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Hou SJ, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH, Lin WY, Liu YL, Yang AC, Lin E, Lan TH. An association study in the Taiwan Biobank elicits the GABAA receptor genes GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 as candidate loci for sleep duration in the Taiwanese population. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:223. [PMID: 34530807 PMCID: PMC8447520 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors mainly mediate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Abundant evidence suggests that GABAA receptors play a key role in sleep-regulating processes. No genetic association study has explored the relationships between GABAA receptor genes and sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep timing in humans. METHODS We determined the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GABAA receptor genes GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 and sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep timing in the Taiwan Biobank with a sample of 10,127 Taiwanese subjects. There were 10,142 subjects in the original study cohort. We excluded 15 subjects with a medication history of sedative-hypnotics. RESULTS Our data revealed an association of the GABRB3-GABRA5-GABRG3 gene cluster with sleep duration, which has not been previously identified: rs79333046 (beta = - 0.07; P = 1.21 × 10-3) in GABRB3, rs189790076 (beta = 0.92; P = 1.04 × 10-3) in GABRA5, and rs147619342 (beta = - 0.72; P = 3.97 × 10-3) in GABRG3. The association between rs189790076 in GABRA5 and sleep duration remained significant after Bonferroni correction. A variant (rs12438141) in GABRB3 was also found to act as a potential expression quantitative trait locus. Additionally, we discovered interactions between variants in the GABRB3-GABRA5-GABRG3 gene cluster and lifestyle factors, such as tea and coffee consumption, smoking, and physical activity, that influenced sleep duration, although some interactions became nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction. We also found interactions among GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 that affected sleep duration. Furthermore, we identified an association of rs7165524 (beta = - 0.06; P = 2.20 × 10-3) in GABRA5 with sleep quality and an association of rs79465949 (beta = - 0.12; P = 3.95 × 10-3) in GABRB3 with sleep timing, although these associations became nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction. However, we detected no evidence of an association of individual SNPs in GABRA1 and GABRA2. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that rs189790076 in GABRA5 and gene-gene interactions among GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 may contribute to sleep duration in the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheue-Jane Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lin
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Box 351617, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Tsuo-Hung Lan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan.
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52
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Integrative Role of 14-3-3ε in Sleep Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189748. [PMID: 34575915 PMCID: PMC8467329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a crucial factor for health and survival in all animals. In this study, we found by proteomic analysis that some cancer related proteins were impacted by the circadian clock. The 14-3-3ε protein, expression of which is activated by the circadian transcription factor Clock, regulates adult sleep of Drosophila independent of circadian rhythm. Detailed analysis of the sleep regulatory mechanism shows that 14-3-3ε directly targets the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene to activate transcription of the pigment dispersing factor (PDF). The dopamine receptor (Dop1R1) and the octopamine receptor (Oamb), are also involved in the 14-3-3ε pathway, which in 14-3-3ε mutant flies causes increases in the dopR1 and OAMB, while downregulation of the DopR1 and Oamb can restore the sleep phenotype caused by the 14-3-3ε mutation. In conclusion, 14-3-3ε is necessary for sleep regulation in Drosophila.
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Abstract
Sleep is critical for diverse aspects of brain function in animals ranging from invertebrates to humans. Powerful genetic tools in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have identified - at an unprecedented level of detail - genes and neural circuits that regulate sleep. This research has revealed that the functions and neural principles of sleep regulation are largely conserved from flies to mammals. Further, genetic approaches to studying sleep have uncovered mechanisms underlying the integration of sleep and many different biological processes, including circadian timekeeping, metabolism, social interactions, and aging. These findings show that in flies, as in mammals, sleep is not a single state, but instead consists of multiple physiological and behavioral states that change in response to the environment, and is shaped by life history. Here, we review advances in the study of sleep in Drosophila, discuss their implications for understanding the fundamental functions of sleep that are likely to be conserved among animal species, and identify important unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orie T Shafer
- The Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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54
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Murakami K, Palermo J, Stanhope BA, Gibbs AG, Keene AC. A screen for sleep and starvation resistance identifies a wake-promoting role for the auxiliary channel unc79. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:6300522. [PMID: 34849820 PMCID: PMC8496288 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of sleep and metabolism are highly interconnected, and dysregulation of sleep is linked to metabolic diseases that include obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Furthermore, both acute and long-term changes in diet potently impact sleep duration and quality. To identify novel factors that modulate interactions between sleep and metabolic state, we performed a genetic screen for their roles in regulating sleep duration, starvation resistance, and starvation-dependent modulation of sleep. This screen identified a number of genes with potential roles in regulating sleep, metabolism, or both processes. One such gene encodes the auxiliary ion channel UNC79, which was implicated in both the regulation of sleep and starvation resistance. Genetic knockdown or mutation of unc79 results in flies with increased sleep duration, as well as increased starvation resistance. Previous findings have shown that unc79 is required in pacemaker for 24-hours circadian rhythms. Here, we find that unc79 functions in the mushroom body, but not pacemaker neurons, to regulate sleep duration and starvation resistance. Together, these findings reveal spatially localized separable functions of unc79 in the regulation of circadian behavior, sleep, and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Justin Palermo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Bethany A Stanhope
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Allen G Gibbs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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55
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Dashti HS, Ordovás JM. Genetics of Sleep and Insights into Its Relationship with Obesity. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:223-252. [PMID: 34102077 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Considerable recent advancements in elucidating the genetic architecture of sleep traits and sleep disorders may provide insight into the relationship between sleep and obesity. Despite the considerable involvement of the circadian clock in sleep and metabolism, few shared genes, including FTO, were implicated in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of sleep and obesity. Polygenic scores composed of signals from GWASs of sleep traits show largely null associations with obesity, suggesting lead variants are unique to sleep. Modest genome-wide genetic correlations are observed between many sleep traits and obesity and are largest for snoring.Notably, U-shaped positive genetic correlations with body mass index (BMI) exist for both short and long sleep durations. Findings from Mendelian randomization suggest robust causal effects of insomnia on higher BMI and, conversely, of higher BMI on snoring and daytime sleepiness. Bidirectional effects between sleep duration and daytime napping with obesity may also exist. Limited gene-sleep interaction studies suggest that achieving favorable sleep, as part of a healthy lifestyle, may attenuate genetic predisposition to obesity, but whether these improvements produce clinically meaningful reductions in obesity risk remains unclear. Investigations of the genetic link between sleep and obesity for sleep disorders other than insomnia and in populations of non-European ancestry are currently limited. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.,Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Alimentación, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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56
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Jin X, Tian Y, Zhang ZC, Gu P, Liu C, Han J. A subset of DN1p neurons integrates thermosensory inputs to promote wakefulness via CNMa signaling. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2075-2087.e6. [PMID: 33740429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential and evolutionarily conserved behavior that is modulated by many environmental factors. Ambient temperature shifting usually occurs during climatic or seasonal change or travel from high-latitude area to low-latitude area that affects animal physiology. Increasing ambient temperature modulates sleep in both humans and Drosophila. Although several thermosensory molecules and neurons have been identified, the neural mechanisms that integrate temperature sensation into the sleep neural circuit remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that prolonged increasing of ambient temperature induces a reversible sleep reduction and impaired sleep consolidation in Drosophila via activating the internal thermosensory anterior cells (ACs). ACs form synaptic contacts with a subset of posterior dorsal neuron 1 (DN1p) neurons and release acetylcholine to promote wakefulness. Furthermore, we identify that this subset of DN1ps promotes wakefulness by releasing CNMamide (CNMa) neuropeptides to inhibit the Dh44-positive pars intercerebralis (PI) neurons through CNMa receptors. Our study demonstrates that the AC-DN1p-PI neural circuit is responsible for integrating thermosensory inputs into the sleep neural circuit. Moreover, we identify the CNMa signaling pathway as a newly recognized wakefulness-promoting DN1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zi Chao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Pengyu Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junhai Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226021, China.
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57
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Zhang Z, Sousa-Sá E, Pereira JR, Okely AD, Feng X, Santos R. Correlates of Sleep Duration in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review. Behav Sleep Med 2021; 19:407-425. [PMID: 32496141 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1772264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to summarize correlates of sleep duration in children under 5 years of age. METHODS Six electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus) were searched from inception to May 2019. Observational studies and intervention studies reporting cross-sectional results from baseline data were considered. Data were extracted using a predesigned form and potential correlates were categorized following a sociological framework. RESULTS One-hundred and sixteen studies, representing 329,166 children, met the inclusion criteria, with a high risk of bias in 62 included studies. A total of 83 correlates of sleep duration were identified. Among the associations studied four or more times, correlates of nap duration were child's age and nighttime sleep onset/bedtime; correlates of nighttime sleep duration were household income, parent marital status, parental adiposity level, nighttime sleep duration at younger age, nighttime sleep onset/bedtime, nighttime sleep wakeup time, and frequency of current bedtime routine; correlate of total sleep duration was screen time. CONCLUSIONS Young children from low-income households, single families, or having overweight parents may be at risk for short sleep duration. Promoting healthy sleep duration from an early age appears essential. Effective practices may include encouraging an earlier bedtime, limiting screen time, and establishing a regular bedtime routine. The absence of consistent evidence in the psychological, cognitive, and emotional domain as well as the physical environmental domain warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - João R Pereira
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,CIDAF (Uid/dtp/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia.,Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologia, Lisboa, Portugal
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58
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Goldschmied JR, Lacourse K, Maislin G, Delfrate J, Gehrman P, Pack FM, Staley B, Pack AI, Younes M, Kuna ST, Warby SC. Spindles are highly heritable as identified by different spindle detectors. Sleep 2021; 44:5963958. [PMID: 33165618 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep spindles, a defining feature of stage N2 sleep, are maximal at central electrodes and are found in the frequency range of the electroencephalogram (EEG) (sigma 11-16 Hz) that is known to be heritable. However, relatively little is known about the heritability of spindles. Two recent studies investigating the heritability of spindles reported moderate heritability, but with conflicting results depending on scalp location and spindle type. The present study aimed to definitively assess the heritability of sleep spindle characteristics. METHODS We utilized the polysomnography data of 58 monozygotic and 40 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs to identify heritable characteristics of spindles at C3/C4 in stage N2 sleep including density, duration, peak-to-peak amplitude, and oscillation frequency. We implemented and tested a variety of spindle detection algorithms and used two complementary methods of estimating trait heritability. RESULTS We found robust evidence to support strong heritability of spindles regardless of detector method (h2 > 0.8). However not all spindle characteristics were equally heritable, and each spindle detection method produced a different pattern of results. CONCLUSIONS The sleep spindle in stage N2 sleep is highly heritable, but the heritability differs for individual spindle characteristics and depends on the spindle detector used for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Lacourse
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Greg Maislin
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacques Delfrate
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Philip Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Frances M Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bethany Staley
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Magdy Younes
- YRT Ltd, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Samuel T Kuna
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Simon C Warby
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, QC, Canada
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59
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Xu X, Yang W, Tian B, Sui X, Chi W, Rao Y, Tang C. Quantitative investigation reveals distinct phases in Drosophila sleep. Commun Biol 2021; 4:364. [PMID: 33742082 PMCID: PMC7979771 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been used as a model organism for the molecular and genetic dissection of sleeping behaviors. However, most previous studies were based on qualitative or semi-quantitative characterizations. Here we quantified sleep in flies. We set up an assay to continuously track the activity of flies using infrared camera, which monitored the movement of tens of flies simultaneously with high spatial and temporal resolution. We obtained accurate statistics regarding the rest and sleep patterns of single flies. Analysis of our data has revealed a general pattern of rest and sleep: the rest statistics obeyed a power law distribution and the sleep statistics obeyed an exponential distribution. Thus, a resting fly would start to move again with a probability that decreased with the time it has rested, whereas a sleeping fly would wake up with a probability independent of how long it had slept. Resting transits to sleeping at time scales of minutes. Our method allows quantitative investigations of resting and sleeping behaviors and our results provide insights for mechanisms of falling into and waking up from sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochan Xu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Capital Medical University, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Tian
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwen Sui
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilai Chi
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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60
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Khoury S, Wang QP, Parisien M, Gris P, Bortsov AV, Linnstaedt SD, McLean SA, Tungate AS, Sofer T, Lee J, Louie T, Redline S, Kaunisto MA, Kalso EA, Munter HM, Nackley AG, Slade GD, Smith SB, Zaykin DV, Fillingim RB, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD, Maixner W, Neely GG, Diatchenko L. Multi-ethnic GWAS and meta-analysis of sleep quality identify MPP6 as a novel gene that functions in sleep center neurons. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa211. [PMID: 33034629 PMCID: PMC7953222 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality can have harmful health consequences. Although many aspects of sleep are heritable, the understandings of genetic factors involved in its physiology remain limited. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a multi-ethnic discovery cohort (n = 2868) and found two novel genome-wide loci on chromosomes 2 and 7 associated with global sleep quality. A meta-analysis in 12 independent cohorts (100 000 individuals) replicated the association on chromosome 7 between NPY and MPP6. While NPY is an important sleep gene, we tested for an independent functional role of MPP6. Expression data showed an association of this locus with both NPY and MPP6 mRNA levels in brain tissues. Moreover, knockdown of an orthologue of MPP6 in Drosophila melanogaster sleep center neurons resulted in decreased sleep duration. With convergent evidence, we describe a new locus impacting human variability in sleep quality through known NPY and novel MPP6 sleep genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Khoury
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marc Parisien
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pavel Gris
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrey V Bortsov
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery and Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery and Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrew S Tungate
- Institute for Trauma Recovery and Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mari Anneli Kaunisto
- Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija A Kalso
- Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andrea G Nackley
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Gary D Slade
- School of dentistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shad B Smith
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Dmitri V Zaykin
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Richard Ohrbach
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Services, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Joel D Greenspan
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Brotman Facial Pain Clinic, School of Dentistry and Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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61
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Greening L, Downing J, Amiouny D, Lekang L, McBride S. The effect of altering routine husbandry factors on sleep duration and memory consolidation in the horse. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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62
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Nweke EE, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. Development of insect cell line using CRISPR technology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 180:1-20. [PMID: 33934833 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we delineated the methods of CRISPR technology that has been used for the development of engineered insect cell line. We elaborated on how CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in Drosophila melanogaster, Bombyx mori, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9 and Sf21), and Mosquitoes enabled the use of model or non-model insect system in various biological and medical applications. Also, the application of synthetic baculovirus genome along with CRISPR/Cas9 vector system to enable genome editing of insect cell systems for treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak B Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, ERA Synthetic Biology, Centre for Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
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63
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Khan S, Yong VW, Xue M. Circadian disruption in mice through chronic jet lag-like conditions modulates molecular profiles of cancer in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:864-873. [PMID: 33608694 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms regulate physiological activities. Shiftwork disrupts normal circadian rhythms and may increase the risk of cancer through unknown mechanisms. To mimic environmental light/dark changes encountered by shift workers, a protocol called 'chronic jet lag (CJL)' induced by repeatedly shifting light-dark cycles has been used. Here, we subjected mice to CJL by advancing light-dark cycle by 6 h every 2 days, and conducted RNA sequencing to analyze the expression profile and molecular signature in the brain areas of prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. We also performed positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to monitor changes related to glucose metabolism in brain. Our results reveal systematic reprogramming of gene expression associated with cancer-related pathways and metabolic pathways in prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. PET imaging indicates that glucose uptake level was significantly reduced in whole brain as well as the individual brain regions. Moreover, qPCR analysis describes that the expression levels of cancer-related genes were altered in prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Overall, these results suggest a molecular and metabolic link with CJL-mediated cancer risk, and generate hypotheses on how CJL increases the susceptibility to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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64
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Sleep Analysis in Adult C. elegans Reveals State-Dependent Alteration of Neural and Behavioral Responses. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1892-1907. [PMID: 33446520 PMCID: PMC7939084 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1701-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep, a state of quiescence associated with growth and restorative processes, is conserved across species. Invertebrates including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibit sleep-like states during development, satiety, and stress. Here, we describe behavior and neural activity during sleep and awake states in adult C. elegans hermaphrodites using new microfluidic methods. We observed effects of fluid flow, oxygen, feeding, odors, and genetic perturbations on long-term sleep behavior over 12 h. We developed a closed-loop sleep detection system to automatically deliver chemical stimuli to assess sleep-dependent changes to evoked neural responses in individual animals. Sleep increased the arousal threshold to aversive stimulation, yet the associated sensory neuron and first-layer interneuron responses were unchanged. This localizes adult sleep-dependent neuromodulation within interneurons presynaptic to the premotor interneurons, rather than afferent sensory circuits. However, sleep prolonged responses in appetitive chemosensory neurons, suggesting that sleep modulates responsiveness specifically across sensory systems rather than broadly damping global circuit activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Much is known about molecular mechanisms that facilitate sleep control. However, it is unclear how these pathways modulate neural circuit-level sensory processing or how misregulation of neural activity contributes to sleep disorders. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides the ability to study neural circuitry with single-neuron resolution, and recent studies examined sleep states between developmental stages and when stressed. Here, we examine an additional form of spontaneous sleep in adult C. elegans at the behavioral and neural activity levels. Using a closed-loop system, we show that delayed behavioral responses to aversive chemical stimulation during sleep arise from sleep-dependent sensorimotor modulation localized presynaptic to the premotor circuit, rather than early sensory circuits.
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65
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Jepson JEC. Sleep: Astrocytes Take Their Toll on Tired Flies. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R27-R30. [PMID: 33434483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signalling in astrocytes modulates sleep, yet how astrocytes communicate with neural circuits that control sleep is unclear. A new study now uncovers a calcium-dependent relay between astrocytes and neurons that promotes sleep homeostasis in fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E C Jepson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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66
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Sehgal A. The 2020 Pittendrigh/Aschoff Lecture: My Circadian Journey. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:84-96. [PMID: 33428509 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420982398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The circadian field has come a long way since I started as a postdoctoral fellow ~30 years ago. At the time, the only known animal clock gene was period, so I had the privilege of witnessing, and participating in, the molecular revolution that took us from the discovery of the circadian clock mechanism to the identification of pathways that link clocks to behavior and physiology. This lecture highlights my role and perspective in these developments, and also demonstrates how the successful use of Drosophila for studies of circadian rhythms inspired us to develop a fly model for sleep. I also touch upon my experiences as a non-white immigrant woman navigating my way through the US science and education system, and hope my story will be of interest to some.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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67
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Laaboub N, Gholam M, Sibailly G, Sjaarda J, Delacrétaz A, Dubath C, Grosu C, Piras M, Ansermot N, Crettol S, Vandenberghe F, Grandjean C, Gamma F, Bochud M, von Gunten A, Plessen KJ, Conus P, Eap CB. Associations Between High Plasma Methylxanthine Levels, Sleep Disorders and Polygenic Risk Scores of Caffeine Consumption or Sleep Duration in a Swiss Psychiatric Cohort. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:756403. [PMID: 34987426 PMCID: PMC8721597 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.756403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We first sought to examine the relationship between plasma levels of methylxanthines (caffeine and its metabolites) and sleep disorders, and secondarily between polygenic risk scores (PRS) of caffeine consumption or sleep duration with methylxanthine plasma levels and/or sleep disorders in a psychiatric cohort. Methods: Plasma levels of methylxanthines were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. In inpatients, sleep disorder diagnosis was defined using ICD-10 "F51.0," sedative drug intake before bedtime, or hospital discharge letters, while a subgroup of sedative drugs was used for outpatients. The PRS of coffee consumption and sleep duration were constructed using publicly available GWAS results from the UKBiobank. Results: 1,747 observations (1,060 patients) were included (50.3% of observations with sleep disorders). Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, setting of care and psychiatric diagnoses showed that patients in the highest decile of plasma levels of methylxanthines had more than double the risk for sleep disorders compared to the lowest decile (OR = 2.13, p = 0.004). PRS of caffeine consumption was associated with plasma levels of caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline and with their sum (β = 0.1; 0.11; 0.09; and 0.1, pcorrected = 0.01; 0.02; 0.02; and 0.01, respectively) but not with sleep disorders. A trend was found between the PRS of sleep duration and paraxanthine levels (β = 0.13, pcorrected = 0.09). Discussion: Very high caffeine consumption is associated with sleep disorders in psychiatric in- and outpatients. Future prospective studies should aim to determine the benefit of reducing caffeine consumption in high caffeine-consuming patients suffering from sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermine Laaboub
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam
- Center of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Guibet Sibailly
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Sjaarda
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Delacrétaz
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.,Les Toises Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Dubath
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Claire Grosu
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Piras
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ansermot
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Severine Crettol
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Vandenberghe
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Carole Grandjean
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Gamma
- Les Toises Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Chin B Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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68
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Elgart M, Redline S, Sofer T. Machine and Deep Learning in Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Sleep Research. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:228-243. [PMID: 33829409 PMCID: PMC8116376 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological sleep research strives to identify the interactions and causal mechanisms by which sleep affects human health, and to design intervention strategies for improving sleep throughout the lifespan. These goals can be advanced by further focusing on the environmental and genetic etiology of sleep disorders, and by development of risk stratification algorithms, to identify people who are at risk or are affected by, sleep disorders. These studies rely on comprehensive sleep-related data which often contains complex multi-dimensional physiological and molecular measurements across multiple timepoints. Thus, sleep research is well-suited for the application of computational approaches that can handle high-dimensional data. Here, we survey recent advances in machine and deep learning together with the availability of large human cohort studies with sleep data that can jointly drive the next breakthroughs in the sleep-research field. We describe sleep-related data types and datasets, and present some of the tasks in the field that can be targets for algorithmic approaches, as well as the challenges and opportunities in pursuing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elgart
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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69
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Huang S, Jiao X, Lu D, Pei X, Qi D, Li Z. Recent advances in modulators of circadian rhythms: an update and perspective. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1267-1286. [PMID: 32506972 PMCID: PMC7717701 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1772249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a universal life phenomenon that plays an important role in maintaining the multiple physiological functions and regulating the adaptability to internal and external environments of flora and fauna. Circadian alignment in humans has the greatest effect on human health, and circadian misalignment is closely associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, immune diseases, cancer, sleep disorders, and ophthalmic diseases. The recent description of clock proteins and related post-modification targets was involved in several diseases, and numerous lines of evidence are emerging that small molecule modulators of circadian rhythms can be used to rectify circadian disorder. Herein, we attempt to update the disclosures about the modulators targeting core clock proteins and related post-modification targets, as well as the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders and human health as well as the therapeutic role and prospect of these small molecule modulators in circadian rhythm related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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70
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Sleep Deprivation and Neurological Disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5764017. [PMID: 33381558 PMCID: PMC7755475 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5764017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sleep plays an important role in maintaining neuronal circuitry, signalling and helps maintain overall health and wellbeing. Sleep deprivation (SD) disturbs the circadian physiology and exerts a negative impact on brain and behavioural functions. SD impairs the cellular clearance of misfolded neurotoxin proteins like α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and tau which are involved in major neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In addition, SD is also shown to affect the glymphatic system, a glial-dependent metabolic waste clearance pathway, causing accumulation of misfolded faulty proteins in synaptic compartments resulting in cognitive decline. Also, SD affects the immunological and redox system resulting in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular and biochemical alterations that are the causative factors leading to these pathophysiological effects on the neuronal system. This review is an attempt in this direction. It provides up-to-date information on the alterations in the key processes, pathways, and proteins that are negatively affected by SD and become reasons for neurological disorders over a prolonged period of time, if left unattended.
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71
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Blum ID, Keleş MF, Baz ES, Han E, Park K, Luu S, Issa H, Brown M, Ho MCW, Tabuchi M, Liu S, Wu MN. Astroglial Calcium Signaling Encodes Sleep Need in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2020; 31:150-162.e7. [PMID: 33186550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is under homeostatic control, whereby increasing wakefulness generates sleep need and triggers sleep drive. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which sleep need is encoded are poorly understood. In addition, the mechanisms underlying both how and when sleep need is transformed to sleep drive are unknown. Here, using ex vivo and in vivo imaging, we show in Drosophila that astroglial Ca2+ signaling increases with sleep need. We demonstrate that this signaling is dependent on a specific L-type Ca2+ channel and is necessary for homeostatic sleep rebound. Thermogenetically increasing Ca2+ in astrocytes induces persistent sleep behavior, and we exploit this phenotype to conduct a genetic screen for genes required for the homeostatic regulation of sleep. From this large-scale screen, we identify TyrRII, a monoaminergic receptor required in astrocytes for sleep homeostasis. TyrRII levels rise following sleep deprivation in a Ca2+-dependent manner, promoting further increases in astrocytic Ca2+ and resulting in a positive-feedback loop. Moreover, our findings suggest that astrocytes then transmit this sleep need to a sleep drive circuit by upregulating and releasing the interleukin-1 analog Spätzle, which then acts on Toll receptors on R5 neurons. These findings define astroglial Ca2+ signaling mechanisms encoding sleep need and reveal dynamic properties of the sleep homeostatic control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Blum
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mehmet F Keleş
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - El-Sayed Baz
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Emily Han
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kristen Park
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Skylar Luu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Habon Issa
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Matt Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Margaret C W Ho
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sha Liu
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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72
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Downing KL, Hesketh KD, Timperio A, Salmon J, Moss K, Mishra G. Family history of non-communicable diseases and associations with weight and movement behaviours in Australian school-aged children: a prospective study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038789. [PMID: 33148740 PMCID: PMC7640516 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess differences in weight status and movement behaviour guideline compliance among children aged 5-12 years with and without a family history of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). DESIGN Prospective. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Women born between 1973 and 1978 were recruited to the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) via the database of the Health Insurance Commission (now Medicare; Australia's universal health insurance scheme). In 2016-2017, women in that cohort were invited to participate in the Mothers and their Children's Health Study and reported on their three youngest children (aged <13 years). Data from children aged 5-12 years (n=4416) were analysed. MEASURES Mothers reported their children's height and weight, used to calculate body mass index (kg/m2), physical activity, screen time and sleep. In the 2015 ALSWH Survey, women reported diagnoses and family history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. Logistic regression models determined differences between outcomes for children with and without a family history of NCDs. RESULTS Boys with a family history of type 2 diabetes had 30% (95% CI: 0.51%-0.97%) and 43% lower odds (95% CI: 0.37%-0.88%) of meeting the sleep and combined guidelines, respectively, and 40% higher odds (95% CI: 1.01%- 1.95%) of being overweight/obese. Girls with a family history of hypertension had 27% lower odds (95% CI: 0.57%-0.93%) of meeting the screen time guidelines. No associations were observed for family history of heart disease. CONCLUSIONS Children who have a family history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension may be at risk of poorer health behaviours from a young age. Mothers with a diagnosis or a family history of these NCDs may need additional support to help their children develop healthy movement behaviours and maintain healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katrina Moss
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gita Mishra
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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73
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Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) promotes sleep through G protein-coupled receptors. However, the downstream molecular target(s) is unknown. We identified the Caenorhabditis elegans BK channel SLO-1 as a molecular target of the Mel receptor PCDR-1-. Knockout of pcdr-1, slo-1, or homt-1 (a gene required for Mel synthesis) causes substantially increased neurotransmitter release and shortened sleep duration, and these effects are nonadditive in double knockouts. Exogenous Mel inhibits neurotransmitter release and promotes sleep in wild-type (WT) but not pcdr-1 and slo-1 mutants. In a heterologous expression system, Mel activates the human BK channel (hSlo1) in a membrane-delimited manner in the presence of the Mel receptor MT1 but not MT2 A peptide acting to release free Gβγ also activates hSlo1 in a MT1-dependent and membrane-delimited manner, whereas a Gβλ inhibitor abolishes the stimulating effect of Mel. Our results suggest that Mel promotes sleep by activating the BK channel through a specific Mel receptor and Gβλ.
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74
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Pandi-Perumal SR, Monti JM, Burman D, Karthikeyan R, BaHammam AS, Spence DW, Brown GM, Narashimhan M. Clarifying the role of sleep in depression: A narrative review. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113239. [PMID: 32593854 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that 4.4 to 20% of the general population suffers from a major depressive disorder (MDD), which is frequently associated with a dysregulation of normal sleep-wake mechanisms. Disturbances of circadian rhythms are a cardinal feature of psychiatric dysfunctions, including MDD, which tends to indicate that biological clocks may play a role in their pathophysiology. Thus, episodes of depression and mania or hypomania can arise as a consequence of the disruption of zeitgebers (time cues). In addition, the habit of sleeping at a time that is out of phase with the body's other biological rhythms is a common finding in depressed patients. In this review, we have covered a vast area, emerging from human and animal studies, which supports the link between sleep and depression. In doing so, this paper covers a broad range of distinct mechanisms that may underlie the link between sleep and depression. This review further highlights the mechanisms that may underlie such link (e.g. circadian rhythm alterations, melatonin, and neuroinflammatory dysregulation), as well as evidence for a link between sleep and depression (e.g. objective findings of sleep during depressive episodes, effects of pharmacotherapy, chronotherapy, comorbidity of obstructive sleep apnea and depression), are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime M Monti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine Clinics Hospital, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Deepa Burman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Palestine, State of, United States
| | | | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- University of Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gregory M Brown
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College St, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meera Narashimhan
- Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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75
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Xing L, Shi G, Mostovoy Y, Gentry NW, Fan Z, McMahon TB, Kwok PY, Jones CR, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Mutant neuropeptide S receptor reduces sleep duration with preserved memory consolidation. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/514/eaax2014. [PMID: 31619542 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a crucial physiological process for our survival and cognitive performance, yet the factors controlling human sleep regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we identified a missense mutation in a G protein-coupled neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) that is associated with a natural short sleep phenotype in humans. Mice carrying the homologous mutation exhibited less sleep time despite increased sleep pressure. These animals were also resistant to contextual memory deficits associated with sleep deprivation. In vivo, the mutant receptors showed increased sensitivity to neuropeptide S exogenous activation. These results suggest that the NPS/NPSR1 pathway might play a critical role in regulating human sleep duration and in the link between sleep homeostasis and memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Guangsen Shi
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yulia Mostovoy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas W Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zenghua Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thomas B McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. .,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. .,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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76
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Onat OE, Kars ME, Gül Ş, Bilguvar K, Wu Y, Özhan A, Aydın C, Başak AN, Trusso MA, Goracci A, Fallerini C, Renieri A, Casanova JL, Itan Y, Atbaşoğlu CE, Saka MC, Kavaklı İH, Özçelik T. Human CRY1 variants associate with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3885-3900. [PMID: 32538895 PMCID: PMC7324179 DOI: 10.1172/jci135500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and heritable phenotype frequently accompanied by insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Here, using a reverse phenotyping approach, we report heterozygous coding variations in the core circadian clock gene cryptochrome 1 in 15 unrelated multigenerational families with combined ADHD and insomnia. The variants led to functional alterations in the circadian molecular rhythms, providing a mechanistic link to the behavioral symptoms. One variant, CRY1Δ11 c.1657+3A>C, is present in approximately 1% of Europeans, therefore standing out as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker. We showed by exome sequencing in an independent cohort of patients with combined ADHD and insomnia that 8 of 62 patients and 0 of 369 controls carried CRY1Δ11. Also, we identified a variant, CRY1Δ6 c.825+1G>A, that shows reduced affinity for BMAL1/CLOCK and causes an arrhythmic phenotype. Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis revealed that this variant segregated with ADHD and delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) in the affected family. Finally, we found in a phenome-wide association study involving 9438 unrelated adult Europeans that CRY1Δ11 was associated with major depressive disorder, insomnia, and anxiety. These results defined a distinctive group of circadian psychiatric phenotypes that we propose to designate as "circiatric" disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Emre Onat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Ece Kars
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şeref Gül
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yiming Wu
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ayşe Özhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cihan Aydın
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Nazlı Başak
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation, KUTTAM, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Allegra Trusso
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Arianna Goracci
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuval Itan
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cem E. Atbaşoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meram C. Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tayfun Özçelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, and
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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77
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Dissel S. Drosophila as a Model to Study the Relationship Between Sleep, Plasticity, and Memory. Front Physiol 2020; 11:533. [PMID: 32547415 PMCID: PMC7270326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans spend nearly a third of their life sleeping, yet, despite decades of research the function of sleep still remains a mystery. Sleep has been linked with various biological systems and functions, including metabolism, immunity, the cardiovascular system, and cognitive functions. Importantly, sleep appears to be present throughout the animal kingdom suggesting that it must provide an evolutionary advantage. Among the many possible functions of sleep, the relationship between sleep, and cognition has received a lot of support. We have all experienced the negative cognitive effects associated with a night of sleep deprivation. These can include increased emotional reactivity, poor judgment, deficit in attention, impairment in learning and memory, and obviously increase in daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, many neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s disease often have a sleep disorder component. In some cases, the sleep disorder can exacerbate the progression of the neurological disease. Thus, it is clear that sleep plays an important role for many brain functions. In particular, sleep has been shown to play a positive role in the consolidation of long-term memory while sleep deprivation negatively impacts learning and memory. Importantly, sleep is a behavior that is adapted to an individual’s need and influenced by many external and internal stimuli. In addition to being an adaptive behavior, sleep can also modulate plasticity in the brain at the level of synaptic connections between neurons and neuronal plasticity influences sleep. Understanding how sleep is modulated by internal and external stimuli and how sleep can modulate memory and plasticity is a key question in neuroscience. In order to address this question, several animal models have been developed. Among them, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster with its unparalleled genetics has proved to be extremely valuable. In addition to sleep, Drosophila has been shown to be an excellent model to study many complex behaviors, including learning, and memory. This review describes our current knowledge of the relationship between sleep, plasticity, and memory using the fly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Dissel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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78
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Gottfried T, Kamer I, Salant I, Urban D, Lawrence YR, Onn A, Bar J. Self-reported sleep quality as prognostic for survival in lung cancer patients. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:313-321. [PMID: 32021445 PMCID: PMC6970259 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s234523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sleep is essential for life, as well as having a major impact on quality of life. Not much attention has been given to this important factor in the care of lung cancer patients. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 404 lung cancer patients treated in our institute between 2010 and 2018. Data about sleep quality, distress and pain were self-reported by questionnaires administered to patients at their first clinic visit to the Institute of Oncology. Sex, age, histology, stage, smoking and marital status were extracted from the patients’ charts. Uni- and multi-variate analyses were carried out to evaluate the correlation of these factors with survival. Results Most patients reported some level of distress and pain. Sleep abnormalities were reported by 58.7% of patients. Distress, pain and bad sleep were correlated with shorter survival in univariate analyses; however, only sleep remained associated with survival in multivariate analysis. Patients reporting bad sleep had a median survival of 16 months, compared to 27 months for patients reporting good sleep (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% C.I. 1.27–2.65). Frequent arousals at night were more tightly correlated with survival than difficulty falling asleep. Conclusion Sleep quality, as reported by lung cancer patients, is highly correlated with survival. Further studies are required to comprehend whether poor sleep quality is directly impacting survival or is a result of the cancer aggressiveness and patients’ conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Gottfried
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Institute of Oncology, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Iris Kamer
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Institute of Oncology, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Iris Salant
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Institute of Oncology, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Damien Urban
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Institute of Oncology, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Yaacov R Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Onn
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Pulmonology Institute, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Jair Bar
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Institute of Oncology, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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79
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Pamboro ELS, Brown EB, Keene AC. Dietary fatty acids promote sleep through a taste-independent mechanism. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12629. [PMID: 31845509 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of foods that are high in fat contribute to obesity and metabolism-related disorders. Dietary lipids are comprised of triglycerides and fatty acids, and the highly palatable taste of dietary fatty acids promotes food consumption, activates reward centers in mammals and underlies hedonic feeding. Despite the central role of dietary fats in the regulation of food intake and the etiology of metabolic diseases, little is known about how fat consumption regulates sleep. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, provides a powerful model system for the study of sleep and metabolic traits, and flies potently regulate sleep in accordance with food availability. To investigate the effects of dietary fats on sleep regulation, we have supplemented fatty acids into the diet of Drosophila and measured their effects on sleep and activity. We found that flies fed a diet of hexanoic acid, a medium-chain fatty acid that is a by-product of yeast fermentation, slept more than flies starved on an agar diet. To assess whether dietary fatty acids regulate sleep through the taste system, we assessed sleep in flies with a mutation in the hexanoic acid receptor Ionotropic receptor 56D, which is required for fatty acid taste perception. We found that these flies also sleep more than agar-fed flies when fed a hexanoic acid diet, suggesting the sleep promoting effect of hexanoic acid is not dependent on sensory perception. Taken together, these findings provide a platform to investigate the molecular and neural basis for fatty acid-dependent modulation of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle L S Pamboro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Elizabeth B Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
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80
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Xie J, Wang D, Ling S, Yang G, Yang Y, Chen W. High-Salt Diet Causes Sleep Fragmentation in Young Drosophila Through Circadian Rhythm and Dopaminergic Systems. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1271. [PMID: 31849585 PMCID: PMC6895215 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt (sodium chloride) is an essential dietary requirement, but excessive consumption has long-term adverse consequences. A high-salt diet (HSD) increases the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and diabetes and is also associated with poor sleep quality. Little is known, however, about the neural circuit mechanisms that mediate HSD-induced sleep changes. In this study, we sought to identify the effects of HSD on the sleep and related neural circuit mechanisms of Drosophila. Strikingly, we found that HSD causes young Drosophila to exhibit a fragmented sleep phenotype similar to that of normal aging individuals. Importantly, we further showed that HSD slightly impairs circadian rhythms and that the HSD-induced sleep changes are dependent on the circadian rhythm system. In addition, we demonstrated that HSD-induced sleep changes are dopaminergic-system dependent. Together, these results provide insight into how elevated salt in the diet can affect sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengan Ling
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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81
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Wang C, Liu J, Li Z, Ji L, Wang R, Song H, Mao Y, Bishwajit G, Zhang B, Tang S. Predictor of sleep difficulty among community dwelling older populations in 2 African settings. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17971. [PMID: 31764803 PMCID: PMC6882581 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is a common phenomenon among older population and is commonly linked to behavioral, physiological, and psychosocial factors. Not much is known about sleep deprivation among older population in Africa. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the basic sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of self-reported sleep deprivation among older population.In this study we analyzed cross-sectional data on 1495 community dwelling men and women aged 50 years and above. Data were collected from the SAGE Well-Being of Older People Study conducted in South Africa and Uganda. Outcome variable was self-reported sleep difficulty last 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the variables significantly associated with sleep difficulty.The prevalence of mild-moderate sleep difficulty was 32.6% (27.9, 37.6) and severe/extreme 23.0% (20.3, 26.0) respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that sleep difficulty was associated with several behavioral, environment, and illness conditions. In South Africa, those who reported dissatisfaction with living condition had 1.592 [1.087, 2.787] times higher odds of reporting mild/moderate sleep difficulty. Poor subjective quality of life (QoL) was associated with higher odds of severe/extreme sleep difficulties (odds ratios [OR] = 4.590, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.641, 7.977 for South Africa, and OR = 4.461, 95% CI = 2.048 and 9.716 for Uganda). In Uganda, perceived depression was associated with higher odds of severe/extreme (OR = 2.452, 95% CI = 1.073, 5.602) sleep difficulties among men, and both mild/moderate (OR = 1.717; 95% CI = 1.011, 2.914) and severe/extreme sleep difficulties among women (OR = 2.504, 95% CI = 1.408, 4.453).More than half of the participants had sleep difficulty of certain degrees, emphasising an urgent need for intervention for sleep deprivation in the population. Interventions targeting to promote subjective health, quality of life, and living environment may prove beneficial for improving sleep health in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Safety Engineering
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Zhifei Li
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing
| | - Lu Ji
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Hongxun Song
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Yiqing Mao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Ghose Bishwajit
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Baoming Zhang
- General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shangfeng Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, Hubei
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82
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Psychiatric Genetics, Epigenetics, and Cellular Models in Coming Years. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2019; 4. [PMID: 31608310 PMCID: PMC6788748 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20190012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric genetic studies have uncovered hundreds of loci associated with various psychiatric disorders. We take the opportunity to review achievements in the past and provide our view of what is coming in the fields of molecular genetics, epigenetics, and cellular models. We expect that SNP-array and sequencing-based studies of genetic associations will continue to expand, covering more disorders, drug responses, phenotypes, and diverse populations. Epigenetic studies of psychiatric disorders will be another promising field with the growing recognition that environmental factors impact the risk for psychiatric disorders by modulating epigenetic factors. Functional studies of genetic findings will be needed in cellular models to provide important connections between genetic and epigenetic variants and biological phenotypes.
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83
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Shi G, Xing L, Wu D, Bhattacharyya BJ, Jones CR, McMahon T, Chong SYC, Chen JA, Coppola G, Geschwind D, Krystal A, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. A Rare Mutation of β 1-Adrenergic Receptor Affects Sleep/Wake Behaviors. Neuron 2019; 103:1044-1055.e7. [PMID: 31473062 PMCID: PMC6763376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is crucial for our survival, and many diseases are linked to long-term poor sleep quality. Before we can use sleep to enhance our health and performance and alleviate diseases associated with poor sleep, a greater understanding of sleep regulation is necessary. We have identified a mutation in the β1-adrenergic receptor gene in humans who require fewer hours of sleep than most. In vitro, this mutation leads to decreased protein stability and dampened signaling in response to agonist treatment. In vivo, the mice carrying the same mutation demonstrated short sleep behavior. We found that this receptor is highly expressed in the dorsal pons and that these ADRB1+ neurons are active during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness. Activating these neurons can lead to wakefulness, and the activity of these neurons is affected by the mutation. These results highlight the important role of β1-adrenergic receptors in sleep/wake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Shi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bula J Bhattacharyya
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - S Y Christin Chong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason A Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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84
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Camerota M, Propper CB, Teti DM. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors predicting infant sleep: Moving beyond main effects. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2019.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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85
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Toda H, Williams JA, Gulledge M, Sehgal A. A sleep-inducing gene, nemuri, links sleep and immune function in Drosophila. Science 2019; 363:509-515. [PMID: 30705188 PMCID: PMC6505470 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep remains a major mystery of biology. In particular, little is known about the mechanisms that account for the drive to sleep. In an unbiased screen of more than 12,000 Drosophila lines, we identified a single gene, nemuri, that induces sleep. The NEMURI protein is an antimicrobial peptide that can be secreted ectopically to drive prolonged sleep (with resistance to arousal) and to promote survival after infection. Loss of nemuri increased arousability during daily sleep and attenuated the acute increase in sleep induced by sleep deprivation or bacterial infection. Conditions that increase sleep drive induced expression of nemuri in a small number of fly brain neurons and targeted it to the sleep-promoting, dorsal fan-shaped body. We propose that NEMURI is a bona fide sleep homeostasis factor that is particularly important under conditions of high sleep need; because these conditions include sickness, our findings provide a link between sleep and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Gulledge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chronobiology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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86
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LeVan TD, Xiao P, Kumar G, Kupzyk K, Qiu F, Klinkebiel D, Eudy J, Cowan K, Berger AM. Genetic Variants in Circadian Rhythm Genes and Self-Reported Sleep Quality in Women with Breast Cancer. J Circadian Rhythms 2019; 17:6. [PMID: 31303884 PMCID: PMC6611482 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) are at increased risk of sleep deficiency. Approximately 30-60% of these women report poor sleep during and following surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and anti-estrogen therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between genetic variation in circadian rhythm genes and self-reported sleep quality in women with BC. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited women with a first diagnosis of breast cancer at five sites in Nebraska and South Dakota. Sixty women were included in the study. Twenty-six circadian genes were selected for exome sequencing using the Nextera Rapid Capture Expanded Exome kit. 414 variants had a minor allele frequency of ≥5% and were included in the exploratory analysis. The association between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and genetic variants was determined by two-sample t-test or ANOVA. RESULTS Twenty-five variants were associated with the PSQI score at p < 0.10, of which 19 were significant at p<0.05, although the associations did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Variants associated with PSQI were from genes CSNK1D & E, SKP1, BHLHE40 & 41, NPAS2, ARNTL, MYRIP, KLHL30, TIMELESS, FBXL3, CUL1, PER1&2, RORB. Two genetic variants were synonymous or missense variants in the BHLHE40 and TIMELESS genes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These exploratory results demonstrate an association of genetic variants in circadian rhythm pathways with self-reported sleep in women with BC. Testing this association is warranted in a larger replication population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Xiao
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, US
| | | | | | - Fang Qiu
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, US
| | | | - James Eudy
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, US
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87
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Juneau ZC, Stonemetz JM, Toma RF, Possidente DR, Heins RC, Vecsey CG. Optogenetic activation of short neuropeptide F (sNPF) neurons induces sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:143-156. [PMID: 30935941 PMCID: PMC6520144 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep abnormalities have widespread and costly public health consequences, yet we have only a rudimentary understanding of the events occurring at the cellular level in the brain that regulate sleep. Several key signaling molecules that regulate sleep across taxa come from the family of neuropeptide transmitters. For example, in Drosophila melanogaster, the neuropeptide Y (NPY)-related transmitter short neuropeptide F (sNPF) appears to promote sleep. In this study, we utilized optogenetic activation of neuronal populations expressing sNPF to determine the causal effects of precisely timed activity in these cells on sleep behavior. Combining sNPF-GAL4 and UAS-Chrimson transgenes allowed us to activate sNPF neurons using red light. We found that activating sNPF neurons for as little as 3 s at a time of day when most flies were awake caused a rapid transition to sleep that persisted for another 2+ hours following the stimulation. Changing the timing of red light stimulation to times of day when flies were already asleep caused the control flies to wake up (due to the pulse of light), but the flies in which sNPF neurons were activated stayed asleep through the light pulse, and then showed further increases in sleep at later points when they would have normally been waking up. Video recording of individual fly responses to short-term (0.5-20 s) activation of sNPF neurons demonstrated a clear light duration-dependent decrease in movement during the subsequent 4-min period. These results provide supportive evidence that sNPF-producing neurons promote long-lasting increases in sleep, and show for the first time that even brief periods of activation of these neurons can cause changes in behavior that persist after cessation of activation. We have also presented evidence that sNPF neuron activation produces a homeostatic sleep drive that can be dissipated at times long after the neurons were stimulated. Future studies will determine the specific roles of sub-populations of sNPF-producing neurons, and will also assess how sNPF neurons act in concert with other neuronal circuits to control sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Claire Juneau
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States of America
| | - Jamie M Stonemetz
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States of America
| | - Ryan F Toma
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States of America
| | - Debra R Possidente
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States of America
| | - R Conor Heins
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, United States of America
| | - Christopher G Vecsey
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States of America; Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, United States of America.
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88
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Shimada M, Miyagawa T, Toyoda H, Tokunaga K, Honda M. Epigenome-wide association study of DNA methylation in narcolepsy: an integrated genetic and epigenetic approach. Sleep 2019; 41:4841708. [PMID: 29425374 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy with cataplexy, which is a hypersomnia characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, is a multifactorial disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Several genetic factors including HLA-DQB1*06:02 have been identified; however, the disease etiology is still unclear. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of complex diseases. Here, we examined DNA methylation profiles of blood samples from narcolepsy and healthy control individuals and performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to investigate methylation loci associated with narcolepsy. Moreover, data from the EWAS and a previously performed narcolepsy genome-wide association study were integrated to search for methylation loci with causal links to the disease. We found that (1) genes annotated to the top-ranked differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in narcolepsy were associated with pathways of hormone secretion and monocarboxylic acid metabolism. (2) Top-ranked narcolepsy-associated DMPs were significantly more abundant in non-CpG island regions and more than 95 per cent of such sites were hypomethylated in narcolepsy patients. (3) The integrative analysis identified the CCR3 region where both a single methylation site and multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be associated with the disease as a candidate region responsible for narcolepsy. The findings of this study suggest the importance of future replication studies, using methylation technologies with wider genome coverage and/or larger number of samples, to confirm and expand on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Shimada
- Sleep Disorders Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Miyagawa
- Sleep Disorders Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Toyoda
- Sleep Disorders Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Honda
- Sleep Disorders Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Seiwa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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89
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Daywake, an Anti-siesta Gene Linked to a Splicing-Based Thermostat from an Adjoining Clock Gene. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1728-1734.e4. [PMID: 31080079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is fundamental to animal survival but is a vulnerable state that also limits how much time can be devoted to critical wake-dependent activities [1]. Although many animals are day-active and sleep at night, they exhibit a midday nap, or "siesta," that can vary in intensity and is usually more prominent on warm days. In humans, the balance between maintaining the wake state or sleeping during the day has important health implications [2], but the mechanisms underlying this dynamic regulation are poorly understood. Using the well-established Drosophila melanogaster animal model to study sleep [3], we identify a new wake-sleep regulator that we term daywake (dyw). dyw encodes a juvenile hormone-binding protein [4] that functions in neurons as a day-specific anti-siesta gene, with little effect on sleep levels during the nighttime or in the absence of light. Remarkably, dyw expression is stimulated in trans via cold-enhanced splicing of the dmpi8 intron [5] from the reverse-oriented but slightly overlapping period (per) clock gene [6]. The functionally integrated dmpi8-dyw genetic unit operates as a "behavioral temperate acclimator" by increasingly counterbalancing siesta-promoting pathways as daily temperatures become cooler and carry reduced risks from daytime heat exposure. While daily patterns of when animals are awake and when they sleep are largely scheduled by the circadian timing system, dyw implicates a less recognized class of modulatory wake-sleep regulators that primarily function to enhance flexibility in wake-sleep preference, a behavioral plasticity that is commonly observed in animals during the midday, raising the possibility of shared mechanisms.
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90
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Dilley LC, Vigderman A, Williams CE, Kayser MS. Behavioral and genetic features of sleep ontogeny in Drosophila. Sleep 2019; 41:4994190. [PMID: 29746663 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, like most organisms, exhibits increased sleep amount and depth in young compared to mature animals. While the fly has emerged as a powerful model for studying sleep during development, qualitative behavioral features of sleep ontogeny and its genetic control are poorly understood. Here we find that, in addition to increased sleep time and intensity, young flies sleep with less place preference than mature adults, and, like mammals, exhibit more motor twitches during sleep. In addition, we show that ontogenetic changes in sleep amount, twitch, and place preference are preserved across sleep mutants with lesions in distinct molecular pathways. Our results demonstrate that sleep ontogeny is characterized by multifaceted behavioral changes, including quantitative and qualitative alterations to sleep as animals mature. Further, the preservation of sleep ontogenetic changes despite mutations that alter sleep time suggests independent genetic control mechanisms for sleep maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela C Dilley
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abigail Vigderman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charlette E Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Chronobiology Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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91
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Toda H, Shi M, Williams JA, Sehgal A. Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Sleep. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:57-61. [PMID: 30936393 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is important for cognitive ability, and perturbations of sleep are associated with a myriad of brain disorders. However, how sleep promotes health and function during wake is poorly understood. To address the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sleep, we use the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a genetic model. Forward genetic approaches in flies were critical for deciphering molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock. Using similar approaches, we and others are gaining insights into the pathways that control sleep amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Toda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mi Shi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Julie A Williams
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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92
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Dashti HS, Jones SE, Wood AR, Lane JM, van Hees VT, Wang H, Rhodes JA, Song Y, Patel K, Anderson SG, Beaumont RN, Bechtold DA, Bowden J, Cade BE, Garaulet M, Kyle SD, Little MA, Loudon AS, Luik AI, Scheer FAJL, Spiegelhalder K, Tyrrell J, Gottlieb DJ, Tiemeier H, Ray DW, Purcell SM, Frayling TM, Redline S, Lawlor DA, Rutter MK, Weedon MN, Saxena R. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration supported by accelerometer-derived estimates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 30846698 PMCID: PMC6405943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential state of decreased activity and alertness but molecular factors regulating sleep duration remain unknown. Through genome-wide association analysis in 446,118 adults of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, we identify 78 loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration (p < 5 × 10−8; 43 loci at p < 6 × 10−9). Replication is observed for PAX8, VRK2, and FBXL12/UBL5/PIN1 loci in the CHARGE study (n = 47,180; p < 6.3 × 10−4), and 55 signals show sign-concordant effects. The 78 loci further associate with accelerometer-derived sleep duration, daytime inactivity, sleep efficiency and number of sleep bouts in secondary analysis (n = 85,499). Loci are enriched for pathways including striatum and subpallium development, mechanosensory response, dopamine binding, synaptic neurotransmission and plasticity, among others. Genetic correlation indicates shared links with anthropometric, cognitive, metabolic, and psychiatric traits and two-sample Mendelian randomization highlights a bidirectional causal link with schizophrenia. This work provides insights into the genetic basis for inter-individual variation in sleep duration implicating multiple biological pathways. Sleep is essential for homeostasis and insufficient or excessive sleep are associated with adverse outcomes. Here, the authors perform GWAS for self-reported habitual sleep duration in adults, supported by accelerometer-derived measures, and identify genetic correlation with psychiatric and metabolic traits
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | | | - Heming Wang
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Rhodes
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Yanwei Song
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Northeastern University College of Science, 176 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02015, USA
| | - Krunal Patel
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Northeastern University College of Science, 176 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02015, USA
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Brian E Cade
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Max A Little
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, 02132, MA, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Deprtment of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Susan Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA. .,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
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93
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Zada D, Bronshtein I, Lerer-Goldshtein T, Garini Y, Appelbaum L. Sleep increases chromosome dynamics to enable reduction of accumulating DNA damage in single neurons. Nat Commun 2019; 10:895. [PMID: 30837464 PMCID: PMC6401120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential to all animals with a nervous system. Nevertheless, the core cellular function of sleep is unknown, and there is no conserved molecular marker to define sleep across phylogeny. Time-lapse imaging of chromosomal markers in single cells of live zebrafish revealed that sleep increases chromosome dynamics in individual neurons but not in two other cell types. Manipulation of sleep, chromosome dynamics, neuronal activity, and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) showed that chromosome dynamics are low and the number of DSBs accumulates during wakefulness. In turn, sleep increases chromosome dynamics, which are necessary to reduce the amount of DSBs. These results establish chromosome dynamics as a potential marker to define single sleeping cells, and propose that the restorative function of sleep is nuclear maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zada
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - I Bronshtein
- Department of Physics and the Institute for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - T Lerer-Goldshtein
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Y Garini
- Department of Physics and the Institute for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - L Appelbaum
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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94
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A single pair of leucokinin neurons are modulated by feeding state and regulate sleep-metabolism interactions. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2006409. [PMID: 30759083 PMCID: PMC6391015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of sleep and feeding has widespread health consequences. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence for interactions between sleep and metabolic function, little is known about the neural or molecular basis underlying the integration of these processes. D. melanogaster potently suppress sleep in response to starvation, and powerful genetic tools allow for mechanistic investigation of sleep–metabolism interactions. We have previously identified neurons expressing the neuropeptide leucokinin (Lk) as being required for starvation-mediated changes in sleep. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for Lk neuropeptide in metabolic regulation of sleep. The activity of Lk neurons is modulated by feeding, with reduced activity in response to glucose and increased activity under starvation conditions. Both genetic silencing and laser-mediated microablation localize Lk-dependent sleep regulation to a single pair of Lk neurons within the Lateral Horn (LHLK neurons). A targeted screen identified a role for 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in starvation-modulated changes in sleep. Knockdown of AMPK in Lk neurons suppresses sleep and increases LHLK neuron activity in fed flies, phenocopying the starvation state. Further, we find a requirement for the Lk receptor in the insulin-producing cells (IPCs), suggesting LHLK–IPC connectivity is critical for sleep regulation under starved conditions. Taken together, these findings localize feeding-state–dependent regulation of sleep to a single pair of neurons within the fruit fly brain and provide a system for investigating the cellular basis of sleep–metabolism interactions. Neural regulation of sleep and feeding are interconnected and are critical for survival. Many animals reduce their sleep in response to starvation, presumably to forage for food. Here, we find that in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the neuropeptide leucokinin is required for the modulation of starvation-dependent changes in sleep. Leucokinin is expressed in numerous populations of neurons within the two compartments of the central nervous system: the brain and the ventral nerve cord. Both genetic manipulation and laser-mediated microablation experiments identify a single pair of neurons expressing this neuropeptide in the brain as being required for metabolic regulation of sleep. These neurons become active during periods of starvation and modulate the function of insulin-producing cells that are critical modulators of both sleep and feeding. Supporting this notion, knockdown of the leucokinin receptor within the insulin-producing cells also disrupts metabolic regulation of sleep. Taken together, these findings identify a critical role for leucokinin signaling in the integration of sleep and feeding states.
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95
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Ni JD, Gurav AS, Liu W, Ogunmowo TH, Hackbart H, Elsheikh A, Verdegaal AA, Montell C. Differential regulation of the Drosophila sleep homeostat by circadian and arousal inputs. eLife 2019; 8:40487. [PMID: 30719975 PMCID: PMC6363385 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One output arm of the sleep homeostat in Drosophila appears to be a group of neurons with projections to the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB neurons) of the central complex in the brain. However, neurons that regulate the sleep homeostat remain poorly understood. Using neurogenetic approaches combined with Ca2+ imaging, we characterized synaptic connections between dFB neurons and distinct sets of upstream sleep-regulatory neurons. One group of the sleep-promoting upstream neurons is a set of circadian pacemaker neurons that activates dFB neurons via direct glutaminergic excitatory synaptic connections. Opposing this population, a group of arousal-promoting neurons downregulates dFB axonal output with dopamine. Co-activating these two inputs leads to frequent shifts between sleep and wake states. We also show that dFB neurons release the neurotransmitter GABA and inhibit octopaminergic arousal neurons. We propose that dFB neurons integrate synaptic inputs from distinct sets of upstream sleep-promoting circadian clock neurons, and arousal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei D Ni
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Adishthi S Gurav
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Tyler H Ogunmowo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Hannah Hackbart
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Ahmed Elsheikh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Andrew A Verdegaal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Craig Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
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96
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SleepOMICS: How Big Data Can Revolutionize Sleep Science. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020291. [PMID: 30669659 PMCID: PMC6351921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders have reached epidemic proportions worldwide, affecting the youth as well as the elderly, crossing the entire lifespan in both developed and developing countries. "Real-life" behavioral (sensor-based), molecular, digital, and epidemiological big data represent a source of an impressive wealth of information that can be exploited in order to advance the field of sleep research. It can be anticipated that big data will have a profound impact, potentially enabling the dissection of differences and oscillations in sleep dynamics and architecture at the individual level ("sleepOMICS"), thus paving the way for a targeted, "one-size-does-not-fit-all" management of sleep disorders ("precision sleep medicine").
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97
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Cha HK, Chung S, Lim HY, Jung JW, Son GH. Small Molecule Modulators of the Circadian Molecular Clock With Implications for Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:496. [PMID: 30718998 PMCID: PMC6348269 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate many biological processes and play fundamental roles in behavior, physiology, and metabolism. Such periodicity is critical for homeostasis because disruption or misalignment of the intrinsic rhythms is associated with the onset and progression of various human diseases and often directly leads to pathological states. Since the first identification of mammalian circadian clock genes, numerous genetic and biochemical studies have revealed the molecular basis of these cell-autonomous and self-sustainable rhythms. Specifically, these rhythms are generated by two interlocking transcription/translation feedback loops of clock proteins. As our understanding of these underlying mechanisms and their functional outputs has expanded, strategies have emerged to pharmacologically control the circadian molecular clock. Small molecules that target the molecular clock may present novel therapeutic strategies to treat chronic circadian rhythm-related diseases. These pharmaceutical approaches may include the development of new drugs to treat circadian clock-related disorders or combinational use with existing therapeutic strategies to improve efficacy via intrinsic clock-dependent mechanisms. Importantly, circadian rhythm disruptions correlate with, and often precede, many symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders such as sleep disorders, affective disorders, addiction-related disorders, and neurodegeneration. In this mini-review, we focus on recent discoveries of small molecules that pharmacologically modulate the core components of the circadian clock and their potential as preventive and/or therapeutic strategies for circadian clock-related neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyeong Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wha Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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98
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Kaladchibachi S, Secor MA, Negelspach DC, Fernandez F. Longitudinal study of sleep and diurnal rhythms in Drosophila ananassae. Exp Gerontol 2018; 116:74-79. [PMID: 30572000 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mistiming of circadian rhythms impairs quality of life. The sleep fragmentation that results can lead to fatigue, mood alteration, and short-term memory problems. Unfortunately, this suite occurs in humans as we age. In the current study, we used high-resolution monitors to track how circadian patterns of locomotor activity change in female Drosophila ananassae as they enter mid-to-late life. This equipment is a more recent addition to the fly circadian field and has not been previously used for long-term activity tracking. At 2-3 days post-eclosion, D. ananassae were placed into climate-controlled vivariums for 60 days. Daily actograms were generated for each animal, along with a time series of activity across the observational period. Consistent with findings from older rodents and humans, older D. ananassae exhibited degraded patterns of wake and sleep that were fragmented-but still rhythmic-across the 24-h cycle. Overall levels of daily activity declined with age, with particular loss of circadian arousal in the wake-maintenance zone a few hours before bedtime. Interestingly, our high-resolution monitoring strategy was also able to document a sleep correlation previously associated with human aging in flies: displacement of sleep timing arising from possible changes in circadian and homeostatic regulation. Future experiments may determine whether the age-related impairments seen in the sleep-circadian system of D. ananassae can be mitigated through precision light treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Kaladchibachi
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Micah A Secor
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - David C Negelspach
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Fabian Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; BIO5 and McKnight Brain Research Institutes, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
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99
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Artiushin G, Zhang SL, Tricoire H, Sehgal A. Endocytosis at the Drosophila blood-brain barrier as a function for sleep. eLife 2018; 7:e43326. [PMID: 30475209 PMCID: PMC6255390 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia are important modulators of neural activity, yet few studies link glia to sleep regulation. We find that blocking activity of the endocytosis protein, dynamin, in adult Drosophila glia increases sleep and enhances sleep need, manifest as resistance to sleep deprivation. Surface glia comprising the fly equivalent of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediate the effect of dynamin on sleep. Blocking dynamin in the surface glia causes ultrastructural changes, albeit without compromising the integrity of the barrier. Supporting a role for endocytic trafficking in sleep, a screen of Rab GTPases identifies sleep-modulating effects of the recycling endosome Rab11 in surface glia. We also find that endocytosis is increased in BBB glia during sleep and reflects sleep need. We propose that endocytic trafficking through the BBB represents a function of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Artiushin
- Neuroscience Graduate GroupPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical InstitutePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Hervé Tricoire
- Laboratory of Degenerative Processes, Stress and AgingUMR8251, Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Neuroscience Graduate GroupPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstitutePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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100
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The Taurine Transporter Eaat2 Functions in Ensheathing Glia to Modulate Sleep and Metabolic Rate. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3700-3708.e4. [PMID: 30416062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is critical for many aspects of brain function and is accompanied by brain-wide changes in the physiology of neurons and synapses [1, 2]. Growing evidence suggests that glial cells contribute to diverse aspects of sleep regulation, including neuronal and metabolic homeostasis [3-5], although the molecular basis for this remains poorly understood. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, displays all the behavioral and physiological characteristics of sleep [1, 2], and genetic screening in flies has identified both conserved and novel regulators of sleep and wakefulness [2, 6, 7]. With this approach, we identified Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (Eaat2) and found that its loss from glia, but not neurons, increases sleep. We show that Eaat2 is expressed in ensheathing glia, where Eaat2 functions during adulthood to regulate sleep. Increased sleep in Eaat2-deficient flies is accompanied by reduction of metabolic rate during sleep bouts, an indicator of deeper sleep intensity. Eaat2 is a member of the conserved EAAT family of membrane transport proteins [8], raising the possibility that it affects sleep by controlling the movement of ions and neuroactive chemical messengers to and from ensheathing glia. In vitro, Eaat2 is a transporter of taurine [9], which promotes sleep when fed to flies [10]. We find that the acute effect of taurine on sleep is abolished in Eaat2 mutant flies. Together, these findings reveal a wake-promoting role for Eaat2 in ensheathing glia through a taurine-dependent mechanism.
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