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Cernat A, Ştefan G, Tertis M, Cristea C, Simon I. An overview of the detection of serotonin and dopamine with graphene-based sensors. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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52
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Castagnola E, Robbins EM, Woeppel KM, McGuier M, Golabchi A, Taylor IM, Michael AC, Cui XT. Real-Time Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Detection and Quantification of Exogenously Administered Melatonin in Mice Brain. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:602216. [PMID: 33330433 PMCID: PMC7732424 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has been recently considered an excellent candidate for the treatment of sleep disorders, neural injuries, and neurological diseases. To better investigate the actions of MT in various brain functions, real-time detection of MT concentrations in specific brain regions is much desired. Previously, we have demonstrated detection of exogenously administered MT in anesthetized mouse brain using square wave voltammetry (SWV). Here, for the first time, we show successful detection of exogenous MT in the brain using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) on electrochemically pre-activated carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs). In vitro evaluation showed the highest sensitivity (28.1 nA/μM) and lowest detection limit (20.2 ± 4.8 nM) ever reported for MT detection at carbon surface. Additionally, an extensive CFE stability and fouling assessment demonstrated that a prolonged CFE pre-conditioning stabilizes the background, in vitro and in vivo, and provides consistent CFE sensitivity over time even in the presence of a high MT concentration. Finally, the stable in vivo background, with minimized CFE fouling, allows us to achieve a drift-free FSCV detection of exogenous administered MT in mouse brain over a period of 3 min, which is significantly longer than the duration limit (usually < 90 s) for traditional in vivo FSCV acquisition. The MT concentration and dynamics measured by FSCV are in good agreement with SWV, while microdialysis further validated the concentration range. These results demonstrated reliable MT detection using FSCV that has the potential to monitor MT in the brain over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Castagnola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elaine M. Robbins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Woeppel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Moriah McGuier
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Vincent College, Latrobe, PA, United States
| | - Asiyeh Golabchi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - I. Mitch Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Vincent College, Latrobe, PA, United States
| | - Adrian C. Michael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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A 433-MHz surface acoustic wave sensor with Ni-TiO 2-poly(L-lysine) composite film for dopamine determination. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:671. [PMID: 33225378 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A ternary hybrid material composed of Ni nanoparticles (NPs), TiO2 NPs, and poly(L-lysine) (Ply) was used as a sensing material. It was electrodeposited in situ onto a commercial 433-MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator to construct a Ni-TiO2-Ply/SAW sensor. The Ni-TiO2-Ply sensing layer fully covered the resonant cavity of the SAW resonator. As the sensing layer completely covers the interdigital transducer and piezoelectric substrate, the sensing area is significantly increased, and the resonator is protected from damage or contamination. To detect the level of dopamine (DA) in serum, the fabrication of the Ni-TiO2-Ply sensing layer, distributions of various components in the sensing layer, and responses of the SAW biosensor to DA were investigated in detail. In addition, an electric field-assisted liquid-phase oxidation technique was developed for loading analytes onto the SAW sensors. After optimizing the pH value and L-lysine content of the sensing layer electrolyte and the pH value of the DA solution, the SAW biosensor responded to DA with a linear concentration range of 1 to 1000 nM, sensitivity of 5.77 MHz nM-1 cm-2, and limit of detection of 0.067 nM. Moreover, the sensor exhibited good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability at ambient temperature.Graphical abstract.
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Kaur G, Kaur A, Kaur H. Review on nanomaterials/conducting polymer based nanocomposites for the development of biosensors and electrochemical sensors. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1844233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Anupreet Kaur
- Basic and Applied Sciences Department, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Zhang X, Zhou J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Advances in nanomedicines for diagnosis of central nervous system disorders. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120492. [PMID: 33153757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In spite of a great improvement in medical health services and an increase in lifespan, we have witnessed a skyrocket increase in the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders including brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease), ischemic stroke, and epilepsy, which have seriously undermined the quality of life and substantially increased economic and societal burdens. Development of diagnostic methods for CNS disorders is still in the early stage, and the clinical outcomes suggest these methods are not ready for the challenges associated with diagnosis of CNS disorders, such as early detection, specific binding, sharp contrast, and continuous monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Another challenge is to overcome various barrier structures during delivery of diagnostic agents, especially the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Fortunately, utilization of nanomaterials has been pursued as a potential and promising strategy to address these challenges. This review will discuss anatomical and functional structures of BBB and transport mechanisms of nanomaterials across the BBB, and special emphases will be placed on the state-of-the-art advances in the development of nanomedicines from a variety of nanomaterials for diagnosis of CNS disorders. Meanwhile, current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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56
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Patel PR, Popov P, Caldwell CM, Welle EJ, Egert D, Pettibone JR, Roossien DH, Becker JB, Berke JD, Chestek CA, Cai D. High density carbon fiber arrays for chronic electrophysiology, fast scan cyclic voltammetry, and correlative anatomy. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:056029. [PMID: 33055366 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb1f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multimodal measurements at the neuronal level allow for detailed insight into local circuit function. However, most behavioral studies focus on one or two modalities and are generally limited by the available technology. APPROACH Here, we show a combined approach of electrophysiology recordings, chemical sensing, and histological localization of the electrode tips within tissue. The key enabling technology is the underlying use of carbon fiber electrodes, which are small, electrically conductive, and sensitive to dopamine. The carbon fibers were functionalized by coating with Parylene C, a thin insulator with a high dielectric constant, coupled with selective re-exposure of the carbon surface using laser ablation. MAIN RESULTS We demonstrate the use of this technology by implanting 16 channel arrays in the rat nucleus accumbens. Chronic electrophysiology and dopamine signals were detected 1 month post implant. Additionally, electrodes were left in the tissue, sliced in place during histology, and showed minimal tissue damage. SIGNIFICANCE Our results validate our new technology and methods, which will enable a more comprehensive circuit level understanding of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras R Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
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He C, Tao M, Zhang C, He Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Zhu W. Microelectrode-Based Electrochemical Sensing Technology for in Vivo Detection of Dopamine: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:544-554. [PMID: 32852227 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1811946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an essential type of neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. DA neurons usually exist as nuclei which are mainly found in the ventral tegmental area (VTN) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia and other diseases are all related to the abnormal metabolism of DA. Compared with traditional DA detection methods such as spectrophotometry and electrophoresis, electrochemical sensing technology has high detection efficiency, high sensitivity, fast and convenient real-time detection, which is recognized as the most effective method for measuring neurotransmitters in vivo. The working electrode of an electrochemical sensor can be generally divided into the conventional electrode and the microelectrode according to its size. The microelectrode shows excellent properties such as high sensitivity, high temporal resolution, and high spatial resolution while detecting DA, which makes it possible to detect neurotransmitters in vivo. In order to further investigate the role of DA in regulating action, emotion, and cognition, and to further clarify the relationship between DA abnormalities or lack and neurological diseases such as Parkinson, more and more researchers apply microelectrode-based electrochemistry sensing technology to detect DA in vivo. This article reviews recent applications of microelectrodes and the latest researches in DA detection in vivo, focusing on the following three types of microelectrodes: (1) non-nanomaterial-modified carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFE); (2) nanomaterial-modified microelectrodes; (3) microelectrode arrays (MEA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing He
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengdan Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang He
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Liu C, Zhao Y, Cai X, Xie Y, Wang T, Cheng D, Li L, Li R, Deng Y, Ding H, Lv G, Zhao G, Liu L, Zou G, Feng M, Sun Q, Yin L, Sheng X. A wireless, implantable optoelectrochemical probe for optogenetic stimulation and dopamine detection. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:64. [PMID: 34567675 PMCID: PMC8433152 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Physical and chemical technologies have been continuously progressing advances in neuroscience research. The development of research tools for closed-loop control and monitoring neural activities in behaving animals is highly desirable. In this paper, we introduce a wirelessly operated, miniaturized microprobe system for optical interrogation and neurochemical sensing in the deep brain. Via epitaxial liftoff and transfer printing, microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) as light sources and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-coated diamond films as electrochemical sensors are vertically assembled to form implantable optoelectrochemical probes for real-time optogenetic stimulation and dopamine detection capabilities. A customized, lightweight circuit module is employed for untethered, remote signal control, and data acquisition. After the probe is injected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of freely behaving mice, in vivo experiments clearly demonstrate the utilities of the multifunctional optoelectrochemical microprobe system for optogenetic interference of place preferences and detection of dopamine release. The presented options for material and device integrations provide a practical route to simultaneous optical control and electrochemical sensing of complex nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xue Cai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Taoyi Wang
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Dali Cheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Lizhu Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Yuping Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - He Ding
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Guoqing Lv
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Guanlei Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Guisheng Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Meixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Nano-devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nano-devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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59
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2D materials in electrochemical sensors for in vitro or in vivo use. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:701-725. [PMID: 32776222 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Individual cells and cell populations are at the present time investigated with a myriad of analytical tools. While most of them are commercially available, some of these analytical tools are just emerging from research laboratories and are in the developmental phase. Electrochemical sensors which allow the monitoring of low molecular weight compounds released (and / or uptaken) by cells are among these emerging tools. Such sensors are increasingly built using 2D materials (e.g. graphene-based materials, transition metal dichalcogenides, etc.) with the aim of conferring better analytical performances to these devices. The present work critically reviews studies published during the last 10 years describing electrochemical sensors made with 2D materials and exploited to monitor small compounds (e.g. H2O2, ·NO, glucose, etc.) in living biological systems. It also discusses the very few 2D material-based electrochemical sensors which are wearable or usable in vivo. Finally, the present work includes a specific section about 2D material biocompatibility, a fundamental requirement for 2D material-based sensor applications in vitro and in vivo. As such, the review provides a critical view on the state of the art of electrochemical sensors made with 2D materials and used at cellular level and it evaluates the possibility that such sensors will be used on / in the human body on a wider scale.
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Cho W, Liu F, Hendrix A, McCray B, Asrat T, Connaughton V, Zestos AG. Timed Electrodeposition of PEDOT:Nafion onto Carbon Fiber-Microelectrodes Enhances Dopamine Detection in Zebrafish Retina. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 167:115501. [PMID: 33927449 PMCID: PMC8081298 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/aba33d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber-microelectrodes (CFMEs) are one of the standards for the detection of neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA). In this study, we demonstrate that CFMEs electrodeposited with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in the presence of Nafion exhibit enhanced sensitivity for DA detection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the smooth outer surface morphologies of polymer coatings, which filled in the ridges and grooves of the bare unmodified carbon electrode and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed PEDOT:Nafion incorporation. PEDOT:Nafion coated CMFEs exhibited a statistically enhanced two-fold increase in DA sensitivity compared to unmodified microelectrodes, with stability and integrity of the coated microelectrodes maintained for at least 4 h. A scan rate test revealed a linear relationship with peak DA oxidative current (5 μM), indicating adsorption control of DA to the surface of the PEDOT:Nafion electrode. As proof of principle, PEDOT:Nafion coated electrodes were used to detect potassium chloride (KCl)-induced DA release in zebrafish (Danio rerio) retinal tissue ex vivo, thus illustrating their applicability as biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whirang Cho
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
| | - Favian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
| | - Aaron Hendrix
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
| | - Brazil McCray
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
| | - Thomas Asrat
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
| | - Victoria Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
| | - Alexander G. Zestos
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States of America
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61
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Saunier V, Flahaut E, Blatché MC, Bergaud C, Maziz A. Carbon nanofiber-PEDOT composite films as novel microelectrode for neural interfaces and biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112413. [PMID: 32729532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A clear need exists for novel nanostructured materials that are capable to meet the performance criteria of a number of neuronal therapies including neural recording, stimulation and sensing of bioactive molecules at the electrode-tissue interface. By combining Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), with Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs), we demonstrate a versatile approach for the synthesis of a novel composite material PEDOT:CNF with remarkable electrochemical properties, combining low impedance, high surface area, high charge injection capability and reliable neurotransmitters monitoring using amperometric techniques. The oxidized CNFs were utilized as dopants of PEDOT to prepare the composite coatings through electrochemical deposition on neural microelectrodes arrays (MEA). The PEDOT:CNF modified microelectrodes demonstrated the low specific impedance of 1.28 MΩ μm2 at 1 kHz and results in unrivalled charge injection limit of 10.03 mC/cm2 when compared to other reported organic electrode nanomaterials. Furthermore, amperometric detection performances were determined for the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, exhibiting linear concentration range from 0.1 to 9 μM and from 0.06 to 9 μM respectively, high sensitivities (44.54 pA/nM.μm2 and 71.08 pA/nM.μm2, respectively) and low detection limits (0.045 μM and 0.056 μM, respectively). Cell viability was investigated on PEDOT:CNF coated microelectrodes to show that the composite material does not advocate any cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results suggest the great potential of PEDOT:CNF composite for developing next-generation multifunctional microelectrodes for applications in neural therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Saunier
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31031 Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Ali Maziz
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31031 Toulouse, France.
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62
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Chang Y, Venton BJ. Optimization of graphene oxide-modified carbon-fiber microelectrode for dopamine detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2893-2902. [PMID: 32617123 PMCID: PMC7331934 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a carbon-based material that is easily obtained from graphite or graphite oxide. GO has been used broadly for electrochemistry applications and our hypothesis is that GO coating a carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFME) will increase the sensitivity for dopamine by providing more adsorption sites due to the enhancement of oxygen functional groups. Here, we compared drop casting, dip coating, and electrodeposition methods to directly coat commercial GO on CFME surfaces. Dip coating did not result in much GO coating and drop casting resulted in large agglomerations that produced noisy signals and slow rise times. Electrodeposition method with cyclic voltammetry increase the current for dopamine and this method was the most reproducible and had the least noise compared to the other two coating methods. The optimized method used a triangular waveform scanned from -1.2 V to 1.5 V at 100 mV/s for 5 cycles in 0.2 mg/mL GO in water. With fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), the optimized GO/CFME enhanced the dopamine oxidation peak two-fold. The sensitivity of the modified electrode is 41±2 nA/μM with a linear range from 25 nM to 1 μM, and a limit of detection of 11 nM. The optimized electrodes were used to detect electrically-stimulated dopamine in brain slices to demonstrate their performance in tissue. Thus, GO can be used to enhance the sensitivity of electrodes for dopamine and improve biological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
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63
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Seven F, Gölcez T, ŞEN M. Nanoporous carbon-fiber microelectrodes for sensitive detection of H2O2 and dopamine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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64
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Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is used with carbon-fiber microelectrodes for the real-time detection of neurotransmitters on the subsecond time scale. With FSCV, the potential is ramped up from a holding potential to a switching potential and back, usually at a 400 V s-1 scan rate and a frequency of 10 Hz. The plot of current vs. applied potential, the cyclic voltammogram (CV), has a very different shape for FSCV than for traditional cyclic voltammetry collected at scan rates which are 1000-fold slower. Here, we explore the theory of FSCV, with a focus on dopamine detection. First, we examine the shape of the CVs. Background currents, which are 100-fold higher than faradaic currents, are subtracted out. Peak separation is primarily due to slow electron transfer kinetics, while the symmetrical peak shape is due to exhaustive electrolysis of all the adsorbed neurotransmitters. Second, we explain the origins of the dopamine waveform, and the factors that limit the holding potential (oxygen reduction), switching potential (water oxidation), scan rate (electrode instability), and repetition rate (adsorption). Third, we discuss data analysis, from data visualization with color plots, to the automated algorithms like principal components regression that distinguish dopamine from pH changes. Finally, newer applications are discussed, including optimization of waveforms for analyte selectivity, carbon nanomaterial electrodes that trap dopamine, and basal level measurements that facilitate neurotransmitter measurements on a longer time scale. FSCV theory is complex, but understanding it enables better development of new techniques to monitor neurotransmitters in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jill Venton
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA.
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Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) is a versatile electrochemical technique to probe neurochemical dynamics in vivo. Progress in FSCV methodology continues to address analytical challenges arising from biological needs to measure low concentrations of neurotransmitters at specific sites. This review summarizes recent advances in FSCV method development in three areas: (1) waveform optimization, (2) electrode development, and (3) data analysis. First, FSCV waveform parameters such as holding potential, switching potential, and scan rate have been optimized to monitor new neurochemicals. The new waveform shapes introduce better selectivity toward specific molecules such as serotonin, histamine, hydrogen peroxide, octopamine, adenosine, guanosine, and neuropeptides. Second, CFMEs have been modified with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes or replaced with conducting polymers to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and antifouling properties. Different geometries can be obtained by 3D-printing, manufacturing arrays, or fabricating carbon nanopipettes. Third, data analysis is important to sort through the thousands of CVs obtained. Recent developments in data analysis include preprocessing by digital filtering, principal components analysis for distinguishing analytes, and developing automated algorithms to detect peaks. Future challenges include multisite measurements, machine learning, and integration with other techniques. Advances in FSCV will accelerate research in neurochemistry to answer new biological questions about dynamics of signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumidech Puthongkham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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66
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Kamal Eddin FB, Wing Fen Y. Recent Advances in Electrochemical and Optical Sensing of Dopamine. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1039. [PMID: 32075167 PMCID: PMC7071053 DOI: 10.3390/s20041039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, several neurological disorders and neurocrine tumours are associated with dopamine (DA) concentrations in various biological fluids. Highly accurate and ultrasensitive detection of DA levels in different biological samples in real-time can change and improve the quality of a patient's life in addition to reducing the treatment cost. Therefore, the design and development of diagnostic tool for in vivo and in vitro monitoring of DA is of considerable clinical and pharmacological importance. In recent decades, a large number of techniques have been established for DA detection, including chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, spectroscopic approaches, and electrochemical (EC) methods. These methods are effective, but most of them still have some drawbacks such as consuming time, effort, and money. Added to that, sometimes they need complex procedures to obtain good sensitivity and suffer from low selectivity due to interference from other biological species such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Advanced materials can offer remarkable opportunities to overcome drawbacks in conventional DA sensors. This review aims to explain challenges related to DA detection using different techniques, and to summarize and highlight recent advancements in materials used and approaches applied for several sensor surface modification for the monitoring of DA. Also, it focuses on the analytical features of the EC and optical-based sensing techniques available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Bashar Kamal Eddin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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67
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Cho IH, Kim DH, Park S. Electrochemical biosensors: perspective on functional nanomaterials for on-site analysis. Biomater Res 2020; 24:6. [PMID: 32042441 PMCID: PMC7001310 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-019-0181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The electrochemical biosensor is one of the typical sensing devices based on transducing the biochemical events to electrical signals. In this type of sensor, an electrode is a key component that is employed as a solid support for immobilization of biomolecules and electron movement. Thanks to numerous nanomaterials that possess the large surface area, synergic effects are enabled by improving loading capacity and the mass transport of reactants for achieving high performance in terms of analytical sensitivity. MAIN BODY We categorized the current electrochemical biosensors into two groups, carbon-based (carbon nanotubes and graphene) and non-carbon-based nanomaterials (metallic and silica nanoparticles, nanowire, and indium tin oxide, organic materials). The carbon allotropes can be employed as an electrode and supporting scaffolds due to their large active surface area as well as an effective electron transfer rate. We also discussed the non-carbon nanomaterials that are used as alternative supporting components of the electrode for improving the electrochemical properties of biosensors. CONCLUSION Although several functional nanomaterials have provided the innovative solid substrate for high performances, developing on-site version of biosensor that meets enough sensitivity along with high reproducibility still remains a challenge. In particular, the matrix interference from real samples which seriously affects the biomolecular interaction still remains the most critical issues that need to be solved for practical aspect in the electrochemical biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hoon Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Kim
- Division of Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135 Republic of Korea
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68
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Low-cost, thin-film, mass-manufacturable carbon electrodes for detection of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107480. [PMID: 32045862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A flexible, thin-film carbon electrode is reported for detection of the key neurotransmitter dopamine using standard electroanalytical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The thin-film electrode has been explored as a possible low-cost solution to detect low concentrations of dopamine and its performance has been compared with a commercially available screen printed carbon electrode. It was found that the thin-film electrode is more sensitive than the screen printed electrode, and can faithfully detect dopamine between 50 pM and 1 mM concentrations. The electrode provides a limit of detection of ~50 pM, displays good selectivity between dopamine and ascorbic acid, and is able to show a level of differentiation between the two compounds in terms of peak currents as well as oxidative potentials at physiologically relevant concentrations. This is in contrast to the screen printed electrode which is unable to discriminate between dopamine and ascorbic acid at the same concentrations. The key advantages of the presented electrode system are its low-cost, flexible substrate, and the ability to achieve very low levels of dopamine detection without requiring any electrode surface modification steps, a key factor in reducing fabrication costs and overall device complexity.
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69
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Xu T, Zhang Z, Qu L. Graphene-Based Fibers: Recent Advances in Preparation and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901979. [PMID: 31334581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based fibers (GBFs) are macroscopic 1D assemblies formed by using microscopic 2D graphene sheets as building blocks. Their unique structure exhibits the same merits as graphene such as low weight, high specific surface area, excellent mechanical/electrical properties, and ease of functionalization. Furthermore, the fibrous nature of GBFs is intrinsically compatible with existing textile technologies, making them suitable for applications in flexible and wearable electronics. Recently, novel synthetic methods have endowed GBFs with new structures and functions, further improving their mechanical and electrical properties. These improvements have rapidly bridged the gaps between laboratory demonstrations and real-life applications in fiber-shaped batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochemical sensors. Recent advances in the fabrication, optimization, and application of GBFs are systematically reviewed and a perspective on their future development is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhipan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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70
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Su Y, Bian S, Sawan M. Real-time in vivo detection techniques for neurotransmitters: a review. Analyst 2020; 145:6193-6210. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Functional synapses in the central nervous system depend on a chemical signal exchange process that involves neurotransmitter delivery between neurons and receptor cells in the neuro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Zhejiang university
- Hangzhou, 310058
- China
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
| | - Sumin Bian
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
- Westlake University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
- Westlake University
- Hangzhou
- China
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71
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Sanati A, Jalali M, Raeissi K, Karimzadeh F, Kharaziha M, Mahshid SS, Mahshid S. A review on recent advancements in electrochemical biosensing using carbonaceous nanomaterials. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:773. [PMID: 31720840 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review, with 201 references, describes the recent advancement in the application of carbonaceous nanomaterials as highly conductive platforms in electrochemical biosensing. The electrochemical biosensing is described in introduction by classifying biosensors into catalytic-based and affinity-based biosensors and statistically demonstrates the most recent published works in each category. The introduction is followed by sections on electrochemical biosensors configurations and common carbonaceous nanomaterials applied in electrochemical biosensing, including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanofibers and carbon nanospheres. In the following sections, carbonaceous catalytic-based and affinity-based biosensors are discussed in detail. In the category of catalytic-based biosensors, a comparison between enzymatic biosensors and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors is carried out. Regarding the affinity-based biosensors, scholarly articles related to biological elements such as antibodies, deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) and aptamers are discussed in separate sections. The last section discusses recent advancements in carbonaceous screen-printed electrodes as a growing field in electrochemical biosensing. Tables are presented that give an overview on the diversity of analytes, type of materials and the sensors performance. Ultimately, general considerations, challenges and future perspectives in this field of science are discussed. Recent findings suggest that interests towards 2D nanostructured electrodes based on graphene and its derivatives are still growing in the field of electrochemical biosensing. That is because of their exceptional electrical conductivity, active surface area and more convenient production methods compared to carbon nanotubes. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of carbonaceous nanomaterials used in electrochemical biosensing. The content is classified into non-enzymatic sensors and affinity/ catalytic biosensors. Recent publications are tabulated and compared, considering materials, target, limit of detection and linear range of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanati
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.,Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Keyvan Raeissi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Fathallah Karimzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sahar Sadat Mahshid
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada.
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72
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Zhu M, Ye H, Lai M, Ye J, Li R, Zhang W, Liang H, Zhu R, Fan H, Chen S. The gold nanoparticle sensitized pRGO-MWCNTs grid modified carbon fiber microelectrode as an efficient sensor system for simultaneous detection of three dihydroxybenzoic acid isomers. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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73
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Rana S, Kaur R, Jain R, Prabhakar N. Ionic liquid assisted growth of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/reduced graphene oxide based electrode: An improved electro-catalytic performance for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in beverages. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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74
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Farajikhah S, Innis PC, Paull B, Wallace GG, Harris AR. Facile Development of a Fiber-Based Electrode for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2599-2604. [PMID: 31564101 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A facile one-step method was used to create a selective and sensitive electrode for dopamine (DA) detection based upon a stainless steel (SS) filament substrate and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The electrode successfully and selectively detects DA in the presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid without the need for a Nafion coating. The proposed electrode is easy to fabricate, low-cost, flexible, and strong. The rGO-SS electrode could also be incorporated into a three-dimensional braided structure enabling DA detection in a two-electrode fiber system. The sensor is an excellent candidate for production of an affordable, robust, and flexible wearable and portable sensor and expands the application of textiles in point of care diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamak Farajikhah
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Sciences (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
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75
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Puthongkham P, Venton BJ. Nanodiamond Coating Improves the Sensitivity and Antifouling Properties of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2403-2411. [PMID: 31387349 PMCID: PMC6776076 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are carbon nanomaterials with a core diamond crystalline structure and crystal defects, such as graphitic carbon and heteroatoms, on their surface. For electrochemistry, NDs are promising to increase active sites and decrease fouling, but NDs have not been studied for neurotransmitter electrochemistry. Here, we optimized ND coatings on microelectrodes and found that ND increases the sensitivity for neurotransmitters with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection and decreases electrochemical and biofouling. Different sizes and functionalizations of NDs were tested, and ND suspensions were drop-casted onto carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs). The 5 nm ND-H and 5 nm ND-COOH formed thick coatings, while the 15 and 60 nm ND-COOH formed more sparse coatings. With electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, 5 nm ND-H and 5 nm ND-COOH had high charge-transfer resistance, while 15 and 60 nm ND-COOH had low charge-transfer resistance. ND-COOH (15 nm) was optimal, with the best electrocatalytic properties and current for dopamine. Sensitivity was enhanced 2.1 ± 0.2 times and the limit of detection for dopamine improved to 3 ± 1 nM. ND coating increased current for other cations such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, but not for the anion ascorbic acid. Moreover, NDs decreased electrochemical fouling from serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and they also decreased biofouling in brain slice tissue by 50%. The current at biofouled ND-coated electrodes is similar to the signal of pristine, unfouled CFMEs. The carboxylated ND-modified CFMEs are beneficial for neurotransmitter detection because of easy fabrication, improved limit of detection, and antifouling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumidech Puthongkham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
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76
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Taylor IM, Patel NA, Freedman NC, Castagnola E, Cui XT. Direct in Vivo Electrochemical Detection of Resting Dopamine Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Carbon Nanotube Functionalized Microelectrodes. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12917-12927. [PMID: 31512849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter responsible for the maintenance of a variety of vital life functions. In vivo DA signaling occurs over multiple time scales, from subsecond phasic release due to dopamine neuron firing to tonic release responsible for long-term DA concentration changes over minutes to hours. Due to the complex, multifaceted nature of DA signaling, analytical sensing technology must be capable of recording DA from multiple locations and over multiple time scales. Decades of research has focused on improving in vivo detection capabilities for subsecond phasic DA, but the accurate detection of absolute resting DA levels in real time has proven challenging. We have developed a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based nanocomposite coating that exhibits excellent DA sensing capabilities for resting DA. PEDOT/functionalized carbon nanotube (PEDOT/CNT)-coated carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) are capable of directly measuring resting DA using square wave voltammetry (SWV) with high sensitivity and selectivity. Incorporation of a PEDOT/CNT coating significantly increases the sensitivity for the detection of resting DA by a factor of 422. SWV measurements performed at PEDOT/CNT-functionalized CFEs implanted in the rat dorsal striatum reveal the absolute basal DA concentration to be 82 ± 6 nM. Systemic administration of the dopamine transporter inhibitor nomifensine increases resting DA to a maximum 207 ± 16 nM at 28 ± 2 min following injection. PEDOT/CNT was also functionalized onto individual gold electrode sites along silicon microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to produce a multisite DA sensing electrode. MEA implantation allows for the quantification of basal DA from different brain regions with excellent spatial resolution. SWV detection paired with PEDOT/CNT functionalization is highly adaptable and shows great promise for tonic DA detection with high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Mitchell Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Saint Vincent College , Latrobe , Pennsylvania 15650 , United States
| | - Nikita Anurag Patel
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Noah Chaim Freedman
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Elisa Castagnola
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
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77
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Meng L, Turner APF, Mak WC. Modulating Electrode Kinetics for Discrimination of Dopamine by a PEDOT:COOH Interface Doped with Negatively Charged Tricarboxylate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34497-34506. [PMID: 31449380 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly developing field of conducting polymers in organic electronics has many implications for bioelectronics. For biosensing applications, tailoring the functionalities of the conducting polymer's surface is an efficient approach to improve both sensitivity and selectivity. Here, we demonstrated a facile and economic approach for the fabrication of a high-density, negatively charged carboxylic-acid-group-functionalized PEDOT (PEDOT:COOH) using an inexpensive ternary carboxylic acid, citrate, as a dopant. The polymerization efficiency was significantly improved by the addition of LiClO4 as a supporting electrolyte yielding a dense PEDOT:COOH sensing interface. The resulting PEDOT:COOH interface had a high surface density of carboxylic acid groups of 0.129 μmol/cm2 as quantified by the toluidine blue O (TBO) staining technique. The dopamine response measured with the PEDOT:COOH sensing interface was characterized by cyclic voltammetry with a significantly reduced ΔEp of 90 mV and a 3-fold increase in the Ipa value compared with those of the nonfunctionalized PEDOT sensing interface. Moreover, the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated the increased electrode kinetics and highly selective discrimination of dopamine (DA) in the presence of the interferents ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), which resulted from the introduction of negatively charged carboxylic acid groups. The negatively charged carboxylic acid groups could favor the transfer, preconcentration, and permeation of positively charged DA to deliver improved sensing performance while repelling the negatively charged AA and UA interferents. The PEDOT:COOH interface facilitated measurement of dopamine over the range of 1-85 μM, with a sensitivity of 0.228 μA μM-1, which is 4.1 times higher than that of a nonfunctionalized PEDOT electrode (0.055 μA μM-1). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a simple and economic fabrication of a high-density PEDOT:COOH interface for chemical sensing, which also has the potential for coupling with other biorecognition molecules via carboxylic acid moieties for the development of a range of advanced PEDOT-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyin Meng
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology , Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping , Sweden
| | - Anthony P F Turner
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology , Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping , Sweden
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology , Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping , Sweden
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78
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Frank JA, Antonini MJ, Anikeeva P. Next-generation interfaces for studying neural function. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:1013-1023. [PMID: 31406326 PMCID: PMC7243676 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and modulating the diversity of signals used by neurons and glia in a closed-loop fashion is necessary to establish causative links between biochemical processes within the nervous system and observed behaviors. As developments in neural-interface hardware strive to keep pace with rapid progress in genetically encoded and synthetic reporters and modulators of neural activity, the integration of multiple functional features becomes a key requirement and a pressing challenge in the field of neural engineering. Electrical, optical and chemical approaches have been used to manipulate and record neuronal activity in vivo, with a recent focus on technologies that both integrate multiple modes of interaction with neurons into a single device and enable bidirectional communication with neural circuits with enhanced spatiotemporal precision. These technologies not only are facilitating a greater understanding of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral circuits in the context of health and disease, but also are informing the development of future closed-loop therapies for neurological, neuro-immune and neuroendocrine conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Frank
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc-Joseph Antonini
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/MIT Health Science & Technology Graduate Program, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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79
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Sensitive detection of dopamine using a platinum microelectrode modified by reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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80
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Runsewe D, Betancourt T, Irvin JA. Biomedical Application of Electroactive Polymers in Electrochemical Sensors: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2629. [PMID: 31426613 PMCID: PMC6720215 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are of interest due to their unique behavior on exposure to electric fields, which has led to their use in flexible electronics, sensors, and biomaterials. The unique electroactive properties of conducting polymers allow them to be used to prepare biosensors that enable real time, point of care (POC) testing. Potential advantages of these devices include their low cost and low detection limit, ultimately resulting in increased access to treatment. This article presents a review of the characteristics of conducting polymer-based biosensors and the recent advances in their application in the recognition of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Runsewe
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Irvin
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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81
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Lee S, Eom T, Kim MK, Yang SG, Shim BS. Durable soft neural micro-electrode coating by an electrochemical synthesis of PEDOT:PSS / graphene oxide composites. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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82
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Fabrication of Au Nanoparticle-Decorated MoS2 Nanoslices as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9080653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, MoS2 nanoslices were simply prepared by using ultrasonic treatment, and were further decorated with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) through an electrodeposition process to obtain the MoS2/Au nanocomposites. The obtained nanocomposites display synergetic electrocatalytic effect for the oxidation of dopamine due to the large surface area and two-dimensional structure of the MoS2 nanoslices, combining with the high catalytic activity and good conductivity of AuNPs. An electrochemical sensor was constructed based on MoS2/Au-modified carbon paste electrode, for sensitive and quantitative determination of dopamine. The prepared electrochemical sensor proves excellent analytical performances: very high sensitivity, wide linear ranges (0.5–300 μM), and low detection limit (76 nM). Moreover, the dopamine sensor also displays high selectivity, good reproducibility and stability, and can be used in real sample analysis. The method of fabricating high-efficiency electrocatalysts and electrochemical sensors proposed in this study provides a good reference for developing more functionalized nanocomposites and for extending practical applications.
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83
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Kitko KE, Zhang Q. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: From Production to Integration With Modern Tools in Neuroscience. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:26. [PMID: 31379522 PMCID: PMC6646684 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon crystal, has emerged as a promising material for sensing and modulating neuronal activity in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we provide a primer for how manufacturing processes to produce graphene and graphene oxide result in materials properties that may be tailored for a variety of applications. We further discuss how graphene may be composited with other bio-compatible materials of interest to make novel hybrid complexes with desired characteristics for bio-interfacing. We then highlight graphene's ever-widen utility and unique properties that may in the future be multiplexed for cross-modal modulation or interrogation of neuronal network. As the biological effects of graphene are still an area of active investigation, we discuss recent development, with special focus on how surface coatings and surface properties of graphene are relevant to its biological effects. We discuss studies conducted in both non-murine and murine systems, and emphasize the preclinical aspect of graphene's potential without undermining its tangible clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E. Kitko
- Program in Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
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84
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Selvolini G, Lazzarini C, Marrazza G. Electrochemical Nanocomposite Single-Use Sensor for Dopamine Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3097. [PMID: 31337025 PMCID: PMC6679280 DOI: 10.3390/s19143097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the development of a simple and sensitive sensor based on graphite screen-printed electrodes (GSPEs) modified by a nanocomposite film for dopamine (DA) detection. The sensor was realized by electrodepositing polyaniline (PANI) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto the graphite working electrode. The sensor surface was fully characterized by means of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique using [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ as redox probes. The electrochemical behavior of the nanocomposite sensor towards DA oxidation was assessed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in phosphate buffer saline at physiological pH. The sensor response was found to be linearly related to DA concentration in the range 1-100 μM DA, with a limit of detection of 0.86 μM. The performance of the sensor in terms of reproducibility and selectivity was also studied. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied for a preliminary DA determination in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Selvolini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Cinzia Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Research Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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85
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Abstract
The widespread use of conducting polymers, especially poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), within the space of bioelectronics has enabled improvements, both in terms of electrochemistry and functional versatility, of conventional metallic electrodes. This short review aims to provide an overview of how PEDOT coatings have contributed to functionalizing existing bioelectronics, the challenges which meet conducting polymer coatings from a regulatory and stability point of view and the possibilities to bring PEDOT-based coatings into large-scale clinical applications. Finally, their potential use for enabling new technologies for the field of bioelectronics as biodegradable, stretchable and slow-stimulation materials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boehler
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zaid Aqrawe
- Department of Anatomy & Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maria Asplund
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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86
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SEN M. Using Electropolymerization-based Doping for the Electro-addressable Functionalization of a Multi-electrode Array Probe for Nucleic Acid Detection. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:565-569. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa SEN
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Izmir Katip Celebi University
- Biomedical Technologies Graduate Program, Izmir Katip Celebi University
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87
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Tavakolian-Ardakani Z, Hosu O, Cristea C, Mazloum-Ardakani M, Marrazza G. Latest Trends in Electrochemical Sensors for Neurotransmitters: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2037. [PMID: 31052309 PMCID: PMC6539656 DOI: 10.3390/s19092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemical messengers which play an important role in many of the brain functions, abnormal levels being correlated with physical, psychotic and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. Therefore, their sensitive and robust detection is of great clinical significance. Electrochemical methods have been intensively used in the last decades for neurotransmitter detection, outclassing more complicated analytical techniques such as conventional spectrophotometry, chromatography, fluorescence, flow injection, and capillary electrophoresis. In this manuscript, the most successful and promising electrochemical enzyme-free and enzymatic sensors for neurotransmitter detection are reviewed. Focusing on the activity of worldwide researchers mainly during the last ten years (2010-2019), without pretending to be exhaustive, we present an overview of the progress made in sensing strategies during this time. Particular emphasis is placed on nanostructured-based sensors, which show a substantial improvement of the analytical performances. This review also examines the progress made in biosensors for neurotransmitter measurements in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tavakolian-Ardakani
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran.
| | - Oana Hosu
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Pasteur 4 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Pasteur 4 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy.
- Instituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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88
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Barbosa NV, Troiani EP, Silva QG, Afonso AS, Faria RC. Influence of Cathodic Pretreatment in the Electrocatalytic Properties PANI Modified Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália V. Barbosa
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São Carlos São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Estela P. Troiani
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São Carlos São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Quésia G. Silva
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São Carlos São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - André S. Afonso
- Institute of Science, Engineering and TechnologyFederal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys Teófilo Otoni, MG 39803-371 Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C. Faria
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São Carlos São Carlos, SP Brazil
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89
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A comparison study of graphene-cyclodextrin conjugates for enhanced electrochemical performance of tyramine compounds. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 209:258-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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90
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Wu B, Cao B, Taylor IM, Woeppel K, Cui XT. Facile Synthesis of a 3,4-Ethylene-Dioxythiophene (EDOT) Derivative for Ease of Bio-Functionalization of the Conducting Polymer PEDOT. Front Chem 2019; 7:178. [PMID: 30984745 PMCID: PMC6450363 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of conducting polymer based bio-functional devices, a cost-effective and high yield synthesis method for a versatile monomer is desired. We report here a new synthesis strategy for a versatile monomer 2-methylene-2,3-dihydrothieno (3,4-b) (1,4) dioxine, or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene with a exomethylene side group (EDOT-EM). Compared to the previously reported synthesis route, the new strategy uses less steps, with faster reaction rate, and higher yield. The presence of EM group opens up endless possibility for derivatization via either hydro-alkoxy addition or thiol-ene click chemistry. EDOT-EM could be polymerized into stable and low impedance PEDOT-EM polymer using electro-polymerization method on different conducting substrates at both macro and micro scales. Facile post-functionalization of PEDOT-EM with molecules of varying size and functionality (from small molecules to DNAs and proteins) was achieved. The new synthetic route of EDOT-EM and the ease of post-functionalization of PEDOT-EM will greatly accelerate the use of conducting polymer in a broad range of organic electronics and bioelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ian Mitch Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Woeppel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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91
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A chemiluminescence biosensor for lysozyme detection based on aptamers and hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme modified sandwich-rod carbon fiber composite. Talanta 2019; 200:57-66. [PMID: 31036225 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In our work, aptamers and hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme modified sandwich-rod graphene quantum dots @ graphene oxide @ carbon fiber composite (DNAzyme/L-Apt/GQDs@GO@CF) was successfully prepared for sensitive and selective chemiluminescence (CL) detection of lysozyme (LZM). Initially, GQDs@GO@CF was successfully prepared and characterized. Lysozyme aptamers (L-Apt) as a recognition element and hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme (DNAzyme) as a catalyst of luminal - H2O2 were modified on the surface of GQDs@GO@CF, sequentially. The immobilization properties of GQDs@GO@CF to L-Apt and the adsorption properties of L-Apt/GQDs@GO@CF to DNAzyme were also researched, respectively. Then, the modified sandwich-rod carbon fiber composite was applied to the construction of CL biosensor for LZM detection. When LZM existed, DNAzyme would be released from the surface of L-Apt/GQDs@GO@CF and catalyzed the reaction of luminal - H2O2. Under optimized conditions, the CL biosensor for LZM detection showed wide linear range of 2.64 × 10-10 to 6.6 × 10-8 g/L and low detection limit of 1.25 × 10-11 g/L (3δ). Finally, the CL biosensor was successfully used for LZM detection in human urine samples and illustrated the potential application in pratical samples.
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92
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Jerga R, Müllerová V, Štěpánková J, Barták P, Tomková H, Rozsypal J, Skopalová J. Phospholipid-modified carbon fiber brush electrode for the detection of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-2371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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93
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Zhang SJ, Kang K, Niu LM, Kang WJ. Electroanalysis of neurotransmitters via 3D gold nanoparticles and a graphene composite coupled with a microdialysis device. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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94
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Cao Q, Puthongkham P, Venton BJ. Review: New insights into optimizing chemical and 3D surface structures of carbon electrodes for neurotransmitter detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:247-261. [PMID: 30740148 PMCID: PMC6366673 DOI: 10.1039/c8ay02472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-fiber microelectrode has been used for decades as a neurotransmitter sensor. Recently, new strategies have been developed for making carbon electrodes, including using carbon nanomaterials or pyrolyzing photoresist etched by nanolithography or 3D printing. This review summarizes how chemical and 3D surface structures of new carbon electrodes are optimized for neurotransmitter detection. There are effects of the chemical structure that are advantageous and nanomaterials are used ranging from carbon nanotube (CNT) to graphene to nanodiamond. Functionalization of these materials promotes surface oxide groups that adsorb dopamine and dopants introduce defect sites good for electron transfer. Polymer coatings such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or Nafion also enhance the selectivity, particularly for dopamine over ascorbic acid. Changing the 3D surface structure of an electrode increases current by adding more surface area. If the surface structure has roughness or pores on the micron scale, the electrode also acts as a thin layer cell, momentarily trapping the analyte for redox cycling. Vertically-aligned CNTs as well as lithographically-made or 3D printed pillar arrays act as thin layer cells, producing more reversible cyclic voltammograms. A better understanding of how chemical and surface structure affects electrochemistry enables rational design of electrodes. New carbon electrodes are being tested in vivo and strategies to reduce biofouling are being developed. Future studies should test the robustness for long term implantation, explore electrochemical properties of neurotransmitters beyond dopamine, and combine optimized chemical and physical structures for real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Jill Venton
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901
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95
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Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of neurochemicals in biological matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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96
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Talib NAA, Salam F, Sulaiman Y. Development of Highly Sensitive Immunosensor for Clenbuterol Detection by Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Graphene Oxide Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4324. [PMID: 30544568 PMCID: PMC6308686 DOI: 10.3390/s18124324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clenbuterol (CLB) is an antibiotic and illegal growth promoter drug that has a long half-life and easily remains as residue and contaminates the animal-based food product that leads to various health problems. In this work, electrochemical immunosensor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (PEDOT/GO) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for CLB detection was developed for antibiotic monitoring in a food product. The modification of SPCE with PEDOT/GO as a sensor platform was performed through electropolymerization, while the electrochemical assay was accomplished while using direct competitive format in which the free CLB and clenbuterol-horseradish peroxidase (CLB-HRP) in the solution will compete to form binding with the polyclonal anti-clenbuterol antibody (Ab) immobilized onto the modified electrode surface. A linear standard CLB calibration curve with R² = 0.9619 and low limit of detection (0.196 ng mL-1) was reported. Analysis of milk samples indicated that this immunosensor was able to detect CLB in real samples and the results that were obtained were comparable with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ain A Talib
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Salam
- Biodiagnostic-Biosensor Programme, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yusran Sulaiman
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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97
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Clinical implications and electrochemical biosensing of monoamine neurotransmitters in body fluids, in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 121:137-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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98
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Ci Q, Liu J, Qin X, Han L, Li H, Yu H, Lim KL, Zhang CW, Li L, Huang W. Polydopamine Dots-Based Fluorescent Nanoswitch Assay for Reversible Recognition of Glutamic Acid and Al 3+ in Human Serum and Living Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35760-35769. [PMID: 30255705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a facile and feasible fluorescent nanoswitch assay for reversible recognition of glutamate (Glu) and Al3+ in human serum and living cell. The proposed nanoswitch assay is based on our recently developed method for controlled synthesis of fluorescent polydopamine dots (PDADs) at room temperature with dopamine as the sole precursor. The fluorescence of nanoswitch assay could be quickly and efficiently quenched by Glu (turn-Off), and the addition of Al3+ could recover the fluorescence of the PDADs-Glu system (turn-On). Meanwhile, the reversible recognition of Glu and Al3+ in this nanoswitch system was stable after three cycles. Additionally, the system displayed excellent performance for Glu and Al3+ determination with a low detection limit of 0.12 and 0.2 μM, respectively. Moreover, PDADs are successfully applied to determine Glu and monitor Al3+ in human serum. Noteworthy, the nanoswitch assay is transported into HepG2 cells and realized "Off" detection of Glu and "On" sensing Al3+ in the living cells. Therefore, this PDADs-based nanoswitch assay provides a strategy to develop reversible recognition biosensors for intracellular and external molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Ci
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Linqi Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Haidong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117593
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , China
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99
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Wang Y, Duan J, Zhao Y, He B, Jiao Z, Tang Q. Hybridized dye-sensitized solar cells for persistent power generation free of sun illumination. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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100
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Gan T, Wang Z, Shi Z, Zheng D, Sun J, Liu Y. Graphene oxide reinforced core–shell structured Ag@Cu2O with tunable hierarchical morphologies and their morphology–dependent electrocatalytic properties for bio-sensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 112:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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