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Mohapatra S, Siddamallaiah L, Matadha NY. Behavior of acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and lambda-cyhalothrin in/on pomegranate tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27481-27492. [PMID: 33506422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate crop is affected by several insect pests and requires usage of a large number of pesticides, but the information on their behavior in pomegranate tissues is limited. A study was conducted to assess the behavior of acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and lambda-cyhalothrin in pomegranate fruits and leaves. The QuEChERS analytical method and LC-MS/MS and GC-MS were used for quantification of the analytes. The LOD (limit of detection) of acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin was 0.0015 mg kg-1 and lambda-cyhalothrin was 0.003 mg kg-1. The respective LOQ (limit of quantification) was 0.005 and 0.01 mg kg-1. The dissipation of the analytes best fitted into first-order rate kinetics and the half-lives of the chemicals in pomegranate fruits were 9.2-13 days and in the leaves were 13.5-17 days. In the pomegranate aril, the residue levels of acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and pyraclostrobin were always < LOQ of these chemicals. Azoxystrobin was detected in pomegranate aril, and its residue was highest at 0.04 mg kg-1 on the 10th day and reached < LOQ by the 25th day. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) required for acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and lambda-cyhalothrin at standard-dose treatment was 50, 58, 44, and 40 days, respectively. From double-dose treatment, the PHIs were 70, 75, 58, and 54 days, respectively. The pesticides used in this study were more persistent in the pomegranate leaves compared to the fruits. The outcome of this study can be incorporated into production of pomegranate fruits safe for consumption and to meet the domestic and export quality control requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudamini Mohapatra
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O, Bangalore, 560089, India.
| | - Lekha Siddamallaiah
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O, Bangalore, 560089, India
| | - Nagapooja Yogendraiah Matadha
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake P.O, Bangalore, 560089, India
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Mpofu E, Alias A, Tomita K, Suzuki-Minakuchi C, Tomita K, Chakraborty J, Malon M, Ogura Y, Takikawa H, Okada K, Kimura T, Nojiri H. Azoxystrobin amine: A novel azoxystrobin degradation product from Bacillus licheniformis strain TAB7. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129663. [PMID: 33515965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) is a broad-spectrum synthetic fungicide widely used in agriculture globally. However, there are concerns about its fate and effects in the environment. It is reportedly transformed into azoxystrobin acid as a major metabolite by environmental microorganisms. Bacillus licheniformis strain TAB7 is used as a compost deodorant in commercial compost and has been found to degrade some phenolic and agrochemicals compounds. In this article, we report its ability to degrade azoxystrobin by novel degradation pathway. Biotransformation analysis followed by identification by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS), high-resolution MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified methyl (E)-3-amino-2-(2-((6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)acrylate, or (E)-azoxystrobin amine in short, and (Z) isomers of AZ and azoxystrobin amine as the metabolites of (E)-AZ by TAB7. Bioassay testing using Magnaporthe oryzae showed that although 40 μg/mL of (E)-AZ inhibited 59.5 ± 3.5% of the electron transfer activity between mitochondrial Complexes I and III in M. oryzae, the same concentration of (E)-azoxystrobin amine inhibited only 36.7 ± 15.1% of the activity, and a concentration of 80 μg/mL was needed for an inhibition rate of 56.8 ± 7.4%, suggesting that (E)-azoxystrobin amine is less toxic than the parent compound. To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying azoxystrobin amine as a less-toxic metabolite from bacterial AZ degradation and reporting on the enzymatic isomerization of (E)-AZ to (Z)-AZ, to some extent, by TAB7. Although the fate of AZ in the soil microcosm supplemented with TAB7 will be needed, our findings broaden our knowledge of possible AZ biotransformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enock Mpofu
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Amirah Alias
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Keisuke Tomita
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chiho Suzuki-Minakuchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenji Tomita
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Joydeep Chakraborty
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michal Malon
- JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogura
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kimura
- Agriculture and Biotechnology Business Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1099 Marune, Kurozasa-cho, Miyoshi-shi, Aichi, 470-0201, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nojiri
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Detoxification Esterase StrH Initiates Strobilurin Fungicide Degradation in Hyphomicrobium sp. Strain DY-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00103-21. [PMID: 33741617 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00103-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strobilurin fungicides are widely used in agricultural production due to their broad-spectrum and fungal mitochondrial inhibitory activities. However, their massive application has restrained the growth of eukaryotic algae and increased collateral damage in freshwater systems, notably harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs). In this study, a strobilurin fungicide-degrading strain, Hyphomicrobium sp. strain DY-1, was isolated and characterized successfully. Moreover, a novel esterase gene, strH, responsible for the de-esterification of strobilurin fungicides, was cloned, and the enzymatic properties of StrH were studied. For trifloxystrobin, StrH displayed maximum activity at 50°C and pH 7.0. The catalytic efficiencies (k cat/Km ) of StrH for different strobilurin fungicides were 196.32 ± 2.30 μM-1 · s-1 (trifloxystrobin), 4.64 ± 0.05 μM-1 · s-1 (picoxystrobin), 2.94 ± 0.02 μM-1 · s-1 (pyraclostrobin), and (2.41 ± 0.19)×10-2 μM-1 · s-1 (azoxystrobin). StrH catalyzed the de-esterification of a variety of strobilurin fungicides, generating the corresponding parent acid to achieve the detoxification of strobilurin fungicides and relieve strobilurin fungicide growth inhibition of Chlorella This research will provide insight into the microbial remediation of strobilurin fungicide-contaminated environments.IMPORTANCE Strobilurin fungicides have been widely acknowledged as an essential group of pesticides worldwide. So far, their residues and toxic effects on aquatic organisms have been reported in different parts of the world. Microbial degradation can eliminate xenobiotics from the environment. Therefore, the degradation of strobilurin fungicides by microorganisms has also been reported. However, little is known about the involvement of enzymes or genes in strobilurin fungicide degradation. In this study, a novel esterase gene responsible for the detoxification of strobilurin fungicides, strH, was cloned in the newly isolated strain Hyphomicrobium sp. DY-1. This degradation process detoxifies the strobilurin fungicides and relieves their growth inhibition of Chlorella.
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Li W, Zhang S, Wang H, Wang Y, Guo W, Yu Z, Ye Q. Translocation and residue of 14C-benzene kresoxim-methyl in mature cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144426. [PMID: 33421785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The broad application of strobilurin fungicide led to pathogen resistance, and toxic effects have been reported for several species. Benzene kresoxim-methyl (BKM) is a novel strobilurin fungicide mainly used to control the cucumber powdery mildew. However, information about the fate of BKM in agrofood systems and related human exposure is limited. In this study, greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the distribution, translocation, and residual of the 10% suspension concentrate (SC) commercial BKM formulations on mature cucumber plants using 14C tracer technology. After foliage and fruit application, 25.84% of the applied 14C-labeled BKM can be absorbed into mature cucumber plants at 21 days after treatment. The absorbed BKM transferred throughout the plant acropetally and basipetally, although over 81.13% of absorbed BKM remained in the labeled leaves. In the edible parts, 14.35% of the absorbed BKM remained in the pericarp of labeled fruits, only 0.027 mg kg-1 accumulated in the sarcocarp. The concentration of BKM in newborn fruits was 0.005 mg kg-1, indicating low dietary exposure. These findings develop a better understanding of the fate of BKM in the cucumber plants, provide guidance in the rational use of BKM and can be incorporated into food and environmental assessments of BKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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55
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Wang X, Li X, Wang Y, Qin Y, Yan B, Martyniuk CJ. A comprehensive review of strobilurin fungicide toxicity in aquatic species: Emphasis on mode of action from the zebrafish model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116671. [PMID: 33582629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins are popular fungicides used in agriculture on a global scale. Due to their widespread use as agrochemicals, they can enter aquatic environments at concentrations that can elicit adverse effects in organisms. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the toxic effects of strobilurin fungicides on aquatic species, including algal species, Daphnia magna, and fish species, to determine risk to aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Data show that the toxicities of strobilurins vary widely across aquatic species. Strobilurins bind cytochrome bc1 in mitochondrial complex III in fungi, and as such, research in aquatic species has focused on mitochondria-related endpoints following exposures to strobilurins. In fish, studies into the activities of mitochondrial complexes and the expression of genes involved in the electron transfer chain have been conducted, converging on the theme that mitochondrial complexes and their enzymes are impaired by strobilurins. In general, the order of toxicity of strobilurins for fish species are pyraoxystrobin > pyraclostrobin ≈ trifloxystrobin > picoxystrobin > kresoxim-methyl > fluoxastrobin > azoxystrobin. In addition to mitochondrial toxicity, studies also report genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine disruption, and each of these events can potentially impact whole organism-level processes such as development, reproduction, and behavior. Screening data from the US Environmental Protection Agency ToxCast database supports the hypothesis that these fungicides may act as endocrine disruptors, and high throughput data suggest estrogen receptor alpha and thyroid hormone receptor beta can be activated by some strobilurins. It is recommended that studies investigate the potential for endocrine disruption by strobilurins more thoroughly in aquatic species. Based on molecular, physiological, and developmental outcomes, a proposed adverse outcome pathway is presented with complex III inhibition in the electron transfer chain as a molecular initiating event. This review comprehensively addresses sub-lethal toxicity mechanisms of strobilurin fungicides, important as the detection of strobilurins in aquatic environments suggests exposure risks in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yingju Qin
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences in Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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56
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Xu Y, Li B, Hou K, Du Z, Allen SC, Zhu L, Li W, Zhu L, Wang J, Wang J. Ecotoxicity evaluation of azoxystrobin on Eisenia fetida in different soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110705. [PMID: 33400946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin, a widely used broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide, may pose a potential threat in agricultural ecosystems. To assess the ecological risk of azoxystrobin in real soil environments, we performed a study on the toxic effects of azoxystrobin on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in three different natural soils (fluvo-aquic soil, black soil and red clay soil) and an artificial soil. Acute toxicity of azoxystrobin was determined by filter paper test and soil test. Accordingly, exposure concentrations of chronic toxicity were set at 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.5 mg kg-1. For chronic toxicity test, reactive oxygen species, activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase), detoxifying enzyme (glutathione transferase), level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and level of oxygen damage of DNA (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) in earthworms were determined on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 42nd and 56th days after treatment. Both acute and chronic toxic results showed azoxystrobin exhibit higher toxicity in natural soil than in artificial soil, indicating that traditional artificial soil testing method underestimate ecotoxicity of azoxystrobin in a real agricultural environment on the earthworm population. Combining with the analysis of soil physicochemical properties, the present experiment provided scientific guidance for rational application of azoxystrobin in agricultural production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Kaixuan Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | | | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Wenxiu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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57
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Li XY, Qin YJ, Wang Y, Huang T, Zhao YH, Wang XH, Martyniuk CJ, Yan B. Relative comparison of strobilurin fungicides at environmental levels: Focus on mitochondrial function and larval activity in early staged zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicology 2021; 452:152706. [PMID: 33548355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurin fungicides are used globally and have been detected in microgram per liter concentrations in aquatic environments. Here, we determined the potential toxicity of four commonly used strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin) on mitochondrial function and locomotor activity of larval zebrafish at an environmentally relevant level. As the mode of action of strobilurins in fungi is binding to cytochrome bc1 in mitochondrial complex III, we evaluated exposure effects on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of zebrafish, by measuring oxygen consumption rates, mitochondria-related enzyme activities, and transcripts levels for genes associated with the electron transfer chain and citric acid cycle. We found that 50 nM pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin lowered basal respiration, oligomycin-induced ATP respiration, and maximal respiration of embryos. Dysfunction in mitochondrial bioenergetics was associated with changes in mitochondrial complex III activity and transcripts of oxidative respiration and stress-related genes. Lower activity of complex III, and reduced cytb mRNA levels were hypothesized to contribute to reduced electron supply to complex IV and V. Both coxI and atp6 were up-regulated, suggesting a compensatory response to impaired oxidative respiration. Cluster analysis indicated that strobilurin-induced oxidative stress and cytb transcript were related to impaired oxidative phosphorylation. We also assessed larval behavior responses, as reduced ATP can affect activity. We observed that pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin induced hypoactive responses in zebrafish. At 50 nM, azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl exerted no effects on mitochondrial function nor locomotion of zebrafish. Studies such as this are important for determining sublethal toxicity to these fungicides, as widespread detection of strobilurins in aquatic environments suggests there is a potential for adverse effects in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Y Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying J Qin
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xiao H Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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58
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Konschak M, Zubrod JP, Baudy P, Fink P, Kenngott KGJ, Englert D, Röder N, Ogbeide C, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Chronic effects of the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin in the leaf shredder Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) via two effect pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111848. [PMID: 33421672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides pose a risk for crustacean leaf shredders serving as key-stone species for leaf litter breakdown in detritus-based stream ecosystems. However, little is known about the impact of strobilurin fungicides on shredders, even though they are presumed to be the most hazardous fungicide class for aquafauna. Therefore, we assessed the impact of the strobilurin azoxystrobin (AZO) on the survival, energy processing (leaf consumption and feces production), somatic growth (growth rate and molting activity), and energy reserves (neutral lipid fatty and amino acids) of the amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum via waterborne exposure and food quality-mediated (through the impact of leaf colonizing aquatic microorganisms) and thus indirect effects using 2 × 2-factorial experiments over 24 days. In a first bioassay with 30 µg AZO/L, waterborne exposure substantially reduced survival, energy processing and affected molting activity of gammarids, while no effects were observed via the dietary pathway. Furthermore, a negative growth rate (indicating a body mass loss in gammarids) was induced by waterborne exposure, which cannot be explained by a loss in neutral lipid fatty and amino acids. These energy reserves were increased indicating a disruption of the energy metabolism in G. fossarum caused by AZO. Contrary to the first bioassay, no waterborne AZO effects were observed during a second experiment with 15 µg AZO/L. However, an altered energy processing was determined in gammarids fed with leaves microbially colonized in the presence of AZO, which was probably caused by fungicide-induced effects on the microbial decomposition efficiency ultimately resulting in a lower food quality. The results of the present study show that diet-related strobilurin effects can occur at concentrations below those inducing waterborne toxicity. However, the latter seems to be more relevant at higher fungicide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany.
| | - J P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal D-76857, Germany
| | - P Baudy
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - P Fink
- Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Köln D-50674, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology and Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstrasse 3a, Magdeburg 39114 D, Germany
| | - K G J Kenngott
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - D Englert
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - N Röder
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - C Ogbeide
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - R Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal D-76857, Germany
| | - M Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, Uppsala SWE-75007, Sweden.
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59
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Kim C, Choe H, Park J, Kim G, Kim K, Jeon HJ, Moon JK, Kim MJ, Lee SE. Molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicities of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin toward zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos: Visualization of abnormal development using two transgenic lines. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116087. [PMID: 33234374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) and pyraclostrobin (PY) are strobilurin fungicides that inhibit fungal mitochondrial respiration. In this study, a representative model, zebrafish (Danio rerio), was used as a test species for acute and developmental toxicity. Survival and malformation rates were observed only PY-treated embryos, with an LC50 value of 77.75 ppb accompanied by a dramatic decrease in hatching rate, while AZ did not show great mortality. Morphological changes were observed in PY-treated embryos with the occurrence of pericadial edema at 25 ppb. A delay in growth was observed after treatment with pyraclostrobin at 50 ppb. Use of genetically engineered Tg(cmlc:EGFP) allowed fluorescence observation during heart development. PY interfered with normal heart development via upregulation of the nppa gene responsible for the expression of natriuretic peptides. Heart function was dramatically reduced as indicated by reduced heart rates. Increased expression of the nppa gene was also seen in AZ-treated embryos. The expression level of cyp24a1 was also up-regulated, while ugt1a1 and sult1st6 were down-regulated after treatment of zebrafish embryos with AZ or PY. Overall, strobilurin fungicides might inhibit normal heart formation and function within the range of concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseung Choe
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Park
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongnam Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Ju Jeon
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kwan Moon
- Department of Plant Life and Environmental Sciences, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Niego AG, Raspé O, Thongklang N, Charoensup R, Lumyong S, Stadler M, Hyde KD. Taxonomy, Diversity and Cultivation of the Oudemansielloid/Xeruloid Taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula with Respect to Their Bioactivities: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:51. [PMID: 33451109 PMCID: PMC7828609 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula are genera of Basidiomycota that constitute an important resource of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactivities of their extracts. The bioactive principles can be divided into two major groups: (a) hydrophilic polysaccharides with relatively high molecular weights and (b) low molecular medium polar secondary metabolites, such as the antifungal strobilurins. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on biodiversity, cultivation of the fungi and bioactivities of their secondary metabolites and discuss future applications. Although the strobilurins are well-documented, with commercial applications as agrochemical fungicides, there are also other known compounds from this group that have not yet been well-studied. Polysaccharides, dihydro-citrinone phenol A acid, scalusamides, and acetylenic lactones such as xerulin, also have potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medicinal market and should be further explored. Further studies are recommended to isolate high quality bioactive compounds and fully understand their modes of action. Given that only few species of oudemansielloid/xeruloid mushrooms have been explored for their production of secondary metabolites, these taxa represent unexplored sources of potentially useful and novel bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Grace Niego
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (O.R.); (N.T.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Iloilo Science and Technology University, La Paz, Iloilo 5000, Philippines
| | - Olivier Raspé
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (O.R.); (N.T.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Naritsada Thongklang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (O.R.); (N.T.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Charoensup
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- Medicinal Plants Innovation Center, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (O.R.); (N.T.)
- Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
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Lu T, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Hu B, Chen J, Chen J, Qian H. Pollutant toxicology with respect to microalgae and cyanobacteria. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:175-186. [PMID: 33183695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are fundamental components of aquatic ecosystems. Pollution in aquatic environment is a worldwide problem. Toxicological research on microalgae and cyanobacteria can help to establish a solid foundation for aquatic ecotoxicological assessments. Algae and cyanobacteria occupy a large proportion of the biomass in aquatic environments; thus, their toxicological responses have been investigated extensively. However, the depth of toxic mechanisms and breadth of toxicological investigations need to be improved. While existing pollutants are being discharged into the environment daily, new ones are also being produced continuously. As a result, the phenomenon of water pollution has become unprecedentedly complex. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on five kinds of aquatic pollutants, namely, metals, nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Further, we present information on emerging pollutants such as graphene, microplastics, and ionic liquids. Efforts in studying the toxicological effects of pollutants on microalgae and cyanobacteria must be increased in order to better predict the potential risks posed by these materials to aquatic ecosystems as well as human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Crupkin AC, Fulvi AB, Iturburu FG, Medici S, Mendieta J, Panzeri AM, Menone ML. Evaluation of hematological parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage in the cichlid Australoheros facetus exposed to the fungicide azoxystrobin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111286. [PMID: 32931973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZX) is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide massively used worldwide. Its mode of action consists in the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration decreasing the synthesis of ATP and leading to oxidative stress in the target fungus. However, whether this effect occurs in non target organisms has been scarcely studied. The objectives of this work were (1) to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress, hematological, physiological and of genotoxicity in the native cichlid fish Australoheros facetus exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of AZX and (2) to compare these biomarkers in different developmental stages using juvenile and adult fish (n = 6) exposed during 48 h. The exposure concentrations were 0 (negative control, C (-)), 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L AZX of the commercial formulation AMISTAR®. Blood was drawn to evaluate hematology, and DNA damage through the comet assay (CA) and micronucleus test (MN). Genotoxicity was observed by mean of both biomarkers in juvenile and adult fish at 50 μg/L AZX. Samples of liver and gills were used to determine antioxidant enzymes activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. In juvenile fish inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed in liver at 0.05, 5 and 50 μg/L AZX and in gills at 5 and 50 μg/L AZX. Glutathione- S- transferases (GST) activity increased in gills at all AZX concentrations tested. In adult fish, increase of hepatic catalase (CAT) activity at 0.5 and 50 μg/L AZX and MDA content at 50 μg/L AZX were observed. In gills only H2O2 content showed changes at 50 μg/L AZX. The sensitivity showed by gills constitutes the first report about AZX toxicity in this organ. All these negative effects were observed in the range of realistic AZX concentrations, which warns of the possible consequences that it may have on the health of aquatic biota. Differences between juvenile and adult fish demonstrate the relevance of considering the developmental stage on the evaluation of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Crupkin
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata (CONICET- UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Argentina.
| | - Ariana B Fulvi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNMdP. Dean Funes 3350, 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando G Iturburu
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata (CONICET- UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Medici
- Fares Taie Instituto de Análisis, Magallanes 3019, 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Julieta Mendieta
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata (CONICET- UNMdP), Dean Funes 3250, 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Panzeri
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNMdP. Dean Funes 3350, 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta L Menone
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata (CONICET- UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang Q, Tang B, Cao M. Synthesis, characterization, and fungicidal activity of novel Fangchinoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Marinho MDC, Diogo BS, Lage OM, Antunes SC. Ecotoxicological evaluation of fungicides used in viticulture in non-target organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43958-43969. [PMID: 32748361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of fungicides, commonly used in vine cultures, on the health of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has been poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of three viticulture fungicides (myclobutanil, cymoxanil, and azoxystrobin) on non-target organisms, the bacteria Rhodopirellula rubra, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Arthrobacter sp., the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, and the macrophyte Lemna minor. Fungicide toxicity was performed in acute cell viability assay for bacteria; 72-h and 7-day growth inhibition tests for R. subcapitata and L. minor, respectively. Contents of photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation in L. minor were evaluated. Arthrobacter sp. and P. putida showed resistance to these fungicides. Even though azoxystrobin affected R. rubra and E. coli cell viability, this effect was due to the solvent used, acetone. Cell viability decrease was obtained for R. rubra exposed to cymoxanil and E. coli exposed to myclobutanil (30 min of exposure at 10 mg/L and 240 min of exposure at 46 mg/L, respectively). R. subcapitata showed about 10-fold higher sensitivity to azoxystrobin (EC50-72h = 0.25 mg/L) and cymoxanil (EC50-72h = 0.36 mg/L) than L. minor to azoxystrobin and myclobutanil (EC50-72h = 1.53 mg/L and EC50-72h = 1.89 mg/L, respectively). No lipid peroxidation was observed in L. minor after fungicide exposure, while changes of total chlorophyll were induced by azoxystrobin and myclobutanil. Our results showed that non-target aquatic organisms of different trophic levels are affected by fungicides used in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Conceição Marinho
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n°, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Salazar Diogo
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n°, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Maria Lage
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n°, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n°, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Chen H, Li L, Lu Y, Shen Y, Zhang M, Ge L, Wang M, Yang J, Tian Z, Tang X. Azoxystrobin Reduces Oral Carcinogenesis by Suppressing Mitochondrial Complex III Activity and Inducing Apoptosis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11573-11583. [PMID: 33209061 PMCID: PMC7670090 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s280285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The five-year survival rate of patients with oral cancer is approximately 50%; thus, alternative drugs with higher efficacy are urgently required. Azoxystrobin (AZOX), a natural, novel methoxyacrylate fungicide isolated from mushrooms, has a broad-spectrum, with highly efficient bactericidal effect. However, studies on AZOX have focused on antifungal effects. Here, we explore the potential cancer-preventive effects of AZOX and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods The effects of AZOX on oral carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) were investigated in C57BL/6 mice. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by Ki67 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining, respectively. The main organ coefficients of each group were calculated to evaluate the biosafety of AZOX. CCK8 and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of AZOX on cell viability and apoptosis in oral cancer cell line CAL27 and SCC15 cells in vitro. Cell cycle, mitochondrial complex III activity, intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial ROS level, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry in AZOX-treated CAL27 cells. Results AZOX significantly inhibited the occurrence of 4NQO-induced tongue cancer and delayed the progression of tongue precancerous lesions in mice. High-dose AZOX obviously inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in epithelial dysplastic and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lesions in mouse tongue mucosa. AZOX was confirmed to have high biosafety. Similarly, in vitro cell viability was suppressed, and apoptosis was induced in AZOX-treated CAL27 and SCC15 cells. AZOX induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. AZOX inhibited mitochondrial complex III activity, increased intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, and decreased MMP in CAL27 cells. Conclusion AZOX inhibited the development of oral cancer through specific inhibition of the activity of mitochondrial complex III, which led to ROS accumulation, and MMP decrease, ultimately inducing apoptosis. AZOX may be a novel agent for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Lu
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Shen
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchuan Tian
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Xing S, Shi L, Liu G, Zhu M, Xu Y, Liu D, He X, Wang Z. S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Promotes Metabolism of Fungicides in Cabernet Sauvignon ( Vitis vinifera L.) Berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12413-12420. [PMID: 33104344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are commonly used to prevent and treat grape (Vitis vinifera L.) diseases; however, they are potentially toxic to humans. Herein, we show that the application of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) accelerated the metabolism of various fungicides in Cabernet Sauvignon berries. The substances and enzymes involved in the metabolism of fungicides were analyzed to elucidate the effects of SAM. Results showed that SAM improved the production rate of superoxide anion, the hydrogen peroxide content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in azoxystrobin-treated berries. Additionally, SAM had a positive effect on the content of reduced glutathione and on the activities of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Importantly, the stimulatory effect of SAM on fungicide metabolism was also observed for metalaxyl and thiophanate-methyl. These results suggest that SAM can be used to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Xing
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
| | - Ling Shi
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
| | - Guangjuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
| | - Mingrui Zhu
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Xu
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
| | - Xin He
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
| | - Zirong Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
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Zhang M, Liu W, Qu Q, Ke M, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Lu T, Qian H. Metabolomic modulations in a freshwater microbial community exposed to the fungicide azoxystrobin. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 97:102-109. [PMID: 32933724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An effective broad-spectrum fungicide, azoxystrobin (AZ), has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems, potentially affecting the growth of aquatic microorganisms. In the present study, the eukaryotic alga Monoraphidium sp. and the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. were exposed to AZ for 7 days. Our results showed that 0.2-0.5 mg/L concentrations of AZ slightly inhibited the growth of Monoraphidium sp. but stimulated Pseudanabaena sp. growth. Meanwhile, AZ treatment effectively increased the secretion of total organic carbon (TOC) in the culture media of the two species, and this phenomenon was also found in a freshwater microcosm experiment (containing the natural microbial community). We attempted to assess the effect of AZ on the function of aquatic microbial communities through metabolomic analysis and further explore the potential risks of this compound. The metabonomic profiles of the microcosm indicated that the most varied metabolites after AZ treatment were related to the citrate cycle (TCA), fatty acid biosynthesis and purine metabolism. We thereby inferred that the microbial community increased extracellular secretions by adjusting metabolic pathways, which might be a stress response to reduce AZ toxicity. Our results provide an important theoretical basis for further study of fungicide stress responses in aquatic microcosm microbial communities, as well as a good start for further explorations of AZ detoxification mechanisms, which will be valuable for the evaluation of AZ environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Department of Jianhu, Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, Shaoxing 31200, China
| | - Wanyue Liu
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Cerezer C, Marins AT, Cerezer FO, Severo ES, Leitemperger JW, Grubel Bandeira NM, Zanella R, Loro VL, Santos S. Influence of pesticides and abiotic conditions on biochemical biomarkers in Aegla aff. longirostri (crustacea, anomura): Implications for conservation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110982. [PMID: 32888624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are constantly threatened by the advance of agricultural activities. Abiotic variables (such as temperature, ammonia, and nitrite) and contaminants (e.g. pesticides) can potentially interact, increasing metabolism and the absorption of toxic substances, which can alter the ability of organisms to establish adequate stress responses. This study aimed to verify which pesticides were most frequently found and in the greatest quantities in low-order streams, and whether the combination of these pesticides with the abiotic variables altered the biological metabolism of aeglids. These freshwater crustaceans are important shredders that inhabit low-order streams and are sensitive to disturbances and/or abrupt environmental variations. The animals were exposed in situ in four streams (reference site and sites 1, 2, and 3). The reference site is a preserved stream with no apparent anthropogenic interference where aeglids still occur, while the other sites no longer exhibit populations of these animals and are influenced by agricultural activities. The exposure was performed bimonthly from November 2017 to September 2018 and lasted 96 h. Measured abiotic data and water samples were collected through all days of exposure. The analyzed biochemical parameters were acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle; and glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, non-protein thiols, antioxidant capacity against peroxides, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle, gills, and hepatopancreas. We found 24 active principles of pesticides, the most frequently being clomazone, atrazine, and propoxur. Bentazone was present at the highest amounts. The parameters evaluated in this study, including biochemical biomarkers and abiotic factors measured from the water, provided a separation of the months as a function of environmental conditions. There was a difference in activity and biomarker levels throughout the year within the same site and in some months between sites. The greater concentration or variety of pesticides associated with extreme abiotic (very high temperatures) data generated increased oxidative stress, with high levels of protein damage and considerable lipid damage in all tissues, as well as elevation in ROS, even with high levels of antioxidant capacity and non-protein thiols. With these data, we intend to warn about the risks of exposure to these environmental conditions by trying to contribute to the preservation of limnic fauna, especially aeglid crabs, because most species are under some degree of threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Aline Teixeira Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Osmari Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Stringini Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jossiele Wesz Leitemperger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nelson Miguel Grubel Bandeira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandro Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Chen Y, Lu Y, Nie E, Akhtar K, Zhang S, Ye Q, Wang H. Uptake, translocation and accumulation of the fungicide benzene kresoxim-methyl in Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica campastris var. parachinensis) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114815. [PMID: 32559858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzene kresoxim-methyl (BKM) is an important methoxyacrylate-based strobilurin fungicide widely used against various phytopathogenic fungi in crops. Uptake, translocation and accumulation of BKM in vegetables remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate uptake, translocation, and accumulation of 14C-BKM and/or its potential metabolites in Chinese flowering cabbage and water spinach. 14C-BKM can be gradually taken up to reach a maximum of 44.4% of the applied amount by Chinese flowering cabbage and 34.6% by water spinach at 32 d after application. The 14CO2 fractions released from the hydroponic plant system reached 37.8% for cabbage and 45.8% for water spinach, respectively. Concentrations of 14C in leaves, stems and roots all gradually increased as vegetables growing, with relative 44.9% (cabbage) and 26.8% (water spinach) of translocated from roots to edible leaves. In addition, 14C in leaves was mainly accumulated in the bottom leaves, which was visualized by quantitative radioautographic imaging. The bioconcentration factor of 14C ranged from 7.1 to 38.2 mL g-1 for the cabbage and from 8.6 to 24.6 mL g-1 for the water spinach. The translocation factor of BKM ranged from 0.10 to 2.04 for the cabbage and 0.10-0.46 for the water spinach throughout the whole cultivation period, indicating that the cabbage is easier to translocate BKM from roots to leaves and stems than water spinach. In addition, the daily human exposure values of BKM in both vegetables were much lower than the limited dose of 0.15 mg day-1. The results help assess potential accumulation of BMK in vegetables and potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Enguang Nie
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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70
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Uçkun AA, Öz ÖB. Evaluation of the acute toxic effect of azoxystrobin on non-target crayfish ( Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) by using oxidative stress enzymes, ATPases and cholinesterase as biomarkers. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 44:550-557. [PMID: 32498565 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1774604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum fungicide used worldwide. Since azoxystrobin spreads to large areas, its toxic effects on non-target organisms have aroused interest. In this study, the acute toxicity (96 h) of azoxystrobin on the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) was examined by using various biomarkers. The 96 h-LC50 dose (1656 mg L-) and its three sub-doses (828, 414, 207 mg L-1) were applied to crayfish. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were increased significantly compared to the control in hepatopancreas, gill and muscle tissues. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity decreased significantly in hepatopancreas. Level of reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased significantly. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in a dose-dependent manner in all azoxystrobin treatments with the exception of the lowest dose (207 mg L-1)treatment. ATPases (Na+/K+ -ATPase, Mg2+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -ATPase, total ATPase) were significantly inhibited in gill and muscle tissues. The results of the present study indicate that azoxystrobin induces oxidative stress, and has adverse effects on activities of AChE and ATPases in crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Alkan Uçkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Özden Barım Öz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Aquaculture, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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71
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Ouyang W, Hao X, Tysklind M, Yang W, Lin C, Wang A. Typical pesticides diffuse loading and degradation pattern differences under the impacts of climate and land-use variations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105717. [PMID: 32283357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Riverine sediment can reconstruct the history of organic pollution loads and can provide reliable temporal information for pesticide metabolite dynamics in watershed. Sediment core samples were collected from two riverine sections of a cold watershed base in the presence land use change under agricultural development, and the vertical concentrations of four pesticides (atrazine, prometryn, isoprothiolane, and oxadiazon) and two atrazine metabolites (deisopropyl-atrazine and deethyl-atrazine) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of pesticides and metabolites was detected at different depths (11-17 cm) at 1-cm intervals along the two sediment cores, and the flux was calculated with a constant rate of supply model based on the observed concentrations and 210Pb isotope radioactivity chronology. By comparing the concentrations and fluxes of pesticides between the two sediment sections, significant differences in accumulation under different land-use patterns were found. Redundancy analysis further indicated that temporal watershed farmland variance was the dominant factor for pesticide loading. The lower concentration of atrazine and the higher concentration of the other pesticides in the estuarine sediment was closely related to the decreasing upland in the upstream area and the increase in paddy fields in the downstream area. The analysis of atrazine and the metabolites indicated that atrazine is more likely degraded to deethyl-atrazine and the metabolites have similar migration processes in the sediments, which can easily migrate downward. Moreover, the ratio of metabolites to atrazine showed that atrazine degradation was intensive during the transport process, but the metabolites efficiency was lower in this area due to the cold temperature. The results provide insights for the management of pesticide pollution control in watersheds and the potential effects of low temperature on the degradation of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mats Tysklind
- Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wanxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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72
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Wang K, Sun Z, Yang L, He L, Li X, Wang G. Respiratory Toxicity of Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin and Coumoxystrobin on Chlorella vulgaris. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:799-803. [PMID: 32388572 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ), pyraclostrobin (PYR) and coumoxystrobin (COU) exert negative impacts on Chlorella vulgaris. Thus, in this study, C. vulgaris was used to assess the respiratory toxicity of AZ, PYR and COU by determining the acute toxicity, complex III activity and ATP viability. The 96 h-EC50 values of AZ, PYR and COU for C. vulgaris were 1.85, 2.21 and 1.62 mg/L, respectively. AZ, PYR and COU exerted significant effects on complex III activity and ATP viability after exposure to 0.71, 1.01 and 1.08 mg/L of the fungicides. The binding potentials of AZ, PYR and COU toward ubiquinone were - 10.44, - 9.31 and - 12.98 kcal/mol, respectively, which had adverse effects on amino acids. These results provided new insight into the potential acute respiratory toxicity mechanisms of these strobilurin fungicides in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liandong Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu He
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghai Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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73
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Chlorantraniliprole induces adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the AMPKα pathway but not the ER stress pathway. Food Chem 2020; 311:125953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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74
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Kinetics and New Mechanism of Azoxystrobin Biodegradation by an Ochrobactrum anthropi Strain SH14. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050625. [PMID: 32357564 PMCID: PMC7284741 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Azoxystrobin is one of the most popular strobilurin fungicides, widely used in agricultural fields for decades.Extensive use of azoxystrobin poses a major threat to ecosystems. However, little is known about the kinetics and mechanism of azoxystrobin biodegradation. The present study reports a newly isolated bacterial strain, Ochrobactrum anthropi SH14, utilizing azoxystrobin as a sole carbon source, was isolated from contaminated soils. Strain SH14 degraded 86.3% of azoxystrobin (50 μg·mL−1) in a mineral salt medium within five days. Maximum specific degradation rate (qmax), half-saturation constant (Ks), and inhibition constant (Ki) were noted as 0.6122 d−1, 6.8291 μg·mL−1, and 188.4680 μg·mL−1, respectively.Conditions for strain SH14 based azoxystrobin degradation were optimized by response surface methodology. Optimum degradation was determined to be 30.2 °C, pH 7.9, and 1.1 × 107 CFU·mL−1 of inoculum. Strain SH14 degraded azoxystrobin via a novel metabolic pathway with the formation of N-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-acetamide,2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-5,6-dimethyl-pyridine, and 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid,6,8-difluoro-4-hydroxy-ethyl ester as the main intermediate products, which were further transformed without any persistent accumulative product. This is the first report of azoxystrobin degradation pathway in a microorganism. Strain SH14 also degraded other strobilurin fungicides, including kresoxim-methyl (89.4%), pyraclostrobin (88.5%), trifloxystrobin (78.7%), picoxystrobin (76.6%), and fluoxastrobin (57.2%) by following first-order kinetic model. Bioaugmentation of azoxystrobin-contaminated soils with strain SH14 remarkably enhanced the degradation of azoxystrobin, and its half-life was substantially reduced by 95.7 and 65.6 days in sterile and non-sterile soils, respectively, in comparison with the controls without strain SH14. The study presents O. anthropi SH14 for enhanced biodegradation of azoxystrobin and elaborates on the metabolic pathways to eliminate its residual toxicity from the environment.
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75
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Shan Y, Cao L, Muhammad B, Xu B, Zhao P, Cao C, Huang Q. Iron-based porous metal–organic frameworks with crop nutritional function as carriers for controlled fungicide release. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 566:383-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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76
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Feng Y, Huang Y, Zhan H, Bhatt P, Chen S. An Overview of Strobilurin Fungicide Degradation:Current Status and Future Perspective. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:389. [PMID: 32226423 PMCID: PMC7081128 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Strobilurin fungicides have been widely used in agricultural fields for decades. These pesticides are designed to manage fungal pathogens, although their broad-spectrum mode of action also produces non-target impacts. Therefore, the removal of strobilurins from ecosystems has received much attention. Different remediation technologies have been developed to eliminate pesticide residues from soil/water environments, such as photodecomposition, ozonation, adsorption, incineration, and biodegradation. Compared with conventional methods, bioremediation is considered a cost-effective and ecofriendly approach for the removal of pesticide residues. Several strobilurin-degrading microbes and microbial communities have been reported to effectively utilize pesticide residues as a carbon and nitrogen source. The degradation pathways of strobilurins and the fate of several metabolites have been reported. Further in-depth studies based on molecular biology and genetics are needed to elaborate their role in the evolution of novel catabolic pathways and the microbial degradation of strobilurins. The present review summarizes recent progress in strobilurin degradation and comprehensively discusses the potential of strobilurin-degrading microorganisms in the bioremediation of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangzhou, China
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77
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Celeiro M, Vazquez L, Nurerk P, Kabir A, Furton KG, Dagnac T, Llompart M. Fabric phase sorptive extraction for the determination of 17 multiclass fungicides in environmental water by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1817-1829. [PMID: 31958358 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A rapid environmental pollution screening and monitoring workflow based on fabric phase sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (FPSE-GC-MS/MS) is proposed for the first time for the analysis of 17 widespread used fungicides (metalaxyl, cyprodinil, tolylfluanid, procymidone, folpet, fludioxonil, myclobutanil, kresoxim methyl, iprovalicarb, benalaxyl, trifloxystrobin, fenhexamid, tebuconazole, iprodione, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin and dimethomorph) in environmental waters. The most critical parameters affecting FPSE, such as sample volume, matrix pH, desorption solvent and time, and ionic strength were optimized by statistical design of experiment to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed FPSE-GC-MS/MS method was validated in terms of linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy and precision. To assess matrix effects, recovery studies were performed employing different water matrices including ultrapure, fountain, river, spring, and tap water at 4 different concentration levels (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 µg/L). Recoveries were quantitative with values ranging between 70-115%, and relative standard deviation values lower than 14%. Limits of quantification were at the low ng/L for all the target fungicides. Finally, the validated FPSE-GC-MS/MS method was applied to real water samples, revealing the presence of 11 out of the 17 target fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeiro
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lua Vazquez
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Piyaluk Nurerk
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, USA
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Agronomic and Agrarian Centre (AGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, Apartado 10, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria Llompart
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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78
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Zhang Y, Sheedy C, Nilsson D, Goss GG. Evaluation of interactive effects of UV light and nano encapsulation on the toxicity of azoxystrobin on zebrafish. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:232-249. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1690064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Claudia Sheedy
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Denise Nilsson
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Greg G. Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Director of Office of Environmental Nanosafety, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Canada
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79
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Jeon J, Hollender J. In vitro biotransformation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides by trout liver S9 in the presence and absence of carbamazepine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109513. [PMID: 31421535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop (i) a technique for identifying metabolites of organic contaminants by using an in vitro system of trout S9 and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based identification method and (ii) to apply this technique to identify the interactive potential of carbamazepine on the formation rate of other metabolites. The pharmaceuticals carbamazepine and propranolol and the pesticides azoxystrobin, diazinon, and fipronil were selected as test contaminants. As a result, a total of ten metabolites were identified for the five parent substances, six of which were confirmed using reference standards. Metabolic reactions included hydroxylation, epoxidation, S-oxidation, and dealkylation. The metabolic transformation rate ranged from 0.2 to 3.5 pmol/mg protein/min/μmol substrate. In the binary exposure experiment with increasing carbamazepine concentration, the formation rates of diazinon and fipronil metabolites (MDI2 and MFP2, respectively) increased, while formation of metabolites of propranolol and azoxystrobin (MPR1, MPR2, MPR3, and MAZ1) slowed down. Meanwhile, S9 pre-exposed to carbamazepine produced diazoxon, a toxic metabolite of diazinon, and pyrimidinol, a less toxic metabolite, more rapidly. These results suggest that carbamazepine, a perennial environmental pollutant, might modulate the toxicity of other substances such as diazinon but further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Jeon
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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80
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Lu T, Zhou Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Qian H. Ecotoxicological Effects of Fungicides Azoxystrobin and Pyraclostrobin on Freshwater Aquatic Bacterial Communities. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:683-688. [PMID: 31471659 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of the fungicides azoxystrobin (AZ) and pyraclostrobin (PYR) can have negative effects on aquatic environments, but comprehensive studies on their effect on aquatic microbial communities are still lacking. We found that AZ and PYR could both inhibit the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, but PYR also inhibited Microcystis aeruginosa more strongly than did AZ. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that AZ promoted the growth of Cyanobacteria in microcosms, and both PYR and AZ disturbed the ecological balance in the aquatic bacterial community and created distinct ecological risks. Our study suggests that the ecological risk of fungicides is complex, and fungicide use should be better managed to reduce potential risks to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China.
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81
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Lu T, Zhang Q, Lavoie M, Zhu Y, Ye Y, Yang J, Paerl HW, Qian H, Zhu YG. The fungicide azoxystrobin promotes freshwater cyanobacterial dominance through altering competition. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:128. [PMID: 31484554 PMCID: PMC6727577 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sharp increases in food production worldwide are attributable to agricultural intensification aided by heavy use of agrochemicals. This massive use of pesticides and fertilizers in combination with global climate change has led to collateral damage in freshwater systems, notably an increase in the frequency of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs). The precise mechanisms and magnitude of effects that pesticides exert on HCBs formation and proliferation have received little research attention and are poorly constrained. RESULTS We found that azoxystrobin (AZ), a common strobilurin fungicide, can favor cyanobacterial growth through growth inhibition of eukaryotic competitors (Chlorophyta) and possibly by inhibiting cyanobacterial parasites (fungi) as well as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Meta-transcriptomic analyses identified AZ-responsive genes and biochemical pathways in eukaryotic plankton and bacteria, potentially explaining the microbial effects of AZ. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into the intertwined effects of a fungicide and eutrophication on microbial planktonic communities and cyanobacterial blooms in a eutrophic freshwater ecosystem. This knowledge may prove useful in mitigating cyanobacteria blooms resulting from agricultural intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, G1VOA6, Québec, Canada
| | - Youchao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Ecoenvironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 People’s Republic of China
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82
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Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of azoxystrobin residues in cucumber. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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83
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Ju C, Zhang H, Yao S, Dong S, Cao D, Wang F, Fang H, Yu Y. Uptake, Translocation, and Subcellular Distribution of Azoxystrobin in Wheat Plant ( Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6691-6699. [PMID: 31135152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The uptake mechanism, translocation, and subcellular distribution of azoxystrobin (5 mg kg-1) in wheat plants was investigated under laboratory conditions. The wheat-water system reached equilibrium after 96 h. Azoxystrobin concentrations in roots were much higher than those in stems and leaves under different exposure times. Azoxystrobin uptake by roots was highly linear at different exposure concentrations, while the bioconcentration factors and translocation factors were independent of the exposed concentration at the equilibrium state. Dead roots adsorbed a larger amount of azoxystrobin than fresh roots, which was measured at different concentrations. Azoxystrobin preferentially accumulated in organelles, and the highest distribution proportion was detected in the soluble cell fractions. This study elucidated that the passive transport and apoplastic pathway dominated the uptake of azoxystrobin by wheat roots. Azoxystrobin primarily accumulated in roots and could be acropetally translocated, but its translocation capacity from roots to stems was limited. Additionally, the uptake and distribution of azoxystrobin by wheat plants could be predicted well by a partition-limited model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ju
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Shijie Yao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Suxia Dong
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Duantao Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Feiyan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
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84
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Šelešovská R, Herynková M, Skopalová J, Kelíšková-Martinková P, Janíková L, Chýlková J. Reduction behavior of insecticide azoxystrobin and its voltammetric determination using silver solid amalgam electrode. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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85
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Cao F, Martyniuk CJ, Wu P, Zhao F, Pang S, Wang C, Qiu L. Long-Term Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of Azoxystrobin Delays Sexual Development and Alters Reproduction in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1672-1679. [PMID: 30615409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin (AZO) can induce adverse effects in aquatic organisms, but data are lacking on endpoints associated with sexual development and reproduction following chronic exposure to AZO. In this study, zebrafish embryos (F0) at 2-4 h postfertilization (hpf) were exposed to 0.2, 2.0, and 20.0 μg/L AZO until 120 d postfertilization (dpf). Decreased male ratio and increased intersex ratio were observed by 20.0 μg/L AZO at 42 and 60 dpf, but this effect disappeared at 120 dpf. AZO at 20.0 μg/L inhibited growth, retarded gonadal development, and disrupted sex hormone and vitellogenin in females at 60 and 120 dpf and in males at 42, 60, and 120 dpf. These effects were associated with altered expression of cyp19a, cyp19b, hsd3b, hsd17b, vtg1, and vtg2. Exposure to 2.0 μg/L AZO altered mRNA levels of these transcripts in females at 120 dpf and in males at 60 and 120 dpf. Reproduction ability was reduced by 20.0 μg/L AZO at 120 dpf. Developmental defects were observed after F1 embryos from exposed parents of 20.0 μg/L were reared in AZO-free water at 96 hpf. Overall, these data provide new understanding of fish sexual development and reproduction following chronic exposures to AZO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Peizhuo Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Sen Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
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86
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Imura N, Ae M, Hoshino R, Abe M, Yamamuro T, Oyama K, Oyama Y. Membrane hyperpolarization and depolarization of rat thymocytes by azoxystrobin, a post harvest fungicide. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:35-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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87
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Du B, Zhang Z, Liu W, Ye Y, Lu T, Zhou Z, Li Y, Fu Z, Qian H. Acute toxicity of the fungicide azoxystrobin on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:72-79. [PMID: 30384169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) is an effective broad-spectrum fungicide. Due to its extensive application, AZ is detectable in aquatic ecosystems and thus influences aquatic organisms. In this study, the acute toxicity (96 h) of AZ at concentrations of 1.0 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were examined. At the tested concentrations, AZ significantly inhibited P. tricornutum growth and destroyed its cellular structure. Furthermore, the mechanisms of AZ-induced toxicity on P. tricornutum changed as the exposure time extended. Forty-eight hours after exposure, AZ inhibited P. tricornutum growth primarily via inducing oxidative stress, which increased the activity of two main antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and inhibited energy metabolism. However, after 96 h of treatment, the decline in the photosynthetic capacity of P. tricornutum demonstrated that the photosystem was the main AZ target. The pigment content and expression levels of genes related to photosynthetic electron transfer reactions were also significantly decreased. The present study describes AZ toxicity in P. tricornutum and is very valuable for assessing the environmental risk of AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benben Du
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Wanyue Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Yizhi Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhanyu Fu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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88
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Oxidation Behavior of Insecticide Azoxystrobin and its Voltammetric Determination Using Boron-doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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89
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Baćmaga M, Wyszkowska J, Kucharski J. The biochemical activity of soil contaminated with fungicides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:252-262. [PMID: 30628546 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1553908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excess fungicides can pose a serious threat to the soil environment. Fungicides can lower the microbiological and biochemical activity of soil and lead to yield declines. Soils contaminated with fungicides have to be remediated to maintain the optimal function of soil ecosystems. This study evaluates the effect of neutralizing substances on soil enzymatic activity and the yield of Triticum aestivum L. in soil contaminated with fungicides. Sandy loam (Eutric Cambisols) with pHKCl 7.0 was contaminated with an aqueous solution of Amistar 250 SC and Falcon 460 EC in the following doses: 0 (soil without fungicide - treated as a control), RD (dose recommended by the manufacturer) and 300 × RD (dose 300-fold higher than the recommended dose). Soil was supplemented with bentonite and basalt meal at a dose of 10 g kg-1 DM of soil (dry mass of soil). The fungicide dose recommended by the manufacturer did not induce changes in soil enzymatic activity or the yield of T. aestivum L. Our findings indicate that the tested fungicides can be safely applied to protect crops against fungal pathogens. However, when applied at the dose of 300 × RD, the tested fungicides strongly inhibited soil enzymatic activity and disrupted the growth and development of spring wheat. Soil supplementation with bentonite and basalt meal improved the yield of T. aestivum L., and bentonite was more effective in reducing fungicide stress. The analyzed substances were not highly effective in restoring biochemical homeostasis in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Baćmaga
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Jan Kucharski
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
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90
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Garanzini DS, Medici S, Moreyra LD, Menone ML. Acute exposure to a commercial formulation of Azoxystrobin alters antioxidant enzymes and elicit damage in the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:135-143. [PMID: 30804636 PMCID: PMC6352532 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin is a strobilurin of growing concern in aquatic environments because it is the most sold fungicide worldwide, however, the information available about its effect on aquatic non-target organisms is scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential physiological, biochemical, and genetic effects at environmentally relevant (1-10 μg/L) and elevated (100-500 μg/L) concentrations in the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense exposed to the commercial formulation AMISTAR®. Following an acute 24-h exposure, there were no effects of AMISTAR® on photosynthetic pigments at any of the concentrations evaluated. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was significantly elevated at 1 and 10 μg/L AZX. Significant decrease of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in plants exposed to 500 μg/L, and to 100 and 500 μg/L, respectively, and an increase in glycolate oxidase activity at 500 μg/L was observed. DNA damage at 100 and 500 μg/L was observed. These data indicate that although environmentally relevant levels of AMISTAR® did not result cytotoxic, this fungicide was genotoxic, affecting the physiological process of photorespiration and caused oxidative damage at high concentrations. In this sense, it is necessary to explore sub-lethal responses in non-target organisms because some effects could promote further potential long-term biological consequences in a context of repeated pulses of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Garanzini
- Lab. Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC)-UNMDP/CONICET, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sandra Medici
- Fares Taie Instituto de Análisis, Magallanes 3019, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Lucía D. Moreyra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales- UNMDP, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Mirta L. Menone
- Lab. Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC)-UNMDP/CONICET, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires Argentina
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91
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Guo G, Liu F, Bian Y, Li X. Bitter gourd has the highest azoxystrobinon residue after open field application on four cucurbit vegetables. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203967. [PMID: 30379877 PMCID: PMC6209134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to select a representative cucurbit vegetable crop that contained the highest residue levels of the pesticide azoxystrobinon. To do this, we used open field application of azoxystrobinon in four cucurbit crops (cucumber, zucchini, bitter gourd, and loofah) in Beijing, Shandong, and Anhui. Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring was used to determine azoxystrobinon levels in each of the selected cucurbit vegetables. The azoxystrobinon limit of detection was 0.005 mg kg-1 for all samples. Recoveries of azoxystrobinon ranged from 94.2% to 107.1% at spiked levels of 0.005-0.5 mg kg-1. In field trials, the half-life of azoxystrobinon in each of the four cucurbit crops was within the range of 1.4-3.1 d. Based on these results, we recommend that bitter gourd is selected as a representative cucurbit vegetable for future studies of azoxystrobinon. The obtained residual data were also assessed for their dietary risk and results indicated that there is no chronic dietary risk in any of the four, selected cucurbit vegetables. The recommended maximum residue limit (MRL) of azoxystrobinon in this subgroup was 0.2 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Bian
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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92
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Wang L, Zhao J, Delgado-Moreno L, Cheng J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Ye Q, Wang W. Degradation and metabolic profiling for benzene kresoxim-methyl using carbon-14 tracing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:1221-1229. [PMID: 29801215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzene kresoxim-methyl (BKM) is an effective strobilurin fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens but limited information is available on its degradation and metabolism. This study explored the degradation and metabolic profiling for BKM in soils by carbon-14 tracing and HPLC-TOF-MS2 analyzing. Results indicated that 88%-98% of 14C-BKM remained as parent or incomplete intermediates after 100 days. Three main radioactive metabolites (M1 to M3, ≥90%) and three subordinate radioactive metabolites (Ma to Mc, ≤2%) were observed, along with a non-radioactive metabolite M4. The main intermediates were further confirmed by self-synthesizing their authentic standards, and BKM was proposed to degrade via pathways including: 1) the oxidative cleavage of the acrylate double bond to give BKM-enol (M1); 2) the hydrolysis of the methyl ester to give BKM acid (M2); 3) the cleavage of M1 and M2 to yield Mc, which could be decarboxylated to give M3; and 4) the ether cleavage between aromatic rings to form M4. This study builds a solid metabolic profiling method for strobilurins and gives a deeper insight into the eventual fate of BKM by demonstrating its transformation pathways for the first time, which may also be beneficial for understanding the risks of other analogous strobilurins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jinhao Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Laura Delgado-Moreno
- Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) Granada, Spain
| | - Jingli Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Hangzhou Research Institute of Garden Science, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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93
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Li H, Cao F, Zhao F, Yang Y, Teng M, Wang C, Qiu L. Developmental toxicity, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity induced by three strobilurins (pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin and picoxystrobin) in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:781-790. [PMID: 29859490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins is the most widely used class of fungicides, but is reported highly toxic to some aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to a range concentrations of three strobilurins (pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin and picoxystrobin) for 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) to assess their aquatic toxicity. The 96-h LC50 values of pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin and picoxystrobin to embryos were 61, 55, 86 μg/L, respectively. A series of symptoms were observed in developmental embryos during acute exposure, including decreased heartbeat, hatching inhibition, growth regression, and morphological deformities. Moreover, the three fungicides induced oxidative stress in embryos through increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents, inhibiting superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content as well as differently changing catalase (CAT) activity and mRNA levels of genes related to antioxidant system (Mn-sod, Cu/Zn-sod, Cat, Nrf2, Ucp2 and Bcl2). In addition, exposure to the three strobilurins resulted in significant upregulation of IFN and CC-chem as well as differently changed expressions of TNFa, IL-1b, C1C and IL-8, which related to the innate immune system, suggesting that these fungicides caused immunotoxicity during zebrafish embryo development. The different response of enzymes and genes in embryos exposed to the three fungicides might be the cause that leads to the difference of their toxicity. This work made a comparison of the toxicity of three strobilurins to zebrafish embryos on multi-levels and would provide a better understanding of the toxic effects of strobilurins on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangjie Cao
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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94
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Jiang J, Shi Y, Yu R, Chen L, Zhao X. Biological response of zebrafish after short-term exposure to azoxystrobin. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:56-64. [PMID: 29554508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide that widely used in the world. The present study investigated the toxicity effects on zebrafish after short-term exposure of AZ. Results demonstrated that the larval stage was most susceptible to AZ in the multiple life stages of zebrafish, with 96 h-LC50 value of 0.777 mg/L. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to different AZ concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/L) and examined on 24, 48 and 72 h. It was found that AZ induced ROS accumulation, increased GST, GPX and POD activity and the transcriptions of antioxidant and stress response related genes, while the opposite trend occurred for SOD and CAT activity in 24-h or 48-h exposure period. The increased E2 and VTG levels in zebrafish larvae, and altered transcription levels of regulatory and steroidogenic genes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis indicated the endocrine disruption capacity of AZ. The transcripts of mdm2, p53, ogg1, bcl2, bbc3, cas8 and cas9 involved in cell apoptosis, and the mRNA levels of cytokines and chemokines such as cxcl-c1c, ccl, il-1β, il-8, ifn, and tnfα were in accordance with the trends of the examined genes involved in oxidative stress and endocrine system. The results suggested that short-term exposure to AZ might impose ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish larvae, and the information presented here also provide molecular strategies and increase mechanistic understanding of AZ-induced toxic response, and help elucidate the environmental risks of AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Jiang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruixian Yu
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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95
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Liu X, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang J, Wang C, Li X, Pang S. Acute toxicity and associated mechanisms of four strobilurins in algae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:12-16. [PMID: 29653384 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins have been reported highly toxic to non-target aquatic organisms but few illustrated how they cause toxic effects on algae. This study investigated the acute toxicity of Kresoxim-methy (KRE), Pyraclostrobin (PYR), Trifloxystrobin (TRI) and Picoxystrobin (PIC) on two algae and their toxicity mechanisms. Four strobilurins showed lower toxic effects on Chlorella pyrenoidsa but higher on Chlorella vulgaris. bc1 complex activities in C. vulgaris were significantly inhibited by all strobilurins, suggesting bc 1 complex might be the target of strobilurin toxicity in algae. Moreover, SOD, CAT and POD activities were significantly up-regulated by all doses of KRE, PYR and PIC. In contrast, low concentrations of TRI stimulated SOD and POD activities but highest concentration significantly inhibited those activities. Comet assays showed damaged DNA in C. vulgaris by four strobulirins, suggesting their potential genotoxic threats to algae. The results illustrated acute toxicity by strobulirins on algae and their possible toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Junli Zhang
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 375A Newins-Ziegler Hall, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Chengju Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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96
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Wu S, Lei L, Liu M, Song Y, Lu S, Li D, Shi H, Raley-Susman KM, He D. Single and mixture toxicity of strobilurin and SDHI fungicides to Xenopus tropicalis embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:8-15. [PMID: 29407742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The decline in amphibian populations is a critical threat to global biodiversity, and pesticide pollution is considered as one of the major factors. Although effects of single pesticides on amphibians have been documented, toxicological interactions prevailing in mixtures of pesticides have not been well elucidated. Strobilurin and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are new types of commonly used pesticides. In this study, effects of three strobilurins (pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin and azoxystrobin), two SDHIs (isopyrazam and bixafen), and their mixtures on X. tropicalis embryos were fully investigated. Results showed that exposure to individual fungicides induced lethal and teratogenetic effects; and malformed embryos displayed similar phenotypes including microcephaly, hypopigmentation, somite segmentation and narrow fin. Exposure to two strobilurins or two SDHIs at equitoxic concentrations caused additive or synergetic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. TU for mixtures of isopyrazam and bixafen was 0.53 and 0.30 for lethal and teratogenic toxicity, respectively. Finally, binary mixtures of strobilurins and SDHIs also exhibited additive or synergetic effects on amphibian embryos. Overall, these results reveal that the mixtures of multiple fungicides caused a higher incidence of lethality and teratogenicity of amphibian embryos, compared to a single fungicide at the corresponding doses. Our findings provide important data about the ecotoxicology of agricultural fungicides on non-target organisms, which is useful for guiding management practices for pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lili Lei
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Song
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shibo Lu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dan Li
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | | | - Defu He
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai 200241, China.
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97
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Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of azoxystrobin nanosuspension produced by wet media milling. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To improve the bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble fungicide, an azoxystrobin nanosuspension was prepared by the wet media milling method. Due to their reduced mean particle size and polydispersity index, 1-Dodecanesulfonic acid sodium salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 were selected from six conventional surfactants, the content only accounting for 15% of the active compound. The mean particle size, polydispersity index, and
$$\zeta$$
ζ
potential of the nanosuspension were determined to be 238.1 ± 1.5 nm, 0.17 ± 0.02 and − 31.8 ± 0.3 mV, respectively. The lyophilized nanosuspension mainly retained crystalline state, with only a little amorphous content as determined by powder X-ray diffraction. Compared to conventional fungicide formulations, the nanosuspension presented an increased retention volume and a reduced contact angle, indicating enhanced wettability and adhesion. In addition, the azoxystrobin nanosuspension showed the highest antifungal activity, with a medial lethal concentration of 1.4243 μg/mL against Fusarium oxysporum. In optical micrographs, hyphal deformations of thinner and intertwined hyphae were detected in the exposed group. Compared to the control group, the total soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were initially increased and then decreased with prolonged exposure time. The azoxystrobin nanosuspension reduced the defensive antioxidant capability of Fusarium oxysporum and resulted in the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species. This study provides a novel method for preparing nanosuspension formulation of poorly soluble antifungal agents to enhance the biological activity and decrease the negative environmental impact.
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98
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Rodrigues ET, Alpendurada MF, Ramos F, Pardal MÂ. Environmental and human health risk indicators for agricultural pesticides in estuaries. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:224-231. [PMID: 29288903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to contribute to a better assessment of pesticide environmental and human health (here evaluated in the context of human exposure via food items) risks for the estuarine system by comprehensively studying the spatial and temporal occurrence of the pesticides atrazine, azoxystrobin, bentazon, λ-cyhalothrin, penoxsulam and terbuthylazine in the River Mondego estuary (Portugal). Pesticide quantification was performed in surface water, sediment, macroalgae (Ulva spp., Gracilaria gracilis, Fucus vesiculosus), aquatic plants (Zostera noltii, Spartina maritime, Scirpus maritimus) and bivalves (Scrobicularia plana). Since intense precipitation could promote the runoff of pesticides from the surrounding agricultural fields, a single long-duration flood event was also studied in this estuarine system. Under normal flow conditions, quantified concentrations were determined mostly during summer in agreement with the pesticide application period. Azoxystrobin presented the highest detection frequency and atrazine (an herbicide used globally but banned in the EU) presented the second highest frequency, thus highlighting the need to include legacy pesticides in monitoring programmes. Pesticide concentrations in surface water determined in the present study suggest low risk to estuarine organisms. However, all the pesticides were bioaccumulated by S. plana, leading us to consider that pesticides may not only cause adverse effects on the aquatic organism itself, but should also be an alert for human exposure, for this is an edible species and is considered of economic interest. Concern is also expressed about edible seaweeds, since s-triazine pesticides were found in Ulva spp. and G. gracilis. Acknowledging these concerns, developing and establishing allowable pesticide safety values for edible seaweeds and bivalves is recommended, as well as monitoring bivalve pesticide levels, using the whole animal, as a human health exposure indicator for estuarine systems. During the studied flood event, it appears that no serious pesticide contamination has occurred in the River Mondego estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Teresa Rodrigues
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Fátima Alpendurada
- Water Institute of the Northern Region, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres 229, 4450-113 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Ângelo Pardal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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99
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Liang S, Xu X, Lu Z. Effect of azoxystrobin fungicide on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng leaves. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:175-182. [PMID: 29719464 PMCID: PMC5926504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of fungicide azoxystrobin, applied as foliar spray, on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng was studied in ginseng (Panax ginseng Mey. cv. "Ermaya") under natural environmental conditions. Different concentrations of 25% azoxystrobin SC (150 g a.i./ha and 225 g a.i./ha) on ginseng plants were sprayed three times, and the changes in physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng leaves were tested. METHODS Physiological and biochemical indices were measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2450). Every index was determined three times per replication. Extracts of ginsenosides were analyzed by HPLC (Shimadzu LC20-AB) utilizing a GL-Wondasil C18 column. RESULTS Chlorophyll and soluble protein contents were significantly (p = 0.05) increased compared with the control by the application of azoxystrobin. Additionally, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and ginsenoside contents in azoxystrobin-treated plants were improved, and malondialdehyde content and O2- contents were reduced effectively. Azoxystrobin treatments to ginseng plants at all growth stages suggested that the azoxystrobin-induced delay of senescence was due to an enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity protecting the plants from harmful active oxygen species. When the dose of azoxystrobin was 225 g a.i./ha, the effect was more significant. CONCLUSION This work suggested that azoxystrobin played a role in delaying senescence by changing physiological and biochemical indices and improving ginsenoside contents in ginseng leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuanwei Xu
- Ginseng and Antler Products Testing Center of the Ministry of Agricultural PRC, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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100
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Lu T, Zhu Y, Xu J, Ke M, Zhang M, Tan C, Fu Z, Qian H. Evaluation of the toxic response induced by azoxystrobin in the non-target green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:379-388. [PMID: 29202416 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The top-selling strobilurin, azoxystrobin (AZ), is a broad-spectrum fungicide that protects against many kinds of pathogenic fungi by preventing their ATP production. The extensive use of AZ can have negative consequences on non-target species and its effects and toxic mechanisms on algae are still poorly understood. In this work, Chlorella pyrenoidosa that had been grown in BG-11 medium was exposed to AZ (0.5-10 mg L-1) for 10 d. The physiological and molecular responses of the algae to AZ treatment, including photosynthetic efficiency, lipid peroxidation level, antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as transcriptome-based analysis of gene expression, were examined to investigate the potential toxic mechanism. Results shows that the photosynthetic pigment (per cell) increased slightly after AZ treatments, indicating that the photosystem of C. pyrenoidosa may have been strengthened. Glutathione and ascorbate contents were increased, and antioxidant enzyme activities were induced to relieve oxidative damage (e.g., from lipid peroxidation) in algae after AZ treatment. Transcriptome-based analysis of gene expression combined with physiological verification suggested that the 5 mg L-1 AZ treatment did not inhibit ATP generation in C. pyrenoidosa, but did significantly alter amino acid metabolism, especially in aspartate- and glutamine-related reactions. Moreover, perturbation of ascorbate synthesis, fat acid metabolism, and RNA translation was also observed, suggesting that AZ inhibits algal cell growth through multiple pathways. The identification of AZ-responsive genes in the eukaryotic alga C. pyrenoidosa provides new insight into AZ stress responses in a non-target organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Youchao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chengxia Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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