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Siddiqui N, Ali J, Parvez S, Zameer S, Najmi AK, Akhtar M. Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, ameliorates Aβ (1-42) peptides induced neurodegeneration and brain insulin resistance (BIR) via insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108662. [PMID: 34119519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder, accounting over 46 million cases of dementia globally. Evidence supports that Brain Insulin Resistance (BIR) due to serine phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) has an association with AD. GLP-1 an incretin hormone, rapidly degraded by Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has also confirmed its efficacious role in AD. Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor is hypothesized to increase GLP-1 level, which then crosses Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), decreases Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and insulin resistance in hippocampus. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate Linagliptin in Aβ (1-42) peptides induced rat model of AD. Following 1 week of induction, rats were administered with Linagliptin (0.513 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 5 mg/kg) orally for 8 weeks and donepezil (5 mg/kg) as a reference standard. At the end of scheduled treatment neurobehavioral parameters were assessed. After this, rats were sacrificed, hippocampus was isolated from the whole brain for histopathological analysis and biochemical parameters estimation. Linagliptin dose-dependently and significantly reversed motor and cognitive impairment, assessed through locomotor activity (LA) and Morris water maze (MWM) test respectively. Moreover, Linagliptin augmented GLP-1 level and attenuated soluble Aβ (1-42), IRS-1 (s307), GSK-3β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, AchE and oxidative/nitrosative stress level in hippocampus. H&E and Congo red staining also exhibited neuroprotective and anti-amylodogenic effect respectively. Our study findings implies the significant effect of Linagliptin in reversing the behavioural and biochemical deficits by altering Aβ (1-42) and BIR via IRS-1 confirming one of the mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Siddiqui
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Saima Zameer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Yao H, Uras G, Zhang P, Xu S, Yin Y, Liu J, Qin S, Li X, Allen S, Bai R, Gong Q, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Xu J. Discovery of Novel Tacrine-Pyrimidone Hybrids as Potent Dual AChE/GSK-3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7483-7506. [PMID: 34024109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on a multitarget strategy, a series of novel tacrine-pyrimidone hybrids were identified for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological evaluation results demonstrated that these hybrids exhibited significant inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The optimal compound 27g possessed excellent dual AChE/GSK-3 inhibition both in terms of potency and equilibrium (AChE: IC50 = 51.1 nM; GSK-3β: IC50 = 89.3 nM) and displayed significant amelioration on cognitive deficits in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice and efficient reduction against phosphorylation of tau protein on Ser-199 and Ser-396 sites in glyceraldehyde (GA)-stimulated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, compound 27g exhibited eligible pharmacokinetic properties, good kinase selectivity, and moderate neuroprotection against GA-induced reduction in cell viability and neurite damage in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. The multifunctional profiles of compound 27g suggest that it deserves further investigation as a promising lead for the prospective treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Giuseppe Uras
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stephanie Allen
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Alves SS, Silva-Junior RMPD, Servilha-Menezes G, Homolak J, Šalković-Petrišić M, Garcia-Cairasco N. Insulin Resistance as a Common Link Between Current Alzheimer's Disease Hypotheses. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:71-105. [PMID: 34024838 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost 115 years ago, Alois Alzheimer described Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the first time. Since then, many hypotheses have been proposed. However, AD remains a severe health public problem. The current medical approaches for AD are limited to symptomatic interventions and the complexity of this disease has led to a failure rate of approximately 99.6%in AD clinical trials. In fact, no new drug has been approved for AD treatment since 2003. These failures indicate that we are failing in mimicking this disease in experimental models. Although most studies have focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, the literature has made clear that AD is rather a multifactorial disorder. Therefore, the persistence in a single theory has resulted in lost opportunities. In this review, we aim to present the striking points of the long scientific path followed since the description of the first AD case and the main AD hypotheses discussed over the last decades. We also propose insulin resistance as a common link between many other hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Milton Patrício da Silva-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School -University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Šalković-Petrišić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ismaili L, Monnin J, Etievant A, Arribas RL, Viejo L, Refouvelet B, Soukup O, Janockova J, Hepnarova V, Korabecny J, Kucera T, Jun D, Andrys R, Musilek K, Baguet A, García-Frutos EM, De Simone A, Andrisano V, Bartolini M, de los Ríos C, Marco-Contelles J, Haffen E. (±)- BIGI-3h: Pentatarget-Directed Ligand combining Cholinesterase, Monoamine Oxidase, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibition with Calcium Channel Antagonism and Antiaggregating Properties for Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1328-1342. [PMID: 33797877 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) are considered a promising therapeutic strategy to address the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Novel MTDLs have been designed as inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterases/butyrylcholinesterases, monoamine oxidase A/B, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β and as calcium channel antagonists via the Biginelli multicomponent reaction. Among these MTDLs, (±)-BIGI-3h was identified as a promising new hit compound showing in vitro balanced activities toward the aforementioned recognized AD targets. Additional in vitro studies demonstrated antioxidant effects and brain penetration, along with the ability to inhibit the aggregation of both τ protein and β-amyloid peptide. The in vivo studies have shown that (±)-BIGI-3h (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) significantly reduces scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lhassane Ismaili
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Julie Monnin
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Adeline Etievant
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Raquel L. Arribas
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teofilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Viejo
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teofilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Refouvelet
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, University of Defence, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, University of Defence, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, University of Defence, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aurelie Baguet
- Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, INSERM, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Eva M. García-Frutos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso di Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso di Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teofilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Liu H, Zhang H, Ma Y. Molecular mechanisms of altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111452. [PMID: 33556365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia globally. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, eventually manifesting as severe cognitive impairment. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) occurs throughout adulthood and plays an important role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. The stages of AHN, predominantly comprising the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and maturation of newborn neurons, are affected to varying degrees in AD. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent evidence suggests that the molecules involved in AD pathology contribute to the compromised AHN in AD. Notably, various interventions may have common signaling pathways that, once identified, could be harnessed to enhance adult neurogenesis. This in turn could putatively rescue cognitive deficits associated with impaired neurogenesis as observed in animal models of AD. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge concerning AHN under normal physiological and AD pathological conditions and highlight the possible role of specific molecules in AHN alteration in AD. In addition, we summarize in vivo experiments with emphasis on the effect of the activation of certain key signalings on AHN in AD rodent models. We propose that these signaling targets and corresponding interventions should be considered when developing novel therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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56
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Zhu H, Dronamraju V, Xie W, More SS. Sulfur-containing therapeutics in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:305-352. [PMID: 33613018 PMCID: PMC7889054 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is widely existent in natural products and synthetic organic compounds as organosulfur, which are often associated with a multitude of biological activities. OBenzothiazole, in which benzene ring is fused to the 4,5-positions of the thiazolerganosulfur compounds continue to garner increasing amounts of attention in the field of medicinal chemistry, especially in the development of therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a fatal neurodegenerative disease and the primary cause of age-related dementia posing severe societal and economic burdens. Unfortunately, there is no cure for AD. A lot of research has been conducted on sulfur-containing compounds in the context of AD due to their innate antioxidant potential and some are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we have described emerging trends in the field, particularly the concept of multi-targeting and formulation of disease-modifying strategies. SAR, pharmacological targets, in vitro/vivo ADMET, efficacy in AD animal models, and applications in clinical trials of such sulfur compounds have also been discussed. This article provides a comprehensive review of organosulfur-based AD therapeutic agents and provides insights into their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Zhu
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Venkateshwara Dronamraju
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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57
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Yu CC, Du YJ, Wang SQ, Liu LB, Shen F, Wang L, Lin YF, Kong LH. Experimental Evidence of the Benefits of Acupuncture for Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:549772. [PMID: 33408601 PMCID: PMC7779610 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.549772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is also increasing. At present, there are no widely recognized drugs able to ameliorate the cognitive dysfunction caused by AD. The failure of several promising clinical trials in recent years has highlighted the urgent need for novel strategies to both prevent and treat AD. Notably, a growing body of literature supports the efficacy of acupuncture for AD. In this review, we summarize the previously reported mechanisms of acupuncture's beneficial effects in AD, including the ability of acupuncture to modulate Aβ metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neurotransmitters, neurogenesis, synapse and neuron function, autophagy, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cerebral glucose metabolism, and brain responses. Taken together, these findings suggest that acupuncture provides therapeutic effects for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chao Yu
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Jun Du
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Qin Wang
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le-Bin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Rongjun Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Shen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Lin
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hong Kong
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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58
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Li YZ, Liu YJ, Zhang W, Luo SF, Zhou X, He GQ. Combined treatment with valproic acid and estrogen has neuroprotective effects in ovariectomized mice with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2078-2085. [PMID: 33642397 PMCID: PMC8343327 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit dramatically reduced sensitivity to estrogen replacement therapy, which is though to be related to an estrogen receptor (ER)α/ERβ ratio imbalance arising from a significantly decreased level of ERs of the brain. The aim of our study was to investigate whether valproic acid (VPA) can enhance the beneficial effects of estrogen on cognitive function through restoration of ERα and ERβ expression in the brain. We removed the ovaries of female APP/PS1 mice to simulate the low estrogen levels present in postmenopausal women and then administered VPA (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, once daily), 17β-estradiol (E2) (2.4 μg, intraperitoneal injection, once daily), liquiritigenin (LG) (50 μg/kg, intragastric infusion, once daily), VPA + E2, or VPA + LG for 4 successive weeks. Compared with treatment with a single drug, treatment with VPA + E2 or VPA + LG significantly increased the level of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, increased the expression of estrogen receptor α, reduced the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifiers, and increased the level of estrogen receptor β. This resulted in enhanced sensitivity to estrogen therapy, reduced amyloid β aggregation, reduced abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein, reduced neuronal loss, increased dendritic spine and postsynaptic density, and significantly alleviated memory loss and learning impairment in mice. This study was approved by the Chongqing Medical University Animal Protection and Ethics Committee, China on March 6, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Fang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Galactophore, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Qiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Recent advances on drug development and emerging therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5629-5645. [PMID: 34181171 PMCID: PMC8236749 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative old age disease that is complex, multifactorial, unalterable, and progressive in nature. The currently approved therapy includes cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA-receptor antagonists and their combination therapy provides only temporary symptomatic relief. Sincere efforts have been made by the researchers globally to identify new targets, discover, and develop novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD. This brief review article is intended to cover the recent advances in drug development and emerging therapeutic agents for AD acting at different targets. The article is compiled using various scientific online databases and by referring to clinicaltrials.gov and ALZFORUM (alzforum.org) websites. The upcoming therapies act on one or more targets including amyloids (secretases, Aβ42 production, amyloid deposition, and immunotherapy), tau proteins (tau phosphorylation/aggregation and immunotherapy) and neuroinflammation in addition to other miscellaneous targets. Despite the tremendous improvement in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD, only aducanumab was approved by FDA for the treatment of AD in 18 years i.e., since 2003. Hence, it is concluded that novel therapeutic strategies are required to discover and develop therapeutic agents to fight against the century old AD.
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Ramachandran AK, Das S, Joseph A, Gurupur Gautham S, Alex AT, Mudgal J. Neurodegenerative Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:679-692. [PMID: 32851951 PMCID: PMC8573750 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200807130637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that leads to insidious deterioration of brain functions and is considered the sixth leading cause of death in the world. Alzheimer's patients suffer from memory loss, cognitive deficit and behavioral changes; thus, they eventually follow a low-quality life. AD is considered as a multifactorial disorder involving different neuropathological mechanisms. Recent research has identified more than 20 pathological factors that are promoting disease progression. Three significant hypotheses are said to be the root cause of disease pathology, which include acetylcholine deficit, the formation of amyloid-beta senile plaques and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Apart from these crucial factors, pathological factors such as apolipoprotein E (APOE), glycogen synthase kinase 3β, notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, etc., are considered to play a role in the advancement of AD and therefore could be used as targets for drug discovery and development. As of today, there is no complete cure or effective disease altering therapies for AD. The current therapy is assuring only symptomatic relief from the disease, and progressive loss of efficacy for these symptomatic treatments warrants the discovery of newer drugs by exploring these novel drug targets. A comprehensive understanding of these therapeutic targets and their neuropathological role in AD is necessary to identify novel molecules for the treatment of AD rationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kunnath Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Subham Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Shenoy, Gurupur Gautham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Angel Treasa Alex
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
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Wang M, Liu T, Chen S, Wu M, Han J, Li Z. Design and synthesis of 3-(4-pyridyl)-5-(4-sulfamido-phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as novel GSK-3β inhibitors and evaluation of their potential as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112874. [PMID: 33017743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic intervention has prominent advantages for complex pathomechanisms, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a series of novel 3-(4-pyridyl)-5-(4- sulfamido-phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized following the multitarget-directed ligand-based strategy. All compounds were evaluated for glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibition and antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Given that abnormal glucose metabolism plays an important role in AD occurrence and development, the effects of all compounds on glucose consumption in HepG2 cells was evaluated. Compounds 5e and 10b showed good dual potency in GSK-3β inhibition (IC50: 5e = 1.52 μM, 10b = 0.19 μM) and antineuroinflammatory potency (IC50: 5e = 0.47 ± 0.64 μM, 10b = 6.94 ± 2.33 μM). The effect of compound 10b on glucose consumption was higher than that of positive drug metformin. These compounds exerted a certain neuroprotective effect. Compound 10b dramatically reduced Aβ-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation, thus inhibiting GSK-3β at the cellular level. Notably, compounds 5e and 10b exhibited good inhibitory effects on the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, these compounds displayed proper blood-brain barrier permeability and lacked neurotoxicity up to 50 μM concentration. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that compound 10b improved cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced mouse models. Results indicated that compound 10b deserves further study as a multifunctional lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mingfei Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jianfei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Llaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Guo Y, Ma X, Li P, Dong S, Huang X, Ren X, Yuan L. High-fat diet induced discrepant peripheral and central nervous systems insulin resistance in APPswe/PS1dE9 and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1236-1250. [PMID: 33291072 PMCID: PMC7835010 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine whether AD pathological phenotype in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice exposed to continuous high-fat diet predispose these murine models to metabolic dysfunction and neuropathological impairments. One-month old male APP/PS1 and C57BL/6J mice were provided with 60% high-fat diet for 6.5 months. After dietary intervention, metabolic phenotyping, cognitive behaviors, AD-related brain pathological changes and insulin signaling were compared. high fat diet induced hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and aggravated inflammatory stress in both APP/PS1 and C57BL/6J mice. Compared with C57BL/6J control mice, APP/PS1 mice showed lower glucose transporter protein expression in liver, muscle, and brain. High-fat diet caused a decrease of glucose transporter protein expression in muscle and liver but increased cortical glucose transporter protein expression in APP/PS1 mice. High-fat diet-fed APP/PS1 mice demonstrated decreased cognitive function, as well as elevated cortical soluble amyloid-β levels and APP protein expression. Decrease in cortical IR, p-IR protein expression and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratio were observed in high-fat diet-fed APP/PS1 mice. High-fat diet caused discrepant peripheral and central nervous system metabolic phenotype in APP/PS1 and C57BL/6J mice. AD pathological phenotype might accelerate metabolic changes and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice treated with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shengqi Dong
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiuwen Ren
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Linhong Yuan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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63
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Fan YG, Pang ZQ, Wu TY, Zhang YH, Xuan WQ, Wang Z, Yu X, Li YC, Guo C, Wang ZY. Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates Alzheimer-like pathologies by reducing antioxidant capacity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:139-149. [PMID: 33068737 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is prevalent among aging people and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the roles of VD deficiency in the pathology of AD remain largely unexplored. In this study, APP/PS1 mice were fed a VD-deficient diet for 13 weeks to evaluate the effects of VD deficiency on the learning and memory functions and the neuropathological characteristics of the mice. Our study revealed that VD deficiency accelerated cognitive impairment in the APP/PS1 mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that VD deficiency promoted glial activation and increased inflammatory factor secretion. Furthermore, VD deficiency increased the production and deposition of Aβ by elevating the expression levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1). In addition, VD deficiency increased the phosphorylation of Tau at Thr181, Thr205 and Ser396 by increasing the activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β (GSK3α/β) and promoted synaptic dystrophy and neuronal loss. All these effects of VD deficiency may be ascribed to enhanced oxidative stress via the downregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT). Taken together, our data suggest that VD deficiency exacerbates Alzheimer-like pathologies via promoting inflammatory stress, increasing Aβ production and elevating Tau phosphorylation by decreasing antioxidant capacity in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Hence, rescuing the VD status of AD patients should be taken into consideration during the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Pang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Xuan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yan-Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Takenaka M, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Intercellular delivery of NF-κB inhibitor peptide utilizing small extracellular vesicles for the application of anti-inflammatory therapy. J Control Release 2020; 328:435-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jiang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Chen L, Duan Y, Huang J, Liu C, Chen Y, Liu W, Sun H, Feng F, Qu W. Rational design and biological evaluation of a new class of thiazolopyridyl tetrahydroacridines as cholinesterase and GSK-3 dual inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ding YJ, Li GY, Xu CD, Wu Y, Zhou ZS, Wang SG, Li C. Regulatory Functions of Nilaparvata lugens GSK-3 in Energy and Chitin Metabolism. Front Physiol 2020; 11:518876. [PMID: 33324230 PMCID: PMC7723894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.518876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is a biologically important metabolic process. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) is a key enzyme located in the middle of the sugar metabolism pathway that can regulate the energy metabolism process in the body through insulin signaling. This paper mainly explores the regulatory effect of glycogen synthase kinase on the metabolism of glycogen and trehalose in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) by RNA interference. In this paper, microinjection of the target double-stranded GSK-3 (dsGSK-3) effectively inhibited the expression of target genes in N. lugens. GSK-3 gene silencing can effectively inhibit the expression of target genes (glycogen phosphorylase gene, glycogen synthase gene, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 gene, and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 2 gene) in N. lugens and trehalase activity, thereby reducing glycogen and glucose content, increasing trehalose content, and regulating insect trehalose balance. GSK-3 can regulate the genes chitin synthase gene and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene involved in the chitin biosynthetic pathway of N. lugens. GSK-3 gene silencing can inhibit the synthesis of chitin N. lugens, resulting in abnormal phenotypes and increased mortality. These results indicated that a low expression of GSK-3 in N. lugens can regulate the metabolism of glycogen and trehalose through the insulin signal pathway and energy metabolism pathway, and can regulate the biosynthesis of chitin, which affects molting and wing formation. The relevant research results will help us to more comprehensively explore the molecular mechanism of the regulation of energy and chitin metabolism of insect glycogen synthase kinases in species such as N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Juan Ding
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yong Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cai-Di Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhong-Shi Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi-Gui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
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β-Catenin Regulates Wound Healing and IL-6 Expression in Activated Human Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110479. [PMID: 33171974 PMCID: PMC7694627 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is prominent in most neurodegenerative disorders and is often associated with neuroinflammation. The molecular mechanisms regulating astrocyte-linked neuropathogenesis during injury, aging and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the implications of the wingless type (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway in regulating astrocyte function during gliosis. First, we identified that HIV-associated inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced mediators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway including β-catenin and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (LEF)-1 expression in astrocytes. Next, we investigated the regulatory role of β-catenin on primary aspects of reactive astrogliosis, including proliferation, migration and proinflammatory responses, such as IL-6. Knockdown of β-catenin impaired astrocyte proliferation and migration as shown by reduced cyclin-D1 levels, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and wound healing. HIV-associated cytokines, IL-1β alone and in combination with TNF-α, strongly induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)8 and IL-6; however, only IL-6 levels were regulated by β-catenin as demonstrated by knockdown and pharmacological stabilization. In this context, IL-6 levels were negatively regulated by β-catenin. To better understand this relationship, we examined the crossroads between β-catenin and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways. While NF-κB expression was significantly increased by IL-1β and TNF-α, NF-κB levels were not affected by β-catenin knockdown. IL-1β treatment significantly increased glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β phosphorylation, which inhibits β-catenin degradation. Further, pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β increased nuclear translocation of both β-catenin and NF-κB p65 into the nucleus in the absence of any other inflammatory stimuli. HIV+ human astrocytes show increased IL-6, β-catenin and NF-κB expression levels and are interconnected by regulatory associations during HAND. In summary, our study demonstrates that HIV-associated inflammation increases β-catenin pathway mediators to augment activated astrocyte responses including migration and proliferation, while mitigating IL-6 expression. These findings suggest that β-catenin plays an anti-inflammatory role in activated human astrocytes during neuroinflammatory pathologies, such as HAND.
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GSK3β Impairs KIF1A Transport in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer's Disease but Does Not Regulate Motor Motility at S402. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0176-20.2020. [PMID: 33067366 PMCID: PMC7768277 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0176-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of axonal transport is an early pathologic event that precedes neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), a causative agent of AD, activate intracellular signaling cascades that trigger phosphorylation of many target proteins, including tau, resulting in microtubule destabilization and transport impairment. Here, we investigated how KIF1A, a kinesin-3 family motor protein required for the transport of neurotrophic factors, is impaired in mouse hippocampal neurons treated with AβOs. By live cell imaging, we observed that AβOs inhibit transport of KIF1A-GFP similarly in wild-type and tau knock-out neurons, indicating that tau is not required for this effect. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a kinase overactivated in AD, prevented the transport defects. By mass spectrometry on KIF1A immunoprecipitated from transgenic AD mouse brain, we detected phosphorylation at S402, which conforms to a highly conserved GSK3β consensus site. We confirmed that this site is phosphorylated by GSK3β in vitro. Finally, we tested whether a phosphomimic of S402 could modulate KIF1A motility in control and AβO-treated mouse neurons and in a Golgi dispersion assay devoid of endogenous KIF1A. In both systems, transport driven by mutant motors was similar to that of WT motors. In conclusion, GSK3β impairs KIF1A transport but does not regulate motor motility at S402. Further studies are required to determine the specific phosphorylation sites on KIF1A that regulate its cargo binding and/or motility in physiological and disease states.
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69
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Alzheimer's disease: Recent treatment strategies. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Benn CL, Dawson LA. Clinically Precedented Protein Kinases: Rationale for Their Use in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:242. [PMID: 33117143 PMCID: PMC7494159 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are an intensively studied drug target class in current pharmacological research as evidenced by the large number of kinase inhibitors being assessed in clinical trials. Kinase-targeted therapies have potential for treatment of a broad array of indications including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In addition to the many variables which contribute to identification of a successful therapeutic molecule, drug discovery for CNS-related disorders also requires significant consideration of access to the target organ and specifically crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To date, only a small number of kinase inhibitors have been reported that are specifically designed to be BBB permeable, which nonetheless demonstrates the potential for success. This review considers the potential for kinase inhibitors in the context of unmet medical need for neurodegenerative disease. A subset of kinases that have been the focus of clinical investigations over a 10-year period have been identified and discussed individually. For each kinase target, the data underpinning the validity of each in the context of neurodegenerative disease is critically evaluated. Selected molecules for each kinase are identified with information on modality, binding site and CNS penetrance, if known. Current clinical development in neurodegenerative disease are summarized. Collectively, the review indicates that kinase targets with sufficient rationale warrant careful design approaches with an emphasis on improving brain penetrance and selectivity.
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71
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Jiang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Liu X, Xu K, Xu J, Feng F, Sun H. PROTACs suppression of GSK-3β, a crucial kinase in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112949. [PMID: 33097303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is involved in a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, bipolar disorder, and diabetes. In this study, a series of heterobifunctional small molecule proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) were designed and synthesized based on E3 ubiquitin ligase cereblon (CRBN). Most of PROTACs displayed good inhibitory activity, with the IC50 values at the double-digits nanomolar levels and moderate protein degradation ability against GSK-3β. Western-blot data showed compound PG21 can effectively degrade GSK-3β in a dose-dependent manner, which can induce 44.2% protein degradation at 2.8 μM. Further pharmacological experiments revealed that the ability of PG21 to degrade GSK-3β is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In addition, PG21 protects against glutamate-induced cell death in HT-22 cells. As the first PROTAC example to degrade GSK-3β protein, the present study has provided potential candidates for further investigation in the biological function of GSK-3β protein and its association with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junting Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kaiying Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Processing of Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, No.4 Meicheng Road, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Wang L, Bharti, Kumar R, Pavlov PF, Winblad B. Small molecule therapeutics for tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease: Walking on the path of most resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112915. [PMID: 33139110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. Currently there are close to 50 million people living with dementia and this figure is expected to increase to 75 million by 2030 putting a huge burden on the economy due to the health care cost. Considering the effects on quality of life of patients and the increasing burden on the economy, there is an enormous need of new disease modifying therapies to tackle this disease. The current therapies are dominated by only symptomatic treatments including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers but no disease modifying treatments exist so far. After several failed attempts to develop drugs against amyloidopathy, tau targeting approaches have been in the main focus of drug development against AD. After an overview of the tauopathy in AD, this review summarizes recent findings on the development of small molecules as therapeutics targeting tau modification, aggregation, and degradation, and tau-oriented multi-target directed ligands. Overall, this work aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of small molecules which are being explored as a lead candidate for discovering drugs against tauopathy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wang
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pavel F Pavlov
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Fan CH, Lin CW, Huang HJ, Lee-Chen GJ, Sun YC, Lin W, Chen CM, Chang KH, Su MT, Hsieh-Li HM. LMDS-1, a potential TrkB receptor agonist provides a safe and neurotrophic effect for early-phase Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3173-3190. [PMID: 32748031 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The signaling pathways of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor play a pivotal role in axonal sprouting, proliferation of dendritic arbor, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal differentiation. The levels of BDNF and TrkB receptor were reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES The activation of TrkB signaling pathways is a potential strategy for AD therapies. We intended to identify potential TrkB agonists to activate the neuroprotective signaling to alleviate the pathological features of AD mice. RESULTS Both of the Aβ-deteriorated hippocampal primary neurons and mouse models were generated and showed AD characteristics. We first investigated 12 potential TrkB agonists with primary hippocampal neurons of mice. Both 7,8-DHF and LMDS-1 were identified to have better effect than the other compounds on dendritic arborization of the neurons and were further applied to the Aβ-injected mouse model. The short-term cognitive behavior and pathology in the mice were improved by LMDS-1. Further investigation indicated that LMDS-1 activated the TrkB through phosphorylation at Y516 rather than Y816. In addition, the ERK but not CaMKII or Akt was activated in the mouse hippocampus with LMDS-1 administration. LMDS-1 treatment also upregulated CREB and BDNF while downregulated the GSK3β active form and tau phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that LMDS-1 upregulates the expression of BDNF and ameliorates the early-phase phenotypes of the AD-like mice through the pTrkB (Y516)-ERK-CREB pathway. In addition, LMDS-1 has better effect than 7,8-DHF in ameliorating the behavioral and pathological features of AD-like mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Fan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
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Hierro-Bujalance C, Infante-Garcia C, Sanchez-Sotano D, del Marco A, Casado-Revuelta A, Mengual-Gonzalez CM, Lucena-Porras C, Bernal-Martin M, Benavente-Fernandez I, Lubian-Lopez S, Garcia-Alloza M. Erythropoietin Improves Atrophy, Bleeding and Cognition in the Newborn Intraventricular Hemorrhage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571258. [PMID: 33043002 PMCID: PMC7525073 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is one of the most devastating complications of prematurity. The short- and long-term neurodevelopmental consequences after severe GM-IVH are a major concern for neonatologists. These kids are at high risk of psychomotor alterations and cerebral palsy; however, therapeutic approaches are limited. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been previously used to treat several central nervous system complications due to its role in angiogenesis, neurogenesis and as growth factor. In addition, EPO is regularly used to reduce the number of transfusions in the preterm infant. Moreover, EPO crosses the blood-brain barrier and EPO receptors are expressed in the human brain throughout development. To analyze the role of EPO in the GM-IVH, we have administered intraventricular collagenase (Col) to P7 mice, as a model of GM-IVH of the preterm infant. After EPO treatment, we have characterized our animals in the short (14 days) and the long (70 days) term. In our hands, EPO treatment significantly limited brain atrophy and ventricle enlargement. EPO also restored neuronal density and ameliorated dendritic spine loss. Likewise, inflammation and small vessel bleeding were also reduced, resulting in the preservation of learning and memory abilities. Moreover, plasma gelsolin levels, as a feasible peripheral marker of GM-IVH-induced damage, recovered after EPO treatment. Altogether, our data support the positive effect of EPO treatment in our preclinical model of GM-IVH, both in the short and the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Angel del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Casado-Revuelta
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Isabel Benavente-Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Division of Paediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Simon Lubian-Lopez
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Division of Paediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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75
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Matsunaga S, Fujishiro H, Takechi H. Efficacy and Safety of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:1031-1039. [PMID: 31156177 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to test GSK-3 inhibitors on AD patients. METHODS We included RCTs of GSK-3 inhibitors in AD patients and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), using cognitive function scores as a primary measure. RESULTS Five RCTs (three RCTs using lithium and two RCTs using tideglusib) with 568 patients were included. There was no significant difference in cognitive function scores between the GSK-3 inhibitors and placebo groups [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.25, p = 0.11, I2 = 55% ]. However, significant heterogeneity remained. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the lithium subgroup was more effective on cognitive function scores than placebo for AD and MCI (lithium subgroup: SMD = -0.41, p = 0.04; tideglusib subgroup: SMD = -0.02, p = 0.89). Moreover, a meta-regression analysis showed that the effect size of GSK-3 inhibitors on cognitive function scores was associated with study duration (coefficient, -0.0116). For safety outcomes, tideglusib was associated with a higher incidence of increased aspartate aminotransferase than placebo. There were no significant differences in other secondary outcomes between treatments. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that GSK-3 inhibitors were ineffective in treating AD and MCI; however, several studies included in the present meta-analysis were small, and future studies using a larger sample size are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsunaga
- Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Fujishiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Memorial Hospital, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Takechi
- Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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76
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Roca C, Campillo NE. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitors: a patent update (2016–2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:863-872. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1815706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roca
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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77
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Elangovan ND, Dhanabalan AK, Gunasekaran K, Kandimalla R, Sankarganesh D. Screening of potential drug for Alzheimer's disease: a computational study with GSK-3 β inhibition through virtual screening, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:7065-7079. [PMID: 32779973 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1805362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The global impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitates intensive research to find appropriate and effective drugs. Many studies in AD suggested beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles-associated tau protein as the key targets for drug development. On the other hand, it is proved that triggering of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) also cause AD, therefore, GSK-3β is a potential drug target to combat AD. We, in this study, investigated the ability of small molecules to inhibit GSK-3β through virtual screening, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME), induced-fit docking (IFD), molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculation. Besides, molecular docking was performed to reveal the binding and interaction of the ligand at the active site of GSK-3β. We found two compounds such as 6961 and 6966, which exhibited steady-state interaction with GSK-3β for 30 ns in molecular dynamics simulation. The compounds (6961 and 6966) also achieved a docking score of -9.05 kcal/mol and -8.11 kcal/mol, respectively, which is relatively higher than the GSK-3β II inhibitor (-6.73 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the compounds have a stable state during overall simulation time, and lesser root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) values compared with co-crystal. In conclusion, we suggest the two compounds (6966 and 6961) as potential leads that could be utilized as effective inhibitors of GSK-3β to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishnasamy Gunasekaran
- Center of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.,Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India
| | - Devaraj Sankarganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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78
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu M, Liu Y. Integrating Highly Efficient Recognition and Signal Transition of g-C3N4 Embellished Ti3C2 MXene Hybrid Nanosheets for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Analysis of Protein Kinase Activity. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10668-10676. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - HuiXin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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79
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Unravelling the Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Epileptic Seizures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103676. [PMID: 32456185 PMCID: PMC7279454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. An increasing body of evidence describes an elevated incidence of epilepsy in patients with AD, and many transgenic animal models of AD also exhibit seizures and susceptibility to epilepsy. However, the biological mechanisms that underlie the occurrence of seizure or increased susceptibility to seizures in AD is unknown. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates various cellular signaling pathways, and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. It has been suggested that GSK-3 might be a key factor that drives epileptogenesis in AD by interacting with the pathological hallmarks of AD, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau. Furthermore, seizures may also contribute to the progression of AD through GSK-3. In this way, GSK-3 might be involved in initiating a vicious cycle between AD and seizures. This review aims to summarise the possible role of GSK-3 in the link between AD and seizures. Understanding the role of GSK-3 in AD-associated seizures and epilepsy may help researchers develop new therapeutic approach that can manage seizure and epilepsy in AD patients as well as decelerate the progression of AD.
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80
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Chang J, Zeng Z, Kou X, Chen N. Exercise Attenuates Brain Aging by Rescuing Down-Regulated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:105. [PMID: 32390823 PMCID: PMC7192222 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Down-regulated Wnt signaling is involved in brain aging with declined cognitive capacity due to its modulation on neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, the naturally aged rat model was established by feeding rats from 6 months old to 21 months old. The cognitive capacity of aged rats was compared with young rats as the controls and the aged rats upon 12-week exercise interventions including treadmill running, resistance exercise, and alternating exercise with resistance exercise and treadmill running. Wnt signaling was examined in hippocampal tissues of the rats from different groups. Results indicated that the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) as an antagonist of Wnt signal pathway, the activation of GSK-3β, and the hyperphosphorylated Tau were markedly increased as the extension of age. Meanwhile, higher p-β-cateninSer33, 37, Thr41 promoted neuronal degradation of aged rats. In contrast, three kinds of exercise interventions rescued the abnormal expression of DKK-1 and synaptophysin such as PSD-93 and PSD-95 in hippocampal tissues of the aged rats; especially 12-week treadmill running suppressed DKK-1 up-regulation, GSK-3β activation, β-catenin phosphorylation, and hyperphosphorylated Tau. In addition, the down-regulated PI3K/AKT and Wnt signal pathways were observed in aged rats, but could be reversed by resistance exercise and treadmill running. Moreover, the increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 levels in hippocampal tissues of aged rats were also reversed upon treadmill running intervention. Taken together, down-regulated Wnt signaling suppressed PI3K/Akt signal pathway, aggravated synaptotoxicity, induced neuron apoptosis, and accelerated cognitive impairment of aged rats. However, exercise interventions, especially treadmill running, can attenuate their brain aging process via restoring Wnt signaling and corresponding targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingru Chang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjuan Kou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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81
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Chronic hyperglycemia impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 92:98-113. [PMID: 32417750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During aging, lifestyle-related factors shape the brain's response to insults and modulate the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is the case for chronic hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes, which reduces the brain's ability to handle the neurodegenerative burden associated with AD. However, the mechanisms behind the effects of chronic hyperglycemia in the context of AD are not fully understood. Here, we show that newly generated neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice present increased dendritic arborization and a number of synaptic puncta, which may constitute a compensatory mechanism allowing the animals to cope with a lower neurogenesis rate. Contrariwise, chronic hyperglycemia decreases the complexity and differentiation of 3xTg-AD newborn neurons and reduces the levels of β-catenin, a key intrinsic modulator of neuronal maturation. Moreover, synaptic facilitation is depressed in hyperglycemic 3xTg-AD mice, accompanying the defective hippocampal-dependent memory. Our data suggest that hyperglycemia evokes cellular and functional alterations that accelerate the onset of AD-related symptoms, namely memory impairment.
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82
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Marineau A, Khan KA, Servant MJ. Roles of GSK-3 and β-Catenin in Antiviral Innate Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acids. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040897. [PMID: 32272583 PMCID: PMC7226782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid activation of the type I interferon (IFN) antiviral innate immune response relies on ubiquitously expressed RNA and DNA sensors. Once engaged, these nucleotide-sensing receptors use distinct signaling modules for the rapid and robust activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, and the IKK-related kinases IKKε and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to the subsequent activation of the activator protein 1 (AP1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) transcription factors, respectively. They, in turn, induce immunomodulatory genes, allowing for a rapid antiviral cellular response. Unlike the MAPKs, the IKK complex and the IKK-related kinases, ubiquitously expressed glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) α and β isoforms are active in unstimulated resting cells and are involved in the constitutive turnover of β-catenin, a transcriptional coactivator involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and lineage commitment. Interestingly, studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of both GSK-3 and β-catenin in type I IFN antiviral innate immune response, particularly affecting the activation of IRF3. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms by which GSK-3 and β-catenin control the antiviral innate immune response to RNA and DNA virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marineau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada;
| | - Kashif Aziz Khan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada;
| | - Marc J. Servant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada;
- Réseau Québécois de Recherche sur les Médicaments (RQRM), Montréal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-343-7966
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83
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Rosa-Silva HTD, Panzenhagen AC, Schmidtt V, Alves Teixeira A, Espitia-Pérez P, de Oliveira Franco Á, Mingori M, Torres-Ávila JF, Schnorr CE, Hermann PRS, Moraes DP, Almeida RF, Moreira JCF. Hepatic and neurobiological effects of foetal and breastfeeding and adulthood exposure to methylmercury in Wistar rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125400. [PMID: 31809933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an organic bioaccumulated mercury derivative that strongly affects the environment and represents a public health problem primarily to riparian communities in South America. Our objective was to investigate the hepatic and neurological effects of MeHg exposure during the phases foetal and breast-feeding and adult in Wistar rats. Wistar rats (n = 10) were divided into 3 groups. Control group received mineral oil; The simple exposure (SE) group was exposed only in adulthood (0.5 mg/kg/day); and double exposure (DE) was pre-exposed to MeHg 0.5 mg/kg/day during pregnancy and breastfeeding (±40 days) and re-exposed to MeHg for 45 days from day 100. After, we evaluated possible abnormalities. Behavioral and biochemical parameters in liver and occipital cortex (CO), markers of liver injury, redox and AKT/GSK3β/mTOR signaling pathway. Our results showed that both groups treated with MeHg presented significant alterations, such as decreased locomotion and exploration and impaired visuospatial perception. The rats exposed to MeHg showed severe liver damage and increased hepatic glycogen concentration. The MeHg groups showed significant impairment in redox balance and oxidative damage to liver macromolecules and CO. MeHg upregulated the AKT/GSK3β/mTOR pathway and the phosphorylated form of the Tau protein. In addition, we found a reduction in NeuN and GFAP immunocontent. These results represent the first approach to the hepatotoxic and neural effects of foetal and adult MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tais da Rosa-Silva
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alana Castro Panzenhagen
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Victória Schmidtt
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexsander Alves Teixeira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pedro Espitia-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Álvaro de Oliveira Franco
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Moara Mingori
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José F Torres-Ávila
- Unit for Development and Innovation in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Carlos Eduardo Schnorr
- Departamento de Civil y Ambiental, Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Paolla Rissi Silva Hermann
- Instituto de Química, Sala 103, Campus do Vale, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo Pompéu Moraes
- Instituto de Química, Sala 103, Campus do Vale, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberto Farina Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Shi XL, Yan N, Cui YJ, Liu ZP. A Unique GSK-3β inhibitor B10 Has a Direct Effect on Aβ, Targets Tau and Metal Dyshomeostasis, and Promotes Neuronal Neurite Outgrowth. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030649. [PMID: 32155989 PMCID: PMC7140427 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complicated pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the development of multitargeted agents to simultaneously interfere with multiple pathological processes of AD is a potential choice. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) plays a vital role in the AD pathological process. In this study, we discovered a novel 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivative B10 as a GSK-3β inhibitor that features with a quinolin-8-ol moiety to target the metal dyshomeostasis of AD. B10 potently inhibited GSK-3β with an IC50 of 66 ± 2.5 nM. At the concentration of 20 μM, B10 increased β-catenin abundance (β-catenin/GAPDH: 0.83 ± 0.086 vs. 0.30 ± 0.016), phosphorylated GSK-3β at Ser9 (p-GSK-3β/GAPDH: 0.53 ± 0.045 vs. 0.35 ± 0.012), and decreased the phosphorylated tau level (p-tau/GAPDH: 0.33 ± 0.065 vs. 0.83 ± 0.061) in SH-SY5Y cells. Unlike other GSK-3β inhibitors, B10 had a direct effect on Aβ by inhibiting Aβ1-42 aggregation and promoting the Aβ1-42 aggregate disassociation. It selectively chelated with Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, and Al3+, and targeted AD metal dyshomeostasis. Moreover, B10 effectively increased the mRNA expression of the recognized neurogenesis markers, GAP43, N-myc, and MAP-2, and promoted the differentiated neuronal neurite outgrowth, possibly through the GSK-3β and β-catenin signal pathways. Therefore, B10 is a potent and unique GSK-3β inhibitor that has a direct on Aβ and serves as a multifunctional anti-AD agent for further investigations.
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Hou TY, Zhou Y, Zhu LS, Wang X, Pang P, Wang DQ, Liuyang ZY, Man H, Lu Y, Zhu LQ, Liu D. Correcting abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescues tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:441-457. [PMID: 31951013 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. We previously reported that aberrant microRNA-124 (miR-124)/non-receptor-type protein phosphatase 1 (PTPN1) signaling plays an important role in the synaptic disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we further investigated the potential role of miR-124/PTPN1 in the tau pathology of AD. We first treated the mice with intra-hippocampal stereotactic injections. Then, we used quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of microRNAs. Western blotting was used to measure the level of PTPN1, the level of tau protein, the phosphorylation of tau at AD-related sites, and alterations in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). Immunohistochemistry was also used to detect changes in tau phosphorylation levels at AD-related sites and somadendritic aggregation. Soluble and insoluble tau protein was separated by 70% formic acid (FA) extraction to examine tau solubility. Finally, behavioral experiments (including the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, and elevated plus maze) were performed to examine learning and memory ability and emotion-related behavior. We found that artificially replicating the abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling induced AD-like tau pathology in the hippocampus of wild-type mice, including hyperphosphorylation at multiple sites, insolubility and somadendritic aggregation, as well as learning/memory deficits. We also found that disruption of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling was caused by the loss of RE1-silencing transcription factor protein, which can be initiated by Aβ insults or oxidative stress, as observed in the brains of P301S mice. Correcting the deregulation of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescued the tau pathology and learning/memory impairments in the P301S mice. We also found that miR-124/PTPN1 abnormalities induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation, implicating an imbalance in tau kinase/phosphatase. Thus, targeting the miR-124/PTPN1 signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yao Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Shuang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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86
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Neuroinflammation and Neurogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030701. [PMID: 31973106 PMCID: PMC7037892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult brain, new neurons are generated throughout adulthood in the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus; this process is commonly known as adult neurogenesis. The regulation or modulation of adult neurogenesis includes various intrinsic pathways (signal transduction pathway and epigenetic or genetic modulation pathways) or extrinsic pathways (metabolic growth factor modulation, vascular, and immune system pathways). Altered neurogenesis has been identified in Alzheimer's disease (AD), in both human AD brains and AD rodent models. The exact mechanism of the dysregulation of adult neurogenesis in AD has not been completely elucidated. However, neuroinflammation has been demonstrated to alter adult neurogenesis. The presence of various inflammatory components, such as immune cells, cytokines, or chemokines, plays a role in regulating the survival, proliferation, and maturation of neural stem cells. Neuroinflammation has also been considered as a hallmark neuropathological feature of AD. In this review, we summarize current, state-of-the art perspectives on adult neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and the relationship between these two phenomena in AD. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches, focusing on the anti-inflammatory and proneurogenic interventions that have been reported in this field.
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87
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Zhang F, Gannon M, Chen Y, Yan S, Zhang S, Feng W, Tao J, Sha B, Liu Z, Saito T, Saido T, Keene CD, Jiao K, Roberson ED, Xu H, Wang Q. β-amyloid redirects norepinephrine signaling to activate the pathogenic GSK3β/tau cascade. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaay6931. [PMID: 31941827 PMCID: PMC7891768 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay6931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The brain noradrenergic system is critical for normal cognition and is affected at early stages in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we reveal a previously unappreciated direct role of norepinephrine signaling in connecting β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, two key pathological components of AD pathogenesis. Our results show that Aβ oligomers bind to an allosteric site on α2A adrenergic receptor (α2AAR) to redirect norepinephrine-elicited signaling to glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation and tau hyperphosphorylation. This norepinephrine-dependent mechanism sensitizes pathological GSK3β/tau activation in response to nanomolar accumulations of extracellular Aβ, which is 50- to 100-fold lower than the amount required to activate GSK3β by Aβ alone. The significance of our findings is supported by in vivo evidence in two mouse models, human tissue sample analysis, and longitudinal clinical data. Our study provides translational insights into mechanisms underlying Aβ proteotoxicity, which might have strong implications for the interpretation of Aβ clearance trial results and future drug design and for understanding the selective vulnerability of noradrenergic neurons in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mary Gannon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shun Yan
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Wendy Feng
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jiahui Tao
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bingdong Sha
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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88
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GSK-3β-Targeting Fisetin Promotes Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae through β-Catenin Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010312. [PMID: 31906440 PMCID: PMC6982351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is found in many fruits and plants such as grapes and onions, and exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anticancer activity. However, whether fisetin regulates melanogenesis has been rarely studied. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of fisetin on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cell and zebrafish larvae. The current study revealed that fisetin slightly suppressed in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity; however, molecular docking data showed that fisetin did not directly bind to mushroom tyrosinase. Unexpectedly, fisetin significantly increased intracellular and extracellular melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells regardless of the presence or absence of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). We also found that the expression of melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), were highly increased 48 h after fisetin treatment. Pigmentation of zebrafish larvae by fisetin treatment also increased at the concentrations up to 200 µM and then slightly decreased at 400 µM, with no alteration in the heart rates. Molecular docking data also revealed that fisetin binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Therefore, we evaluated whether fisetin negatively regulated GSK-3β, which subsequently activates β-catenin, resulting in melanogenesis. As expected, fisetin increased the expression of β-catenin, which was subsequently translocated into the nucleus. In the functional assay, FH535, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, significantly inhibited fisetin-mediated melanogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Our data suggested that fisetin inhibits GSK-3β, which activates β-catenin, resulting in melanogenesis through the revitalization of MITF and tyrosinase.
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89
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McGauran G, Linse S, O'Connell DJ. Single Step Purification of Glycogen Synthase Kinase Isoforms from Small Scale Transient Expression in HEK293 Cells with a Calcium-Dependent Fragment Complementation System. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2095:385-396. [PMID: 31858480 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0191-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purification of proteins for the biophysical analysis of protein interactions occurring in human cells can benefit from methods that facilitate the capture of small amounts of natively processed protein obtained using transient mammalian expression systems. We have used a novel calcium-dependent fragment complementation-based affinity method to effectively purify full length glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) α and β isoforms to study their interaction with amyloid β peptide (Aβ42). Using these proteins, purified from 1 mg of total cell lysate, we measured an apparent KD of ≤100 pM between GSK3α/β and immobilized Aβ42 with surface plasmon resonance technology. This approach can be used to retrieve useful quantities of protein for biophysical experiments with small scale mammalian cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin McGauran
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David J O'Connell
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- BEACON Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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90
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Jia L, Piña-Crespo J, Li Y. Restoring Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain 2019; 12:104. [PMID: 31801553 PMCID: PMC6894260 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an aging-related neurological disorder characterized by synaptic loss and dementia. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an essential signal transduction pathway that regulates numerous cellular processes including cell survival. In brain, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is not only crucial for neuronal survival and neurogenesis, but it plays important roles in regulating synaptic plasticity and blood-brain barrier integrity and function. Moreover, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits amyloid-β production and tau protein hyperphosphorylation in the brain. Critically, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is greatly suppressed in AD brain via multiple pathogenic mechanisms. As such, restoring Wnt/β-catenin signaling represents a unique opportunity for the rational design of novel AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Juan Piña-Crespo
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yonghe Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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91
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The selective GSK3 inhibitor, SAR502250, displays neuroprotective activity and attenuates behavioral impairments in models of neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in rodents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18045. [PMID: 31792284 PMCID: PMC6888874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where abnormal activation of this enzyme has been associated with hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. This study describes the effects of the selective GSK3 inhibitor, SAR502250, in models of neuroprotection and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) associated with AD. In P301L human tau transgenic mice, SAR502250 attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation in the cortex and spinal cord. SAR502250 prevented the increase in neuronal cell death in rat embryonic hippocampal neurons following application of the neurotoxic peptide, Aβ25–35. In behavioral studies, SAR502250 improved the cognitive deficit in aged transgenic APP(SW)/Tau(VLW) mice or in adult mice after infusion of Aβ25–35. It attenuated aggression in the mouse defense test battery and improved depressive-like state of mice in the chronic mild stress procedure after 4 weeks of treatment. Moreover, SAR502250 decreased hyperactivity produced by psychostimulants. In contrast, the drug failed to modify anxiety-related behaviors or sensorimotor gating deficit. This profile confirms the neuroprotective effects of GSK3 inhibitors and suggests an additional potential in the treatment of some NPS associated with AD.
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92
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Noori MS, Bhatt PM, Courreges MC, Ghazanfari D, Cuckler C, Orac CM, McMills MC, Schwartz FL, Deosarkar SP, Bergmeier SC, McCall KD, Goetz DJ. Identification of a novel selective and potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1289-C1303. [PMID: 31553649 PMCID: PMC6962522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00061.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a multitasking protein kinase that regulates numerous critical cellular functions. Not surprisingly, elevated GSK-3 activity has been implicated in a host of diseases including pathological inflammation, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, asthma, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's. Therefore, reagents that inhibit GSK-3 activity provide a means to investigate the role of GSK-3 in cellular physiology and pathophysiology and could become valuable therapeutics. Finding a potent inhibitor of GSK-3 that can selectively target this kinase, among over 500 protein kinases in the human genome, is a significant challenge. Thus there remains a critical need for the identification of selective inhibitors of GSK-3. In this work, we introduce a novel small organic compound, namely COB-187, which exhibits potent and highly selective inhibition of GSK-3. Specifically, this study 1) utilized a molecular screen of 414 kinase assays, representing 404 unique kinases, to reveal that COB-187 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of GSK-3; 2) utilized a cellular assay to reveal that COB-187 decreases the phosphorylation of canonical GSK-3 substrates indicating that COB-187 inhibits cellular GSK-3 activity; and 3) reveals that a close isomer of COB-187 is also a selective and potent inhibitor of GSK-3. Taken together, these results demonstrate that we have discovered a region of chemical design space that contains novel GSK-3 inhibitors. These inhibitors will help to elucidate the intricate function of GSK-3 and can serve as a starting point for the development of potential therapeutics for diseases that involve aberrant GSK-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh S Noori
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Pooja M Bhatt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | | | - Davoud Ghazanfari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Chaz Cuckler
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Crina M Orac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Mark C McMills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Frank L Schwartz
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | | | - Stephen C Bergmeier
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Kelly D McCall
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Douglas J Goetz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
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93
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Wang H, Xiao L, Wang H, Wang G. Involvement of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced hippocampal LRP1 up-regulation in microtubule instability and depressive-like behavior in a depressive-like adult male rat model. Physiol Behav 2019; 215:112749. [PMID: 31770536 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and tau play an important role in developing Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to explore the involvement of LRP1 in microtubule dynamic and depressive-like behavior in a depressive-like rat model. It also investigated whether fluoxetine blocked the change induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were exposed to CUMS and fluoxetine for 4 weeks respectively. The body weight was determined, and behavior tests, including sucrose preference test, forced swimming test and open field test were performed. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the protein levels of LRP1, tubulin, Acet-tub, Tyr-tub and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for mRNA expression levels of LRP1. Immunohistochemical staining was applied for LRP1 and immunofluorescence staining for the co-location of p-tau (404,262) and Acet-tub. The CUMS group presented a decreased body weight and depressive-like behavior, which was improved by fluoxetine. The protein and mRNA expression levels of LRP1 were elevated in the CUMS group. The levels of Acet-tub increased following CUMS, accompanied by elevated levels of p-tau (404,262). The binding of p-tau and Acet-tub significantly decreased in depressive-like rats, and fluoxetine attenuated microtubule instability. Finally, the inhibition of CUMS-induced PI3K/Akt activated GSK-3β, and fluoxetine reversed the change in the signaling pathway. Hence, LRP1 might impair the microtubule dynamics accompanied by depressive-like behavior via the PI3K/ Akt /GSK3β pathway in adult depressive-like rats, and hippocampal LRP1 might be involved in the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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94
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New barrigenol-type triterpenoids with anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity from Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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95
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Dorababu A. Critical evaluation of current Alzheimer's drug discovery (2018-19) & futuristic Alzheimer drug model approach. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103299. [PMID: 31586701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease responsible for death of millions of people worldwide is a progressive clinical disorder which causes neurons to degenerate and ultimately die. It is one of the common causes of dementia wherein a person's incapability to independently think, behave and decline in social skills can be quoted as major symptoms. However the early signs include the simple non-clinical symptoms such as forgetting recent events and conversations. Onset of these symptoms leads to worsened conditions wherein the AD patient suffers severe memory impairment and eventually becomes unable to work out everyday tasks. Even though there is no complete cure for AD, rigorous research has been going on to reduce the progress of AD. Currently, a very few clinical drugs are prevailing for AD treatment. So this is the need of hour to design, develop and discovery of novel anti-AD drugs. The main factors for the cause of AD according to scientific research reveals structural changes in brain proteins such as beta amyloid, tau proteins into plaques and tangles respectively. The abnormal proteins distort the neurons. Despite the high potencies of the synthesized molecules; they could not get on the clinical tests up to human usage. In this review article, the recent research carried out with respect to inhibition of AChE, BuChE, NO, BACE1, MAOs, Aβ, H3R, DAPK, CSF1R, 5-HT4R, PDE, σ1R and GSK-3β is compiled and organized. The summary is focused mainly on cholinesterases, Aβ, BACE1 and MAOs classes of potential inhibitors. The review also covers structure activity relationship of most potent compounds of each class of inhibitors alongside redesign and remodeling of the most significant inhibitors in order to expect cutting edge inhibitory properties towards AD. Alongside the molecular docking studies of the some final compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka, India.
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96
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Hulcová D, Maříková J, Korábečný J, Hošťálková A, Jun D, Kuneš J, Chlebek J, Opletal L, De Simone A, Nováková L, Andrisano V, Růžička A, Cahlíková L. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. cv. Dutch Master as potential drugs in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 165:112055. [PMID: 31261031 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one known Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of various structural types and one undescribed alkaloid, named narcimatuline, have been isolated from fresh bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. cv. Dutch Master. The chemical structures were elucidated by combination of MS, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, and by comparison with literature data. Narcimatuline amalgamates two basic scaffolds of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in its core, namely galanthamine and galanthindole. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitory activities. The most interesting biological profile was demonstrated by newly isolated alkaloid narcimatuline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hulcová
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Maříková
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Department of Toxicoloxy and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hošťálková
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicoloxy and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kuneš
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Opletal
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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97
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Silva GM, Barcelos MP, Poiani JGC, Hage-Melim LIDS, da Silva CHTDP. Allosteric Modulators of Potential Targets Related to Alzheimer's Disease: a Review. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1467-1483. [PMID: 31310701 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and there is an urgent need to discover new and efficacious forms of treatment for it. Pathological patterns of AD include cholinergic dysfunction, increased β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide concentration, the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles, among others, all of which are strongly associated with specific biological targets. Interactions observed between these targets and potential drug candidates in AD most often occur by competitive mechanisms driven by orthosteric ligands that sometimes result in the production of side effects. In this context, the allosteric mechanism represents a key strategy; this can be regarded as the selective modulation of such targets by allosteric modulators in an advantageous manner, as this may decrease the likelihood of side effects. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of compounds that act as allosteric modulators of the main biological targets related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pegrucci Barcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Curtolo Poiani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lorane Izabel da Silva Hage-Melim
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02, 68903-419, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14090-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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98
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Moussa-Pacha NM, Abdin SM, Omar HA, Alniss H, Al-Tel TH. BACE1 inhibitors: Current status and future directions in treating Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:339-384. [PMID: 31347728 DOI: 10.1002/med.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder with no current cure. One of the important therapeutic approaches of AD is the inhibition of β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), which is involved in the rate-limiting step of the cleavage process of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) leading to the generation of the neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ) protein after the γ-secretase completes its function. The produced insoluble Aβ aggregates lead to plaques deposition and neurodegeneration. BACE1 is, therefore, one of the attractive targets for the treatment of AD. This approach led to the development of potent BACE1 inhibitors, many of which were advanced to late stages in clinical trials. Nonetheless, the high failure rate of lead drug candidates targeting BACE1 brought to the forefront the need for finding new targets to uncover the mystery behind AD. In this review, we aim to discuss the most promising classes of BACE1 inhibitors with a description and analysis of their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters, with more focus on the lead drug candidates that reached late stages of clinical trials, such as MK8931, AZD-3293, JNJ-54861911, E2609, and CNP520. In addition, the manuscript discusses the safety concerns and insignificant physiological effects, which were highlighted for the most successful BACE1 inhibitors. Furthermore, the review demonstrates with increasing evidence that despite tremendous efforts and promising results conceived with BACE1 inhibitors, the latest studies suggest that their clinical use for treating Alzheimer's disease should be reconsidered. Finally, the review sheds light on alternative therapeutic options for targeting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour M Moussa-Pacha
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shifaa M Abdin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hasan Alniss
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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99
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González JF, Alcántara AR, Doadrio AL, Sánchez-Montero JM. Developments with multi-target drugs for Alzheimer's disease: an overview of the current discovery approaches. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:879-891. [PMID: 31165654 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1623201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia among older adults, is a chronic neurodegenerative pathology that causes a progressive loss of cognitive functioning with a decline of rational skills. It is well known that AD is multifactorial, so there are many different pharmacological targets that can be pursued. Areas covered: The authors highlight the strategic value of privileged scaffolds in a multi-target lead compound generation against AD, exploring the concept of multi-target design, with a special emphasis on hybrid compounds. Hence, the most promising building blocks for designing and synthesizing hybrid anti-AD drugs are shown, while also presenting the more advanced hybrid compounds. Expert opinion: The available therapeutic arsenal for AD, designed under the traditional paradigm of 'one-drug/one target/one-disease', is based on the inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to increase acetylcholine (ACh) levels. However, this classical approach has not been sufficiently effective when used to treat any multifactor-depending pathology (cancer, diabetes or AD). The multi-target drug concept has been quickly adopted by medicinal chemists. The basic research developments reported in recent years are a solid foundation that will pave the way for the construction of future AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F González
- a Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- a Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Antonio L Doadrio
- a Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jose María Sánchez-Montero
- a Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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100
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Rao F, Yuan Z, Zhang D, Yu F, Li M, Li D, Jiang B, Wen Y, Zhang P. Small-Molecule SB216763-Loaded Microspheres Repair Peripheral Nerve Injury in Small Gap Tubulization. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:489. [PMID: 31156373 PMCID: PMC6530511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury has yet to be fully resolved because of its complicated pathological process. SB216763 is a small molecular compound that can enhance the remyelination of peripheral nerves by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). GSK-3β inhibitor stimulates myelin gene expression and restores the myelin structure. Herein, we presented the effect of integrating small gap tubulization with SB216763-loaded microspheres by using a chitosan conduit. In vitro, SB216763 could promote neurite growth of dorsal root ganglia. In vivo studies showed that SB216763 increased the number of myelinated axons and the thickness of myelin sheaths. Electrophysiological examination and sciatic functional index results also indirectly indicated the role of SB216763 in repairing peripheral nerve injury. SB216763 promoted the recovery of muscle function. Therefore, combining SB216763-loaded PLGA microspheres with conduit small gap tubulization shows potential for applications in repairing peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Rao
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Dianying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Peixun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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