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Budak H, Gonul N, Ceylan H, Kocpinar EF. Impact of long term Fe³⁺ toxicity on expression of glutathione system in rat liver. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:365-370. [PMID: 24388910 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The free radicals within the body, produced by metabolic activities or derived from environmental sources are relatively related to hepatoxicity. Since heavy metals including iron have the ability to produce free radicals, the liver glutathione system neutralizes them to protect cells against any damage. The objective of this study is to indicate the toxic effects of iron on the glutathione system at the enzymatic and molecular level. Thus, any possible correlation between enzymatic and molecular levels can be determined. According to our results, while mRNA expression of glutathione reductase (Gsr) and glutathione S-transferases (Gsta5) genes were not affected by long-term exposure to various concentrations of iron (Fe(3+)), transcription level of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx2) was influenced in the presence of toxic iron. Whereas the enzyme activites of GSR (GR), GPX and GST were significantly affected in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Budak
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Nurdan Gonul
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Enver Fehim Kocpinar
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Dhaini HR, Kobeissi L. Toxicogenetic profile and cancer risk in Lebanese. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:95-125. [PMID: 24627976 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.878679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) were identified among different ethnic groups. Some of these polymorphisms are associated with an increased cancer risk, while others remain equivocal. However, there is sufficient evidence that these associations become significant in populations overexposed to environmental carcinogens. Hence, genetic differences in expression activity of both Phase I and Phase II enzymes may affect cancer risk in exposed populations. In Lebanon, there has been a marked rise in reported cancer incidence since the 1990s. There are also indicators of exposure to unusually high levels of environmental pollutants and carcinogens in the country. This review considers this high cancer incidence by exploring a potential gene-environment model based on available DME polymorphism prevalence, and their impact on bladder, colorectal, prostate, breast, and lung cancer in the Lebanese population. The examined DME include glutathione S-transferases (GST), N-acetyltransferases (NAT), and cytochromes P-450 (CYP). Data suggest that these DME influence bladder cancer risk in the Lebanese population. Evidence indicates that identification of a gene-environment interaction model may help in defining future research priorities and preventive cancer control strategies in this country, particularly for breast and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R Dhaini
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Balamand , Beirut , Lebanon
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Tse G, Eslick GD. Cruciferous vegetables and risk of colorectal neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:128-39. [PMID: 24341734 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.852686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows cruciferous vegetables exhibit chemoprotective properties, commonly attributed to their rich source of isothiocyanates. However, epidemiological data examining the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and colorectal neoplasms have been inconclusive. This meta-analysis examines the epidemiological evidence to characterize the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and risk of developing colorectal neoplasms. Thirty-three articles were included in the meta-analysis after a literature search of electronic databases. Subgroup analysis for individual cruciferae types (n = 8 studies) and GST polymorphism (n = 8 studies) were performed. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing highest and lowest categories of dietary pattern scores were calculated. Results show a statistically significant inverse association between cruciferous vegetable intake and colon cancer [OR = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.98; P value heterogeneity < 0.001]. Broccoli in particular exhibited protective benefits against colorectal (CRC) neoplasms (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65-0.99; P value heterogeneity = 0.02). Stratification by GST genotype reveals that the GSTT1 null genotype confers a reduction in CRC risk (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64-0.95; P value heterogeneity = 0.32). This study provides support to the hypothesis that cruciferous vegetable intake protects against cancer of the colon. This study also demonstrates the significance of gene-diet interactions and the importance of assessing individual cruciferous vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Tse
- a The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre, The Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Nepean , Penrith , New South Wales , Australia
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Qin XP, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Li NN, Chen B, Yang P, Wu XT. Glutathione S-transferase T1 gene polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: an updated analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2013; 37:626-35. [PMID: 23773486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The association between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility is still controversial. In order to clarify the effect of GSTT1 genotype on the CRC risk, we carried out an updated meta-analysis of published case-control studies to provide more precise evidence. METHODS Two investigators independently searched the databases of Pubmed, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to October 15, 2012. Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to investigate the strength of the association in a fixed- or random-effects model depending on statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS Forty-six case-control studies with 15,373 colorectal cancer cases and 21,238 controls were included. Overall, the pooled results indicated that GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with increased CRC risk (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.10-1.33). When stratifying for ethnicity and control sources, we also observed positive association between GSTT1 null genotype and increased risk of CRC. When stratifying by the location, we found there was a statistically significant association in the rectal cancer (OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.01-1.64), but not in colon cancer (OR=1.27, 95% CI=0.94-1.73). Subgroup analyses for Dukes stage, histological differentiation of CRC and smoking habit did not reveal any significant differences in genotype distribution. In addition, we observed a strong correlation between increased CRC risk and the combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the GSTT1 null genotype may contribute to increased risk of colorectal cancer. More well-designed studies based on larger population are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-peng Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37, Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Kassab A, Msolly A, Lakhdar R, Gharbi O, Miled A. Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferases M1, T1, P1 and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in a sample of the Tunisian population. Med Oncol 2013; 31:760. [PMID: 24254297 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the associations of polymorphisms in glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) genes that are GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1, with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Hundred and fifty patients with CRC and 128 healthy controls were genotyped. DNA was isolated from blood samples. Polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods and polymerase chain reaction multiplex. Logistic regression analyses showed significant risk for CRC associated with GSTP1 homozygotes for Val-105 (OR 4.82; 95 % CI 1.97-11.80) or for individuals who possessed at least one Val-105 allele (OR 2.54; 95 % CI 1.751-3.703). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of GSTM1- and GSTT1-null genotypes (p > 0.05). The GSTM1-null was found in 70.47 % of all cases and 70.07 % of controls (OR 0.61; 95 % CI 0.33-1.12). The GSTT1-null genotype was found in 38.77 % of cases and 49.22 % of controls (OR 1.53; 95 % CI 0.94-2.47). No effect of any genotype for GSTM1 and GSTT1 on CRC was detected. But then an association between the polymorphism of the GSTP1 and the CRC susceptibility was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kassab
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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Fang J, Wang S, Zhang S, Su S, Song Z, Deng Y, Cui H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Qian J, Gu J, Liu B, Li P, Zhang R, Liu X, Wang Z. Association of the glutathione s-transferase m1, t1 polymorphisms with cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78707. [PMID: 24250808 PMCID: PMC3826727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of multifunctional enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of many xenobiotics, including a wide range of environmental carcinogens. While the null genotypes in GSTM1 and GSTT1 have been implicated in tumorigenesis, it remains inconsistent and inconclusive. Herein, we aimed to assess the possible associations of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in cancer risks. METHODS A meta-analysis based on 506 case-control studies was performed. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association. RESULTS The null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were associated with a significantly increased risk in cancer (for GSTM1: OR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.14-1.21; for GSTT1: OR = 1.16; 95%CI = 1.11-1.21, respectively). When the analysis was performed based on their smoking history, the risk associated of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes with cancer is further increased (for GSTM1: OR = 2.66; 95%CI = 2.19-3.24; for GSTT1: OR = 2.46; 95%CI = 1.83-3.32, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms may play critical roles in the development of cancer, especially in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shifeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hainan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinnong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan,China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Vojtková J, Durdík P, Ciljaková M, Michnová Z, Turcan T, Babusíková E. The association between gene polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase T1/M1 and type 1 diabetes in Slovak children and adolescents. Cent Eur J Public Health 2013; 21:88-91. [PMID: 24053064 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering a dramatic increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) worldwide, current research focuses on complex etiology of T1D where immune system, environmental and genetic factors play a significant role. Glutathione S-transferase family of enzymes protects tissue from oxidative damage which is discussed in the context of T1D. The aim of the study was to investigate an association of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GST M1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GST T1) polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes. METHODS 163 children, 116 with type 1 diabetes and 47 healthy controls, at the age 6-19 years were enrolled to the study. Basic anthropometric, biochemical parameters and GST T1 diabetes and M1 polymorphisms were established in each subject. RESULTS Subjects with T1D had significantly lower concentration of uric acid compared to the healthy subjects (212.85 +/- 57.10 micromol/l vs. 269.57 +/- 72.53; p < 0.001). GST T1 null genotype was more frequent in patients with diabetes compared to the healthy controls (36.2% vs. 21.3%) and represented 2.1-fold increased risk of T1D of borderline statistical significance (OR = 2.1; 95% Cl = 0.949-4.648; p = 0.06). GST T1 null/M1 wild genotype combination was more frequent in patients with diabetes (25.9% vs. 10.6%) and represented 2.9-fold increased risk for T1D development (OR = 2.93; 95% CI = 1.061-8.095; p = 0.032). CONCLUSION The study indicates that GST T1 null genotype and GST T1 null/M1 wild combination could be considered a risk factor for type 1 diabetes development in Slovak children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Vojtková
- Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia.
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58
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Tang Q, Li J, Zhang S, Yuan B, Sun H, Wu D, Lu C, Wu W, Xia Y, Ding H, Hu L, Chen D, Sha J, Wang X. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms and childhood acute leukemia risk: evidence from 26 case-control studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78810. [PMID: 24194954 PMCID: PMC3806859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted to examine the association between glutathione S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) null polymorphisms and childhood acute leukemia; however, the conclusions remain controversial. We performed an extensive meta-analysis on 26 published case-control studies with a total of 3252 cases and 5024 controls. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval were used to assess the strength of association between childhood acute leukemia risk and polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1. With respect to GSTM1 polymorphism, significantly increased risk of childhood acute leukemia was observed in the overall analysis (OR = 1.30; 95%CI, 1.11-1.51). Furthermore, a stratification analysis showed that the risk of GSTM1 polymorphism are associated with childhood acute leukemia in group of Asians (OR = 1.94; 95%CI, 1.53-2.46), Blacks (OR = 1.76; 95%CI, 1.07-2.91), ALL (OR = 1.33; 95%CI, 1.13-1.58), '< 100 cases and <100 controls' (OR = 1.79; 95%CI, 1.21-2.64), '≥ 100 cases and ≥ 100 controls' (OR = 1.25; 95%CI, 1.02-1.52), and population-based control source (OR = 1.40; 95%CI, 1.15-1.69). With respect to GSTT1 polymorphism, significant association with childhood acute leukemia risk was only found in subgroup of Asian. This meta-analysis supports that GSTM1 null polymorphism is capable of causing childhood acute leukemia susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beilei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (DC); (JS)
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (DC); (JS)
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (DC); (JS)
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Cai X, Yang L, Chen H, Wang C. An updated meta-analysis of the association between GSTM1 polymorphism and colorectal cancer in Asians. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:949-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Tan Z, Feng M, Luo Y, Sun C, Fan Z, Tan Y, Fu B, Lang J. GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: An updated analysis. Gene 2013; 527:275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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61
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Xie P, Liang Y, Liang G, Liu B. Association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and glioma risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:493-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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62
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Mao D, Zhang Y, Lu H, Fu X. Association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2529-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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63
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Agha A, Shabaan H, Abdel-Gawad E, El-Ghannam D. Polymorphism of CYP1A1 gene and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Egypt. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:618-23. [PMID: 23725389 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.809527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The origin of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be explained by a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure. We aimed to study the frequency of CYP1A1 allelic variants in Egyptian patients with ALL, to evaluate their role in the development of ALL and to correlate these allelic variants with clinical and biological characteristics of the patients. Polymorphism of CYP1A1*2A, *2B and *4 alleles was examined in 186 Egyptian children with ALL and 200 normal individuals using polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). A higher prevalence of the CYP1A1*4 allele was found in patients with ALL than in the normal population (19.4%vs. 10.0%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.160, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.200-3.89, p = 0.01), especially in the homozygous variant (OR = 6.6, 95% CI = 2.23-19.58, p = 0.001) and in male patients (p = 0.005), particularly those aged 2-10 years (OR = 5.214, 95% CI = 1.535-17.706, p = 0.008). CYP1A1*2A showed a significant difference between age groups (p = 0.046), with a higher incidence in the 10-17-year-old group (21.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that only the CYP1A1*4 allele remained as a probable independent risk factor for ALL development (OR = 2.250, 95% CI = 1.244-4.069; p = 0.007). Our results suggest that polymorphic variants in the CYP1A1*4 gene may increase the risk of childhood ALL, particularly in male patients aged 2-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Agha
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University , Banha , Egypt
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Kuwahara K, Nanri A, Pham NM, Kurotani K, Kume A, Sato M, Kawai K, Kasai H, Mizoue T. Serum vitamin B6, folate, and homocysteine concentrations and oxidative DNA damage in Japanese men and women. Nutrition 2013; 29:1219-23. [PMID: 23800563 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher vitamin B status has been linked to a lower risk for cancer, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of pyridoxal, folate, and homocysteine (Hcy) with urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage. METHODS The participants were 500 employees (293 men and 207 women), ages 21 to 66 y, of two municipal offices in Japan. Serum pyridoxal and Hcy concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and serum folate concentrations were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were measured using HPLC method. Multiple regression was used to estimate means of 8-OHdG for each tertile of pyridoxal, folate, and Hcy with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, 8-OHdG concentration was inversely associated with pyridoxal concentration in men (P for trend = 0.045) but not in women. The association in men was confined to non-smokers (P for trend = 0.033) or those who consumed no or < 20 g/d of ethanol (P for trend = 0.048). 8-OHdG concentrations were not appreciably associated with folate and Hcy concentrations. CONCLUSION The results suggest that vitamin B6, but not folate and homocysteine, plays a role against oxidative DNA damage in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Deng X, Shi P, Wang Z. Quantitative assessment of the association between GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2121-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Lanara Z, Giannopoulou E, Fullen M, Kostantinopoulos E, Nebel JC, Kalofonos HP, Patrinos GP, Pavlidis C. Comparative study and meta-analysis of meta-analysis studies for the correlation of genomic markers with early cancer detection. Hum Genomics 2013; 7:14. [PMID: 23738773 PMCID: PMC3686617 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of common disorders, including cancer, have complex genetic traits, with multiple genetic and environmental components contributing to susceptibility. A literature search revealed that even among several meta-analyses, there were ambiguous results and conclusions. In the current study, we conducted a thorough meta-analysis gathering the published meta-analysis studies previously reported to correlate any random effect or predictive value of genome variations in certain genes for various types of cancer. The overall analysis was initially aimed to result in associations (1) among genes which when mutated lead to different types of cancer (e.g. common metabolic pathways) and (2) between groups of genes and types of cancer. We have meta-analysed 150 meta-analysis articles which included 4,474 studies, 2,452,510 cases and 3,091,626 controls (5,544,136 individuals in total) including various racial groups and other population groups (native Americans, Latinos, Aborigines, etc.). Our results were not only consistent with previously published literature but also depicted novel correlations of genes with new cancer types. Our analysis revealed a total of 17 gene-disease pairs that are affected and generated gene/disease clusters, many of which proved to be independent of the criteria used, which suggests that these clusters are biologically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Lanara
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34128, Italy
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Figueira TR, Barros MH, Camargo AA, Castilho RF, Ferreira JCB, Kowaltowski AJ, Sluse FE, Souza-Pinto NC, Vercesi AE. Mitochondria as a source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: from molecular mechanisms to human health. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2029-74. [PMID: 23244576 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrially generated reactive oxygen species are involved in a myriad of signaling and damaging pathways in different tissues. In addition, mitochondria are an important target of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Here, we discuss basic mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidant generation and removal and the main factors affecting mitochondrial redox balance. We also discuss the interaction between mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and the involvement of these oxidants in mitochondrial diseases, cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Figueira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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O'Brien KM, Orlow I, Antonescu CR, Ballman K, McCall L, DeMatteo R, Engel LS. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, somatic mutations and candidate genetic risk variants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62119. [PMID: 23637977 PMCID: PMC3630216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare but treatable soft tissue sarcomas. Nearly all GISTs have somatic mutations in either the KIT or PDGFRA gene, but there are no known inherited genetic risk factors. We assessed the relationship between KIT/PDGFRA mutations and select deletions or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 279 participants from a clinical trial of adjuvant imatinib mesylate. Given previous evidence that certain susceptibility loci and carcinogens are associated with characteristic mutations, or "signatures" in other cancers, we hypothesized that the characteristic somatic mutations in the KIT and PDGFRA genes in GIST tumors may similarly be mutational signatures that are causally linked to specific mutagens or susceptibility loci. As previous epidemiologic studies suggest environmental risk factors such as dioxin and radiation exposure may be linked to sarcomas, we chose 208 variants in 39 candidate genes related to DNA repair and dioxin metabolism or response. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between each variant and 7 categories of tumor mutation using logistic regression. We also evaluated gene-level effects using the sequence kernel association test (SKAT). Although none of the association p-values were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons, SNPs in CYP1B1 were strongly associated with KIT exon 11 codon 557-8 deletions (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.9 for rs2855658 and OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.7 for rs1056836) and wild type GISTs (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-4.8 for rs1800440 and OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9 for rs1056836). CYP1B1 was also associated with these mutations categories in the SKAT analysis (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). Other potential risk variants included GSTM1, RAD23B and ERCC2. This preliminary analysis of inherited genetic risk factors for GIST offers some clues about the disease's genetic origins and provides a starting point for future candidate gene or gene-environment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. O'Brien
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cristina R. Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karla Ballman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Linda McCall
- American College of Surgeons Oncology Group, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ronald DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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69
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Li F, Xu B, Yang Z, Wu Y, Dong S, Qian J. GSTP1 Ala114Val polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1825-31. [PMID: 23504587 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between cytochrome glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) Ala114Val polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk report conflicting results. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for such a relationship. Two investigators independently searched the Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedicine databases. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) for GSTP1 polymorphism and CRC were calculated in a fixed effects model (the Mantel-Haenszel method) and a random effects model (the DerSimonian and Laird method) when appropriate. The pooled ORs were performed for co-dominant model (ValVal vs. AlaAla, AlaVal vs. AlaAla), dominant model (ValVal + AlaVal vs. AlaAla), and recessive model (ValVal vs. AlaVal + AlaAla). This meta-analysis included seven case-control studies, which included 3,173 CRC cases and 3,323 controls. Overall, the variant genotypes (ValVal and AlaVal) of the Ala114Val were not associated with CRC risk when compared with the wild-type AlaAla homozygote. Similarly, no associations were found in the dominant and recessive models. When stratifying for ethnicity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls, study sample size, and source of controls, a significantly increased risk was observed among Asians (AlaVal vs. AlaAla, OR=1.67, 95 % CI=1.08-2.59; dominant model, OR=1.74, 95 % CI=1.14-2.67). No heterogeneity or publication bias was found in the present study. This meta-analysis suggests that the GSTP1 Ala114Val polymorphism may not be associated with CRC risk, while the observed increase in risk of CRC may be due to small-study bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Chang J, Ma JZ, Zeng Q, Cechova S, Gantz A, Nievergelt C, O'Connor D, Lipkowitz M, Le TH. Loss of GSTM1, a NRF2 target, is associated with accelerated progression of hypertensive kidney disease in the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F348-55. [PMID: 23220723 PMCID: PMC3566499 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00568.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is acknowledged to play a role in kidney disease progression. Genetic variants that affect the capacity to handle oxidative stress may therefore influence the outcome of kidney disease. We examined whether genetic variants of the GSTM1 gene, a member of a superfamily of glutathione S-transferases, influence the course of kidney disease progression in participants of the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) trial. Groups with and without the common GSTM1 null allele, GSTM1(0), differed significantly in the time to a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) event or dialysis (P = 0.04) and in the time to GFR event, dialysis, or death (P = 0.02). The hazard ratios (HR) for the time to a GFR event or dialysis in those with two or one null allele relative to those possessing none were 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07 to 3.30, P = 0.03] and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.00 to 2.84, P < 0.05), respectively. For the time to GFR event, dialysis, or death, the HR for two null alleles was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.20 to 3.55, P = 0.01) and for one null allele 1.70 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.81, P = 0.04). We demonstrated that GSTM1 directly regulates intracellular levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, we showed that renal 4-HNE levels and GSTM1 are both increased after reduction of renal mass (RRM) in the mouse. We conclude that GSTM1 is normally upregulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a protective response to increased oxidative stress. A genetic variant that results in loss of GSTM1 activity may be deleterious in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehydes/metabolism
- Animals
- Black People/genetics
- Black People/statistics & numerical data
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Silencing/physiology
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/genetics
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology
- Glutathione Transferase/genetics
- Glutathione Transferase/physiology
- Humans
- Hypertension, Renal/enzymology
- Hypertension, Renal/ethnology
- Hypertension, Renal/genetics
- Hypertension, Renal/mortality
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/physiology
- Nephritis/enzymology
- Nephritis/ethnology
- Nephritis/genetics
- Nephritis/mortality
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/enzymology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Black or African American
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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71
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Maffei F, Angelini S, Cantelli Forti G, Hrelia P. Blood Biomarkers Linked to Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation for Risk Assessment of Colorectal Neoplasia. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-012-0156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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72
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Piacentini S, Polimanti R, Simonelli I, Donno S, Pasqualetti P, Manfellotto D, Fuciarelli M. Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms, asthma susceptibility and confounding variables: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:3299-313. [PMID: 23307299 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main risk factors for asthma development. Glutathione S-transferases play an important role in antioxidant defences and may influence asthma susceptibility. In particular, GSTM1 and GSTT1 positive/null genotypes and the GSTP1 Ile105 Val polymorphism have been analyzed in a number of genetic association studies, with conflicting outcomes. Two previous meta-analyses have attempted to clarify the associations between GST genes and asthma, but these studies have also showed contrasting results. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis that included independent genetic association studies on GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1, evaluating also the effect of potential confounding variables (i.e. ethnicity, population age, and urbanization). Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of GST genes on asthma were conducted. The meta-analyses were performed using a fixed or, where appropriate, random effects model. The meta-analysis of the GSTM1 (n = 35), GSTT1 (n = 31) and GSTP1 (n = 28) studies suggests that no significant associations with asthma susceptibility were observed for GSTM1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, whereas a significant outcome was detected for the GSTT1 positive/null genotype (pooled OR = 1.33, 95 %CI = 1.10-1.60). However, high between-study heterogeneity was identified in all the general analyses (p heterogenetity < 0.05). The stratification analysis seems to explain the heterogeneity only in few cases. This picture is probably due to the interactive process of genetics and environment that characterizes disease pathogenesis. Further studies on interactions of GST genes with the potential oxidative stress sources and with other antioxidant genes are needed to explain the role of GST enzymes in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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73
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Parsons M, Campa A, Lai S, Li Y, Martinez JD, Murillo J, Greer P, Martinez SS, Baum MK. Effect of GSTM1-Polymorphism on Disease Progression and Oxidative Stress in HIV Infection: Modulation by HIV/HCV Co-Infection and Alcohol Consumption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4. [PMID: 24416632 PMCID: PMC3887471 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of GSTM1 null-allele polymorphism on oxidative stress and disease progression in HIV infected and HIV/hepatitis C (HCV) co-infected adults. Methods HIV-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected participants aged 40–60 years old with CD4 cell count >350 cells/ µl, were recruited. GSTM1 genotype was determined by quantitative PCR. Oxidative stress (mitochondrial 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine [8-oxo-dG], malondialdehyde [MDA], oxidized glutathione and Complexes I and IV), apoptosis and HIV disease (CD4 count and viral load) markers were measured. Gene copies were not quantified, thus the Hardy-Weinberg formula was not applicable. Results Of the 129 HIV-infected participants, 58 were HIV/HCV co-infected. GSTM1 occurred in 66% (62/94) in those of African descent, and 33% (11/33) of the Caucasians. Those with GSTM1 coding for the functional antioxidant enzyme Glutathione S-transferase (GST), had higher CD4 cell count (β=3.48, p=0.034), lower HIV viral load (β=−0.536, p=0.018), and lower mitochondrial 8-oxo-dG (β=−0.28, p=0.03). ART reduced oxidative stress in the participants with the GSTM1 coding for the functional antioxidant enzyme. HIV/HCV co-infected participants with the GSTM1 coding for the functional antioxidant enzyme also had lower HIV viral load, lower 8-oxo-dG and lower rate of apoptosis, but also higher oxidized glutathione. Alcohol consumption was associated with lower HIV viral load but higher oxidized glutathione in those with the GSTM1 genotype coding for the functional antioxidant enzyme. Conclusion The GSTM1 genotype coding for the functional antioxidant enzyme is associated with lower HIV disease severity, and with lower oxidative stress, compared to GSTM1 null-allele polymorphism. HCV co-infection and alcohol use may be associated with increased oxidative stress even in the presence of the GSTM1 coding for the functional antioxidant enzyme. The null-gene, on the contrary, appears to have a detrimental effect on immune function, viral load control, and antioxidant status, suggesting a potential benefit from antioxidants in HIV infected patients with the defective gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Parsons
- R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Campa
- R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shenghan Lai
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janet Diaz Martinez
- R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jorge Murillo
- Herbert Werheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pedro Greer
- Herbert Werheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina Sales Martinez
- R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marianna K Baum
- R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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74
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Wei Y, Zhou T, Lin H, Sun M, Wang D, Li H, Li B. Significant associations between GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms and nasopharyngeal cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:887-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bedford MR, Anathhanam S, Saleh D, Hickson A, McGregor AK, Boyle K, Burke D. Response of glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal adenocarcinoma. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:1483-8. [PMID: 22390478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The response of rectal adenocarcinoma to neoadjuvant therapy is variable. Accurate prediction of response would enable selective administration of therapy. The enzyme glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) has been shown to influence response to therapy in some solid tumours. Few data are available for rectal cancer. METHOD The GSTP1 levels in rectal adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal mucosa were quantified before and after exposure to neoadjuvant therapy. Venous blood samples and biopsies of normal rectal mucosa and tumour were prospectively obtained from patients with primary rectal cancer. Patients were stratified by exposure to neoadjuvant therapy or surgery alone. GSTP1 was quantitatively measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Ninety-two patients (54 men; median age 68 years) were recruited. The median GSTP1 level was significantly higher in rectal adenocarcinoma than in matched normal mucosa [6.59 μg/mg vs 4.57 μg/mg; P < 0.001]. The median tumour GSTP1 level was significantly lower in the therapy group compared with unmatched samples from the no-therapy group [4.47 μg/mg vs 7.76 μg/mg; P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION The GSTP1 level is increased in rectal adenocarcinoma compared with adjacent normal mucosa. It decreases following neoadjuvant therapy. Future studies correlating pre-therapy GSTP1 levels with pathological response would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bedford
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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76
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Akkemik E, Taser P, Bayindir A, Budak H, Ciftci M. Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase from turkey liver and inhibition effects of some metal ions on enzyme activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:888-894. [PMID: 22989768 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferases (EC 2.5.1.18) were purified and characterized from turkey liver for the first time. The enzyme was purified 252.7-fold with a yield of 45%, with a specific activity of 164.31 U/mg from turkey liver. The purity of the enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE and showed two bands nearly 26 kDa and 24 kDa on the gel. The native molecular mass of the enzyme was found to be approximately 53 kDa by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Optimal pH, stable pH, optimal temperature, optimum ionic strength, K(m) and V(max) values for GSH and CDNB were also determined for the enzyme as 7.3, 8.5, 50 °C, 600 mM, 0.154 mM, 0.380 mM, 1.803 EU/ml, and 2.125 EU/ml, respectively. Additionally, inhibitory effects of metal ions (Cu(2+), Hg(2+), Fe(2+), Zn(2+), Ag(+), Mg(2+), Ni(2+), and Mn(2+)) were examined the enzyme's activity in vitro by performing Lineweaver-Burk graphs and plotting activity% vs., respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Akkemik
- Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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77
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Ruiz JR, Fiuza-Luces C, Buxens A, Cano-Nieto A, Gómez-Gallego F, Santiago C, Rodríguez-Romo G, Garatachea N, Lao JI, Morán M, Lucia A. Are centenarians genetically predisposed to lower disease risk? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1269-1283. [PMID: 21894447 PMCID: PMC3448993 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our study purpose was to compare a disease-related polygenic profile that combined a total of 62 genetic variants among (i) people reaching exceptional longevity, i.e., centenarians (n = 54, 100-108 years, 48 women) and (ii) ethnically matched healthy controls (n = 87, 19-43 years, 47 women). We computed a 'global' genotype score (GS) for 62 genetic variants (mutations/polymorphisms) related to cardiometabolic diseases, cancer or exceptional longevity, and also specific GS for main disease categories (cardiometabolic risk and cancer risk, including 36 and 24 genetic variations, respectively) and for exceptional longevity (7 genetic variants). The 'global' GS was similar among groups (centenarians: 31.0 ± 0.6; controls 32.0 ± 0.5, P = 0.263). We observed that the GS for hypertension, cancer (global risk), and other types of cancer was lower in the centenarians group compared with the control group (all P < 0.05), yet the difference became non significant after adjusting for sex. We observed significant between-group differences in the frequency of GSTT1 and GSTM1 (presence/absence) genotypes after adjusting for multiple comparisons. The likelihood of having the GSTT1 low-risk (functional) allele was higher in centenarians (odds ratio [OR] 5.005; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.810-13.839), whereas the likelihood of having the GSTMI low-risk (functional) allele was similar in both groups (OR 1.295; 95% CI, 0.868 -1.931). In conclusion, we found preliminary evidence that Spanish centenarians have a lower genetic predisposition for cancer risk. The wild-type (i.e., functional) genotype of GSTT1, which is associated with lower cancer risk, might be associated with exceptional longevity, yet further studies with larger sample sizes must confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Theodoratou E, Montazeri Z, Hawken S, Allum GC, Gong J, Tait V, Kirac I, Tazari M, Farrington SM, Demarsh A, Zgaga L, Landry D, Benson HE, Read SH, Rudan I, Tenesa A, Dunlop MG, Campbell H, Little J. Systematic Meta-Analyses and Field Synopsis of Genetic Association Studies in Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:1433-57. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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79
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Quantitative assessment of the association between GSTM1 null genotype and laryngeal cancer risk. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 270:615-22. [PMID: 22972496 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the association between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype and laryngeal cancer risk reported controversial results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effect of GSTM1 null genotype on laryngeal cancer risk. A literature search was performed for all possible studies. We estimated summary odd ratio (OR) with its 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) to assess the association. Subgroup analyses were performed by ethnicity or the sample size. 24 individual case-control studies involving a total of 2,809 laryngeal cancer cases and 4,478 controls were finally included into this meta-analysis. Meta-analyses of total 24 studies showed the GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with increased laryngeal cancer risk (random-effects OR = 1.44, 95 % CI 1.19-1.73, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity showed that the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with increased laryngeal cancer risk in both Caucasians (fixed-effects OR = 1.17, 95 % CI 1.04-1.33, P = 0.012) and Asians (random-effects OR = 1.89, 95 % CI 1.28-2.77, P = 0.001). Also, subgroup analyses by sample size also further identified this association above. The cumulative meta-analyses showed a trend of more obvious association between GSTM1 null genotype and increased risk of laryngeal cancer as information accumulated by year. Meta-analysis of available data suggests that GSTM1 null genotype contributes to increased laryngeal cancer risk in both Caucasians and East Asians.
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80
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Pradhan MP, Prasad NKA, Palakal MJ. A systems biology approach to the global analysis of transcription factors in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:331. [PMID: 22852817 PMCID: PMC3539921 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biological entities do not perform in isolation, and often, it is the nature and degree of interactions among numerous biological entities which ultimately determines any final outcome. Hence, experimental data on any single biological entity can be of limited value when considered only in isolation. To address this, we propose that augmenting individual entity data with the literature will not only better define the entity’s own significance but also uncover relationships with novel biological entities. To test this notion, we developed a comprehensive text mining and computational methodology that focused on discovering new targets of one class of molecular entities, transcription factors (TF), within one particular disease, colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We used 39 molecular entities known to be associated with CRC along with six colorectal cancer terms as the bait list, or list of search terms, for mining the biomedical literature to identify CRC-specific genes and proteins. Using the literature-mined data, we constructed a global TF interaction network for CRC. We then developed a multi-level, multi-parametric methodology to identify TFs to CRC. Results The small bait list, when augmented with literature-mined data, identified a large number of biological entities associated with CRC. The relative importance of these TF and their associated modules was identified using functional and topological features. Additional validation of these highly-ranked TF using the literature strengthened our findings. Some of the novel TF that we identified were: SLUG, RUNX1, IRF1, HIF1A, ATF-2, ABL1, ELK-1 and GATA-1. Some of these TFs are associated with functional modules in known pathways of CRC, including the Beta-catenin/development, immune response, transcription, and DNA damage pathways. Conclusions Our methodology of using text mining data and a multi-level, multi-parameter scoring technique was able to identify both known and novel TF that have roles in CRC. Starting with just one TF (SMAD3) in the bait list, the literature mining process identified an additional 116 CRC-associated TFs. Our network-based analysis showed that these TFs all belonged to any of 13 major functional groups that are known to play important roles in CRC. Among these identified TFs, we obtained a novel six-node module consisting of ATF2-P53-JNK1-ELK1-EPHB2-HIF1A, from which the novel JNK1-ELK1 association could potentially be a significant marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeta P Pradhan
- School of Informatics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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81
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Chen X, Liang L, Hu X, Chen Y. Glutathione S-transferase P1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism might be associated with lung cancer risk in the Chinese Han population. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1973-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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82
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Li J, Long J, Hu Y, Tan A, Guo X, Zhang S. Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms and thyroid cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:e333-40. [PMID: 22765906 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genetic variants have been explored extensively as a predictive factor for cancer etiology. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the associations GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms with thyroid cancer risk. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and HuGNet database were searched up to November 2011 using the appropriate terms. Twelve studies regarding GSTM1 null polymorphism (1569 cases and 2907 controls), 11 studies concerning GSTT1 null polymorphism (1515 cases and 2863 controls), and 8 studies on GSTP1 Ile105Val (965 cases and 1604 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. The random effects odds ratio was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.88-1.31; I(2) = 54.1%, P for heterogeneity = 0.013) for the GSTM1 null vs. present genotype and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.75-1.57; I(2) = 81.4%, P for heterogeneity < 0.001) for the GSTT1 null vs. present genotype, and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.70-1.49; I(2) = 74.6%, P for heterogeneity < 0.001) for the GSTP1 Val/Val+Val/Ile vs. Ile/Ile genotype. Similarly, no significant associations were demonstrated for subgroup analyses performed by ethnicity and histological type. In conclusion, these three polymorphisms are unlikely to be major determinants of susceptibility to thyroid cancer. Reasons for potential heterogeneity of effects, which could include true biologic heterogeneity, publication bias, or chance, deserve further investigation. The relationship between these three genes and thyroid carcinoma must be evaluated further with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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83
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Wang D, Zhang LM, Zhai JX, Liu DW. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population: a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:901-9. [PMID: 22237425 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies investigating the associations between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Chinese population have reported controversial results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Four hundred and seven relevant records were identified through a literature search up to September 7, 2011, and 19 studies were finally included, involving a total of 3,130 CRC cases and 6,423 controls. Subgroup analyses were performed by language and study design. Statistical analysis was performed with the software programs Review Manager (version 5.1.2) and STATA (version 11.0). RESULTS For the GSTM1 polymorphism, the null genotype of GSTM1 was not associated with CRC risk in Chinese population (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.97-1.28). Similar associations were found for GSTT1 polymorphism (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94-1.29) and the dual null genotype of GSTM1/GSTT1 (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.93-1.71). For subgroup analyses, studies published in English and population-based studies further identified these associations for the three aspects above in Chinese population. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the dual null genotype of GSTM1/GSTT1 were all not risk factors in CRC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 Hebei Province, China.
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84
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Can population differences in chemotherapy outcomes be inferred from differences in pharmacogenetic frequencies? THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2012; 13:423-9. [PMID: 22733238 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inter-ethnic differences in drug handling and frequencies of pharmacogenetic variants are increasingly being characterized. In this study, we systematically assessed the feasibility of inferring ethnic trends in chemotherapy outcomes from inter-ethnic differences in pharmacogenetic variant frequencies. Frequencies of 51 variants and chemotherapy outcomes of East Asian and Caucasian colorectal cancer patients on standard chemotherapy regimens were summarized by meta-analyses, and variant frequencies were validated by MassARRAY analysis. Inferences of relative chemotherapy outcomes were made by considering minor allele function and population differences in their frequency. Significant population differences in genotype distributions were observed for 13/23 (60%) and 27/35 (77%) variants in the meta-analyses and validation series, respectively. Across chemotherapy regimens, East Asians had lower rates of grade 3/4 toxicity for diarrhea and stomatitis/mucositis than Caucasians, which was correctly inferred from 13/18 (72%, P=0.018) informative genetic variants. With appropriate variant selection, inferring relative population toxicity rates from population genotype differences may be relevant.
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85
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Hezova R, Bienertova-Vasku J, Sachlova M, Brezkova V, Vasku A, Svoboda M, Radová L, Kiss I, Vyzula R, Slaby O. Common polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTA1 and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in the Central European population. Eur J Med Res 2012; 17:17. [PMID: 22697302 PMCID: PMC3480935 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-17-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central Europe presents with the highest incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide. As sporadic CRC represents a typical multifactorial disease, it is characterized by intense interaction of the genetic background with the environment. Glutathione S-transferases could act as attractive susceptibility genes for CRC, as they are directly involved in conjugation between glutathione and chemotherapeutics, environmental pollutants and a wide spectrum of xenobiotics. Methods In this study, we investigated associations of polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes, that is GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1, with CRC in a total of 197 cases and 218 controls originating from the Czech Central European population. Polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods, allele-specific multiplex and allelic discrimination by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results None of investigated polymorphisms showed any associations with CRC, with the exception of GSTP1; where the heterozygote genotype Ile105Val was associated with decreased risk of CRC (P = 0.043). Conclusions The frequencies observed in our study are in accordance with those from other European Caucasian populations. Based on our studies, examined variability in GST genes is not a major determinant of CRC susceptibility in the Central European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Hezova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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86
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Rudolph A, Hein R, Hoffmeister M, Försti A, Hemminki K, Risch A, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J. Copy number variations of GSTT1 and GSTM1, colorectal cancer risk and possible effect modification of cigarette smoking and menopausal hormone therapy. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E841-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jurkovic Mlakar S, Prezelj J, Osredkar J, Marc J. BMD values and GSTM3 gene polymorphisms in combination with GSTT1/GSTM1 genes: a genetic association study in Slovenian elderly. Gerontology 2012; 58:238-48. [PMID: 22327174 DOI: 10.1159/000335048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much research suggests that oxidative stress is associated with osteoporosis development. Glutathione S-transferases mu3 (GSTM3) are an important group of detoxifying enzymes that eliminate oxidative stress-related products. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of functional GSTM3 gene polymorphisms (Val224Ile and insdelAGG), their haplotypes and, in combination with GSTT1-null and GSTM1-null polymorphisms, with bone mineral density (BMD) measured at femoral neck (_fn), lumbar spine (_ls) and total hip (_th) and biochemical bone turnover markers in 593 Slovenian elderly women and 119 Slovenian elderly men. METHODS GSTM3, GSTT1-null and GSTM1-null gene polymorphisms using sizing denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, triplex PCR method or real-time PCR; BMD_fn, BMD_ls, BMD_th values using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and plasma osteocalcin, serum bone alkaline phosphatase and free soluble tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 (sRANKL) concentrations using a solid-phase, two-site chemiluminescent enzyme-labeled immunometric assay, radioimmunoassay or enzyme immunoassay were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way and two-way ANCOVA with adjustment for potential confounders (age, height and weight). RESULTS The (borderline) significant differences in BMD_th and BMD_fn values between genotype subgroups of Val224Ile polymorphism of GSTM3 gene (p = 0.057 and 0.053, respectively) with the lowest BMD values among heterozygotes and between 224Ile-insAGG haplotype subgroups (p = 0.048 and 0.019, respectively) were found. Significant differences of BMD_fn between the 224Ile-delAGG haplotype subgroups were observed (p = 0.012). Association of 224Val-insAGG with BMD_fn was of borderline significance (p = 0.062). CONCLUSION The results of our study demonstrate the genetic association between detoxifying enzyme GSTM3 and BMD variation, suggesting that the Val224Ile polymorphism and 224Ile-insAGG haplotype could be used for further evaluation of the impact of GSTs gene polymorphisms on osteoporosis, using larger cohorts in searching for osteoporosis risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Jurkovic Mlakar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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88
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Zhong S, Yang JH, Liu K, Jiao BH, Chang Z. Null genotype of glutathione S-transferase Tl contributes to colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population: a meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:231-7. [PMID: 21916987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previous studies investigating the association between the glutathione S-transferase Tl (GSTT1) null genotype and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in the Asian population have reported controversial results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effect of the GSTT1 null genotype on CRC risk in the Asian population. METHODS A comprehensive study was conducted, and 12 case-control studies were finally included, involving a total of 4517 CRC cases and 6607 controls. Subgroup analyses were performed by the sample size. RESULTS A meta-analysis of all 12 studies showed that the GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with an increased CRC risk in the Asian population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.19, the P-value of the OR [P(OR)] = 0.02, the value of the heterogeneity analysis [I(2)] = 42%). A more obvious association was observed after the heterogeneity was eliminated by excluding one study (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.25, P(OR) = 0.001, I(2) = 0%). This association was further identified by both subgroup analyses and a sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the GSTT1 null genotype contributes to an increased colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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89
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Zirbs M, Pürner C, Buters JTM, Effner R, Weidinger S, Ring J, Eberlein B. GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphism in polymorphous light eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:157-62. [PMID: 22225519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is the most common chronic and idiopathic photodermatosis. PLE is assumed to represent an immunological hypersensitivity reaction to a radiation-induced cutaneous antigen involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the basis of a genetic predisposition. Among others, cellular protection against ROS is provided by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Different variants of the GST enzymes may influence the activity and efficiency of detoxification and biotransformation of unknown UV-induced skin-antigens and other factors that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PLE. METHODS In this study the relationship between isoenzymes of the GST genes GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 and possible protective or predisposing effects on PLE was examined in 29 patients and 144 controls. Diagnosis of PLE was based on the presence of characteristic clinical features. RESULTS No association between the functional polymorphisms of the GST gene family and PLE was found. Prevalence of certain GST isoenzymes or polymorphisms in patients with PLE did not differ from healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our data do not support prevalence of GST isoenzymes or polymorphisms as a protective effect against PLE. Especially a higher carrier frequency of GSTP1 Val(105) as a protective factor against PLE which has been published before could not be proved. The GST genotypes GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 (including SNPs) seem to have no relevant association with PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zirbs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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90
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Golka K, Roemer HC, Weistenhöfer W, Blaszkewicz M, Hammad S, Reckwitz T, Loehlein D, Hartel M, Hengstler JG, Geller F. N-Acetyltransferase 2 and glutathione s-transferase M1 in colon and rectal cancer cases from an industrialized area. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:572-581. [PMID: 22686318 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.675310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Apart from genetics, nutrition, and environment, occupational factors also play an important role in colon and rectal cancer development. The aim of this study was to examine these cancer types in an area of former coal, iron, and steel industries, which was found to display an increased incidence of colon cancer mortality. N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotypes were investigated in 108 colon cancer cases, 80 rectum cancer cases, and 188 controls (suffering from nonmalignant diseases). Further, in a pilot study, 28 colorectal cancer patients were NAT2 phenotyped by the caffeine test. Possible occupational and nonoccupational risk factors were investigated by a personal interview. The frequency of rapid NAT2 genotype was 35% in colon cancer cases, 47% in rectal cancer cases, and 42% in controls (GSTM1 0/0 genotype: 53, 46, and 47%, respectively). In the 29 patients with cancer in the ascending colon, 10% were of the rapid NAT2 genotype. In the pilot study the frequency of the rapid NAT2 phenotype was 49%. The only major professional group with an elevated risk was painters (colon cancer OR 2.48, 95% CI 0.4-15.23; rectal cancer OR 5.65, 95% CI 1.06-30.21). In contrast to early studies, in the present study the slow NAT2 status is overrepresented. As colorectal cancer is associated with nutrition and physical activity, present findings may be due to excessive physical heavy work and the resulting nutrition in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
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91
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Abstract
Nutrigenomics refers to the interaction between one's diet and his/her genes. These interactions can markedly influence digestion, absorption, and the elimination of bioactive food components, as well as influence their site of actions/molecular targets. Nutrigenomics comprises nutrigenetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics, coupled with other "omic," such as proteomics and metabolomics, that apparently account for the wide variability in cancer risk among individuals with similar dietary habits. Multiple food components including essential nutrients, phytochemical, zoochemicals, fungochemical, and bacterochemicals have been implicated in cancer risk and tumor behavior, admittedly with mixed results. Such findings suggest that not all individuals respond identically to a diet. This chapter highlights the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphism, copy number, epigenetic events, and transcriptomic homeostasis as factors influencing the response to food components and ultimately health, including cancer risk. Both breast and colorectal cancers are reviewed as examples about how nutrigenomics may influence the response to dietary intakes. As the concept that "one size fits all" comes to an end and personalized approaches surface, additional research data will be required to identify those who will benefit most from dietary change and any who might be placed at risk because of an adjustment.
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92
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Luo W, Kinsey M, Schiffman JD, Lessnick SL. Glutathione s-transferases in pediatric cancer. Front Oncol 2011; 1:39. [PMID: 22655244 PMCID: PMC3356086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed polymorphic enzymes important for detoxifying endogenous and exogenous compounds. In addition to their classic activity of detoxification by conjugation of compounds with glutathione, many other functions are now found to be associated with GSTs. The associations between GST polymorphisms/functions and human disease susceptibility or treatment outcome, mostly in adults, have been extensively studied and reviewed. This mini review focuses on studies related to GST epidemiology and functions related to pediatric cancer. Opportunities to exploit GST in pediatric cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- The Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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93
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Block G, Shaikh N, Jensen CD, Volberg V, Holland N. Serum vitamin C and other biomarkers differ by genotype of phase 2 enzyme genes GSTM1 and GSTT1. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:929-37. [PMID: 21813807 PMCID: PMC3155929 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.011460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify environmental chemicals and are involved in oxidative stress pathways. Deletion polymorphisms affect enzyme activities and have been associated with risk of disease. OBJECTIVE The objective was to clarify whether biomarkers of oxidation, antioxidation, inflammation, and nutritional factors differ by GST genotype in healthy adults. DESIGN Subjects (n = 383) consisted of nonsmokers and nonusers of antiinflammatory drugs and antioxidant vitamin supplements. Deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were genotyped. F(2)-isoprostanes, malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, serum vitamin C, carotenoids, tocopherols, and other nutritional factors were assessed. RESULTS The concentration of serum vitamin C was higher in persons with the inactive GSTM1-0 genotype (P = 0.006). This relation was unchanged after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, or dietary vitamin C. F(2)-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde were lower in the GSTM1-0 and GSTT1-0 groups, respectively, but significance was lost after control for serum vitamin C. The dual deletion, GSTM1-0/GSTT1-0 (n = 37), was associated with higher serum iron and total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (all P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde concentrations, which persisted after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and serum vitamin C. Carotenoids and α- and γ-tocopherols were not associated with either genotype. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers differ by GST genotype, but serum vitamin C appears to be the most consistent factor. Examination of other relevant genes may be needed to understand the concentration and function of ascorbic acid in the GST enzyme system. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00079963.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Block
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 94720-7360, USA.
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94
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Azcárate-Peril MA, Sikes M, Bruno-Bárcena JM. The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G401-24. [PMID: 21700901 PMCID: PMC3774253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00110.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, and, even though 5-15% of the total CRC cases can be attributed to individual genetic predisposition, environmental factors could be considered major factors in susceptibility to CRC. Lifestyle factors increasing the risks of CRC include elevated body mass index, obesity, and reduced physical activity. Additionally, a number of dietary elements have been associated with higher or lower incidence of CRC. In this context, it has been suggested that diets high in fruit and low in meat might have a protective effect, reducing the incidence of colorectal adenomas by modulating the composition of the normal nonpathogenic commensal microbiota. In addition, it has been demonstrated that changes in abundance of taxonomic groups have a profound impact on the gastrointestinal physiology, and an increasing number of studies are proposing that the microbiota mediates the generation of dietary factors triggering colon cancer. High-throughput sequencing and molecular taxonomic technologies are rapidly filling the knowledge gaps left by conventional microbiology techniques to obtain a comprehensive catalog of the human intestinal microbiota and their associated metabolic repertoire. The information provided by these studies will be essential to identify agents capable of modulating the massive amount of gut bacteria in safe noninvasive manners to prevent CRC. Probiotics, defined as "live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host" (219), are capable of transient modulation of the microbiota, and their beneficial effects include reinforcement of the natural defense mechanisms and protection against gastrointestinal disorders. Probiotics have been successfully used to manage infant diarrhea, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease; hence, the purpose of this review was to examine probiotic metabolic activities that may have an effect on the prevention of CRC by scavenging toxic compounds or preventing their generation in situ. Additionally, a brief consideration is given to safety evaluation and production methods in the context of probiotics efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- 1Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill;
| | - Michael Sikes
- 2Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - José M. Bruno-Bárcena
- 2Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A gene polymorphism is an ethnicity-dependent risk factor for digestive tract cancers: a meta-analysis comprising 20,271 subjects. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 36:106-15. [PMID: 21606015 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Published data on the association between Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A gene polymorphism and digestive tract cancers (DTC) are inconclusive. We carried out a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to derive a more precise estimation of the association. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to February 1st, 2011. Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to investigate the strength of the association. Data were available from a total of 33 case-control studies with 8534 cases and 11,737 controls. The combined results based on all studies showed that there was a statistically significant link between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and DTC risk (GG vs. AA: OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.71-0.96). In the analysis of ethnic groups, we found the A allele carriers had a significantly increased DTC susceptibility among Caucasians, but not among Asians. When stratified for tumor location, the results based on all studies only showed the variant allele 870A might have a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), especially of rectal cancer (GG vs. AA: OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.58-0.89). When stratifying by the stage and histological differentiation of CRC, we only observed that patients had a significantly higher frequency of CCND1 870 AA than non-cancer patients among Caucasians. The A allele carriers (hetero- or homozygotes) were significantly more common in cases with a family history of CRC than in controls. There was no evidence of publication bias for CCND1 G870A polymorphism with DTC risk. In summary, this meta-analysis demonstrates that the CCND1 G870A polymorphism may be an ethnicity-dependent risk factor for DTC. And this genetic variant may increase the risk of rectal cancer, but not colon cancer.
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Gao LB, Pan XM, Li LJ, Liang WB, Bai P, Rao L, Su XW, Wang T, Zhou B, Wei YG, Zhang L. Null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 contribute to risk of cervical neoplasia: an evidence-based meta-analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20157. [PMID: 21629772 PMCID: PMC3100325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that play a key role in the detoxification of varieties of both endogenous products of oxidative stress and exogenous carcinogens. Methods In this meta-analysis, twenty-five studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and CBM databases: 23 evaluated GSTM1 and 19 evaluated GSTT1. Crude odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and risk of cervical neoplasia. Subgroup analyses were conducted by pathological history, ethnicity, source of DNA for genotyping, quality score, and matching variable. Results The null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were associated with a significantly increased risk of cervical neoplasia (for GSTM1: OR = 1.40; 95%CI, 1.19–1.65; for GSTT1: OR = 1.30; 95%CI, 1.05–1.62, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed that the null genotype of GSTM1 increased the risk of cervical neoplasia in Asians, studies with DNA isolation from white blood cells and tissue samples, both high and low quality studies, and matched studies. In GSTM1-GSTT1 interaction analysis, individuals with dual null genotype were associated with a significantly increased risk of cervical neoplasia (OR = 1.72; 95%CI, 1.18–2.51). Conclusion These findings indicate that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, particularly GSTM1-GSTT1 interaction, may play critical roles in the development of cervical neoplasia. A conservative manner should be adopted to interpret these results because of obvious heterogeneity between-study, unadjusted data, and relatively small sample size in this meta-analysis. Well designed studies with larger sample size are of great value to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Min Pan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Bo Liang
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Rao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Su
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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97
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Copy number variants in pharmacogenetic genes. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:244-51. [PMID: 21388883 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Variation in drug efficacy and toxicity remains an important clinical concern. Presently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) only explain a portion of this problem, even in situations where the pharmacological trait is clearly heritable. The Human CNV Project identified copy number variations (CNVs) across approximately 12% of the human genome, and these CNVs were considered causes of diseases. Although the contribution of CNVs to the pathogenesis of many common diseases is questionable, CNVs play a clear role in drug-related genes by altering drug metabolizing and drug response. In this review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical relevance of CNVs to drug efficacy, toxicity, and disease prevalence in world populations, and discuss the implication of using CNVs as a diagnostic tool in clinical intervention.
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98
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Migliore L, Migheli F, Spisni R, Coppedè F. Genetics, cytogenetics, and epigenetics of colorectal cancer. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:792362. [PMID: 21490705 PMCID: PMC3070260 DOI: 10.1155/2011/792362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the colorectal cancer (CRC) cases are sporadic, only 25% of the patients have a family history of the disease, and major genes causing syndromes predisposing to CRC only account for 5-6% of the total cases. The following subtypes can be recognized: MIN (microsatellite instability), CIN (chromosomal instability), and CIMP (CpG island methylator phenotype). CIN occurs in 80-85% of CRC. Chromosomal instability proceeds through two major mechanisms, missegregation that results in aneuploidy through the gain or loss of whole chromosomes, and unbalanced structural rearrangements that lead to the loss and/or gain of chromosomal regions. The loss of heterozygosity that occur in the first phases of the CRC cancerogenesis (in particular for the genes on 18q) as well as the alteration of methylation pattern of multiple key genes can drive the development of colorectal cancer by facilitating the acquisition of multiple tumor-associated mutations and the instability phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Migliore
- Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Street S. Giuseppe 22, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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99
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Han I, Jeong SJ, Lee HJ, Koh W, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Kim HS, Lee SJ, Chen CY, Jung MH, Kim SH. Proteomic analysis of mesenchymal stem-like cells derived from ovarian teratoma: potential role of glutathione S-transferase M2 in ovarian teratoma. Proteomics 2011; 11:352-60. [PMID: 21268265 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian teratoma is a dermoid cyst in the ovary that contains mature tissues such as hair, teeth, bone, thyroid, etc. To understand the molecular mechanisms of ovarian teratoma growth, a comparative proteomic analysis was undertaken using mesenchymal stem cell-like cells (MSCLCs) isolated from normal human ovarian or teratoma tissues. Both normal ovarian and teratoma MSCLCs expressed stem cell markers OCT4 and NANOG, and were negatively staining with the senescence-associated (SA) β-galactosidase. Furthermore, teratoma MSCLCs had higher proliferation and colony formation rates, with more angiogenic property than that of normal MSCLCs. Proteomic study revealed that 17 proteins had the expression changes over eightfold in ovarian teratoma MSCLCs compared with normal control. Interestingly, among them, GSTM2 was strongly expressed in teratoma MSCLCs. Moreover, overexpressed GSTM2 in the teratoma was associated with downregulation of p38 MAPK and activation of AKT and survivin. Taken together, these findings suggest that that ovarian teratoma MSCLCs have a higher potency for proliferation and angiogenesis and GSTM2 appears to be involved in the regulation of other survival genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihn Han
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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100
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Sergentanis TN, Economopoulos KP. Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis comprising 9,911 cases and 11,171 controls. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4955-63. [PMID: 21161398 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 represents a key molecule in the regulation of cell cycle. CCND1 G870A (rs603965) polymorphism has drawn considerable attention as the A allele may generate a variant splice product with possible oncogenic actions. A meta-analysis examining the association between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and breast cancer risk was performed. Separate analyses on Caucasian and Chinese populations were also implemented. Eligible articles were identified for the period up to July 2010. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were appropriately derived from fixed-effects or random-effects models. Sensitivity analysis excluding studies whose genotype frequencies in controls significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was performed. Nine case-control studies on Caucasians (7,304 cases and 8,149 controls) and four case-control studies on Chinese (2,607 cases and 3,022 controls) were eligible. At the overall analysis the A allele seemed to be associated with elevated breast cancer risk; the effect seemed to be confined to homozygous carriers (pooled OR = 1.091, 95% CI: 1.008-1.179, P = 0.030, fixed effects) as heterozygous carriers did not exhibit significantly elevated breast cancer risk. No statistically significant associations were demonstrated in Caucasians. On the other hand, Chinese AA carriers exhibited marginally elevated breast cancer risk (pooled OR = 1.144, 95% CI: 0.984-1.329, P = 0.080, fixed effects). Nevertheless, the controls in two out of the four Chinese studies deviated from HWE. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that the A allele of the CCND1 G870A polymorphism may confer additional breast cancer risk when it comes to homozygosity and Chinese populations. The need for additional, methodologically sound studies on Chinese populations seems warranted.
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