51
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Liu Z, Chen Y, Niu B, Yin D, Feng F, Gu S, An Q, Xu J, An N, Zhang J, Yi J, Yin W, Qin X, Hu X. NLRP3 inflammasome of renal tubular epithelial cells induces kidney injury in acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e373. [PMID: 33783986 PMCID: PMC8009139 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion, a common basic supporting therapy, can lead to acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR). AHTR poses a great risk to patients through kidney function damage in a short time. Previous reports found that heme from destroyed red blood cells impaired kidney function, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was augmented in case of kidney injury. However, the detailed mechanism regarding whether NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in kidney function injury in AHTR is not fully understood yet. METHODS Hemolysis models were established by vein injection with human blood plasma or mouse heme from destroyed red blood cells. The injured renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) were evaluated by tubular damage markers staining in hemolysis models and in primary RTECs in vitro. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in RTECs by hemes was investigated by Western blot, ELISA, scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and hemolysis models. NLRP3 gene knockout mice were employed to confirm these observations in vitro and in vivo. The binding between a novel inhibitor (66PR) and NLRP3 was affirmed by molecule docking and co-immunoprecipitation. The rescue of 66PR on kidney function impairment was explored in murine hemolysis models. RESULTS We found that heme could activate NLRP3 inflammasome in RTECs to induce kidney function injury. NLRP3 gene knockout could prevent the damage of RTECs caused by hemes and recover kidney function in AHTR. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome chemical inhibitor, 66PR, could bind to NLRP3 protein and inhibit inflammasome activation in RTECs, which consequently relieved the injury of RTECs caused by hemes, and alleviated kidney function damage in the AHTR model. CONCLUSIONS Hemes could activate NLRP3 inflammasome in RTECs, and a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor named 66PR relieved kidney function damage in AHTR. Our findings provided a new possible strategy to treat kidney function failure in AHTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yaozhen Chen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dandan Yin
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Fan Feng
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXianShaanxiChina
| | - Shunli Gu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Qunxing An
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jinmei Xu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Ning An
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xiangyang Qin
- Department of Chemistry, School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xingbin Hu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Jiang J, Wang W, Sun F, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang D. Bacterial infection reinforces host metabolic flux from arginine to spermine for NLRP3 inflammasome evasion. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108832. [PMID: 33691113 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hosts recognize cytosolic microbial infection via the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor (NLR) protein family, triggering inflammasome complex assembly to provoke pyroptosis or cytokine-related caspase-1-dependent antimicrobial responses. Pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to antagonize inflammasome activation. Here, Edwardsiella piscicida gene-defined transposon library screening for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in nlrc4-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) demonstrates that genes clustered in the bacterial arginine metabolism pathway participate in NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Blocking arginine uptake or putrescine export significantly relieves NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, indicating that this bacterium rewires its arginine metabolism network during infection. Moreover, intracellular E. piscicida recruits the host arginine importer (mCAT-1) and putrescine exporter (Oct-2) to bacterium-containing vacuoles, accompanied by reduced arginine and accumulated cytosolic spermine. Neutralizing E. piscicida-induced cytosolic spermine enhancement by spermine synthetase or extracellular spermine significantly alters NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, accumulated cytosolic spermine inhibits K+ efflux-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These data highlight the mechanism of bacterial gene-mediated arginine metabolism control for NLRP3 inflammasome evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China.
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53
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Ta A, Vanaja SK. Inflammasome activation and evasion by bacterial pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 68:125-133. [PMID: 33338767 PMCID: PMC7925435 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune system plays an essential role in combating infectious diseases by recognizing invading pathogens and activating host defense response. Inflammasomes complexes are a central component of the cytosolic innate immune surveillance and are vital in host defense against bacterial pathogens. Bacterial products or pathogen-induced modifications in the intracellular environment are sensed by the inflammasome receptors that form complexes that serve as a platform for caspase-1-dependent or caspase-11-dependent induction of pyroptosis and secretion of cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18. However, several pathogenic bacteria have developed strategies to evade inflammasome activation. This review highlights the recent advances in the mechanism of inflammasome activation by bacterial pathogens and some of the bacterial evasion strategies of inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atri Ta
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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54
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Morimoto N, Okamura Y, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. Characterization and expression analysis of tandemly-replicated asc genes in the Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:103894. [PMID: 33080274 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ASC is a component of the inflammasome playing crucial roles in the inflammatory response. In mammals, ASC induces pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokine production. In this study, three asc genes (asc1, asc2, and asc3) from the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were identified and characterized. These asc genes were tandem replicates on chromosome 16, and their exon-intron structures differed between them. All three ASCs conserved the pyrin and caspase-recruitment domains, which are important for inflammasome formation. In phylogenetic analysis, all ASCs clustered with those of other teleosts. The asc1 expression levels were significantly higher in several organs than those of asc2 and asc3, suggesting that asc1 may act as a dominant asc in the Japanese medaka. Expression of the three asc genes showed different patterns during Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella piscicida infections. Furthermore, their expression was adequately down-regulated in the medaka fin-derived cells stimulated with ATP for 12 h, while asc2 expression was statistically up-regulated after nigericin stimulation for 24 h. Moreover, the expression of asc2 and asc3 was significantly higher in the skin of ASC-1-knockout medaka than in that of the wild type medaka during A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Morimoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yo Okamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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55
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Song L, Pan J, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Cui R, Jia S, Wang Z, Yang C, Xu L, Dong TG, Wang Y, Shen X. Contact-independent killing mediated by a T6SS effector with intrinsic cell-entry properties. Nat Commun 2021; 12:423. [PMID: 33462232 PMCID: PMC7813860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) inject toxic effectors into adjacent eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It is generally thought that this process requires physical contact between the two cells. Here, we provide evidence of contact-independent killing by a T6SS-secreted effector. We show that the pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis uses a T6SS (T6SS-3) to secrete a nuclease effector that kills other bacteria in vitro and facilitates gut colonization in mice. The effector (Tce1) is a small protein that acts as a Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent DNase, and its toxicity is inhibited by a cognate immunity protein, Tci1. As expected, T6SS-3 mediates canonical, contact-dependent killing by directly injecting Tce1 into adjacent cells. In addition, T6SS-3 also mediates killing of neighboring cells in the absence of cell-to-cell contact, by secreting Tce1 into the extracellular milieu. Efficient contact-independent entry of Tce1 into target cells requires proteins OmpF and BtuB in the outer membrane of target cells. The discovery of a contact-independent, long-range T6SS toxin delivery provides a new perspective for understanding the physiological roles of T6SS in competition. However, the mechanisms mediating contact-independent uptake of Tce1 by target cells remain unclear. Bacteria can use type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to inject toxic effector proteins into adjacent cells, in a contact-dependent manner. Here, the authors provide evidence of contact-independent killing by a T6SS effector that is secreted into the extracellular milieu and then taken up by other bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junfeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuangkai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao G Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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56
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Trainor JE, KR P, Mortimer NT. Immune Cell Production Is Targeted by Parasitoid Wasp Virulence in a Drosophila-Parasitoid Wasp Interaction. Pathogens 2021; 10:49. [PMID: 33429864 PMCID: PMC7826891 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between Drosophila melanogaster and the parasitoid wasps that infect Drosophila species provide an important model for understanding host-parasite relationships. Following parasitoid infection, D. melanogaster larvae mount a response in which immune cells (hemocytes) form a capsule around the wasp egg, which then melanizes, leading to death of the parasitoid. Previous studies have found that host hemocyte load; the number of hemocytes available for the encapsulation response; and the production of lamellocytes, an infection induced hemocyte type, are major determinants of host resistance. Parasitoids have evolved various virulence mechanisms to overcome the immune response of the D. melanogaster host, including both active immune suppression by venom proteins and passive immune evasive mechanisms. We identified a previously undescribed parasitoid species, Asobara sp. AsDen, which utilizes an active virulence mechanism to infect D. melanogaster hosts. Asobara sp. AsDen infection inhibits host hemocyte expression of msn, a member of the JNK signaling pathway, which plays a role in lamellocyte production. Asobara sp. AsDen infection restricts the production of lamellocytes as assayed by hemocyte cell morphology and altered msn expression. Our findings suggest that Asobara sp. AsDen infection alters host signaling to suppress immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan T. Mortimer
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA; (J.E.T.); (P.K.)
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57
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T6SS Mediated Stress Responses for Bacterial Environmental Survival and Host Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020478. [PMID: 33418898 PMCID: PMC7825059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a protein secretion apparatus widely distributed in Gram-negative bacterial species. Many bacterial pathogens employ T6SS to compete with the host and to coordinate the invasion process. The T6SS apparatus consists of a membrane complex and an inner tail tube-like structure that is surrounded by a contractile sheath and capped with a spike complex. A series of antibacterial or antieukaryotic effectors is delivered by the puncturing device consisting of a Hcp tube decorated by the VgrG/PAAR complex into the target following the contraction of the TssB/C sheath, which often leads to damage and death of the competitor and/or host cells. As a tool for protein secretion and interspecies interactions, T6SS can be triggered by many different mechanisms to respond to various physiological conditions. This review summarizes our current knowledge of T6SS in coordinating bacterial stress responses against the unfavorable environmental and host conditions.
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58
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Ding W, Ding Z, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Gao Q, Cao W, Du R. Evodiamine Attenuates Experimental Colitis Injury Via Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:573870. [PMID: 33240089 PMCID: PMC7681073 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.573870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome were associated with the process of colitis. Drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy to treat colitis are absent, and they are urgently required. Herein, we examine the effect of evodiamine, extracted from the fruit of Evodiae Fructus, on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium and exposit whether evodiamine effects on autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome. Our data indicated that colitis was ameliorated by evodiamine, including the improvement of mice body weight, colon length, histopathologic score, and the disease activity index. We also observed that evodiamine restrained the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein oligomerization and caspase-1 activity in THP-1 macrophages. Our results demonstrated evodiamine inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the induction of autophagosome-mediated degradation of inflammasome and the inhibition of NFκB pathway, which synergistically contribute to the effect of evodiamine in colitis. It indicates the potential use of evodiamine in inflammatory bowel diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiquan Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ronghui Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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59
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Liu L, Song L, Deng R, Lan R, Jin W, Tran Van Nhieu G, Cao H, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Li X, Meng G, Ren Z. Citrobacter freundii Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome via the Type VI Secretion System. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:2174-2185. [PMID: 33151309 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii is a significant cause of human infections, responsible for food poisoning, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections. We previously identified a highly cytotoxic and adhesive C. freundii strain CF74 expressing a type VI secretion system (T6SS). In this study, we showed that in mice-derived macrophages, C. freundii CF74 activated the Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain -Like Receptor Family, Pyrin Domain Containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasomes in a T6SS-dependent manner. The C. freundii T6SS activated the inflammasomes mainly through caspase 1 and mediated pyroptosis of macrophages by releasing the cleaved gasdermin-N domain. The CF74 T6SS was required for flagellin-induced interleukin 1β release by macrophages. We further show that the T6SS tail component and effector, hemolysin co-regulation protein-2 (Hcp-2), was necessary and sufficient to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vivo, the T6SS played a key role in mediating interleukin 1β secretion and the survival of mice during C. freundii infection in mice. These findings provide novel insights into the role of T6SS in the pathogenesis of C. freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Deng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wenjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Calcium Signaling and Microbial Infections, Inserm U1282, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Huifang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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60
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Monjarás Feria J, Valvano MA. An Overview of Anti-Eukaryotic T6SS Effectors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:584751. [PMID: 33194822 PMCID: PMC7641602 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.584751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a transmembrane multiprotein nanomachine employed by many Gram-negative bacterial species to translocate, in a contact-dependent manner, effector proteins into adjacent prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Typically, the T6SS gene cluster encodes at least 13 conserved core components for the apparatus assembly and other less conserved accessory proteins and effectors. It functions as a contractile tail machine comprising a TssB/C sheath and an expelled puncturing device consisting of an Hcp tube topped by a spike complex of VgrG and PAAR proteins. Contraction of the sheath propels the tube out of the bacterial cell into a target cell and leads to the injection of toxic proteins. Different bacteria use the T6SS for specific roles according to the niche and versatility of the organism. Effectors are present both as cargo (by non-covalent interactions with one of the core components) or specialized domains (fused to structural components). Although several anti-prokaryotic effectors T6SSs have been studied, recent studies have led to a substantial increase in the number of characterized anti-eukaryotic effectors. Against eukaryotic cells, the T6SS is involved in modifying and manipulating diverse cellular processes that allows bacteria to colonize, survive and disseminate, including adhesion modification, stimulating internalization, cytoskeletal rearrangements and evasion of host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Valvano
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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61
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Wood TE, Aksoy E, Hachani A. From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:587948. [PMID: 33194832 PMCID: PMC7604300 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The health of mammals depends on a complex interplay with their microbial ecosystems. Compartments exposed to external environments such as the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract accommodate the gut microbiota, composed by a wide range of bacteria. The gut microbiome confers benefits to the host, including expansion of metabolic potential and the development of an immune system that can robustly protect from external and internal insults. The cooperation between gut microbiome and host is enabled in part by the formation of partitioned niches that harbor diverse bacterial phyla. Bacterial secretion systems are commonly employed to manipulate the composition of these local environments. Here, we explore the roles of the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS), present in ~25% of gram-negative bacteria, including many symbionts, in the establishment and perturbation of bacterial commensalism, and symbiosis in host mucosal sites. This versatile apparatus drives bacterial competition, although in some cases can also interfere directly with host cells and facilitate nutrient acquisition. In addition, some bacterial pathogens cause disease when their T6SS leads to dysbiosis and subverts host immune responses in defined animal models. This review explores our knowledge of the T6SS in the context of the “host-microbiota-pathogen” triumvirate and examines contexts in which the importance of this secretion system may be underappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Wood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Morimoto N, Okamura Y, Maekawa S, Wang HC, Aoki T, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. ASC-deficiency impairs host defense against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:427-437. [PMID: 32712229 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) is a component of inflammasome, which plays crucial roles in the inflammatory response. In mammals, ASC regulates caspase-1 activation, thereby inducing pyroptosis and producing activated inflammatory cytokines. In addition, ASC also interacts with receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) and induces nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. However, the role of ASC remains poorly understood in fish. In this study, we focused on elucidating the role of ASC in fish that were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as fish model, and ASC-knockout (KO) medaka was established using CRISPR-Cas9 system. ASC-KO and wild type (WT) medakas were infected with A. hydrophila, and mortality was observed. ASC-KO medaka demonstrated higher mortality than WT. Moreover, the expression of immune-related genes in the kidney and intestine of the ASC-KO and WT medakas challenged with A. hydrophila were analyzed. Following A. hydrophila infection, the kidney of ASC-KO medaka exhibited significantly lower expression of NF-κB regulated genes (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and RIPK2 gene than in WT kidney. Moreover, to investigate the immune response against A. hydrophila via ASC in the medaka, bacterial burden, superoxide anion production, and lactate dehydrogenase release in the kidney cells of ASC-KO medaka were measured. After infection, these responses in ASC-KO medaka were significantly decreased compared to those in WT. These results suggest that the medaka ASC plays a critical role against A. hydrophila infection by inducing inflammatory responses and cell death for bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Morimoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yo Okamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shun Maekawa
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Takashi Aoki
- Integrated Institute for Regulatory Science, Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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63
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Wood TE, Howard SA, Förster A, Nolan LM, Manoli E, Bullen NP, Yau HCL, Hachani A, Hayward RD, Whitney JC, Vollmer W, Freemont PS, Filloux A. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa T6SS Delivers a Periplasmic Toxin that Disrupts Bacterial Cell Morphology. Cell Rep 2020; 29:187-201.e7. [PMID: 31577948 PMCID: PMC6899460 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is crucial in interbacterial competition and is a virulence determinant of many Gram-negative bacteria. Several T6SS effectors are covalently fused to secreted T6SS structural components such as the VgrG spike for delivery into target cells. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the VgrG2b effector was previously proposed to mediate bacterial internalization into eukaryotic cells. In this work, we find that the VgrG2b C-terminal domain (VgrG2bC-ter) elicits toxicity in the bacterial periplasm, counteracted by a cognate immunity protein. We resolve the structure of VgrG2bC-ter and confirm it is a member of the zinc-metallopeptidase family of enzymes. We show that this effector causes membrane blebbing at midcell, which suggests a distinct type of T6SS-mediated growth inhibition through interference with cell division, mimicking the impact of β-lactam antibiotics. Our study introduces a further effector family to the T6SS arsenal and demonstrates that VgrG2b can target both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The structure of the VgrG2b C-terminal domain presents a metallopeptidase fold VgrG2b exerts antibacterial activity in the periplasmic space Toxicity of VgrG2b is counteracted by a cognate periplasmic immunity protein VgrG2bC-ter-intoxicated prey cells bleb at the midcell and lyse
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Wood
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophie A Howard
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andreas Förster
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laura M Nolan
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eleni Manoli
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nathan P Bullen
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Hamish C L Yau
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard D Hayward
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - John C Whitney
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Paul S Freemont
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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64
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Chen H, Ding S, Tan J, Yang D, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Characterization of the Japanese flounder NLRP3 inflammasome in restricting Edwardsiella piscicida colonization in vivo. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:169-180. [PMID: 32387560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the most well-known inflammasomes in mammals, which plays critical roles in innate immunity. However, knowledge about this inflammasome in non-mammalian species, especially in teleost fish, remains rarely known. Herein, we established an Edwardsiella piscicida-head-kidney macrophages (HKMs) infection model in Japanese flounder, and found a robust caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. To characterize the upstream receptor, we established a bioinformatic screening analysis, and found an NLRP3 homolog (JfNLRP3) from Japanese flounder, which shares an overall conservative structure architecture to human NLRP3. Moreover, the JfNLRP3 can assemble JfASC through PYD-PYD domain interaction and trigger JfCaspase-1 activation and JfIL-1β maturation. Meanwhile, the classical inflammasome activation stimulators, including nigericin, ATP or MSU, can trigger the JfCaspase-1 activation and JfIL-1β maturation in Japanese flounder HKMs. During intraperitoneal infection of E. piscicida in Japanese flounder, we found a dynamic up-regulated transcription of JfNLRP3 and JfCaspase-1 in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of either JfNLRP3 or JfCaspase-1 reduces the serum JfIL-1β level, and promotes the bacterial colonization in systemic immune organs at 2 day-post infection, while overexpression of JfNLRP3 or JfCaspase-1 hampers the bacterial colonization in these organs of Japanese flounder. Taken together, our results identified the NLRP3 inflammasome paradigm in Japanese flounder, which not only providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms of teleost NLRP3 inflammasome and revealing its role in restricting bacterial infection in vivo, but also shedding light on the evolutionary of NLRP3 inflammasome in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shuangfei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jinchao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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65
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Guo Y, Gu D, Huang T, Cao L, Zhu X, Zhou Y, Wang K, Kang X, Meng C, Jiao X, Pan Z. Essential role of Salmonella Enteritidis DNA adenine methylase in modulating inflammasome activation. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:226. [PMID: 32723297 PMCID: PMC7389876 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is one of the major foodborne zoonotic pathogens of worldwide importance which can induce activation of NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes during infection. Given that the inflammasomes play an essential role in resisting bacterial infection, Salmonella has evolved various strategies to regulate activation of the inflammasome, most of which largely remain unclear. Results A transposon mutant library in SE strain C50336 was screened for the identification of the potential factors that regulate inflammasome activation. We found that T3SS-associated genes invC, prgH, and spaN were required for inflammasome activation in vitro. Interestingly, C50336 strains with deletion or overexpression of Dam were both defective in activation of caspase-1, secretion of IL-1β and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk). Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed that most of the differentially expressed genes and enriched KEGG pathways between the C50336-VS-C50336Δdam and C50336-VS-C50336::dam groups overlapped, which includes multiple signaling pathways related to the inflammasome. C50336Δdam and C50336::dam were both found to be defective in suppressing the expression of several anti-inflammasome factors. Moreover, overexpression of Dam in macrophages by lentiviral infection could specifically enhance the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome independently via promoting the Jnk pathway. Conclusions These data indicated that Dam was essential for modulating inflammasome activation during SE infection, there were complex and dynamic interplays between Dam and the inflammasome under different conditions. New insights were provided about the battle between SE and host innate immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangru Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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66
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Hernandez RE, Gallegos‐Monterrosa R, Coulthurst SJ. Type
VI
secretion system effector proteins: Effective weapons for bacterial competitiveness. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13241. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Hernandez
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee Dundee UK
| | | | - Sarah J. Coulthurst
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee Dundee UK
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In vitro Edwardsiella piscicida CK108 Transcriptome Profiles with Subinhibitory Concentrations of Phenol and Formalin Reveal New Insights into Bacterial Pathogenesis Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071068. [PMID: 32709101 PMCID: PMC7409036 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol and formalin are major water pollutants that are frequently discharged into the aquatic milieu. These chemicals can affect broad domains of life, including microorganisms. Aquatic pollutants, unlike terrestrial pollutants, are easily diluted in water environments and exist at a sub-inhibitory concentration (sub-IC), thus not directly inhibiting bacterial growth. However, they can modulate gene expression profiles. The sub-IC values of phenol and formalin were measured by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay to be 0.146% (1.3 mM) and 0.0039% (0.38 mM), respectively, in Edwardsiella piscicida CK108, a Gram-negative fish pathogen. We investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEG) by RNA-seq when the cells were exposed to the sub-ICs of phenol and formalin. DEG analyses revealed that genes involved in major virulence factors (type I fimbriae, flagella, type III and type VI secretion system) and various cellular pathways (energy production, amino acid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and two-component regulatory systems) were up- or downregulated by both chemicals. The genome-wide gene expression data corresponded to the results of a quantitative reverse complementary-PCR and motility assay. This study not only provides insight into how a representative fish pathogen, E. piscicida CK108, responds to the sub-ICs of phenol and formalin but also shows the importance of controlling chemical pollutants in aquatic environments.
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68
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Yin K, Zhang J, Ma J, Jin P, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang Q. MviN mediates the regulation of environmental osmotic pressure on esrB to control the virulence in the marine fish pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida. Microbiol Res 2020; 239:126528. [PMID: 32622286 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is a notorious pathogen infecting diverse kinds of fish and causes substantial economic losses in the global aquaculture industries. The EsrA-EsrB two-component system plays a critical role in the regulation of virulence genes expression, including type III and type VI secretion systems (T3/T6SSs). In this study, the putative regulators of esrB were screened by the transposon insertion sequencing (TIS) technology. As a result, MviN, a lipid II flippase, was identified as a modulator to upregulate esrB and downstream T3/T6SS gene expression in the earlier growth phases while downregulate esrB at the later stages. Complement or overexpression of the mviN restored the esrB as well as T3/T6SS expression in the ΔmviN mutant strain. Moreover, MviN also mediated the regulation of environmental osmotic pressure on the expression of esrB. MviN was also found to significantly influence the in vivo colonization of E. piscicida in turbot. Collectively, this study enhanced our understanding of pathogenesis and virulence regulatory network of E. piscicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiabao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China.
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69
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Zhang W, Mi Y, Jiao K, Xu J, Guo T, Zhou D, Zhang X, Ni H, Sun Y, Wei K, Li N, Hou Y. Kellerin alleviates cognitive impairment in mice after ischemic stroke by multiple mechanisms. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2258-2274. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
| | - Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
| | - Kun Jiao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
| | - Jikai Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
| | - Tingting Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Hui Ni
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug Urumqi China
| | - Yu Sun
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug Urumqi China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
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Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is an Enterobacteriaceae that is abundant in water and causes food and waterborne infections in fish, animals, and humans. The bacterium causes Edwardsiellosis in farmed fish and can lead to severe economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. E. piscicida is an intracellular pathogen that can also cause systemic infection. Type III and type VI secretion systems are the bacterium’s most lethal weapons against host defenses. It also possesses multi-antibiotic resistant genes and is selected and enriched in the environment due to the overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, the bacterium has great potential to contribute to the evolution of the resistome. All these properties have made this bacterium a perfect model to study bacteria virulence mechanisms and the spread of antimicrobial genes in the environment. We summarize recent advance in E. piscicida biology and provide insights into future research in virulence mechanisms, vaccine development and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yin Leung
- a Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Shantou , Guangdong , China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- b State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,c Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,d Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- a Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Shantou , Guangdong , China
| | - Bupe A Siame
- e Department of Biology , Trinity Western University , Langley , BC , Canada
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Hu Y, Huang J, Li Y, Jiang L, Ouyang Y, Li Y, Yang L, Zhao X, Huang L, Xiang H, Chen J, Zeng Q. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide induces melanogenesis in melanocytes and reduces oxidative stress via activating NRF2/HO-1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4023-4035. [PMID: 32096914 PMCID: PMC7171403 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main part of pigmentation disorders, skin depigmentation diseases such as vitiligo and achromic naevus are very common and get more attention now. The pathogenesis of depigmentation includes melanocyte dysfunction and loss, which are possibly caused by heredity, autoimmunity and oxidative stress. Among them, oxidative stress plays a key role; however, few clinical treatments can deal with oxidative stress. As reported, Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP) is an effective antioxidant; based on that, we evaluated its role in melanocyte and further revealed the mechanisms. In this study, we found that CDP could promote melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs) and mouse melanoma B16F10 cells, it also induced pigmentation in zebrafish. Furthermore, CDP could activate mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway, then up‐regulated the expression of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) and downstream genes TYR, TRP1, TRP2 and RAB27A. Otherwise, we found that CDP could attenuate H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in melanocytes. Further evidence revealed that CDP could enhance NRF2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway and scavenge intracellular ROS. In summary, CDP can promote melanogenesis and prevent melanocytes from oxidative stress injury, suggesting that CDP helps maintain the normal status of melanocytes. Thus, CDP may be a novel drug for the treatment of depigmentation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixiao Li
- Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Medicine Experimental Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Medicine Experimental Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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72
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Qin L, Wang X, Gao Y, Bi K, Wang W. Roles of EvpP in Edwardsiella piscicida-Macrophage Interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:53. [PMID: 32117819 PMCID: PMC7033576 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is found to be an important facultative intracellular pathogen with a broad host range. These organisms can replicate and survive within host macrophages to escape from the subversion of the immune defense. E. piscicida-macrophage interaction is very important in determining the outcome of edwardsiellasis. As an effector protein of E. piscicida T6SS, EvpP has been determined to be a very important virulence factor for E. piscicida, although its precise role in E. piscicida-macrophage interactions is not yet clear. In this study, the roles of EvpP in E. piscicida-macrophage interactions were characterized. Here, we constructed the deletion mutants of evpP (ΔevpP) and complementation (ΔevpP-C) by the allelic exchange method. Compared to wild type strain (WT), ΔevpP was found to be attenuated for growth within macrophages. In line with this observation, we found its survival capacity was lower than WT under oxidative and acid stress in vitro, which simulate conditions encountered in host macrophages. Attenuation of ΔevpP also correlated with enhanced activation of macrophages, as reflected by augmented NO production in ΔevpP-treated macrophages. Moreover, compared to WT, ΔevpP induced markedly increased apoptosis of macrophages, characterized by increased Annexin V binding and the activation of cleaved caspase-3. These findings provided strong evidence that EvpP is involved in the process of E. piscicida-macrophage interactions and is required for its survival and replication in macrophages. Thus, we propose that EvpP might be an important factor that controlling the fate of E. piscicida inside macrophages. To further exploring the underlying mechanism of EvpP action, the cDNA library was constructed from E. piscicida-infected macrophages and a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed to search for cellular proteins interacting with EvpP. Ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5) was identified as a target of EvpP. Furthermore, the interaction was validated with co-immunoprecipitation assay. This result implies that the observed effect of EvpP on macrophages might be related to RPS5-mediated regulation, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms of EvpP involved in E. piscicida-macrophage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xingqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yingli Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Keran Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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73
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Kalindamar S, Kordon AO, Abdelhamed H, Tan W, Pinchuk LM, Karsi A. Edwardsiella ictaluri evpP is required for colonisation of channel catfish ovary cells and necrosis in anterior kidney macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2019; 22:e13135. [PMID: 31742869 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that can survive inside channel catfish phagocytes. E. ictaluri can orchestrate Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) for survival in catfish macrophages. evpP encodes one of the T6SS translocated effector proteins. However, the role of evpP in E. ictaluri is still unexplored. In this work, we constructed an E. ictaluri evpP mutant (EiΔevpP) and assessed its survival under complement and oxidative stress. Persistence of EiΔevpP in catfish as well as attachment and invasion in catfish macrophage and ovary cells were determined. Further, virulence of EiΔevpP in catfish and apoptosis it caused in macrophages were explored. EiΔevpP behaved same as wild type (EiWT) under complement and oxidative stress in complex media, whereas oxidative stress affected mutant's survival significantly in minimal media (p < .05). Persistence of EiΔevpP in live catfish and uptake and survival inside peritoneal macrophages were similar. The attachment and invasion capabilities of EiΔevpP in catfish ovary cells were significantly less than that of EiWT (p < .05). Although EiΔevpP showed reduced attenuation in catfish, causing decreased catfish mortality compared with EiWT (44.73% vs. 67.53%), this difference was not significant. The apoptosis assay using anterior kidney macrophages indicated that the number of live macrophages exposed to EiΔevpP was significantly higher compared with EiWT exposed macrophages at 24-hr post-treatment (p < .05). However, there were no significant differences in the early and late apoptosis. Remarkably, necrosis in EiΔevpP exposed macrophages was significantly less than that of EiWT exposed macrophages at 24 hr (p < .05). Our results demonstrated that evpP is required for colonisation of catfish ovary cells and increased apoptosis and necrosis in anterior kidney macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Kalindamar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Adef O Kordon
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Lesya M Pinchuk
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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74
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Yu ZW, Zhang J, Li X, Wang Y, Fu YH, Gao XY. A new research hot spot: The role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a key step in pyroptosis, in diabetes and diabetic complications. Life Sci 2019; 240:117138. [PMID: 31809715 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of cell death mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD); it is characterised by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase activation, cell membrane pore formation, and the release of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a central role in pyroptosis. Recent research has suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. This finding provided the impetus for us to clarify the significance of pyroptosis in diabetes. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in pyroptosis, as well as recent advances in the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the development of diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu-Hong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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75
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Luo J, Wang X, Jiang X, Liu C, Li Y, Han X, Zuo X, Li Y, Li N, Xu Y, Si S. Rutaecarpine derivative R3 attenuates atherosclerosis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-related inflammation and modulating cholesterol transport. FASEB J 2019; 34:1398-1411. [PMID: 31914630 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900903rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid deposition and inflammatory response. NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-facilitated inflammatory responses are crucial in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and thus new therapeutic approaches are emerging that target NLRP3 and inflammation. Here, we explored the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanisms of a new rutaecarpine derivative, 5-deoxy-rutaecarpine (R3) in vitro and in vivo. R3 treatment attenuated atherosclerosis development and increased plaque stability in Apoe-/- mice fed a high-fat diet, and decreased levels of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β, in the serum of Apoe-/- mice and in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated murine macrophages. R3 treatment inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the livers of Apoe-/- mice and ox-LDL-stimulated murine macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Additionally, R3 significantly decreased total cholesterol in the serum and livers of Apoe-/- mice and promoted cholesterol efflux in murine macrophages through upregulating protein expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 and scavenger receptor class B type I/human CD36 and lysosomal integral membrane protein-II analogous-1. Our results demonstrated that R3 prevented atherosclerotic progression via attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome-related inflammation and modulating cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinque Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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76
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Chen S, Ma X, Wu D, Yang D, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Scophthalmus maximus interleukin-1β limits Edwardsiella piscicida colonization in vivo. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:277-286. [PMID: 31669781 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukine-1β (IL-1β) is the first identified pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is cleaved by caspase-1 following the inflammasomes activation, playing critical roles in innate immunity. However, few studies have been performed to characterize the IL-1β in lower vertebrates. Herein, we distinguished the Scophthalmus maximus IL-1β (SmIL-1β) from three IL-1β like sequences and found that SmIL-1β was cleaved by S. maximus caspase at a non-conserved Asp86, then targeted to the plasma membrane. Moreover, during the immersion infection of Edwardsiella piscicida, we found that E. piscicida were mainly colonized in gills at early time points and invaded to systemic sites after 5 days post infection, which was consistent with the dynamic up-regulated transcription of SmIL-1β. Furthermore, knockdown of SmIL-1β promotes the bacterial colonization in gills at early time points and result into systemic colonization, while overexpression of SmIL-1β hampers the bacterial colonization in both spleen and kidney. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of SmIL-1β and reveal its role in limiting bacterial infection in vivo, which will support the idea for better understanding the evolutionary of IL-1β functions in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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77
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A Comparative Analysis of Edwardsiella tarda-Induced Transcriptome Profiles in RAW264.7 Cells Reveals New Insights into the Strategy of Bacterial Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225724. [PMID: 31731575 PMCID: PMC6888325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen with a broad host range, including fish, reptiles, and mammals. One prominent virulence feature of E. tarda is its ability to survive and replicate in host phagocytes, but the relevant molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the transcriptome profiles of RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, infected with live E. tarda or stimulated with dead E. tarda for 4 h and 8 h. Eighteen libraries were constructed, and an average of 69 million clean reads per library were obtained, with ~81.63% of the reads being successfully mapped to the reference genome. In total, 208 and 232 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between live and dead E. tarda-treated cells at 4 h and 8 h post-infection, respectively. The DEGs were markedly enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with immunity. Live E. tarda differed strikingly from dead E. tarda in the regulation of immune related genes. Compared with dead E. tarda-treated cells, live E. tarda-treated cells exhibited marked and significant suppression in the induction of a large amount of immune genes, including RIG-I-like receptors, cytokines, and interferon-related genes. Furthermore, some of the immune genes highly regulated by live E. tarda formed complicated interaction networks with each other. Together, the results of this study revealed a transcriptome profile specifically induced by the active virulence elements of live E. tarda during the infection process, thus adding new insights into the intracellular infection mechanism of E. tarda. This study also provided a valuable set of target genes for further study of the immune evasion strategy of E. tarda.
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78
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Barrios-Villa E, Martínez de la Peña CF, Lozano-Zaraín P, Cevallos MA, Torres C, Torres AG, Rocha-Gracia RDC. Comparative genomics of a subset of Adherent/Invasive Escherichia coli strains isolated from individuals without inflammatory bowel disease. Genomics 2019; 112:1813-1820. [PMID: 31689478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increased evidence demonstrating the association between Crohn's Disease (CD), a type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and non-diarrheagenic Adherent/Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) isolates. AIEC strains are phenotypically characterized by their adhesion, invasion and intra-macrophage survival capabilities. In the present study, the genomes of five AIEC strains isolated from individuals without IBD (four from healthy donors and one from peritoneal liquid) were sequenced and compared with AIEC prototype strains (LF82 and NRG857c), and with extra-intestinal uropathogenic strain (UPEC CFT073). Non-IBD-AIEC strains showed an Average Nucleotide Identity up to 98% compared with control strains. Blast identities of the five non-IBD-AIEC strains were higher when compared to AIEC and UPEC reference strains than with another E. coli pathotypes, suggesting a relationship between them. The SNPs phylogeny grouped the five non-IBD-AIEC strains in one separated cluster, which indicates the emergence of these strains apart from the AIEC group. Additionally, four genomic islands not previously reported in AIEC strains were identified. An incomplete Type VI secretion system was found in non-IBD-AIEC strains; however, the Type II secretion system was complete. Several groups of genes reported in AIEC strains were searched in the five non-IBD-AIEC strains, and the presence of fimA, fliC, fuhD, chuA, irp2 and cvaC were confirmed. Other virulence factors were detected in non-IBD-AIEC strains, which were absent in AIEC reference strains, including EhaG, non-fimbrial adhesin 1, PapG, F17D-G, YehA/D, FeuC, IucD, CbtA, VgrG-1, Cnf1 and HlyE. Based on the differences in virulence determinants and SNPs, it is plausible to suggest that non-IBD AIEC strains belong to a different pathotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Barrios-Villa
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Martínez de la Peña
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Enteropatógenos, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Patricia Lozano-Zaraín
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Cevallos
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Alfredo G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rosa Del Carmen Rocha-Gracia
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Hospitalaria y de la Comunidad, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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79
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Lewis JM, Deveson Lucas D, Harper M, Boyce JD. Systematic Identification and Analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii Type VI Secretion System Effector and Immunity Components. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2440. [PMID: 31736890 PMCID: PMC6833914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacteria use a type VI secretion system (T6SS) for microbial warfare and/or host manipulation. Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen and many A. baumannii strains utilize a T6SS to deliver toxic effector proteins to surrounding bacterial cells. These toxic effectors are usually delivered together with VgrG proteins, which form part of the T6SS tip complex. All previously identified A. baumannii T6SS effectors are encoded within a three- or four-gene locus that also encodes a cognate VgrG and immunity protein, and sometimes a chaperone. In order to characterize the diversity and distribution of T6SS effectors and immunity proteins in this species, we first identified all vgrG genes in 97 A. baumannii strains via the presence of the highly conserved VgrG domain. Most strains encoded between two and four different VgrG proteins. We then analyzed the regions downstream of the identified vgrG genes and identified more than 240 putative effectors. The presence of conserved domains in these effectors suggested a range of functions, including peptidoglycan hydrolases, lipases, nucleases, and nucleic acid deaminases. However, 10 of the effector groups had no functionally characterized domains. Phylogenetic analysis of these putative effectors revealed that they clustered into 32 distinct groups that appear to have been acquired from a diverse set of ancestors. Corresponding immunity proteins were identified for all but two of the effector groups. Effectors from eight of the 32 groups contained N-terminal rearrangement hotspot (RHS) domains. The C-terminal regions of these RHS proteins, which are predicted to confer the toxic effector function, were very diverse, but the N-terminal RHS domains clustered into just two groups. While the majority of A. baumannii strains contained an RHS type effector, no strains encoded two RHS effectors with similar N-terminal sequences, suggesting that the presence of similar N-terminal RHS domains leads to competitive exclusion. Together, these analyses define the extreme diversity of T6SS effectors within A. baumannii and, as many have unknown functions, future detailed characterization of these effectors may lead to the identification of proteins with novel antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Lewis
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Deanna Deveson Lucas
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Harper
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Boyce
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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80
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Wei L, Qiao H, Sit B, Yin K, Yang G, Ma R, Ma J, Yang C, Yao J, Ma Y, Xiao J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Waldor MK, Wang Q. A Bacterial Pathogen Senses Host Mannose to Coordinate Virulence. iScience 2019; 20:310-323. [PMID: 31605945 PMCID: PMC6817725 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are thought to activate expression of virulence genes upon detection of host-associated cues, but identification of the nature of such signals has proved difficult. We generated a genome-scale defined transposon mutant library in Edwardsiella piscicida, an important fish pathogen, to quantify the fitness of insertion mutants for intracellular growth in macrophages and in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). These screens identified EvrA, a transcription activator that induces expression of esrB, a key virulence regulator. EvrA is directly bound and activated by mannose-6-phosphate (man-6P) derived from actively imported mannose. Mutants lacking EvrA or expressing an EvrA unable to bind man-6P were similarly attenuated in turbot. Exogenously added mannose promoted E. piscicida virulence, and high levels of mannose were detected in fish tissue. Together, these observations reveal that binding of a host-derived sugar to a transcription factor can facilitate pathogen sensing of the host environment and trigger virulence programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haoxian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Brandon Sit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaiyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guanhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiabao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingfan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Yin K, Peng Y, Ahmed MAH, Ma J, Xu R, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang Q. PepA binds to and negatively regulates esrB to control virulence in the fish pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida. Microbiol Res 2019; 232:126349. [PMID: 31816594 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As an important marine fish pathogen, Edwardsiella piscicida infects a broad range of fish species and causes substantial economic losses. The EsrA-EsrB two-component system is essential for the expression of type III and type VI secretion systems (T3/T6SSs), the key virulence determinants in the bacterium. In this study, a pull-down assay with the esrB promoter as bait was performed to identify the upstream regulators of esrB. As a result, PepA, a leucyl aminopeptidase, was identified as a repressor of EsrB and T3/T6SS expression. PepA bound to the esrB promoter region and negatively regulated the production of T3/T6SS proteins in early stages. Moreover, PepA was found to affect the in vivo colonization of E. piscicida in turbot livers through the regulation of EsrB expression. Collectively, our results enhance the understanding of the virulence regulatory network and in vivo colonization mechanism of E. piscicida. One sentence summary: PepA regulates EsrB expression in Edwardsiella piscicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Moamer A H Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiabao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rongjing Xu
- Yantai Tianyuan Aquatic Co. Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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82
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Hu T, Chen R, Zhang L, Wang Z, Yang D, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu Q. Balanced role of T3SS and T6SS in contribution to the full virulence of Edwardsiella piscicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:871-878. [PMID: 31400510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is an important pathogen that infects a wide range of hosts, from fish to human. Its infection leads to extensive losses in a diverse array of commercially important fish, like Japanese flounder, turbot, and tilapia. During the infection, type III secretion system (T3SS) and type VI secretion system (T6SS) of E. piscicida play significant roles, but how T3SS and T6SS cooperatively contribute to its virulence is still unknown. In this study, we first examined the roles of T3SS and T6SS in different processes during E. piscicida infection of host cells, and revealed that T3SS of E. piscicida is responsible for promoting bacterial invasion, the following intracellular replication and inducing cell death in host cells, while T6SS restrains E. piscicida intracellular replication and cell death in J774A.1 cells, which suggested that T3SS and T6SS antagonistically concert E. piscicida infection. Furthermore, we found an significant decrease in transcription level of IL-1β in zebrafish kidney infected with T3SS mutant and an drastically increase in transcription level of TNF- α infected with T6SS mutant when compared with the wild-type. Interestingly, both T3SS and T6SS mutants showed significant attenuated virulence in the zebrafish infection model when compared with the wild-type. Finally, considering the cooperative role of T3SS and T6SS, we generated a mutant strain WEDΔT6SS based on the existing live attenuated vaccine (LAV) WED which showed improved vaccine safety and comparable immune protection. Therefore, WEDΔT6SS could be used as an optimized LAV in the future. Taken together, this work suggested a bilateral role of T3SS and T6SS which respectively act as spear and shield during E. piscicida infection, together contribute to E. piscicida virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Bio-manufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Bio-manufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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83
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Tan J, Yang D, Wang Z, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Liu Q. EvpP inhibits neutrophils recruitment via Jnk-caspy inflammasome signaling in vivo. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:851-860. [PMID: 31129187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is regulated by phagocytic cells and is critical for host control of bacterial infection. In many bacteria, the type VI secretion system (T6SS) can affect bacterial virulence in certain environments, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying T6SS regulation of innate immune responses during infection in vivo. Here, we developed an infection model by microinjecting bacteria into the tail vein muscle of 3-day-post-fertilized zebrafish larvae, and found that both macrophages and neutrophils are essential for bacterial clearance. Further study revealed that EvpP plays a critical role in promoting the pathogenesis of Edwardsiella piscicida (E. piscicida) via inhibiting the phosphorylation of Jnk signaling to reduce the expression of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 8 (cxcl8a), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (mmp13) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in vivo. Subsequently, by utilizing Tg (mpo:eGFP+/+) zebrafish larvae for E. piscicida infection, we found that the EvpP-inhibited Jnk-caspy (caspase-1 homolog) inflammasome signaling axis significantly suppressed the recruitment of neutrophils to infection sites, and the caspy- or IL-1β-morpholino (MO) knockdown larvae were more susceptible to infection and failed to restrict bacterial colonization in vivo. taken together, this interaction improves our understanding about the complex and contextual role of a bacterial T6SS effector in modulating the action of neutrophils during infection, and offers new insights into the warfare between bacterial weapons and host immunological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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84
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Yang D, Liu X, Xu W, Gu Z, Yang C, Zhang L, Tan J, Zheng X, Wang Z, Quan S, Zhang Y, Liu Q. The Edwardsiella piscicida thioredoxin-like protein inhibits ASK1-MAPKs signaling cascades to promote pathogenesis during infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007917. [PMID: 31314784 PMCID: PMC6636751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important that bacterium can coordinately deliver several effectors into host cells to disturb the cellular progress during infection, however, the precise role of effectors in host cell cytosol remains to be resolved. In this study, we identified a new bacterial virulence effector from pathogenic Edwardsiella piscicida, which presents conserved crystal structure to thioredoxin family members and is defined as a thioredoxin-like protein (Trxlp). Unlike the classical bacterial thioredoxins, Trxlp can be translocated into host cells, mimicking endogenous thioredoxin to abrogate ASK1 homophilic interaction and phosphorylation, then suppressing the phosphorylation of downstream Erk1/2- and p38-MAPK signaling cascades. Moreover, Trxlp-mediated inhibition of ASK1-Erk/p38-MAPK axis promotes the pathogenesis of E. piscicida in zebrafish larvae infection model. Taken together, these data provide insights into the mechanism underlying the bacterial thioredoxin as a virulence effector in downmodulating the innate immune responses during E. piscicida infection. Thioredoxin (Trx) is universally conserved thiol-oxidoreductase that regulates numerous cellular pathways under thiol-based redox control in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Despite its central importance, the mechanism of bacterial Trx recognizes its target proteins in host cellular signaling remains unknown. Here, we uncover a bacterial thioredoxin-like protein that can be translocated into host cells and mimic the endogenous TRX1 to target ASK1-MAPK signaling, finally facilitating bacterial pathogenesis. This work expands our understanding of bacterial thioredoxins in manipulating host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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85
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Chen C, Yang X, Shen X. Confirmed and Potential Roles of Bacterial T6SSs in the Intestinal Ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1484. [PMID: 31316495 PMCID: PMC6611333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contact-dependent type VI secretion system (T6SS) in diverse microbes plays crucial roles in both inter-bacterial and bacteria-host interactions. As numerous microorganisms inhabit the intestinal ecosystem at a high density, it is necessary to consider the functions of T6SS in intestinal bacteria. In this mini-review, we discuss T6SS-dependent functions in intestinal microbes, including commensal microbes and enteric pathogens, and list experimentally verified species of intestinal bacteria containing T6SS clusters. Several seminal studies have shown that T6SS plays crucial antibacterial roles in colonization resistance, niche occupancy, activation of host innate immune responses, and modulation of host intestinal mechanics. Some potential roles of T6SS in the intestinal ecosystem, such as targeting of single cell eukaryotic competitors, competition for micronutrients, and stress resistance are also discussed. Considering the distinct activities of T6SS in diverse bacteria residing in the intestine, we suggest that T6SS research in intestinal microbes may be beneficial for the future development of new medicines and clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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86
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Species-specific mechanisms of cytotoxicity toward immune cells determine the successful outcome of Vibrio infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14238-14247. [PMID: 31221761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905747116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species cause infectious diseases in humans and animals, but they can also live as commensals within their host tissues. How Vibrio subverts the host defenses to mount a successful infection remains poorly understood, and this knowledge is critical for predicting and managing disease. Here, we have investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning infection and colonization of 2 virulent Vibrio species in an ecologically relevant host model, oyster, to study interactions with marine Vibrio species. All Vibrio strains were recognized by the immune system, but only nonvirulent strains were controlled. We showed that virulent strains were cytotoxic to hemocytes, oyster immune cells. By analyzing host and bacterial transcriptional responses to infection, together with Vibrio gene knock-outs, we discovered that Vibrio crassostreae and Vibrio tasmaniensis use distinct mechanisms to cause hemocyte lysis. Whereas V. crassostreae cytotoxicity is dependent on a direct contact with hemocytes and requires an ancestral gene encoding a protein of unknown function, r5.7, V. tasmaniensis cytotoxicity is dependent on phagocytosis and requires intracellular secretion of T6SS effectors. We conclude that proliferation of commensal vibrios is controlled by the host immune system, preventing systemic infections in oysters, whereas the successful infection of virulent strains relies on Vibrio species-specific molecular determinants that converge to compromise host immune cell function, allowing evasion of the host immune system.
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87
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Brewer SM, Brubaker SW, Monack DM. Host inflammasome defense mechanisms and bacterial pathogen evasion strategies. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:63-70. [PMID: 31174046 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a formidable armada of intracellular pattern recognition receptors. They recognize determinants of infection, such as foreign entities or danger signals within the host cell cytosol, rapidly executing innate immune defenses and initiating adaptive immune responses. Although inflammasomes are implicated in many diseases, they are especially critical in host protection against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Given this role, it is not surprising that many pathogens have evolved effective strategies to evade inflammasome activation. In this review, we will provide a brief summary of inflammasome activation during infection with the intent of highlighting recent advances in the field. Additionally, we will review known bacterial evasion strategies and countermeasures that impact pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Brewer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sky W Brubaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Denise M Monack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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88
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Genome-Wide Identification of Fitness Factors in Seawater for Edwardsiella piscicida. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00233-19. [PMID: 30877123 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00233-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine pathogens are transmitted from one host to another through seawater. Therefore, it is important for marine pathogens to maintain survival or growth in seawater. However, little is known about how marine pathogens adapt to living in seawater environments. Here, transposon insertion sequencing was performed to explore the genetic determinants of Edwardsiella piscicida survival in seawater at 16 and 28°C. Seventy-one mutants with mutations mainly in metabolism-, transportation-, and type III secretion system (T3SS)-related genes showed significantly increased or impaired fitness in 16°C water. In 28°C seawater, 63 genes associated with transcription and translation, as well as energy production and conversion, were essential for optimal survival of the bacterium. In particular, 11 T3SS-linked mutants displayed enhanced fitness in 16°C seawater but not in 28°C seawater. In addition, 13 genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation and 4 genes related to ubiquinone synthesis were identified for survival in 28°C seawater but not in 16°C seawater, which suggests that electron transmission and energy-producing aerobic respiration chain factors are indispensable for E. piscicida to maintain survival in higher-temperature seawater. In conclusion, we defined genes and processes related to metabolism and virulence that operate in E. piscicida to facilitate survival in low- and high-temperature seawater, which may underlie the infection outbreak mechanisms of E. piscicida and facilitate the development of improved vaccines against marine pathogens.IMPORTANCE Edwardsiella piscicida is one of the most important marine pathogens and causes serious edwardsiellosis in farmed fish during the summer-autumn seasonal changes, resulting in enormous losses to aquaculture industries worldwide. Survival and transmission of the pathogen in seawater are critical steps that increase the risk of outbreaks. To investigate the mechanism of survival in seawater for this marine pathogen, we used transposon insertion sequencing analysis to explore the fitness determinants in summer and autumn seawater. Approximately 127 genes linked to metabolism and virulence, as well as other processes, were revealed in E. piscicida to contribute to better adaptations to the seasonal alternations of seawater environments; these genes provide important insights into the infection outbreak mechanisms of E. piscicida and potential improved treatments or vaccines against marine pathogens.
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89
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Coulthurst S. The Type VI secretion system: a versatile bacterial weapon. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:503-515. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coulthurst
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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90
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Abstract
The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a protein nanomachine that is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is used to translocate effector proteins directly into neighbouring cells. It represents a versatile bacterial weapon that can deliver effectors into distinct classes of target cells, playing key roles in inter-bacterial competition and bacterial interactions with eukaryotic cells. This versatility is underpinned by the ability of the T6SS to deliver a vast array of effector proteins, with many distinct activities and modes of interaction with the secretion machinery. Recent work has highlighted the importance and diversity of interactions mediated by T6SSs within polymicrobial communities, and offers new molecular insights into effector delivery and action in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coulthurst
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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91
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Wang Z, Lin L, Chen W, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang D. Neutrophil plays critical role during Edwardsiella piscicida immersion infection in zebrafish larvae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:565-572. [PMID: 30742890 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia and haemolytic ascites disease in aquaculture fish. During bacterial infection, macrophages and neutrophils are the first line of host innate immune system. However, the role of neutrophils in response to E. piscicida infection in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, through developing an immersion infection model in the 5 day-post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae, we found that E. piscicida was mainly colonized in intestine, and resulted into significant pathological changes in paraffin sections. Moreover, a dynamic up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, GCSFb, CXCL8 and MMP9) was detected in zebrafish larvae during E. piscicida infection. Furthermore, a significant recruitment of neutrophils was observed during the E. piscicida infection in Tg(mpx:eGFP) zebrafish larvae. Thus, we utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate the neutrophil-knockdown (gcsfr-/- crispants) larvae, and found a comparative higher mortality and bacterial colonization in gcsfr-/- crispants, which reveals the critical role of fish neutrophils in bacterial clearance. Taken together, our results developed an effective E. piscicida immersion challenge model in zebrafish larvae to clarify the dynamic of bacterial infection in vivo, which would provide a better understanding of the action about innate immune cells during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lingyun Lin
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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92
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Liu T, Zeng Q, Zhao X, Wei W, Li Y, Deng H, Song D. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fangchinoline Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents through Inactivation of Inflammasome. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061154. [PMID: 30909541 PMCID: PMC6470529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty eight 7-substitued fangchinoline analogues, of which twenty two were novel, were synthesized and evaluated for their effect to inhibit lipopolysaccharide/nigericin (LPS/NIG)-induced IL-1β release at both cell and protein levels at the concentration of 5 μM. Among them, compound 6 exhibited promising inhibitory potency against IL-β activation with an IC50 value of 3.7 μM. Preliminary mechanism study revealed that 6 might target NLRP3 protein, and then block ASC pyroptosome formation with-NLRP3, rather than acting on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome (NF-κB and MAPK pathways) or caspase-1 protein. Our current study supported the potential role of compound 6 against IL-β activation, and provided powerful information for developing fangchinoline derivatives into a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Qingxuan Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yinghong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Danqing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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93
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Li FJ, Starrs L, Burgio G. Tug of war between Acinetobacter baumannii and host immune responses. Pathog Dis 2019; 76:5290314. [PMID: 30657912 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial, opportunistic pathogen with growing clinical significance. Acinetobacter baumannii has an exceptional ability to rapidly develop drug resistance and to adhere to abiotic surfaces, including medical equipment, significantly promoting bacterial spread and also limiting our ability to control A. baumannii infections. Consequently, A. baumannii is frequently responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia in clinical settings. In order to develop an effective treatment strategy, understanding host-pathogen interactions during A. baumannii infection is crucial. Various A. baumannii virulence factors have been identified as targets of host innate pattern-recognition receptors, which leads to activation of downstream inflammasomes to develop inflammatory responses, and the recruitment of innate immune effectors against A. baumannii infection. To counteract host immune attack, A. baumannii regulates its expression of different virulence factors. This review summarizes the significance of mechanisms of host-bacteria interaction, as well as different bacteria and host defense mechanisms during A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ju Li
- Department of Immunology and infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lora Starrs
- Department of Immunology and infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- Department of Immunology and infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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94
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Wen Y, Chen S, Jiang Z, Wang Z, Tan J, Hu T, Wang Q, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang D. Dysregulated haemolysin promotes bacterial outer membrane vesicles-induced pyroptotic-like cell death in zebrafish. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13010. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jinchao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Tianjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines; Shanghai China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines; Shanghai China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines; Shanghai China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines; Shanghai China
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95
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Vonaesch P, Anderson M, Sansonetti PJ. Pathogens, microbiome and the host: emergence of the ecological Koch's postulates. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:273-292. [PMID: 29325027 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though tremendous progress has been made in the last decades to elucidate the mechanisms of intestinal homeostasis, dysbiosis and disease, we are only at the beginning of understanding the complexity of the gut ecosystem and the underlying interaction networks. We are also only starting to unravel the mechanisms that pathogens have evolved to overcome the barriers imposed by the microbiota and host to exploit the system to their own benefit. Recent work in these domains clearly indicates that the 'traditional Koch's postulates', which state that a given pathogen leads to a distinct disease, are not valid for all 'infectious' diseases, but that a more complete and complex interpretation of Koch's postulates is needed in order to understand and explain them. This review summarises the current understanding of what defines a healthy gut ecosystem and highlights recent progress in uncovering the interplay between the host, its microbiota and invading intestinal pathogens. Based on these recent findings, we propose a new interpretation of Koch's postulates that we term 'ecological Koch's postulates'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Vonaesch
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Mark Anderson
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75015, France
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96
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Feng S, Huang Q, Ye C, Wu R, Lei G, Jiang J, Chen T, Peng Y, Fang R. Syk and JNK signaling pathways are involved in inflammasome activation in macrophages infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:217-222. [PMID: 30446225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen of significant clinical importance worldwide that can cause severe invasive diseases, such as pneumonia, otitis media and meningitis. Inflammsomes has been reported to participate in host defense against S. pneumoniae infection. S. pneumoniae could induce the assembly of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome, which mediates the activation of caspase-1 and the subsequent maturation of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, the precise signals that activate inflammasomes during pneumococcal infection remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, primary mouse macrophages were selected as a cell model, and the effects of kinases on inflammasome activity induced by S. pneumoniae infection were examined by ELISA and western blotting after pretreatment with a kinase inhibitor. Here, we show that Syk and JNK signaling are required for S. pneumoniae-induced activation of the inflammasome. Inhibitors of Syk and JNK almost abolished the oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-activating and recruitment domain (ASC) and subsequent caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Moreover, pneumolysin (PLY) participated in this process and was critical for Syk/JNK activation. These results suggested that the Syk/JNK signaling pathway may play a vital role in the inflammasome activation and modulate host immune responses against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyuan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chao Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guihua Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rendong Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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97
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Sharma V, Verma S, Seranova E, Sarkar S, Kumar D. Selective Autophagy and Xenophagy in Infection and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:147. [PMID: 30483501 PMCID: PMC6243101 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process, which ensures cellular survival under various stress conditions, has catapulted to the forefront of innate defense mechanisms during intracellular infections. The ability of autophagy to tag and target intracellular pathogens toward lysosomal degradation is central to this key defense function. However, studies involving the role and regulation of autophagy during intracellular infections largely tend to ignore the housekeeping function of autophagy. A growing number of evidences now suggest that the housekeeping function of autophagy, rather than the direct pathogen degradation function, may play a decisive role to determine the outcome of infection and immunological balance. We discuss herein the studies that establish the homeostatic and anti-inflammatory function of autophagy, as well as role of bacterial effectors in modulating and coopting these functions. Given that the core autophagy machinery remains largely the same across diverse cargos, how selectivity plays out during intracellular infection remains intriguing. We explore here, the contrasting role of autophagy adaptors being both selective as well as pleotropic in functions and discuss whether E3 ligases could bring in the specificity to cargo selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Sharma
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Verma
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Elena Seranova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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98
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Rüter C, Lubos ML, Norkowski S, Schmidt MA. All in—Multiple parallel strategies for intracellular delivery by bacterial pathogens. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:872-881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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99
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Lee S, Kim GL, Kim NY, Kim SJ, Ghosh P, Rhee DK. ATF3 Stimulates IL-17A by Regulating Intracellular Ca 2+/ROS-Dependent IL-1β Activation During Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1954. [PMID: 30214444 PMCID: PMC6125349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) in the ER stress pathway induces cytokine production and promotes survival during gram-positive bacterial infection. IL-17A is a critical cytokine that is essential for clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the mechanism by which ATF3 induces IL-17A production remains unknown. Here, we show that ATF3 induces IL-17A production via NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion. Survival rates were comparable in IL-17A-depleted and ATF3 KO mice but were lower than in WT mice treated with isotype control, indicating that ATF3 positively regulated IL-17A production. Indeed, ATF3 KO mice showed a marked reduction in IL-17A protein and mRNA expression compared to levels in WT mice. Moreover, mitochondrial IL-1β production by bone marrow-derived macrophages was significantly reduced in ATF3 KO mice as a result of the disruption of cellular ROS and Ca2+ homeostasis. Accordingly, ATF3 KO mice displayed diminished survival and bacterial clearance following S. pneumoniae infection. Taken together, these data suggest a mechanism in which macrophage ATF3 promotes IL-17A production in γδ T cells to rapidly induce host defenses during early S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeop Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Lee Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Na Young Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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100
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Chen S, Yang D, Wen Y, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Jiang J, Chen Y, Hu T, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Dysregulated hemolysin liberates bacterial outer membrane vesicles for cytosolic lipopolysaccharide sensing. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007240. [PMID: 30138458 PMCID: PMC6124777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory caspase-11/4/5 recognize cytosolic LPS from invading Gram-negative bacteria and induce pyroptosis and cytokine release, forming rapid innate antibacterial defenses. Since extracellular or vacuole-constrained bacteria are thought to rarely access the cytoplasm, how their LPS are exposed to the cytosolic sensors is a critical event for pathogen recognition. Hemolysin is a pore-forming bacterial toxin, which was generally accepted to rupture cell membrane, leading to cell lysis. Whether and how hemolysin participates in non-canonical inflammasome signaling remains undiscovered. Here, we show that hemolysin-overexpressed enterobacteria triggered significantly increased caspase-4 activation in human intestinal epithelial cell lines. Hemolysin promoted LPS cytosolic delivery from extracellular bacteria through dynamin-dependent endocytosis. Further, we revealed that hemolysin was largely associated with bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and induced rupture of OMV-containing vacuoles, subsequently increasing LPS exposure to the cytosolic sensor. Accordingly, overexpression of hemolysin promoted caspase-11 dependent IL-18 secretion and gut inflammation in mice, which was associated with restricting bacterial colonization in vivo. Together, our work reveals a concept that hemolysin promotes noncanonical inflammasome activation via liberating OMVs for cytosolic LPS sensing, which offers insights into innate immune surveillance of dysregulated hemolysin via caspase-11/4 in intestinal antibacterial defenses. Sensing of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cytosol triggers non-canonical inflammasome-mediated innate responses. Recent work revealed that bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) enables LPS to access the cytosol for extracellular bacteria. However, since intracellular OMVs are generally constrained in endosomes, how OMV-derived LPS gain access to the cytosol remains unknown. Here, we reported that hemolysin largely bound with OMVs and entered cells through dynamin-dependent endocytosis. Intracellular hemolysin significantly impaired OMVs-constrained vacuole integrity and increased OMV-derived LPS exposure to the cytosolic sensor, which promoted non-canonical inflammasome activation and restricted bacterial gut infections. This work reveals that dysregulated hemolysin promotes non-canonical inflammasome activation and alerts host immune recognition, providing insights into the more sophisticated biological functions of hemolysin upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jiatiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaozhen Chen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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