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Wen S, Prasad A, Freeland K, Podury S, Patel J, Subedi R, Khan E, Tandon M, Kataria S, Kimble W, Sriwastava S. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in West Virginia. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050835. [PMID: 34063160 PMCID: PMC8148202 DOI: 10.3390/v13050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the clinical characteristics, outcomes and types of management in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, in the hospitals affiliated with West Virginia University. We included patients from West Virginia with SARS-CoV-2 infection between 15 April to 30 December 2020. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize the characteristics of patients. Regression analyses were performed to assess the association between baseline characteristics and outcomes. Of 1742 patients, the mean age was 47.5 years (±22.7) and 54% of patients were female. Only 459 patients (26.3%) reported at least one baseline symptom, of which shortness of breath was most common. More than half had at least one comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common. There were 131 severe cases (7.5%), and 84 patients (4.8%) died despite treatment. The mean overall length of hospital stay was 2.6 days (±6.9). Age, male sex, and comorbidities were independent predictors of outcomes. In this study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection from West Virginia, older patients with underlying co-morbidities had poor outcomes, and the in-hospital mortality was similar to the national average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (S.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Apoorv Prasad
- Berkeley Medical Center, Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 25401, USA;
| | - Kerri Freeland
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (S.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Sanjiti Podury
- Department of Medicine, Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110010, Delhi, India;
| | - Jenil Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75235, USA;
| | - Roshan Subedi
- Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Erum Khan
- Department of Medicine, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad 380016, Gujarat, India;
| | - Medha Tandon
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15215, USA;
| | - Saurabh Kataria
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Wesley Kimble
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
| | - Shitiz Sriwastava
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Peng T. Strategy, Progress, and Challenges of Drug Repurposing for Efficient Antiviral Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660710. [PMID: 34017257 PMCID: PMC8129523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging or re-emerging viruses are still major threats to public health. Prophylactic vaccines represent the most effective way to prevent virus infection; however, antivirals are more promising for those viruses against which vaccines are not effective enough or contemporarily unavailable. Because of the slow pace of novel antiviral discovery, the high disuse rates, and the substantial cost, repurposing of the well-characterized therapeutics, either approved or under investigation, is becoming an attractive strategy to identify the new directions to treat virus infections. In this review, we described recent progress in identifying broad-spectrum antivirals through drug repurposing. We defined the two major categories of the repurposed antivirals, direct-acting repurposed antivirals (DARA) and host-targeting repurposed antivirals (HTRA). Under each category, we summarized repurposed antivirals with potential broad-spectrum activity against a variety of viruses and discussed the possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we proposed the potential investigative directions of drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients: a living systematic review and meta-analysis, first update. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1076-1082. [PMID: 33915284 PMCID: PMC8076756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Cytokine release syndrome with elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels is associated with multiorgan damage and death in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our objective was to update the data in a living systematic review of the literature concerning the efficacy and toxicity of the IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients. Methods Data sources were Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Scopus up, preprint servers and Google from 8th October 2020 till 24th February 2021. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies at low or moderate risk of bias. The participants were hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and intervention was tocilizumab versus placebo or standard of care. We pooled crude risk ratios (RRs) of RCTs with a random effects model and evaluated inconsistency between studies with I2. We assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Results Of 1600 citations, eight RCTs and 28 cohorts were eligible. The eight RCTs had low risk of bias, and with 6311 patients they examined the effect of tocilizumab on short-term mortality; pooled RR was 0.91 (95%CI 0.78–1.07, I2 25%). Only the REMAP-CAP and RECOVERY trials, with the majority of their patients on concomitant corticosteroids, showed lower 30-day mortality with tocilizumab use: RR 0.74 (95%CI 0.59–0.93) and 0.89 (95%CI 0.81–0.97), respectively. Seven RCTs, with 5391 patients, examined the effect of tocilizumab on risk of mechanical ventilation; pooled RR was 0.84 (95%CI 0.76–0.93), I2 0%, with a corresponding number needed to treat of 20 (95%CI 14.3–33.3). Eight RCTs, with 5340 patients, examined the effect of tocilizumab on a composite of poor outcome; pooled RR was 0.82 (95%CI 0.76–0.90, I2 3%). Data from the RCTs showed a lower risk of infections and no higher risk of serious adverse events with tocilizumab: pooled RR 0.67 (95%CI 0.45–0.99, eight RCTs) and 0.85 (95%CI 0.63–1.16, seven RCTs), respectively. Among 28 cohorts with 15 484 patients, the pooled adjusted RR for mortality was 0.53 (95%CI 0.43–0.67, I2 76%). Conclusions Cumulative high-certainty evidence shows that tocilizumab reduces the risk of mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Moderate-certainty evidence shows that tocilizumab reduces the risk of poor outcome and the risk of secondary infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This review will continuously evaluate the role of tocilizumab in COVID-19 treatment.
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Drug repurposing screens reveal cell-type-specific entry pathways and FDA-approved drugs active against SARS-Cov-2. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108959. [PMID: 33811811 PMCID: PMC7985926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for antivirals to treat the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To identify new candidates, we screen a repurposing library of ∼3,000 drugs. Screening in Vero cells finds few antivirals, while screening in human Huh7.5 cells validates 23 diverse antiviral drugs. Extending our studies to lung epithelial cells, we find that there are major differences in drug sensitivity and entry pathways used by SARS-CoV-2 in these cells. Entry in lung epithelial Calu-3 cells is pH independent and requires TMPRSS2, while entry in Vero and Huh7.5 cells requires low pH and triggering by acid-dependent endosomal proteases. Moreover, we find nine drugs are antiviral in respiratory cells, seven of which have been used in humans, and three are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, including cyclosporine. We find that the antiviral activity of cyclosporine is targeting Cyclophilin rather than calcineurin, revealing essential host targets that have the potential for rapid clinical implementation.
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Prasad K, Ahamad S, Kanipakam H, Gupta D, Kumar V. Simultaneous Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Pathways by Cyclosporine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:930-944. [PMID: 33606519 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 represents a global public health emergency. The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells requires the activation of its spike protein by host cell proteases. The serine protease, TMPRSS2, and cysteine proteases, Cathepsins B/L, activate spike protein and enable SARS-CoV-2 entry to the host cell through two completely different and independent pathways. Therefore, inhibiting either TMPRSS2 or cathepsin B/L may not sufficiently block the virus entry. We here hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of both the entry pathways would be more efficient to block the virus entry rather than targeting the entry pathways individually. To this end, we utilized the network-based drug repurposing analyses to identify the possible common drugs that can target both the entry pathways. This study, for the first time, reports the molecules like cyclosporine, calcitriol, and estradiol as candidate drugs with the binding ability to the host proteases, TMPRSS2, and cathepsin B/L. Next, we analyzed drug-gene and gene-gene interaction networks using 332 human targets of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The network results indicate that, out of 332 human proteins, cyclosporine interacts with 216 (65%) proteins. Furthermore, we performed molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the binding of drug with TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L. The molecular docking and MD simulation results showed strong and stable binding of cyclosporine A (CsA) with TMPRSS2 and CTSL genes. The above results indicate cyclosporine as a potential drug molecule, as apart from interacting with SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors, it also interacts with most of SARS-CoV-2 target host genes; thus it could potentially interfere with functions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells. We here also suggest that these antiviral drugs alone or in combination can simultaneously target both the entry pathways and thus can be considered as a potential treatment option for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikay Prasad
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, UP 201303, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Hema Kanipakam
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, UP 201303, India
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AlBahrani S, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alshaer AR, Shilash A, Alswefy K, Al-Zayer RS, Abouelela AM. A Case Series of Severe Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Treated with Tocilizumab and Glucocorticoids: A Report from Saudi Arabian Hospital. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:233-237. [PMID: 33605118 PMCID: PMC8242122 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.210112.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is variable and ranges from asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, moderately severe and severe disease. A small proportion might develop severe disease and may have cytokine storm. One of the therapeutic options to treat such cases is Tocilizumab (TCZ). In this study, we present cases of severe COVID-19 treated with TCZ and glucocorticoids and discuss the treatment responses. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of severe COVID-19 cases treated with TCZ and glucocorticoids. The case series examined the characteristics and outcome of those patients. Results: This study included 40 Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) confirmed patients who received TCZ and glucocorticoids. The mean age of the included patients was 57.55 (±Standard deviation 12.86) years. There were 34 (85%) males, 19 (47.5%) were obese (BMI >30), 13 (32.5%) over weight, and five (12.5%) normal weight. The mean days from positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to admission was 1.641 (±3.2) days. Of the patients, 18 (45%) had diabetes mellitus, 14 (35%) had hypertension. The mean days from hospital admission to ICU was 1.8 (±2.6), 20 (50%) required mechanical ventilation, 39 (97.5%) had received prone position, seven (17.5%) had renal replacement therapy, 13 (32.5%) required inotropes, four (10%) had plasmapheresis, one (2.5%) had intravenous immunoglobulin, all patients received steroid therapy, and the majority 31 (77.5%) did not receive any anti-viral therapy. Of all the patients, six (15%) died, 28 (70%) were discharged and six (15%) were still in hospital. Conclusion: The overall mortality rate was lower than those cited in meta-analysis. As our understanding of the COVID-19 continues, the approach and therapeutics are also evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Amal Shilash
- King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alswefy
- King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Chen CX, Hu F, Wei J, Yuan LT, Wen TM, Gale RP, Liang Y. Systematic review and meta-analysis of tocilizumab in persons with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Leukemia 2021; 35:1661-1670. [PMID: 34002026 PMCID: PMC8127467 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to determine safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in persons with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Medline using Boolean operators for studies with the terms coronavirus OR COVID-19 OR 2019-nCoV OR SARS-CoV-2 AND tocilizumab. Review Manager 5.4 was used to analyze data and the modified Newcastle-Ottawa and Jadad scales for quality assessment. We identified 32 studies in 11,487 subjects including three randomized trials and 29 cohort studies with a comparator cohort, including historical controls (N = 5), a matched cohort (N = 12), or concurrent controls (N = 12). Overall, tocilizumab decreased risk of death (Relative Risk [RR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59, 0.93; P = 0.008; I2 = 80%) but not of surrogate endpoints including ICU admission (RR = 1.40 [0.64,3.06]; P = 0.4; I2 = 88%), invasive mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.83 [0.57,1.22]; P = 0.34; I2 = 65%) or secondary infections (RR = 1.30 [0.97,1.74]; P = 0.08; I2 = 65%) and increased interval of hospitalization of subjects discharged alive(mean difference [MD] = 2 days [<1, 4 days]; P = 0.006; I2 = 0). RRs of death in studies with historical controls (RR = 0.28 [0.16,0.49; P < 0.001]; I2 = 62%) or a matched cohort (RR = 0.68 [0.53, 0.87]; P = 0.002; I2 = 42%) were decreased. In contrast, RRs of death in studies with a concurrent control (RR = 1.10 [0.77, 1.56]; P = 0.60; I2 = 85%) or randomized (RR = 1.18 [0.57,2.44]; P = 0.66; I2 = 0) were not decreased. A reduced risk of death was not confirmed in our analyses which questions safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in persons with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-xiang Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ,grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of ICU, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Hu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wei
- grid.413387.a0000 0004 1758 177XDepartment of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan China
| | - Le-tao Yuan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-meng Wen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Haematology Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yang Liang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Carro B. SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of action and impact on human organism, risk factors and potential treatments. An exhaustive survey. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1977186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Carro
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Schuurmans MM, Hage R. Cyclosporine A and COVID-19 - The COQUIMA cohort. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 31:100680. [PMID: 33385129 PMCID: PMC7772530 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Macé M. Schuurmans
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Pulmonology, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Hage
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Pulmonology, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sánchez-Pernaute O. Cyclosporine A and COVID19 - The COQUIMA cohort. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 31:100679. [PMID: 33385128 PMCID: PMC7772535 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Accinelli RA, Ynga-Meléndez GJ, León-Abarca JA, López LM, Madrid-Cisneros JC, Mendoza-Saldaña JD. Hydroxychloroquine / azithromycin in COVID-19: The association between time to treatment and case fatality rate. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102163. [PMID: 34534686 PMCID: PMC8438859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no formally accepted pharmacological treatment for COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included COVID-19 outpatients of a Peruvian primary care center from Lima, Peru, who were treated between April 30 - September 30, 2020, with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Logistic regression was applied to determine factors associated with case-fatality rate. RESULTS A total of 1265 COVID-19 patients with an average age of 44.5 years were studied. Women represented 50.1% of patients, with an overall 5.9 symptom days, SpO2 97%, temperature of 37.3 °C, 41% with at least one comorbidity and 96.1% one symptom or sign. No patient treated within the first 72 h of illness died. The factors associated with higher case fatality rate were age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.01-1.11, p = 0.021), SpO2 (OR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.96, p = 0.005) and treatment onset (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.06-1.27, p = 0.002), being the latter the only associated in the multivariate analysis (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.05-1.32, p = 0.005). 0.6% of our patients died. CONCLUSIONS The case fatality rate in COVID-19 outpatients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin was associated with the number of days of illness on which treatment was started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alfonso Accinelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Peru.
| | | | | | - Lidia Marianella López
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Boutron I, Chaimani A, Devane D, Meerpohl JJ, Rada G, Hróbjartsson A, Tovey D, Grasselli G, Ravaud P. Interventions for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a living mapping of research and living network meta-analysis. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boutron
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, F-75004; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
| | - Anna Chaimani
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, F-75004; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
| | - Declan Devane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; National University of Ireland Galway; Galway Ireland
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Cochrane Germany; Cochrane Germany Foundation; Freiburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Department of Internal Medicine and Evidence-Based Healthcare Program, Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Asbjørn Hróbjartsson
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO); Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - David Tovey
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, F-75004; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, F-75004; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
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63
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Boutron I, Chaimani A, Devane D, Meerpohl JJ, Rada G, Hróbjartsson A, Tovey D, Grasselli G, Ravaud P. Interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: a living network meta-analysis. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boutron
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, F-75004; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
| | - Anna Chaimani
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, F-75004; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
| | - Declan Devane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; National University of Ireland Galway; Galway Ireland
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Cochrane Germany; Cochrane Germany Foundation; Freiburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Department of Internal Medicine and Evidence-Based Healthcare Program, Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Asbjørn Hróbjartsson
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO); Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - David Tovey
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, F-75004; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, F-75004; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
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