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Harada T, Tsuboi I, Utsunomiya M, Yasuda M, Aizawa S. Kinetics of leukemic cells in 3D culture with stromal cells and with arginine deprivation stress. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:650-658. [PMID: 32861594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we established a three-dimensional (3D) bone marrow culture system that maintains normal hematopoiesis, including prolongation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation. To analyze the role of bone marrow stromal cells that compose the microenvironment, the growth of a leukemic cell line (K562) in the 3D condition and with arginine deprivation stress was compared with two-dimensional stromal cell monolayers (2D) and suspension cultures without stromal cells (stroma (-)). Arginine is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of erythrocytes. The proliferation and differentiation of K562 cells cultured in the 3D system were stabilized compared with cells in 2D or stroma (-). Furthermore, the number of K562 cells in the G0/G1 phase in 3D was increased significantly compared with cells grown in 2D or stroma (-). Interestingly, the mRNA expression of various hematopoietic growth factors of stromal cells in 3D was not different from 2D, even though supportive activity on K562 cell growth was observed in the arginine deprivation condition. Thus, the hematopoietic microenvironment involves multi-dimensional and complex systems including biochemical and physiochemical factors that regulate quiescence, proliferation, activation, and differentiation of normal hematopoietic cells and cloned leukemic cells. Our 3D culture system may be a valuable new tool for investigating leukemic cell-stromal cell interactions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Harada
- Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Isao Tsuboi
- Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Utsunomiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yasuda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Shin Aizawa
- Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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Clara-Trujillo S, Gallego Ferrer G, Gómez Ribelles JL. In Vitro Modeling of Non-Solid Tumors: How Far Can Tissue Engineering Go? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165747. [PMID: 32796596 PMCID: PMC7460836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In hematological malignancies, leukemias or myelomas, malignant cells present bone marrow (BM) homing, in which the niche contributes to tumor development and drug resistance. BM architecture, cellular and molecular composition and interactions define differential microenvironments that govern cell fate under physiological and pathological conditions and serve as a reference for the native biological landscape to be replicated in engineered platforms attempting to reproduce blood cancer behavior. This review summarizes the different models used to efficiently reproduce certain aspects of BM in vitro; however, they still lack the complexity of this tissue, which is relevant for fundamental aspects such as drug resistance development in multiple myeloma. Extracellular matrix composition, material topography, vascularization, cellular composition or stemness vs. differentiation balance are discussed as variables that could be rationally defined in tissue engineering approaches for achieving more relevant in vitro models. Fully humanized platforms closely resembling natural interactions still remain challenging and the question of to what extent accurate tissue complexity reproduction is essential to reliably predict drug responses is controversial. However, the contributions of these approaches to the fundamental knowledge of non-solid tumor biology, its regulation by niches, and the advance of personalized medicine are unquestionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Clara-Trujillo
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Zhong W, Zhang X, Zhao M, Wu J, Lin D. Advancements in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4692-4711. [PMID: 32779645 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), known as a tumor of plasma cells, is not only refractory but also has a high relapse rate, and is the second-most common hematologic tumor after lymphoma. It is often accompanied by multiple osteolytic damage, hypercalcemia, anemia, and renal insufficiency. In terms of diagnosis, conventional detection methods have many limitations, such as it is invasive and time-consuming and has low accuracy. Measures to change these limitations are urgently needed. At the therapeutic level, although the survival of MM continues to prolong with the advent of new drugs, MM remains incurable and has a high recurrence rate. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomedicine has become a powerful way to improve the current diagnosis and treatment of MM. In this review, the research progress and breakthroughs of nanomedicine in MM will be presented. Meanwhile, both superiorities and challenges of nanomedicine were discussed. As a new idea for the diagnosis and treatments of MM, nanomedicine will play a very important role in the research field of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P.R. China.
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Papadimitriou K, Kostopoulos IV, Tsopanidou A, Orologas-Stavrou N, Kastritis E, Tsitsilonis OE, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E. Ex Vivo Models Simulating the Bone Marrow Environment and Predicting Response to Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082006. [PMID: 32707884 PMCID: PMC7463609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the abundance of novel drugs. As it has been previously shown, preclinical 2D models fail to predict disease progression due to their inability to simulate the microenvironment of the bone marrow. In this review, we focus on 3D models and present all currently available ex vivo MM models that fulfil certain criteria, such as development of complex 3D environments using patients' cells and ability to test different drugs in order to assess personalized MM treatment efficacy of various regimens and combinations. We selected models representing the top-notch ex vivo platforms and evaluated them in terms of cost, time-span, and feasibility of the method. Finally, we propose where such a model can be more informative in a patient's treatment timeline. Overall, advanced 3D preclinical models are very promising as they may eventually offer the opportunity to precisely select the optimal personalized treatment for each MM patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (E.T.); Tel.: +30-210-7274929 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2846 (E.T.); Fax: +30-210-7274635 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2511 (E.T.)
| | - Anastasia Tsopanidou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Orologas-Stavrou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (E.T.); Tel.: +30-210-7274929 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2846 (E.T.); Fax: +30-210-7274635 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2511 (E.T.)
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55
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Calar K, Plesselova S, Bhattacharya S, Jorgensen M, de la Puente P. Human Plasma-Derived 3D Cultures Model Breast Cancer Treatment Responses and Predict Clinically Effective Drug Treatment Concentrations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071722. [PMID: 32610529 PMCID: PMC7407241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of efficacy and a low overall success rate of phase I-II clinical trials are the most common failures when it comes to advancing cancer treatment. Current drug sensitivity screenings present several challenges including differences in cell growth rates, the inconsistent use of drug metrics, and the lack of translatability. Here, we present a patient-derived 3D culture model to overcome these limitations in breast cancer (BCa). The human plasma-derived 3D culture model (HuP3D) utilizes patient plasma as the matrix, where BCa cell lines and primary BCa biopsies were grown and screened for drug treatments. Several drug metrics were evaluated from relative cell count and growth rate curves. Correlations between HuP3D metrics, established preclinical models, and clinical effective concentrations in patients were determined. HuP3D efficiently supported the growth and expansion of BCa cell lines and primary breast cancer tumors as both organoids and single cells. Significant and strong correlations between clinical effective concentrations in patients were found for eight out of ten metrics for HuP3D, while a very poor positive correlation and a moderate correlation was found for 2D models and other 3D models, respectively. HuP3D is a feasible and efficacious platform for supporting the growth and expansion of BCa, allowing high-throughput drug screening and predicting clinically effective therapies better than current preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Simona Plesselova
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Somshuvra Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Megan Jorgensen
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
- MD/PhD Program, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Flow Cytometry Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-605-312-6042
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56
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Bhattacharya S, Calar K, de la Puente P. Mimicking tumor hypoxia and tumor-immune interactions employing three-dimensional in vitro models. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:75. [PMID: 32357910 PMCID: PMC7195738 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly complex and not entirely understood. These complex configurations lead to the generation of oxygen-deprived conditions within the tumor niche, which modulate several intrinsic TME elements to promote immunosuppressive outcomes. Decoding these communications is necessary for designing effective therapeutic strategies that can effectively reduce tumor-associated chemotherapy resistance by employing the inherent potential of the immune system.While classic two-dimensional in vitro research models reveal critical hypoxia-driven biochemical cues, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models more accurately replicate the TME-immune manifestations. In this study, we review various 3D cell culture models currently being utilized to foster an oxygen-deprived TME, those that assess the dynamics associated with TME-immune cell penetrability within the tumor-like spatial structure, and discuss state of the art 3D systems that attempt recreating hypoxia-driven TME-immune outcomes. We also highlight the importance of integrating various hallmarks, which collectively might influence the functionality of these 3D models.This review strives to supplement perspectives to the quickly-evolving discipline that endeavors to mimic tumor hypoxia and tumor-immune interactions using 3D in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somshuvra Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th Street N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th Street N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th Street N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
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57
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Hoffman MM, Zylla JS, Bhattacharya S, Calar K, Hartman TW, Bhardwaj RD, Miskimins WK, de la Puente P, Gnimpieba EZ, Messerli SM. Analysis of Dual Class I Histone Deacetylase and Lysine Demethylase Inhibitor Domatinostat (4SC-202) on Growth and Cellular and Genomic Landscape of Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030756. [PMID: 32210076 PMCID: PMC7140080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are rare and aggressive tumors with a very poor prognosis. Current treatments for ATRT include resection of the tumor, followed by systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which have toxic side effects for young children. Gene expression analyses of human ATRTs and normal brain samples indicate that ATRTs have aberrant expression of epigenetic markers including class I histone deacetylases (HDAC’s) and lysine demethylase (LSD1). Here, we investigate the effect of a small molecule epigenetic modulator known as Domatinostat (4SC-202), which inhibits both class I HDAC’s and Lysine Demethylase (LSD1), on ATRT cell survival and single cell heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that 4SC-202 is both cytotoxic and cytostatic to ATRT in 2D and 3D scaffold cell culture models and may target cancer stem cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from ATRT-06 spheroids treated with 4SC-202 have a reduced population of cells overexpressing stem cell-related genes, including SOX2. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence on 3D ATRT-06 scaffold models support these results suggesting that 4SC-202 reduces expression of cancer stem cell markers SOX2, CD133, and FOXM1. Drug-induced changes to the systems biology landscape are also explored by multi-omics enrichment analyses. In summary, our data indicate that 4SC-202 has both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on ATRT, targets specific cell sub-populations, including those with cancer stem-like features, and is an important potential cancer therapeutic to be investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah M. Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Jessica S. Zylla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
| | | | - Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA (P.P.)
| | - Timothy W. Hartman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
| | - Ratan D. Bhardwaj
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA (P.P.)
| | - W. Keith Miskimins
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA (P.P.)
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA (P.P.)
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Etienne Z. Gnimpieba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Shanta M. Messerli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA (P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-508-364-1181
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58
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Targeting CD47 as a Novel Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020305. [PMID: 32012878 PMCID: PMC7072283 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains to be incurable despite recent therapeutic advances. CD47, an immune checkpoint known as the "don't eat me" signal, is highly expressed on the surface of various cancers, allowing cancer cells to send inhibitory signals to macrophages and impede phagocytosis and immune response. In this study, we hypothesized that blocking the "don't eat me" signaling using an anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody will induce killing of MM cells. We report that CD47 expression was directly correlated with stage of the disease, from normal to MGUS to MM. Moreover, MM cells had remarkably higher CD47 expression than other cell populations in the bone marrow. These findings indicate that CD47 is specifically expressed on MM and can be used as a potential therapeutic target. Further, blocking of CD47 using an anti-CD47 antibody induced immediate activation of macrophages, which resulted in induction of phagocytosis and killing of MM cells in the 3D-tissue engineered bone marrow model, as early as 4 hours. These results suggest that macrophage checkpoint immunotherapy by blocking the CD47 "don't eat me" signal is a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of MM, providing a basis for additional studies to validate these effects in vivo and in patients.
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Tavakol DN, Tratwal J, Bonini F, Genta M, Campos V, Burch P, Hoehnel S, Béduer A, Alessandrini M, Naveiras O, Braschler T. Injectable, scalable 3D tissue-engineered model of marrow hematopoiesis. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119665. [PMID: 31881380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Modeling the interaction between the supportive stroma and the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) is of high interest in the regeneration of the bone marrow niche in blood disorders. In this work, we present an injectable co-culture system to study this interaction in a coherent in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation model. We assemble a 3D hematopoietic niche in vitro by co-culture of supportive OP9 mesenchymal cells and HSPCs in porous, chemically defined collagen-coated carboxymethylcellulose microscaffolds (CCMs). Flow cytometry and hematopoietic colony forming assays demonstrate the stromal supportive capacity for in vitro hematopoiesis in the absence of exogenous cytokines. After in vitro culture, we recover a paste-like living injectable niche biomaterial from CCM co-cultures by controlled, partial dehydration. Cell viability and the association between stroma and HSPCs are maintained in this process. After subcutaneous injection of this living artificial niche in vivo, we find maintenance of stromal and hematopoietic populations over 12 weeks in immunodeficient mice. Indeed, vascularization is enhanced in the presence of HSPCs. Our approach provides a minimalistic, scalable, biomimetic in vitro model of hematopoiesis in a microcarrier format that preserves the HSPC progenitor function, while being injectable in vivo without disrupting the cell-cell interactions established in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Naveed Tavakol
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research & Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research & Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Bonini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Genta
- Laboratory of Microsystems Engineering 4, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasco Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research & Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Burch
- Volumina-Medical SA, Route de la Corniche 5, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sylke Hoehnel
- Sun Bioscience, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Béduer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Volumina-Medical SA, Route de la Corniche 5, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research & Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Hematology Service, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Braschler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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60
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Dozio SM, Montesi M, Campodoni E, Sandri M, Piattelli A, Tampieri A, Panseri S. Differences in osteogenic induction of human mesenchymal stem cells between a tailored 3D hybrid scaffold and a 2D standard culture. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:136. [PMID: 31802234 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many medical-related scientific discoveries arise from trial-error patterns where the processes involved must be refined and modified continuously before any product could be able to reach the final costumers. One of the elements affecting negatively these processes is the inaccuracy of two-dimension (2D) standard culture systems, carried over in plastic plates or similar, in replicating complex environments and patterns. Consequently, animal tests are required to validate every in vitro finding, at the expenses of more funds and ethical issues. A possible solution relies in the implementation of three-dimension (3D) culture systems as a fitting gear between the 2D tests and in vivo tests, aiming to reduce the negative in vivo outcomes. These 3D structures are depending from the comprehension of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the ability to replicate it in vitro. In this article a comparison of efficacies between these two culture systems was taken as subject, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was utilized and a hybrid scaffold made by a blend of chitosan, gelatin and biomineralized gelatin was used for the 3D culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele M Dozio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, ISTEC-CNR, Faenza, Italy.
- Scuola Superiore "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, ISTEC-CNR, Faenza, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Campodoni
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, ISTEC-CNR, Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, ISTEC-CNR, Faenza, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Scuola Superiore "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, ISTEC-CNR, Faenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, ISTEC-CNR, Faenza, Italy
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61
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Ham J, Lever L, Fox M, Reagan MR. In Vitro 3D Cultures to Reproduce the Bone Marrow Niche. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10228. [PMID: 31687654 PMCID: PMC6820578 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, the study of biological processes in the human body has progressed from tissue culture on glass plates to complex 3D models of tissues, organs, and body systems. These dynamic 3D systems have allowed for more accurate recapitulation of human physiology and pathology, which has yielded a platform for disease study with a greater capacity to understand pathophysiology and to assess pharmaceutical treatments. Specifically, by increasing the accuracy with which the microenvironments of disease processes are modeled, the clinical manifestation of disease has been more accurately reproduced in vitro. The application of these models is crucial in all realms of medicine, but they find particular utility in diseases related to the complex bone marrow niche. Osteoblast, osteoclasts, bone marrow adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and red and white blood cells represent some of cells that call the bone marrow microenvironment home. During states of malignant marrow disease, neoplastic cells migrate to and join this niche. These cancer cells both exploit and alter the niche to their benefit and to the patient's detriment. Malignant disease of the bone marrow, both primary and secondary, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality today. Innovative study methods are necessary to improve patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the evolution of 3D models and compare them to the preceding 2D models. With a specific focus on malignant bone marrow disease, we examine 3D models currently in use, their observed efficacy, and their potential in developing improved treatments and eventual cures. Finally, we comment on the aspects of 3D models that must be critically examined as systems continue to be optimized so that they can exert greater clinical impact in the future. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Ham
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Lauren Lever
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Maura Fox
- University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringOronoMEUSA,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityBostonMAUSA
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62
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Bray LJ, Hutmacher DW, Bock N. Addressing Patient Specificity in the Engineering of Tumor Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:217. [PMID: 31572718 PMCID: PMC6751285 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is challenged by the heterogeneous nature of cancer, where prognosis depends on tumor type and disease stage, as well as previous treatments. Optimal patient stratification is critical for the development and validation of effective treatments, yet pre-clinical model systems are lacking in the delivery of effective individualized platforms that reflect distinct patient-specific clinical situations. Advances in cancer cell biology, biofabrication, and microengineering technologies have led to the development of more complex in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models to act as drug testing platforms and to elucidate novel cancer mechanisms. Mostly, these strategies have enabled researchers to account for the tumor microenvironment context including tumor-stroma interactions, a key factor of heterogeneity that affects both progression and therapeutic resistance. This is aided by state-of-the-art biomaterials and tissue engineering technologies, coupled with reproducible and high-throughput platforms that enable modeling of relevant physical and chemical factors. Yet, the translation of these models and technologies has been impaired by neglecting to incorporate patient-derived cells or tissues, and largely focusing on immortalized cell lines instead, contributing to drug failure rates. While this is a necessary step to establish and validate new models, a paradigm shift is needed to enable the systematic inclusion of patient-derived materials in the design and use of such models. In this review, we first present an overview of the components responsible for heterogeneity in different tumor microenvironments. Next, we introduce the state-of-the-art of current in vitro 3D cancer models employing patient-derived materials in traditional scaffold-free approaches, followed by novel bioengineered scaffold-based approaches, and further supported by dynamic systems such as bioreactors, microfluidics, and tumor-on-a-chip devices. We critically discuss the challenges and clinical prospects of models that have succeeded in providing clinical relevance and impact, and present emerging concepts of novel cancer model systems that are addressing patient specificity, the next frontier to be tackled by the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Bray
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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63
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Muz B, Azab F, Fiala M, King J, Kohnen D, Fogler WE, Smith T, Magnani JL, Vij R, Azab AK. Inhibition of E-Selectin (GMI-1271) or E-selectin together with CXCR4 (GMI-1359) re-sensitizes multiple myeloma to therapy. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:68. [PMID: 31431613 PMCID: PMC6702213 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Fiala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin King
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Kohnen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ted Smith
- GlycoMimetics Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Ravi Vij
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Chowdury MA, Heileman KL, Moore TA, Young EWK. Biomicrofluidic Systems for Hematologic Cancer Research and Clinical Applications. SLAS Technol 2019; 24:457-476. [PMID: 31173533 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319846878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A persistent challenge in developing personalized treatments for hematologic cancers is the lack of patient specific, physiologically relevant disease models to test investigational drugs in clinical trials and to select therapies in a clinical setting. Biomicrofluidic systems and organ-on-a-chip technologies have the potential to change how researchers approach the fundamental study of hematologic cancers and select clinical treatment for individual patient. Here, we review microfluidics cell-based technology with application toward studying hematologic tumor microenvironments (TMEs) for the purpose of drug discovery and clinical treatment selection. We provide an overview of state-of-the-art microfluidic systems designed to address questions related to hematologic TMEs and drug development. Given the need to develop personalized treatment platforms involving this technology, we review pharmaceutical drugs and different modes of immunotherapy for hematologic cancers, followed by key considerations for developing a physiologically relevant microfluidic companion diagnostic tool for mimicking different hematologic TMEs for testing with different drugs in clinical trials. Opportunities lie ahead for engineers to revolutionize conventional drug discovery strategies of hematologic cancers, including integrating cell-based microfluidics technology with machine learning and automation techniques, which may stimulate pharma and regulatory bodies to promote research and applications of microfluidics technology for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosfera A Chowdury
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khalil L Heileman
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas A Moore
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kint N, Vlayen S, Delforge M. The treatment of multiple myeloma in an era of precision medicine. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2019.1606672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kint
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vlayen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Delforge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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66
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Braham MVJ, Alblas J, Dhert WJA, Öner FC, Minnema MC. Possibilities and limitations of an in vitro three-dimensional bone marrow model for the prediction of clinical responses in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2019; 104:e523-e526. [PMID: 31004023 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.213355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wouter J A Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University
| | - F Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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67
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Immunotherapeutics in Multiple Myeloma: How Can Translational Mouse Models Help? JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2186494. [PMID: 31093282 PMCID: PMC6481018 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2186494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is usually diagnosed in older adults at the time of immunosenescence, a collection of age-related changes in the immune system that contribute to increased susceptibility to infection and cancer. The MM tumor microenvironment and cumulative chemotherapies also add to defects in immunity over the course of disease. In this review we discuss how mouse models have furthered our understanding of the immune defects caused by MM and enabled immunotherapeutics to progress to clinical trials, but also question the validity of using immunodeficient models for these purposes. Immunocompetent models, in particular the 5T series and Vk⁎MYC models, are increasingly being utilized in preclinical studies and are adding to our knowledge of not only the adaptive immune system but also how the innate system might be enhanced in anti-MM activity. Finally we discuss the concept of immune profiling to target patients who might benefit the most from immunotherapeutics, and the use of humanized mice and 3D culture systems for personalized medicine.
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68
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Efficacy of Surface-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles as a Function of Cervical Cancer Type. Pharm Res 2019; 36:66. [PMID: 30868271 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypovascularization of cervical tumors, coupled with intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, has contributed to marginal therapeutic outcomes by hindering chemotherapeutic transport and efficacy. Recently, the heterogeneous penetration and distribution of cell penetrating peptide (CPP, here MPG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated as a function of tumor type and morphology in cervical cancer spheroids modeling hypovascularized tumor nodules. Building upon this work, this study investigates the efficacy imparted by surface-modified Doxorubicin-loaded NPs transported into hypovascularized tissue. METHODS NP efficacy was measured in HeLa, CaSki, and SiHa cells. NP internalization and association, and associated cell viability, were determined in monolayer and spheroid models. RESULTS MPG and PEG-NP co-treatment was most efficacious in HeLa cells, while PEG NPs were most efficacious in CaSki cells. NP surface-modifications were unable to improve efficacy, relative to unmodified NPs, in SiHa cells. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the dependence of efficacy on tumor type and the associated microenvironment. The results further relate previous NP transport studies to efficacy, as a function of surface-modification and cell type. Longer-term, this information may help guide the design of NP-mediated strategies to maximize efficacy based on patient-specific cervical tumor origin and characteristics.
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69
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Chen H, Zhong J, Wang J, Huang R, Qiao X, Wang H, Tan Z. Enhanced growth and differentiation of myoblast cells grown on E-jet 3D printed platforms. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:937-950. [PMID: 30787608 PMCID: PMC6366362 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle tissue engineering often involves the prefabrication of muscle tissues in vitro by differentiation and maturation of muscle precursor cells on a platform which provides an environment that facilitates the myogenic differentiation of the seeded cells. METHODS Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) 3D printed scaffolds, which simulate the highly complex structure of extracellular matrix (ECM), were fabricated by E-jet 3D printing in this study. The scaffolds were used as platforms, providing environment that aids in growth, differentiation and other properties of C2C12 myoblast cells. RESULTS The C2C12 myoblast cells grown on the PLGA 3D printed platforms had enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, the platforms were able to induce myogenic differentiation of the myoblast cells by promoting the formation of myotubes and up-regulating the expressions of myogenic genes (MyHC and MyOG). CONCLUSION The fabricated 3D printed platforms have excellent biocompatibility, thereby can potentially be used as functional cell culture platforms in skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Chen
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,
| | - Juchang Zhong
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,
| | - Ruiying Huang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,
| | - Xiaoyin Qiao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,
| | - Honghui Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,
| | - Zhikai Tan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,
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70
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Chramiec A, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Tissue engineered models of healthy and malignant human bone marrow. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:78-92. [PMID: 31002835 PMCID: PMC6663611 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is becoming increasingly successful in providing in vitro models of human tissues that can be used for ex vivo recapitulation of functional tissues as well as predictive testing of drug efficacy and safety. From simple tissue models to microphysiological platforms comprising multiple tissue types connected by vascular perfusion, these "tissues on a chip" are emerging as a fast track application for tissue engineering, with great potential for modeling diseases and supporting the development of new drugs and therapeutic targets. We focus here on tissue engineering of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment and the malignancies that can develop in the human bone marrow. Our overall goal is to demonstrate the utility and interconnectedness of improvements in bioengineering methods developed in one area of bone marrow studies for the remaining, seemingly disparate, bone marrow fields.
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71
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Muz B, Buggio M, Azab F, de la Puente P, Fiala M, Padval MV, Weaver DT, Pachter JA, Vij R, Azab AK. PYK2/FAK inhibitors reverse hypoxia-induced drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2019; 104:e310-e313. [PMID: 30655367 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.194688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maurizio Buggio
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Fiala
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ravi Vij
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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72
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Chen Z, He S, Zilberberg J, Lee W. Pumpless platform for high-throughput dynamic multicellular culture and chemosensitivity evaluation. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:254-261. [PMID: 30547180 PMCID: PMC6333476 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report here a novel pumpless, 96-well plate-based platform for high-throughput dynamic multicellular culture and chemosensitivity evaluation. A gravity-driven flow strategy was developed to generate and sustain the flow rate of culture medium within 10% in the platform's 20 culture chambers. The ability of the platform to generate and sustain the medium flow was demonstrated by computational simulation, flow visualization, and ascertaining the previously known effect of flow-induced shear stress on the stimulated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. The high-throughput utility of the platform was demonstrated by in situ cell staining and high content screening of chemosensitivity assays of multiple myeloma and osteoblast co-cultures. Endpoint characterization and data analyses for all 20 culture chambers required less than 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA.
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73
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Braham MV, Deshantri AK, Minnema MC, Öner FC, Schiffelers RM, Fens MH, Alblas J. Liposomal drug delivery in an in vitro 3D bone marrow model for multiple myeloma. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8105-8118. [PMID: 30555229 PMCID: PMC6278842 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liposomal drug delivery can improve the therapeutic index of treatments for multiple myeloma. However, an appropriate 3D model for the in vitro evaluation of liposomal drug delivery is lacking. In this study, we applied a previously developed 3D bone marrow (BM) myeloma model to examine liposomal drug therapy. Material and methods Liposomes of different sizes (~75-200 nm) were tested in a 3D BM myeloma model, based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and myeloma cells cocultured in hydrogel. The behavior and efficacy of liposomal drug therapy was investigated, evaluating the feasibility of testing liposomal drug delivery in 3D in vitro. Intracellular uptake of untargeted and integrin α4β1 (very late antigen-4) targeted liposomes was compared in myeloma and supporting cells, as well as the effectivity of free and liposome-encapsulated chemotherapy (bortezomib, doxorubicin). Either cocultured myeloma cell lines or primary CD138+ myeloma cells received the treatments. Results Liposomes (~75-110 nm) passively diffused throughout the heterogeneously porous (~80-850 nm) 3D hydrogel model after insertion. Cellular uptake of liposomes was observed and was increased by targeting very late antigen-4. Liposomal bortezomib and doxorubicin showed increased cytotoxic effects toward myeloma cells compared with the free drugs, using either a cell line or primary myeloma cells. Cytotoxicity toward supporting BM cells was reduced using liposomes. Conclusion The 3D model allows the study of liposome-encapsulated molecules on multiple myeloma and supporting BM cells, looking at cellular targeting, and general efficacy of the given therapy. The advantages of liposomal drug delivery were demonstrated in a primary myeloma model, enabling the study of patient-to-patient responses to potential drugs and treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Vj Braham
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
| | - Anil K Deshantri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Limited, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Ham Fens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
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Loaiza S, Ferreira SA, Chinn TM, Kirby A, Tsolaki E, Dondi C, Parzych K, Strange AP, Bozec L, Bertazzo S, Hedegaard MAB, Gentleman E, Auner HW. An engineered, quantifiable in vitro model for analysing the effect of proteostasis-targeting drugs on tissue physical properties. Biomaterials 2018; 183:102-113. [PMID: 30153561 PMCID: PMC6145445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellular function depends on the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) by regulated protein degradation. Chronic dysregulation of proteostasis is associated with neurodegenerative and age-related diseases, and drugs targeting components of the protein degradation apparatus are increasingly used in cancer therapies. However, as chronic imbalances rather than loss of function mediate their pathogenesis, research models that allow for the study of the complex effects of drugs on tissue properties in proteostasis-associated diseases are almost completely lacking. Here, to determine the functional effects of impaired proteostatic fine-tuning, we applied a combination of materials science characterisation techniques to a cell-derived, in vitro model of bone-like tissue formation in which we pharmacologically perturbed protein degradation. We show that low-level inhibition of VCP/p97 and the proteasome, two major components of the degradation machinery, have remarkably different effects on the bone-like material that human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) form in vitro. Specifically, whilst proteasome inhibition mildly enhances tissue formation, Raman spectroscopic, atomic force microscopy-based indentation, and electron microscopy imaging reveal that VCP/p97 inhibition induces the formation of bone-like tissue that is softer, contains less protein, appears to have more crystalline mineral, and may involve aberrant micro- and ultra-structural tissue organisation. These observations contrast with findings from conventional osteogenic assays that failed to identify any effect on mineralisation. Taken together, these data suggest that mild proteostatic impairment in hMSC alters the bone-like material they form in ways that could explain some pathologies associated with VCP/p97-related diseases. They also demonstrate the utility of quantitative materials science approaches for tackling long-standing questions in biology and medicine, and could form the basis for preclinical drug testing platforms to develop therapies for diseases stemming from perturbed proteostasis or for cancer therapies targeting protein degradation. Our findings may also have important implications for the field of tissue engineering, as the manufacture of cell-derived biomaterial scaffolds may need to consider proteostasis to effectively replicate native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Loaiza
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Silvia A Ferreira
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tamara M Chinn
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alex Kirby
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Camilla Dondi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Parzych
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adam P Strange
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, UK; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Martin A B Hedegaard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Holger W Auner
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
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75
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Tsai CW, Wang JH, Young TH. Core/shell multicellular spheroids on chitosan as in vitro 3D coculture tumor models. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S651-S660. [PMID: 30311795 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1505744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An ideal in vitro drug screening model is important for the drug development. In addition to monoculture systems, 3 dimensional (3D) coculture systems are extensively used to simulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment as cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions within the tumor tissues can be mimicked. In this study, in vitro 3D suspension coculture multicellular spheroids with core/shell cell distribution were developed on chitosan-coated surfaces. Based on the characteristic of chitosan inhibiting cell adhesion, SW620 (colon cancer cell line), 3A6 (mesenchymal stem-like cell line) and Hs68 (foreskin fibroblast line) cells could aggregate to form 3D coculture spheroids with intimate cell contacts. When cells were cocultured on chitosan, 3A6 and Hs68 cells always located in the core of spheroids and were completely enveloped by SW620 cells due to their N-cadherin protein expression following the differential adhesion hypothesis. The core cells could be the feeder layers to stimulate the shell SW620 cells to enhance their mitochondria activity. Moreover, 3D coculture core/shell multicellular spheroids could enhance the resistance of SW620 cells against the cytotoxicity effect of chemotherapy drugs. To sum up, based on the specificity of the core/shell coculture multicellular spheroids, a novel in vitro tumor model was proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Tsai
- a Institute of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wang
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- a Institute of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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76
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Constitutive Activation of STAT3 in Myeloma Cells Cultured in a Three-Dimensional, Reconstructed Bone Marrow Model. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060206. [PMID: 29914181 PMCID: PMC6024941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells cultured in three-dimensional (3D) models have been found to be phenotypically and biochemically different from their counterparts cultured conventionally. Since most of these studies employed solid tumor types, how 3D culture affects multiple myeloma (MM) cells is not well understood. Here, we compared MM cells (U266 and RPMI8226) in a 3D culture model with those in conventional culture. While the conventionally cultured cells were present in single cells or small clusters, MM-3D cells grew in large spheroids. We discovered that STAT3 was the pathway that was more activated in 3D in both cell lines. The active form of STAT3 (phospho-STAT3 or pSTAT3), which was absent in MM cells cultured conventionally, became detectable after 1–2 days in 3D culture. This elevated pSTAT3 level was dependent on the 3D environment, since it disappeared after transferring to conventional culture. STAT3 inhibition using a pharmacological agent, Stattic, significantly decreased the cell viability of MM cells and sensitized them to bortezomib in 3D culture. Using an oligonucleotide array, we found that 3D culture significantly increased the expression of several known STAT3 downstream genes implicated in oncogenesis. Since most primary MM tumors are naturally STAT3-active, studies of MM in 3D culture can generate results that are more representative of the disease.
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77
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Wei X, Calvo-Vidal MN, Chen S, Wu G, Revuelta MV, Sun J, Zhang J, Walsh MF, Nichols KE, Joseph V, Snyder C, Vachon CM, McKay JD, Wang SP, Jayabalan DS, Jacobs LM, Becirovic D, Waller RG, Artomov M, Viale A, Patel J, Phillip J, Chen-Kiang S, Curtin K, Salama M, Atanackovic D, Niesvizky R, Landgren O, Slager SL, Godley LA, Churpek J, Garber JE, Anderson KC, Daly MJ, Roeder RG, Dumontet C, Lynch HT, Mullighan CG, Camp NJ, Offit K, Klein RJ, Yu H, Cerchietti L, Lipkin SM. Germline Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 ( LSD1/KDM1A) Mutations Confer Susceptibility to Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2747-2759. [PMID: 29559475 PMCID: PMC5955848 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Given the frequent and largely incurable occurrence of multiple myeloma, identification of germline genetic mutations that predispose cells to multiple myeloma may provide insight into disease etiology and the developmental mechanisms of its cell of origin, the plasma cell (PC). Here, we identified familial and early-onset multiple myeloma kindreds with truncating mutations in lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A), an epigenetic transcriptional repressor that primarily demethylates histone H3 on lysine 4 and regulates hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. In addition, we found higher rates of germline truncating and predicted deleterious missense KDM1A mutations in patients with multiple myeloma unselected for family history compared with controls. Both monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma cells have significantly lower KDM1A transcript levels compared with normal PCs. Transcriptome analysis of multiple myeloma cells from KDM1A mutation carriers shows enrichment of pathways and MYC target genes previously associated with myeloma pathogenesis. In mice, antigen challenge followed by pharmacologic inhibition of KDM1A promoted PC expansion, enhanced secondary immune response, elicited appearance of serum paraprotein, and mediated upregulation of MYC transcriptional targets. These changes are consistent with the development of MGUS. Collectively, our findings show that KDM1A is the first autosomal-dominant multiple myeloma germline predisposition gene providing new insights into its mechanistic roles as a tumor suppressor during post-germinal center B-cell differentiation.Significance: KDM1A is the first germline autosomal dominant predisposition gene identified in multiple myeloma and provides new insights into multiple myeloma etiology and the mechanistic role of KDM1A as a tumor suppressor during post-germinal center B-cell differentiation. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2747-59. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Wei
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Gang Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Maria V Revuelta
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Kim E Nichols
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mykyta Artomov
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Agnes Viale
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Jude Phillip
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruben Niesvizky
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ola Landgren
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
| | | | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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78
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Braham MV, Ahlfeld T, Akkineni AR, Minnema MC, Dhert WJ, Öner FC, Robin C, Lode A, Gelinsky M, Alblas J. Endosteal and Perivascular Subniches in a 3D Bone Marrow Model for Multiple Myeloma. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:300-312. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike V.J. Braham
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Rahul Akkineni
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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79
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Qiao H, Tang T. Engineering 3D approaches to model the dynamic microenvironments of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 29507817 PMCID: PMC5826951 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis to bone is a three-dimensional (3D), multistep, dynamic process that requires the sequential involvement of three microenvironments, namely, the primary tumour microenvironment, the circulation microenvironment and the bone microenvironment. Engineered 3D approaches allow for a vivid recapitulation of in vivo cancerous microenvironments in vitro, in which the biological behaviours of cancer cells can be assessed under different metastatic conditions. Therefore, modelling bone metastasis microenvironments with 3D cultures is imperative for advancing cancer research and anti-cancer treatment strategies. In this review, multicellular tumour spheroids and bioreactors, tissue engineering constructs and scaffolds, microfluidic systems and 3D bioprinting technology are discussed to explore the progression of the 3D engineering approaches used to model the three microenvironments of bone metastasis. We aim to provide new insights into cancer biology and advance the translation of new therapies for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
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80
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Jakubikova J, Cholujova D, Hideshima T, Gronesova P, Soltysova A, Harada T, Joo J, Kong SY, Szalat RE, Richardson PG, Munshi NC, Dorfman DM, Anderson KC. A novel 3D mesenchymal stem cell model of the multiple myeloma bone marrow niche: biologic and clinical applications. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77326-77341. [PMID: 27764795 PMCID: PMC5357212 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific niches within the tumor bone marrow (BM) microenvironment afford a sanctuary for multiple myeloma (MM) clones due to stromal cell-tumor cell interactions, which confer survival advantage and drug resistance. Defining the sequelae of tumor cell interactions within the MM niches on an individualized basis may provide the rationale for personalized therapies. To mimic the MM niche, we here describe a new 3D co-culture ex-vivo model in which primary MM patient BM cells are co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a hydrogel 3D system. In the 3D model, MSC with conserved phenotype (CD73+CD90+CD105+) formed compact clusters with active fibrous connections, and retained lineage differentiation capacity. Extracellular matrix molecules, integrins, and niche related molecules including N-cadherin and CXCL12 are expressed in 3D MSC model. Furthermore, activation of osteogenesis (MMP13, SPP1, ADAMTS4, and MGP genes) and osteoblastogenic differentiation was confirmed in 3D MSC model. Co-culture of patient-derived BM mononuclear cells with either autologous or allogeneic MSC in 3D model increased proliferation of MM cells, CXCR4 expression, and SP cells. We carried out immune profiling to show that distribution of immune cell subsets was similar in 3D and 2D MSC model systems. Importantly, resistance to novel agents (IMiDs, bortezomib, carfilzomib) and conventional agents (doxorubicin, dexamethasone, melphalan) was observed in 3D MSC system, reflective of clinical resistance. This 3D MSC model may therefore allow for studies of MM pathogenesis and drug resistance within the BM niche. Importantly, ongoing prospective trials are evaluating its utility to inform personalized targeted and immune therapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakubikova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Danka Cholujova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulina Gronesova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Soltysova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Translational Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Raphael E Szalat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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81
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Braham MVJ, Minnema MC, Aarts T, Sebestyen Z, Straetemans T, Vyborova A, Kuball J, Öner FC, Robin C, Alblas J. Cellular immunotherapy on primary multiple myeloma expanded in a 3D bone marrow niche model. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1434465. [PMID: 29872571 PMCID: PMC5980416 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1434465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow niches support multiple myeloma, providing signals and cell-cell interactions essential for disease progression. A 3D bone marrow niche model was developed, in which supportive multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic derivatives were co-cultured with endothelial progenitor cells. These co-cultured cells formed networks within the 3D culture, facilitating the survival and proliferation of primary CD138+ myeloma cells for up to 28 days. During this culture, no genetic drift was observed within the genomic profile of the primary myeloma cells, indicating a stable outgrowth of the cultured CD138+ population. The 3D bone marrow niche model enabled testing of a novel class of engineered immune cells, so called TEGs (αβT cells engineered to express a defined γδTCR) on primary myeloma cells. TEGs were engineered and tested from both healthy donors and myeloma patients. The added TEGs were capable of migrating through the 3D culture, exerting a killing response towards the primary myeloma cells in 6 out of 8 donor samples after both 24 and 48 hours. Such a killing response was not observed when adding mock transduced T cells. No differences were observed comparing allogeneic and autologous therapy. The supporting stromal microenvironment was unaffected in all conditions after 48 hours. When adding TEG therapy, the 3D model surpassed 2D models in many aspects by enabling analyses of specific homing, and both on- and off-target effects, preparing the ground for the clinical testing of TEGs. The model allows studying novel immunotherapies, therapy resistance mechanisms and possible side-effects for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike V. J. Braham
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Aarts
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Vyborova
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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82
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Sitarski AM, Fairfield H, Falank C, Reagan MR. 3d Tissue Engineered In Vitro Models Of Cancer In Bone. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:324-336. [PMID: 29756030 PMCID: PMC5945209 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological models are necessary tools for gaining insight into underlying mechanisms governing complex pathologies such as cancer in the bone. Models range from in vitro tissue culture systems to in vivo models and can be used with corresponding epidemiological and clinical data to understand disease etiology, progression, driver mutations, and signaling pathways. In bone cancer, as with many other cancers, in vivo models are often too complex to study specific cell-cell interactions or protein roles, and 2D models are often too simple to accurately represent disease processes. Consequently, researchers have increasingly turned to 3D in vitro tissue engineered models as a useful compromise. In this review, tissue engineered 3D models of bone and cancer are described in depth and compared to 2D models. Biomaterials and cell types used are described, and future directions in the field of tissue engineered bone cancer models are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Sitarski
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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83
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Gabbott CM, Sun T. Comparison of Human Dermal Fibroblasts and HaCat Cells Cultured in Medium with or without Serum via a Generic Tissue Engineering Research Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020388. [PMID: 29382087 PMCID: PMC5855610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A generic research platform with 2-dimensional (2D) cell culture technology, a 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro tissue model, and a scaled-down cell culture and imaging system in between, was utilized to address the problematic issues associated with the use of serum in skin tissue engineering. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and immortalized keratinocytes (HaCat cells) mono- or co-cultured in serum or serum-free medium were compared and analyzed via the platform. It was demonstrated that serum depletion had significant influence on the attachment of HaCat cells onto tissue culture plastic (TCP), porous substrates and cellulosic scaffolds, which was further enhanced by the pre-seeded HDFs. The complex structures formed by the HDFs colonized within the porous substrates and scaffolds not only prevented the seeded HaCat cells from filtering through the open pores, but also acted as cellular substrates for HaCat cells to attach onto. When mono-cultured on TCP, both HDFs and HaCat cells were less proliferative in medium without serum than with serum. However, both cell types were successfully co-cultured in 2D using serum-free medium if the initial cell seeding density was higher than 80,000 cells/cm2 (with 1:1 ratio). Based on the results from 2D cultures, co-culture of both cell types on modular substrates with small open pores (125 μm) and cellulosic scaffolds with open pores of varying sizes (50–300 µm) were then conducted successfully in serum-free medium. This study demonstrated that the generic research platform had great potential for in-depth understanding of HDFs and HaCat cells cultivated in serum-free medium, which could inform the processes for manufacturing skin cells or tissues for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Michael Gabbott
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Tao Sun
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
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84
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Breslin S, O'Driscoll L. The relevance of using 3D cell cultures, in addition to 2D monolayer cultures, when evaluating breast cancer drug sensitivity and resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45745-45756. [PMID: 27304190 PMCID: PMC5216757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours naturally grow in 3D wherein the spatial arrangement of cells affects how they interact with each other. This suggests that 3D cell culture may mimic the natural in vivo setting better than traditional monolayer (2D) cell culture, where cells are grown attached to plastic. Here, using HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines as models (BT474, HCC1954, EFM192A), the effects of culturing cells in 3D using the poly-HEMA method compared to 2D cultures were assessed in terms of cellular viability, response/resistance to anti-cancer drugs, protein expression and enzyme activity. Scanning electron microscopy showed the morphology of cells in 3D to be substantially different to those cultured in 2D. Cell viability in 3D cells was substantially lower than that of cells in 2D cultures, while 3D cultures were more resistant to the effects of HER-targeted (neratinib) and classical chemotherapy (docetaxel) drugs. Expression of proteins involved in cell survival, transporters associated with drug resistance and drug targets were increased in 3D cultures. Finally, activity of drug metabolising enzyme CYP3A4 was substantially increased in 3D compared to 2D cultures. Together this data indicates that the biological information represented by 3D and 2D cell cultures is substantially different i.e. 3D cell cultures demonstrate higher innate resistance to anti-cancer drugs compared to 2D cultures, which may be facilitated by the altered receptor proteins, drug transporters and metabolising enzyme activity. This highlights the importance of considering 3D in addition to 2D culture methods in pre-clinical studies of both newer targeted and more traditional anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Breslin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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85
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de la Puente P, Luderer MJ, Federico C, Jin A, Gilson RC, Egbulefu C, Alhallak K, Shah S, Muz B, Sun J, King J, Kohnen D, Salama NN, Achilefu S, Vij R, Azab AK. Enhancing proteasome-inhibitory activity and specificity of bortezomib by CD38 targeted nanoparticles in multiple myeloma. J Control Release 2017; 270:158-176. [PMID: 29196043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of more effective treatments that can circumvent chemoresistance in Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a priority. Although bortezomib (BTZ) is one of the most potent proteasome inhibitors available, still possesses limitations related to dose limiting side effects. Several strategies have been developed to improve the delivery of chemotherapies to MM by targeting different moieties expressed on MM cells to nanoparticle delivery systems (NPs), which have failed mainly due to their heterogeneous expression on these cells. Our goal was to test CD38 targeted chitosan NPs as novel targeting moiety for MM to improve the potency and efficacy of BTZ in MM cells and reduce the side effects in healthy tissue. We have showed preferential BTZ release in tumor-microenvironment, specific binding to MM cells, and an improved drug cellular uptake through BTZ diffusion from the surface and endocytosed NPs, which translated in enhanced proteasome inhibition and robust cytotoxic effect on MM cells when BTZ was administered through anti-CD38 chitosan NPs. Furthermore, the anti-CD38 chitosan NPs specifically delivered therapeutic agents to MM cells improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects in vivo. The anti-CD38 chitosan NPs showed low toxicity profile allowing enhancement of proteasome-inhibitory activity and specificity of BTZ by endocytosis-mediated uptake of CD38 representing a promising therapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Micah J Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Cinzia Federico
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Abbey Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca C Gilson
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Christopher Egbulefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Kinan Alhallak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Justin King
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, USA
| | - Daniel Kohnen
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, USA
| | - Noha Nabil Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Ravi Vij
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA.
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86
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Shen Y, Sun Y, Zhang L, Liu H. Effects of DTX3L on the cell proliferation, adhesion, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317703941. [PMID: 28653881 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317703941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance is an important factor that influences the effects of chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. DTX3L, a ubiquitin ligase, plays a key role in cell-cycle-related process. Here, we found that the expression of DTX3L gradually increased during the proliferation of myeloma cells, which resulted in arrest of the cell cycle in the G1 phase and promoted the adherence of myeloma cells to fibronectin or bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, silencing of DTX3L improved sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs in multiple myeloma cell lines adherent to bone marrow stromal cells and increased the expression of caspase-3 and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase, two markers of apoptosis. Finally, we also found that DTX3L expression was regulated by focal adhesion kinase. Taken together, the results of this study show that DTX3L plays an important role in the proliferation and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells and as such may play a key role in the development of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Shen
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- 2 Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.,2 Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
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87
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Abstract
Capon is a ligand protein of nitric oxide synthase 1. Recently, studies have shown that Capon is involved in the development of tumors. It is independent of the regulation of nitric oxide synthase 1 in this process. At the same time, studies have found that nitric oxide synthase 1 is expressed in multiple myeloma, but its role in the development and progression of myeloma remains unclear. In this study, we found that there was a different expression of Capon between the normal multiple myeloma cells and the adherent multiple myeloma cells. In the process of myeloma cell proliferation, the reduced expression of Capon reduces the arrest of the cell cycle in the G1 phase and promotes the proliferation of myeloma cells. Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance is one of the most important factors, which affect the chemotherapy effect of multiple myeloma. If the expression of Capon is decreased, myeloma cells are adhered to fibronectin or bone marrow stromal cells (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). In addition, the sensitivity of the cell line to chemotherapeutic agents was reduced after silencing Capon in the myeloma cell line which was adhered to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We also found that reduced expression of Capon resulted in the activation of the AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results may be helpful in studying the role of Capon in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Shen
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Gu
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Wei
- 2 Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
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88
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The specialized microenvironments of lymphoid tissue affect immune cell function and progression of disease. However, current animal models are low throughput and a large number of human diseases are difficult to model in animals. Animal models are less amenable to manipulation of tissue niche components, signalling pathways, epigenetics, and genome editing than ex vivo models. On the other hand, conventional 2D cultures lack the physiological relevance to study precise microenvironmental interactions. Thus, artificial tissues are being developed to study these interactions in the context of immune development, function, and disease. RECENT FINDINGS New bone marrow and lymph node models have been created to, respectively, study microenvironmental interactions in hematopoiesis and germinal center-like biology. These models have also been extended to understand the effect of these interactions on the progression and therapeutic response in leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. SUMMARY 3D in-vitro immune models have elucidated new cellular, biochemical, and biophysical interactions as potential regulatory mechanisms, therapeutic targets, or biomarkers that previously could not be studied in animal models and conventional 2D cultures. Incorporation of advanced biomaterials, microfluidics, genome editing, and single-cell analysis tools will enable further studies of function, driver mutations, and tumor heterogeneity. Continual refinement will help inform the development of antibody and cell-based immunotherapeutics and patient-specific treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivem B. Shah
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Graduate Field Faculty of Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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89
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Zhao L, Zhao J, Yu J, Sun R, Zhang X, Hu S. In vivo investigation of tissue-engineered periosteum for the repair of allogeneic critical size bone defects in rabbits. Regen Med 2017. [PMID: 28621175 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP) in repairing allogenic bone defects in the long term. Materials & methods: TEP was biofabricated with osteoinduced rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS). A total of 24 critical sized defects were created bilaterally in radii of 12 New Zealand White rabbits. TEP/SIS was implanted into the defect site. Bone defect repair was evaluated with radiographic and histological examination at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Results: Bone defects were structurally reconstructed in the TEP group with mature cortical bone and medullary canals, however this was not observed in the SIS group at 12 weeks. Conclusion: The TEP approach can effectively restore allogenic critical sized defects, and achieve maturity of long-bone structure in 12 weeks in rabbit models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Orthopaedic Department, Jinshan Branch of the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai ZhouPu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- Orthopaedic Institute, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Orthopaedic Institute, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Orthopaedic Department, Jinshan Branch of the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Shuhua Hu
- Orthopaedic Department, Jinshan Branch of the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201500, China
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90
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Ding L, Shen Y, Ni J, Ou Y, Ou Y, Liu H. EphA4 promotes cell proliferation and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance via the AKT pathway in multiple myeloma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694298. [PMID: 28351297 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor A4 (EphA4), a member of the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) family, has been reported to upregulate in several tumors. However, the role of EphA4 in multiple myeloma has not been clarified yet. In this study, we found that EphA4 promoted proliferation of multiple myeloma cells via the regulation of cell cycle. Besides, EphA4 was closely related to cell adhesion of multiple myeloma cells and promoted cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance by enhancing the phosphorylation levels of Akt (p-AKT) expression in multiple myeloma. More interestingly, we discovered that EphA4 can interact with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and regulate its expression in multiple myeloma. CDK5 has been reported to be overexpressed in multiple myeloma which mediated bortezomib resistance and also participated in AKT pathway. And we have also proved the fact. So, we supposed that EphA4 interacted with CDK5 and promoted its expression which in turn enhanced p-AKT expression and promoted cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Therefore, this study clarifies the molecular mechanism of cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance and may be useful in identifying potential target for treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Ding
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Shen
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ni
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Ou
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyu Ou
- 2 Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
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91
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de la Puente P, Azab AK. Nanoparticle delivery systems, general approaches, and their implementation in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:529-541. [PMID: 28208215 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that remains incurable, with relapse rates >90%. The main limiting factor for the effective use of chemotherapies in MM is the serious side effects caused by these drugs. The emphasis in cancer treatment has shifted from cytotoxic, non-specific chemotherapies to molecularly targeted and rationally designed therapies showing greater efficacy and fewer side effects. Traditional chemotherapy has shown several disadvantages such as lack of targeting capabilities, systemic toxicity, and side effects; low therapeutic index, as well as most anticancer drugs, has poor water solubility. Nanoparticle delivery systems (NPs) are capable of targeting large doses of chemotherapies into the target area while sparing healthy tissues, overcoming the limitations of traditional chemotherapy. Here, we review the current state of the art in nanoparticle-based strategies designed to treat MM. Many nanoparticle delivery systems have been studied for myeloma using non-targeted NPs (liposomes, polymeric NPs, and inorganic NPs), triggered NPs, as well as targeted NPs (VLA-4, ABC drug transporters, bone microenvironment targeting). The results in preclinical and clinical studies are promising; however, there remains much to be learned in the emerging field of nanomedicine in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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92
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93
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Tissue-engineered 3D cancer-in-bone modeling: silk and PUR protocols. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:842. [PMID: 27790370 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancers that metastasize or grow in the bone marrow are typically considered incurable and cause extensive damage to the bone and bone marrow. The bone is a complex, dynamic, three-dimensional (3D) environment composed of a plethora of cells that may contribute to, or constrain, the growth of tumor cells and development of bone disease. The development of safe and effective drugs is currently hampered by pre-clinical two-dimensional (2D) models whose poor predictive power does not accurately predict the success or failure of therapeutics. These inadequate models often result in drugs proceeding through extensive pre-clinical studies only to fail clinically. Consistently, 3D co-culture systems prove superior to 2D mono-cultures in modeling in vivo cell phenotypes, disease progression and response to therapeutics. As a complex, multicellular, multidimensional bone microenvironment, 3D models allow for more accurate predictions of tumor growth, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and resulting therapeutic responses. In this review we will discuss various 3D models available and describe step-by-step protocols for two of the most well-established 3D culture models for studying tumor-induced bone disease.
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94
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Ordikhani F, Erdem Arslan M, Marcelo R, Sahin I, Grigsby P, Schwarz JK, Azab AK. Drug Delivery Approaches for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:E23. [PMID: 27447664 PMCID: PMC5039442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a highly prevalent cancer that affects women around the world. With the availability of new technologies, researchers have increased their efforts to develop new drug delivery systems in cervical cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we summarized some of the recent research in systematic and localized drug delivery systems and compared the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
| | - Mustafa Erdem Arslan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
| | - Raymundo Marcelo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Perry Grigsby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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95
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Liu H, Ding L, Shen Y, Zhong F, Wang Q, Xu X. RBQ3 participates in multiple myeloma cell proliferation, adhesion and chemoresistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:115-22. [PMID: 27189701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) is a major factor that impedes the effect of chemotherapy in multiple myeloma (MM). RBQ3, which is a RB-binding protein, played a crucial role in cell cycle process. Here, we reported that RBQ3 expression was increased gradually during the proliferation process of myeloma cells. Knocking down of RBQ3 resulted in cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and increased myeloma cells adherent to fibronectin or bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, silencing of RBQ3 reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in myeloma cell lines adherent to BMSCs and reduced two apoptotic marker proteins cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP expression. Besides, we also found that RBQ3 participated in MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway. In summary, these results may shed new insights into the role of RBQ3 in the development of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Ding
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiru Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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96
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de la Puente P, Quan N, Hoo RS, Muz B, Gilson RC, Luderer M, King J, Achilefu S, Salama NN, Vij R, Azab AK. Newly established myeloma-derived stromal cell line MSP-1 supports multiple myeloma proliferation, migration, and adhesion and induces drug resistance more than normal-derived stroma. Haematologica 2016; 101:e307-11. [PMID: 27081175 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.142190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Nancy Quan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Soo Hoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca C Gilson
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Micah Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Justin King
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Noha Nabil Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ravi Vij
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
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97
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de la Puente P, Azab AK. 3D tissue-engineered bone marrow: what does this mean for the treatment of multiple myeloma? Future Oncol 2016; 12:1545-7. [PMID: 27333447 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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98
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de la Puente P, Muz B, Jin A, Azab F, Luderer M, Salama NN, Azab AK. MEK inhibitor, TAK-733 reduces proliferation, affects cell cycle and apoptosis, and synergizes with other targeted therapies in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e399. [PMID: 26918363 PMCID: PMC4771970 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - B Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - F Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - N N Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, MO, Egypt
| | - A K Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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