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Bera K, Kiepas A, Zhang Y, Sun SX, Konstantopoulos K. The interplay between physical cues and mechanosensitive ion channels in cancer metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954099. [PMID: 36158191 PMCID: PMC9490090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical cues have emerged as critical influencers of cell function during physiological processes, like development and organogenesis, and throughout pathological abnormalities, including cancer progression and fibrosis. While ion channels have been implicated in maintaining cellular homeostasis, their cell surface localization often places them among the first few molecules to sense external cues. Mechanosensitive ion channels (MICs) are especially important transducers of physical stimuli into biochemical signals. In this review, we describe how physical cues in the tumor microenvironment are sensed by MICs and contribute to cancer metastasis. First, we highlight mechanical perturbations, by both solid and fluid surroundings typically found in the tumor microenvironment and during critical stages of cancer cell dissemination from the primary tumor. Next, we describe how Piezo1/2 and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels respond to these physical cues to regulate cancer cell behavior during different stages of metastasis. We conclude by proposing alternative mechanisms of MIC activation that work in tandem with cytoskeletal components and other ion channels to bestow cells with the capacity to sense, respond and navigate through the surrounding microenvironment. Collectively, this review provides a perspective for devising treatment strategies against cancer by targeting MICs that sense aberrant physical characteristics during metastasis, the most lethal aspect of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Kiepas, ; Konstantinos Konstantopoulos,
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean X. Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander Kiepas, ; Konstantinos Konstantopoulos,
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Focal adhesion kinase priming in pancreatic cancer, altering biomechanics to improve chemotherapy. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1129-1141. [PMID: 35929603 PMCID: PMC9444069 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dense desmoplastic and fibrotic stroma is a characteristic feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), regulating disease progression, metastasis and response to treatment. Reciprocal interactions between the tumour and stroma are mediated by bidirectional integrin-mediated signalling, in particular by Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). FAK is often hyperactivated and overexpressed in aggressive cancers, promoting stromal remodelling and inducing tissue stiffness which can accelerate cancer cell proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. Therapeutic targeting of the PDAC stroma is an evolving area of interest for pre-clinical and clinical research, where a subtle reshaping of the stromal architecture prior to chemotherapy may prove promising in the clinical management of disease and overall patient survival. Here, we describe how transient stromal manipulation (or ‘priming’) via short-term FAK inhibition, rather than chronic treatment, can render PDAC cells exquisitely vulnerable to subsequent standard-of-care chemotherapy. We assess how our priming publication fits with the recent literature and describe in this perspective how this could impact future cancer treatment. This highlights the significance of treatment timing and warrants further consideration of anti-fibrotic therapies in the clinical management of PDAC and other fibrotic diseases.
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Talaat IM, Kim B. A brief glimpse of a tangled web in a small world: Tumor microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1002715. [PMID: 36045917 PMCID: PMC9421133 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor is a result of stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. This notion has deepened the understanding of cancer biology and has introduced the era of targeted therapies. On the other hand, there have been a series of attempts of using the immune system to treat tumors, dating back to ancient history, to sporadic reports of inflamed tumors undergoing spontaneous regression. This was succeeded by modern immunotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The recent breakthrough has broadened the sight to other players within tumor tissue. Tumor microenvironment is a niche or a system orchestrating reciprocal and dynamic interaction of various types of cells including tumor cells and non-cellular components. The output of this complex communication dictates the functions of the constituent elements present within it. More complicated factors are biochemical and biophysical settings unique to TME. This mini review provides a brief guide on a range of factors to consider in the TME research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Byoungkwon Kim
- Department of Pathology, H.H. Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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54
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Sahan AZ, Baday M, Patel CB. Biomimetic Hydrogels in the Study of Cancer Mechanobiology: Overview, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080496. [PMID: 36005097 PMCID: PMC9407355 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are biocompatible polymers that are tunable to the system under study, allowing them to be widely used in medicine, bioprinting, tissue engineering, and biomechanics. Hydrogels are used to mimic the three-dimensional microenvironment of tissues, which is essential to understanding cell–cell interactions and intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., proliferation, apoptosis, growth, and survival). Emerging evidence suggests that the malignant properties of cancer cells depend on mechanical cues that arise from changes in their microenvironment. These mechanobiological cues include stiffness, shear stress, and pressure, and have an impact on cancer proliferation and invasion. The hydrogels can be tuned to simulate these mechanobiological tissue properties. Although interest in and research on the biomedical applications of hydrogels has increased in the past 25 years, there is still much to learn about the development of biomimetic hydrogels and their potential applications in biomedical and clinical settings. This review highlights the application of hydrogels in developing pre-clinical cancer models and their potential for translation to human disease with a focus on reviewing the utility of such models in studying glioblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Z. Sahan
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Murat Baday
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chirag B. Patel
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (C.B.P.)
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55
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Mechanical signatures of human colon cancers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12475. [PMID: 35864200 PMCID: PMC9304395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the standard parameters used for colorectal cancer (CRC) management, new features are needed in clinical practice to improve progression-free and overall survival. In some cancers, the microenvironment mechanical properties can contribute to cancer progression and metastasis formation, or constitute a physical barrier for drug penetration or immune cell infiltration. These mechanical properties remain poorly known for colon tissues. Using a multidisciplinary approach including clinical data, physics and geostatistics, we characterized the stiffness of healthy and malignant colon specimens. For this purpose, we analyzed a prospective cohort of 18 patients with untreated colon adenocarcinoma using atomic force microscopy to generate micrometer-scale mechanical maps. We characterized the stiffness of normal epithelium samples taken far away or close to the tumor area and selected tumor tissue areas. These data showed that normal epithelium was softer than tumors. In tumors, stroma areas were stiffer than malignant epithelial cell areas. Among the clinical parameters, tumor left location, higher stage, and RAS mutations were associated with increased tissue stiffness. Thus, in patients with CRC, measuring tumor tissue rigidity may have a translational value and an impact on patient care.
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Habbit NL, Anbiah B, Anderson L, Suresh J, Hassani I, Eggert M, Brannen A, Davis J, Tian Y, Prabhakarpandian B, Panizzi P, Arnold RD, Lipke EA. Tunable three-dimensional engineered prostate cancer tissues for in vitro recapitulation of heterogeneous in vivo prostate tumor stiffness. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:73-90. [PMID: 35551999 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript we report the establishment and characterization of a three-dimensional in vitro, coculture engineered prostate cancer tissue (EPCaT) disease model based upon and informed by our characterization of in vivo prostate cancer (PCa) xenograft tumor stiffness. In prostate cancer, tissue stiffness is known to impact changes in gene and protein expression, alter therapeutic response, and be positively correlated with an aggressive clinical presentation. To inform an appropriate stiffness range for our in vitro model, PC-3 prostate tumor xenografts were established. Tissue stiffness ranged from 95 to 6,750 Pa. Notably, xenograft cell seeding density significantly impacted tumor stiffness; a two-fold increase in the number of seeded cells not only widened the tissue stiffness range throughout the tumor but also resulted in significant spatial heterogeneity. To fabricate our in vitro EPCaT model, PC-3 castration-resistant prostate cancer cells were co-encapsulated with BJ-5ta fibroblasts within a poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen matrix augmented with excess poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate to modulate the matrix mechanical properties. Encapsulated cells temporally remodeled their in vitro microenvironment and enrichment of gene sets associated with tumorigenic progression was observed in response to increased matrix stiffness. Through variation of matrix composition and culture duration, EPCaTs were tuned to mimic the wide range of biomechanical cues provided to PCa cells in vivo; collectively, a range of 50 to 10,000 Pa was achievable. Markedly, this also encompasses published clinical PCa stiffness data. Overall, this study serves to introduce our bioinspired, tunable EPCaT model and provide the foundation for future PCa progression and drug development studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of cancer models that mimic the native tumor microenvironment (TME) complexities is critical to not only develop effective drugs but also enhance our understanding of disease progression. Here we establish and characterize our 3D in vitro engineered prostate cancer tissue model with tunable matrix stiffness, that is inspired by this study's spatial characterization of in vivo prostate tumor xenograft stiffness. Notably, our model's mimicry of the TME is further augmented by the inclusion of matrix remodeling fibroblasts to introduce cancer-stromal cell-cell interactions. This study addresses a critical unmet need in the field by elucidating the prostate tumor xenograft stiffness range and establishing a foundation for recapitulating the biomechanics of site-of-origin and soft tissue metastatic prostate tumors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Habbit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin Anbiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Luke Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Joshita Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Iman Hassani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Matthew Eggert
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Andrew Brannen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Joshua Davis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Scola L, Bongiorno MR, Forte GI, Aiello A, Accardi G, Scrimali C, Spina R, Lio D, Candore G. TGF-β/VEGF-A Genetic Variants Interplay in Genetic Susceptibility to Non-Melanocytic Skin Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071235. [PMID: 35886018 PMCID: PMC9317818 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential genetically determined expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β pathway and of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) might modulate the molecular “milieu” involved in the etio-pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We have evaluated the frequency of some functionally relevant SNPs of TGF-β and VEGF-A genes in 70 NMSC patients and 161 healthy controls, typed for TGF-β1 rs1800471, TGF-β2 rs900, TGF-βR1 rs334348 and rs334349, TGF-βR2 rs4522809 and VEGF-A rs3025039 SNPs. TGF-βR2 rs1800629G allele and related genotypes were found to be associated with a possible protective role against NMSC, whereas VEGF-A rs3025039T was associated with an increased risk. To evaluate the effect of genotype combinations on NMSC susceptibility, we determined the frequencies of 31 pseudo-haplotypes due to non-random linkage among alleles of loci not lying on the same chromosome. Two pseudo-haplotypes that imply a minor allele of TGF-βR2 or minor allele of VEGF-A SNPs combined with major alleles of the other SNPs were, respectively, associated with a protective effect, and susceptibility to NMSC. In addition, a pseudo-haplotype involving minor alleles of TGF-β2 rs900, TGF-βR1 rs334348 and rs4522809 SNPs might be a susceptibility marker for NMSC. In conclusion, our data suggest that a complex interplay among the genetic polymorphisms of TGF-β, TGF-β receptors and VEGF-A genes might influence the net effect of genetic background of the patients on NMSC development. This might be relevant in the risk evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Scola
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90135 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maria Rita Bongiorno
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giusi Irma Forte
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy;
| | - Anna Aiello
- General Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90135 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (G.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Accardi
- General Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90135 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (G.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Scrimali
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rossella Spina
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Domenico Lio
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Migrate”, University of Palermo, 90135 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- General Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90135 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (G.A.); (G.C.)
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Xu J, Li JQ, Chen QL, Shestakova EA, Misyurin VA, Pokrovsky VS, Tchevkina EM, Chen HB, Song H, Zhang JY. Advances in Research on the Effects and Mechanisms of Chemokines and Their Receptors in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:920779. [PMID: 35770088 PMCID: PMC9235028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.920779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a common and intractable disease that seriously affects quality of life of patients and imposes heavy economic burden on families and the entire society. Current medications and intervention strategies for cancer have respective shortcomings. In recent years, it has been increasingly spotlighted that chemokines and their receptors play vital roles in the pathophysiology of cancer. Chemokines are a class of structurally similar short-chain secreted proteins that initiate intracellular signaling pathways through the activation of corresponding G protein-coupled receptors and participate in physiological and pathological processes such as cell migration and proliferation. Studies have shown that chemokines and their receptors have close relationships with cancer epigenetic regulation, growth, progression, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Chemokines and their receptors may also serve as potential targets for cancer treatment. We herein summarize recent research progresses on anti-tumor effects and mechanisms of chemokines and their receptors, suggesting avenues for future studies. Perspectives for upcoming explorations, such as development of multi-targeted chemokine-based anti-tumor drugs, are also discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-quan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi-lei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elena A. Shestakova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A. Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena M. Tchevkina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hu-biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Hu-biao Chen, ; Hang Song, ; Jian-ye Zhang,
| | - Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hu-biao Chen, ; Hang Song, ; Jian-ye Zhang,
| | - Jian-ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hu-biao Chen, ; Hang Song, ; Jian-ye Zhang,
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59
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Luthold C, Hallal T, Labbé DP, Bordeleau F. The Extracellular Matrix Stiffening: A Trigger of Prostate Cancer Progression and Castration Resistance? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122887. [PMID: 35740556 PMCID: PMC9221142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements made in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer remains the second most diagnosed cancer among men worldwide in 2020, and the first in North America and Europe. Patients with localized disease usually respond well to first-line treatments, however, up to 30% develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is often metastatic, making this stage of the disease incurable and ultimately fatal. Over the last years, interest has grown into the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening as an important mediator of diseases, including cancers. While this process is increasingly well-characterized in breast cancer, a similar in-depth look at ECM stiffening remains lacking for prostate cancer. In this review, we scrutinize the current state of literature regarding ECM stiffening in prostate cancer and its potential association with disease progression and castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Luthold
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada;
- Division of Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Tarek Hallal
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - David P. Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - François Bordeleau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada;
- Division of Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.P.L.); (F.B.)
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60
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Mechanical Cues Regulate Histone Modifications and Cell Behavior. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9179111. [PMID: 35599845 PMCID: PMC9117061 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9179111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Change of biophysical factors in tissue microenvironment is an important step in a chronic disease development process. A mechanical and biochemical factor from cell living microniche can regulate cell epigenetic decoration and, therefore, further induce change of gene expression. In this review, we will emphasize the mechanism that biophysical microenvironment manipulates cell behavior including gene expression and protein decoration, through modifying histone amino acid residue modification. The influence given by different mechanical forces, including mechanical stretch, substrate surface stiffness, and shear stress, on cell fate and behavior during chronic disease development including tumorigenesis will also be teased out. Overall, the recent work summarized in this review culminates on the hypothesis that a mechanical factor stimulates the modification on histone which could facilitate disease detection and potential therapeutic target.
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61
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Li Q, Liu Y, Huang Z, Guo Y, Li Q. Triggering Immune System With Nanomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:878524. [PMID: 35497343 PMCID: PMC9046726 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.878524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of incidence rate and mortality worldwide. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has made great progress in the preclinical and clinical treatment of advanced malignant tumors. However, cancer patients will have transient cancer suppression reaction and serious immune related adverse reactions when receiving immunotherapy. In recent years, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy, which can accurately deliver immunogens, activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) and effector cells, provides a new insight to solve the above problems. In this review, we discuss the research progress of nanomaterials in immunotherapy including nanoparticle-based delivery systems, nanoparticle-based photothermal and photodynamic immunotherapy, nanovaccines, nanoparticle-based T cell cancer immunotherapy and nanoparticle-based bacteria cancer immunotherapy. We also put forward the current challenges and prospects of immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yajie Guo
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingjiao Li
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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62
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Simsek H, Klotzsch E. The solid tumor microenvironment-Breaking the barrier for T cells: How the solid tumor microenvironment influences T cells: How the solid tumor microenvironment influences T cells. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100285. [PMID: 35393714 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the behavior and development of solid tumors as well as shaping the immune response against them. As the tumor cells proliferate, the space they occupy and their physical interactions with the surrounding tissue increases. The growing tumor tissue becomes a complex dynamic structure, containing connective tissue, vascular structures, and extracellular matrix (ECM) that facilitates stimulation, oxygenation, and nutrition, necessary for its fast growth. Mechanical cues such as stiffness, solid stress, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), matrix density, and microarchitecture influence cellular functions and ultimately tumor progression and metastasis. In this fight, our body is equipped with T cells as its spearhead against tumors. However, the altered biochemical and mechanical environment of the tumor niche affects T cell efficacy and leads to their exhaustion. Understanding the mechanobiological properties of the TME and their effects on T cells is key for developing novel adoptive tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Simsek
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics/Mechanobiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics/Mechanobiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Xu H, Cheng C, Le W. Recent research advances of the biomimetic tumor microenvironment and regulatory factors on microfluidic devices: A systematic review. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:839-847. [PMID: 35179796 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is a multicomponent system consisting of tumor cells, noncancer cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules, which hosts tumor cells with integrated biophysical and biochemical elements. Because of its critical involvement in tumor genesis, invasion, metastasis, and resistance, the tumor microenvironment is emerging as a hot topic of tumor biology and a prospective therapeutic target. Unfortunately, the complex of microenvironment modeling in vitro is technically challenging and does not effectively generalize the local tumor tissue milieu. Recently, significant advances in microfluidic technologies have provided us with an approach to imitate physiological systems that can be utilized to mimic the characterization of tumor responses with pathophysiological relevance in vitro. In this review, we highlight the recent progress and innovations in microfluidic technology that facilitates the tumor microenvironment study. We also discuss the progress and future perspective of microfluidic bionic approaches with high efficiency for the study of tumor microenvironment and the challenges encountered in cancer research, drug discovery, and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China.,Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, P. R. China
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64
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Shin DS, Schroeder ME, Anseth KS. Impact of Collagen Triple Helix Structure on Melanoma Cell Invadopodia Formation and Matrix Degradation upon BRAF Inhibitor Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101592. [PMID: 34783464 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A collagen-rich tumor microenvironment (TME) is associated with worse outcomes in cancer patients and contributes to drug resistance in many cancer types. In melanoma, stiff and fibrillar collagen-abundant tissue is observed after failure of therapeutic treatments with BRAF inhibitors. Increased collagen in the TME can affect properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including stiffness, adhesiveness, and interaction of integrins with triple helix forming nanostructures. Decoupling these biochemical and biophysical properties of the ECM can lead to a better understanding of how each of these individual properties affect melanoma cancer behavior and drug efficacy. In addition, as drug treatment can induce cancer cell phenotypic switch, cancer cell responsiveness to the TME can be dynamically changed during therapeutic treatments. To investigate cancer cell phenotype changes and the role of the cancer TME, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) is utilized, or an interpenetrating network (IPN) of type І collagen within the PEG system to culture various melanoma cell lines in the presence or absence of Vemurafenib (PLX4032) drug treatment is prepared. Additionally, the potential of using CMP functionalized PEG hydrogels, which can provide better tunability is explored, to replace the existing invadopodia assay platform based on fluorescent gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Della S. Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Megan E. Schroeder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
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65
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Monteiro MV, Zhang YS, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. 3D-bioprinted cancer-on-a-chip: level-up organotypic in vitro models. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:432-447. [PMID: 34556340 PMCID: PMC8916962 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial conjugation of organ-on-a-chip platforms with additive manufacturing technologies is rapidly emerging as a disruptive approach for upgrading cancer-on-a-chip systems towards anatomic-sized dynamic in vitro models. This valuable technological synergy has potential for giving rise to truly physiomimetic 3D models that better emulate tumor microenvironment elements, bioarchitecture, and response to multidimensional flow dynamics. Herein, we showcase the most recent advances in bioengineering 3D-bioprinted cancer-on-a-chip platforms and provide a comprehensive discussion on design guidelines and possibilities for high-throughput analysis. Such hybrid platforms represent a new generation of highly sophisticated 3D tumor models with improved biomimicry and predictability of therapeutics performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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66
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Bolanta S, Malijauskaite S, McGourty K, O’Reilly EJ. Synthesis of Poly(acrylic acid)-Cysteine-Based Hydrogels with Highly Customizable Mechanical Properties for Advanced Cell Culture Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9108-9117. [PMID: 35350353 PMCID: PMC8945188 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of highly customizable scaffolds is a key enabling technology in the development of predictive in vitro cell models for applications in drug discovery, cancer research, and regenerative medicine. Naturally derived and synthetic hydrogels are good candidates for in vitro cell growth studies, owing to their soft and biocompatible nature; however, they are often hindered by limited ranges of stiffness and the requirement to modify the gel with additional extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins for cell adherence. Here, we report on the synthesis of a printable synthetic hydrogel based on cysteine-modified poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-Cys) with tuneable mechanical and swelling properties by incorporating acrylic acid into the PAA-Cys network and subsequent photoinitiated thiol-acrylate cross-linking. Control of the acrylic acid concentration and UV curing time produces a series of hydrogels with swelling ratios in excess of 100% and Young's modulus values ranging from ∼2 to ∼35 kPa, of which most soft tissues fall within. Biocompatibility studies with RPE1 cells showed excellent cell adhesion and cell viability without the need for further modification with ECM proteins, but still can be modified as needed. The versatility of the hydrogel tuneable properties is demonstrated by culturing with RPE1 cells, which in vivo perform an important function in the visual process and the dysfunction of which may lead to various retinal abnormalities, such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon
O. Bolanta
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Sigita Malijauskaite
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Health
Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Emmet J. O’Reilly
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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67
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Harryman WL, Marr KD, Nagle RB, Cress AE. Integrins and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Cooperation in the Tumor Microenvironment of Muscle-Invasive Lethal Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:837585. [PMID: 35300411 PMCID: PMC8921537 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.837585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive lethal carcinomas traverse into and through this specialized biophysical and growth factor enriched microenvironment. We will highlight cancers that originate in organs surrounded by smooth muscle, which presents a barrier to dissemination, including prostate, bladder, esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. We propose that the heterogeneity of cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion receptors is an important driver of aggressive tumor networks with functional consequences for progression. Phenotype heterogeneity of the tumor provides a biophysical advantage for tumor network invasion through the tensile muscle and survival of the tumor network. We hypothesize that a functional epithelial-mesenchymal cooperation (EMC)exists within the tumor invasive network to facilitate tumor escape from the primary organ, invasion and traversing of muscle, and navigation to metastatic sites. Cooperation between specific epithelial cells within the tumor and stromal (mesenchymal) cells interacting with the tumor is illustrated using the examples of laminin-binding adhesion molecules—especially integrins—and their response to growth and inflammatory factors in the tumor microenvironment. The cooperation between cell-cell (E-cadherin, CDH1) and cell-ECM (α6 integrin, CD49f) expression and growth factor receptors is highlighted within poorly differentiated human tumors associated with aggressive disease. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are examined for their role in the tumor microenvironment in generating and organizing various growth factors. Cellular structural proteins are potential utility markers for future spatial profiling studies. We also examine the special characteristics of the smooth muscle microenvironment and how invasion by a primary tumor can alter this environment and contribute to tumor escape via cooperation between epithelial and stromal cells. This cooperative state allows the heterogenous tumor clusters to be shaped by various growth factors, co-opt or evade immune system response, adapt from hypoxic to normoxic conditions, adjust to varying energy sources, and survive radiation and chemotherapeutic interventions. Understanding the epithelial-mesenchymal cooperation in early tumor invasive networks holds potential for both identifying early biomarkers of the aggressive transition and identification of novel agents to prevent the epithelial-mesenchymal cooperation phenotype. Epithelial-mesenchymal cooperation is likely to unveil new tumor subtypes to aid in selection of appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Harryman
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kendra D Marr
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ray B Nagle
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Anne E Cress
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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68
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Li X, Liu M, Shi Q, Fang Y, Fu D, Shen ZX, Yi H, Wang L, Zhao W. Elevated serum IL-13 level is associated with increased Treg cells in tumor microenvironment and disease progression of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2022; 41:230-238. [PMID: 35304777 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive lymphoid malignancy, with an immunosuppressive microenvironment affecting clinical outcome. Interleukin (IL)-13 overexpression is observed in multiple solid tumors and contributes to tumor progression. This study aims to investigate pretreatment serum IL-13 levels and their relationship with the prognosis of DLBCL patients. One hundred and sixty-six patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL from June 2015 to July 2017 were included. Patients with elevated pretreatment serum IL-13 levels (IL-13≥1.63pg/ml) were classified into the high IL-13 group and they had significantly lower complete remission rate (60% vs. 74%, p=0.0059), higher progression rate (43% vs. 23%, p=0.0051), and poor progression-free survival (2-yr PFS, 63% vs. 78%,p=0.0078) and overall survival (2-yr OS, 75% vs. 92%, p=0.0027), when compared to those in the low IL-13 group (IL-13<1.63pg/ml). Meanwhile, increased Treg cell ratio in peripheral blood (p=0.0147) and elevated serum IL-2 levels (p=0.0272) were observed in the high IL-13 group. Moreover, RNA sequencing data showed that patients in the high IL-13 group had significantly elevated expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors (CCR4, CCL19, CCL21, CXCL2) related to Treg activation and recruitment. Consistent with the chemokine profile, tumor immunophenotyping analysis revealed that higher Treg cells recruitment in the high IL-13 group than the low IL-13 group (p=0.0116). In vitro, when lymphoma cells co-cultured with peripheral blood monocytes of healthy controls, metformin down-regulated both IL-13 level and Treg cell ratio, in consistent with the decreased serum IL-13 levels of patients after 6 months of metformin maintenance therapy in the high IL-13 group. Taken together, pretreatment serum IL-13 level is related to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor clinical outcome of DLBCL patients and could be targeted by metformin, thus providing a new therapeutic strategy in treating DLBCL with high serum IL-13 levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengke Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Yi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China
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69
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Homayoonfal M, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. Potential anticancer properties and mechanisms of thymoquinone in osteosarcoma and bone metastasis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:21. [PMID: 35236304 PMCID: PMC8903697 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great advances, therapeutic approaches of osteosarcoma, the most prevalent class of preliminary pediatric bone tumors, as well as bone-related malignancies, continue to demonstrate insufficient adequacy. In recent years, a growing trend toward applying natural bioactive compounds, particularly phytochemicals, as novel agents for cancer treatment has been observed. Bioactive phytochemicals exert their anticancer features through two main ways: they induce cytotoxic effects against cancerous cells without having any detrimental impact on normal cell macromolecules such as DNA and enzymes, while at the same time combating the oncogenic signaling axis activated in tumor cells. Thymoquinone (TQ), the most abundant bioactive compound of Nigella sativa, has received considerable attention in cancer treatment owing to its distinctive properties, including apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis and metastasis inhibition, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, along with inducing immune system responses and reducing side effects of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. The present review is focused on the characteristics and mechanisms by which TQ exerts its cytotoxic effects on bone malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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70
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Chen YQ, Hung CY, Wei MT, Kuo JC, Yang MH, Cheng HY, Chiou A. Snail Augments Nuclear Deformability to Promote Lymph Node Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:809738. [PMID: 35265612 PMCID: PMC8899106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.809738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 50% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients have lymph node (LN) metastasis, resulting in poor survival rate. Numerous studies have supported the notion that the alterations of gene expression and mechanical properties of cancer cells play an important role in cancer metastasis. However, which genes and how they regulate the biomechanical properties of HNSCC cells to promote LN metastasis remains elusive. In this study, we used an LN-metastatic mouse model in vivo to generate an LN-metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line and compared the differences in the biomolecular and biomechanical properties of LN-metastatic and non-metastatic cells. Our results showed that LN-metastatic cells had a higher level of Snail expression compared to non-LN-metastatic cells. The higher Snail expression promoted the cellular invasion capability in confined environments, mainly by increasing the longitudinal strain of the cell nuclei, which could be attributed to the stronger cell traction force and softer nuclear stiffness. These two biomechanical changes were correlated, respectively, to a larger amount of focal adhesion and less amount of nuclear lamins. Taken together, our works revealed not only the biomechanical profiles of LN-metastatic cells but also the corresponding biomolecular expressions to pinpoint the key process in LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yin-Quan Chen,
| | - Chen-Yu Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tzo Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ying Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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71
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González-Ballesteros MM, Mejía C, Ruiz-Azuara L. Metallodrugs, an approach against invasion and metastasis in cancer treatment. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:880-899. [PMID: 35170871 PMCID: PMC9063434 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease that causes high mortality throughout the world; therefore, finding the most effective therapies is a major research challenge. Currently, most anticancer drugs present a limited number of well‐established targets, such as cell proliferation or death; however, it is important to consider that the worse progression of cancer toward pathological stages implies invasion and metastasis processes. Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry (MIC) is a young area that deals with the design, synthesis, characterization, preclinical evaluation, and mechanism of action of new inorganic compounds, called metallodrugs. The properties of metallic ions allow enriching of strategies for the design of new drugs, enabling the adjustment of physicochemical and stereochemical properties. Metallodrugs can adopt geometries, such as tetrahedral, octahedral, square planar, and square planar pyramid, which adjusts their arrangement and facilitates binding with a wide variety of targets. The redox properties of some metal ions can be modulated by the presence of the bound ligands to adjust their interaction, thereby opening a range of mechanisms of action. In this regard, the mechanisms of action that trigger the biological activity of metallodrugs have been generally identified by: (a) coordination of the metal to biomolecules (for instance, cisplatin binds to the N7 in DNA guanine, as Pt‐N via coordination of the inhibition of enzymes); (b) redox‐active; and (c) ROS production. For this reason, a series of metallodrugs can interact with several specific targets in the anti‐invasive processes of cancer and can prevent metastasis. The structural base of several metal compounds shows great anticancer potential by inhibiting the signaling pathways related to cancer progression. In this minireview, we present the advances in the field of antimetastatic effects of metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio M González-Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Carmen Mejía
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, C.P, 76230, México
| | - Lena Ruiz-Azuara
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, Mexico
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72
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G. K. AV, Gogoi G, Behera B, Rila S, Rangarajan A, Pandya HJ. RapidET: a MEMS-based platform for label-free and rapid demarcation of tumors from normal breast biopsy tissues. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:1. [PMID: 35087680 PMCID: PMC8761751 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and label-free diagnosis of malignancies in ex vivo breast biopsy tissues has significant utility in pathology laboratories and operating rooms. We report a MEMS-based platform integrated with microchips that performs phenotyping of breast biopsy tissues using electrothermal sensing. The microchip, fabricated on a silicon substrate, incorporates a platinum microheater, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) as on-chip sensing elements. The microchips are integrated onto the platform using a slide-fit contact enabling quick replacement for biological measurements. The bulk resistivity (ρ B ), surface resistivity (ρ S ), and thermal conductivity (k) of deparaffinized and formalin-fixed paired tumor and adjacent normal breast biopsy samples from N = 8 patients were measured. For formalin-fixed samples, the mean ρ B for tumors showed a statistically significant fold change of 4.42 (P = 0.014) when the tissue was heated from 25 °C to 37 °C compared to the adjacent normal tissue, which showed a fold change of 3.47. The mean ρ S measurements also showed a similar trend. The mean k of the formalin-fixed tumor tissues was 0.309 ± 0.02 W m-1 K-1 compared to a significantly higher k of 0.563 ± 0.028 W m-1 K-1 for the adjacent normal tissues. A similar trend was observed in ρ B, ρ S, and k for the deparaffinized tissue samples. An analysis of a combination of ρ B , ρ S , and k using Fisher's combined probability test and linear regression suggests the advantage of using all three parameters simultaneously for distinguishing tumors from adjacent normal tissues with higher statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Vishnu G. K.
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Gayatri Gogoi
- Department of Pathology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Bhagaban Behera
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Saeed Rila
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Hardik J. Pandya
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka India
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73
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Marques-Magalhães Â, Cruz T, Costa ÂM, Estêvão D, Rios E, Canão PA, Velho S, Carneiro F, Oliveira MJ, Cardoso AP. Decellularized Colorectal Cancer Matrices as Bioactive Scaffolds for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020359. [PMID: 35053521 PMCID: PMC8773780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a physical structure providing support to tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of macromolecules that modulates the behavior of both cancer cells and associated stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the last few years, several efforts have been made to develop new models that accurately mimic the interconnections within the TME and specifically the biomechanical and biomolecular complexity of the tumor ECM. Particularly in colorectal cancer, the ECM is highly remodeled and disorganized and constitutes a key component that affects cancer hallmarks, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, several scaffolds produced from natural and/or synthetic polymers and ceramics have been used in 3D biomimetic strategies for colorectal cancer research. Nevertheless, decellularized ECM from colorectal tumors is a unique model that offers the maintenance of native ECM architecture and molecular composition. This review will focus on innovative and advanced 3D-based models of decellularized ECM as high-throughput strategies in colorectal cancer research that potentially fill some of the gaps between in vitro 2D and in vivo models. Our aim is to highlight the need for strategies that accurately mimic the TME for precision medicine and for studying the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Marques-Magalhães
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Cruz
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Margarida Costa
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Estêvão
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Rios
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Amoroso Canão
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-607-4900
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Lysyl-Oxidase Dependent Extracellular Matrix Stiffness in Hodgkin Lymphomas: Mechanical and Topographical Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010259. [PMID: 35008423 PMCID: PMC8750937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alterations of the composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to increased stiffness, is known to condition development, invasiveness and severity of neoplasms. In this study, we report increased lymph node (LN) stiffness in human lymphomas, measured by LN elastometry or by computerized imaging of bioptic specimens. Stiffness matched to lymphoma histotype and grading. The enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) is involved in the rise of collagen cross-linking in Hodgkin lymphomas, while altered architecture, shown by scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy is involved in advanced follicular lymphomas. Based on these data, digital pathology may help in the staging of lymphomas, and lysyl oxidase may represent a target for therapy in Hodgkin lymphomas. Abstract Purpose: The biochemical composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to condition development and invasiveness of neoplasms. To clarify this point, we analyzed ECM stiffness, collagen cross-linking and anisotropy in lymph nodes (LN) of Hodgkin lymphomas (HL), follicular lymphomas (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), compared with non-neoplastic LN (LDN). Methods and Results: We found increased elastic (Young’s) modulus in HL and advanced FL (grade 3A) over LDN, FL grade 1–2 and DLBCL. Digital imaging evidenced larger stromal areas in HL, where increased collagen cross-linking was found; in turn, architectural modifications were documented in FL3A by scanning electron microscopy and enhanced anisotropy by polarized light microscopy. Interestingly, HL expressed high levels of lysyl oxidase (LOX), an enzyme responsible for collagen cross-linking. Using gelatin scaffolds fabricated with a low elastic modulus, comparable to that of non-neoplastic tissues, we demonstrated that HL LN-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and HL cells increased the Young’s modulus of the extracellular microenvironment through the expression of LOX. Indeed, LOX inhibition by β-aminopropionitrile prevented the gelatin stiffness increase. Conclusions: These data indicate that different mechanical, topographical and/or architectural modifications of ECM are detectable in human lymphomas and are related to their histotype and grading.
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Abstract
Cells generate and sense mechanical forces that trigger biochemical signals to elicit cellular responses that control cell fate changes. Mechanical forces also physically distort neighboring cells and the surrounding connective tissue, which propagate mechanochemical signals over long distances to guide tissue patterning, organogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis. As the largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus is particularly sensitive to mechanical force and deformation. Nuclear responses to mechanical force include adaptations in chromatin architecture and transcriptional activity that trigger changes in cell state. These force-driven changes also influence the mechanical properties of chromatin and nuclei themselves to prevent aberrant alterations in nuclear shape and help maintain genome integrity. This review will discuss principles of nuclear mechanotransduction and chromatin mechanics and their role in DNA damage and cell fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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76
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Wu X, Wang H, Zhu D, Chai Y, Wang J, Dai W, Xiao Y, Tang W, Li J, Hong L, Pei M, Zhang J, Lin Z, Wang J, Li A, Liu S. USP3 promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis by deubiquitination-dependent COL9A3/COL6A5 stabilisation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:10. [PMID: 34930901 PMCID: PMC8688524 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As an important regulator of intracellular protein degradation, the mechanism of the deubiquitinating enzyme family in tumour metastasis has received increasing attention. Our previous study revealed that USP3 promotes tumour progression and is highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC). Herein, we report two critical targets, COL9A3 and COL6A5, downstream of USP3, via the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technique. Mechanistically, we observed that USP3 interacted with and stabilised COL9A3 and COL6A5 via deubiquitination in GC. Importantly, we found that COL9A3 and COL6A5 were essential mediators of USP3-modulated oncogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Examination of clinical samples confirmed that elevated expression of USP3, concomitant with increased COL9A3 and COL6A5 abundance, correlates with human GC progression. These data suggest that USP3 promotes GC progression and metastasis by deubiquitinating COL9A3 and COL6A5. These findings identify a mechanism of GC metastasis regarding USP3-mediated deubiquitinating enzyme activity and suggest potential therapeutic targets for GC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Danping Zhu
- Department of Medical Examination, Rocket Army Guangzhou Special Service Convalescent Center, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yixia Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weiyu Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weimei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Linjie Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Miaomiao Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jieming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhizhao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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Min X, Zhu J, Shang M, Liu J, Zhang K, Guo L, Li L, Cheng L, Li J. Stiffness Could be a Predictor of AJCC Prognostic Stage Groups in Preoperative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:2665-2674. [PMID: 33629753 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the stiffness of 2-dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) in preoperatively predicting the prognostic stage groups of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS Eighty-six newly diagnosed lesions on 83 patients with IDCs were analyzed. All parameters from conventional ultrasound and stiffness to virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification were collected, and mean shear wave velocity (SWVmean) was calculated. Data on maximum diameter, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), histologic grading system and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stages were collected. The levels of maximum shear wave velocity (SWVmax), minimum shear wave velocity (SWVmin) and SWVmean were compared. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, the diagnostic efficacy was found in area under the curve (AUC). Parallel mode was used to improve the predictive value of sensitivity. RESULTS The median stiffness of SWVmax and SWVmean for IDCs were 9.38 and 6.32 m/s for late stage (stages II, III, IV) and 6.39 m/s and 4.72 m/s for early stage (stage I) of the prognostic stage groups, respectively. The median stiffness values in the late stage were significantly higher than those in the early stage (P = .003, P = .005). The optimal cutoff stiffness of SWVmax and SWVmean were 8.62 and 6.13 m/s, respectively. In ROC curves analysis, the AUC for SWVmax was 0.742, and it showed a better diagnostic value than SWVmean (0.725). In predictive diagnosis, the sensitivity for SWVmax and SWVmean were both 62.50%. The parallel mode improved the prediction power of sensitivity to 68.75%. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative SWV level may serve as a promising prognostic imaging indicator for breast IDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Min
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Medical Section, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Venkatachalapathy S, Jokhun DS, Andhari M, Shivashankar GV. Single cell imaging-based chromatin biomarkers for tumor progression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23041. [PMID: 34845273 PMCID: PMC8630115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression within the tissue microenvironment is accompanied by complex biomechanical alterations of the extracellular environment. While histopathology images provide robust biochemical markers for tumor progression in clinical settings, a quantitative single cell score using nuclear morphology and chromatin organization integrated with the long range mechanical coupling within the tumor microenvironment is missing. We propose that the spatial chromatin organization in individual nuclei characterises the cell state and their alterations during tumor progression. In this paper, we first built an image analysis pipeline and implemented it to classify nuclei from patient derived breast tissue biopsies of various cancer stages based on their nuclear and chromatin features. Replacing H&E with DNA binding dyes such as Hoescht stained tissue biopsies, we improved the classification accuracy. Using the nuclear morphology and chromatin organization features, we constructed a pseudo-time model to identify the chromatin state changes that occur during tumour progression. This enabled us to build a single-cell mechano-genomic score that characterises the cell state during tumor progression from a normal to a metastatic state. To gain further insights into the alterations in the local tissue microenvironments, we also used the nuclear orientations to identify spatial neighbourhoods that have been posited to drive tumor progression. Collectively, we demonstrate that image-based single cell chromatin and nuclear features are important single cell biomarkers for phenotypic mapping of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradha Venkatachalapathy
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Doorgesh S Jokhun
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Madhavi Andhari
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - G V Shivashankar
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore. .,FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
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Kamali Zonouzi S, Pezeshki PS, Razi S, Rezaei N. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:757-769. [PMID: 34839457 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality among cancers. Many aspects of this cancer are under investigation to find established markers of diagnosis, prognosis, and also potential drug targets. In this review article, we are going to discuss the possible solution to all these aims by investigating the literature about cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) involved in CRC. Moreover, we are going to review their interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and vitamin D and their role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Moreover, we are going to expand more on some markers produced by them or related to them including FAP, a-SMA, CXCL12, TGF- β, POSTN, and β1-Integrin. Some signaling pathways related to CAFs are as follows: FAK, AKT, activin A, and YAP/TAZ. Some genes related to the CAFs which are found to be possible therapeutic targets include COL3A1, JAM3, AEBP1 and, CAF-derived TGFB3, WNT2, and WNT54.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamali Zonouzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - P S Pezeshki
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - S Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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80
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Wang K, Chen X. Autophagic tumor-associated macrophages promote the endothelial mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinomas through the FUT4/p-ezrin pathway. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:5973-5985. [PMID: 34795945 PMCID: PMC8575842 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality, but the effect of Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on lung adenocarcinoma has not been studied clearly now. Methods In this study, TAMs were stably transfected with Atg5 silence or overexpression lentiviral vectors to inhibit or induce autophagy of TAMs. In addition, the expression of fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) or Ezrin were interfered in TAMs with autophagy. The above treated TAMs were then co-cultured with A549 or H1299 cells. The expressions of genes were detected by qPCR, western blotting, cell immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell assay and wound healing assay. Furthermore, the effects of TAMs with autophagy were explored in lung adenocarcinoma xenograft model of mice. Results The results showed that overexpression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) induced autophagy in TAMs, which increased the expression of FUT4, TGF-β1, and p-ezrin, and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, FUT4 silencing partially reversed the effects of TAM autophagy, specifically, the expression of TGF-β1 and p-ezrin was inhibited and EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cells was suppressed. Notably, ezrin deletion in autophagic TAMs induced by rapamycin reduced TGF-β1 expression and suppressed EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Consistently, in vivo experiments also revealed that autophagic TAMs increased the expression of FUT4, TGF-β1, and p-ezrin, and promoted EMT in lung adenocarcinomas. Similarly, FUT4 silencing partially reversed the effects of autophagic TAMs on EMT in lung adenocarcinomas. Conclusions In conclusion, autophagic TAMs promoted TGF-β1 secretion through the FUT4/p-ezrin pathway and induced EMT in co-cultured lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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81
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Leng X, Japaer R, Zhang H, Yeerlan M, Ma F, Ding J. Relationship of shear wave elastography anisotropy with tumor stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 34789199 PMCID: PMC8600915 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is to examine the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) anisotropy in assessing the prognosis of breast cancer. Methods We enrolled 119 breast cancer patients from January 2017 to October 2019. SWE was performed before operation. Emax (maximum elasticity value), Emean (average elasticity value), Esd (standard deviation of the lesion elasticity value), Eratio (elasticity value of adipose tissue), anisotropy coefficient and difference were recorded. After operation, we collected clinical pathological data, and performed immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR tests on CD44, CD24, E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and N-cadherin. Finally, we analyzed the correlation among parameters of SWE, anisotropy and clinicopathology, and markers of CSCs (cancer stem cells) and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). Results Emax, Emean and Esd of the cross section were higher than those of the longitudinal section. Breast cancer with a higher elastic modulus was often accompanied by a hyperechoic halo, which was manifested as mixed echo and post-echo attenuation, and was accompanied by a higher BI-RADS (breast imaging reporting and data system) classification. When breast cancer had hyperechoic halo and weakened posterior echo, SWE of the lesion showed more obvious anisotropy. In addition, larger diameter of the longitudinal section indicated higher stiffness of the cross section. Correlation analysis showed that E-cadherin was negatively correlated with SWE in longitudinal section. CD44, N-cadherin, β-catenin were positively correlated with SWE in longitudinal and cross sections. Vimentin and CD24 had no correlation with SWE parameters. Conclusion SWE of breast cancer is anisotropic. The cross-sectional SWE is better than the longitudinal SWE, Emax is better than Emean, the anisotropy of SWE is better than SWE, and the anisotropy factor is better than the anisotropy difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Leng
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Rexida Japaer
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Mila Yeerlan
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China. .,School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Molecular aspects of pancreatic cancer: focus on reprogrammed metabolism in a nutrient-deficient environment and potential therapeutic targets. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:258-263. [PMID: 34764796 PMCID: PMC8568029 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still burdened with high mortality (5-year survival rate < 9%) due to late diagnosis, aggressiveness, and a lack of more effective treatment methods. Early diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches based on the reprogrammed metabolism of the tumor in a nutrient-deficient environment are expected to improve the future treatment of PDAC patients. Research results suggest that genetic and metabolic disorders may precede the onset of neoplastic changes, which should allow for earlier appropriate treatment. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis are the most investigated pathways associated with the highest aggressiveness of pancreatic tumors. Blocking of selected metabolic pathways related to the local adaptive metabolic activity of pancreatic cancer cells improving nutrient acquisition and metabolic crosstalk within the microenvironment to sustain proliferation may inhibit cancer development, increase cancer cells death, and increase sensitivity to other forms of treatment (e.g., chemotherapy). Depriving cancer cells of important nutrients (glucose, glutamine) revealed tumor “checkpoints” for the mechanisms that drive cell proliferation and metastasis formation in order to determine its accuracy for individualization of the therapeutic approach. The present review highlights selected metabolic signaling pathways and their regulators aimed at inhibiting the neoplastic process. Particular attention has been paid to the adaptive metabolism of pancreatic cancer, which promotes its development in an oxygen-deficient and nutrient-poor environment.
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Mahajan V, Beck T, Gregorczyk P, Ruland A, Alberti S, Guck J, Werner C, Schlüßler R, Taubenberger AV. Mapping Tumor Spheroid Mechanics in Dependence of 3D Microenvironment Stiffness and Degradability by Brillouin Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5549. [PMID: 34771711 PMCID: PMC8583550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered biophysical properties of cancer cells and of their microenvironment contribute to cancer progression. While the relationship between microenvironmental stiffness and cancer cell mechanical properties and responses has been previously studied using two-dimensional (2D) systems, much less is known about it in a physiologically more relevant 3D context and in particular for multicellular systems. To investigate the influence of microenvironment stiffness on tumor spheroid mechanics, we first generated MCF-7 tumor spheroids within matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable 3D polyethylene glycol (PEG)-heparin hydrogels, where spheroids showed reduced growth in stiffer hydrogels. We then quantitatively mapped the mechanical properties of tumor spheroids in situ using Brillouin microscopy. Maps acquired for tumor spheroids grown within stiff hydrogels showed elevated Brillouin frequency shifts (hence increased longitudinal elastic moduli) with increasing hydrogel stiffness. Maps furthermore revealed spatial variations of the mechanical properties across the spheroids' cross-sections. When hydrogel degradability was blocked, comparable Brillouin frequency shifts of the MCF-7 spheroids were found in both compliant and stiff hydrogels, along with similar levels of growth-induced compressive stress. Under low compressive stress, single cells or free multicellular aggregates showed consistently lower Brillouin frequency shifts compared to spheroids growing within hydrogels. Thus, the spheroids' mechanical properties were modulated by matrix stiffness and degradability as well as multicellularity, and also to the associated level of compressive stress felt by tumor spheroids. Spheroids generated from a panel of invasive breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines within degradable stiff hydrogels, showed higher Brillouin frequency shifts and less cell invasion compared to those in compliant hydrogels. Taken together, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between cancer cells and microenvironment mechanics and degradability, which is relevant to better understand cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Mahajan
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Timon Beck
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Paulina Gregorczyk
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - André Ruland
- Max Bergmann Center, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Simon Alberti
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Carsten Werner
- Max Bergmann Center, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Anna Verena Taubenberger
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
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84
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Lamb MC, Kaluarachchi CP, Lansakara TI, Mellentine SQ, Lan Y, Tivanski AV, Tootle TL. Fascin limits Myosin activity within Drosophila border cells to control substrate stiffness and promote migration. eLife 2021; 10:69836. [PMID: 34698017 PMCID: PMC8547955 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A key regulator of collective cell migrations, which drive development and cancer metastasis, is substrate stiffness. Increased substrate stiffness promotes migration and is controlled by Myosin. Using Drosophila border cell migration as a model of collective cell migration, we identify, for the first time, that the actin bundling protein Fascin limits Myosin activity in vivo. Loss of Fascin results in: increased activated Myosin on the border cells and their substrate, the nurse cells; decreased border cell Myosin dynamics; and increased nurse cell stiffness as measured by atomic force microscopy. Reducing Myosin restores on-time border cell migration in fascin mutant follicles. Further, Fascin’s actin bundling activity is required to limit Myosin activation. Surprisingly, we find that Fascin regulates Myosin activity in the border cells to control nurse cell stiffness to promote migration. Thus, these data shift the paradigm from a substrate stiffness-centric model of regulating migration, to uncover that collectively migrating cells play a critical role in controlling the mechanical properties of their substrate in order to promote their own migration. This understudied means of mechanical regulation of migration is likely conserved across contexts and organisms, as Fascin and Myosin are common regulators of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen C Lamb
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | | | | | - Samuel Q Mellentine
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Yiling Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Tina L Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
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85
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Buhrmann C, Kunnumakkara AB, Kumar A, Samec M, Kubatka P, Aggarwal BB, Shakibaei M. Multitargeting Effects of Calebin A on Malignancy of CRC Cells in Multicellular Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:650603. [PMID: 34660256 PMCID: PMC8511772 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.650603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor microenvironment (TME) provides the essential prerequisite niche for promoting cancer progression and metastasis. Calebin A, a component of Curcuma longa, has long been investigated as a safe multitargeted agent with antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the multicellular-TME-induced malignancy and the antitumorigenic potential of Calebin A on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in 3D-alginate cultures are not yet understood, and more in-depth research is needed. Methods 3D-alginate tumor cultures (HCT116 cells) in the multicellular proinflammatory TME (fibroblast cells/T lymphocytes), tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β)-TME (fibroblast cells/TNF-β) were treated with/without Calebin A to address the pleiotropic actions of Calebin A in the CRC. Results We found that Calebin A downmodulated proliferation, vitality, and migration of HCT116 cells in 3D-alginate cultures in multicellular proinflammatory TME or TNF-β-TME. In addition, Calebin A suppressed TNF-β-, similar to multicellular-TME-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in a concentration-dependent manner. NF-κB-promoting proinflammatory mediators, associated with tumor growth and antiapoptotic molecules (i.e.,MMP-9, CXCR4, Ki-67, β1-integrin, and Caspase-3) and its translocation to the nucleus in HCT116 cells, were increased in both TME cultures. The multicellular-TME cultures further induced the survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs) (upregulation of CD133, CD44, and ALDH1). Last but not the least, Calebin A suppressed multicellular-, similar to TNF-β-TME-induced rigorous upregulation of NF-κB phosphorylation, various NF-κB-regulated gene products, CSCs activation, and survival in 3D-alginate tumor cultures. Conclusions The downmodulation of multicellular proinflammatory-, similar to TNF-β-TME-induced CRC proliferation, survival, and migration by the multitargeting agent Calebin A could be a new therapeutic strategy to suppress inflammation and CRC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Buhrmann
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & Department of Biotechnology-National institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (DBT-AIST) International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & Department of Biotechnology-National institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (DBT-AIST) International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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86
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Paumann-Page M, Kienzl NF, Motwani J, Bathish B, Paton LN, Magon NJ, Sevcnikar B, Furtmüller PG, Traxlmayr MW, Obinger C, Eccles MR, Winterbourn CC. Peroxidasin protein expression and enzymatic activity in metastatic melanoma cell lines are associated with invasive potential. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102090. [PMID: 34438259 PMCID: PMC8390535 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidasin, a heme peroxidase, has been shown to play a role in cancer progression. mRNA expression has been reported to be upregulated in metastatic melanoma cell lines and connected to the invasive phenotype, but little is known about how peroxidasin acts in cancer cells. We have analyzed peroxidasin protein expression and activity in eight metastatic melanoma cell lines using an ELISA developed with an in-house peroxidasin binding protein. RNAseq data analysis confirmed high peroxidasin mRNA expression in the five cell lines classified as invasive and low expression in the three non-invasive cell lines. Protein levels of peroxidasin were higher in the cell lines with an invasive phenotype. Active peroxidasin was secreted to the cell culture medium, where it accumulated over time, and peroxidasin protein levels in the medium were also much higher in invasive than non-invasive cell lines. The only well-established physiological role of peroxidasin is in the formation of a sulfilimine bond, which cross-links collagen IV in basement membranes via catalyzed oxidation of bromide to hypobromous acid. We found that peroxidasin secreted from melanoma cells formed sulfilimine bonds in uncross-linked collagen IV, confirming peroxidasin activity and hypobromous acid formation. Moreover, 3-bromotyrosine, a stable product of hypobromous acid reacting with tyrosine residues, was detected in invasive melanoma cells, substantiating that their expression of peroxidasin generates hypobromous acid, and showing that it does not exclusively react with collagen IV, but also with other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paumann-Page
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Nikolaus F Kienzl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jyoti Motwani
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Boushra Bathish
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louise N Paton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Sevcnikar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael W Traxlmayr
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mike R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
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87
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Martinez-Vidal L, Murdica V, Venegoni C, Pederzoli F, Bandini M, Necchi A, Salonia A, Alfano M. Causal contributors to tissue stiffness and clinical relevance in urology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1011. [PMID: 34446834 PMCID: PMC8390675 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanomedicine is an emerging field focused on characterizing mechanical changes in cells and tissues coupled with a specific disease. Understanding the mechanical cues that drive disease progression, and whether tissue stiffening can precede disease development, is crucial in order to define new mechanical biomarkers to improve and develop diagnostic and prognostic tools. Classically known stromal regulators, such as fibroblasts, and more recently acknowledged factors such as the microbiome and extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in modifications to the stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM). These modifications ultimately lead to an alteration of the mechanical properties (stiffness) of the tissue, contributing to disease onset and progression. We describe here classic and emerging mediators of ECM remodeling, and discuss state-of-the-art studies characterizing mechanical fingerprints of urological diseases, showing a general trend between increased tissue stiffness and severity of disease. Finally, we point to the clinical potential of tissue stiffness as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in the urological field, as well as a possible target for new innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Vidal
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Murdica
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Venegoni
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Salonia
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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88
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Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process where normal cells become transformed, grow, and may disseminate to establish new lesions within the body. In recent years, the physical properties of individual cells and the tissue microenvironment have been shown to be potent determinants of cancer progression. Biophysical tools have long been used to examine cell and tissue mechanics, morphology, and migration. However, exciting developments have linked these physical traits to gene expression changes that drive metastatic seeding, organ selectivity, and tumor growth. Here, we present some vignettes to address recent studies to show progress in harnessing biophysical tools and concepts to gain insights into metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Young So
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tang LJW, Zaseela A, Toh CCM, Adine C, Aydar AO, Iyer NG, Fong ELS. Engineering stromal heterogeneity in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113817. [PMID: 34087326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on our exponentially increasing knowledge of stromal heterogeneity from advances in single-cell technologies, the notion that stromal cell types exist as a spectrum of unique subpopulations that have specific functions and spatial distributions in the tumor microenvironment has significant impact on tumor modeling for drug development and personalized drug testing. In this Review, we discuss the importance of incorporating stromal heterogeneity and tumor architecture, and propose an overall approach to guide the reconstruction of stromal heterogeneity in vitro for tumor modeling. These next-generation tumor models may support the development of more precise drugs targeting specific stromal cell subpopulations, as well as enable improved recapitulation of patient tumors in vitro for personalized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jia Wei Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayshath Zaseela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Christabella Adine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abdullah Omer Aydar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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90
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CXCL13 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:71-90. [PMID: 34286442 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines have emerged as important players in tumorigenic process. An extensive body of literature generated over the last two or three decades strongly implicate abnormally activated or functionally disrupted chemokine signaling in liaising most-if not all-hallmark processes of cancer. It is well-known that chemokine signaling networks within the tumor microenvironment are highly versatile and context-dependent: exert both pro-tumoral and antitumoral activities. The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), and its cognate receptor CXCR5, represents an emerging example of chemokine signaling axes, which express the ability to modulate tumor growth and progression in either way. Collateral evidence indicate that CXCL13-CXCR5 axis may directly modulate tumor growth by inducing proliferation of cancer cells, as well as promoting invasive phenotypes and preventing their apoptosis. In addition, CXCL13-CXCR5 axis may also indirectly modulate tumor growth by regulating noncancerous cells, particularly the immune cells, within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the role of CXCL13, together with CXCR5, in the human tumor microenvironment. We first elaborate their patterns of expression, regulation, and biological functions in normal physiology. We then consider how their aberrant activity, as a result of differential overexpression or co-expression, may directly or indirectly modulate the growth of tumors through effects on both cancerous and noncancerous cells.
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91
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Ansardamavandi A, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M. The functional cross talk between cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts from a cancer mechanics perspective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119103. [PMID: 34293346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The function of biological tissues in health and disease is regulated at cellular level and is highly influenced by the physical microenvironment, through the interaction of forces between cells and ECM, which are perceived through mechanosensing pathways. In cancer, both chemical and physical signaling cascades and their interactions are involved during cell-cell and cell-ECM communications to meet requirements of tumor growth. Among stroma cells, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play key role in tumor growth and pave the way for cancer cells to initiate metastasis and invasion to other tissues, and without recruitment of CAFs, the process of cancer invasion is dysfunctional. This is through an intense chemical and physical cross talks with tumor cells, and interactive remodeling of ECM. During such interaction CAFs apply traction forces and depending on the mechanical properties, deform ECM and in return receive physical signals from the micromechanical environment. Such interaction leads to ECM remodeling by manipulating ECM structure and its mechanical properties. The results are in form of deposition of extra fibers, stiffening, rearrangement and reorganization of fibrous structure, and degradation which are due to a complex secretion and expression of different markers triggered by mechanosensing of tumor cells, specially CAFs. Such events define cancer progress and invasion of cancer cells. A systemic knowledge of chemical and physical factors provides a holistic view of how cancer process and enhances the current treatment methods to provide more diversity among targets that involves tumor cells and ECM structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Ansardamavandi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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92
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Kärki T, Tojkander S. TRPV Protein Family-From Mechanosensing to Cancer Invasion. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1019. [PMID: 34356643 PMCID: PMC8301805 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues from the cellular microenvironment are detected by mechanosensitive machineries that translate physical signals into biochemical signaling cascades. At the crossroads of extracellular space and cell interior are located several ion channel families, including TRP family proteins, that are triggered by mechanical stimuli and drive intracellular signaling pathways through spatio-temporally controlled Ca2+-influx. Mechanosensitive Ca2+-channels, therefore, act as critical components in the rapid transmission of physical signals into biologically compatible information to impact crucial processes during development, morphogenesis and regeneration. Given the mechanosensitive nature of many of the TRP family channels, they must also respond to the biophysical changes along the development of several pathophysiological conditions and have also been linked to cancer progression. In this review, we will focus on the TRPV, vanilloid family of TRP proteins, and their connection to cancer progression through their mechanosensitive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti Kärki
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Section of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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93
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Nerve growth factor orchestrates NGAL and matrix metalloproteinases activity to promote colorectal cancer metastasis. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:34-47. [PMID: 34255268 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one most cancer type of high incidence and high mortality rate. Metastasis play an important role in survival rate and life quality of colorectal cancer patients. Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to be involved in the metastasis and deterioration in many cancers, but the detail mechanisms in promoting the metastasis of colorectal cancer remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of NGF promoting colorectal cancer metastasis to provide new insights for developing NGF anti-colorectal cancer drugs. METHODS We examined the expression of NGF in human colorectal cancer by immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot to evaluate the relationship between NGF and colorectal cancer metastasis. Using biochemical experiments including wound healing assay, transwell migration and invasion assay, RT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA to explore the relative mechanism of NGF promoting colorectal cancer cells metastasis in vivo. RESULTS Our results found that the high expression of NGF was related with high incidence of metastasis. The binding of NGF to TrkA phosphorylated TrkA, which activated MAPK/Erk signaling pathway increasing the expression NGAL to enhance the activity of MMP2 and MMP9, promoted colorectal cancer metastasis. CONCLUSION Our finding demonstrated that NGF increased NGAL expression to enhance MMPs activity to promoted colorectal cancer cell metastasis by TrkA-MAPK/Erk axis.
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94
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Emon MAB, Knoll S, Doha U, Ladehoff L, Lalonde L, Baietto D, Sivaguru M, Bhargava R, Saif MTA. Dose- independent threshold illumination for non-invasive time-lapse fluorescence imaging of live cells. EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS 2021; 46:101249. [PMID: 34095408 PMCID: PMC8171180 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2021.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent microscopy employs monochromatic light for excitation, which can adversely affect the cells being observed. We reported earlier that fibroblasts relax their contractile force in response to green light of typical intensity. Here we show that such effects are independent of extracellular matrix and cell lines. In addition, we establish a threshold intensity that elicits minimal or no adverse effect on cell contractility even for long-time exposure. This threshold intensity is wavelength dependent. We cultured fibroblasts on soft 2D elastic hydrogels embedded with fluorescent beads to trace substrate deformation and cell forces. The beads move towards cell center when cells contract, but they move away when cells relax. We use relaxation/contraction ratio (λ r), in addition to traction force, as measures of cell response to red (wavelength, λ=635-650 nm), green (λ=545-580 nm) and blue (λ=455-490 nm) lights with varying intensities. Our results suggest that intensities below 57, 31 and 3.5 W/m2 for red, green and blue lights, respectively, do not perturb force homeostasis. To our knowledge, these intensities are the lowest reported safe thresholds, implying that cell traction is a highly sensitive readout of the effect of light on cells. Most importantly, we find these threshold intensities to be dose-independent; i.e., safe regardless of the energy dosage or time of exposure. Conversely, higher intensities result in widespread force-relaxation in cells with λ r > 1. Furthermore, we present a photo-reaction based model that simulates photo-toxicity and predicts threshold intensity for different wavelengths within the visible spectra. In conclusion, we recommend employing illumination intensities below aforementioned wavelength-specific thresholds for time-lapse imaging of cells and tissues in order to avoid light-induced artifacts in experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bashar Emon
- Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Samantha Knoll
- Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Umnia Doha
- Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Lauren Ladehoff
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Luke Lalonde
- Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Danielle Baietto
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Carle Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - M Taher A Saif
- Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Corresponding author: M Taher A Saif, Gutgsell Professor, Associate Head for Graduate Programs and Research, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Research Professor, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2101D Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, 105 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, , Tel: 217-333-8552, Fax: 217-244-6534, http://saif.mechse.illinois.edu/
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95
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Sznurkowska MK, Aceto N. The gate to metastasis: key players in cancer cell intravasation. FEBS J 2021; 289:4336-4354. [PMID: 34077633 PMCID: PMC9546053 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a leading cause of cancer‐related death and consists of a sequence of events including tumor expansion, intravasation of cancer cells into the circulation, survival in the bloodstream, extravasation at distant sites, and subsequent organ colonization. Particularly, intravasation is a process whereby cancer cells transverse the endothelium and leave the primary tumor site, pioneering the metastatic cascade. The identification of those mechanisms that trigger the entry of cancer cells into the bloodstream may reveal fundamentally novel ways to block metastasis at its start. Multiple factors have been implicated in cancer progression, yet, signals that unequivocally provoke the detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor are still under investigation. Here, we discuss the role of intrinsic properties of cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and mechanical cues in the intravasation process, outlining studies that suggest the involvement of various factors and highlighting current understanding and open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
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96
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Ko P, Choi JH, Song S, Keum S, Jeong J, Hwang YE, Kim JW, Rhee S. Microtubule Acetylation Controls MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Invasion through the Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116018. [PMID: 34199510 PMCID: PMC8199658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During aggressive cancer progression, cancer cells adapt to unique microenvironments by withstanding various cellular stresses, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the mechanism whereby cancer cells overcome the ER stress to survive remains to be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that microtubule acetylation in cancer cells grown on a stiff matrix promotes cancer progression by preventing excessive ER stress. Downregulation of microtubule acetylation using shRNA or CRSIPR/Cas9 techniques targeting ATAT1, which encodes α-tubulin N-acetyltransferase (αTAT1), resulted in the upregulation of ER stress markers, changes in ER morphology, and enhanced tunicamycin-induced UPR signaling in cancer cells. A set of genes involved in cancer progression, especially focal adhesion genes, were downregulated in both ATAT1-knockout and tunicamycin-treated cells, whereas ATAT1 overexpression restored the gene expression inhibited by tunicamycin. Finally, the expression of ATAT1 and ER stress marker genes were negatively correlated in various breast cancer types. Taken together, our results suggest that disruption of microtubule acetylation is a potent therapeutic tool for preventing breast cancer progression through the upregulation of ER stress. Moreover, ATAT1 and ER stress marker genes may be useful diagnostic markers in various breast cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sangmyung Rhee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5818; Fax: +82-2-825-5206
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97
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Almela T, Tayebi L, Moharamzadeh K. 3D Bioprinting for In Vitro Models of Oral Cancer: Toward Development and Validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 22. [PMID: 34368488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of oral carcinomas has highly complex contents and a dynamic nature which is difficult to study using oversimplified two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems. By contrast, three dimensional (3D) in vitro models such as spheroids, organoids, and scaffold-based constructs have been able to replicate tumors three-dimensionality and have allowed a better understanding of the role of various microenvironmental cues in the initiation and progression of cancer. However, the heterogeneity of TME cannot be fully reproduced by these traditional tissue engineering strategies since they are unable to control the organization of multiple cell types in a complex architecture. 3D bioprinting is an emerging field that can be leveraged to produce biomimetic and complex tissue structures. Bioprinting allows for controllable and precise placement of multicomponent bioinks composed of multiple biomaterials, different types of cells, and soluble factors according to the natural compartments of the target tissue, aiming to reproduce the equivalent of the complex tissue. As such, 3D bioprinting provides a unique opportunity to fabricate in vitro tumor models with a complexity similar to that of the in vivo oral carcinoma. This will facilitate a thorough investigation of cellular physiology, cancer progression, and anti-cancer drug screening with unprecedented control and reproducibility. In this review, we discuss the role of 3D bioprinting in reconstituting oral cancer, the prospects of application to fill the literature gap, and the challenges that need to be addressed in order to exploit this emerging technology for future work in oral cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thafar Almela
- College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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98
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Atcha H, Jairaman A, Holt JR, Meli VS, Nagalla RR, Veerasubramanian PK, Brumm KT, Lim HE, Othy S, Cahalan MD, Pathak MM, Liu WF. Mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1 modulates macrophage polarization and stiffness sensing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3256. [PMID: 34059671 PMCID: PMC8167181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages perform diverse functions within tissues during immune responses to pathogens and injury, but molecular mechanisms by which physical properties of the tissue regulate macrophage behavior are less well understood. Here, we examine the role of the mechanically activated cation channel Piezo1 in macrophage polarization and sensing of microenvironmental stiffness. We show that macrophages lacking Piezo1 exhibit reduced inflammation and enhanced wound healing responses. Additionally, macrophages expressing the transgenic Ca2+ reporter, Salsa6f, reveal that Ca2+ influx is dependent on Piezo1, modulated by soluble signals, and enhanced on stiff substrates. Furthermore, stiffness-dependent changes in macrophage function, both in vitro and in response to subcutaneous implantation of biomaterials in vivo, require Piezo1. Finally, we show that positive feedback between Piezo1 and actin drives macrophage activation. Together, our studies reveal that Piezo1 is a mechanosensor of stiffness in macrophages, and that its activity modulates polarization responses. Macrophages perform diverse functions during immune responses, but the molecular mechanisms by which physical properties of the tissue regulate macrophage behavior remain unknown. Here the authors find that Piezo1 is a mechanosensor of stiffness, and that its activity modulates macrophage polarization responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Atcha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Jesse R Holt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Raji R Nagalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Praveen Krishna Veerasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Kyle T Brumm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Huy E Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Medha M Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Wendy F Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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99
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Monteiro MV, Gaspar VM, Mendes L, Duarte IF, Mano JF. Stratified 3D Microtumors as Organotypic Testing Platforms for Screening Pancreatic Cancer Therapies. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001207. [PMID: 34928079 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated pancreatic stellate cells installed in periacinar/periductal regions are master players in generating the characteristic biophysical shield found in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recreating this unique PDAC stromal architecture and its desmoplastic microenvironment in vitro is key to discover innovative treatments. However, this still remains highly challenging to realize. Herein, organotypic 3D microtumors that recapitulate PDAC-stroma spatial bioarchitecture, as well as its biomolecular, metabolic, and desmoplastic signatures, are bioengineered. Such newly engineered platforms, termed stratified microenvironment spheroid models - STAMS - mimic the spatial stratification of cancer-stromal cells, exhibit a reproducible morphology and sub-millimeter size. In culture, 3D STAMS secrete the key molecular biomarkers found in human pancreatic cancer, namely TGF-β, FGF-2, IL-1β, and MMP-9, among others. This is accompanied by an extensive desmoplastic reaction where collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) de novo deposition is observed. These stratified models also recapitulate the resistance to various chemotherapeutics when compared to standard cancer-stroma random 3D models. Therapeutics resistance is further evidenced upon STAMS inclusion in a tumor extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic hydrogel matrix, reinforcing the importance of mimicking PDAC-stroma bioarchitectural features in vitro. The 3D STAMS technology represents a next generation of biomimetic testing platforms with improved potential for advancing high-throughput screening and preclinical validation of innovative pancreatic cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Luís Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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100
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Jani VP, Asaro R, Oronsky B, Cabrales P. RRx-001 Increases Erythrocyte Preferential Adhesion to the Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094713. [PMID: 33946824 PMCID: PMC8124275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) serve a variety of functions beyond mere oxygen transport both in health and pathology. Notably, RRx-001, a minimally toxic pleiotropic anticancer agent with macrophage activating and vascular normalization properties currently in Phase III trials, induces modification to RBCs which could promote vascular adhesion similar to sickle cells. This study assessed whether RBCs exposed to RRx-001 adhere to the tumor microvasculature and whether this adhesion alters tumor viability. We next investigated the biomechanics of RBC adhesion in the context of local inflammatory cytokines after treatment with RRx-001 as a potential mechanism for preferential tumor aggregation. Human HEP-G2 and HT-29 tumor cells were subcutaneously implanted into nu/nu mice and were infused with RRx-001-treated and Technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled blood. RBC adhesion was quantified in an in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) assay under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions with administration of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) to mimic the known inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. One hour following administration of 99mTc labeled RBCs treated with 10 mg/kg RRx-001, we observed an approximate 2.0-fold and 1.5-fold increase in 99mTc-labeled RBCs compared to vehicle control in HEPG2 and HT-29 tumor models, respectively. Furthermore, we observed an approximate 40% and 36% decrease in HEP-G2 and HT-29 tumor weight, respectively, following treatment with RRx-001. To quantify RBC adhesive potential, we determined τ50, or the shear stress required for 50% disassociation of RBCs from HUVECs. After administration of TNF-α under normoxia, τ50 was determined to be 4.5 dynes/cm2 (95% CI: 4.3-4.7 dynes/cm2) for RBCs treated with 10 μM RRx-001, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from τ50 in the absence of treatment. Under hypoxic conditions, the difference of τ50 with (4.8 dynes/cm2; 95% CI: 4.6-5.1 dynes/cm2) and without (2.6 dynes/cm2; 95% CI: 2.4-2.8 dynes/cm2) 10 μM RRx-001 treatment was exacerbated (p = 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that RBCs treated with RRx-001 preferentially aggregate in HEP-G2 and HT-29 tumors, likely due to interactions between RRx-001 and cysteine residues within RBCs. Furthermore, RRx-001 treated RBCs demonstrated increased adhesive potential to endothelial cells upon introduction of TNF-α and hypoxia suggesting that RRx-001 may induce preferential adhesion in the tumor but not in other tissues with endothelial dysfunction due to conditions prevalent in older cancer patients such as heart disease or diabetic vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay P. Jani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Robert Asaro
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Bryan Oronsky
- EpicentRx Inc., 4445 Eastgate Mall, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-534-5847
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