51
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Khampang S, Parnpai R, Mahikul W, Easley CA, Cho IK, Chan AWS. CAG repeat instability in embryonic stem cells and derivative spermatogenic cells of transgenic Huntington's disease monkey. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:1215-1229. [PMID: 33611676 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The expansion of CAG (glutamine; Q) trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) predominantly occurs through male lineage in Huntington's disease (HD). As a result, offspring will have larger CAG repeats compared to their fathers, which causes an earlier onset of the disease called genetic anticipation. This study aims to develop a novel in vitro model to replicate CAG repeat instability in early spermatogenesis and demonstrate the biological process of genetic anticipation by using the HD stem cell model for the first time. METHODS HD rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells (rESCs) were cultured in vitro for an extended period. Male rESCs were used to derive spermatogenic cells in vitro with a 10-day differentiation. The assessment of CAG repeat instability was performed by GeneScan and curve fit analysis. RESULTS Spermatogenic cells derived from rESCs exhibit progressive expansion of CAG repeats with high daily expansion rates compared to the extended culture of rESCs. The expansion of CAG repeats is cell type-specific and size-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report a novel stem cell model that replicates genome instability and CAG repeat expansion in in vitro derived HD monkey spermatogenic cells. The in vitro spermatogenic cell model opens a new opportunity for studying TNR instability and the underlying mechanism of genetic anticipation, not only in HD but also in other TNR diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujittra Khampang
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Mahikul
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charles A Easley
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - In Ki Cho
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Anthony W S Chan
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Chang WF, Peng M, Hsu J, Xu J, Cho HC, Hsieh-Li HM, Liu JL, Lu CH, Sung LY. Effects of Survival Motor Neuron Protein on Germ Cell Development in Mouse and Human. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020661. [PMID: 33440839 PMCID: PMC7827477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival motor neuron (SMN) is ubiquitously expressed in many cell types and its encoding gene, survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1), is highly conserved in various species. SMN is involved in the assembly of RNA spliceosomes, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing. A severe neurogenic disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), is caused by the loss or mutation of SMN1 that specifically occurred in humans. We previously reported that SMN plays roles in stem cell biology in addition to its roles in neuron development. In this study, we investigated whether SMN can improve the propagation of spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs) and facilitate the spermatogenesis process. In in vitro culture, SSCs obtained from SMA model mice showed decreased growth rate accompanied by significantly reduced expression of spermatogonia marker promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) compared to those from heterozygous and wild-type littermates; whereas SMN overexpressed SSCs showed enhanced cell proliferation and improved potency. In vivo, the superior ability of homing and complete performance in differentiating progeny was shown in SMN overexpressed SSCs in host seminiferous tubule of transplant experiments compared to control groups. To gain insights into the roles of SMN in clinical infertility, we derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from azoospermia patients (AZ-hiPSCs) and from healthy control (ct-hiPSCs). Despite the otherwise comparable levels of hallmark iPCS markers, lower expression level of SMN1 was found in AZ-hiPSCs compared with control hiPSCs during in vitro primordial germ cell like cells (PGCLCs) differentiation. On the other hand, overexpressing hSMN1 in AZ-hiPSCs led to increased level of pluripotent markers such as OCT4 and KLF4 during PGCLC differentiation. Our work reveal novel roles of SMN in mammalian spermatogenesis and suggest new therapeutic targets for azoospermia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (W.-F.C.); (M.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (W.-F.C.); (M.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Jing Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (W.-F.C.); (M.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Huan-Chieh Cho
- Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK;
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chung-Hao Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (L.-Y.S.)
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (W.-F.C.); (M.P.); (J.H.)
- Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (L.-Y.S.)
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Lei Q, Zhang E, van Pelt AMM, Hamer G. Meiotic Chromosome Synapsis and XY-Body Formation In Vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:761249. [PMID: 34721307 PMCID: PMC8551552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.761249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve spermatogenesis in vitro, one of the most challenging processes to mimic is meiosis. Meiotic problems, like incomplete synapsis of the homologous chromosomes, or impaired homologous recombination, can cause failure of crossover formation and subsequent chromosome nondisjunction, eventually leading to aneuploid sperm. These meiotic events are therefore strictly monitored by meiotic checkpoints that initiate apoptosis of aberrant spermatocytes and lead to spermatogenic arrest. However, we recently found that, in vitro derived meiotic cells proceeded to the first meiotic division (MI) stage, despite displaying incomplete chromosome synapsis, no discernible XY-body and lack of crossover formation. We therefore optimized our in vitro culture system of meiosis from male germline stem cells (mGSCs) in order to achieve full chromosome synapsis, XY-body formation and meiotic crossovers. In comparison to previous culture system, the in vitro-generated spermatocytes were transferred after meiotic initiation to a second culture dish. This dish already contained a freshly plated monolayer of proliferatively inactivated immortalized Sertoli cells supporting undifferentiated mGSCs. In this way we aimed to simulate the multiple layers of germ cell types that support spermatogenesis in vivo in the testis. We found that in this optimized culture system, although independent of the undifferentiated mGSCs, meiotic chromosome synapsis was complete and XY body appeared normal. However, meiotic recombination still occurred insufficiently and only few meiotic crossovers were formed, leading to MI-spermatocytes displaying univalent chromosomes (paired sister chromatids). Therefore, considering that meiotic checkpoints are not necessarily fully functional in vitro, meiotic crossover formation should be closely monitored when mimicking gametogenesis in vitro to prevent generation of aneuploid gametes.
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Li L, Yang R, Yin C, Kee K. Studying human reproductive biology through single-cell analysis and in vitro differentiation of stem cells into germ cell-like cells. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:670-688. [PMID: 32464645 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human reproductive development has been limited by the scarcity of human samples and ethical constraints. Recently, in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into germ cells and single-cell analyses have opened new avenues to directly study human germ cells and identify unique mechanisms in human reproductive development. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The goal of this review is to collate novel findings and insightful discoveries with these new methodologies, aiming at introducing researchers and clinicians to the use of these tools to study human reproductive biology and develop treatments for infertility. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search articles and reviews with the following main keywords: in vitro differentiation, human stem cells, single-cell analysis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, germ cells and other key terms related to these subjects. The search period included all publications from 2000 until now. OUTCOMES Single-cell analyses of human gonads have identified many important gene markers at different developmental stages and in subpopulations of cells. To validate the functional roles of these gene markers, researchers have used the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent cells into germ cells and confirmed that some genetic requirements are unique in human germ cells and are not conserved in mouse models. Moreover, transcriptional regulatory networks and the interaction of germ and somatic cells in gonads were elucidated in these studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Single-cell analyses allow researchers to identify gene markers and potential regulatory networks using limited clinical samples. On the other hand, in vitro differentiation methods provide clinical researchers with tools to examine these newly identify gene markers and study the causative effects of mutations previously associated with infertility. Combining these two methodologies, researchers can identify gene markers and networks which are essential and unique in human reproductive development, thereby producing more accurate diagnostic tools for assessing reproductive disorders and developing treatments for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Risako Yang
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Correll-Tash S, Lilley B, Salmons Iv H, Mlynarski E, Franconi CP, McNamara M, Woodbury C, Easley CA, Emanuel BS. Double strand breaks (DSBs) as indicators of genomic instability in PATRR-mediated translocations. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3872-3881. [PMID: 33258468 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability contributes to a variety of potentially damaging conditions, including DNA-based rearrangements. Breakage in the form of double strand breaks (DSBs) increases the likelihood of DNA damage, mutations and translocations. Certain human DNA regions are known to be involved in recurrent translocations, such as the palindrome-mediated rearrangements that have been identified at the breakpoints of several recurrent constitutional translocations: t(11;22)(q23;q11), t(17;22)(q11;q11) and t(8;22) (q24;q11). These breakpoints occur at the center of palindromic AT-rich repeats (PATRRs), which suggests that the structure of the DNA may play a contributory role, potentially through the formation of secondary cruciform structures. The current study analyzed the DSB propensity of these PATRR regions in both lymphoblastoid (mitotic) and spermatogenic cells (meiotic). Initial results found an increased association of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) at PATRR regions in experiments that used SCEs to assay DSBs, combining SCE staining with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Additional experiments used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with antibodies for either markers of DSBs or proteins involved in DSB repair along with quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify the frequency of DSBs occurring at PATRR regions. The results indicate an increased rate of DSBs at PATRR regions. Additional ChIP experiments with the cruciform binding 2D3 antibody indicate an increased rate of cruciform structures at PATRR regions in both mitotic and meiotic samples. Overall, these experiments demonstrate an elevated rate of DSBs at PATRR regions, an indication that the structure of PATRR containing DNA may lead to increased breakage in multiple cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Correll-Tash
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brenna Lilley
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harold Salmons Iv
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elisabeth Mlynarski
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Colleen P Franconi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meghan McNamara
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carson Woodbury
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Botman O, Hibaoui Y, Giudice MG, Ambroise J, Creppe C, Feki A, Wyns C. Modeling Klinefelter Syndrome Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Impaired Germ Cell Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567454. [PMID: 33117798 PMCID: PMC7575714 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS), with an incidence between 1/600 and 1/1,000, is the main genetic cause of male infertility. Due to the lack of an accurate study model, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms by which this X chromosome aneuploidy leads to KS features remain unknown. Here, we report the generation and characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a patient with KS: 47XXY-iPSCs. In order to compare the potentials of both 47XXY-iPSCs and 46XY-iPSCs to differentiate into the germ cell lineage, we developed a directed differentiation protocol by testing different combinations of factors including bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), retinoic acid (RA) and stem cell factor (SCF) for 42 days. Importantly, we found a reduced ability of 47XXY-iPSCs to differentiate into germ cells when compared to 46XY-iPSCs. In particular, upon germ cell differentiation of 47XXY-iPSCs, we found a reduced proportion of cells positive for BOLL, a protein required for germ cell development and spermatogenesis, as well as a reduced proportion of cells positive for MAGEA4, a spermatogonia marker. This reduced ability to generate germ cells was not associated with a decrease of proliferation of 47XXY-iPSC-derived cells but rather with an increase of cell death upon germ cell differentiation as revealed by an increase of LDH release and of capase-3 expression in 47XXY-iPSC-derived cells. Our study supports the idea that 47XXY-iPSCs provides an excellent in vitro model to unravel the pathophysiology and to design potential treatments for KS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Botman
- Gynecology Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Youssef Hibaoui
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Fribourgeois (HFR) Fribourg, Hôpital Cantonal, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maria G Giudice
- Gynecology Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Creppe
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Signal Transduction, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anis Feki
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Fribourgeois (HFR) Fribourg, Hôpital Cantonal, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christine Wyns
- Gynecology Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Liu HC, Xie Y, Deng CH, Liu GH. Stem cell-based therapies for fertility preservation in males: Current status and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1097-1112. [PMID: 33178394 PMCID: PMC7596443 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the decline in male fertility in recent years, strategies for male fertility preservation have received increasing attention. In this study, by reviewing current treatments and recent publications, we describe research progress in and the future directions of stem cell-based therapies for male fertility preservation, focusing on the use of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), SSC niches, SSC-based testicular organoids, other stem cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells, and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. In conclusion, a more comprehensive understanding of the germ cell microenvironment, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and testicular organoids will play an important role in achieving male fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chao Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Deng
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gui-Hua Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
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58
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Hayashi K. In vitro reconstitution of germ cell development†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:567-578. [PMID: 31295346 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell development is a series of highly specialized processes through which diploid pluripotent cells differentiate into haploid gametes. The processes include biologically important events such as epigenetic reprogramming, sex determination, and meiosis. The mechanisms underlying these events are key issues in reproductive and developmental biology, yet they still remain elusive. As a tool to elucidate these mechanisms, in vitro gametogenesis, which reproduces germ cell development in culture, has long been sought for decades. Recently, methods of in vitro gametogenesis have undergone rapid development in association with stem cell biology, opening many possibilities in this field. This new technology is considered an alternative source of gametes for the reproduction of animals and perhaps humans. This review summarizes current advances and problems in in vitro gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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59
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Xu H, Yang M, Tian R, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhu Z, Yang S, Yuan Q, Niu M, Yao C, Zhi E, Li P, Zhou C, He Z, Li Z, Gao WQ. Derivation and propagation of spermatogonial stem cells from human pluripotent cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:408. [PMID: 32967715 PMCID: PMC7509941 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is designed to generate and propagate human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). METHODS hPSCs were differentiated into SSC-like cells (SSCLCs) by a three-step strategy. The biological characteristics of SSCLCs were detected by immunostaining with antibodies against SSC markers. The ability of self-renewal was measured by propagating for a long time and still maintaining SSCs morphological property. The differentiation potential of SSCLCs was determined by the generation of spermatocytes and haploid cells, which were identified by immunostaining and flow cytometry. The transcriptome analysis of SSCLCs was performed by RNA sequencing. The biological function of SSCLCs was assessed by xeno-transplantation into busulfan-treated mouse testes. RESULTS SSCLCs were efficiently generated by a 3-step strategy. The SSCLCs displayed a grape-like morphology and expressed SSC markers. Moreover, SSCLCs could be propagated for approximately 4 months and still maintained their morphological properties. Furthermore, SSCLCs could differentiate into spermatocytes and haploid cells. In addition, SSCLCs displayed a similar gene expression pattern as human GPR125+ spermatogonia derived from human testicular tissues. And more, SSCLCs could survive and home at the base membrane of seminiferous tubules. CONCLUSION SSCLCs were successfully derived from hPSCs and propagated for a long time. The SSCLCs resembled their counterpart human GPR125+ spermatogonia, as evidenced by the grape-like morphology, transcriptome, homing, and functional characteristics. Therefore, hPSC-derived SSCLCs may provide a reliable cell source for studying human SSCs biological properties, disease modeling, and drug toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruhui Tian
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Linhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zijue Zhu
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shi Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Minghui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Erlei Zhi
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zuping He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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60
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Approaches and Technologies in Male Fertility Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155471. [PMID: 32751826 PMCID: PMC7432867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Male fertility preservation is required when treatment with an aggressive chemo-/-radiotherapy, which may lead to irreversible sterility. Due to new and efficient protocols of cancer treatments, surviving rates are more than 80%. Thus, these patients are looking forward to family life and fathering their own biological children after treatments. Whereas adult men can cryopreserve their sperm for future use in assistance reproductive technologies (ART), this is not an option in prepubertal boys who cannot produce sperm at this age. In this review, we summarize the different technologies for male fertility preservation with emphasize on prepubertal, which have already been examined and/or demonstrated in vivo and/or in vitro using animal models and, in some cases, using human tissues. We discuss the limitation of these technologies for use in human fertility preservation. This update review can assist physicians and patients who are scheduled for aggressive chemo-/radiotherapy, specifically prepubertal males and their parents who need to know about the risks of the treatment on their future fertility and the possible present option of fertility preservation.
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Wang G, Farzaneh M. Mini Review; Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Oocytes. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:301-307. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200116100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is one of the main diseases causing female infertility
that occurs in about 1% of women between 30-40 years of age. There are few effective methods for
the treatment of women with POI. In the past few years, stem cell-based therapy as one of the most
highly investigated new therapies has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of POI. Human
pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into any type of cell.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) as a type of pluripotent stem cells are the most powerful candidate
for the treatment of POI. Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) are derived from
adult somatic cells by the treatment with exogenous defined factors to create an embryonic-like pluripotent
state. Both hiPSCs and hESCs can proliferate and give rise to ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal,
and germ cell lineages. After ovarian stimulation, the number of available oocytes is limited
and the yield of total oocytes with high quality is low. Therefore, a robust and reproducible in-vitro
culture system that supports the differentiation of human oocytes from PSCs is necessary. Very few
studies have focused on the derivation of oocyte-like cells from hiPSCs and the details of hPSCs differentiation
into oocytes have not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the
differentiation potential of hPSCs into human oocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifang Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Luliang University Lvliang, 033000, China
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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62
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Goszczynski DE, Cheng H, Demyda-Peyrás S, Medrano JF, Wu J, Ross PJ. In vitro breeding: application of embryonic stem cells to animal production†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:885-895. [PMID: 30551176 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation blastocysts. For decades, attempts to efficiently derive ESCs in animal livestock species have been unsuccessful, but this goal has recently been achieved in cattle. Together with the recent reconstitution of the germ cell differentiation processes from ESCs in mice, these achievements open new avenues for the development of promising technologies oriented toward improving health, animal production, and the environment. In this article, we present a strategy that will notably accelerate genetic improvement in livestock populations by reducing the generational interval, namely in vitro breeding (IVB). IVB combines genomic selection, a widely used strategy for genetically improving livestock, with ESC derivation and in vitro differentiation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells. We also review the most recent findings in the fields on which IVB is based. Evidence suggests this strategy will be soon within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sebastian Demyda-Peyrás
- Instituto de Genetica Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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63
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Greeson KW, Fowler KL, Estave PM, Kate Thompson S, Wagner C, Clayton Edenfield R, Symosko KM, Steves AN, Marder EM, Terrell ML, Barton H, Koval M, Marcus M, Easley CA. Detrimental effects of flame retardant, PBB153, exposure on sperm and future generations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8567. [PMID: 32444626 PMCID: PMC7244482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1973, the Velsicol Chemical Company, which manufactured FireMaster, a brominated flame retardant, and NutriMaster, a nutritional supplement, mistakenly shipped hundreds of pounds of FireMaster to grain mills around Michigan where it was incorporated into animal feed and then into the food chain across the state. An estimated 6.5 million Michigan residents consumed polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)-laced animal products leading to one of the largest agricultural accidents in U.S. history. To date, there have been no studies investigating the effects of PBB on epigenetic regulation in sperm, which could explain some of the endocrine-related health effects observed among children of PBB-exposed parents. Fusing epidemiological approaches with a novel in vitro model of human spermatogenesis, we demonstrate that exposure to PBB153, the primary component of FireMaster, alters the epigenome in human spermatogenic cells. Using our novel stem cell-based spermatogenesis model, we show that PBB153 exposure decreases DNA methylation at regulatory elements controlling imprinted genes. Furthermore, PBB153 affects DNA methylation by reducing de novo DNA methyltransferase activity at increasing PBB153 concentrations as well as reducing maintenance DNA methyltransferase activity at the lowest tested PBB153 concentration. Additionally, PBB153 exposure alters the expression of genes critical to proper human development. Taken together, these results suggest that PBB153 exposure alters the epigenome by disrupting methyltransferase activity leading to defects in imprint establishment causing altered gene expression, which could contribute to health concerns in the children of men exposed to PBB153. While this chemical is toxic to those directly exposed, the results from this study indicate that the epigenetic repercussions may be detrimental to future generations. Above all, this model may be expanded to model a multitude of environmental exposures to elucidate the effect of various chemicals on germline epigenetics and how paternal exposure may impact the health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Watkins Greeson
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kristen L Fowler
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paige M Estave
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S Kate Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chelsea Wagner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Clayton Edenfield
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Krista M Symosko
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alyse N Steves
- Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Marder
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Metrecia L Terrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hillary Barton
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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64
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Adaptation of Human Testicular Niche Cells for Pluripotent Stem Cell and Testis Development Research. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:223-235. [PMID: 32114677 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human testicular cells are greatly valuable to the research community as tools for studying testicular physiology and the effects of environmental pollutants. Because adult testicular cells have a limited self-organization capacity and life span, we investigated whether human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be used together with testicular cells to move a step closer toward making an optimal model of the human testis. METHODS We used in vitro culture of donor testicular cells under serum-containing and chemically defined conditions. CRISPR-Cas9 technology was applied to introduce fluorescent transgenes (mCherry2 and EGFP) into hPSCs and testicular cells. hPSC-derived spheroids were co-cultured with human testicular cells in mini-spin bioreactors. RESULTS Traditional cell culture conditions used for maintenance of testicular somatic cells generally contain serum and pose limitations on evaluating the role of active molecules on cell functions. We established that chemically defined culture conditions can be used to maintain testicular cells without the loss of proliferative activity. These cultures demonstrate marker expression which is characteristic of common testicular cell types: Sertoli, Leydig, endothelial, myoid cells, and macrophages. In order to model testicular physiology, it is important to be able to perform live cell microscopy. Thus, we generated fluorescent protein-expressing human testicular cells and hPSCs and demonstrated that these cell types can be successfully co-cultured for prolonged periods of time in a three-dimensional microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our research extends the possible applications of human testis-derived somatic cells and shows that they can be used together with hPSCs for further studies of human male reproductive biology.
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65
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Ghanbari E, Khazaei M, Ghahremani-Nasab M, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Novel therapeutic approaches of tissue engineering in male infertility. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:31-42. [PMID: 32043209 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Male reproductive organ plays an important role in sperm production, maintenance and entry to the female reproductive tract, as well as generation and secretion of male sex hormones responsible for the health of male reproductive system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the experimental and clinical evidence on the utilization of tissue engineering techniques in treating male infertility. Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine have developed new approaches to treat patients with reproductive disorders such as iatrogenic injuries, congenital abnormalities, and trauma. In some cases, including congenital defects and undescended testis or hypogonadism, the sperm samples are not retrieved. This makes TE a possible future strategy for restoration of male fertility. Here, we have summarized the recent advances in experimental and clinical application of cell-, tissue-, and organ-based regenerative medicine in male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Comprehensive Health Laboratory, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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66
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Kurek M, Albalushi H, Hovatta O, Stukenborg JB. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Reproductive Science-a Comparison of Protocols Used to Generate and Define Male Germ Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031028. [PMID: 32033159 PMCID: PMC7038013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, fertility-related issues affect around 15% of couples. In 20%–30% of cases men are solely responsible, and they contribute in around 50% of all cases. Hence, understanding of in vivo germ-cell specification and exploring different angles of fertility preservation and infertility intervention are considered hot topics nowadays, with special focus on the use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as a source of in vitro germ-cell generation. However, the generation of male germ cells from hPSCs can currently be considered challenging, making a judgment on the real perspective of these innovative approaches difficult. Ever since the first spontaneous germ-cell differentiation studies, using human embryonic stem cells, various strategies, including specific co-cultures, gene over-expression, and addition of growth factors, have been applied for human germ-cell derivation. In line with the variety of differentiation methods, the outcomes have ranged from early and migratory primordial germ cells up to post-meiotic spermatids. This variety of culture approaches and cell lines makes comparisons between protocols difficult. Considering the diverse strategies and outcomes, we aim in this mini-review to summarize the literature regarding in vitro derivation of human male germ cells from hPSCs, while keeping a particular focus on the culture methods, growth factors, and cell lines used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kurek
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Solna, Sweden; (M.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Halima Albalushi
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Solna, Sweden; (M.K.); (H.A.)
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Solna, Sweden; (M.K.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-8524-82788
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67
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Amini Mahabadi J, Karimian M, Aghighi F, Enderami SE, Seyyed Hosseini E, Talaei SA, Gheibi Hayat SM, Nikzad H. Retinoic acid and 17β-estradiol improve male germ cell differentiation from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13466. [PMID: 31736115 DOI: 10.1111/and.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the impacts of retinoic acid (RA)/17β-estradiol (E) induction and embryoid body formation to enhance differentiation of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) into male germ cells in vitro. Flow cytometry and qPCR were conducted to describe miPSCs differentiation process. Various temporal expression profiles of germ cell-related genes were traced. Stra8 gene expression increased in the RA group on the 4th day compared to other groups. The RA group experienced a more significant increase than E group. The expression of Sycp3 increased in RA + E group on 4th day compared with other groups. Expression of AKAP3 enhanced in the RA + E group than other groups on day 4. Moreover, miPSCs showed that this gene expression in the RA + E group was increased in comparison to RA and E groups on day 7. AKAP3 gene expression on day 7 of miPSCs decreased in RA and E groups. Flow cytometry data indicated that 3%-8% of the cells in sub-G1 stage were haploid after RA and E induction compared to other groups on day 4. This study showed that miPSCs possess the power for differentiating into male germ cells in vitro via formation of embryoid body by RA with/or E induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aghighi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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68
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Gille AS, Lapoujade C, Wolf JP, Fouchet P, Barraud-Lange V. Contribution of Single-Cell Transcriptomics to the Characterization of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells: Toward an Application in Male Fertility Regenerative Medicine? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225773. [PMID: 31744138 PMCID: PMC6888480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing progress in genomic technologies offers exciting tools that can help to resolve transcriptome and genome-wide DNA modifications at single-cell resolution. These methods can be used to characterize individual cells within complex tissue organizations and to highlight various molecular interactions. Here, we will discuss recent advances in the definition of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and their progenitors in humans using the single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNAseq) approach. Exploration of gene expression patterns allows one to investigate stem cell heterogeneity. It leads to tracing the spermatogenic developmental process and its underlying biology, which is highly influenced by the microenvironment. scRNAseq already represents a new diagnostic tool for the personalized investigation of male infertility. One may hope that a better understanding of SSC biology could facilitate the use of these cells in the context of fertility preservation of prepubertal children, as a key component of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Gille
- UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique, Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire des Cellules Souches Germinales, IRCM, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.L.); (P.F.)
- Team Genomic Epigenetic and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Department of Genetic, Development and Cancer, Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France; (J.-P.W.); (V.B.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Clémentine Lapoujade
- UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique, Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire des Cellules Souches Germinales, IRCM, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.L.); (P.F.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Wolf
- Team Genomic Epigenetic and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Department of Genetic, Development and Cancer, Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France; (J.-P.W.); (V.B.-L.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Paris Centre, CHU Cochin, Laboratory of Histology Embryology Biology of Reproduction, 123 boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Fouchet
- UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique, Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire des Cellules Souches Germinales, IRCM, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.L.); (P.F.)
| | - Virginie Barraud-Lange
- Team Genomic Epigenetic and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Department of Genetic, Development and Cancer, Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France; (J.-P.W.); (V.B.-L.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Paris Centre, CHU Cochin, Laboratory of Histology Embryology Biology of Reproduction, 123 boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
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Liang J, Wang N, He J, Du J, Guo Y, Li L, Wu W, Yao C, Li Z, Kee K. Induction of Sertoli-like cells from human fibroblasts by NR5A1 and GATA4. eLife 2019; 8:48767. [PMID: 31710289 PMCID: PMC6881147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells are essential nurse cells in the testis that regulate the process of spermatogenesis and establish the immune-privileged environment of the blood-testis-barrier (BTB). Here, we report the in vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts to human induced Sertoli-like cells (hiSCs). Initially, five transcriptional factors and a gene reporter carrying the AMH promoter were utilized to obtain the hiSCs. We further reduce the number of reprogramming factors to two, NR5A1 and GATA4, and show that these hiSCs have transcriptome profiles and cellular properties that are similar to those of primary human Sertoli cells. Moreover, hiSCs can sustain the viability of spermatogonia cells harvested from mouse seminiferous tubules. hiSCs suppress the proliferation of human T lymphocytes and protect xenotransplanted human cells in mice with normal immune systems. hiSCs also allow us to determine a gene associated with Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCO), CX43, is indeed important in regulating the maturation of Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Liang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Du
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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70
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Rodríguez Gutiérrez D, Biason-Lauber A. Pluripotent Cell Models for Gonadal Research. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215495. [PMID: 31690065 PMCID: PMC6862629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex development is a complex process involving many genes and hormones. Defects in this process lead to Differences of Sex Development (DSD), a group of heterogeneous conditions not as rare as previously thought. Part of the obstacles in proper management of these patients is due to an incomplete understanding of the genetics programs and molecular pathways involved in sex development and DSD. Several challenges delay progress and the lack of a proper model system for the single patient severely hinders advances in understanding these diseases. The revolutionary techniques of cellular reprogramming and guided in vitro differentiation allow us now to exploit the versatility of induced pluripotent stem cells to create alternatives models for DSD, ideally on a patient-specific personalized basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodríguez Gutiérrez
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Biason-Lauber
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Three-dimensional decellularized amnion membrane scaffold promotes the efficiency of male germ cells generation from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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72
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Gauthier-Fisher A, Kauffman A, Librach CL. Potential use of stem cells for fertility preservation. Andrology 2019; 8:862-878. [PMID: 31560823 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility and gonadal dysfunction can result from gonadotoxic therapies, environmental exposures, aging, or genetic conditions. In men, non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) results from defects in the spermatogenic process that can be attributed to spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) or their niche, or both. While assisted reproductive technologies and sperm banking can enable fertility preservation (FP) in men of reproductive age who are at risk for infertility, FP for pre-pubertal patients remains experimental. Therapeutic options for NOA are limited. The rapid advance of stem cell research and of gene editing technologies could enable new FP options for these patients. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), SSC, and testicular niche cells, as well as mesenchymal stromal cells (aka medicinal signaling cells, MSCs), have been investigated for their potential use in male FP strategies. OBJECTIVE Here, we review the benefits and challenges for three types of stem cell-based approaches under investigation for male FP, focusing on the role that promising sources of MSC derived from human umbilical cord, specifically human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVC), could fulfill. These approaches are as follows: 1. isolation and ex vivo expansion of autologous SSC for in vivo transplantation or in vitro spermatogenesis; 2. in vitro differentiation toward germ cell and testicular somatic cell lineages using autologous SSC, or stem cells such iPSC or MSC; and 3. protection or regeneration of the spermatogenic niche after gonadotoxic insults in vivo. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that HUCPVC are promising sources of cells that could be utilized in multiple aspects of male FP strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Kauffman
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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73
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Mahabadi JA, Tameh AA, Talaei SA, Karimian M, Rahiminia T, Enderami SE, Gheibi Hayat SM, Nikzad H. Retinoic acid and/or progesterone differentiate mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into male germ cells in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2159-2169. [PMID: 31646671 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reagents were employed for differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into male germ cells; however, the induction procedure was ineffective. The aim of this study was to improve the in vitro differentiation of mice iPSCs (miPSCs) into male germ cells with retinoic acid (RA) and progesterone (P). miPSCs were differentiated to embryoid bodies (EBs) in suspension with RA with or without progesterone for 0, 4, and 7 days. Then, the expression of certain genes at different stages of male germ cell development including Ddx4 (pre meiosis), Stra8 (meiosis), AKAP3 (post meiosis), and Mvh protein was examined in RNA and/or protein levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry, respectively. The Stra8 gene expression increased in the RA groups on all days. But, expression of this gene declined in RA + P groups. In addition, an increased expression of Ddx4 gene was observed on day 0 in the P group. Also, a significant upregulation was observed in the expression of AKAP3 gene in the RA + P group on days 0 and 4. However, gene expression decreased in P and RA groups on day 7. The expression of Mvh protein significantly increased in the RA group on day 7. The Mvh expression was also enhanced in the P group on day 4, but it decreased on day 7, while this protein upregulated on day 0 and 7 in the RA + P group. The miPSCs have the capacity for in vitro differentiation into male germ cells by RA and/or progesterone. However, the effects of these inducers depend on the type of combination and an effective time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Aazami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Rahiminia
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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74
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Oliver E, Stukenborg JB. Rebuilding the human testis in vitro. Andrology 2019; 8:825-834. [PMID: 31539453 PMCID: PMC7496374 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing rates of male infertility have led to a greater need for relevant model systems to gain further insight into male fertility and its failings. Spermatogenesis and hormone production occur within distinct regions of the testis. Defined by specialized architecture and a diverse population of cell types, it is no surprise that disruption of this highly organized microenvironment can lead to infertility. To date, no robust in vitro system has facilitated full spermatogenesis resulting in the production of fertilization‐competent human spermatozoa. Here, we review a selection of current in vitro systems available for modelling the human testis microenvironment with focus on the progression of spermatogenesis and recapitulation of the testis microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Oliver
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - J-B Stukenborg
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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75
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Vermeulen M, Giudice MG, Del Vento F, Wyns C. Role of stem cells in fertility preservation: current insights. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 12:27-48. [PMID: 31496751 PMCID: PMC6689135 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s178490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While improvements made in the field of cancer therapy allow high survival rates, gonadotoxicity of chemo- and radiotherapy can lead to infertility in male and female pre- and postpubertal patients. Clinical options to preserve fertility before starting gonadotoxic therapies by cryopreserving sperm or oocytes for future use with assisted reproductive technology (ART) are now applied worldwide. Cryopreservation of pre- and postpubertal ovarian tissue containing primordial follicles, though still considered experimental, has already led to the birth of healthy babies after autotransplantation and is performed in an increasing number of centers. For prepubertal boys who do not produce gametes ready for fertilization, cryopreservation of immature testicular tissue (ITT) containing spermatogonial stem cells may be proposed as an experimental strategy with the aim of restoring fertility. Based on achievements in nonhuman primates, autotransplantation of ITT or testicular cell suspensions appears promising to restore fertility of young cancer survivors. So far, whether in two- or three-dimensional culture systems, in vitro maturation of immature male and female gonadal cells or tissue has not demonstrated a capacity to produce safe gametes for ART. Recently, primordial germ cells have been generated from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, but further investigations regarding efficiency and safety are needed. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells to improve the vascularization of gonadal tissue grafts, increase the colonization of transplanted cells, and restore the damaged somatic compartment could overcome the current limitations encountered with transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vermeulen
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Maria-Grazia Giudice
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Federico Del Vento
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Christine Wyns
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200, Belgium
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76
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Majidi Gharenaz N, Movahedin M, Mazaheri Z. Three-Dimensional Culture of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells Using A Decellularised Testicular Scaffold. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:410-418. [PMID: 31376322 PMCID: PMC6722448 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Applications of biological scaffolds for regenerative medicine are increasing. Such scaffolds improve cell
attachment, migration, proliferation and differentiation. In the current study decellularised mouse whole testis was used
as a natural 3 dimensional (3D) scaffold for culturing spermatogonial stem cells.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, adult mouse whole testes were decellularised using sodium
dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100. The efficiency of decellularisation was determined by histology and DNA
quantification. Masson’s trichrome staining, alcian blue staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were done for
validation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. These scaffolds were recellularised through injection of mouse
spermatogonial stem cells in to rete testis. Then, they were cultured for eight weeks. Recellularised scaffolds were
assessed by histology, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IHC.
Results Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining showed that the cells were successfully removed by SDS and Triton
X-100. DNA content analysis indicated that 98% of the DNA was removed from the testis. This confirmed that our
decellularisation protocol was efficient. Masson’s trichrome and alcian blue staining respectively showed that
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen are preserved in the scaffolds. IHC analysis confirmed the preservation of
fibronectin, collagen IV, and laminin. MTT assay indicated that the scaffolds were cell-compatible. Histological evaluation
of recellularised scaffolds showed that injected cells were settled on the basement membrane of the seminiferous
tubule. Analyses of gene expression using real-time PCR indicated that expression of the Plzf gene was unchanged
over the time while expression of Sycp3 gene was increased significantly (P=0.003) after eight weeks in culture,
suggesting that the spermatogonial stem cells started meiosis. IHC confirmed that PLZF-positive cells (spermatogonial
stem cells) and SYCP3-positive cells (spermatocytes) were present in seminiferous tubules.
Conclusion Spermatogonial stem cells could proliferate and differentiated in to spermatocytes after being injected in the
decellularised testicular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Majidi Gharenaz
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Zohreh Mazaheri
- Basic Medical Science Research Center, Histogenotech Company, Tehran, Iran
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77
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Sakib S, Goldsmith T, Voigt A, Dobrinski I. Testicular organoids to study cell-cell interactions in the mammalian testis. Andrology 2019; 8:835-841. [PMID: 31328437 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last ten years, three-dimensional organoid culture has garnered renewed interest, as organoids generated from primary cells or stem cells with cell associations and functions similar to organs in vivo can be a powerful tool to study tissue-specific cell-cell interactions in vitro. Very recently, a few interesting approaches have been put forth for generating testicular organoids for studying the germ cell niche microenvironment. AIM To review different model systems that have been employed to study germ cell biology and testicular cell-cell interactions and discuss how the organoid approach can address some of the shortcomings of those systems. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Testicular organoids that bear architectural and functional similarities to their in vivo counterparts are a powerful model system to study cell-cell interactions in the germ cell niche. Organoids enable studying samples in humans and other large animals where in vivo experiments are not possible, allow modeling of testicular disease and malignancies and may provide a platform to design more precise therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakib
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada.,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
| | - T Goldsmith
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada.,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
| | - A Voigt
- Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
| | - I Dobrinski
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada.,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
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78
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Sakib S, Voigt A, Goldsmith T, Dobrinski I. Three-dimensional testicular organoids as novel in vitro models of testicular biology and toxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2019; 5:dvz011. [PMID: 31463083 PMCID: PMC6705190 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are three dimensional structures consisting of multiple cell types that recapitulate the cellular architecture and functionality of native organs. Over the last decade, the advent of organoid research has opened up many avenues for basic and translational studies. Following suit of other disciplines, research groups working in the field of male reproductive biology have started establishing and characterizing testicular organoids. The three-dimensional architectural and functional similarities of organoids to their tissue of origin facilitate study of complex cell interactions, tissue development and establishment of representative, scalable models for drug and toxicity screening. In this review, we discuss the current state of testicular organoid research, their advantages over conventional monolayer culture and their potential applications in the field of reproductive biology and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadman Sakib
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Anna Voigt
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Taylor Goldsmith
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Ina Dobrinski
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
- Correspondence address. Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Room 404, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3300 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada. Tel: 4032106523; Fax: 4032108821; E-mail:
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79
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Abdyyev VK, Dashinimayev EB, Neklyudova IV, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV. Modern Technologies Deriving Human Primordial Germ Cells in vitro. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:220-231. [PMID: 31221060 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are a unique type of stem cells capable of giving rise to totipotent stem cells and ensuring the fertility of an organism and the transfer of its genome to the next generation. PGC research is an important perspective research field of developmental biology that handles many questions of embryogenesis and holds promise for treatments of infertility in the future. Considering ethical concerns related to human embryos, the main research approach in understanding the biology of human PGCs is in vitro studies. In this review, we consider the historical perspective of human PGC studies in vitro, the main existing models, and further outlooks and applications in medicine and science.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Abdyyev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - E B Dashinimayev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,Pirogov Russian Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - I V Neklyudova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E A Vorotelyak
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,Pirogov Russian Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - A V Vasiliev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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80
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Yang S, Ding S, He S, He L, Gao K, Peng S, Shuai C. Differentiation of primordial germ cells from premature ovarian insufficiency-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:156. [PMID: 31151408 PMCID: PMC6545034 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common disease in reproductive women. The pathogenesis of POI is not clear, although it is known that it involves the disorder of oocyte differentiation and development. The introduction of reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a unique opportunity to study many aspects of POI from cell differentiation in vitro that could ultimately lead to novel drug development and testing to help treat the disorder. Methods The fibroblasts from POI patients, including fragile X syndrome, abnormal karyotype (45, X; 45, X/46, XX; 45, XO and 47, XXX), and the gene mutation (FIGLA and GDF9) were reprogrammed to pluripotency status by retroviral transduction using defined factors. The morphology, growth characteristics, gene expression profiles, epigenetic status, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation potential of the POI-1-iPSCs (from fragile X syndrome) were analyzed. Then, POI-1-iPSCs were induced to differentiation into primordial germ cells (PGCs) with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. Results The iPSCs were successfully generated from POI patients’ fibroblasts. The formed iPS clones have the same characteristics of human ESCs. POI-1-iPSCs were successfully generated with germline competence. The POI-1-iPSCs, with genotypes of fragile X syndrome, can be induced to differentiation into PGCs with high efficiency under our culture system by DNA demethylation. This study proved that disease-specific iPSC lines derived from POI patients could be generated and successfully differentiated into PGCs. Conclusions We established some novel, systemic cell models for the studying of the pathogenesis of POI patients. Second, DNA demethylation may accelerate the induction of human PGCs from iPSCs in vitro and the conclusion needs further exploration. This represents an important step in the novel approach for the study of the pathophysiology and potential egg resource for POI patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1261-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- The Center of Reproduction Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shufang Ding
- The Center of Reproduction Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei He
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China.
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81
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Sybirna A, Wong FCK, Surani MA. Genetic basis for primordial germ cells specification in mouse and human: Conserved and divergent roles of PRDM and SOX transcription factors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 135:35-89. [PMID: 31155363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors of sperm and egg that pass on genetic and epigenetic information from one generation to the next. In mammals, they are induced from a subset of cells in peri-implantation epiblast by BMP signaling from the surrounding tissues. PGCs then initiate a unique developmental program that involves comprehensive epigenetic resetting and repression of somatic genes. This is orchestrated by a set of signaling molecules and transcription factors that promote germ cell identity. Here we review significant findings on mammalian PGC biology, in particular, the genetic basis for PGC specification in mice and human, which has revealed an evolutionary divergence between the two species. We discuss the importance and potential basis for these differences and focus on several examples to illustrate the conserved and divergent roles of critical transcription factors in mouse and human germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sybirna
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Frederick C K Wong
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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82
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Zhang YL, Li PZ, Pang J, Wan YJ, Zhang GM, Fan YX, Wang ZY, Tao NH, Wang F. Induction of goat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into putative male germ cells using mRNA for STRA8, BOULE and DAZL. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:563-572. [PMID: 30767091 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into germ cells (GCs). This study was conducted to develop a non-integrated method of using RNA transfection to derive putative male GCs from goat BMSCs (gBMSCs) in vitro by overexpressing STRA8, BOULE and DAZL. The gBMSCs were induced by co-transfection these three mRNAs together (mi-SBD group) or sequential transfection according to their expression time order in vivo (mi-S + BD group). After transfection, a small population of gBMSCs transdifferentiated into early germ cell-like cells and had the potential to enter meiosis. These cells expressed primordial germ cell specific genes STELLA, C-KIT and MVH, as well as premeiotic genes DAZL, BOULE, STRA8, PIWIL2 and RNF17. Importantly, the expression level of meiotic marker synaptonemal complex protein 3 significantly increased in these transfected two groups compared with control cells by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis (P < 0.05). Moreover, the protein expression of MVH was significantly higher in mi-S + BD group than that in mi-SBD group (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with control group, the methylation rate of imprinted gene H19 decreased in these two transfected group (P < 0.05), and the rate was significantly lower in mi-S + BD group compared with mi-SBD group (P < 0.05). This study helps to understand the mechanisms of action of key genes in GCs differentiation and also provides a novel system for in vitro induction of male GCs from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei-Zhen Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Station of Animal Husbandry, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Fan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | - Nie-Hai Tao
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China.
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83
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Eguizabal C, Aran B, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Geens M, Heindryckx B, Panula S, Popovic M, Vassena R, Veiga A. Two decades of embryonic stem cells: a historical overview. Hum Reprod Open 2019; 2019:hoy024. [PMID: 30895264 PMCID: PMC6396646 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How did the field of stem cell research develop in the years following the derivation of the first human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line? SUMMARY ANSWER Supported by the increasing number of clinical trials to date, significant technological advances in the past two decades have brought us ever closer to clinical therapies derived from pluripotent cells. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Since their discovery 20 years ago, the use of human pluripotent stem cells has progressed tremendously from bench to bedside. Here, we provide a concise review of the main keystones of this journey and focus on ongoing clinical trials, while indicating the most relevant future research directions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a historical narrative, including relevant publications in the field of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) derivation and differentiation, recounted both through scholarly research of published evidence and interviews of six pioneers who participated in some of the most relevant discoveries in the field. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The authors all contributed by researching the literature and agreed upon body of works. Portions of the interviews of the field pioneers have been integrated into the review and have also been included in full for advanced reader interest. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The stem cell field is ever expanding. We find that in the 20 years since the derivation of the first hESC lines, several relevant developments have shaped the pluripotent cell field, from the discovery of different states of pluripotency, the derivation of induced PSC, the refinement of differentiation protocols with several clinical trials underway, as well as the recent development of organoids. The challenge for the years to come will be to validate and refine PSCs for clinical use, from the production of highly defined cell populations in clinical grade conditions to the possibility of creating replacement organoids for functional, if not anatomical, function restoration. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is a non-systematic review of current literature. Some references may have escaped the experts’ analysis due to the exceedingly diverse nature of the field. As the field of regenerative medicine is rapidly advancing, some of the most recent developments may have not been captured entirely. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The multi-disciplinary nature and tremendous potential of the stem cell field has important implications for basic as well as translational research. Recounting these activities will serve to provide an in-depth overview of the field, fostering a further understanding of human stem cell and developmental biology. The comprehensive overview of clinical trials and expert opinions included in this narrative may serve as a valuable scientific resource, supporting future efforts in translational approaches. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) ESHRE provided funding for the authors’ on-site meeting and discussion during the preparation of this manuscript. S.M.C.S.L. is funded by the European Research Council Consolidator (ERC-CoG-725722-OVOGROWTH). M.P. is supported by the Special Research Fund, Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds (BOF01D08114). M.G. is supported by the Methusalem grant of Vrije Universiteit Brussel, in the name of Prof. Karen Sermon and by Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT, Project Number: 150042). A.V. and B.A. are supported by the Plataforma de Proteomica, Genotipado y Líneas Celulares (PT1770019/0015) (PRB3), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Research grant to B.H. by the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO) (FWO.KAN.2016.0005.01 and FWO.Project G051516N). There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable. ESHRE Pages are not externally peer reviewed. This article has been approved by the Executive Committee of ESHRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eguizabal
- Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Group, Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Barrio Labeaga S/N, Galdakao, Spain
| | - B Aran
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Centre of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Ghent Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Geens
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Univeristeit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette (Brussels), Belgium
| | - B Heindryckx
- Ghent Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Panula
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Popovic
- Ghent Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - A Veiga
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Centre of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Dexeus Mujer, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
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84
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Fang F, Li Z, Zhao Q, Li H, Xiong C. Human induced pluripotent stem cells and male infertility: an overview of current progress and perspectives. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:188-195. [PMID: 29315416 PMCID: PMC5850345 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant progress has been made in ART for the treatment of male infertility. However, current ART has failed to help infertile patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, unless donor sperm is used. In fact, most couples wish to have their own genetically related child. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated from patients’ somatic cells and in vitro derivation of functional germ cells from patient-specific iPSCs may provide new therapeutic strategies for infertile couples. The overall developmental dynamics of human primordial germ cells are similar to that in mice, but accumulating evidence suggests that there are crucial differences between human and mouse PGC specification. Unlike mouse iPSCs (miPSCs) in naive state, hiPSCs exhibit a primed pluripotency which possess less potential for the germ cell fate. Based on research in mice, male germ cells at different stages have been derived from hiPSCs with different protocols, including spontaneous differentiation, overexpression of germ cell regulators, addition of cytokines, co-culture with gonadal cells in vitro and xeno-transplantation. The aim of this review is to summarize the current advances in derivation of male germ cells from hiPSCs and raise the perspectives of hiPSCs in medical application for male infertility, as well as in basic research for male germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zili Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China
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85
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Rezaei Topraggaleh T, Rezazadeh Valojerdi M, Montazeri L, Baharvand H. A testis-derived macroporous 3D scaffold as a platform for the generation of mouse testicular organoids. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1422-1436. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds provide an efficient platform for the generation of organ-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology
- ACECR
- Tehran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology
- ACECR
- Tehran
- Iran
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86
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Mahabadi JA, Sabzalipoor H, Nikzad H, Seyedhosseini E, Enderami SE, Gheibi Hayat SM, Sahebkar A. The role of microRNAs in embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation in male germ cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12278-12289. [PMID: 30536380 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New perspectives have been opened by advances in stem cell research for reproductive and regenerative medicine. Several different cell types can be differentiated from stem cells (SCs) under suitable in vitro and in vivo conditions. The differentiation of SCs into male germ cells has been reported by many groups. Due to their unlimited pluripotency and self-renewal, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used as valuable tools for drug delivery, disease modeling, developmental studies, and cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. The unique features of SCs are controlled by a dynamic interplay between extrinsic signaling pathways, and regulations at epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward better understanding of the functions and expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in the maintenance of SC pluripotency. miRNAs are short noncoding molecules, which play a functional role in the regulation of gene expression. In addition, the important regulatory role of miRNAs in differentiation and dedifferentiation has been recently demonstrated. A balance between differentiation and pluripotency is maintained by miRNAs in the embryo and stem cells. This review summarizes the recent findings about the role of miRNAs in the regulation of self-renewal and pluripotency of iPSCs and ESCs, as well as their impact on cellular reprogramming and stem cell differentiation into male germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Sabzalipoor
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elahe Seyedhosseini
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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87
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Ding DC, Chu TY, Liu HW. Dedifferentiation of human uterine polyp stem cells into embryo-like cells during inducing pluripotency. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1586-1598. [PMID: 30263010 PMCID: PMC6158719 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By introduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc, human adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed into embryonic stem cell capable of pluripotent differentiation. In several lines of human endometrial polyp- and cervical polyp-mesenchymal stem cells (EPMSCs and CPMSC), we showed introduction of the four transcription factors led to a dedifferentiation of these cells into early embryo-like cells in three days, ranging from one-cell, two-cell, four-cell embryos, and morula to blastocyst. These early embryo-like cells resembled human early embryo derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) in morphology, and hatching activity. These cells also expressed hypoblast (GATA4) and trophoblast (Cdx2) markers. After culturing the embryo-like cells for one month, the induced pluripotency stem cells (iPSC) could be formed (proved by pluripotency gene expression, by in vitro and in vivo differentiation). C/EBPα expression was also increased in uterine polyps. In contrast, MSCs derived from normal endometrium could not be induced to dedifferentiation to such early embryo-like cells. We conclude that EPMSCs and CPMSCs could be dedifferentiated to early embryo-like cells by the iPSC cocktail. This suggests that polyps of the organ derived from Mullerian duct may harbor epigenetic markers making them vulnerable to reprogramming to the earliest developmental stage. This study provides a simple model to derive early human embryo-like cells by in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-Wun Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital; Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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88
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Dissanayake D, Patel H, Wijesinghe PS. Differentiation of human male germ cells from Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2018; 45:75-81. [PMID: 29984207 PMCID: PMC6030615 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2018.45.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recapitulation of the spermatogenesis process in vitro is a tool for studying the biology of germ cells, and may lead to promising therapeutic strategies in the future. In this study, we attempted to transdifferentiate Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into male germ cells using all-trans retinoic acid and Sertoli cell-conditioned medium. Methods Human WJ-MSCs were propagated by the explant culture method, and cells at the second passage were induced with differentiation medium containing all-trans retinoic acid for 2 weeks. Putative germ cells were cultured with Sertoli cell-conditioned medium at 36℃ for 3 more weeks. Results The gene expression profile was consistent with the stage-specific development of germ cells. The expression of Oct4 and Plzf (early germ cell markers) was diminished, while Stra8 (a premeiotic marker), Scp3 (a meiotic marker), and Acr and Prm1 (postmeiotic markers) were upregulated during the induction period. In morphological studies, approximately 5% of the cells were secondary spermatocytes that had completed two stages of acrosome formation (the Golgi phase and the cap phase). A few spermatid-like cells that had undergone the initial stage of tail formation were also noted. Conclusion Human WJ-MSCs can be transdifferentiated into more advanced stages of germ cells by a simple two-step induction protocol using retinoic acid and Sertoli cell-conditioned medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmab Dissanayake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - H Patel
- StemCure Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, India
| | - P S Wijesinghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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89
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Steves AN, Turry A, Gill B, Clarkson-Townsend D, Bradner JM, Bachli I, Caudle WM, Miller GW, Chan AWS, Easley CA. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances impact human spermatogenesis in a stem-cell-derived model. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 64:225-239. [PMID: 29911897 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1481465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) represent a highly ubiquitous group of synthetic chemicals used in products ranging from water and oil repellents and lubricants to firefighting foam. These substances can enter and accumulate in multiple tissue matrices in up to 100% of people assessed. Though animal models strongly identify these compounds as male reproductive toxicants, with exposed rodents experiencing declines in sperm count, alterations in hormones, and DNA damage in spermatids, among other adverse outcomes, human studies report conflicting conclusions as to the reproductive toxicity of these chemicals. Using an innovative, human stem-cell-based model of spermatogenesis, we assessed the effects of the PFASs perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and a mixture of PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA for their impacts on human spermatogenesis in vitro under conditions relevant to the general and occupationally exposed populations. Here, we show that PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and a mixture of PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA do not decrease in vitro germ cell viability, consistent with reports from human studies. These compounds do not affect mitochondrial membrane potential or increase reactive oxygen species generation, and they do not decrease cell viability of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, or spermatids in vitro under the conditions examined. However, exposure to PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA reduces expression of markers for spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. While not having direct effects on germ cell viability, these effects suggest the potential for long-term impacts on male fertility through the exhaustion of the spermatogonial stem cell pool and abnormalities in primary spermatocytes. ABBREVIATIONS CDC: Centers for Disease Control; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GHR: growth hormone receptor; hESCs: human embryonic stem cells; PFASs: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFCs: perfluorinated compounds; PFNA: perfluorononanoic acid; PFOS: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; PFOA: perfluorooctanoic acid; PLZF: promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger; ROS: reactive oxygen species; HILI: RNA-mediated gene silencing 2; SSC: spermatogonial stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyse N Steves
- a Genetics and Molecular Biology Program , Laney Graduate School, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Adam Turry
- b College of Public Health , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.,c Regenerative Bioscience Center , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Brittany Gill
- b College of Public Health , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.,c Regenerative Bioscience Center , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | | | - Joshua M Bradner
- d Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Ian Bachli
- b College of Public Health , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.,c Regenerative Bioscience Center , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - W Michael Caudle
- d Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- d Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Anthony W S Chan
- e Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases , Yerkes National Primate Research Center , Atlanta , GA , USA.,f Department of Human Genetics , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- b College of Public Health , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.,c Regenerative Bioscience Center , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.,e Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases , Yerkes National Primate Research Center , Atlanta , GA , USA
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90
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Mahabadi JA, Sabzalipour H, Bafrani HH, Gheibi Hayat SM, Nikzad H. Application of induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell technology to the study of male infertility. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8441-8449. [PMID: 29870061 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are classes of undifferentiated biological cells existing only at the embryonic, fetal, and adult stages that can divide to produce specialized cell types during fetal development and remain in our bodies throughout life. The progression of regenerative and reproductive medicine owes the advancement of respective in vitro and in vivo biological science on the stem cell nature under appropriate conditions. The SCs are promising therapeutic tools to treat currently of infertility because of wide sources and high potency to differentiate. Nevertheless, no effective remedies are available to deal with severe infertility due to congenital or gonadotoxic stem cell deficiency in prepubertal childhood. Some recent solutions have been developed to address the severe fertility problems, including in vitro formation of germ cells from stem cells, induction of pluripotency from somatic cells, and production of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. There is a possibility of fertility restoration using the in vitro formation of germ cells from somatic cells. Accordingly, the present review aimed at studying the literature published on the medical application of stem cells in reproductive concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Sabzalipour
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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91
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Steves AN, Bradner JM, Fowler KL, Clarkson-Townsend D, Gill BJ, Turry AC, Caudle WM, Miller GW, Chan AWS, Easley CA. Ubiquitous Flame-Retardant Toxicants Impair Spermatogenesis in a Human Stem Cell Model. iScience 2018; 3:161-176. [PMID: 29901031 PMCID: PMC5994764 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm counts have rapidly declined in Western males over the past four decades. This rapid decline remains largely unexplained, but exposure to environmental toxicants provides one potential explanation for this decline. Flame retardants are highly prevalent and persistent in the environment, but many have not been assessed for their effects on human spermatogenesis. Using a human stem cell-based model of spermatogenesis, we evaluated two major flame retardants, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), under acute conditions simulating occupational-level exposures. Here we show that HBCDD and TBBPA are human male reproductive toxicants in vitro. Although these toxicants do not specifically affect the survival of haploid spermatids, they affect spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes through mitochondrial membrane potential perturbation and reactive oxygen species generation, ultimately causing apoptosis. Taken together, these results show that HBCDD and TBBPA affect human spermatogenesis in vitro and potentially implicate this highly prevalent class of toxicants in the decline of Western males' sperm counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyse N Steves
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kristen L Fowler
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Danielle Clarkson-Townsend
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brittany J Gill
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Adam C Turry
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anthony W S Chan
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, GA 30322, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, GA 30322, USA.
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92
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Hu K, Li L, Liao Y, Liang M. LncRNA Gm2044 highly expresses in spermatocyte and inhibits Utf1 translation by interacting with Utf1 mRNA. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:781-787. [PMID: 29934815 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a process which includes the following phases: spermatogonial stem cell proliferation and differentiation, spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and mature sperm. Spermatogenic failure is the important factor resulting in male infertility. Recent studies showed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have been found to be involved in the regulation of male reproduction. However, lncRNA associated with spermatogenesis and their mechanisms of action are unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the role and molecular mechanism of lncRNA in spermatogenesis. LncRNA microarray of germ cells and bioinformatic analysis showed lncRNA Gm2044 may play potential roles in spermatogenesis. The expression level of RNA and protein were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The interaction of lncRNA with mRNA was detected by RNA pull down and cellular proliferation was measured using CCK-8 reagent. Testis-enriched lncRNA Gm2044 is abundant in mouse spermatocytes. Gm2044 can suppress the translation of adjacent spermatogenesis-related gene Utf1 by interacting with Utf1 mRNA. Furthermore, the proliferation of mouse spermatogonia GC-1 cell line and spermatocyte GC-2 cell line was inhibited by Gm2044. CONCLUSION LncRNA Gm2044 was identified to inhibit Utf1 mRNA translation and play important roles in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Liao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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93
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Ma X, Li P, Sun X, Sun Y, Hu R, Yuan P. Differentiation of female Oct4-GFP embryonic stem cells into germ lineage cells. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:488-494. [PMID: 29271529 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to high infertility ratio nowadays, it is essential to explore efficient ways of enhancing mammalian reproductivity, in particular female reproductivity. Using female Oct4-GFP embryonic stem cells, we mimic the in vivo development procedure to induce ES cells into epiblast cell-like cells (EpiLCs) and then primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs). GFP positive PGCLCs that showed typical PGC markers and epigenetic modification were efficiently obtained. Further transplantation of the GFP positive PGCLC and native ovary cell mixture into ovary of infertile mice revealed that both MVH and GFP positive cells could be developed in ovary, but no later developmental stage germ cells were observed. This study suggested that Oct4-GFP ES cells may be only suitable for tracing early germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Disease, No.22 Nonglin Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Sing Loong Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
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94
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Identification of Bactrian camel cell lines using genetic markers. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:265-271. [PMID: 29497968 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Iranian Bactrian camel population is less than 100 animals. Iranian biological resource center produced more than 50 Bactrian camel fibroblast cell lines as a somatic cell bank for conservation animal genetic resources. We compared two type markers performance, including 14 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) (dominant) and eight microsatellite (co-dominant) for cell line identification, individual identification and investigation genetic structure of these samples. Based on clarity, polymorphism, and repeatability, four RAPD primers were selected for future analysis. Four RAPD primers and eight microsatellite markers have generated a total of 21 fragments and 45 alleles, respectively. RAPD primers revealed fragment size between 150 to 2000 bp and gene diversity since 0.27 (IBRD) to 0.46 (GC10), with an average of 0.37. Microsatellite markers generated number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 11, with an average of 5.62 alleles. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.359 (IBRC02) to 0.978 (YWLL08), and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.449 (IBRC02) to 0.879 (YWLL08). Bottleneck analysis and curve showed that Bactrian camel population did not experience a low diversity. RAPD profiles were especially suitable for investigation population genetics. All primers generated novel and polymorphic fragments. Briefly, our results show that a multiplex PCR based on these markers can still be valuable and suitable for authentication of cell lines, investigating gene diversity and conservation genetic resources in Bactrian camel, while new technologies are continuously developed.
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95
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Cheng T, Zhai K, Chang Y, Yao G, He J, Wang F, Kong H, Xin H, Wang H, Jin M, Gong B, Gu L, Yang Z, Wu Y, Ji G, Sun Y. CHIR99021 combined with retinoic acid promotes the differentiation of primordial germ cells from human embryonic stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7814-7826. [PMID: 27999196 PMCID: PMC5352363 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) represent as a desirable experimental model as well as a potential strategy for treating male infertility. Here, we developed a simple and feasible method for differentiation of PGCs from hESCs by using CHIR99021 (an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3) and retinoic acid (RA). We firstly found that the deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) protein can be detected in 3 d CHIR99021 plus 9 d retinoic acid treated cultures and 12 d CHIR99021 plus retinoic acid co-treated cultures, but not expressed in single CHIR99021 treated cultures, single retinoic acid treated cultures, as well as 3 d retinoic acid plus 9 d CHIR99021 treated cultures. Next, we showed that several PGCs’ markers were expressed in the 12 d CHIR99021 and retinoic acid co-treated cultures or 3 d CHIR99021 plus 9 d retinoic acid treated cultures. Moreover, meiosis was initiated in CHIR99021 and retinoic acid co-treated cultures as evidenced by a significant expression of the punctate synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated that a small percentage of putative 1N populations were formed. Mechanically, we found that β-catenin relocated into nucleus after the treatment of 3 d CHIR99021 suggesting that Wnt signaling pathway was activated. Furthermore, blockade of Wnt signaling pathway by IWR-1 can reverse CHIR99021 and retinoic acid mediated-effects. Taken together, our results indicate that CHIR99021 combined with retinoic acid can effectively differentiate hESCs into PGCs via activating Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kui Zhai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guidong Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Kong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Xin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Jin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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96
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In Vitro Modeling of Human Germ Cell Development Using Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:509-523. [PMID: 29398481 PMCID: PMC5830957 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to differences across species, the mechanisms of cell fate decisions determined in mice cannot be readily extrapolated to humans. In this study, we developed a feeder- and xeno-free culture protocol that efficiently induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into PLZF+/GPR125+/CD90+ spermatogonium-like cells (SLCs). These SLCs were enriched with key genes in germ cell development such as MVH, DAZL, GFRα1, NANOS3, and DMRT1. In addition, a small fraction of SLCs went through meiosis in vitro to develop into haploid cells. We further demonstrated that this chemically defined induction protocol faithfully recapitulated the features of compromised germ cell development of PSCs with NANOS3 deficiency or iPSC lines established from patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Taken together, we established a powerful experimental platform to investigate human germ cell development and pathology related to male infertility. SLCs and haploid cells are formed from PSCs via a feeder- and xeno-free condition In-vitro-developed SLCs are enriched with germ cell-specific genes NANOS3 deficiency compromises SLC derivation from PSCs iPSCs derived from NOA patients display disturbed germ cell development
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97
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Amini Mahabadi J, Sabzalipoor H, Kehtari M, Enderami SE, Soleimani M, Nikzad H. Derivation of male germ cells from induced pluripotent stem cells by inducers: A review. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:279-290. [PMID: 29397308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) refer to stem cells that are artificially produced using a new technology known as cellular reprogramming, which can use gene transduction in somatic cells. There are numerous potential applications for iPSCs in the field of stem cell biology becauase they are able to give rise to several different cell features of lineages such as three-germ layers. Primordial germ cells, generated via in vitro differentiation of iPSCs, have been demonstrated to produce functional gametes. Therefore, in this review we discussed past and recent advances in the in vitro differentiation of germ cells using pluripotent stem cells with an emphasis on iPSCs. Although this domain of research is still in its infancy, exploring development mechanisms of germ cells is promising, especially in humans, to promote future reproductive and developmental engineering technologies. While few studies have evaluated the ability and efficiency of iPSCs to differentiate toward male germ cells in vitro by different inducers, the given effect was investigated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Sabzalipoor
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Kehtari
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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98
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Abstract
Fusion of sperm and egg generates a totipotent zygote that develops into a whole organism. Accordingly, the "immortal" germline transmits genetic and epigenetic information to subsequent generations with consequences for human health and disease. In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs) originate from peri-gastrulation embryos. While early human embryos are inaccessible for research, in vitro model systems using pluripotent stem cells have provided critical insights into human PGC specification, which differs from that in mice. This might stem from significant differences in early embryogenesis at the morphological and molecular levels, including pluripotency networks. Here, we discuss recent advances and experimental systems used to study mammalian germ cell development. We also highlight key aspects of germ cell disorders, as well as mitochondrial and potentially epigenetic inheritance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Irie
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Anastasiya Sybirna
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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99
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Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and male infertility: Current status and future directions. Arab J Urol 2017; 16:171-180. [PMID: 29713548 PMCID: PMC5922182 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarise the current state of research into spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) therapies with a focus on future directions, as SSCs show promise as a source for preserving or initiating fertility in otherwise infertile men. Materials and methods We performed a search for publications addressing spermatogonial stem cell transplantation in the treatment of male infertility. The search engines PubMed and Google Scholar were used from 1990 to 2017. Search terms were relevant for spermatogonial stem cell therapies. Titles of publications were screened for relevance; abstracts were read, if related and full papers were reviewed for directly pertinent original research. Results In all, 58 papers were found to be relevant to this review, and were included in appropriate subheadings. This review discusses the various techniques that SSCs are being investigated to treat forms of male infertility. Conclusions Evidence does not yet support clinical application of SSCs in humans. However, significant progress in the in vitro and in vivo development of SSCs, including differentiation into functional germ cells, gives reason for cautious optimism for future research.
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Key Words
- ART, assisted reproductive technologies
- Allograft
- BMP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4
- Bcl6b, B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 6B
- CD(24)(34), cluster of differentiation (24)(34)
- FGF2, Fibroblast growth factor 2
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridisation
- Fertility preservation
- GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
- ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- ID4, inhibitor of differentiation 4
- KS, Klinefelter syndrome
- Male infertility
- Non-obstructive azoospermia
- Onco-fertility
- PGC, primordial germ cells
- PLZF, promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger
- PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
- RA(R), retinoic acid (receptor)
- SPG, spermatogonia
- SSC, spermatogonial stem cell
- Stem cell therapy
- Stra8, stimulated by RA 8
- ZBTB, zinc finger and broad complex/Tramtrack/bric-a-brac
- c-Kit, KIT Proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase
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100
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Rombaut C, Mertes H, Heindryckx B, Goossens E. Human in vitro spermatogenesis from pluripotent stem cells: in need of a stepwise differentiation protocol? Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 24:47-54. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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