51
|
Wang L, Li Z, Xu C, Qin J. Bioinspired Engineering of Organ-on-Chip Devices. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:401-440. [PMID: 31713207 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human body can be viewed as an organism consisting of a variety of cellular and non-cellular materials interacting in a highly ordered manner. Its complex and hierarchical nature inspires the multi-level recapitulation of the human body in order to gain insights into the inner workings of life. While traditional cell culture models have led to new insights into the cellular microenvironment and biological control in vivo, deeper understanding of biological systems and human pathophysiology requires the development of novel model systems that allow for analysis of complex internal and external interactions within the cellular microenvironment in a more relevant organ context. Engineering organ-on-chip systems offers an unprecedented opportunity to unravel the complex and hierarchical nature of human organs. In this chapter, we first highlight the advances in microfluidic platforms that enable engineering of the cellular microenvironment and the transition from cells-on-chips to organs-on-chips. Then, we introduce the key features of the emerging organs-on-chips and their proof-of-concept applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the challenges and future outlooks of this state-of-the-art technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Cong Xu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Ma J, Yan S, Miao C, Li L, Shi W, Liu X, Luo Y, Liu T, Lin B, Wu W, Lu Y. Paper Microfluidics for Cell Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801084. [PMID: 30474359 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Paper microfluidics has attracted much attention since its first introduction around one decade ago due to the merits such as low cost, ease of fabrication and operation, portability, and facile integration with other devices. The dominant application for paper microfluidics still lies in point-of-care testing (POCT), which holds great promise to provide diagnostic tools to meet the ASSURED criteria. With micro/nanostructures inside, paper substrates provide a natural 3D scaffold to mimic native cellular microenvironments and create excellent biointerfaces for cell analysis applications, such as long-term 3D cell culture, cell capture/phenotyping, and cell-related biochemical analysis (small molecules, protein DNA, etc.). This review summarizes cell-related applications based on various engineered paper microdevices and provides some perspectives for paper microfluidics-based cell analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics; Chuangchun 130033 China
| | - Shiqiang Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Chunyue Miao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Linmei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Chemical Engineering & School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Wenming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics; Chuangchun 130033 China
| | - Yao Lu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kenney RM, Loeser A, Whitman NA, Lockett MR. Paper-based Transwell assays: an inexpensive alternative to study cellular invasion. Analyst 2018; 144:206-211. [PMID: 30328422 PMCID: PMC6296866 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular movement is essential in the formation and maintenance of healthy tissues as well as in disease progression such as tumor metastasis. In this work, we describe a paper-based Transwell assay capable of quantifying cellular invasion through an extracellular matrix. The paper-based Transwell assays generate similar datasets, with equivalent reproducibility, to commercially available Transwell assays. With different culture configurations, we quantify invasion: upon addition of an exogenous factor or in the presence of medium obtained from other cell types, in an indirect or direct co-culture format whose medium composition is dynamically changing, and in a single-zone or parallel (96-zone) format.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Adam Loeser
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Nathan A Whitman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA. and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wang LX, Zhou Y, Fu JJ, Lu Z, Yu L. Separation and Characterization of Prostate Cancer Cell Subtype according to Their Motility Using a Multi-Layer CiGiP Culture. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9120660. [PMID: 30558236 PMCID: PMC6315990 DOI: 10.3390/mi9120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell metastasis has been recognized as one hallmark of malignant tumor progression; thus, measuring the motility of cells, especially tumor cell migration, is important for evaluating the therapeutic effects of anti-tumor drugs. Here, we used a paper-based cell migration platform to separate and isolate cells according to their distinct motility. A multi-layer cells-in-gels-in-paper (CiGiP) stack was assembled. Only a small portion of DU 145 prostate cancer cells seeded in the middle layer could successfully migrate into the top and bottom layers of the stack, showing heterogeneous motility. The cells with distinct migration were isolated for further analysis. Quantitative PCR assay results demonstrated that cells with higher migration potential had increased expression of the ALDH1A1, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2, NANOG, and octamer-binding transcription 4. Increased doxorubicin tolerance was also observed in cells that migrated through the CiGiP layers. In summary, the separation and characterization of prostate cancer cell subtype can be achieved by using the multi-layer CiGiP cell migration platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Guangan Changming Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, Guangan 638500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Son J, Bang MS, Park JK. Hand-Maneuverable Collagen Sheet with Micropatterns for 3D Modular Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:339-345. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaejung Son
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Bang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Spontaneous formation of tumor spheroid on a hydrophilic filter paper for cancer stem cell enrichment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:426-434. [PMID: 30481703 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play critical roles in tumor invasion, metastasis and recurrence. The specific targeting capability on CSCs is of high importance for the development of effective anti-tumor therapeutics. However, isolation, enrichment and cultivation of these special and rare groups of tumor cells for in vitro analyses is a nontrivial job and requires particular culture medium and environmental control. Herein, we established a low-cost and efficient method for CSC enrichment by culturing prostate cancer cells on a hydrophilic filter paper. We found that tumor spheroids could form spontaneously on a pristine filter paper solely with regular cell culture medium. The paper-grown cells had elevated expression of putative CSC markers, indicating increased stemness of the cancer cells. Moreover, increased resistance of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin was observed on the formed CSC spheroids compared to regular culture. The properties of the filter paper were characterized to investigate the underlying mechanism behind the promoted tumor spheroid formation. The obtained results suggested that the excellent hydrophilicity of the cellulose fibers retarded the hydrophobic interaction-mediated cell anchoring on the cellulose fibers, while the limited space/niche between fibers promoted the aggregation of cells. In addition, biocompatible paper-based materials are able to realize convenient assembly of tissue-like structures for developing in vitro disease models or organs-on-paper applications. Therefore, hydrophilic filter papers could be a low-cost material for construction of various assay platforms for isolating and enriching CSCs, screening anti-tumor drugs, and constructing tumor models in vitro.
Collapse
|
57
|
PDMS-free microfluidic cell culture with integrated gas supply through a porous membrane of anodized aluminum oxide. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
58
|
Deygas M, Gadet R, Gillet G, Rimokh R, Gonzalo P, Mikaelian I. Redox regulation of EGFR steers migration of hypoxic mammary cells towards oxygen. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4545. [PMID: 30382089 PMCID: PMC6208388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerotaxis or chemotaxis to oxygen was described in bacteria 130 years ago. In eukaryotes, the main adaptation to hypoxia currently described relies on HIF transcription factors. To investigate whether aerotaxis is conserved in higher eukaryotes, an approach based on the self-generation of hypoxia after cell confinement was developed. We show that epithelial cells from various tissues migrate with an extreme directionality towards oxygen to escape hypoxia, independently of the HIF pathway. We provide evidence that, concomitant to the oxygen gradient, a gradient of reactive oxygen species (ROS) develops under confinement and that antioxidants dampen aerotaxis. Finally, we establish that in mammary cells, EGF receptor, the activity of which is potentiated by ROS and inhibited by hypoxia, represents the molecular target that guides hypoxic cells to oxygen. Our results reveals that aerotaxis is a property of higher eukaryotic cells and proceeds from the conversion of oxygen into ROS. Aerotaxis, chemotaxis towards oxygen, occurs in bacteria and likely in cancer cells. Here the authors find that confined cells from different tissues escape hypoxia by aerotaxis, a process independent of mitochondria and the HIF pathway, and dependent on EGF receptor interpretation of a ROS gradient in mammary cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Deygas
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Rudy Gadet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France.,Hospices civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France.
| | - Philippe Gonzalo
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France. .,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de médecine de Saint-Etienne, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Ivan Mikaelian
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Michael IJ, Kumar S, Oh JM, Kim D, Kim J, Cho YK. Surface-Engineered Paper Hanging Drop Chip for 3D Spheroid Culture and Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33839-33846. [PMID: 30192134 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein corona coated onto the hydrophilic cellulose fiber turns into hydrophobic upon UV irradiation without hindering the porosity of the paper while simultaneously reducing nonspecific adsorption. Taking advantage of the biofouling-resistant, hydrophobic, and fluid transport through property, we demonstrated hanging drop three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture and in-site analysis, including drug testing, time-dependent detection of secreted protein, and fluorescence staining without disturbing the spheroids. This single hanging drop system can also be extended to a networked hanging drop chip to mimic in vivo microphysiology by combining with wax-patterned microfluidic channels, where well-to-well interaction can be accurately controlled in a passive manner. As a proof of concept, the effects of a concentration gradient of nutrient and variable dosage of anticancer drugs were studied in the 3D spheroids cultured on paper. The experimental results suggested that a complex network device could be fabricated on a large scale on demand at a minimal cost for 3D spheroid culture. Our method demonstrates a future possibility for paper as a low cost, high-throughput 3D spheroid-based "body-on-a-chip" platform material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issac J Michael
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells and Their CSC Population Migrate Towards Low Oxygen in a Microfluidic Gradient Device. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103047. [PMID: 30301222 PMCID: PMC6215323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are caused by secondary tumors formed through metastasis, yet due to our limited understanding of this process, prevention remains a major challenge. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as the source of metastases, but only little is known about their migratory behavior. Oxygen gradients in the tumor have been linked to directional migration of breast cancer cells. Here, we present a method to study the effect of oxygen gradients on the migratory behavior of breast CSCs using a microfluidic device. Our chip contains a chamber in which an oxygen gradient can be generated between hypoxic (<1%) and ambient (21%) conditions. We tracked the migration of CSCs obtained from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and found that their migration patterns do not differ from the average MDA-MB-231 population. Surprisingly, we found that the cells migrate towards low oxygen levels, in contrast with an earlier study. We hypothesize that in our device, migration is exclusively due to the pure oxygen gradient, whereas the effects of oxygen in earlier work were obscured by additional cues from the tumor microenvironment (e.g., nutrients and metabolites). These results open new research directions into the role of oxygen in directing cancer and CSC migration.
Collapse
|
61
|
A three-dimensional engineered heterogeneous tumor model for assessing cellular environment and response. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:1917-1957. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
62
|
Cornelison RC, Munson JM. Perspective on Translating Biomaterials Into Glioma Therapy: Lessons From in vitro Models. FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS 2018; 5:27. [PMID: 30911536 PMCID: PMC6430582 DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of brain cancer. Even with aggressive standard of care, GBM almost always recurs because its diffuse, infiltrative nature makes these tumors difficult to treat. The use of biomaterials is one strategy that has been, and is being, employed to study and overcome recurrence. Biomaterials have been used in GBM in two ways: in vitro as mediums in which to model the tumor microenvironment, and in vivo to sustain release of cytotoxic therapeutics. In vitro systems are a useful platform for studying the effects of drugs and tissue-level effectors on tumor cells in a physiologically relevant context. These systems have aided examination of how glioma cells respond to a variety of natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic biomaterials with varying substrate properties, biochemical factor presentations, and non-malignant parenchymal cell compositions in both 2D and 3D environments. The current in vivo paradigm is completely different, however. Polymeric implants are simply used to line the post-surgical resection cavities and deliver secondary therapies, offering moderate impacts on survival. Instead, perhaps we can use the data generated from in vitro systems to design novel biomaterial-based treatments for GBM akin to a tissue engineering approach. Here we offer our perspective on the topic, summarizing how biomaterials have been used to identify facets of glioma biology in vitro and discussing the elements that show promise for translating these systems in vivo as new therapies for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Nguyen B, Graham PJ, Rochman CM, Sinton D. A Platform for High-Throughput Assessments of Environmental Multistressors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700677. [PMID: 29721416 PMCID: PMC5908365 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A platform compatible with microtiter plates to parallelize environmental treatments to test the complex impacts of multiple stressors, including parameters relevant to climate change and point source pollutants is developed. This platform leverages (1) the high rate of purely diffusive gas transport in aerogels to produce well-defined centimeter-scale gas concentration gradients, (2) spatial light control, and (3) established automated liquid handling. The parallel gaseous, aqueous, and light control provided by the platform is compatible with multiparameter experiments across the life sciences. The platform is applied to measure biological effects in over 700 treatments in a five-parameter full factorial study with the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Further, the CO2 response of multicellular organisms, Lemna gibba and Artemia salina under surfactant and nanomaterial stress are tested with the platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable EnergyUniversity of Toronto5 King's College RoadTorontoONM5S 3G8Canada
| | - Percival J. Graham
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable EnergyUniversity of Toronto5 King's College RoadTorontoONM5S 3G8Canada
| | - Chelsea M. Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto25 Wilcocks StTorontoONM5S 3B2Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable EnergyUniversity of Toronto5 King's College RoadTorontoONM5S 3G8Canada
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Rodenhizer D, Dean T, D'Arcangelo E, McGuigan AP. The Current Landscape of 3D In Vitro Tumor Models: What Cancer Hallmarks Are Accessible for Drug Discovery? Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701174. [PMID: 29350495 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer prognosis remains a lottery dependent on cancer type, disease stage at diagnosis, and personal genetics. While investment in research is at an all-time high, new drugs are more likely to fail in clinical trials today than in the 1970s. In this review, a summary of current survival statistics in North America is provided, followed by an overview of the modern drug discovery process, classes of models used throughout different stages, and challenges associated with drug development efficiency are highlighted. Then, an overview of the cancer hallmarks that drive clinical progression is provided, and the range of available clinical therapies within the context of these hallmarks is categorized. Specifically, it is found that historically, the development of therapies is limited to a subset of possible targets. This provides evidence for the opportunities offered by novel disease-relevant in vitro models that enable identification of novel targets that facilitate interactions between the tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Next, an overview of the models currently reported in literature is provided, and the cancer biology they have been used to explore is highlighted. Finally, four priority areas are suggested for the field to accelerate adoption of in vitro tumour models for cancer drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Rodenhizer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Teresa Dean
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Elisa D'Arcangelo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Alison P. McGuigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry & Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto M5S 3E5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Karbalaei A, Cho HJ. Microfluidic Devices Developed for and Inspired by Thermotaxis and Chemotaxis. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E149. [PMID: 30424083 PMCID: PMC6187570 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Taxis has been reported in many cells and microorganisms, due to their tendency to migrate toward favorable physical situations and avoid damage and death. Thermotaxis and chemotaxis are two of the major types of taxis that naturally occur on a daily basis. Understanding the details of the thermo- and chemotactic behavioral response of cells and microorganisms is necessary to reveal the body function, diagnosing diseases and developing therapeutic treatments. Considering the length-scale and range of effectiveness of these phenomena, advances in microfluidics have facilitated taxis experiments and enhanced the precision of controlling and capturing microscale samples. Microfabrication of fluidic chips could bridge the gap between in vitro and in situ biological assays, specifically in taxis experiments. Numerous efforts have been made to develop, fabricate and implement novel microchips to conduct taxis experiments and increase the accuracy of the results. The concepts originated from thermo- and chemotaxis, inspired novel ideas applicable to microfluidics as well, more specifically, thermocapillarity and chemocapillarity (or solutocapillarity) for the manipulation of single- and multi-phase fluid flows in microscale and fluidic control elements such as valves, pumps, mixers, traps, etc. This paper starts with a brief biological overview of the concept of thermo- and chemotaxis followed by the most recent developments in microchips used for thermo- and chemotaxis experiments. The last section of this review focuses on the microfluidic devices inspired by the concept of thermo- and chemotaxis. Various microfluidic devices that have either been used for, or inspired by thermo- and chemotaxis are reviewed categorically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karbalaei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Hyoung Jin Cho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Nie J, Gao Q, Qiu JJ, Sun M, Liu A, Shao L, Fu JZ, Zhao P, He Y. 3D printed Lego
®
-like modular microfluidic devices based on capillary driving. Biofabrication 2018; 10:035001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaadd3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
67
|
Kenney RM, Lloyd CC, Whitman NA, Lockett MR. 3D cellular invasion platforms: how do paper-based cultures stack up? Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [PMID: 28621775 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02357j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular invasion is the gateway to metastasis, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Invasion is driven by a number of chemical and mechanical stresses that arise in the tumor microenvironment. In vitro assays are needed for the systematic study of cancer progress. To be truly predictive, these assays must generate tissue-like environments that can be experimentally controlled and manipulated. While two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures are easily assembled and evaluated, they lack the extracellular components needed to assess invasion. Three-dimensional (3D) cultures are better suited for invasion studies because they generate cellular phenotypes that are more representative of those found in vivo. This feature article provides an overview of four invasion platforms. We focus on paper-based cultures, an emerging 3D culture platform capable of generating tissue-like structures and quantifying cellular invasion. Paper-based cultures are as easily assembled and analyzed as monolayers, but provide an experimentally powerful platform capable of supporting: co-cultures and representative extracellular environments; experimentally controlled gradients; readouts capable of quantifying, discerning, and separating cells based on their invasiveness. With a series of examples we highlight the potential of paper-based cultures, and discuss how they stack up against other invasion platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis BASA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University
| | - Ayusmen SEN
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Frank A. GOMEZ
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Chen X, Lan J, Liu Y, Li L, Yan L, Xia Y, Wu F, Li C, Li S, Chen J. A paper-supported aptasensor based on upconversion luminescence resonance energy transfer for the accessible determination of exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:582-588. [PMID: 29241062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, as potential cancer diagnostic markers have received close attention in recent years. However, there is still a lack of simple and convenient methods to detect and quantitate exosomes. Herein, we used a simple paper-supported aptasensor based on luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) from upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to gold nanorods (Au NRs) for the accessible determination of exosomes. When exosomes are present, the two sections of the aptamer can combine with the CD63 protein on the surface of exosomes and form a conjugation to close the distance between UCNPs and Au NRs, which initiates the LRET and promotes luminescence quenching. These variations can be monitored by the homemade image system, and the green channel intensities of obtained colored images were extracted with photoshop software to quantify the luminescence. As a result, the quenching of the luminescence of the UCNPs is linearly correlated to the concentration of the exosomes (in the range of 1.0 × 104 ~ 1.0 × 108 particles/μL), enabling the detection and quantification of the exosomes. Such approach can reach a low detection limit of exosomes (1.1 × 103 particles/μL) and effectively reduce the background signal by using UCNPs as a luminescent material. This study provides an efficient and practical approach to the detection of exosomes, which should lead to point-of-care testing in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
| | - Jianming Lan
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Li Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Liu Yan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Yaokun Xia
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Fang Wu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Chunyan Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Um E, Oh JM, Granick S, Cho YK. Cell migration in microengineered tumor environments. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:4171-4185. [PMID: 28971203 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in microengineered cell migration platforms are discussed critically with a focus on how cell migration is influenced by engineered tumor microenvironments, the medical relevance being to understand how tumor microenvironments may promote or suppress the progression of cancer. We first introduce key findings in cancer cell migration under the influence of the physical environment, which is systematically controlled by microengineering technology, followed by multi-cues of physico-chemical factors, which represent the complexity of the tumor environment. Recognizing that cancer cells constantly communicate not only with each other but also with tumor-associated cells such as vascular, fibroblast, and immune cells, and also with non-cellular components, it follows that cell motility in tumor microenvironments, especially metastasis via the invasion of cancer cells into the extracellular matrix and other tissues, is closely related to the malignancy of cancer-related mortality. Medical relevance of forefront research realized in microfabricated devices, such as single cell sorting based on the analysis of cell migration behavior, may assist personalized theragnostics based on the cell migration phenotype. Furthermore, we urge development of theory and numerical understanding of single or collective cell migration in microengineered platforms to gain new insights in cancer metastasis and in therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Um
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
An Open Software Platform for the Automated Design of Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16224. [PMID: 29176646 PMCID: PMC5701164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic devices have many applications in biomedical and environmental analysis. However, the process of prototyping device designs can be tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming. Here, we present a cross-platform, open-source software tool—AutoPAD—developed to quickly create and modify device designs and provide a free alternative to commercial design software. The capabilities that we designed to be inherent to AutoPAD (e.g., automatic zone alignment and design refactoring) highlight its potential use in nearly any paper-based microfluidic device application and for creating nearly any desired design, which we demonstrate through the recreation of numerous device designs from the literature.
Collapse
|
72
|
Lantigua D, Kelly YN, Unal B, Camci-Unal G. Engineered Paper-Based Cell Culture Platforms. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 29076283 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Paper is used in various applications in biomedical research including diagnostics, separations, and cell cultures. Paper can be conveniently engineered due to its tunable and flexible nature, and is amenable to high-throughput sample preparation and analysis. Paper-based platforms are used to culture primary cells, tumor cells, patient biopsies, stem cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, immune cells, bacteria, fungi, and plant cells. These platforms are compatible with standard analytical assays that are typically used to monitor cell behavior. Due to its thickness and porous nature, there are no mass transport limitations to/from the cells in paper scaffolds. It is possible to pattern paper in different scales (micrometer to centimeter), generate modular configurations in 3D, fabricate multicellular and compartmentalized tissue mimetics for clinical applications, and recover cells from the scaffolds for further analysis. 3D paper constructs can provide physiologically relevant tissue models for personalized medicine. Layer-by layer strategies to assemble tissue-like structures from low-cost and biocompatible paper-based materials offer unique opportunities that include understanding fundamental biology, developing disease models, and assembling different tissues for organ-on-paper applications. Paper-based platforms can also be used for origami-inspired tissue engineering. This work provides an overview of recent progress in engineered paper-based biomaterials and platforms to culture and analyze cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darlin Lantigua
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Massachusetts Lowell; One University Avenue Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Yan Ni Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Lowell; One University Avenue Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Baris Unal
- Triton Systems, Inc.; 200 Turnpike Road Chelmsford MA 01824 USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Lowell; One University Avenue Lowell MA 01854 USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Boyce MW, LaBonia GJ, Hummon AB, Lockett MR. Assessing chemotherapeutic effectiveness using a paper-based tumor model. Analyst 2017; 142:2819-2827. [PMID: 28702529 PMCID: PMC5557652 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00806f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models for screening new cancer chemotherapeutics often rely on two-dimensional cultures to predict therapeutic potential. Unfortunately, the predictive power of these models is limited, as they fail to recapitulate the complex three-dimensional environments in tumors that promote a chemoresistant phenotype. In this study, we describe the preparation and characterization of paper-based cultures (PBCs) engineered to assess chemotherapeutic effectiveness in three dimensional, diffusion-limited environments. Similar environments are found in poorly vascularized tumors. Monotonic gradients develop across these cultures, which are assembled by stacking cell-laden paper scaffolds to yield thick tissue-like structures, and provide distinct chemical environments for each scaffold. After prolonged incubation, the scaffolds can simply be peeled apart and analyzed. Through fluorescence imaging, we determined that viable and proliferative cell populations were most abundant in scaffolds close to the nutrient-rich medium. By adjusting the cell density, we modulated the spatiotemporal evolution of oxygen gradients across the cultures and correlated these environmental changes with cellular sensitivity to SN-38 exposure. From these results, we showed that differences in the oxygen gradients produced cellular populations with significantly different chemosensitivities. Through this work, we highlight PBCs ability to serve as an analytical model capable of determining chemotherapeutic effectiveness under a range of chemical environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel J LaBonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Verjans ET, Doijen J, Luyten W, Landuyt B, Schoofs L. Three-dimensional cell culture models for anticancer drug screening: Worth the effort? J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2993-3003. [PMID: 28618001 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High attrition of new oncology drug candidates in clinical trials is partially caused by the poor predictive capacity of artificial monolayer cell culture assays early in drug discovery. Monolayer assays do not take the natural three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment of cells into account. As a result, false positive compounds often enter clinical trials, leading to high dropout rates and a waste of time and money. Over the past 2 decades, tissue engineers and cell biologists have developed a broad range of 3D in vitro culturing tools that better represent in vivo cell biology. These tools preserve the 3D architecture of cells and can be used to predict toxicity of and resistance against antitumor agents. Recent progress in tissue engineering further improves 3D models by taking into account the tumor microenvironment, which is important for metastatic progression and vascularization. However, the widespread implementation of 3D cell cultures into cell-based research programs has been limited by various factors, including their cost and reproducibility. In addition, different 3D cell culture techniques often produce spheroids of different size and shape, which can strongly influence drug efficacy and toxicity. Hence, it is imperative to morphometrically characterize multicellular spheroids to avoid generalizations among different spheroid types. Standardized 3D culturing procedures could further reduce data variability and enhance biological relevance. Here, we critically evaluate the benefits and challenges inherent to growing cells in 3D, along with an overview of the techniques used to form spheroids. This is done with a specific focus on antitumor drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eddy-Tim Verjans
- Department of Biology, Division of Neurobiology and Animal Physiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jordi Doijen
- Department of Biology, Division of Neurobiology and Animal Physiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Division of Neurobiology and Animal Physiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Landuyt
- Department of Biology, Division of Neurobiology and Animal Physiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Department of Biology, Division of Neurobiology and Animal Physiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Advanced biomaterials and microengineering technologies to recapitulate the stepwise process of cancer metastasis. Biomaterials 2017; 133:176-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
76
|
Chittiboyina S, Rahimi R, Atrian F, Ochoa M, Ziaie B, Lelièvre SA. Gradient-on-a-Chip with Reactive Oxygen Species Reveals Thresholds in the Nucleus Response of Cancer Cells Depending on the Matrix Environment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:432-445. [PMID: 33418734 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated cancer progression depends on exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the extracellular matrix (ECM). To study the impact of ROS levels on preinvasive breast cancer cells as a function of ECM characteristics, we created a gradient-on-a-chip in which H2O2 progressively mixes with the cell culture medium within connected microchannels and diffuses upward into the ECM of the open cell culture window. The device utilizes a paper-based microfluidic bifurcating mixer insert to prevent leakage and favor an even fluid distribution. The gradient was confirmed by measuring H2O2 catalyzed into oxygen, and increasing oxidative DNA damage and protective (AOP2) response were recorded in 2D and ECM-based 3D cell cultures. Interestingly, the impact of ROS on nuclear shape and size (annunciating phenotypical changes) was governed by the stiffness of the collagen I matrix, suggesting the existence of thresholds for the phenotypic response to microenvironmental chemical exposure depending on ECM conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirisha Chittiboyina
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 625 Harrison Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 465 Northwestern Avenue, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 W State Street, Purdue Discovery Park, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Farzaneh Atrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 625 Harrison Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Manuel Ochoa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 465 Northwestern Avenue, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 W State Street, Purdue Discovery Park, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Babak Ziaie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 465 Northwestern Avenue, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 W State Street, Purdue Discovery Park, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sophie A Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 625 Harrison Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 W State Street, Purdue Discovery Park, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Lloyd CC, Boyce MW, Lockett MR. Paper-based Invasion Assays for Quantifying Cellular Movement in Three-dimensional Tissue-like Structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28628202 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the chemical and environmental conditions that promote invasion of cancer cells, an assay is needed in which the chemical landscape of a tumor-like environment can be experimentally manipulated and probed. The three-dimensional paper-based invasion assays described here simulate poorly vascularized tissue and allow the invasion of cancerous cells to be visualized and quantified. These cultures are easy to assemble and allow multiple invasion assays to be performed in parallel. By using different materials to control gradients formed across the culture, the chemotactic potential of small molecules can be evaluated in a more representative tissue microenvironment. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chad Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew W Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
He M, Zhang K, Chen G, Tian J, Su B. Ionic Gel Paper with Long-Term Bendable Electrical Robustness for Use in Flexible Electroluminescent Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16466-16473. [PMID: 28441006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conductive paper has low-cost, lightweight, sustainability, easy scale-up, and tailorable advantages, allowing for its promising potential in flexible electronics, such as bendable supercapacitors, solar cells, electromagnetic shields, and actuators. Ionic gels, exhibiting a lower Young's modulus together with facile manufacturing, can fully serve as the conductive component to prepare conductive paper. Herein we report a low-cost (∼1.3 dollars/m2), continuous, and high-throughput (up to ∼30 m/min) fabrication of reliable and long-term (stable for more than two months) conductive paper. As-prepared conductive paper shows a high electrical durability with negligible bending-recovering signal changes over 5000 cycles. Using this ionic gel paper (IGP) as a key component, we build a variety of proof-of-principle demonstrations to show the capacity of IGP in constructing flexible electroluminescent devices with diverse patterns, including a square, an alphabetic string, and a laughing face. Our methodology has the potential to open a new powerful route to fabricate bendable conductive paper for a myriad of applications in future flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guangxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Fernandes SC, Walz JA, Wilson DJ, Brooks JC, Mace CR. Beyond Wicking: Expanding the Role of Patterned Paper as the Foundation for an Analytical Platform. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5654-5664. [PMID: 28406607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
While a number of assays for soluble analytes have been developed using paper-based microfluidic devices, the detection and analysis of blood cells has remained an outstanding challenge. In this Feature, we discuss how the properties of paper determine the performance of paper-based microfluidic devices and permit the design of cellular assays, which can ultimately impact disparities in healthcare that exist in limited-resource settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syrena C Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jenna A Walz
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Daniel J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jessica C Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Charles R Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Ge S, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Lan F, Yan M, Yu J. Nanomaterials-modified cellulose paper as a platform for biosensing applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4366-4382. [PMID: 28155933 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, paper substrates have attracted tremendous interest from both academia and industry. Not only is paper highly abundant and portable, it is lightweight, disposable, easy-to-use, and can be rolled or folded into 3D configurations. More importantly, with a unique porous bulk structure and rough and absorptive surface properties, the construction of nanomaterials-functionalized cellulose has enabled cellulose paper to be applied for point-of-care (POC) paper devices with reasonably good performance at low cost. In this review, the latest advances in the modification of nanomaterials on paper cellulose are summed up. To begin with, the attractive properties of paper-based analytical devices are described. Then, fabricating methods for the functionalization of cellulose with diverse materials, including noble metals, bimetals, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, and molecular imprinting polymer nanoparticles, as well as their applications, are introduced in detail. Finally, the current critical issues, challenges, and future prospectives for exploring a paper-based analytical system based on nanomaterials-modified cellulose are discussed. It is believed that more strategies will be developed in the future to construct nanomaterials-functionalized cellulose, paving the way for the mass production of POC paper devices with a satisfactory performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenguang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Feifei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Mei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Vu TQ, de Castro RMB, Qin L. Bridging the gap: microfluidic devices for short and long distance cell-cell communication. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1009-1023. [PMID: 28205652 PMCID: PMC5473339 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01367h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is a crucial component of many biological functions. For example, understanding how immune cells and cancer cells interact, both at the immunological synapse and through cytokine secretion, can help us understand and improve cancer immunotherapy. The study of how cells communicate and form synaptic connections is important in neuroscience, ophthalmology, and cancer research. But in order to increase our understanding of these cellular phenomena, better tools need to be developed that allow us to study cell-cell communication in a highly controlled manner. Some technical requirements for better communication studies include manipulating cells spatiotemporally, high resolution imaging, and integrating sensors. Microfluidics is a powerful platform that has the ability to address these requirements and other current limitations. In this review, we describe some new advances in microfluidic technologies that have provided researchers with novel methods to study intercellular communication. The advantages of microfluidics have allowed for new capabilities in both single cell-cell communication and population-based communication. This review highlights microfluidic communication devices categorized as "short distance", or primarily at the single cell level, and "long distance", which mostly encompasses population level studies. Future directions and translation/commercialization will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Quang Vu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA and Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ricardo Miguel Bessa de Castro
- College of Engineering, Swansea University Singleton Park, Swansea, UK and Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Wu Y, Gao Q, Nie J, Fu JZ, He Y. From Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices to Paper-Based Biofluidics with Integrated Continuous Perfusion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:601-607. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key
Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key
Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key
Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian-zhong Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key
Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yong He
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key
Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province,
School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Dermutz H, Thompson-Steckel G, Forró C, de Lange V, Dorwling-Carter L, Vörös J, Demkó L. Paper-based patterned 3D neural cultures as a tool to study network activity on multielectrode arrays. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00971b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput platform targeting activity patterns of 3D neural cultures with arbitrary topology, by combining network-wide intracellular and local extracellular signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Victoria de Lange
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Livie Dorwling-Carter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - László Demkó
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Albritton JL, Miller JS. 3D bioprinting: improving in vitro models of metastasis with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:3-14. [PMID: 28067628 PMCID: PMC5278522 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with many advances in treatment over the past decades, cancer still remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the recognized relationship between metastasis and increased mortality rate, surprisingly little is known about the exact mechanism of metastatic progression. Currently available in vitro models cannot replicate the three-dimensionality and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment sufficiently to recapitulate many of the known characteristics of tumors in vivo Our understanding of metastatic progression would thus be boosted by the development of in vitro models that could more completely capture the salient features of cancer biology. Bioengineering groups have been working for over two decades to create in vitro microenvironments for application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Over this time, advances in 3D printing technology and biomaterials research have jointly led to the creation of 3D bioprinting, which has improved our ability to develop in vitro models with complexity approaching that of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In this Review, we give an overview of 3D bioprinting methods developed for tissue engineering, which can be directly applied to constructing in vitro models of heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. We discuss considerations and limitations associated with 3D printing and highlight how these advances could be harnessed to better model metastasis and potentially guide the development of anti-cancer strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Albritton
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jordan S Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zhou Y, Fu JJ, Liu YS, Kang YJ, Li CM, Yu L. Redefining Chinese calligraphy rice paper: an economical and cytocompatible substrate for cell biological assays. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07756d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese calligraphy paper, also known as rice paper, demonstrates its potential in building paper-based analytical platforms for cell-based assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Jing Jing Fu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Ying Shuai Liu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Yue Jun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Ling Yu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Liu Z, Xu W, Hou Z, Wu Z. A Rapid Prototyping Technique for Microfluidics with High Robustness and Flexibility. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7110201. [PMID: 30404375 PMCID: PMC6189943 DOI: 10.3390/mi7110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In microfluidic device prototyping, master fabrication by traditional photolithography is expensive and time-consuming, especially when the design requires being repeatedly modified to achieve a satisfactory performance. By introducing a high-performance/cost-ratio laser to the traditional soft lithography, this paper describes a flexible and rapid prototyping technique for microfluidics. An ultraviolet (UV) laser directly writes on the photoresist without a photomask, which is suitable for master fabrication. By eliminating the constraints of fixed patterns in the traditional photomask when the masters are made, this prototyping technique gives designers/researchers the convenience to revise or modify their designs iteratively. A device fabricated by this method is tested for particle separation and demonstrates good properties. This technique provides a flexible and rapid solution to fabricating microfluidic devices for non-professionals at relatively low cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wenchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zining Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Ångström Laboratory, Microsystems Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Rahimi R, Htwe SS, Ochoa M, Donaldson A, Zieger M, Sood R, Tamayol A, Khademhosseini A, Ghaemmaghami AM, Ziaie B. A paper-based in vitro model for on-chip investigation of the human respiratory system. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4319-4325. [PMID: 27731881 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00866f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Culturing cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI) is essential for creating functional in vitro models of lung tissues. We present the use of direct-patterned laser-treated hydrophobic paper as an effective semi-permeable membrane, ideal for ALI cell culture. The surface properties of the paper are modified through a selective CO2 laser-assisted treatment to create a unique porous substrate with hydrophilic regions that regulate fluid diffusion and cell attachment. To select the appropriate model, four promising hydrophobic films were compared with each other in terms of gas permeability and long-term strength in an aqueous environment (wet-strength). Among the investigated substrates, parchment paper showed the fastest rate of oxygen permeability (3 times more than conventional transwell cell culture membranes), with the least variation in its dry and wet tensile strengths (124 MPa and 58 MPa, remaining unchanged after 7 days of submersion in PBS).The final paper-based platform provides an ideal, robust, and inexpensive device for generating monolayers of lung epithelial cells on-chip in a high-throughput fashion for disease modelling and in vitro drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Rahimi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Su Su Htwe
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Manuel Ochoa
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amy Donaldson
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Michael Zieger
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rajiv Sood
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea and Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Babak Ziaie
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Rodenhizer D, Cojocari D, Wouters BG, McGuigan AP. Development of TRACER: tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response. Biofabrication 2016; 8:045008. [PMID: 27754980 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/4/045008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. Here we describe the materials selection and development of TRACER. We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Rodenhizer
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry 200 College St. Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Mosley GL, Nguyen P, Wu BM, Kamei DT. Development of quantitative radioactive methodologies on paper to determine important lateral-flow immunoassay parameters. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2871-81. [PMID: 27364421 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00518g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The lateral-flow immunoassay (LFA) is a well-established diagnostic technology that has recently seen significant advancements due in part to the rapidly expanding fields of paper diagnostics and paper-fluidics. As LFA-based diagnostics become more complex, it becomes increasingly important to quantitatively determine important parameters during the design and evaluation process. However, current experimental methods for determining these parameters have certain limitations when applied to LFA systems. In this work, we describe our novel methods of combining paper and radioactive measurements to determine nanoprobe molarity, the number of antibodies per nanoprobe, and the forward and reverse rate constants for nanoprobe binding to immobilized target on the LFA test line. Using a model LFA system that detects for the presence of the protein transferrin (Tf), we demonstrate the application of our methods, which involve quantitative experimentation and mathematical modeling. We also compare the results of our rate constant experiments with traditional experiments to demonstrate how our methods more appropriately capture the influence of the LFA environment on the binding interaction. Our novel experimental approaches can therefore more efficiently guide the research process for LFA design, leading to more rapid advancement of the field of paper-based diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett L Mosley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Pradhan S, Hassani I, Clary JM, Lipke EA. Polymeric Biomaterials for In Vitro Cancer Tissue Engineering and Drug Testing Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:470-484. [PMID: 27302080 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic polymers and materials have been widely used in tissue engineering for regeneration and replication of diverse types of both normal and diseased tissues. Cancer, being a prevalent disease throughout the world, has initiated substantial interest in the creation of tissue-engineered models for anticancer drug testing. The development of these in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture models using novel biomaterials has facilitated the investigation of tumorigenic and associated biological phenomena with a higher degree of complexity and physiological context than that provided by established two-dimensional culture models. In this review, an overview of a wide range of natural, synthetic, and hybrid biomaterials used for 3D cancer cell culture and investigation of cancer cell behavior is presented. The role of these materials in modulating cell-matrix interactions and replicating specific tumorigenic characteristics is evaluated. In addition, recent advances in biomaterial design, synthesis, and fabrication are also assessed. Finally, the advantages of incorporating polymeric biomaterials in 3D cancer models for obtaining efficacy data in anticancer drug testing applications are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Iman Hassani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jacob M Clary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Camci-Unal G, Laromaine A, Hong E, Derda R, Whitesides GM. Biomineralization Guided by Paper Templates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27693. [PMID: 27277575 PMCID: PMC4899756 DOI: 10.1038/srep27693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates the fabrication of partially mineralized scaffolds fabricated in 3D shapes using paper by folding, and by supporting deposition of calcium phosphate by osteoblasts cultured in these scaffolds. This process generates centimeter-scale free-standing structures composed of paper supporting regions of calcium phosphate deposited by osteoblasts. This work is the first demonstration that paper can be used as a scaffold to induce template-guided mineralization by osteoblasts. Because paper has a porous structure, it allows transport of O2 and nutrients across its entire thickness. Paper supports a uniform distribution of cells upon seeding in hydrogel matrices, and allows growth, remodelling, and proliferation of cells. Scaffolds made of paper make it possible to construct 3D tissue models easily by tuning material properties such as thickness, porosity, and density of chemical functional groups. Paper offers a new approach to study mechanisms of biomineralization, and perhaps ultimately new techniques to guide or accelerate the repair of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Catalunya, E-08193 Spain
| | - Estrella Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Truong AS, Lockett MR. Oxygen as a chemoattractant: confirming cellular hypoxia in paper-based invasion assays. Analyst 2016; 141:3874-82. [PMID: 27138213 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low oxygen tension, or hypoxia, is a common occurrence in solid tumors. Hypoxia is a master regulator of cellular phenotype, and is associated with increased tumor invasion and aggressiveness as well as adverse patient prognosis. Oxygen has recently been linked with the selective movement of different cancer cell types in three-dimensional invasion assays utilizing paper-based scaffolds. It has remained unclear, however, if cells in these paper-based invasion assays are experiencing hypoxia. In this manuscript, we adapted cell-based methods to measure oxygen tension in our 3D invasion assays: the adduction of pimonidazole to free thiols in the cell, indicative of a reducing environment; the localization of hypoxia inducible factors to the nucleus; and the expression of hypoxia-regulated gene products. We utilized each method to compare the oxygen tension in different locations of the paper-based invasion stacks and found an oxygen gradient is indeed forming. Specifically, we found that the extent of pimonidazole binding, as well as the levels and activities of nucleus-localized HIF-α proteins, increase as the distance between the cells and the source of fresh medium increases. These complementary cell-based readouts not only confirm the selective invasion we observe is due to an oxygen gradient, they also show the gradient is temporal in nature and evolves with increasing culture period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Truong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Nath S, Devi GR. Three-dimensional culture systems in cancer research: Focus on tumor spheroid model. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:94-108. [PMID: 27063403 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells propagated in three-dimensional (3D) culture systems exhibit physiologically relevant cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, gene expression and signaling pathway profiles, heterogeneity and structural complexity that reflect in vivo tumors. In recent years, development of various 3D models has improved the study of host-tumor interaction and use of high-throughput screening platforms for anti-cancer drug discovery and development. This review attempts to summarize the various 3D culture systems, with an emphasis on the most well characterized and widely applied model - multicellular tumor spheroids. This review also highlights the various techniques to generate tumor spheroids, methods to characterize them, and its applicability in cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Nath
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Gayathri R Devi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Cancer Institute, Women's Cancer Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Simon KA, Mosadegh B, Minn KT, Lockett MR, Mohammady MR, Boucher DM, Hall AB, Hillier SM, Udagawa T, Eustace BK, Whitesides GM. Metabolic response of lung cancer cells to radiation in a paper-based 3D cell culture system. Biomaterials 2016; 95:47-59. [PMID: 27116031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the application of a 3D culture system-Cells-in-Gels-in-Paper (CiGiP)-in evaluating the metabolic response of lung cancer cells to ionizing radiation. The 3D tissue-like construct-prepared by stacking multiple sheets of paper containing cell-embedded hydrogels-generates a gradient of oxygen and nutrients that decreases monotonically in the stack. Separating the layers of the stack after exposure enabled analysis of the cellular response to radiation as a function of oxygen and nutrient availability; this availability is dictated by the distance between the cells and the source of oxygenated medium. As the distance between the cells and source of oxygenated media increased, cells show increased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, decreased proliferation, and reduced sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Each of these cellular responses are characteristic of cancer cells observed in solid tumors. With this setup we were able to differentiate three isogenic variants of A549 cells based on their metabolic radiosensitivity; these three variants have known differences in their metastatic behavior in vivo. This system can, therefore, capture some aspects of radiosensitivity of populations of cancer cells related to mass-transport phenomenon, carry out systematic studies of radiation response in vitro that decouple effects from migration and proliferation of cells, and regulate the exposure of oxygen to subpopulations of cells in a tissue-like construct either before or after irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Simon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street Suite BRB-108, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyaw Thu Minn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marym R Mohammady
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Diane M Boucher
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Blvd., Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Amy B Hall
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Blvd., Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shawn M Hillier
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Blvd., Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Taturo Udagawa
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Blvd., Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Brenda K Eustace
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Blvd., Boston, MA 02210, USA.
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Camci-Unal G, Newsome D, Eustace BK, Whitesides GM. Fibroblasts Enhance Migration of Human Lung Cancer Cells in a Paper-Based Coculture System. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:641-7, 626. [PMID: 26717559 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A multilayered paper-based platform is used to investigate the interactions between human lung tumor cells and fibroblasts that are isolated from primary patient tumor samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - David Newsome
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated; 50 Northern Avenue Boston MA 02210 USA
| | - Brenda K. Eustace
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated; 50 Northern Avenue Boston MA 02210 USA
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; 60 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Katt ME, Placone AL, Wong AD, Xu ZS, Searson PC. In Vitro Tumor Models: Advantages, Disadvantages, Variables, and Selecting the Right Platform. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:12. [PMID: 26904541 PMCID: PMC4751256 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro tumor models have provided important tools for cancer research and serve as low-cost screening platforms for drug therapies; however, cancer recurrence remains largely unchecked due to metastasis, which is the cause of the majority of cancer-related deaths. The need for an improved understanding of the progression and treatment of cancer has pushed for increased accuracy and physiological relevance of in vitro tumor models. As a result, in vitro tumor models have concurrently increased in complexity and their output parameters further diversified, since these models have progressed beyond simple proliferation, invasion, and cytotoxicity screens and have begun recapitulating critical steps in the metastatic cascade, such as intravasation, extravasation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and tumor cell dormancy. Advances in tumor cell biology, 3D cell culture, tissue engineering, biomaterials, microfabrication, and microfluidics have enabled rapid development of new in vitro tumor models that often incorporate multiple cell types, extracellular matrix materials, and spatial and temporal introduction of soluble factors. Other innovations include the incorporation of perfusable microvessels to simulate the tumor vasculature and model intravasation and extravasation. The drive toward precision medicine has increased interest in adapting in vitro tumor models for patient-specific therapies, clinical management, and assessment of metastatic potential. Here, we review the wide range of current in vitro tumor models and summarize their advantages, disadvantages, and suitability in modeling specific aspects of the metastatic cascade and drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moriah E Katt
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda L Placone
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Wong
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zinnia S Xu
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Entschladen F, Thyssen DA, Drell DW. Re-Use of Established Drugs for Anti-Metastatic Indications. Cells 2016; 5:cells5010002. [PMID: 26771645 PMCID: PMC4810087 DOI: 10.3390/cells5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients that die from cancer do not die due to the primary tumor but due to the development of metastases. However, there is currently still no drug on the market that specifically addresses and inhibits metastasis formation. This lack was, in the past, largely due to the lack of appropriate screening models, but recent developments have established such models and have provided evidence that tumor cell migration works as a surrogate for metastasis formation. Herein we deliver on several examples a rationale for not only testing novel cancer drugs by use of these screening assays, but also reconsider established drugs even of other fields of indication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Entschladen
- MetaVì Labs Inc., 16238 Ranch Road 620 North, Suite F-347, Austin, TX 78717, USA.
- Faculty of Health-School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany.
| | - Dane A Thyssen
- MetaVì Labs Inc., 16238 Ranch Road 620 North, Suite F-347, Austin, TX 78717, USA.
| | - David W Drell
- MetaVì Labs Inc., 16238 Ranch Road 620 North, Suite F-347, Austin, TX 78717, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Mosadegh B. Stackable micropatterned hydrogels for analysis of thick tissues in vitro. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:451-2. [PMID: 26748642 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobak Mosadegh
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York - Presbyterian Hospital & Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Trouillon R, Gijs MAM. Dynamic electrochemical quantitation of dopamine release from a cells-on-paper system. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple hybrid microfluidic/electrochemical system is used to observe the secretion of neurotransmitters from a cells-on-paper system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Trouillon
- Laboratory of Microsystems
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Martin A. M. Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Directional Migration of MDA-MB-231 Cells Under Oxygen Concentration Gradients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 923:129-134. [PMID: 27526134 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38810-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the initial mechanism of hematogenous metastasis of cancer cells, we hypothesized that cancer cells migrate toward regions with higher oxygen concentration such as intratumor micro vessels along the oxygen concentration gradient. To produce gradients of oxygen concentration in vitro, we devised the gap cover glass (GCG). After placing a GCG onto cultured MDA-MB-231 cells (a metastatic breast cancer cell line), the migration of individual cells under the GCG was tracked up to 12 h at 3 % oxygen in the micro incubator. We quantified the migration of individual cells using forward migration index (FMI). The cell migration perpendicular to the oxygen gradients was random in the direction whereas FMIs of the cell located at 300, 500, 700, and 1500 μm from the oxygen inlet were positive (p < 0.05) indicating a unidirectional migration toward the oxygen inlet. Present results are consistent with our hypothesis that MDA-MB-231 cells migrate toward regions with higher oxygen concentration.
Collapse
|