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Perez E, Dzierzewski JM, Aiken-Morgan AT, McCrae CS, Buman MP, Giacobbi PR, Roberts BL, Marsiske M. Anxiety and executive functions in mid-to-late life: the moderating role of sleep. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1459-1465. [PMID: 31512489 PMCID: PMC7065938 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1663492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The goal of the study was to examine the influence of sleep efficiency on the relationship between anxiety and executive functions.Method: Secondary data analyses of 82 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults were performed (M age = 63.00, SD = 8.64). Anxiety was measured using the trait anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Sleep efficiency was measured using one-week of sleep diary data. Two executive functions, cognitive flexibility and inductive reasoning, were measured using the Trail-Making Test and Letter Series task, respectively. SPSS PROCESS macro software version 2 was used to assess the moderating role of sleep efficiency in the relationship between anxiety and executive functions.Results: Sleep significantly moderated the relationship between anxiety and inductive reasoning. Among middle-aged and older adults with high anxiety, those with good sleep efficiency displayed significantly better inductive reasoning than those with poor sleep efficiency after controlling for age, gender, and education (ΔR2 = .05, p = .017). Sleep efficiency did not significantly moderate the relationship between anxiety and cognitive flexibility.Conclusion: Sleep efficiency weakened the association between anxiety and inductive reasoning in middle-aged and older adults. Evidence from the study suggests better sleep may limit the negative effects of anxiety on executive functions in mid-to-late life. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of anxiety and sleep on executive functions in clinical populations with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliottnell Perez
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Adrienne T Aiken-Morgan
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Center on Biobehavioral Health Disparities Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew P Buman
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Goetschius LG, Hein TC, Mitchell C, Lopez-Duran NL, McLoyd VC, Jeanne, McLanahan SS, Hyde LW, Monk CS. WITHDRAWN:Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation predict adolescent amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex white matter connectivity. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100822. [PMID: 32868265 PMCID: PMC7365931 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh G Goetschius
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Tyler C Hein
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center (SMITREC), Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, United States
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Population Studies Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Nestor L Lopez-Duran
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Vonnie C McLoyd
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne
- Teachers College and The College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 10027, United States
| | - Sara S McLanahan
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, 08544, United States
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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Yu W, Wang L, Yang L, Li YJ, Wang M, Qiu C, Yang Q, Li XB, Huang YL, Liu R, Wu YM. Activation of LXRβ Signaling in the Amygdala Confers Anxiolytic Effects Through Rebalancing Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmission upon Acute Stress. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1253-1270. [PMID: 32297184 PMCID: PMC7609627 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of major excitatory (glutamate, Glu) and inhibitory (γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA), named as E/I neurotransmission, is critical for proper information processing. Anxiety-like responses upon stress are accompanied by abnormal alterations in the formation and function of synapses, resulting in the imbalance of E/I neurotransmission in the amygdala. Liver X receptors (LXRs), including LXRα and LXRβ isoforms, are nuclear receptors responsible for regulating central nervous system (CNS) functions besides maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, little is known about the contribution of LXRs in E/I balance in regulating anxiety-related behaviors induced by stress. In this study, we found stress-induced anxiety led to the expression reduction of LXRβ not LXRα in mice amygdala. GW3965, a dual agonist for both LXRα and LXRβ, alleviated anxiety-like behaviors of stressed mice through activation of LXRβ, confirmed by the knockdown of LXRβ mediated by lentiviral shRNAs in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). This was paralleled by correcting the disequilibrium of E/I neurotransmission in the stressed BLA. Importantly, GW3965 exerted anxiolytic effects by correcting the promoted amplitude and frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC), and augmenting the decreased that of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) in the stressed BLA. This suggests that stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors can largely be ascribed to the deficit of LXRβ signaling in E/I neurotransmission in BLA. These findings highlight the deficiency of LXRβ signaling in the amygdala linked to anxiety disorder, and LXRβ activation may represent a potential novel target for anxiety treatment with an alteration in synaptic transmission in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jiao Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Long Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Proximal threats promote enhanced acquisition and persistence of reactive fear-learning circuits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16678-16689. [PMID: 32601212 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004258117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical proximity to a traumatic event increases the severity of accompanying stress symptoms, an effect that is reminiscent of evolutionarily configured fear responses based on threat imminence. Despite being widely adopted as a model system for stress and anxiety disorders, fear-conditioning research has not yet characterized how threat proximity impacts the mechanisms of fear acquisition and extinction in the human brain. We used three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality technology to manipulate the egocentric distance of conspecific threats while healthy adult participants navigated virtual worlds during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Consistent with theoretical predictions, proximal threats enhanced fear acquisition by shifting conditioned learning from cognitive to reactive fear circuits in the brain and reducing amygdala-cortical connectivity during both fear acquisition and extinction. With an analysis of representational pattern similarity between the acquisition and extinction phases, we further demonstrate that proximal threats impaired extinction efficacy via persistent multivariate representations of conditioned learning in the cerebellum, which predicted susceptibility to later fear reinstatement. These results show that conditioned threats encountered in close proximity are more resistant to extinction learning and suggest that the canonical neural circuitry typically associated with fear learning requires additional consideration of a more reactive neural fear system to fully account for this effect.
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55
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Mao Y, Zuo XN, Ding C, Qiu J. OFC and its connectivity with amygdala as predictors for future social anxiety in adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 44:100804. [PMID: 32716853 PMCID: PMC7301179 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety is a common problem that usually emerges at puberty, during which great developmental changes occur both in the brain and mental state. However, little is known about the influence of social anxiety on adolescents’ brain and behavior. The present study investigated the neural basis of social anxiety using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity analysis. Then we investigated whether social anxiety is associated with attention bias. Furthermore, we investigated the neural basis of this association. Finally, longitudinal data was used to test if these biomarkers could predict social anxiety. The results indicated that social anxiety is positively associated with the grey matter volume (GMV) of orbital-frontal cortex (OFC), and the functional connectivity (FC) of OFC-amygdala. Mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between social anxiety and attention avoidance is partly mediated by the FC of OFC-amygdala. Finally, the present study demonstrated a close relationship between FC of the OFC-amygdala, the GMV of the OFC and the individual’s social anxiety one year later. The present study suggested the aberrant structure of OFC and its connectivity with amygdala as the neural underpinning of social anxiety, which might serve as a compensatory mechanism to decrease attention avoidance and promote effective emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Institute of Psychology, CAS, Beijing, China.
| | - Cody Ding
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Educational Psychology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, United States.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Liu WZ, Zhang WH, Zheng ZH, Zou JX, Liu XX, Huang SH, You WJ, He Y, Zhang JY, Wang XD, Pan BX. Identification of a prefrontal cortex-to-amygdala pathway for chronic stress-induced anxiety. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2221. [PMID: 32376858 PMCID: PMC7203160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated prefrontal control over amygdala is engaged in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases including depression and anxiety disorders. Here we show that, in a rodent anxiety model induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS), the dysregulation occurs in basolateral amygdala projection neurons receiving mono-directional inputs from dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC→BLA PNs) rather than those reciprocally connected with dmPFC (dmPFC↔BLA PNs). Specifically, CRS shifts the dmPFC-driven excitatory-inhibitory balance towards excitation in the former, but not latter population. Such specificity is preferential to connections made by dmPFC, caused by enhanced presynaptic glutamate release, and highly correlated with the increased anxiety-like behavior in stressed mice. Importantly, low-frequency optogenetic stimulation of dmPFC afferents in BLA normalizes the enhanced prefrontal glutamate release onto dmPFC→BLA PNs and lastingly attenuates CRS-induced increase of anxiety-like behavior. Our findings thus reveal a target cell-based dysregulation of mPFC-to-amygdala transmission for stress-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhu Liu
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China.,Department of Biological Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Zheng
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zou
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Liu
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Shou-He Huang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Jie You
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Ye He
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China. .,Department of Biological Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China.
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57
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Obuchi M, Huckins JF, Wang W, Dasilva A, Rogers C, Murphy E, Hedlund E, Holtzheimer P, Mirjafari S, Campbell A. Predicting Brain Functional Connectivity Using Mobile Sensing. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON INTERACTIVE, MOBILE, WEARABLE AND UBIQUITOUS TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 4:23. [PMID: 36540188 PMCID: PMC9762691 DOI: 10.1145/3381001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain circuit functioning and connectivity between specific regions allow us to learn, remember, recognize and think as humans. In this paper, we ask the question if mobile sensing from phones can predict brain functional connectivity. We study the brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala, which has been shown by neuroscientists to be associated with mental illness such as anxiety and depression. We discuss initial results and insights from the NeuroSence study, an exploratory study of 105 first year college students using neuroimaging and mobile sensing across one semester. We observe correlations between several behavioral features from students' mobile phones and connectivity between vmPFC and amygdala, including conversation duration (r=0.365, p<0.001), sleep onset time (r=0.299, p<0.001) and the number of phone unlocks (r=0.253, p=0.029). We use a support vector classifier and 10-fold cross validation and show that we can classify whether students have higher (i.e., stronger) or lower (i.e., weaker) vmPFC-amygdala RSFC purely based on mobile sensing data with an F1 score of 0.793. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to report that resting-state brain functional connectivity can be predicted using passive sensing data from mobile phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Obuchi
- Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jeremy F Huckins
- Dartmouth College, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Weichen Wang
- Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Alex Dasilva
- Dartmouth College, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Courtney Rogers
- Dartmouth College, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Eilis Murphy
- Dartmouth College, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Elin Hedlund
- Dartmouth College, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Paul Holtzheimer
- National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, 05009, USA, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | | | - Andrew Campbell
- Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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Jenks SK, Zhang S, Li CSR, Hu S. Threat bias and resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala and bed nucleus stria terminalis. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 122:54-63. [PMID: 31927266 PMCID: PMC7010552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has distinguished the activations of the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) during threat-related contingencies. However, how intrinsic connectivities of the amygdala and BNST relate to threat bias remains unclear. Here, we investigated how resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the amygdala and BNST in healthy controls (HC) and patients with anxiety-related disorders (PAD) associate with threat bias in a dot-probe task. METHODS Imaging and behavioral data of 30 PAD and 83 HC were obtained from the Nathan Kline Institute - Rockland sample and processed according to published routines. All imaging results were evaluated at voxel p < 0.001 and cluster p < 0.05, FWE corrected in SPM. RESULTS PAD and HC did not show differences in whole brain rsFC with either the amygdala or BNST. In linear regressions threat bias was positively correlated with amygdala-thalamus/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) rsFC in HC but not PAD, and with BNST-caudate rsFC in PAD but not HC. Slope tests confirmed group differences in the correlations between threat bias and amygdala-thalamus/ACC as well as BNST-caudate rsFC. LIMITATIONS As only half of the patients included were diagnosed with comorbid anxiety, the current findings need to be considered with the clinical heterogeneity and require replication in populations specifically with anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest amygdala and BNST connectivities as new neural markers of anxiety disorders. Whereas amygdala-thalamus/ACC rsFC support adaptive regulation of threat response in the HC, BNST-caudate rsFC may reflect maladaptive neural processes that are dominated by anticipatory anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Jenks
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA.
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Sun D, Gold AL, Swanson CA, Haswell CC, Brown VM, Stjepanovic D, LaBar KS, Morey RA. Threat-induced anxiety during goal pursuit disrupts amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:61. [PMID: 32066690 PMCID: PMC7026403 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate how unpredictable threat during goal pursuit impacts fronto-limbic activity and functional connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared military veterans with PTSD (n = 25) vs. trauma-exposed control (n = 25). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while engaged in a computerized chase-and-capture game task that involved optimizing monetary rewards obtained from capturing virtual prey while simultaneously avoiding capture by virtual predators. The game was played under two alternating contexts-one involving exposure to unpredictable task-irrelevant threat from randomly occurring electrical shocks, and a nonthreat control condition. Activation in and functional connectivity between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was tested across threat and nonthreat task contexts with generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses. PTSD patients reported higher anxiety than controls across contexts. Better task performance represented by successfully avoiding capture by predators under threat compared with nonthreat contexts was associated with stronger left amygdala-vmPFC functional connectivity in controls and greater vmPFC activation in PTSD patients. PTSD symptom severity was negatively correlated with vmPFC activation in trauma-exposed controls and with right amygdala-vmPFC functional connectivity across all participants in the threat relative to nonthreat contexts. The findings showed that veterans with PTSD have disrupted amygdala-vmPFC functional connectivity and greater localized vmPFC processing under threat modulation of goal-directed behavior, specifically related to successfully avoiding loss of monetary rewards. In contrast, trauma survivors without PTSD relied on stronger threat-modulated left amygdala-vmPFC functional connectivity during goal-directed behavior, which may represent a resilience-related functional adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Sun
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC USA
| | - Andrea L. Gold
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA ,grid.281318.10000 0004 0443 4869Pediatric Anxiety Research Center, Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI USA
| | - Chelsea A. Swanson
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC USA
| | - Courtney C. Haswell
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC USA
| | - Vanessa M. Brown
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Roanoke, VA USA
| | - Daniel Stjepanovic
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Kevin S. LaBar
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC USA
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC USA
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Victoriano G, Santos-Costa N, Mascarenhas DC, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Inhibition of the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) prolongs the social defeat-induced anxiogenesis in mice: Attenuation by NMDA receptor blockade in the right mPFC. Behav Brain Res 2020; 378:112312. [PMID: 31629003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemical inhibition and nitrergic stimulation of the left and right medial prefrontal cortex (L and RmPFC), respectively, provoke anxiety in mice. Moreover, LmPFC inhibition immediately followed by a single social defeat stress (SDS) led to anxiogenesis in mice exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM) 24 h later. Given that glutamate NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors are densely present in the mPFC, we investigated (i) the time course of LmPFC inhibition + SDS-induced anxiogenesis and (ii) the effects of intra-RmPFC injection of AP-7 (a NMDA receptor antagonist) on this long-lasting anxiety. Male Swiss mice received intra-LmPFC injection of CoCl2 (1 mM) and 10 min later were subjected to a single SDS episode and then (i) exposed to the EPM 2, 5, or 10 days later or (ii) 2 days later, received intra-RmPFC injection of AP-7 (0.05 nmol) and were exposed to the EPM to observe the percentage of open arm entries and time (%OE; %OT) and frequency of closed arm entries (CE). Dorsal but not ventral LmPFC inhibition + SDS reduced open arm exploration 2, 5, and 10 days later relative to that of saline-treated or non-defeated mice. Moreover, this effect is not due to locomotor impairment as assessed using the general activity. Intra-RmPFC AP-7 injection 2 days after LmPFC inhibition + SDS prevented this type of anxiogenesis. These results suggest that the integrity of the LmPFC is important for mice to properly cope with SDS, and that NMDA receptor blockade in the RmPFC facilitates resilience to SDS-induced anxiogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Victoriano
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP - São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathália Santos-Costa
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP - São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Cardozo Mascarenhas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP - São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Maier A, Heinen-Ludwig L, Güntürkün O, Hurlemann R, Scheele D. Childhood Maltreatment Alters the Neural Processing of Chemosensory Stress Signals. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:783. [PMID: 32848947 PMCID: PMC7425696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment (CM) confers risk for psychopathology later in life by inducing hypervigilance to social threat cues such as fearful faces. However, it remains unclear whether the modulatory impact of CM extents to the olfactory domain of social communication in humans. To address this question, we examined whether CM modulates the neural processing of chemosensory threat signals in sweat and whether CM affects the stress-reducing effects of oxytocin (OXT) in this context. In a randomized, double-blind within-subject functional MRI study design, 58 healthy participants (30 females) received intranasal OXT (40 IU) or placebo (PLC) and completed a forced-choice emotion recognition task with faces of varying emotion intensities (neutral to fearful) while exposed to sweat stimuli and a non-social control odor. Axillary sweat samples were collected from 30 healthy male donors undergoing an acute psychosocial stressor (stress) and ergometer training (sport) as control in a pre-study. CM was assessed by the 25-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The final fMRI analysis included 50 healthy participants (26 females). Regression analysis showed a stress-specific association of CTQ scores with amygdala hyperreactivity, hippocampal deactivation, and increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the hippocampus, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) under PLC. Furthermore, we observed a positive association of CTQ scores and the dampening effects of OXT on stress-related amygdala responses. Our findings suggest that CM may induce hypervigilance to chemosensory threat cues in a healthy sample due to inefficient frontolimbic inhibition of amygdala activation. Future studies should investigate whether increased recruitment of the intralimbic amygdala-hippocampus complex reflects a compensatory mechanism that prevents the development of psychopathology in those who have experienced CM. Furthermore, the results reveal that the stress-specific effects of OXT in the olfactory domain are more pronounced in participants with increasing levels of CM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayline Maier
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Heinen-Ludwig
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Scheele
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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62
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Fourie MM, Stein DJ, Solms M, Gobodo-Madikizela P, Decety J. Effects of early adversity and social discrimination on empathy for complex mental states: An fMRI investigation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12959. [PMID: 31506497 PMCID: PMC6737126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence of an association between early adversity and enduring neural changes that impact socioemotional processing throughout life. Yet little is known about the effects of on-going social discrimination on socioemotional functioning. Here we examined how cumulative experiences of social discrimination impact brain response during empathic responding—a crucial issue in South Africa, given its historical apartheid context and continuing legacies. White and Black South Africans completed measures of social adversity (early adversity and social discrimination), and underwent fMRI while viewing video clips depicting victims and perpetrators of apartheid crimes. Increased neural response was detected in brain regions associated with cognitive rather than affective empathy, and greater social adversity was associated with reduced reported compassion across participants. Notably, social discrimination (due to income level, weight, gender) in White participants was associated with increased amygdala reactivity, whereas social discrimination (due to race) in Black participants mediated the negative associations of temporoparietal junction and inferior frontal gyrus activation with compassion during emotionally provocative conditions. These findings suggest that (i) social discrimination has comparable associations at the neural level as other psychosocial stressors, and that (ii) the mechanisms underlying empathic responding vary as a function of the type of social discrimination experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike M Fourie
- Studies in Historical Trauma and Transformation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Solms
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela
- Studies in Historical Trauma and Transformation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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63
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Abstract
Modern decision neuroscience offers a powerful and broad account of human behaviour using computational techniques that link psychological and neuroscientific approaches to the ways that individuals can generate near-optimal choices in complex controlled environments. However, until recently, relatively little attention has been paid to the extent to which the structure of experimental environments relates to natural scenarios, and the survival problems that individuals have evolved to solve. This situation not only risks leaving decision-theoretic accounts ungrounded but also makes various aspects of the solutions, such as hard-wired or Pavlovian policies, difficult to interpret in the natural world. Here, we suggest importing concepts, paradigms and approaches from the fields of ethology and behavioural ecology, which concentrate on the contextual and functional correlates of decisions made about foraging and escape and address these lacunae.
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64
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Mulcahy JS, Larsson DEO, Garfinkel SN, Critchley HD. Heart rate variability as a biomarker in health and affective disorders: A perspective on neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116072. [PMID: 31386920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic embodiment of psychological processes is evident in the association of health outcomes, behavioural traits and psychological functioning with Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The dominant high-frequency component of HRV is an index of the central neural control of heart rhythm, mediated via the parasympathetic vagus nerve. HRV provides a potential objective measure of action policies for the adaptive and predictive allostatic regulation of homeostasis within the cardiovascular system. In its support, a network of brain regions (referred to as the 'central autonomic network') maps internal state, and controls autonomic responses. This network includes regions of prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, periaqueductal grey, pons and medulla. Human neuroimaging studies of neural activation and functional connectivity broadly endorse this architecture, and its link with cardiac regulation at rest and dysregulation in clinical states that include affective disorders. In this review, we appraise neuroimaging research and related evidence for HRV as an informative marker of autonomic integration with affect and cognition, taking a perspective on function and organisation. We consider evidence for the utility of HRV as a metric to inform targeted interventions to improve autonomic and affective dysregulation, and suggest research questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Mulcahy
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RY, UK.
| | | | - Sarah N Garfinkel
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RY, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RR, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, BN2 3EW, UK
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RY, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RR, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, BN2 3EW, UK
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65
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Chen W, de Hemptinne C, Leibbrand M, Miller AM, Larson PS, Starr PA. Altered Prefrontal Theta and Gamma Activity during an Emotional Face Processing Task in Parkinson Disease. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1768-1776. [PMID: 31322465 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) often experience nonmotor symptoms including cognitive deficits, depression, and anxiety. Cognitive and affective processes are thought to be mediated by prefrontal cortico-basal ganglia circuitry. However, the topography and neurophysiology of prefrontal cortical activity during complex tasks are not well characterized. We used high-resolution electrocorticography in pFC of patients with PD and essential tremor, during implantation of deep brain stimulator leads in the awake state, to understand disease-specific changes in prefrontal activity during an emotional face processing task. We found that patients with PD had less task-related theta-alpha power and greater task-related gamma power in the dorsolateral pFC, inferior frontal cortex, and lateral OFC. These findings support a model of prefrontal neurophysiological changes in the dopamine-depleted state, in which focal areas of hyperactivity in prefrontal cortical regions may compensate for impaired long-range interactions mediated by low-frequency rhythms. These distinct neurophysiological changes suggest that nonmotor circuits undergo characteristic changes in PD.
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66
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Riedel P, Heil M, Bender S, Dippel G, Korb FM, Smolka MN, Marxen M. Modulating functional connectivity between medial frontopolar cortex and amygdala by inhibitory and excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4301-4315. [PMID: 31268615 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal-limbic network in the human brain plays a major role in social cognition, especially cognitive control of emotion. The medial frontopolar cortex (mFP; Brodmann Area 10) and the amygdala are part of this network and display correlated neuronal activity in time, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This functional connectivity is dynamic, sensitive to training, and affected in mental disorders. However, the effects of neurostimulation on functional connectivity within this network have not yet been systematically investigated. Here, we investigate the effects of both low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the right mFP on functional connectivity between mFP and amygdala, as measured with resting state fMRI (rsfMRI). Three groups of healthy participants received either low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz; N = 18), sham TMS (1 Hz, subthreshold; N = 18) or high-frequency rTMS (20 Hz; N = 19). rsfMRI was acquired before and after (separate days). We hypothesized a modulation of functional connectivity in opposite directions compared to sham TMS through adjustment of the stimulation frequency. Groups differed in functional connectivity between mFP and amygdala after stimulation compared to before stimulation (low-frequency: decrease, high-frequency: increase). Motion or induced changes in neuronal activity were excluded as confounders. Results show that rTMS is effective for increasing and decreasing functional coherence between prefrontal and limbic regions. This finding is relevant for social and affective neuroscience as well as novel treatment approaches in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Heil
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Medical Faculty, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriel Dippel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska M Korb
- Department of General Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Marxen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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67
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Vieira JB, Pierzchajlo SR, Mitchell DGV. Neural correlates of social and non-social personal space intrusions: Role of defensive and peripersonal space systems in interpersonal distance regulation. Soc Neurosci 2019; 15:36-51. [PMID: 31151372 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1626763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Personal space regulation ensures the maintenance of a margin of safety between the individual and the surrounding world. However, little is known about the specific neural mechanisms implicated in regulating the distance from conspecifics versus non-social stimuli. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of personal space intrusions by social versus non-social stimuli. Thirty volunteers underwent fMRI scanning while viewing approaching or withdrawing faces (Social) and insects/arachnids (Non-social). Preferred distance to the stimuli was assessed behaviourally in a computerized task, and in real life. Results showed that approaching social and non-social stimuli of varying threat levels elicited activation of frontoparietal regions previously linked to peripersonal space, as well as of the midbrain periaqueductal gray, suggesting the engagement of defensive mechanisms by personal space intrusions. However, functional connectivity patterns of the midbrain differed for social and non-social stimuli, with enhanced coupling with the premotor cortex to approaching social stimuli. Additionally, connectivity strength between the midbrain and the premotor cortex was associated with preferred interpersonal distance. These findings highlight a common defensive architecture implicated in personal space regulation to social and non-social stimuli, and the specific neural mechanisms involved in regulating the distance from conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Vieira
- Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen R Pierzchajlo
- Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Derek G V Mitchell
- Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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68
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Chronic Stress Causes Projection-Specific Adaptation of Amygdala Neurons via Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Downregulation. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:812-828. [PMID: 30737013 PMCID: PMC6800185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the amygdala in mediating stress coping has been long appreciated. However, basolateral amygdala (BLA) projection neurons (PNs) are organized into discrete output circuits, and it remains unclear whether stress differentially impacts these circuits. METHODS Mice were exposed to acute restraint stress or chronic restraint stress (CRS), and c-fos expression was measured as a proxy for neuronal activation in Retrobead retrogradely labeled dorsomedial prefrontal cortex-targeting PNs (BLA→dmPFC) and non-dmPFC-targeting PNs (BLA↛dmPFC). Next, the effects of CRS on neuronal firing and membrane potassium channel current were examined via ex vivo electrophysiology in these neuronal populations and correlated with anxiety-like behavior, as measured in the elevated plus maze and novel open field tests. Lastly, the ability of virus-mediated overexpression of subtype 2 of small-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (SK2) channel in BLA↛dmPFC PNs to negate the anxiety-related effects of CRS was assessed. RESULTS BLA→dmPFC PNs were transiently activated after CRS, whereas BLA↛dmPFC showed sustained c-fos expression and augmented firing to external input. CRS led to a loss of SK2 channel-mediated currents in BLA↛dmPFC PNs, which correlated with heightened anxiety-like behavior. Virus-mediated maintenance of SK2 channel currents in BLA↛dmPFC PNs prevented CRS-induced anxiety-like behavior. Finally, CRS produced persistent activation of BLA PNs targeting the ventral hippocampus, and virally overexpressing SK2 channels in this projection population were sufficient to prevent CRS-induced anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS The current data reveal that chronic stress produces projection-specific functional adaptations in BLA PNs. These findings offer new insight into the neural circuits that contribute to stress-induced psychopathology.
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69
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Kleshchova O, Rieder JK, Grinband J, Weierich MR. Resting amygdala connectivity and basal sympathetic tone as markers of chronic hypervigilance. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:68-78. [PMID: 30529716 PMCID: PMC6605037 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hypervigilance, a state of sustained alertness and hyperarousal in the absence of threat, has been shown to predict poorer clinical outcomes post-trauma. An exaggerated and persistent amygdala alerting response to affective information has been proposed as a reactivity-based, and thus indirect, marker of hypervigilance. However, because chronic hypervigilance is a persistent rather than reactive state, it should be directly observable under resting-state conditions without the need for exposure to affectively charged stimuli. OBJECTIVE We tested resting amygdala connectivity and basal sympathetic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity as direct neural and neuroendocrine markers of chronic hypervigilance. PARTICIPANTS 24 trauma-exposed women (age M = 22.9, SD = 5.5) and 20 no-trauma controls (age M = 21.1, SD = 3.2). MEASURES Amygdala connectivity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during viewing of novel and familiar affective scenes. Elevated amygdala connectivity during the viewing of novel scenes (exaggerated alerting response) and familiar scenes (persistent alerting response) was used as a reactivity-based index of hypervigilance. Resting amygdala connectivity and basal salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol were tested as neural and neuroendocrine markers of hypervigilance, respectively. RESULTS Compared to no-trauma controls, trauma-exposed women showed greater connectivity between the left amygdala and the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) both during affective processing and at rest. Exaggerated neural novelty response was associated with greater resting left amygdala-vACC connectivity and higher basal sAA, but not cortisol. CONCLUSIONS Greater synchronization of threat-detection circuitry in the absence of threat and basal sympathetic tone might serve as complementary resting-state markers of the cognitive and physiological components of chronic hypervigilance, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kleshchova
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jenna K. Rieder
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mariann R. Weierich
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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70
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Loewenstern J, You X, Merchant J, Gordon EM, Stollstorff M, Devaney J, Vaidya CJ. Interactive effect of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF polymorphisms on amygdala intrinsic functional connectivity and anxiety. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 285:1-8. [PMID: 30711709 PMCID: PMC6699775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms have been associated with risk for affective disorders and functional variability of the amygdala. We examined whether the two genotypes interactively influence intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala and whether FC mediates the genetic association with anxiety. Eighty genotyped healthy adults underwent resting state fMRI and completed the self-reported State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Interactive genetic association with anxiety was observed such that effects of 5-HTTLPR depended on the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265 variant), with higher anxiety scores in short and Met carriers compared to the other allelic groups. Voxel-wise FC with left and right amygdala seeds identified regions that were sensitive to variability in anxiety scores. A significant moderated mediation model demonstrated that the effect of 5-HTTLPR genotype on anxiety, moderated by BDNF Val66Met genotype, was fully mediated by FC between the left amygdala and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a cognitive control-related region, during a task-free state. FC was highest in carriers of the 5-HTTLPR short allele and BDNF Met allele. These findings establish intrinsic amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity as a potential intermediate phenotype for anxiety, an important step toward identification of causal pathways for vulnerability to affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Loewenstern
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306 White-Gravenor, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Xiaozhen You
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306 White-Gravenor, Washington, DC 20057, United States; Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Junaid Merchant
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306 White-Gravenor, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Evan M Gordon
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, United States; Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Melanie Stollstorff
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joseph Devaney
- Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chandan J Vaidya
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306 White-Gravenor, Washington, DC 20057, United States; Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
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71
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Paul S, Beucke JC, Kaufmann C, Mersov A, Heinzel S, Kathmann N, Simon D. Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity during appraisal of symptom-related stimuli in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2019; 49:278-286. [PMID: 29622050 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171800079x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posit dysfunctional appraisal of disorder-relevant stimuli in patients, suggesting disturbances in the processes relying on amygdala-prefrontal connectivity. Recent neuroanatomical models add to the traditional view of dysfunction in corticostriatal circuits by proposing alterations in an affective circuit including amygdala-prefrontal connections. However, abnormalities in amygdala-prefrontal coupling during symptom provocation, and particularly during conditions that require stimulus appraisal, remain to be demonstrated directly. METHODS Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity was examined in unmedicated OCD patients during appraisal (v. distraction) of symptom-provoking stimuli compared with an emotional control condition. Subsequent analyses tested whether hypothesized connectivity alterations could be also identified during passive viewing and the resting state in two independent samples. RESULTS During symptom provocation, reductions in positive coupling between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex were observed in OCD patients relative to healthy control participants during appraisal and passive viewing of OCD-relevant stimuli, whereas abnormally high amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex coupling was found when appraisal was distracted by a secondary task. In contrast, there were no group differences in amygdala connectivity at rest. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of abnormal amygdala-prefrontal connectivity during appraisal of symptom-related (relative to generally aversive) stimuli is consistent with the involvement of affective circuits in the functional neuroanatomy of OCD. Aberrant connectivity can be assumed to impact stimulus appraisal and emotion regulation, but might also relate to fear extinction deficits, which have recently been described in OCD. Taken together, we propose to integrate abnormalities in amygdala-prefrontal coupling in affective models of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paul
- Department of Psychology,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,Germany
| | - Jan C Beucke
- Department of Psychology,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,Germany
| | | | - Anna Mersov
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology,University of Toronto,Canada
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Department of Psychology,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,Germany
| | | | - Daniela Simon
- Department of Psychology,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,Germany
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72
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Asami T, Takaishi M, Nakamura R, Yoshida H, Yoshimi A, Whitford TJ, Inoue T, Hirayasu Y. Cortical thickness reductions in the middle frontal cortex in patients with panic disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 240:199-202. [PMID: 30077161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder (PD), an anxiety disorder characterized by the recurrence of panic attacks, has been reported to be associated with volumetric changes in several brain regions. There are, however, very few studies investigating abnormalities in cortical thickness, and little is known about the relationship between cortical thickness and social dysfunction in PD. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with PD and 38 healthy control participants (HC) were recruited for this study. A whole-brain analysis was performed to evaluate groupwise differences in cortical thickness using the FreeSurfer software. Symptom severity and social functioning were evaluated with the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. RESULTS The patients with PD demonstrated a significant reduction in cortical thickness in the left rostral middle frontal cortex (MFC), compared with the HC. Correlational analyses revealed that cortical thickness in the left rostral MFC showed a significant negative relationship with PDSS score and a significant positive relationship with GAF scores in the PD patients. LIMITATIONS All the patients received medication. CONCLUSION PD patients showed reduced cortical thickness in the left rostral MFC compared with HC. Furthermore, cortical thickness in this region was associated with patients' symptom severity and degree of social dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Asami
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masao Takaishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Yoshida
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Asuka Yoshimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Thomas J Whitford
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirayasu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Rosa LA. Solving the prefrontal conundrum of high-order anxiety: conciliating HOTEC and hypofrontality. A theoretical review. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:335-349. [PMID: 30256715 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1527217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the High-order Theory of Emotional Consciousness (HOTEC), every emotional process is a conscious and high-order state of mind carried out by the General Networks of Cognition (GNC), which consists mainly of prefrontal mechanisms. This means that anxiety is also an emotional state of mind carried out by the GNC (positive correlation). However, numerous studies have suggested what is commonly called "hypofrontality" during states of anxiety (negative correlation), which seems to give rise to a theoretical and empirical contraction. METHODS I present a theoretical review to address the following issue: how to advocate a HOTEC view of anxiety in the face of a growing paradigm of hypofrontality during states of anxiety? RESULTS Here I propose that dmPFC, the dACC, and the anterior insula are GNC areas positively correlated with anxiety, which, along with the prefrontal areas responsible for regulating the activation of survival circuits and driving the attention to adaptive ways to overcome potential threats, form an interconnective model of anticipatory and regulatory mechanisms related to learned threats based on autobiographical memories. CONCLUSIONS Through this model, I propose that HOTEC is still a valid way to approach and understand both healthy and unhealthy anxious states of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Rosa
- a Psychology of Learning Laboratory (LPA), Department of Psychology , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
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74
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Parrish MH, Inagaki TK, Muscatell KA, Haltom KEB, Leary MR, Eisenberger NI. Self-compassion and responses to negative social feedback: The role of fronto-amygdala circuit connectivity. SELF AND IDENTITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2018.1490344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Parrish
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Keely A. Muscatell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kate E. B. Haltom
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R. Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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75
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Yu AP, Tam BT, Lai CW, Yu DS, Woo J, Chung KF, Hui SS, Liu JY, Wei GX, Siu PM. Revealing the Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Tai Chi: A Neuroimaging Perspective. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018. [PMID: 29542330 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tai Chi Chuan (TCC), a traditional Chinese martial art, is well-documented to result in beneficial consequences in physical and mental health. TCC is regarded as a mind-body exercise that is comprised of physical exercise and meditation. Favorable effects of TCC on body balance, gait, bone mineral density, metabolic parameters, anxiety, depression, cognitive function, and sleep have been previously reported. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining the effects of TCC remain largely unclear. Recently, advances in neuroimaging technology have offered new investigative opportunities to reveal the effects of TCC on anatomical morphologies and neurological activities in different regions of the brain. These neuroimaging findings have provided new clues for revealing the mechanisms behind the observed effects of TCC. In this review paper, we discussed the possible effects of TCC-induced modulation of brain morphology, functional homogeneity and connectivity, regional activity and macro-scale network activity on health. Moreover, we identified possible links between the alterations in brain and beneficial effects of TCC, such as improved motor functions, pain perception, metabolic profile, cognitive functions, mental health and sleep quality. This paper aimed to stimulate further mechanistic neuroimaging studies in TCC and its effects on brain morphology, functional homogeneity and connectivity, regional activity and macro-scale network activity, which ultimately lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of TCC on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus P Yu
- * School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bjorn T Tam
- ‡ Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher W Lai
- § Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Doris S Yu
- ∥ The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean Woo
- ** Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai Chung
- † Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stanley S Hui
- †† Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Justina Y Liu
- ¶ School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gao X Wei
- ‡‡ Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Parco M Siu
- * School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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76
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Van Dessel J, Sonuga-Barke E, Mies G, Lemiere J, Van der Oord S, Morsink S, Danckaerts M. Delay aversion in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is mediated by amygdala and prefrontal cortex hyper-activation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:888-899. [PMID: 29427289 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental research supports delay aversion as a motivational feature of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate the neurobiology of delay aversion in ADHD, this study examined whether adolescents with ADHD display an unusually strong activation in affective brain regions in response to cues predicting forthcoming delay and whether these effects are (a) delay-dose dependent and (b) statistically mediate the association between ADHD and self-reported delay aversion. METHODS Twenty-nine right-handed male adolescents with combined type ADHD and 32 typically developing controls (ages 10-18 years) performed a reaction time task in an MRI scanner. Pretarget cues indicated delay-related response consequences. One indicated that delay would follow the response irrespective of response speed (CERTAIN DELAY), a second that delay would only follow if the response was too slow (CONDITIONAL DELAY), and a third that no delay would follow the response whatever its speed (NO DELAY). Delay levels were 2, 6, or 14 s. Participants also rated their own delay aversion in everyday life. RESULTS Individuals with ADHD rated themselves as more delay averse than controls. Significantly greater activation to CERTAIN DELAY cues relative to NO DELAY cues was found in participants with ADHD compared to controls (bilaterally) in amygdala, anterior insula, temporal pole, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Amygdala and DLPFC activation strength were strongly and delay-dose dependently correlated with delay aversion ratings, and statistically mediated the relationship between ADHD status and delay aversion. CONCLUSIONS When presented with cues predicting impending delay, adolescents with ADHD, relative to controls, displayed a delay-related increase in activation in amygdala and DLPFC, regions known to be implicated in the processing of aversive events. Future studies should examine the specificity of these effects to delay aversion compared to aversive events in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van Dessel
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabry Mies
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Lemiere
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saskia Van der Oord
- Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Morsink
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Danckaerts
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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77
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Iadipaolo AS, Marusak HA, Paulisin SM, Sala-Hamrick K, Crespo LM, Elrahal F, Peters C, Brown S, Rabinak CA. Distinct neural correlates of trait resilience within core neurocognitive networks in at-risk children and adolescents. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:24-34. [PMID: 29988970 PMCID: PMC6034583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Most children who are exposed to threat-related adversity (e.g., violence, abuse, neglect) are resilient - that is, they show stable trajectories of healthy psychological development. Despite this, most research on neurodevelopmental changes following adversity has focused on the neural correlates of negative outcomes, such as psychopathology. The neural correlates of trait resilience in pediatric populations are unknown, and it is unclear whether they are distinct from those related to adversity exposure and the absence of negative outcomes (e.g., depressive symptomology). Methods This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study reports on a diverse sample of 55 children and adolescents (ages 6-17 years) recruited from a range of stressful environments (e.g., lower income, threat-related adversity exposure). Participants completed a multi-echo multi-band resting-state fMRI scan and self-report measures of trait resilience and emotion-related symptomology (e.g., depressive symptoms). Resting-state data were submitted to an independent component analysis (ICA) to identify core neurocognitive networks (salience and emotion network [SEN], default mode network [DMN], central executive network [CEN]). We tested for links among trait resilience and dynamic (i.e., time-varying) as well as conventional static (i.e., averaged across the entire session) resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of core neurocognitive networks. Results Youth with higher trait resilience spent a lower fraction of time in a particular dynamic rsFC state, characterized by heightened rsFC between the anterior DMN and right CEN. Within this state, trait resilience was associated with lower rsFC of the SEN with the right CEN and anterior DMN. There were no associations among trait resilience and conventional static rsFC. Importantly, although more resilient youth reported lower depressive symptoms, the effects of resilience on rsFC were independent of depressive symptoms and adversity exposure. Conclusions The present study is the first to report on the neural correlates of trait resilience in youth, and offers initial insight into potential adaptive patterns of brain organization in the context of environmental stressors. Understanding the neural dynamics underlying positive adaptation to early adversity will aid in the development of interventions that focus on strengthening resilience rather than mitigating already-present psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilary A Marusak
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Shelley M Paulisin
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Laura M Crespo
- Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Farrah Elrahal
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Craig Peters
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Suzanne Brown
- Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Christine A Rabinak
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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78
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Jaiswal S, Tsai SY, Juan CH, Liang WK, Muggleton NG. Better Cognitive Performance Is Associated With the Combination of High Trait Mindfulness and Low Trait Anxiety. Front Psychol 2018; 9:627. [PMID: 29780338 PMCID: PMC5946020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several ways in which cognitive and neurophysiological parameters have been consistently used to explain the variability in cognitive ability between people. However, little has been done to explore how such cognitive abilities are influenced by differences in personality traits. Dispositional mindfulness and anxiety are two inversely linked traits that have been independently attributed to a range of cognitive functions. The current study investigated these two traits in combination along with measures of the attentional network, cognitive inhibition, and visual working memory (VWM) capacity. A total of 392 prospective participants were screened to select two experimental groups each of 30 healthy young adults, with one having high mindfulness and low anxiety (HMLA) and the second having low mindfulness and high anxiety (LMHA). The groups performed an attentional network task, a color Stroop task, and a change detection test of VWM capacity. Results showed that the HMLA group was more accurate than the LMHA group on the Stroop and change detection tasks. Additionally, the HMLA group was more sensitive in detecting changes and had a higher WMC than the LMHA group. This research adds to the literature that has investigated mindfulness and anxiety independently with a comprehensive investigation of the effects of these two traits in conjunction on executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Jaiswal
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yang Tsai
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Liang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Neil G. Muggleton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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79
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Zhou L, Fisher ML, Cole RD, Gould TJ, Parikh V, Ortinski PI, Turner JR. Neuregulin 3 Signaling Mediates Nicotine-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Orbitofrontal Cortex and Cognition. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1343-1354. [PMID: 29114105 PMCID: PMC5916355 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) and ErbB4 have been linked to nicotine addiction; however, the neuronal mechanisms and behavioral consequences of NRG3-ErbB4 sensitivity to nicotine remain elusive. Recent literature suggests that relapse to smoking is due to a lack of impulsive control, which is thought to be due to altered functioning within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Therefore, we examined circuitry changes within this structure following nicotine application. We report that nicotine controls synaptic plasticity in the OFC through NRG3/ErbB4-dependent regulation of GABAergic inhibition. We observed that both nicotine and NRG3 facilitated the conversion of long-term potentiation into long-term depression at cortical layer 3/5 synapses. Induction of long-term depression by nicotine relied on nicotinic receptor activation and key regulators of NRG3 signaling: (1) release of intracellular calcium, (2) activation of the BACE1 beta-secretase, and (3) ErbB4 receptor activation. Nicotine-induced synaptic plasticity was also associated with accumulation of intracellular GABA and was completely blocked by GABAA/GABAB antagonists. To test whether these mechanisms underlie OFC-dependent behavior, we evaluated the effects of nicotine in the go/no-go task. Nicotine-impaired stimulus discrimination in this task was rescued by pharmacologic disruption of the NRG3 receptor, ErbB4. Altogether, our data indicate that nicotine-induced synaptic plasticity in the OFC and cognitive changes depend on NRG3-ErbB4 signaling. We propose that nicotine activation of this pathway may contribute to nicotine addiction, particularly in individuals with genetic variation in NRG3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Zhou
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Miranda L Fisher
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Robert D Cole
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pavel I Ortinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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80
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Chen J, Chen Y, Gao Q, Chen G, Dai Y, Yao Z, Lu Q. Impaired Prefrontal-Amygdala Pathway, Self-Reported Emotion, and Erection in Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction Patients With Normal Nocturnal Erection. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:157. [PMID: 29740301 PMCID: PMC5928255 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the prefrontal cortex and amygdala play an important role in sexual arousal (SA). However, little is known about the interactions between the prefrontal and cortex amygdala, which mediate the cognitive regulation of emotion and SA. Objective: We seek to determine whether nocturnal erection of psychogenic erectile dysfunction (pED) patients are normal and whether there are changes of topological organization in the prefrontal-amygdala pathway of brain network in pED. In addition, whether there are correlations between network property changes and self-reported emotion and erection. Design, setting, and participants: We used the RigiScan device to evaluate erectile function of patients and employed diffusion MRI and graph theory to construct brain networks of 21 pED patients and 24 healthy controls. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: We considered four nodal metrics and their asymmetry scores, and nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) parameters, to evaluate the topological properties of brain networks of pED and their relationships with the impaired self-reported emotion and erection. Results and limitations: All the pED patients showed normal nocturnal penile erection, however impaired self-reported erection and negative emotion. In addition, patients showed lower connectivity degree and strength in the left prefrontal-amygdala pathway. We also found that pED exhibited lower leftward asymmetry in the inferior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, patients showed more hub regions and fewer pivotal connections. Moreover, the degree of the left amygdala of pED showed significantly negative correlation with the self-reported erection and positive correlation with the self-reported negative emotion. Conclusions: Together, these results suggest normal nocturnal erection in pED. However, abnormalities of brain network organization in pED, particularly in the left prefrontal-amygdala pathway, are associated with the impaired self-reported erection and negative emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqiang Gao
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guotao Chen
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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81
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Abidi M, Bruce J, Le Blanche A, Bruce A, Jarmolowicz DP, Csillik A, Thai NJ, Lim SL, Heinzlef O, de Marco G. Neural mechanisms associated with treatment decision making: An fMRI study. Behav Brain Res 2018; 349:54-62. [PMID: 29698695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in understanding how people make financial decisions. However, there is little research on how people make health and treatment choices. Our study aimed to examine how participants weigh benefits (reduction in disease progression) and probability of risk (medications' side effects) when making hypothetical treatment decisions, and to identify the neural networks implicated in this process. Fourteen healthy participants were recruited to perform a treatment decision probability discounting task using MRI. Behavioral responses and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were measured. A whole brain analysis were performed to compare activity changes between "mild" and "severe" medications' side effects conditions. Then, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventral striatum (VS), amygdala and insula were chosen for effective connectivity analysis. Behavioral data showed that participants are more likely to refuse medication when side effects are high and efficacy is low. SCRs values were significantly higher when people made medication decisions in the severe compared to mild condition. Functionally, OFC and VS were activated in the mild condition and were associated with increased likehood of choosing to take medication (higher area under the curve "AUC" side effects/efficacy). These regions also demonstrated an increased effective connectivity when participants valued treatment benefits. By contrast, the OFC, insula and amygdala were activated in the severe condition and were associated with and increased likelihood to refuse treatment. These regions showed enhanced effective connectivity when participants were confronted with increased side effects severity. This is the first study to examine the behavioral and neural bases of medical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Abidi
- Laboratoire CeRSM (EA-2931), UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, F92000, Nanterre, France.
| | - Jared Bruce
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Unviersity of Missouri - Kansas City
| | - Alain Le Blanche
- Laboratoire CeRSM (EA-2931), UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, F92000, Nanterre, France; Hôpital René-Dubos de Pontoise and Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Simone Veil UFR des Sciences de la Santé, France
| | - Amanda Bruce
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - David P Jarmolowicz
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
| | - Antonia Csillik
- EA 4430, Clinique Psychanalyse et Développement (CLIPSYD), Paradigme empirique et Thérapies cognitivo-comportementales, Université Paris-Nanterre, 200 avenue de la République, 92000, Nanterre, France
| | - N Jade Thai
- Clinical Research & Imaging Centre (CRIC Bristol), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Seung-Lark Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | | | - Giovanni de Marco
- Laboratoire CeRSM (EA-2931), UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, F92000, Nanterre, France
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82
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Cano M, Alonso P, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Subirà M, Real E, Segalàs C, Pujol J, Cardoner N, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C. Altered functional connectivity of the subthalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2018; 48:919-928. [PMID: 28826410 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) has allowed for the description of the putative mechanism of action of treatments such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, the possible FC alterations of other clinically-effective DBS targets have not been explored. Here we evaluated the FC patterns of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in patients with OCD, as well as their association with symptom severity. METHODS Eighty-six patients with OCD and 104 healthy participants were recruited. A resting-state image was acquired for each participant and a seed-based analysis focused on our two regions of interest was performed using statistical parametric mapping software (SPM8). Between-group differences in FC patterns were assessed with two-sample t test models, while the association between symptom severity and FC patterns was assessed with multiple regression analyses. RESULTS In comparison with controls, patients with OCD showed: (1) increased FC between the left STN and the right pre-motor cortex, (2) decreased FC between the right STN and the lenticular nuclei, and (3) increased FC between the left BNST and the right frontopolar cortex. Multiple regression analyses revealed a negative association between clinical severity and FC between the right STN and lenticular nucleus. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a neurobiological framework to understand the mechanism of action of DBS on the STN and the BNST, which seems to involve brain circuits related with motor response inhibition and anxiety control, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cano
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain
| | - P Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain
| | - I Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain
| | - M Subirà
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain
| | - E Real
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain
| | - C Segalàs
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain
| | - J Pujol
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid,Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid,Spain
| | - J M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain
| | - C Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain
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Gamble KR, Vettel JM, Patton DJ, Eddy MD, Caroline Davis F, Garcia JO, Spangler DP, Thayer JF, Brooks JR. Different profiles of decision making and physiology under varying levels of stress in trained military personnel. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 131:73-80. [PMID: 29580904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Decision making is one of the most vital processes we use every day, ranging from mundane decisions about what to eat to life-threatening choices such as how to avoid a car collision. Thus, the context in which our decisions are made is critical, and our physiology enables adaptive responses that account for how environmental stress influences our performance. The relationship between stress and decision making can additionally be affected by one's expertise in making decisions in high-threat environments, where experts can develop an adaptive response that mitigates the negative impacts of stress. In the present study, 26 male military personnel made friend/foe discriminations in an environment where we manipulated the level of stress. In the high-stress condition, participants received a shock when they incorrectly shot a friend or missed shooting a foe; in the low-stress condition, participants received a vibration for an incorrect decision. We characterized performance using signal detection theory to investigate whether a participant changed their decision criterion to avoid making an error. Results showed that under high-stress, participants made more false alarms, mistaking friends as foes, and this co-occurred with increased high frequency heart rate variability. Finally, we examined the relationship between decision making and physiology, and found that participants exhibited adaptive behavioral and physiological profiles under different stress levels. We interpret this adaptive profile as a marker of an expert's ingrained training that does not require top down control, suggesting a way that expert training in high-stress environments helps to buffer negative impacts of stress on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Gamble
- US Army Research Laboratory, B459, Mulberry Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA.
| | - Jean M Vettel
- US Army Research Laboratory, B459, Mulberry Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA; University of California, Santa Barbara, 251, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Debra J Patton
- US Army Research Laboratory, B459, Mulberry Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA.
| | - Marianna D Eddy
- US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA; Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - F Caroline Davis
- US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA; Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Javier O Garcia
- US Army Research Laboratory, B459, Mulberry Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA; University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Derek P Spangler
- US Army Research Laboratory, B459, Mulberry Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA.
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Justin R Brooks
- US Army Research Laboratory, B459, Mulberry Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA.
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84
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Silston
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dean Mobbs
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
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85
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Bradley MM, Zlatar ZZ, Lang PJ. Startle reflex modulation during threat of shock and "threat" of reward. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:10.1111/psyp.12989. [PMID: 28881032 PMCID: PMC5773360 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During threat of shock, the startle reflex is potentiated, suggesting modulation by defensive mobilization. To determine whether startle potentiation is specific to aversive anticipation, startle reflexes were measured in the context of either aversive or appetitive anticipation in a between-subject study. Participants wore a device on the wrist that could deliver electrical shock (n = 49), or vibrotactile stimulation indicating monetary reward (n = 48). Cues signaling "threat" or "safe" periods were presented alone, or accompanied by presentation of affective and neutral pictures on half of the trials. Results indicated that the startle reflex was significantly potentiated when anticipating either shock or reward, compared to safe periods, both when no picture was presented, as well as during picture viewing. The difference between threat and safety in both reflex magnitude and skin conductance changes was larger for those anticipating shock, suggesting that the aversive context was more motivationally engaging. The pattern of reflex modulation as a function of picture valence varied under threat and safety, but was identical in the shock and reward groups, consistent with a hypothesis that anticipation of either aversive or appetitive events prompts heightened perceptual vigilance, potentiating the acoustic startle reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zvinka Z Zlatar
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter J Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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86
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Xu L, Xu S, Lin L, Gu X, Fu C, Fang Y, Li X, Wang X. High-fat Diet Mediates Anxiolytic-like Behaviors in a Time-dependent Manner Through the Regulation of SIRT1 in the Brain. Neuroscience 2018; 372:237-245. [PMID: 29331532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) and obesity have been associated not only with metabolic diseases but also with neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression and anxiety. However, results on the effects of an HFD on anxiety are controversial, since both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects have been reported. In this study, we evaluated the effects of both short- and long-term intake of an HFD on anxiety-like behaviors. To explore the impact of time on the association between an HFD and anxiety, mice were fed with an HFD for 4 weeks or 12 weeks. Compared with control-diet mice, mice given an HFD for 4 weeks displayed anxiolytic-like behaviors. At the same time, we observed decreased SIRT1 expression in the mPFC and the amygdala of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, reversed the anxiolytic-like behaviors in HFD-fed mice. However, after 12 weeks of consuming a high-fat diet, mice did not exhibit any anti-anxiety behavior or further decreases in SIRT1 expression in the aforementioned brain regions compared with CD-fed mice. When EX-527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, was intraperitoneally injected, we observed anxiolytic effects in the CD-fed mice but not in the 12-week HFD-fed mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that exposure to a short-term HFD can induce anxiolytic behaviors, which may be associated with decreased SIRT1 in the mPFC and the amygdala. However, this effect is abolished when the high-fat diet is extended to 12 weeks. Together, these results demonstrate that SIRT1 plays an essential role in regulating mood-related behaviors in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Fang
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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87
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Luo Y, Fernández G, Hermans E, Vogel S, Zhang Y, Li H, Klumpers F. How acute stress may enhance subsequent memory for threat stimuli outside the focus of attention: DLPFC-amygdala decoupling. Neuroimage 2018; 171:311-322. [PMID: 29329979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related disorders, e.g., anxiety and depression, are characterized by decreased top-down control for distracting information, as well as a memory bias for threatening information. However, it is unclear how acute stress biases mnemonic encoding and leads to prioritized storage of threat-related information even if outside the focus of attention. In the current study, healthy adults (N = 53, all male) were randomly assigned to stress induction using the socially evaluated cold-pressor test (SECPT) or a control condition. Participants performed a task in which they were required to identify a target letter within a string of letters that were either identical to the target and thereby facilitating detection (low distractor load) or mixed with other letters to complicate the search (high load). Either a fearful or neutral face was presented on the background, outside the focus of attention. Twenty-four hours later, participants were asked to perform a surprise recognition memory test for those background faces. Stress induction resulted in increased cortisol and negative subjective mood ratings. Stress did not affect visual search performance, however, participants in the stress group showed stronger memory compared to the control group for fearful faces in the low attentional load condition. Critically, the stress induced memory bias was accompanied by decoupling between amygdala and DLFPC during encoding, which may represent a mechanism for decreased ability to filter task-irrelevant threatening background information. The current study provides a potential neural account for how stress can produce a negative memory bias for threatening information even if presented outside the focus of attention. Despite of an adaptive advantage for survival, such tendencies may ultimately also lead to generalized fear, a possibility requiring additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou, PR China; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erno Hermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Vogel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Hong Li
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Floris Klumpers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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88
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Kruse O, Tapia León I, Stalder T, Stark R, Klucken T. Altered reward learning and hippocampal connectivity following psychosocial stress. Neuroimage 2017; 171:15-25. [PMID: 29288866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stress has a profound influence on learning, as has been demonstrated in verbal learning or fear conditioning. However, its effect on appetitive conditioning is still unclear. Fear conditioning research suggests the possibility of overgeneralization of conditioning to the CS- under acute stress due to its effect on prefrontal and hippocampal processing. In this study, participants (N = 56 males) were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test or a placebo version. After that, all participants underwent an appetitive conditioning paradigm in the fMRI, in which one neutral cue (CS+) was repeatedly paired with reward, while another (CS-) was not. Importantly, the stress-group revealed overgeneralization of conditioning to the CS- on the behavioral level. On the neural level, stressed participants showed increased connectivity between the hippocampus and amygdala, vACC, and OFC, which maintain specificity of conditioning and also showed reduced differential activation. The results indicate overgeneralization of appetitive conditioning promoted by maladaptive balancing of pattern separation and pattern completion in the hippocampus under acute stress and are discussed with respect to clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno Kruse
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Isabell Tapia León
- Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Tim Klucken
- Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
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89
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Clark US, Miller ER, Hegde RR. Experiences of Discrimination Are Associated With Greater Resting Amygdala Activity and Functional Connectivity. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 3:367-378. [PMID: 29628069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social discrimination, a type of psychological stressor, is associated with poorer physical and mental health outcomes, yet we have little understanding of how discrimination affects neural functions in marginalized populations. By contrast, the effects of psychological stress on neural functions are well documented, with evidence of significant effects on the amygdala-a neural region that is central to psychosocial functions. Accordingly, we conducted an examination of the relation between self-reported discrimination exposure and amygdala activity in a diverse sample of adults. METHODS Seventy-four adults (43% women; 72% African American; 23% Hispanic; 32% homosexual/bisexual) completed self-report ratings of discrimination exposure. Spontaneous amygdala activity and functional connectivity were assessed during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Greater discrimination exposure was associated with higher levels of spontaneous amygdala activity. Increases in discrimination were also associated with stronger functional connectivity between the amygdala and several neural regions (e.g., anterior insula, putamen, caudate, anterior cingulate, medial frontal gyrus), with the most robust effects observed in the thalamus. These effects were independent of several demographic (e.g., race, ethnicity, sex) and psychological (e.g., current stress, depression, anxiety) factors. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that social discrimination is independently associated with elevations in intrinsic amygdala activity and functional connectivity, thus revealing clear parallels between the neural substrates of discrimination and psychological stressors of other origins. Such results should spur future investigations of amygdala-based networks as potential etiological factors linking discrimination exposure to adverse physical and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uraina S Clark
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Evan R Miller
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rachal R Hegde
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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90
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Peng K, Steele SC, Becerra L, Borsook D. Brodmann area 10: Collating, integrating and high level processing of nociception and pain. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 161:1-22. [PMID: 29199137 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple frontal cortical brain regions have emerged as being important in pain processing, whether it be integrative, sensory, cognitive, or emotional. One such region, Brodmann Area 10 (BA 10), is the largest frontal brain region that has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of functions including risk and decision making, odor evaluation, reward and conflict, pain, and working memory. BA 10, also known as the anterior prefrontal cortex, frontopolar prefrontal cortex or rostral prefrontal cortex, is comprised of at least two cytoarchitectonic sub-regions, medial and lateral. To date, the explicit role of BA 10 in the processing of pain hasn't been fully elucidated. In this paper, we first review the anatomical pathways and functional connectivity of BA 10. Numerous functional imaging studies of experimental or clinical pain have also reported brain activations and/or deactivations in BA 10 in response to painful events. The evidence suggests that BA 10 may play a critical role in the collation, integration and high-level processing of nociception and pain, but also reveals possible functional distinctions between the subregions of BA 10 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - Sarah C Steele
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Lino Becerra
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
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91
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Schmidt A, Müller F, Dolder PC, Schmid Y, Zanchi D, Egloff L, Liechti ME, Borgwardt S. Acute Effects of Methylphenidate, Modafinil, and MDMA on Negative Emotion Processing. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:345-354. [PMID: 29206921 PMCID: PMC5887414 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulants such as methylphenidate and modafinil are frequently used as cognitive enhancers in healthy people, whereas 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) is proposed to enhance mood and empathy in healthy subjects. However, comparative data on the effects of methylphenidate and modafinil on negative emotions in healthy subjects have been partially missing. The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of methylphenidate and modafinil on the neural correlates of fearful face processing using 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine as a positive control. METHODS Using a double-blind, within-subject, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 60 mg methylphenidate, 600 mg modafinil, and 125 mg 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine were administrated to 22 healthy subjects while performing an event-related fMRI task to assess brain activation in response to fearful faces. Negative mood states were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and subjective ratings. RESULTS Relative to placebo, modafinil, but not methylphenidate or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, increased brain activation within a limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit during fearful face processing. Modafinil but not methylphenidate also increased amygdala responses to fearful faces compared with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Furthermore, activation in the middle and inferior frontal gyrus in response to fearful faces correlated positively with subjective feelings of fearfulness and depressiveness after modafinil administration. CONCLUSIONS Despite the cognitive enhancement effects of 600 mg modafinil in healthy people, potential adverse effects on emotion processing should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Correspondence: André Schmidt, PhD, University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland ()
| | - Felix Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Dolder
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Schmid
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Zanchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Egloff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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92
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Balderston NL, Liu J, Roberson-Nay R, Ernst M, Grillon C. The relationship between dlPFC activity during unpredictable threat and CO 2-induced panic symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1266. [PMID: 29213110 PMCID: PMC5802456 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder is characterized by sudden, repeated, and unexpected attacks of intense fear and overwhelming anxiety about when another attack may strike. Patients with panic disorder and healthy individuals with a history of panic attacks show a hypersensitivity to unpredictable threats, suggesting a possible link between panic and sustained anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which induced symptoms of panic relate to fear and anxiety, as well as activity in the neural systems that mediate and regulate these affective states. Psychological and physiological symptoms of panic were assessed during an 8-min 7.5% CO2 challenge task. Psychological, physiological, and neural symptoms of fear and anxiety were measured during two sessions (one psychophysiology and one functional magnetic resonance imaging where subjects experienced several blocks of no threat (N), predictable shock (P), and unpredictable shock (U; NPU threat task). We used a principle component analysis to characterize panic susceptibility (PS), and found that PS significantly predicted dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity to the unpredictable cue during the NPU threat task. When examining the weighted beta coefficients from this analysis, we observed that self-reported fear/anxiety during the CO2 challenge negatively loaded onto dlPFC activity during the NPU task. Consistent with this observation, dlPFC activity during the unpredictable cue was also negatively correlated with anxiety during the NPU sessions. Together, these results suggest that panic symptoms and anxiety are regulated by the same prefrontal cognitive control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. Balderston
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jeffrey Liu
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- 0000 0004 0458 8737grid.224260.0Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Monique Ernst
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christian Grillon
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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93
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Vida MD, Behrmann M. Subcortical Facilitation of Behavioral Responses to Threat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13087. [PMID: 29026099 PMCID: PMC5638842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral responses to threat are critical to survival. Several cortical and subcortical brain regions respond selectively to threat. However, the relation of these neural responses and their underlying representations to behavior is unclear. We examined the contribution of lower-order subcortical representations to behavioral responses to threat in adult humans. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants viewed pairs of images presented to the same eye or to different eyes. We observed a monocular advantage, which indicates subcortical facilitation, for ancestral threats (snakes, spiders), but not for modern threats, positive images, or neutral images. In Experiment 3, we presented pairs of snakes or neutral images into the temporal or nasal hemifield. For snakes only, we observed a temporal hemifield advantage, which indicates facilitation by the retino-tectal subcortical pathway. These results advance the current understanding of processing of threat by adult humans by revealing the characteristics of behaviors driven by a lower-order neural mechanism that is specialized for the processing of ancestral threats. The results also contribute to ongoing debates concerning the biological generality of neural mechanisms for processing of complex, emotionally-relevant stimuli by providing evidence for conservation of lower-order neural mechanisms for processing of ancestral threats across both ontogeny and phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Vida
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marlene Behrmann
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.
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94
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Heesink L, Edward Gladwin T, Terburg D, van Honk J, Kleber R, Geuze E. Proximity alert! Distance related cuneus activation in military veterans with anger and aggression problems. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 266:114-122. [PMID: 28654776 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Problems involving anger and aggression are common after military deployment, and may involve abnormal responses to threat. This study therefore investigated effects on neural activation related to threat and escapability among veterans with deployment experience. Twenty-seven male veterans with anger and aggression problems (Anger group) and 30 Control veterans performed a virtual predator-task during fMRI measurement. In this task, threat and proximity were manipulated. The distance of cues determined their possibility for escape. Cues signaled impending attack by zooming in towards the participant. If Threat cues, but not Safe cues, reached the participants without being halted by a button press, an aversive noise (105dB scream) was presented. In both the Threat and the Safe condition, closer proximity of the virtual predator resulted in stronger activation in the cuneus in the Anger versus Control group. The results suggest that anger and aggression problems are related to a generalized sensitivity to proximity rather than preparatory processes related to task-contingent aversive stimuli. Anger and aggression problems in natural, dynamically changing environments may be related to an overall heightened vigilance, which is non-adaptively driven by proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Heesink
- University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Research Center Military Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Edward Gladwin
- University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Research Center Military Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Terburg
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jack van Honk
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rolf Kleber
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Foundation Arq, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert Geuze
- University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Research Center Military Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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96
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White LK, Sequeira S, Britton JC, Brotman MA, Gold AL, Berman E, Towbin K, Abend R, Fox NA, Bar-Haim Y, Leibenluft E, Pine DS. Complementary Features of Attention Bias Modification Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174:775-784. [PMID: 28407726 PMCID: PMC6343478 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16070847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the treatment of anxiety disorders, attention bias modification therapy (ABMT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may have complementary effects by targeting different aspects of perturbed threat responses and behaviors. ABMT may target rapid, implicit threat reactions, whereas CBT may target slowly deployed threat responses. The authors used amygdala-based connectivity during a threat-attention task and a randomized controlled trial design to evaluate potential complementary features of these treatments in pediatric anxiety disorders. METHOD Prior to treatment, youths (8-17 years old) with anxiety disorders (N=54), as well as healthy comparison youths (N=51), performed a threat-attention task during functional MRI acquisition. Task-related amygdala-based functional connectivity was assessed. Patients with and without imaging data (N=85) were then randomly assigned to receive CBT paired with either active or placebo ABMT. Clinical response was evaluated, and pretreatment amygdala-based connectivity profiles were compared among patients with varying levels of clinical response. RESULTS Compared with the CBT plus placebo ABMT group, the CBT plus active ABMT group exhibited less severe anxiety after treatment. The patient and healthy comparison groups differed in amygdala-insula connectivity during the threat-attention task. Patients whose connectivity profiles were most different from those of the healthy comparison group exhibited the poorest response to treatment, particularly those who received CBT plus placebo ABMT. CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence of enhanced clinical effects for patients receiving active ABMT. Moreover, ABMT appears to be most effective for patients with abnormal amygdala-insula connectivity. ABMT may target specific threat processes associated with dysfunctional amygdala-insula connectivity that are not targeted by CBT alone. This may explain the observation of enhanced clinical response to CBT plus active ABMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. White
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Stefanie Sequeira
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Jennifer C. Britton
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Andrea L. Gold
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Erin Berman
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Kenneth Towbin
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Rany Abend
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Nathan A. Fox
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- From NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; the Child Development Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park; and the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
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97
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Yin D, Liu W, Zeljic K, Lv Q, Wang Z, You M, Men W, Fan M, Cheng W, Wang Z. Failure in Cognitive Suppression of Negative Affect in Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6583. [PMID: 28747683 PMCID: PMC5529377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivity of limbic (e.g., amygdalar) responses to negative stimuli has been implicated in the pathophysiology of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Evidence has also suggested that even a simple cognitive task involving emotionally salient stimuli can modulate limbic and prefrontal neural activation. However, whether neural modulation of emotional stimulus processing in a cognitive task is defective in adolescents with GAD has not yet been investigated. In this study, 20 adolescents with GAD and 14 comparable healthy controls underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) coupled with an emotional valence evaluation task. During the evaluation of negative versus neutral stimuli, we found significant activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in healthy controls, while the bilateral amygdala was activated in GAD patients. Between-group analyses showed dramatically reduced task-activation of the right IFG in GAD patients, and the magnitude of IFG activity negatively correlated with symptom severity. Psychophysiological interaction analysis further revealed significantly decreased functional interaction between right IFG and anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in GAD patients compared with healthy controls. Taken together, our findings show failure to suppress negative affect by recruiting a cognitive distraction in adolescents with GAD, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Kristina Zeljic
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meina You
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wenhong Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Psychological Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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98
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Wagner AN, Bradshaw SD, Dawson JA, Shumway ST. Examining Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Tonic Anxiety in Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery: A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2017.1322422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison N. Wagner
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer D. Bradshaw
- Addictive Disorders and Recovery Studies Program, Department of Community, Family, & Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - John A. Dawson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sterling T. Shumway
- Addictive Disorders and Recovery Studies Program, Department of Community, Family, & Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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The Lesion Analysis of Cholinergic Neurons in 5XFAD Mouse Model in the Three-Dimensional Level of Whole Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4115-4125. [PMID: 28597200 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic system is very important for many higher brain functions, including learning and memory. Cholinergic neurons, especially those in the basal forebrain, are specifically susceptible in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we studied the cholinergic system lesion effects of five familial AD mutations in 5XFAD mice, a transgenic mouse model of AD. Although the cholinergic system has been studied in this mouse model, the cholinergic deficits in AD mice have never been systematically mapped in a whole-brain three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Using the 3D reconstruction technology combined with immunohistochemistry (3D-IHC) and design-based stereology, we comprehensively compared the differences of the cholinergic neurons and fibers between the 5XFAD mice and C57BL/6 control mice at different age. Here, we found that the lesion of cholinergic fibers occurred earlier than the cholinergic neuron loss in 5XFAD mice. The cholinergic fiber lesions in the AD mice started sequentially in amygdala, cortex, hippocampus, and then basal forebrain. However, the basal forebrain was the first brain region observed with cholinergic neuron loss at the age of 9 months in 5XFAD mice, whereas such phenomenon first occurred at the age of 15 months in C57BL/6 control mice. Moreover, using 3D reconstruction to compare the lesion of cholinergic system of aged 5XFAD and C57BL/6 control mice, it is intuitive to notice the pathologic regions and severity of lesion. Therefore, the 3D-IHC provides detailed overview of the cholinergic neurons in the whole mouse brain, which will contribute to the study of the developing and pathologic mouse brain.
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100
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Roccato M, Russo S. Right-wing authoritarianism, societal threat to safety, and psychological distress. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Roccato
- Department of Psychology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Youth & Society; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
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