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Liu X, Song D, Yin Y, Xie C, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Yuan Y. Altered Brain Entropy as a predictor of antidepressant response in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:716-721. [PMID: 31563070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the alterations and value of brain entropy (BEN) in major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS 85 MDD patients and 45 matched normal controls were recruited. MDD was diagnosed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed (DSM-IV). Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Hamilton depression scale-24 (HAMD-24) at baseline and follow-up (after 8-week treatment). All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans at baseline, and 30 MDD patients completed scans at 8th week. Whole brain BEN maps at each session was calculated using the BEN mapping toolbox. RESULTS The 8-week antidepressant treatment improved symptoms for all MDD patients. As compared to normal controls, MDD showed reduced BEN in medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC)/subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC), but increased BEN in motor cortex (MC). In MDD patients, higher baseline BEN in MOFC/sgACC and lower baseline BEN in temporal cortex (TC) were associated with higher baseline HAMD scores; higher baseline BEN in MOFC/sgACC and hippocampus were associated with greater reduction of HAMD scores after 8-week medication; greater reduction of HAMD scores after 8-week medication was correlated with greater BEN reduction in MOFC/sgACC but were correlated with less BEN reduction in MC, TC, fusiform gyrus (FG) and visual cortex (VC). CONCLUSION The results highlighted MOFC/sgACC BEN as a potential marker for the prediction of MDD diagnosis and treatment effect. MDD might have increased MOFC/sgACC BEN but reduced BEN in visual and sensory-motor circuits corresponding to the imbalanced emotional and sensory-motor information processing. Reversing this unbalanced BEN would improve disease conditions in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghui Song
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Neurology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Departments of Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Departments of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Serafini RA, Pryce KD, Zachariou V. The Mesolimbic Dopamine System in Chronic Pain and Associated Affective Comorbidities. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:64-73. [PMID: 31806085 PMCID: PMC6954000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by sensory, cognitive, and affective symptoms. Over the past 2 decades, researchers have made significant progress toward understanding the impact of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry in acute and chronic pain. These efforts have provided insights into the circuits and intracellular pathways in the brain reward center that are implicated in sensory and affective manifestations of chronic pain. Studies have also identified novel therapeutic targets as well as factors that affect treatment responsiveness. Dysregulation of dopamine function in the brain reward center may further promote comorbid mood disorders and vulnerability to addiction. This review discusses recent clinical and preclinical findings on the neuroanatomical and neurochemical adaptations triggered by prolonged pain states in the brain reward pathway. Furthermore, this discussion highlights evidence of mechanisms underlying comorbidities among pain, depression, and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal A Serafini
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kerri D Pryce
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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53
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Yang S, Wu M, Ajilore O, Lamar M, Kumar A. Impaired biophysical integrity of macromolecular protein pools in the uncinate circuit in late-life depression. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1844-1855. [PMID: 29880885 PMCID: PMC8806152 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common mood disorder in the elderly. Although the neuroanatomical abnormalities have been identified in patients with late-life depression (LLD), the precise biological basis of LLD remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the biophysical integrity of macromolecular protein pools in the nodal regions of the "uncinate circuit," a component of fronto-limbic circuitry that is connected by the uncinate fasciculus and is critical in the regulation of mood and emotions, using novel magnetization transfer (MT) imaging. Twenty-four patients with LLD and 27 non-depressed healthy control subjects (HCs) of comparable age, sex, and race were recruited from the communities of the greater Chicago Area. The nodal regions of the uncinate circuit, i.e., bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortices (OFCs), were examined. Compared with HCs, patients with LLD had significantly lower magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), a measure of the biophysical integrity of macromolecular protein pools, in bilateral amygdala and hippocampus. The lower MTR was negatively correlated with the depression score. Moreover, the MTR of these regions decreased with age and positively correlated with neuropsychological performance in the LLD group but not in the HC group. These findings suggest that LLD is associated with compromised biophysical integrity of macromolecular protein pools in nodal regions of the uncinate circuit, and that major depression may accentuate age-related attenuation of the biophysical integrity of macromolecular protein pools in this circuit. These findings provide important new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of the pathophysiology of LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA.
| | - Minjie Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA.
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Scheele D, Zimbal S, Feinstein JS, Delis A, Neumann C, Mielacher C, Philipsen A, Hurlemann R. Treatment-Resistant Depression and Ketamine Response in a Patient With Bilateral Amygdala Damage. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:982-986. [PMID: 31787017 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Scheele
- Division of Medical Psychology (Scheele, Zimbal, Mielacher, Hurlemann), Department of Anesthesiology (Delis, Neumann), and Department of Psychiatry (Philipsen, Hurlemann), University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Feinstein); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany (Hurlemann)
| | - Sophia Zimbal
- Division of Medical Psychology (Scheele, Zimbal, Mielacher, Hurlemann), Department of Anesthesiology (Delis, Neumann), and Department of Psychiatry (Philipsen, Hurlemann), University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Feinstein); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany (Hurlemann)
| | - Justin S Feinstein
- Division of Medical Psychology (Scheele, Zimbal, Mielacher, Hurlemann), Department of Anesthesiology (Delis, Neumann), and Department of Psychiatry (Philipsen, Hurlemann), University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Feinstein); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany (Hurlemann)
| | - Achilles Delis
- Division of Medical Psychology (Scheele, Zimbal, Mielacher, Hurlemann), Department of Anesthesiology (Delis, Neumann), and Department of Psychiatry (Philipsen, Hurlemann), University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Feinstein); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany (Hurlemann)
| | - Claudia Neumann
- Division of Medical Psychology (Scheele, Zimbal, Mielacher, Hurlemann), Department of Anesthesiology (Delis, Neumann), and Department of Psychiatry (Philipsen, Hurlemann), University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Feinstein); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany (Hurlemann)
| | - Clemens Mielacher
- Division of Medical Psychology (Scheele, Zimbal, Mielacher, Hurlemann), Department of Anesthesiology (Delis, Neumann), and Department of Psychiatry (Philipsen, Hurlemann), University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Feinstein); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany (Hurlemann)
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Division of Medical Psychology (Scheele, Zimbal, Mielacher, Hurlemann), Department of Anesthesiology (Delis, Neumann), and Department of Psychiatry (Philipsen, Hurlemann), University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Feinstein); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany (Hurlemann)
| | - René Hurlemann
- Division of Medical Psychology (Scheele, Zimbal, Mielacher, Hurlemann), Department of Anesthesiology (Delis, Neumann), and Department of Psychiatry (Philipsen, Hurlemann), University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Feinstein); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oldenburg Medical Campus, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany (Hurlemann)
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Folloni D, Sallet J, Khrapitchev AA, Sibson N, Verhagen L, Mars RB. Dichotomous organization of amygdala/temporal-prefrontal bundles in both humans and monkeys. eLife 2019; 8:e47175. [PMID: 31689177 PMCID: PMC6831033 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of anterior temporal structures, and especially the amygdala, with the prefrontal cortex are pivotal to learning, decision-making, and socio-emotional regulation. A clear anatomical description of the organization and dissociation of fiber bundles linking anterior temporal cortex/amygdala and prefrontal cortex in humans is still lacking. Using diffusion imaging techniques, we reconstructed fiber bundles between these anatomical regions in human and macaque brains. First, by studying macaques, we assessed which aspects of connectivity known from tracer studies could be identified with diffusion imaging. Second, by comparing diffusion imaging results in humans and macaques, we estimated the patterns of fibers coursing between human amygdala and prefrontal cortex and compared them with those in the monkey. In posterior prefrontal cortex, we observed a prominent and well-preserved bifurcation of bundles into primarily two fiber systems-an amygdalofugal path and an uncinate path-in both species. This dissociation fades away in more rostral prefrontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN),Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB),Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN),Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB),Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN),Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB),Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB),Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
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56
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McKlveen JM, Moloney RD, Scheimann JR, Myers B, Herman JP. "Braking" the Prefrontal Cortex: The Role of Glucocorticoids and Interneurons in Stress Adaptation and Pathology. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:669-681. [PMID: 31326084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives information regarding stimuli and appropriately orchestrates neurophysiological, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. The cellular and neurochemical heterogeneity of the mPFC and its projections are key to fine-tuning of stress responses and adaptation. Output of the mPFC is mediated by glutamatergic pyramidal neurons whose activity is coordinated by an intricate network of interneurons. Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the mPFC is critical for appropriate responsiveness to stress, and E/I imbalance occurs in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders that co-occur with chronic stress. Moreover, there is mounting data suggesting that chronic stress may precipitate E/I imbalance. This review will provide information regarding the cellular and anatomical makeup of the mPFC and discuss the impact of acute and chronic stress in adulthood and early life on interneuron function, with implications for E/I balance affecting functional connectivity. Specifically, the review will highlight the importance of interneuron type, connectivity, and location (both layer- and subregion-specific). The discussion of local mPFC networks will focus on stress context, including stressor duration (acute vs. chronic) and timing (early life vs. adulthood), as these factors have significant implications for the interpretation of experiments and mPFC E/I balance. Indeed, interneurons appear to play a prominent role in prefrontal adaptation, and a better understanding of the interactions between stress and interneuron function may yield insight to the transition from adaptation to pathology. Ultimately, determining the mechanisms mediating adaptive versus pathologic plasticity will promote the development of novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders related to prefrontal E/I imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M McKlveen
- National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel D Moloney
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jessie R Scheimann
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brent Myers
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James P Herman
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Hyperactive frontolimbic and frontocentral resting-state gamma connectivity in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:74-82. [PMID: 31299407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a system-level disorder affecting multiple functionally integrated cerebral networks. Nevertheless, their temporospatial organization and potential disturbance remain mostly unknown. The present report tested the hypothesis that deficient temporospatial network organization separates MDD and healthy controls (HC), and is linked to symptom severity of the disorder. METHODS Eyes-closed resting-state magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings were obtained from twenty-two MDD and twenty-two HC subjects. Beamforming source localization and functional connectivity analysis were applied to identify frequency-specific network interactions. Then, a novel virtual cortical resection approach was used to pinpoint putatively critical network controllers, accounting for aberrant cerebral connectivity patterns in MDD. RESULTS We found significantly elevated frontolimbic and frontocentral connectivity mediated by gamma (30-48 Hz) activity in MDD versus HC, and the right amygdala was the key differential network controller accounting for aberrant cerebral connectivity patterns in MDD. Furthermore, this frontolimbic and frontocentral gamma-band hyper-connectivity was positively correlated with depression severity. LIMITATIONS The overall sample size was small, and we found significant effects in the deep limbic regions with resting-state MEG, the reliability of which was difficult to corroborate further. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings support a notion that the right amygdala critically controls the exaggerated gamma-band frontolimbic and frontocentral connectivity in MDD during the resting-state condition, which potentially constitutes pre-established aberrant pathways during task processing and contributes to MDD pathology.
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58
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Farber MJ, Kim MJ, Knodt AR, Hariri AR. Maternal overprotection in childhood is associated with amygdala reactivity and structural connectivity in adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 40:100711. [PMID: 31629936 PMCID: PMC6961964 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that variability in early-life caregiving experiences maps onto individual differences in threat-related brain function. Here, we extend this work to provide further evidence that subtle variability in specific features of early caregiving shapes structural and functional connectivity between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in a cohort of 312 young adult volunteers. Multiple regression analyses revealed that participants who reported higher maternal overprotection exhibited increased amygdala reactivity to explicit signals of interpersonal threat but not implicit signals of broad environmental threat. While amygdala functional connectivity with regulatory regions of the mPFC was not significantly associated with maternal overprotection, participants who reported higher maternal overprotection exhibited relatively decreased structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus (UF), a white matter tract connecting these same brain regions. There were no significant associations between structural or functional brain measures and either maternal or paternal care ratings. These findings suggest that an overprotective maternal parenting style during childhood is associated with later functional and structural alterations of brain regions involved in generating and regulating responses to threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Farber
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, United States.
| | - M Justin Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, United States
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, United States
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59
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Yu H, Meng YJ, Li XJ, Zhang C, Liang S, Li ML, Li Z, Guo W, Wang Q, Deng W, Ma X, Coid J, Li T. Common and distinct patterns of grey matter alterations in borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder: voxel-based meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 215:395-403. [PMID: 30846010 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder are the same or different disorders lacks consistency.AimsTo detect whether grey matter volume (GMV) and grey matter density (GMD) alterations show any similarities or differences between BPD and bipolar disorder. METHOD Web-based publication databases were searched to conduct a meta-analysis of all voxel-based studies that compared BPD or bipolar disorder with healthy controls. We included 13 BPD studies (395 patients with BPD and 415 healthy controls) and 47 bipolar disorder studies (2111 patients with bipolar disorder and 3261 healthy controls). Peak coordinates from clusters with significant group differences were extracted. Effect-size signed differential mapping meta-analysis was performed to analyse peak coordinates of clusters and thresholds (P < 0.005, uncorrected). Conjunction analyses identified regions in which disorders showed common patterns of volumetric alteration. Correlation analyses were also performed. RESULTS Patients with BPD showed decreased GMV and GMD in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex network (mPFC), bilateral amygdala and right parahippocampal gyrus; patients with bipolar disorder showed decreased GMV and GMD in the bilateral medial orbital frontal cortex (mOFC), right insula and right thalamus, and increased GMV and GMD in the right putamen. Multi-modal analysis indicated smaller volumes in both disorders in clusters in the right medial orbital frontal cortex. Decreased bilateral mPFC in BPD was partly mediated by patient age. Increased GMV and GMD of the right putamen was positively correlated with Young Mania Rating Scale scores in bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS Our results show different patterns of GMV and GMD alteration and do not support the hypothesis that bipolar disorder and BPD are on the same affective spectrum.Declaration of interestNone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Associate Researcher,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Ya-Jing Meng
- Associate Researcher,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Associate Researcher,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Associate Researcher,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Sugai Liang
- Associate Researcher,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Zhe Li
- Lecturer,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Lecturer,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Lecturer,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Wei Deng
- Lecturer,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Researcher,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Jeremy Coid
- Researcher,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Tao Li
- Researcher,Mental Health Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital of Sichuan University;and Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
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60
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Zhu J, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhao W, Zhu DM, Yu Y. Abnormal coupling among spontaneous brain activity metrics and cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 252:74-83. [PMID: 30981059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of functional metrics derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have been employed to explore spontaneous brain activity changes in major depressive disorder (MDD) and have enjoyed significant success in unraveling the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this disorder. However, it is unclear whether spatial and temporal coupling relationships among these rs-fMRI metrics are altered in MDD. METHODS 50 patients with MDD and 36 well-matched healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI scans. A dynamic analysis was applied to compute multiple frequently used metrics including fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, degree centrality and global signal connectivity. Kendall's W was used to calculate volume-wise (across voxels) and voxel-wise (across time windows) concordance among these metrics. Inter-group differences in the concordance and their associations with clinical and cognitive variables were tested. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients with MDD showed decreased whole gray matter volume-wise concordance. Despite similar spatial distributions, quantitative comparison analysis revealed that MDD patients exhibited reduced voxel-wise concordance in multiple cortical and subcortical regions. Moreover, the lower concordance was associated with worse performances in prospective memory and sustained attention in the MDD group. LIMITATIONS The study design of fairly modest sample size did not allow us to perform a full analysis of the potential effects of medication and illness duration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that spatial and temporal decoupling of multiple resting-state brain activity metrics may help elucidate the neural mechanisms of cognitive deficits in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dao-Min Zhu
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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VanTieghem MR, Tottenham N. Neurobiological Programming of Early Life Stress: Functional Development of Amygdala-Prefrontal Circuitry and Vulnerability for Stress-Related Psychopathology. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 38:117-136. [PMID: 28439771 PMCID: PMC5940575 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early adverse experiences are associated with heighted vulnerability for stress-related psychopathology across the lifespan. While extensive work has investigated the effects of early adversity on neurobiology in adulthood, developmental approaches can provide further insight on the neurobiological mechanisms that link early experiences and long-term mental health outcomes. In the current review, we discuss the role of emotion regulation circuitry implicated in stress-related psychopathology from a developmental and transdiagnostic perspective. We highlight converging evidence suggesting that multiple forms of early adverse experiences impact the functional development of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry. Next, we discuss how adversity-induced alterations in amygdala-prefrontal development are associated with symptoms of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology. Additionally, we discuss potential mechanisms through which protective factors may buffer the effects of early adversity on amygdala-prefrontal development to confer more adaptive long-term outcomes. Finally, we consider limitations of the existing literature and make suggestions for future longitudinal and translational research that can better elucidate the mechanisms linking early adversity, neurobiology, and emotional phenotypes. Together, these findings may provide further insight into the neuro-developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of adversity-related emotional disorders and facilitate the development of targeted interventions that can ameliorate risk for psychopathology in youth exposed to early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R VanTieghem
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1990 Amsterdam Ave, MC 5501, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1990 Amsterdam Ave, MC 5501, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Feng K, Shen CY, Ma XY, Chen GF, Zhang ML, Xu B, Liu XM, Sun JJ, Zhang XQ, Liu PZ, Ju Y. Effects of music therapy on major depressive disorder: A study of prefrontal hemodynamic functions using fNIRS. Psychiatry Res 2019; 275:86-93. [PMID: 30884335 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent, chronic mental illness. While music therapy has been established as an effective treatment for MDD patients, the effects of this therapy on brain function remain unclear. This research employed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to explore the effects of music therapy on brain activity in mild or moderate MDD patients and to illustrate the potential mechanism of music therapy. Methods: Fifteen MDD patients and fifteen healthy controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological evaluations and NIRS measurements. All participants were treated with continuous music therapy for 10 days. Subsequently, all individuals were evaluated with neuropsychological assessments and NIRS measurements again. Results: The verbal fluency task (VFT) performances of the participants yielded significantly higher scores after music therapy in terms of vegetables, four-footed animals and fruit blocks. After the music treatment, the NIRS data showed that the mean active oxy-Hb values of channels 21, 23, 19, and 41 were significantly increased in both the MDD and HC groups. The MDD group showed significant activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) after music therapy. The results indicate that music therapy could improve the brain function of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | - Chen-Yu Shen
- YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | - Xiang-Yun Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Fang Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Lu Zhang
- Bruce Copen Laboratories (Since 1947) GmbH & Co. KG Meisenweg 19a 82152 Krailling, Germany
| | - Bo Xu
- YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | - Po-Zi Liu
- YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China.
| | - Ya Ju
- Bruce Copen Laboratories (Since 1947) GmbH & Co. KG Meisenweg 19a 82152 Krailling, Germany.
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63
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Milak MS, Potter WA, Pantazatos SP, Keilp JG, Zanderigo F, Schain M, Sublette ME, Oquendo MA, Malone KM, Brandenburg H, Parsey RV, Mann JJ. Resting regional brain activity correlates of verbal learning deficit in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:96-103. [PMID: 30580237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory deficits are reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). Prefrontal cortical and mesiotemporal cortical (MTC)/subcortical regions are involved in the Buschke Selective Reminding Task (SRT), a verbal list-learning task. To determine whether depression-related changes in resting brain metabolism explain (in part) the deficits in SRT performance found in MDD, statistical correlation maps were calculated between SRT total recall score (TR) and relative regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglu), measured by [18F]-flourodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), in unmedicated, depressed MDD patients (N = 29). Subsequently, to explore hypothesized loss of top-down control in MDD, we compared the correlations between rCMRglu of SRT-relevant regions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and amygdala in a larger cohort of MDD (N = 60; 29 inclusive) versus healthy controls (HC) (N = 43). SRT performance of patients is on average 0.5 standard deviation below published normative mean. TR and rCMRglu positively correlate in bilateral dorsomedial PFC, dlPFC, dorsal anterior cingulate; negatively correlate in bilateral MTC/subcortical regions, and cerebellum. rCMRglu in dlPFC correlates negatively with that in amygdala in HC but not in MDD. Depression-related changes present in FDG-PET measured resting brain activity may be in part responsible for memory deficit found in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Milak
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - W Antonio Potter
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Spiro P Pantazatos
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - John G Keilp
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Schain
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin M Malone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly Brandenburg
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Goldstein JM, Hale T, Foster SL, Tobet SA, Handa RJ. Sex differences in major depression and comorbidity of cardiometabolic disorders: impact of prenatal stress and immune exposures. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:59-70. [PMID: 30030541 PMCID: PMC6235859 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder topped ischemic heart disease as the number one cause of disability worldwide in 2012, and women have twice the risk of men. Further, the comorbidity of depression and cardiometabolic disorders will be one of the primary causes of disability worldwide by 2020, with women at twice the risk. Thus, understanding the sex-dependent comorbidities has public health consequences worldwide. We propose here that sex differences in MDD-cardiometabolic comorbidity originate, in part, from pathogenic processes initiated in fetal development that involve sex differences in shared pathophysiology between the brain, the vascular system, the CNS control of the heart and associated hormonal, immune, and metabolic physiology. Pathways implicate neurotrophic and angiogenic growth factors, gonadal hormone receptors, and neurotransmitters such as gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) on neuronal and vascular development of HPA axis regions, such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in addition to blood pressure, in part through the renin-angiotensin system, and insulin and glucose metabolism. We show that the same prenatal exposures have consequences for sex differences across multiple organ systems that, in part, share common pathophysiology. Thus, we believe that applying a sex differences lens to understanding shared biologic substrates underlying these comorbidities will provide novel insights into the development of sex-dependent therapeutics. Further, taking a lifespan perspective beginning in fetal development provides the opportunity to target abnormalities early in the natural history of these disorders in a sex-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, 02120, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Taben Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Science, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Simmie L Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart A Tobet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Robert J Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Science, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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65
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Heym N, Heasman BC, Hunter K, Blanco SR, Wang GY, Siegert R, Cleare A, Gibson GR, Kumari V, Sumich AL. The role of microbiota and inflammation in self-judgement and empathy: implications for understanding the brain-gut-microbiome axis in depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1459-1470. [PMID: 30955108 PMCID: PMC6598942 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The gut-brain axis includes bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. have been implicated in psychological health, such as depression, through various pathways (e.g. inflammation). Research needs a better understanding of direct and indirect effects through examination of psychological factors that make people susceptible to, or offer protection against, depression. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationships between gut microbiota, inflammation and psychological risk and resilience factors for depression. METHODS Forty participants (13 m/27 f) recruited from the general population completed self-report questionnaires for depression, self-judgement, over-identification and affective and cognitive empathy. Faecal and blood samples were taken to assay microbiota (Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus spp.) and pro-inflammatory molecules (C-reactive protein, CRP and interleukin-6, IL-6), respectively. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analyses (controlling for sex, age and the shared variance of risk and resilience factors) showed that (i) cognitive depression was significantly predicted by negative self-judgement and reduced cognitive empathy; (ii) abundance of Lactobacillus spp. was directly related to positive self-judgement but only indirectly to cognitive depression and lower affective empathy (both through self-judgement); and (iii) CRP was the strongest predictor of reduced cognitive empathy, with suppression effects seen for age (negative) and IL-6 (positive) after controlling for CRP. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that lactobacilli and inflammation may be differentially associated with mood disorder via brain mechanisms underpinning self-judgement and cognitive empathy, respectively. Further trials investigating interventions to increase Lactobacillus spp. in depression would benefit from direct measures of self-judgement and affective empathic distress, whilst those that aim to reduce inflammation should investigate cognitive empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Heym
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
| | - B C Heasman
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - K Hunter
- Division of Sports Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - S R Blanco
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - G Y Wang
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Siegert
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Cleare
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G R Gibson
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - V Kumari
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - A L Sumich
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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66
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Liu H, Ding L, Zhang H, Mellor D, Wu H, Zhao D, Wu C, Lin Z, Yuan J, Peng D. The Metabolic Factor Kynurenic Acid of Kynurenine Pathway Predicts Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:552. [PMID: 30510519 PMCID: PMC6252326 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic factors in the kynurenine pathway (KP) have been widely accepted as being a major mechanism in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, the effects of these metabolites on the degree and pattern of MDD are still poorly understood, partly due to the elusiveness of the level of metabolites when diagnosing depression. This study aimed to explore a novel diagnostic method analyzing peripheral blood with mass spectrometry to assess metabolites from KP in patients with MDD and Bipolar Depression (BD). Methods: Thirty-three patients with MDD, 20 patients with BD, and 23 healthy control participants were enrolled Metabolic factors of KP from plasma including tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) were analyzed by UPLC-3Q-MS, and levels compared across three groups. Correlation between HAMD scores and metabolite levels conducted. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic value of metabolic factors in MDD. Results: Levels of KYNA, QUIN, KYNA/QUIN, and KYNA/KYN were statistically different across the three groups (P < 0.05); HAMD scores and TRP, KYN, KYNA/QUIN levels were negatively correlated in the MDD group (r = -0.633, -0.477, -0.418, P < 0.05); Accuracy of KYNA diagnosing MDD was 82.5% with the optimal diagnostic value being 15.48 ng/ml. Diagnostic accuracy was increased to 83.6% when KYNA and QUIN levels were used in combination. Conclusion: This results indicate that metabolic factors of KP play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of MDD, supporting the metabolic imbalance hypothesis of MDD. Furthermore, our study also provides a new diagnostic method to study MDD based on plasma KYNA level, and suggests that KYNA would be a potential biomarker in diagnosing depression patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Mellor
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangxin Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojian Yuan
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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67
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Zhang L, Wu H, Xu J, Shang J. Abnormal Global Functional Connectivity Patterns in Medication-Free Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:692. [PMID: 30356761 PMCID: PMC6189368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting studies have applied resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to study major depressive disorder (MDD) and have identified abnormal functional activities. However, how the global functional connectivity patterns change in MDD is still unknown. Using rs-fMRI, we investigated the alterations of global resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns in MDD using weighted global brain connectivity (wGBC) method. First, a whole brain voxel-wise wGBC map was calculated for 23 MDD patients and 34 healthy controls. Two-sample t-tests were applied to compare the wGBC and RSFC maps and the significant level was set at p < 0.05, cluster-level correction with voxel-level p < 0.001. MDD patients showed significantly decreased wGBC in left temporal pole (TP) and increased wGBC in right parahippocampus (PHC). Subsequent RSFC analyses showed decreased functional interaction between TP and right posterior superior temporal cortex and increased functional interaction between PHC and right inferior frontal gyrus in MDD patients. These results revealed the abnormal global FC patterns and its corresponding disrupted functional connectivity in MDD. Our findings present new evidence for the functional interruption in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Lab of Learning Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Hui'ai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junjie Shang
- Lab of Learning Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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68
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Rouault M, Seow T, Gillan CM, Fleming SM. Psychiatric Symptom Dimensions Are Associated With Dissociable Shifts in Metacognition but Not Task Performance. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:443-451. [PMID: 29458997 PMCID: PMC6117452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distortions in metacognition-the ability to reflect on and control other cognitive processes-are thought to be characteristic of poor mental health. However, it remains unknown whether such shifts in self-evaluation are due to specific alterations in metacognition and/or a downstream consequence of changes in decision-making processes. METHODS Using perceptual decision making as a model system, we employed a computational psychiatry approach to relate parameters governing both decision formation and metacognitive evaluation to self-reported transdiagnostic symptom dimensions in a large general population sample (N = 995). RESULTS Variability in psychopathology was unrelated to either speed or accuracy of decision formation. In contrast, leveraging a dimensional approach, we revealed independent relationships between psychopathology and metacognition: a symptom dimension related to anxiety and depression was associated with lower confidence and heightened metacognitive efficiency, whereas a dimension characterizing compulsive behavior and intrusive thoughts was associated with higher confidence and lower metacognitive efficiency. Furthermore, we obtained a robust double dissociation-whereas psychiatric symptoms predicted changes in metacognition but not decision performance, age predicted changes in decision performance but not metacognition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a specific and pervasive link between metacognition and mental health. Our study bridges a gap between an emerging neuroscience of decision making and an understanding of metacognitive alterations in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rouault
- Wellcome Trust Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tricia Seow
- Wellcome Trust Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire M Gillan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen M Fleming
- Wellcome Trust Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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69
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Impaired visual, working, and verbal memory in first-episode, drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196023. [PMID: 29684091 PMCID: PMC5912727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains unclear whether the deficits in specific cognitive domains are present in first-episode, drug-naïve patients or medicated patients. In the present study, using the CogState battery (CSB) Chinese language version, we evaluated the visual, working, and verbal memory in first-episode drug-naive patients and medicated patients with MDD in a Chinese population. We measured the cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve patients (n = 36), medicated MDD patients (n = 71), and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (n = 59) in a Chinese population. The CSB composite scores in both first-episode drug-naive patients and medicated patients were significantly poorer than those in the healthy control subjects. The CSB sub-scores, including visual, working, and verbal memory were also significantly poorer in both patient groups than those in the healthy control subjects. In contrast, processing speed, attention/vigilance, executive function, spatial working memory, and social cognition were no different from healthy controls, whereas the executive function was significantly better in the medicated patients than in the healthy control subjects and first-episode drug-naïve patients. These findings suggest an impairment in the visual, working, and verbal memory in first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients in a Chinese population.
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70
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Clark US, Sweet LH, Morgello S, Philip NS, Cohen RA. High early life stress and aberrant amygdala activity: risk factors for elevated neuropsychiatric symptoms in HIV+ adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:649-665. [PMID: 27011015 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Relative to HIV-negative adults, HIV+ adults report elevated levels of early life stress (ELS). In non-HIV samples, high ELS has been linked to abnormalities in brain structure and function, as well as increased risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Yet, little is known about the neural effects of high ELS, and their relation to elevated neuropsychiatric symptoms, in HIV+ adults. Recent studies have revealed combined effects of HIV and high ELS on amygdala morphometry. Aberrant amygdala activity is prominently implicated in studies of neuropsychiatric symptomology in non-HIV samples. Hence, this preliminary study examined: 1) the combined effects of HIV and high ELS on amygdala activity, and 2) the relation between amygdala activity and neuropsychiatric symptoms in HIV+ adults. We included 28 HIV+ adults and 25 demographically-matched HIV-negative control (HC) adults. ELS exposure was quantified using a retrospective ELS questionnaire, which defined four groups: HIV+ Low-ELS (N = 15); HIV+ High-ELS (N = 13); HC Low-ELS (N = 16); and HC High-ELS (N = 9). Participants completed a battery of neuropsychiatric measures. BOLD fMRI assessed amygdala reactivity during explicit observation of fearful/angry faces. High-ELS participants demonstrated reduced levels of amygdala reactivity relative to Low-ELS participants. HIV+ High-ELS participants reported higher levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms than all other groups. In the HIV+ group, lower amygdala responses were associated with higher neuropsychiatric symptoms, particularly depression, anxiety, and alexithymia. Collectively, these results suggest that high ELS exposure is a significant risk factor for neuropsychiatric symptoms in HIV+ adults. Furthermore, our results implicate ELS-related abnormalities in amygdala activity in the etiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in HIV+ adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uraina S Clark
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1052, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Lawrence H Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1052, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Noah S Philip
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Aging and Geriatric Research, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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71
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Abstract
Activity in a network of areas spanning the superior temporal sulcus, dorsomedial frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex is concerned with how nonhuman primates negotiate the social worlds in which they live. Central aspects of these circuits are retained in humans. Activity in these areas codes for primates' interactions with one another, their attempts to find out about one another, and their attempts to prevent others from finding out too much about themselves. Moreover, important features of the social world, such as dominance status, cooperation, and competition, modulate activity in these areas. We consider the degree to which activity in these regions is simply encoding an individual's own actions and choices or whether this activity is especially and specifically concerned with social cognition. Recent advances in comparative anatomy and computational modeling may help us to gain deeper insights into the nature and boundaries of primate social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco K Wittmann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom; , , .,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia L Lockwood
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom; , , .,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom; , , .,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom
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Piel JH, Lett TA, Wackerhagen C, Plichta MM, Mohnke S, Grimm O, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Degenhardt F, Tost H, Witt S, Nöthen M, Rietschel M, Heinz A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Walter H, Erk S. The effect of 5-HTTLPR and a serotonergic multi-marker score on amygdala, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex reactivity and habituation in a large, healthy fMRI cohort. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:415-427. [PMID: 29358097 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by low mood for at least two weeks. Impaired emotion regulation has been suggested to be the consequence of dysfunctional serotonergic regulation of limbic and prefrontal regions, especially the amygdala, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The impact of genetic variation on brain function can be investigated with intermediate phenotypes. A suggested intermediate phenotype of MDD is emotion recognition: The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of SLC6A4 as well as other serotonergic genes have been associated with amygdala and prefrontal function during emotion recognition. Previously, it has been suggested that habituation is a more reliable index of emotion recognition than functional activation. We examined the relationship of genes involved in serotonergic signaling with amygdala as well as prefrontal functional activation and habituation during an emotion recognition task in 171 healthy subjects. While effects of 5-HTTLPR and of a serotonergic multi-marker score (5-HTTLPR, TPH1(rs1800532), TPH2(rs4570625), HTR1A(rs6295) and HTR2A(rs6311)) on amygdala activation did not withstand correction for multiple regions of interest, we observed a strong correlation of the multi-marker score and habituation in the amygdala, DLPFC, and ACC. We replicated a well-studied intermediate phenotype for association with 5-HTTLPR and provided additional evidence for polygenic involvement. Furthermore, we showed that task habituation may be influenced by genetic variation in serotonergic signaling, particularly by a serotonergic multi-marker score. We provided preliminary evidence that PFC activation is an important intermediate phenotype of MDD. Future studies are needed to corroborate the results in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Piel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - T A Lett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Wackerhagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - M M Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Degenhardt
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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73
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Yu H, Li F, Wu T, Li R, Yao L, Wang C, Wu X. Functional brain abnormalities in major depressive disorder using the Hilbert-Huang transform. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:1556-1568. [PMID: 29427063 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common disease worldwide, which is characterized by significant and persistent depression. Non-invasive accessory diagnosis of depression can be performed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). However, the fMRI signal may not satisfy linearity and stationarity. The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is an adaptive time-frequency localization analysis method suitable for nonlinear and non-stationary signals. The objective of this study was to apply the HHT to rs-fMRI to find the abnormal brain areas of patients with depression. A total of 35 patients with depression and 37 healthy controls were subjected to rs-fMRI. The HHT was performed to extract the Hilbert-weighted mean frequency of the rs-fMRI signals, and multivariate receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied to find the abnormal brain regions with high sensitivity and specificity. We observed differences in Hilbert-weighted mean frequency between the patients and healthy controls mainly in the right hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left amygdala, and left and right caudate nucleus. Subsequently, the above-mentioned regions were included in the results obtained from the compared region homogeneity and the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation method. We found brain regions with differences in the Hilbert-weighted mean frequency, and examined their sensitivity and specificity, which suggested a potential neuroimaging biomarker to distinguish between patients with depression and healthy controls. We further clarified the pathophysiological abnormality of these regions for the population with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Yu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Da Jie, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Feng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mental Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10088, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Da Jie, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Yao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Da Jie, Beijing, 100875, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mental Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10088, China
| | - Xia Wu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Da Jie, Beijing, 100875, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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74
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Correlations between working memory impairment and neurometabolites of prefrontal cortex and lenticular nucleus in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:236-242. [PMID: 29102838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of working memory (WM) impairment in MDD remains unclear. We aimed to find out the mechanism by using neuropsychological tests and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS 31 MDD patients and 31 healthy controls were recruited in our study. The WM performance and neurometabolite ratios of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and lenticular nucleus (LN) between two groups were evaluated and compared. And the correlations between abnormal neurometabolite ratios and WM dysfunction were computed. RESULTS Scores of SDMT, DST(forwards), VRS and 2-back Task(accuracy rate) in MDD were lower than HCs. NAA/Cr ratios of bilateral PFC in MDD were significantly lower than HCs, while no significant differences showed in NAA/Cr ratios of LN and Cho/Cr, mI/Cr values of the bilateral PFC and LN between two groups. And for MDD patients, NAA/Cr ratios in the right PFC were positively correlated with scores of DST (Forwards). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that depressed patients may have impairments in working memory, including phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer and central executive. And the impairment of verbal WM and WM capacity may be associated with the abnormal neurometabolites in the right PFC.
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75
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Dillon DG, Pizzagalli DA. Mechanisms of Memory Disruption in Depression. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:137-149. [PMID: 29331265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Depressed individuals typically show poor memory for positive events, potentiated memory for negative events, and impaired recollection. These phenomena are clinically important but poorly understood. Compelling links between stress and depression suggest promising candidate mechanisms. Stress can suppress hippocampal neurogenesis, inhibit dopamine neurons, and sensitize the amygdala. We argue that these phenomena may impair pattern separation, disrupt the encoding of positive experiences, and bias retrieval toward negative events, respectively, thus recapitulating core aspects of memory disruption in depression. Encouragingly, optogenetic reactivation of cells engaged during the encoding of positive memories rapidly reduces depressive behavior in preclinical models. Thus, many memory deficits in depression appear to be downstream consequences of chronic stress, and addressing memory disruption can have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Dillon
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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76
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Bicalho LEA, Albuquerque MR, Paula JJD, Lage GM. Motor control assessment of community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700040005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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77
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Tottenham N. The Fundamental Role of Early Environments to Developing an Emotionally Healthy Brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2372732217745098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The quality of early socioemotional environments has a clear link to emotional health. Findings from neuroscientific and behavioral studies explain this enduring link, and findings focus on the plasticity of emotional brain development. Implications include (a) prioritizing individuals as early as possible and throughout development, (b) remaining mindful that stable caregiving is a basic need for children, and (c) supporting children’s emotional development which means supporting their families. Addressing these needs is a large task, but not addressing these needs confers an even larger mental health cost to the individual as well as to society more broadly.
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78
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Deng D, Pang Y, Duan G, Liu H, Liao H, Liu P, Liu Y, Li S, Chen W, Wen D, Xuan C, Li M. Larger volume and different functional connectivity of the amygdala in women with premenstrual syndrome. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:1900-1908. [PMID: 29260367 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess structural and functional changes of the amygdala due to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Twenty PMS patients and 21 healthy control (HC) subjects underwent a 6-min resting-state fMRI scan during the luteal phase as well as scanning high-resolution T1-weighted images. Subcortical amygdala-related volume and functional connectivity (FC) were estimated between the two groups. Each subject completed a daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) to measure the severity of clinical symptoms. RESULTS Greater bilateral amygdalae volumes were found in PMS patients compared with HC subjects, and PMS patients had increased FC between the amygdala and certain regions of the frontal cortex (e.g. medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right precentral gyrus), the right temporal pole and the insula, as well as decreased FC between the bilateral amygdalae and the right orbitofrontal cortex and right hippocampus. The strength of FC between the right amygdala and right precentral gyrus, left ACC and left mPFC were significantly and positively correlated with DRSP scores in PMS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may improve our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in PMS. KEY POINTS • Functional and structural MRI used to explore amygdala in PMS patients. • Aberrant amygdala structural and functional connectivity were found in PMS patients. • Amygdala strength FC was positively correlated with individual clinical symptom scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demao Deng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China.
| | - Yong Pang
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Gaoxiong Duan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Huimei Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Hai Liao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Danhong Wen
- Department of Teaching, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Chunmei Xuan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
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79
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de la Puente B, Zamanillo D, Romero L, Vela JM, Merlos M, Portillo-Salido E. Pharmacological sensitivity of reflexive and nonreflexive outcomes as a correlate of the sensory and affective responses to visceral pain in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13428. [PMID: 29044171 PMCID: PMC5647413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain encompasses both sensory and affective dimensions which can be differentially modulated by drugs. Here, we compare the pharmacological sensitivity of the sensory and affective responses using acetic acid-induced abdominal writhings (sensory-reflexive outcome) and acetic acid-induced depression of reward seeking behaviour (RSB, affective-nonreflexive outcome) to a highly palatable food in mice. We found that the expression of RSB critically depends on factors such as sex and previous knowledge and type of the food stimulus. Intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid (iAA) produced a long-lasting (beyond the resolution of writhing behaviour) and concentration-dependent decrease on both appetitive-approach and consummatory dimensions of RSB. Ibuprofen and diclofenac were much more potent in reversing AA-induced changes in RSB: latency to eat (ED50 = 2 and 0.005 mg/kg, intraperinoneally, respectively) and amount consumed (ED50 = 11 and 0.1 mg/kg) than in AA-induced writhing (ED50 = 123 and 60 mg/kg). Morphine and duloxetine inhibited the writhing response (ED50 = 0.8 and 6 mg/kg, respectively) but not the AA-induced changes in RSB. Caffeine was ineffective in both AA-induced writhing and RSB changes. Overall, this study characterized a preclinical mouse model of hedonic deficits induced by pain that can be used to assess affective responses as well as complementary classic reflexive approaches in the evaluation of candidate analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Zamanillo
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luz Romero
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Vela
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Merlos
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE, Barcelona, Spain
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80
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Wittmann MK, Kolling N, Faber NS, Scholl J, Nelissen N, Rushworth MFS. Self-Other Mergence in the Frontal Cortex during Cooperation and Competition. Neuron 2017; 91:482-93. [PMID: 27477020 PMCID: PMC4961240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To survive, humans must estimate their own ability and the abilities of others. We found that, although people estimated their abilities on the basis of their own performance in a rational manner, their estimates of themselves were partly merged with the performance of others. Reciprocally, their ability estimates for others also reflected their own, as well as the others', performance. Self-other mergence operated in a context-dependent manner: interacting with high or low performers, respectively, enhanced and diminished own ability estimates in cooperative contexts, but the opposite occurred in competitive contexts. Self-other mergence not only influenced subjective evaluations, it also affected how people subsequently objectively adjusted their performance. Perigenual anterior cingulate cortex tracked one's own performance. Dorsomedial frontal area 9 tracked others' performances, but also integrated contextual and self-related information. Self-other mergence increased with the strength of self and other representations in area 9, suggesting it carries interdependent representations of self and other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco K Wittmann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD Oxford, UK.
| | - Nils Kolling
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD Oxford, UK
| | - Nadira S Faber
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Scholl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, OX3 7JX Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie Nelissen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, OX3 7JX Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD Oxford, UK; Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
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81
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Orndorff-Plunkett F, Singh F, Aragón OR, Pineda JA. Assessing the Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Training in the Context of Clinical and Social Neuroscience. Brain Sci 2017; 7:E95. [PMID: 28783134 PMCID: PMC5575615 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7080095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Social neuroscience benefits from the experimental manipulation of neuronal activity. One possible manipulation, neurofeedback, is an operant conditioning-based technique in which individuals sense, interact with, and manage their own physiological and mental states. Neurofeedback has been applied to a wide variety of psychiatric illnesses, as well as to treat sub-clinical symptoms, and even to enhance performance in healthy populations. Despite growing interest, there persists a level of distrust and/or bias in the medical and research communities in the USA toward neurofeedback and other functional interventions. As a result, neurofeedback has been largely ignored, or disregarded within social neuroscience. We propose a systematic, empirically-based approach for assessing the effectiveness, and utility of neurofeedback. To that end, we use the term perturbative physiologic plasticity to suggest that biological systems function as an integrated whole that can be perturbed and guided, either directly or indirectly, into different physiological states. When the intention is to normalize the system, e.g., via neurofeedback, we describe it as self-directed neuroplasticity, whose outcome is persistent functional, structural, and behavioral changes. We argue that changes in physiological, neuropsychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and societal functioning following neurofeedback can serve as objective indices and as the metrics necessary for assessing levels of efficacy. In this chapter, we examine the effects of neurofeedback on functional connectivity in a few clinical disorders as case studies for this approach. We believe this broader perspective will open new avenues of investigation, especially within social neuroscience, to further elucidate the mechanisms and effectiveness of these types of interventions, and their relevance to basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiza Singh
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Oriana R Aragón
- Marketing Department, Clemson University College of Business, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Jaime A Pineda
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Neurosciences Group, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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82
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Zhao K, Liu H, Yan R, Hua L, Chen Y, Shi J, Lu Q, Yao Z. Cortical thickness and subcortical structure volume abnormalities in patients with major depression with and without anxious symptoms. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00754. [PMID: 28828215 PMCID: PMC5561315 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious depression is one of the common subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD). Clinically, patients with anxious depression exhibit more severe depressive symptoms than patients with nonanxious depression. The aim of the present study was to explore the common and differing cortical and subcortical structural changes between patients with anxious and nonanxious depression. METHODS Patients were placed into one of three groups: the anxious depression group (MDD patients with high levels of anxiety symptoms, n = 23), the nonanxious depression group (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 43) that were matched for age, sex, and education level. All participants underwent T1-weighted MRI. The Freesurfer, which uses a set of automated sequences to analyze the abnormal changes of cortical thickness, cortical and subcortical structures, was used to process the T1 images. RESULTS Compared to controls, MDD patients showed thinner cortical thickness in the left inferior temporal, the right superior temporal, and the right parsorbitalis, and a smaller volume of the left hippocampus. Compared to nonanxious depression, anxious depressive patients showed a cortical thinning of the left superior frontal and right superior temporal, as well as the right lingual, and significantly increased subcortical volume of the bilateral caudate nuclei. Correlation analysis showed that the volumes of the bilateral caudate nuclei were directly proportional to the anxiety/somatization factor score. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that smaller hippocampal volume and atrophic prefrontal and temporal cortices might be a common pattern of cortical and subcortical alterations in patients with depression and/or anxiety. However, the change in the caudate nucleus volume may be indicative of anxious depression and may potentially be used to distinguish anxious from nonanxious depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lingling Hua
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiabo Shi
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Lu
- Research Center of Learning ScienceSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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83
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Neural substrates of trait impulsivity, anhedonia, and irritability: Mechanisms of heterotypic comorbidity between externalizing disorders and unipolar depression. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:1177-1208. [PMID: 27739396 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Trait impulsivity, which is often defined as a strong preference for immediate over delayed rewards and results in behaviors that are socially inappropriate, maladaptive, and short-sighted, is a predisposing vulnerability to all externalizing spectrum disorders. In contrast, anhedonia is characterized by chronically low motivation and reduced capacity to experience pleasure, and is common to depressive disorders. Although externalizing and depressive disorders have virtually nonoverlapping diagnostic criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, heterotypic comorbidity between them is common. Here, we review common neural substrates of trait impulsivity, anhedonia, and irritability, which include both low tonic mesolimbic dopamine activity and low phasic mesolimbic dopamine responding to incentives during reward anticipation and associative learning. We also consider how other neural networks, including bottom-up emotion generation systems and top-down emotion regulation systems, interact with mesolimbic dysfunction to result in alternative manifestations of psychiatric illness. Finally, we present a model that emphasizes a translational, transdiagnostic approach to understanding externalizing/depression comorbidity. This model should refine ways in which internalizing and externalizing disorders are studied, classified, and treated.
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Komulainen E, Glerean E, Meskanen K, Heikkilä R, Nummenmaa L, Raij TT, Lahti J, Jylhä P, Melartin T, Isometsä E, Ekelund J. Single dose of mirtazapine modulates whole-brain functional connectivity during emotional narrative processing. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 263:61-69. [PMID: 28366871 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The link between neurotransmitter-level effects of antidepressants and their clinical effect remain poorly understood. A single dose of mirtazapine decreases limbic responses to fearful faces in healthy subjects, but it is unknown whether this effect applies to complex emotional situations and dynamic connectivity between brain regions. Thirty healthy volunteers listened to spoken emotional narratives during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In an open-label design, 15 subjects received 15mg of mirtazapine two hours prior to fMRI while 15 subjects served as a control group. We assessed the effects of mirtazapine on regional neural responses and dynamic functional connectivity associated with valence and arousal. Mirtazapine attenuated responses to unpleasant events in the right fronto-insular cortex, while modulating responses to arousing events in the core limbic regions and the cortical midline structures (CMS). Mirtazapine decreased responses to unpleasant and arousing events in sensorimotor areas and the anterior CMS implicated in self-referential processing and formation of subjective feelings. Mirtazapine increased functional connectivity associated with positive valence in the CMS and limbic regions. Mirtazapine triggers large-scale changes in regional responses and functional connectivity during naturalistic, emotional stimuli. These span limbic, sensorimotor, and midline brain structures, and may be relevant to the clinical effectiveness of mirtazapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Komulainen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Aalto University, School of Science, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Espoo, Finland
| | - Katarina Meskanen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roope Heikkilä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuukka T Raij
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland; Aalto University, School of Science, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Espoo, Finland; Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki collegium of Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jylhä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute of Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Melartin
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Isometsä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Ekelund
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland; Vaasa Hospital District, Department of Psychiatry, Vaasa, Finland
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85
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Prayson BE, Floden DP, Ferguson L, Kim KH, Jehi L, Busch RM. Effects of surgical side and site on psychological symptoms following epilepsy surgery in adults. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 68:108-114. [PMID: 28142129 PMCID: PMC5373962 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study examined the potential role of side and site of surgery in psychological symptom change after epilepsy surgery and determined the base rate of psychological change at the individual level. Two-hundred twenty-eight adults completed the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) before and after temporal (TLR; n=190) or frontal lobe resection (FLR; n=38). Repeated measures ANOVAs with bootstrapping examined differences in psychological outcome as a function of surgical site separately in patients who underwent left- versus right-sided resections. Individual's PAI score changes were then used to determine the prevalence of clinically meaningful postoperative symptom change. Following left-sided resections, there were significant group-by-time interactions on Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, and Anxiety Related Disorders. There was also a trend in this direction on the Depression scale. TLR patients endorsed greater preoperative symptoms than FLR patients on all of these scales, except the Somatic Complaints scale. After surgery, TLR patients reported symptom improvement on all four scales, while scores of FLR patients remained relatively stable over time. Endorsement of Mania-related symptoms increased in both TLR and FLR groups from pre-to post-surgical testing. Following right-sided resections, both groups endorsed symptom improvements on Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, and Depression scales following surgery. In addition, the TLR group endorsed more Mania-related symptoms than the FLR group regardless of time. Patterns of meaningful change in individual patients were generally consistent with group findings, with the most frequent improvements observed following TLR. However, there were a small subset of patients who reported symptom exacerbation after surgery. Our results suggest that surgical lateralization and localization are important factors in postoperative psychological outcome and highlight the importance of considering psychological change at the individual patient level. Further research is needed to identify potential risk factors for symptom exacerbation to aid in preoperative counseling and identify those patients most in need of postoperative psychological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid E Prayson
- Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, United States
| | - Darlene P Floden
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States; Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Lisa Ferguson
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States; Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Kevin H Kim
- Department of Psychology in Education, University of Pittsburgh, 5918 Wesley W. Posvar Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Lara Jehi
- Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Robyn M Busch
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States; Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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86
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Amygdala Contributions to Stimulus-Reward Encoding in the Macaque Medial and Orbital Frontal Cortex during Learning. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2186-2202. [PMID: 28123082 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0933-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), medial frontal cortex (MFC), and amygdala mediate stimulus-reward learning, but the mechanisms through which they interact are unclear. Here, we investigated how neurons in macaque OFC and MFC signaled rewards and the stimuli that predicted them during learning with and without amygdala input. Macaques performed a task that required them to evaluate two stimuli and then choose one to receive the reward associated with that option. Four main findings emerged. First, amygdala lesions slowed the acquisition and use of stimulus-reward associations. Further analyses indicated that this impairment was due, at least in part, to ineffective use of negative feedback to guide subsequent decisions. Second, the activity of neurons in OFC and MFC rapidly evolved to encode the amount of reward associated with each stimulus. Third, amygdalectomy reduced encoding of stimulus-reward associations during the evaluation of different stimuli. Reward encoding of anticipated and received reward after choices were made was not altered. Fourth, amygdala lesions led to an increase in the proportion of neurons in MFC, but not OFC, that encoded the instrumental response that monkeys made on each trial. These correlated changes in behavior and neural activity after amygdala lesions strongly suggest that the amygdala contributes to the ability to learn stimulus-reward associations rapidly by shaping encoding within OFC and MFC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Altered functional interactions among orbital frontal cortex (OFC), medial frontal cortex (MFC), and amygdala are thought to underlie several psychiatric conditions, many related to reward learning. Here, we investigated the causal contribution of the amygdala to the development of neuronal activity in macaque OFC and MFC related to rewards and the stimuli that predict them during learning. Without amygdala inputs, neurons in both OFC and MFC showed decreased encoding of stimulus-reward associations. MFC also showed increased encoding of the instrumental responses that monkeys made on each trial. Behaviorally, changes in neural activity were accompanied by slower stimulus-reward learning. The findings suggest that interactions among amygdala, OFC, and MFC contribute to learning about stimuli that predict rewards.
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87
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Fang L, Yao Z, An J, Chen X, Xie Y, Zhao H, Mao J, Liang W, Ma X. Topological Organization of Metabolic Brain Networks in Pre-Chemotherapy Cancer with Depression: A Resting-State PET Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166049. [PMID: 27832148 PMCID: PMC5104370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the metabolic brain network and its relationship with depression symptoms using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography data in 78 pre-chemotherapy cancer patients with depression and 80 matched healthy subjects. Functional and structural imbalance or disruption of brain networks frequently occur following chemotherapy in cancer patients. However, few studies have focused on the topological organization of the metabolic brain network in cancer with depression, especially those without chemotherapy. The nodal and global parameters of the metabolic brain network were computed for cancer patients and healthy subjects. Significant decreases in metabolism were found in the frontal and temporal gyri in cancer patients compared with healthy subjects. Negative correlations between depression and metabolism were found predominantly in the inferior frontal and cuneus regions, whereas positive correlations were observed in several regions, primarily including the insula, hippocampus, amygdala, and middle temporal gyri. Furthermore, a higher clustering efficiency, longer path length, and fewer hubs were found in cancer patients compared with healthy subjects. The topological organization of the whole-brain metabolic networks may be disrupted in cancer. Finally, the present findings may provide a new avenue for exploring the neurobiological mechanism, which plays a key role in lessening the depression effects in pre-chemotherapy cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of radiology, Qilu Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Cultural West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R.China
- PET/CT Center, Affiliated Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, 333 South Binhe Road, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu Province, P.R.China
| | - Zhijun Yao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P.R.China
| | - Jianping An
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Affiliated Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, 333 South Binhe Road, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu Province, P.R.China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P.R.China
| | - Yuanwei Xie
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, P.R.China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Affiliated Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, 333 South Binhe Road, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu Province, P.R.China
| | - Junfeng Mao
- PET/CT Center, Affiliated Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, 333 South Binhe Road, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu Province, P.R.China
| | - Wangsheng Liang
- PET/CT Center, Affiliated Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, 333 South Binhe Road, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu Province, P.R.China
| | - Xiangxing Ma
- Department of radiology, Qilu Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Cultural West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R.China
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88
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He Z, Cui Q, Zheng J, Duan X, Pang Y, Gao Q, Han S, Long Z, Wang Y, Li J, Wang X, Zhao J, Chen H. Frequency-specific alterations in functional connectivity in treatment-resistant and -sensitive major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 82:30-9. [PMID: 27459030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) may involve alterations in brain functional connectivity in multiple neural circuits and present large-scale network dysfunction. Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and treatment-sensitive depression (TSD) show different responses to antidepressants and aberrant brain functions. This study aims to investigate functional connectivity patterns of TRD and TSD at the whole brain resting state. Seventeen patients with TRD, 17 patients with TSD, and 17 healthy controls matched with age, gender, and years of education were recruited in this study. The brain was divided using an automated anatomical labeling atlas into 90 regions of interest, which were used to construct the entire brain functional networks. An analysis method called network-based statistic was used to explore the dysconnected subnetworks of TRD and TSD at different frequency bands. At resting state, TSD and TRD present characteristic patterns of network dysfunction at special frequency bands. The dysconnected subnetwork of TSD mainly lies in the fronto-parietal top-down control network. Moreover, the abnormal neural circuits of TRD are extensive and complex. These circuits not only depend on the abnormal affective network but also involve other networks, including salience network, auditory network, visual network, and language processing cortex. Our findings reflect that the pathological mechanism of TSD may refer to impairment in cognitive control, whereas TRD mainly triggers the dysfunction of emotion processing and affective cognition. This study reveals that differences in brain functional connectivity at resting state reflect distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in TSD and TRD. These findings may be helpful in differentiating two types of MDD and predicting treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongling He
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Mental Health Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xujun Duan
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yajing Pang
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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89
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Dyster TG, Mikell CB, Sheth SA. The Co-evolution of Neuroimaging and Psychiatric Neurosurgery. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:68. [PMID: 27445706 PMCID: PMC4916214 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neuroimaging in psychiatric neurosurgery has evolved significantly throughout the field's history. Psychiatric neurosurgery initially developed without the benefit of information provided by modern imaging modalities, and thus lesion targets were selected based on contemporary theories of frontal lobe dysfunction in psychiatric disease. However, by the end of the 20th century, the availability of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allowed for the development of mechanistic theories attempting to explain the anatamofunctional basis of these disorders, as well as the efficacy of stereotactic neuromodulatory treatments. Neuroimaging now plays a central and ever-expanding role in the neurosurgical management of psychiatric disorders, by influencing the determination of surgical candidates, allowing individualized surgical targeting and planning, and identifying network-level changes in the brain following surgery. In this review, we aim to describe the coevolution of psychiatric neurosurgery and neuroimaging, including ways in which neuroimaging has proved useful in elucidating the therapeutic mechanisms of neuromodulatory procedures. We focus on ablative over stimulation-based procedures given their historical precedence and the greater opportunity they afford for post-operative re-imaging, but also discuss important contributions from the deep brain stimulation (DBS) literature. We conclude with a discussion of how neuroimaging will transition the field of psychiatric neurosurgery into the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Dyster
- Functional and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian HospitalNew York, NY, USA
| | - Charles B. Mikell
- Functional and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian HospitalNew York, NY, USA
| | - Sameer A. Sheth
- Functional and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian HospitalNew York, NY, USA
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90
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Lee JH. Somatic mutations in disorders with disrupted brain connectivity. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e239. [PMID: 27282107 PMCID: PMC4929695 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations occur during cell division in all somatic lineages. Because neurogenesis persists throughout human life, somatic mutations in the brain arise during development and accumulate with the aging process. The human brain consists of 100 billion neurons that form an extraordinarily intricate network of connections to achieve higher level cognitive functions. Due to this network architecture, perturbed neuronal functions are rarely restricted to a focal area; instead, they are often spread via the neuronal network to affect other connected areas. Although somatic diversity is an evident feature of the brain, the extent to which somatic mutations affect the neuronal structure and function and their contribution to neurological disorders associated with disrupted brain connectivity remain largely unexplored. Notably, recent reports indicate that brain somatic mutations can indeed play a critical role that leads to the structural and functional abnormalities of the brain observed in several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, I review the extent and significance of brain somatic mutations and provide my perspective regarding these mutations as potential molecular lesions underlying relatively common conditions with disrupted brain connectivity. Moreover, I discuss emerging technical platforms that will facilitate the detection of low-frequency somatic mutations and validate the biological functions of the identified mutations in the context of brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
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91
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Zikopoulos B, John YJ, García-Cabezas MÁ, Bunce JG, Barbas H. The intercalated nuclear complex of the primate amygdala. Neuroscience 2016; 330:267-90. [PMID: 27256508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The organization of the inhibitory intercalated cell masses (IM) of the primate amygdala is largely unknown despite their key role in emotional processes. We studied the structural, topographic, neurochemical and intrinsic connectional features of IM neurons in the rhesus monkey brain. We found that the intercalated neurons are not confined to discrete cell clusters, but form a neuronal net that is interposed between the basal nuclei and extends to the dorsally located anterior, central, and medial nuclei of the amygdala. Unlike the IM in rodents, which are prominent in the anterior half of the amygdala, the primate inhibitory net stretched throughout the antero-posterior axis of the amygdala, and was most prominent in the central and posterior extent of the amygdala. There were two morphologic types of intercalated neurons: spiny and aspiny. Spiny neurons were the most abundant; their somata were small or medium size, round or elongated, and their dendritic trees were round or bipolar, depending on location. The aspiny neurons were on average slightly larger and had varicose dendrites with no spines. There were three non-overlapping neurochemical populations of IM neurons, in descending order of abundance: (1) Spiny neurons that were positive for the striatal associated dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32+); (2) Aspiny neurons that expressed the calcium-binding protein calbindin (CB+); and (3) Aspiny neurons that expressed nitric oxide synthase (NOS+). The unique combinations of structural and neurochemical features of the three classes of IM neurons suggest different physiological properties and function. The three types of IM neurons were intermingled and likely interconnected in distinct ways, and were innervated by intrinsic neurons within the amygdala, or by external sources, in pathways that underlie fear conditioning and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University and School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Yohan J John
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jamie G Bunce
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen Barbas
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University and School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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92
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Gui WS, Wei X, Mai CL, Murugan M, Wu LJ, Xin WJ, Zhou LJ, Liu XG. Interleukin-1β overproduction is a common cause for neuropathic pain, memory deficit, and depression following peripheral nerve injury in rodents. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916646784. [PMID: 27175012 PMCID: PMC4956151 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916646784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is often accompanied by short-term memory deficit and depression. Currently, it is believed that short-term memory deficit and depression are consequences of chronic pain. Here, we test the hypothesis that the symptoms might be caused by overproduction of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in the injured nerve independent of neuropathic pain following spared nerve injury in rats and mice. RESULTS Mechanical allodynia, a behavioral sign of neuropathic pain, was not correlated with short-term memory deficit and depressive behavior in spared nerve injury rats. Spared nerve injury upregulated IL-1β in the injured sciatic nerve, plasma, and the regions in central nervous system closely associated with pain, memory and emotion, including spinal dorsal horn, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Importantly, the spared nerve injury-induced memory deficits, depressive, and pain behaviors were substantially prevented by peri-sciatic administration of IL-1β neutralizing antibody in rats or deletion of IL-1 receptor type 1 in mice. Furthermore, the behavioral abnormalities induced by spared nerve injury were mimicked in naïve rats by repetitive intravenous injection of re combinant rat IL-1β (rrIL-1β) at a pathological concentration as determined from spared nerve injury rats. In addition, microglia were activated by both spared nerve injury and intravenous injection of rrIL-1β and the effect of spared nerve injury was substantially reversed by peri-sciatic administration of anti-IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Neuropathic pain was not necessary for the development of cognitive and emotional disorders, while the overproduction of IL-1β in the injured sciatic nerve following peripheral nerve injury may be a common mechanism underlying the generation of neuropathic pain, memory deficit, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shan Gui
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lin Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Madhuvika Murugan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xian-Guo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
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93
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p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in amygdala mediates κ opioid receptor agonist U50,488H-induced conditioned place aversion. Neuroscience 2016; 320:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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94
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Simmons WK, Burrows K, Avery JA, Kerr KL, Bodurka J, Savage CR, Drevets WC. Depression-Related Increases and Decreases in Appetite: Dissociable Patterns of Aberrant Activity in Reward and Interoceptive Neurocircuitry. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:418-28. [PMID: 26806872 PMCID: PMC4818200 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Appetite and weight changes are common but variable diagnostic markers in major depressive disorder: some depressed individuals manifest increased appetite, while others lose their appetite. Many of the brain regions implicated in appetitive responses to food have also been implicated in depression. It is thus remarkable that there exists no published research comparing the neural responses to food stimuli of depressed patients with increased versus decreased appetites. METHOD Using functional MRI, brain activity was compared in unmedicated depressed patients with increased or decreased appetite and healthy control subjects while viewing photographs of food and nonfood objects. The authors also measured how resting-state functional connectivity related to subjects' food pleasantness ratings. RESULTS Within putative reward regions, depressed participants with increased appetites exhibited greater hemodynamic activity to food stimuli than both those reporting appetite decreases and healthy control subjects. In contrast, depressed subjects experiencing appetite loss exhibited hypoactivation within a region of the mid-insula implicated in interoception, with no difference observed in this region between healthy subjects and those with depression-related appetite increases. Mid-insula activity was negatively correlated with food pleasantness ratings of depressed participants with increased appetites, and its functional connectivity to reward circuitry was positively correlated with food pleasantness ratings. CONCLUSIONS Depression-related increases in appetite are associated with hyperactivation of putative mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry, while depression-related appetite loss is associated with hypoactivation of insular regions that support monitoring the body's physiological state. Importantly, the interactions among these regions also contribute to individual differences in the depression-related appetite changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Kyle Simmons
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK
,Faculty of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK
| | | | | | - Kara L. Kerr
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK
,Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK
,College of Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK
| | - Cary R. Savage
- Center for Health Behavior Neuroscience, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Wayne C. Drevets
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, LLC., of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Titusville, NJ
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95
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Jeon SW, Kim YK. Molecular Neurobiology and Promising New Treatment in Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:381. [PMID: 26999106 PMCID: PMC4813239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited effects of currently available antidepressants are becoming an urgent issue in depression research. It takes a long time to determine treatment effects, and the overall remission rate is low. Although we expect the development of non-monoamine antidepressants in the near future, efforts in this regard over the past several decades have not yet been compensated. Thus, researchers and clinicians should clarify the neurobiological mechanisms of integrated modulators that regulate changes in genes, cells, the brain, and behaviors associated with depression. In this study, we review molecular neurobiological theories and new treatments for depression. Beyond neuroanatomy and monoamine theory, we discuss cells and molecules, neural plasticity, neurotrophisms, endocrine mechanisms, immunological mechanisms, genetics, circadian rhythms, and metabolic regulation in depression. In addition, we introduce the possibility of new antidepressant drug development using protein translation signaling (mTOR) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul 15355, Korea.
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul 15355, Korea.
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96
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Heller AS. Cortical-Subcortical Interactions in Depression: From Animal Models to Human Psychopathology. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:20. [PMID: 27013988 PMCID: PMC4780432 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating disorder causing significant societal and personal suffering. Improvements in identification of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its treatment are essential to reduce its toll. Recent developments in rodent models of MDD and neuroimaging of humans suffering from the disorder provide avenues through which gains can be made towards reducing its burden. In this review, new findings, integrating across rodent models and human imaging are highlighted that have yielded new insights towards a basic understanding of the disorder. In particular, this review focuses on cortical-subcortical interactions underlying the pathophysiology of MDD. In particular, evidence is accruing that dysfunction in prefrontal-subcortical circuits including the amygdala, ventral striatum (VS), hippocampus and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are associated with MDD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Coral Gables, FL, USA
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97
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The Clinical Applicability of Functional Connectivity in Depression: Pathways Toward More Targeted Intervention. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2016; 1:262-270. [PMID: 29560882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging provides a noninvasive method to rapidly map large-scale brain networks affected in depression and other psychiatric disorders. Dysfunctional connectivity in large-scale brain networks has been consistently implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Although advances have been made in identifying neural circuitry implicated in MDD, this information has yet to be translated into improved diagnostic or treatment interventions. In the first section of this review, we discuss dysfunctional connectivity in affective salience, cognitive control, and default mode networks observed in MDD in association with characteristic symptoms of the disorder. In the second section, we address neurostimulation focusing on transcranial magnetic stimulation and evidence that this approach may directly modulate circuit abnormalities. Finally, we discuss possible avenues of future research to develop more precise diagnoses and targeted interventions within the heterogeneous diagnostic category of MDD as well as the methodological limitations to clinical implementation. We conclude by proposing, with cautious optimism, the future incorporation of neuroimaging into clinical practice as a tool to aid in more targeted diagnosis and treatment guided by circuit-level connectivity dysfunction in patients with depression.
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98
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Causal connectivity alterations of cortical-subcortical circuit anchored on reduced hemodynamic response brain regions in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21861. [PMID: 26911651 PMCID: PMC4766513 DOI: 10.1038/srep21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some efforts were done to investigate the disruption of brain causal connectivity networks involved in major depressive disorder (MDD) using Granger causality (GC) analysis. However, the homogenous hemodynamic response function (HRF) assumption over the brain may disturb the inference of temporal precedence. Here we applied a blind deconvolution approach to examine the altered HRF shape in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients. The regions with abnormal HRF shape in patients were chosen as seeds to detect the GC alterations in MDD. The results demonstrated significantly decreased magnitude of spontaneous hemodynamic response of the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and the caudate nucleus (CAU) in MDD comparing to healthy controls, suggesting MDD patients likely had alterations in neurovascular coupling and cerebrovascular physiology in these two regions. GC mapping showed increased/decreased GC in OFC-/CAU centered networks in MDD. The outgoing GC values from OFC to anterior cingulate cortex and occipital regions were positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores, while the incoming GC from insula, middle and superior temporal gyrus to CAU were negatively correlated with HAMD scores of MDD. The abnormalities of directional connections in the cortico-subcortico-cerebellar network may lead to unbalanced integrating the emotional-related information for MDD, and further exacerbating depressive symptoms.
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99
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Zotev V, Yuan H, Misaki M, Phillips R, Young KD, Feldner MT, Bodurka J. Correlation between amygdala BOLD activity and frontal EEG asymmetry during real-time fMRI neurofeedback training in patients with depression. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:224-238. [PMID: 26958462 PMCID: PMC4773387 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) is an emerging approach for studies and novel treatments of major depressive disorder (MDD). EEG performed simultaneously with an rtfMRI-nf procedure allows an independent evaluation of rtfMRI-nf brain modulation effects. Frontal EEG asymmetry in the alpha band is a widely used measure of emotion and motivation that shows profound changes in depression. However, it has never been directly related to simultaneously acquired fMRI data. We report the first study investigating electrophysiological correlates of the rtfMRI-nf procedure, by combining the rtfMRI-nf with simultaneous and passive EEG recordings. In this pilot study, MDD patients in the experimental group (n = 13) learned to upregulate BOLD activity of the left amygdala using an rtfMRI-nf during a happy emotion induction task. MDD patients in the control group (n = 11) were provided with a sham rtfMRI-nf. Correlations between frontal EEG asymmetry in the upper alpha band and BOLD activity across the brain were examined. Average individual changes in frontal EEG asymmetry during the rtfMRI-nf task for the experimental group showed a significant positive correlation with the MDD patients' depression severity ratings, consistent with an inverse correlation between the depression severity and frontal EEG asymmetry at rest. The average asymmetry changes also significantly correlated with the amygdala BOLD laterality. Temporal correlations between frontal EEG asymmetry and BOLD activity were significantly enhanced, during the rtfMRI-nf task, for the amygdala and many regions associated with emotion regulation. Our findings demonstrate an important link between amygdala BOLD activity and frontal EEG asymmetry during emotion regulation. Our EEG asymmetry results indicate that the rtfMRI-nf training targeting the amygdala is beneficial to MDD patients. They further suggest that EEG-nf based on frontal EEG asymmetry in the alpha band would be compatible with the amygdala-based rtfMRI-nf. Combination of the two could enhance emotion regulation training and benefit MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Zotev
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Han Yuan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew T Feldner
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
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100
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Ameliorating treatment-refractory depression with intranasal ketamine: potential NMDA receptor actions in the pain circuitry representing mental anguish. CNS Spectr 2016; 21:12-22. [PMID: 25619798 PMCID: PMC4515405 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852914000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the antidepressant actions of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartame glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, and offers a potential neural mechanism for intranasal ketamine's ultra-rapid actions based on the key role of NMDAR in the nonhuman primate prefrontal cortex (PFC). Although intravenous ketamine infusions can lift mood within hours, the current review describes how intranasal ketamine administration can have ultra-rapid antidepressant effects, beginning within minutes (5-40 minutes) and lasting hours, but with repeated treatments needed for sustained antidepressant actions. Research in rodents suggests that increased synaptogenesis in PFC may contribute to the prolonged benefit of ketamine administration, beginning hours after administration. However, these data cannot explain the relief that occurs within minutes of intranasal ketamine delivery. We hypothesize that the ultra-rapid effects of intranasal administration in humans may be due to ketamine blocking the NMDAR circuits that generate the emotional representations of pain (eg, Brodmann Areas 24 and 25, insular cortex), cortical areas that can be overactive in depression and which sit above the nasal epithelium. In contrast, NMDAR blockade in the dorsolateral PFC following systemic administration of ketamine may contribute to cognitive deficits. This novel view may help to explain how intravenous ketamine can treat the symptoms of depression yet worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia.
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