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Nickel S, Schröder W, Schmalfuss R, Saathoff M, Harmens H, Mills G, Frontasyeva MV, Barandovski L, Blum O, Carballeira A, de Temmerman L, Dunaev AM, Ene A, Fagerli H, Godzik B, Ilyin I, Jonkers S, Jeran Z, Lazo P, Leblond S, Liiv S, Mankovska B, Núñez-Olivera E, Piispanen J, Poikolainen J, Popescu IV, Qarri F, Santamaria JM, Schaap M, Skudnik M, Špirić Z, Stafilov T, Steinnes E, Stihi C, Suchara I, Uggerud HT, Zechmeister HG. Modelling spatial patterns of correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in mosses and atmospheric deposition in 2010 across Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:53. [PMID: 30613461 PMCID: PMC6302881 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aims to investigate the correlations between the concentrations of nine heavy metals in moss and atmospheric deposition within ecological land classes covering Europe. Additionally, it is examined to what extent the statistical relations are affected by the land use around the moss sampling sites. Based on moss data collected in 2010/2011 throughout Europe and data on total atmospheric deposition modelled by two chemical transport models (EMEP MSC-E, LOTOS-EUROS), correlation coefficients between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were specified for spatial subsamples defined by ecological land classes of Europe (ELCE) as a spatial reference system. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and logistic regression (LR) were then used to separate moss sampling sites regarding their contribution to the strength of correlation considering the areal percentage of urban, agricultural and forestry land use around the sampling location. After verification LDA models by LR, LDA models were used to transform spatial information on the land use to maps of potential correlation levels, applicable for future network planning in the European Moss Survey. RESULTS Correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were found to be specific for elements and ELCE units. Land use around the sampling sites mainly influences the correlation level. Small radiuses around the sampling sites examined (5 km) are more relevant for Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, while the areal percentage of urban and agricultural land use within large radiuses (75-100 km) is more relevant for As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and V. Most valid LDA models pattern with error rates of < 40% were found for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and V. Land use-dependent predictions of spatial patterns split up Europe into investigation areas revealing potentially high (= above-average) or low (= below-average) correlation coefficients. CONCLUSIONS LDA is an eligible method identifying and ranking boundary conditions of correlations between atmospheric deposition and respective concentrations of heavy metals in moss and related mapping considering the influence of the land use around moss sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nickel
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | | | - Roman Schmalfuss
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Maike Saathoff
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Harry Harmens
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Gina Mills
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Marina V. Frontasyeva
- Moss Survey Coordination Centre, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna, Moscow Region Russian Federation
| | | | - Oleg Blum
- National Botanical Garden, Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Anatoly M. Dunaev
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | | | - Barbara Godzik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ilia Ilyin
- Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Siiri Liiv
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Blanka Mankovska
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Juha Piispanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Stihi
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Ivan Suchara
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Kłos A, Ziembik Z, Rajfur M, Dołhańczuk-Śródka A, Bochenek Z, Bjerke JW, Tømmervik H, Zagajewski B, Ziółkowski D, Jerz D, Zielińska M, Krems P, Godyń P, Marciniak M, Świsłowski P. Using moss and lichens in biomonitoring of heavy-metal contamination of forest areas in southern and north-eastern Poland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:438-449. [PMID: 29426166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the years 2014-2016 biomonitoring studies were conducted in the forest areas of south and north-eastern Poland: the Karkonosze Mountains, the Beskidy Mountains, the Borecka Forest, the Knyszyńska Forest and the Białowieska Forest. This study used epigeic moss Pleurozium schreberi and epiphytic lichens Hypogymnia physodes. Samples were collected in spring, summer and autumn. Approximately 500 samples of moss and lichens were collected for the study. In the samples, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations were determined. Based on the obtained results, the studied areas were ranked by extent of heavy-metal deposition: Beskidy > Karkonosze Mountains > forests of north-eastern Poland. Some seasonal changes in concentrations of metals accumulated in moss and lichens were also indicated. There was observed, i.a., an increase in Cd concentration at the beginning of the growing season, which may be related to low emissions during the heating season. Analysis of the surface distribution of deposition of metals in the studied areas showed a significant contribution of nearby territorial emissions and unidentified local emission sources. The contribution of distant emission to Zn, Hg and Pb deposition levels in the Karkonosze and Beskidy region was also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kłos
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Ziembik
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Bochenek
- Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Z. Modzelewskiego 27, 02-679 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Jarle W Bjerke
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, PO Box 6606 Langnes, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Hans Tømmervik
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, PO Box 6606 Langnes, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Bogdan Zagajewski
- Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Ziółkowski
- Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Z. Modzelewskiego 27, 02-679 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Dominik Jerz
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Maria Zielińska
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Paweł Krems
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Piotr Godyń
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Marciniak
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Paweł Świsłowski
- Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
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53
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Monitoring Heavy Metal Contents with Sphagnum Junghuhnianum Moss Bags in Relation to Traffic Volume in Wuxi, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020374. [PMID: 29470433 PMCID: PMC5858443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite its small size, a moss bag can reveal the different temporal and spatial deposition patterns of pollutants at a particular site; therefore, researchers can use moss bags to determine pollution sources and to put forward strategies for pollution control. Although the use of moss bags to monitor atmospheric pollution has been widely reported in Europe, there are few such empirical studies in China. Thus, in this study, bags containing the moss Sphagnum junghuhnianum were used to assess the concentrations of heavy metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)) at five sampling sites (four roads and a forest park) during the summer and winter of 2012. According to the relative accumulation factor (RAF) and contamination factor (CF) results, pollution in winter was heavier than that in summer, and Cr was found to be the most contaminating, having the highest mean CF. There was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between traffic volume and concentration for three heavy metals (Cr, Cu, and V) in winter, whereas a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between traffic volume and concentrations for four heavy metal elements (Cr, Pb, V, and Zn) in summer, indicating a close relationship between heavy metal contents and traffic volume. Although there was substantial variation in the concentrations of the five heavy metals in the moss bags, significant correlations between heavy metals suggested that the contaminants originated from a common source, namely vehicle emissions. The results demonstrated that the four roads were subject to different degrees of pollution depending on the volume of traffic using each road. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that traffic volume is a major reason for heavy metal pollution.
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Lazo P, Steinnes E, Qarri F, Allajbeu S, Kane S, Stafilov T, Frontasyeva MV, Harmens H. Origin and spatial distribution of metals in moss samples in Albania: A hotspot of heavy metal contamination in Europe. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:337-349. [PMID: 29017111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the spatial distribution of 37 elements in 48 moss samples collected over the whole territory of Albania and provides information on sources and factors controlling the concentrations of elements in the moss. High variations of trace metals indicate that the concentrations of elements are affected by different factors. Relations between the elements in moss, geochemical interpretation of the data, and secondary effects such as redox conditions generated from local soil and/or long distance atmospheric transport of the pollutants are discussed. Zr normalized data, and the ratios of different elements are calculated to assess the origin of elements present in the current moss samples with respect to different geogenic and anthropogenic inputs. Factor analysis (FA) is used to identify the most probable sources of the elements. Four dominant factors are identified, i.e. natural contamination; dust emission from local mining operations; atmospheric transport of contaminants from local and long distance sources; and contributions from air borne marine salts. Mineral particle dust from local emission sources is classified as the most important factor affecting the atmospheric deposition of elements accumulated in the current moss samples. The open slag dumps of mining operation in Albania is probably the main factor contributing to high contents of Cr, Ni, Fe, Ti and Al in the moss. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to clarify whether the elements in the present moss samples mainly originate from atmospheric deposition and/or local substrate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranvera Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. "Zog I", Tirana 1001, Albania.
| | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Flora Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | | | - Sonila Kane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Trajce Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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55
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Nielsen TF, Larsen JR, Michelsen A, Bruun HH. Are herbarium mosses reliable indicators of historical nitrogen deposition? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1201-1207. [PMID: 28420490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mosses collected decades ago and stored in herbaria are often used to assess historical nitrogen deposition. This method is effectively based on the assumption that tissue N concentration remains constant during storage. The present study raises serious doubt about the generality of that assumption. We measured tissue N and C concentrations as well as δ15N, δ13C, Pb and Mg in herbarium and present day samples of seven bryophyte species from six sites across Denmark. While an increase in nitrogen deposition during the last century is well-documented for the study site, we surprisingly found foliar N concentration to be higher in historical samples than in modern samples. Based on δ15N values and Pb concentration, we find nitrogen contamination of herbarium specimens during storage to be the most likely cause, possibly in combination with dilution though growth and/or decomposition during storage. We suggest ways to assess contamination and recommend caution to be taken when using herbarium specimens to assess historical pollution if exposure during storage cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tora Finderup Nielsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Ruf Larsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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56
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Cogolludo J, Estébanez B, Medina NG. The effects of experimentally supplied lead nitrate on three common Mediterranean moss species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26194-26205. [PMID: 28527144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We assess here, through an experimental simulation using lead nitrate, the response to lead deposition of three common Mediterranean bryophyte species in the family Pottiaceae. Five concentrations of lead nitrate (from 0 to 10-3 M) were sprayed for 4 months on plants belonging to Tortula muralis (reported as toxitolerant), Syntrichia ruralis (medium-tolerant), and Tortula subulata (less tolerant). The three species showed a remarkably high tolerance to lead nitrate, with a low incidence of damage even at concentrations as high as 10-4 M. The maximum concentration (10-3 M), although resulting eventually in serious damages in the gametophyte of the three species (high mortality rates in S. ruralis and T. subulata, or a significant percentage of damaged tissue in T. muralis), did not prevent the production of sporophytes in the two species with fertile samples (T. muralis and T. subulata). Growth parameters show limited value as bioindicators of lead deposition, as they only show clear effects at very high concentrations. Besides, we identified the existence of a lead exclusion strategy mediated by mucilage using histochemical analyses and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This mechanism can hamper the usefulness of these mosses in quantitative estimation of lead deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cogolludo
- Dpto. Biología, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Estébanez
- Dpto. Biología, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore G Medina
- Dpto. Biología, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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57
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Türtscher S, Berger P, Lindebner L, Berger TW. Declining atmospheric deposition of heavy metals over the last three decades is reflected in soil and foliage of 97 beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands in the Vienna Woods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:561-573. [PMID: 28709055 PMCID: PMC5584674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rigorous studies on long-term changes of heavy metal distribution in forest soils since the implementation of emission controls are rare. Hence, we resampled 97 old-growth beech stands in the Vienna Woods. This study exploits an extensive data set of soil (infiltration zone of stemflow and between trees area) and foliar chemistry from three decades ago. It was hypothesized that declining deposition of heavy metals is reflected in soil and foliar total contents of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Fe. Mean soil contents of Pb in the stemflow area declined at the highest rate from 223 to 50 mg kg-1 within the last three decades. Soil contents of Pb and Ni decreased significantly both in the stemflow area and the between trees area down to 80-90 cm soil depth from 1984 to 2012. Top soil (0-5 cm) accumulation and simultaneous loss in the lower soil over time for the plant micro nutrients Cu and Zn are suggested to be caused by plant uptake from deep horizons. Reduced soil leaching, due to a mean soil pH (H2O) increase from 4.3 to 4.9, and increased plant cycling are put forward to explain the significant increase of total Mn contents in the infiltration zone of beech stemflow. Top soil Pb contents in the stemflow area presently exceed the critical value at which toxicity symptoms may occur at numerous sites. Mean foliar contents of all six studied heavy metals decreased within the last three decades, but plant supply with the micro nutrients Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe is still in the optimum range for beech trees. It is concluded that heavy metal pollution is not critical for the studied beech stands any longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Türtscher
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Live Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pétra Berger
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Live Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Lindebner
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Live Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Torsten W Berger
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Live Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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58
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Šillerová H, Chrastný V, Vítková M, Francová A, Jehlička J, Gutsch MR, Kocourková J, Aspholm PE, Nilsson LO, Berglen TF, Jensen HKB, Komárek M. Stable isotope tracing of Ni and Cu pollution in North-East Norway: Potentials and drawbacks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:149-157. [PMID: 28528262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of Ni and Cu isotopes for tracing contamination sources in the environment remains a challenging task due to the limited information about the influence of various biogeochemical processes influencing stable isotope fractionation. This work focuses on a relatively simple system in north-east Norway with two possible endmembers (smelter-bedrock) and various environmental samples (snow, soil, lichens, PM10). In general, the whole area is enriched in heavy Ni and Cu isotopes highlighting the impact of the smelting activity. However, the environmental samples exhibit a large range of δ60Ni (-0.01 ± 0.03‰ to 1.71 ± 0.02‰) and δ65Cu (-0.06 ± 0.06‰ to -3.94 ± 0.3‰) values which exceeds the range of δ60Ni and δ65Cu values determined in the smelter, i.e. in feeding material and slag (δ60Ni from 0.56 ± 0.06‰ to 1.00 ± 0.06‰ and δ65Cu from -1.67 ± 0.04‰ to -1.68 ± 0.15‰). The shift toward heavier Ni and Cu δ values was the most significant in organic rich topsoil samples in the case of Ni (δ60Ni up to 1.71 ± 0.02‰) and in lichens and snow in the case of Cu (δ65Cu up to -0.06 ± 0.06‰ and -0.24 ± 0.04‰, respectively). These data suggest an important biological and biochemical fractionation (microorganisms and/or metal uptake by higher plants, organo-complexation etc.) of Ni and Cu isotopes, which should be quantified separately for each process and taken into account when using the stable isotopes for tracing contamination in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Šillerová
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladislav Chrastný
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vítková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Francová
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jehlička
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marissa R Gutsch
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kocourková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Paul E Aspholm
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Lars O Nilsson
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Tore F Berglen
- Department Urban Environment and Industry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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59
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Filella M, Rodríguez-Murillo JC. Less-studied TCE: are their environmental concentrations increasing due to their use in new technologies? CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:605-616. [PMID: 28525874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The possible environmental impact of the recent increase in use of a group of technology-critical elements (Nb, Ta, Ga, In, Ge and Te) is analysed by reviewing published concentration profiles in environmental archives (ice cores, ombrotrophic peat bogs, freshwater sediments and moss surveys) and evaluating temporal trends in surface waters. No increase has so far been recorded. The low potential direct emissions of these elements, resulting from their absolute low production levels, make it unlikely that the increasing use of these elements in modern technology has any noticeable effect on their environmental concentrations on a global scale. This holds particularly true for those of these elements that are probably emitted in relatively high amounts from other human activities (i.e., coal combustion and non-ferrous smelting), such as In, the most studied element of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filella
- Institute F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - J C Rodríguez-Murillo
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo., E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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60
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Lequy E, Saby NPA, Ilyin I, Bourin A, Sauvage S, Leblond S. Spatial analysis of trace elements in a moss bio-monitoring data over France by accounting for source, protocol and environmental parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:602-610. [PMID: 28283296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution in trace elements (TE) remains a concern for public health in Europe. For this reasons, networks of air pollution concentrations or exposure are deployed, including a moss bio-monitoring programme in Europe. Spatial determinants of TE concentrations in mosses remain unclear. In this study, the French dataset of TE in mosses is analyzed by spatial autoregressive model to account for spatial structure of the data and several variables proven or suspected to affect TE concentrations in mosses. Such variables include source (atmospheric deposition and soil concentrations), protocol (sampling month, collector, and moss species), and environment (forest type and canopy density, distance to the coast or the highway, and elevation). Modeled atmospheric deposition was only available for Cd and Pb and was one of the main explanatory variables of the concentrations in mosses. Predicted soil content was also an important explanatory variable except for Cr, Ni, and Zn. However, the moss species was the main factor for all the studied TE. The other environmental variables affected differently the TE. In particular, the forest type and canopy density were important in most cases. These results stress the need for further research on the effect of the moss species on the capture and retention of TE, as well as for accounting for several variables and the spatial structure of the data in statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Lequy
- Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | | | - Ilia Ilyin
- Meteorological Synthesising Centre East of EMEP, Krasina pereulok, 16/1, 123056 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aude Bourin
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, SAGE, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - Stéphane Sauvage
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, SAGE, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - Sébastien Leblond
- Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
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Stihi C, Popescu IV, Frontasyeva M, Radulescu C, Ene A, Culicov O, Zinicovscaia I, Dulama ID, Cucu-Man S, Todoran R, Gheboianu AI, Bucurica A, Bancuta I, Dima G. Characterization of Heavy Metal Air Pollution in Romania Using Moss Biomonitoring, Neutron Activation Analysis, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1275661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stihi
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Ion V. Popescu
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Marina Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - Cristiana Radulescu
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Otilia Culicov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania
| | - Ioana Daniela Dulama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Simona Cucu-Man
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Todoran
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Center, Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Anca Irina Gheboianu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Alin Bucurica
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Iulian Bancuta
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Gabriel Dima
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
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Zhou X, Chen Q, Liu C, Fang Y. Using Moss to Assess Airborne Heavy Metal Pollution in Taizhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040430. [PMID: 28420186 PMCID: PMC5409631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bryophytes act as bioindicators and bioaccumulators of metal deposition in the environment. To understand the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in Taizhou, East China, samples of moss (Haplocladium microphyllum) were collected from 60 sites selected by a systematic sampling method during the summer of 2012, and the concentrations of these heavy metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results suggested that the concentrations of these metals varied moderately among different sites, indicating a similar contamination level for each element throughout the monitoring region. The mean values under investigation were higher than those from neighboring cities, such as Wuxi, Xuzhou, and Nanjing, and much higher than those in Europe based on a 2010 survey. Significant (p < 0.01) correlations were identified among some of the heavy metals, suggesting that these originated from identical sources. There was no statistically significant correlation between Hg and all the other elements. Spatial distribution maps of the elements over the sampled territory were created using Arc-GIS 9.0. The potential ecological risk index indicated that the air was heavily polluted by Cd and Hg, and that there was a considerable potential ecological risk from all the heavy metals studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qin Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Vasil’eva IE, Shabanova EV. Certified reference materials of geological and environmental objects: Problems and solutions. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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64
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Balabanova B, Stafilov T, Šajn R, Andonovska KB. Quantitative assessment of metal elements using moss species as biomonitors in downwind area of lead-zinc mine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:290-301. [PMID: 27911670 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1253403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Distributions of a total of 21 elements were monitored in significantly lead-zinc polluted area using moss species (Hypnum cupressiforme and Camptothecium lutescens) used interchangeably, covering a denser sampling network. Interspecies comparison was conducted using Box-Cox transformed values, due to their skewed distribution. The median concentrations of trace elements in the both mosses examined decreased in the following order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni∼Cr∼As>Co>Cd>Hg. For almost all analyzed elements, H. cupressiforme revealed higher bio-accumulative abilities. For arsenic contents was obtained ER-value in favor of C. lutescens. The ER for the element contents according to the distance from the pollution source in selected areas was significantly enriched for the anthropogenic introduced elements As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. After Box-Cox transformation of the content values, TB was significantly different for As (4.82), Cd (3.84), Cu (2.95), Pb (4.38), and Zn (4.23). Multivariate factor analysis singled out four elemental associations: F1 (Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Li-Ni-V), F2 (Cd-Pb-Zn), F3 (Ca-Mg-Na-P) and F4 (Cu) with a total variance of 89%. Spatial distribution visualized the hazardously higher contents of "hot spots" of Cd > 1.30 mg/kg, Cu > 22 mg/kg, Pb > 130 mg/kg and Zn > 160 mg/kg. Therefore, main approach in moss biomonitoring should be based on data management of the element distribution by reducing the effect of extreme values (considering Box-Cox data transformation); the interspecies variation in sampling media does not deviate in relation to H. cupressiforme vs. C. lutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trajče Stafilov
- b Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University , Skopje , Macedonia
| | - Robert Šajn
- c Geological Survey of Slovenia , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Katerina Bačeva Andonovska
- d Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts , Skopje , Macedonia
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65
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Pająk M, Halecki W, Gąsiorek M. Accumulative response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) to heavy metals enhanced by Pb-Zn ore mining and processing plants: Explicitly spatial considerations of ordinary kriging based on a GIS approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:851-859. [PMID: 27836278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have an accumulative response to heavy metals present in soils or deposited from airborne sources of emissions. Therefore, their tissues are very often used in studies of heavy metal contamination originating from different sources as a bioindicator of environmental pollution. This research was undertaken to examine accumulation capacities of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Cr in washed and unwashed needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and leaves of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) growing in a contaminated area. We collected needles of Scots pine and leaves of silver birch in an area around a sedimentation pond and metallurgic plant processing Pb and Zn ores near Olkusz, Poland. Concentrations of heavy metals, which have been linked with exposure to emissions, were determined from foliar samples collected at 33 sites. These sites were established at various distances (0.5-3.6 km) from the pond and metallurgic plant so as to identify the predominant accumulative response of plants. Spatial gradients for Pb and Zn were calculated using an ordinary kriging interpolation algorithm. A spatial pattern was identified by a GIS method to visualize maps over the Pb-Zn ore mining area. The accumulation of Zn (R2 = 0.74, p < 0.05) and Pb (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.01) in plant tissues correlated with soil concentrations. This tendency was not found in the case of Cu, Cd and Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pająk
- Department of Forest Ecology and Reclamation, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wiktor Halecki
- Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Development, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Gąsiorek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
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Lequy E, Dubos N, Witté I, Pascaud A, Sauvage S, Leblond S. Assessing temporal trends of trace metal concentrations in mosses over France between 1996 and 2011: A flexible and robust method to account for heterogeneous sampling strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:828-836. [PMID: 27838064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Air quality biomonitoring has been successfully assessed using mosses for decades in Europe, particularly regarding heavy metals (HM). Assessing robust temporal variations of HM concentrations in mosses requires to better understand to what extent they are affected by the sampling protocol and the moss species. This study used the concentrations of 14 elements measured during four surveys over 15 years in France. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and a modeling approach were used to decipher temporal variations for each element and adjust them with parameters known to affect concentrations. ANOVA followed by post hoc analyses did not allow to estimate clear trends. A generalized additive mixed modeling approach including the sampling period, the collector and the moss species, plus quadratic effects, was used to analyze temporal variations on repeated sampling sites. This approach highlighted the importance of accounting for non-linear temporal variations in HM, and adjusting for confounding factors such as moss species, species-specific differences between sampling periods, collector and methodological differences in sampling campaigns. For instance, lead concentrations in mosses decreased between 1996 and 2011 following quadratic functions, with faster declines for the most contaminated sites in 1996. On the other hand, other HM showed double trends with U-shaped or hill-shaped curves. The effect of the moss was complex to handle and our results advocate for using one moss species by repeated site to better analyze temporal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Lequy
- Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Dubos
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR 7204) & Mécanismes adaptatifs et évolution (MECADEV UMR 7179), Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, CP51, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Witté
- Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Aude Pascaud
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environment, SAGE, F-59508, Douai, France; Université de Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Stéphane Sauvage
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environment, SAGE, F-59508, Douai, France; Université de Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Sébastien Leblond
- Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France
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Bargagli R. Moss and lichen biomonitoring of atmospheric mercury: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:216-231. [PMID: 27501421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-range transport and residence time of elemental Hg (Hg°) in air promote global dispersion and deposition in remote ecosystems. Many biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the photoreduction and phytovolatilization of Hg from terrestrial ecosystems, and the assessment of deposition and volatilization fluxes is very challenging. Mosses and lichens are widespread in nature and constitute the dominant vegetation in alpine and polar ecosystems. This review surveys the results of Hg biomonitoring with cryptogams in areas with different Hg sources and deposition processes. Lichen and moss ecophysiology, and factors affecting Hg uptake and bioaccumulation are discussed. Although some laboratory experiments indicate a linear accumulation of Hg in cryptogams exposed to Hg°, without any significant release, in nature the Hg accumulated in cryptogams is in a dynamic equilibrium with Hg in air and decreases when organisms are transplanted to clean environments. Mercury concentrations in mosses and lichens have often been used to estimate concentrations and deposition fluxes of atmospheric Hg; however, Hg° exchanges between cryptogams and air, and the time necessary for mosses and lichens to equilibrate elemental composition with changing atmospheric chemistry, preclude reliable estimates. Biological processes of Hg uptake and exchange with air cannot be reproduced by mechanical collectors, and comparisons between Hg concentrations in biomonitors and those in atmospheric deposition are scarcely reliable. However, the Hg biomonitoring with mosses and lichens is easy and cheap and allows to locate "hot spots" of natural or anthropogenic emissions and to assess spatio-temporal changes in Hg deposition patterns. Climate change is affecting the global Hg cycle through the melting of sea-ice in coastal Polar Regions, and modifying Hg sequestration in mountain ecosystems. Despite limitations, large-scale monitoring of Hg with mosses and lichens may be used as a tool to evaluate the impact of global processes in remote ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bargagli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, Siena, Italy
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Natali M, Zanella A, Rankovic A, Banas D, Cantaluppi C, Abbadie L, Lata JC. Assessment of trace metal air pollution in Paris using slurry-TXRF analysis on cemetery mosses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23496-23510. [PMID: 27614637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mosses are useful, ubiquitous accumulation biomonitors and as such can be used for biomonitoring surveys. However, the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution can be compromised in urban contexts if the targeted biomonitors are regularly disturbed, irregularly distributed, or are difficult to access. Here, we test the hypothesis that cemeteries are appropriate moss sampling sites for the evaluation of air pollution in urban areas. We sampled mosses growing on gravestones in 21 urban and peri-urban cemeteries in the Paris metropolitan area. We focused on Grimmia pulvinata (Hedwig) Smith, a species abundantly found in all studied cemeteries and very common in Europe. The concentration of Al, As, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, V, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sr, Ti, and Zn was determined by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique coupled with a slurry sampling method (slurry-TXRF). This method avoids a digestion step, reduces the risk of sample contamination, and works even at low sample quantities. Elemental markers of road traffic indicated that the highest polluted cemeteries were located near the highly frequented Parisian ring road and under the influence of prevailing winds. The sites with the lowest pollution were found not only in the peri-urban cemeteries, adjoining forest or farming landscapes, but also in the large and relatively wooded cemeteries located in the center of Paris. Our results suggest that (1) slurry-TXRF might be successfully used with moss material, (2) G. pulvinata might be a good biomonitor of trace metals air pollution in urban context, and (3) cemetery moss sampling could be a useful complement for monitoring urban areas. Graphical abstract We tested the hypothesis that cemeteries are appropriate moss sampling sites for the evaluation of air pollution in urban areas. We sampled 110 moss cushions (Grimmia pulvinata) growing on gravestones in 21 urban and peri-urban cemeteries in the Paris metropolitan area. The concentration of 20 elements in mosses was determined by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique coupled with a slurry sampling method. Statistical analysis revealed that: - Urbanized Parisian areas crossed by traffic roads have the highest polluted cemeteries with a strong influence of main wind direction on the distribution of air pollutants - As expected, small cemeteries with low tree density were heavily polluted - Less obvious, large green spaces such as large cemeteries (Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse) in the center of a dense metropolis like Paris present the same level of atmospheric trace metal pollution as cemeteries in less urbanized areas or nearing a very large forest. This suggests that even in densely urbanized areas, there is more spatial variability in pollution distribution than usually assumed and that large urban areas with low traffic and green filters such as trees are likely to intercept air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Natali
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, ICMATE-CNR, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Augusto Zanella
- University of Padua, Agripolis, Department TESAF, Viale dell'Università, 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Aleksandar Rankovic
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Univ Paris Diderot Paris 07, UPEC, UMR 7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, Tour 44-45, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007, Paris, France
| | - Damien Banas
- UR AFPA - INRA, Université de Lorraine, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Chiara Cantaluppi
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, ICMATE-CNR, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Luc Abbadie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Univ Paris Diderot Paris 07, UPEC, UMR 7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, Tour 44-45, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean -Christophe Lata
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Univ Paris Diderot Paris 07, UPEC, UMR 7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, Tour 44-45, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry, Institute of Natural Resources, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
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Peraza-Castro M, Sauvage S, Sánchez-Pérez JM, Ruiz-Romera E. Effect of flood events on transport of suspended sediments, organic matter and particulate metals in a forest watershed in the Basque Country (Northern Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:784-797. [PMID: 27392333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the processes controlling sediment, organic matter and metal export is critical to assessing and anticipating risk situations in water systems. Concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), dissolved (DOC) and particulate (POC) organic carbon and metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe) in dissolved and particulate phases were monitored in a forest watershed in the Basque Country (Northern Spain) (31.5km(2)) over three hydrological years (2009-2012), to evaluate the effect of flood events on the transport of these materials. Good regression was found between SPM and particulate metal concentration, making it possible to compute the load during the twenty five flood events that occurred during the study period at an annual scale. Particulate metals were exported in the following order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni. Annual mean loads of SPM, DOC and POC were estimated at 2267t, 104t and 57t, respectively, and the load (kg) of particulate metals at 76 (Ni), 83 (Cu), 135 (Pb), 256 (Cr), 532 (Zn), 1783 (Mn) and 95170 (Fe). Flood events constituted 91%-SPM, 65%-DOC, 71%-POC, 80%-Cu, 85%-Ni, 72%-Pb, 84%-Cr, 74%-Zn, 87%-Mn and 88%-Fe of total load exported during the three years studied. Flood events were classified into three categories according to their capacity for transporting organic carbon and particulate metals. High intensity flood events are those with high transport capacity of SPM, organic carbon and particulate metals. Most of the SPM, DOC, POC and particulate metal load was exported by this type of flood event, which contributed 59% of SPM, 45% of organic carbon and 54% of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peraza-Castro
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; School of Health Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - S Sauvage
- University of Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (Ecolab), Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France; CNRS, Ecolab, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - J M Sánchez-Pérez
- University of Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (Ecolab), Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France; CNRS, Ecolab, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - E Ruiz-Romera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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Balabanova B, Stafilov T, Šajn R, Tănăselia C. Multivariate extraction of dominant geochemical markers for deposition of 69 elements in the Bregalnica River basin, Republic of Macedonia (moss biomonitoring). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22852-22870. [PMID: 27568198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition was investigated using the terrestrial moss species Hypnum cupressiforme (Hedw.) and Homolothecium lutescens (Hedw.) in the Bregalnica River basin, Republic of Macedonia. Long-term emission occurs in this area due to the hydrothermal exploitation of Pb-Zn deposits (Sasa and Zletovo mines) and copper ore exploitation and floatation (Bučim mine). Determination of the chemical elements was conducted using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). A combination of multivariate techniques (PCA, FA and CA) was applied for data processing and identification of element association with lithogenic/anthropogenic origin. Seven dominant factors were extracted from the total of 69 analysed elements. Spatial distribution maps were constructed for the determination and localisation of smaller areas with higher contents of certain anthropogenic elements. In this way, the influences of selected human activities on local air pollution can be determined. The summarised data show quantification of the element distributions. This not only allows the determination of the distribution of hazardous elements but also presents complete characterisation of element deposition in the environs of mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Balabanova
- Faculty of Agriculture, University "Goce Delčev", Krste Misirkov bb, Štip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Trajče Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, POB 162, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
| | - Robert Šajn
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claudiu Tănăselia
- INCDO-INOE 2000 Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation (ICIA), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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71
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Yan Z, Han W, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Elser JJ, Du E, Reich PB, Fang J. Phosphorus accumulates faster than nitrogen globally in freshwater ecosystems under anthropogenic impacts. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:1237-46. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Yan
- Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
| | - James J. Elser
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Enzai Du
- College of Resources Science & Technology and State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108 USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith 2751 NSW Australia
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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Suoranta T, Niemelä M, Poikolainen J, Piispanen J, Bokhari SNH, Meisel T, Perämäki P. Active biomonitoring of palladium, platinum, and rhodium emissions from road traffic using transplanted moss. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16790-16801. [PMID: 27189454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of transplanted moss (Pleurozium schreberi) in active biomonitoring of traffic-related emissions of Pd, Pt, and Rh was studied. Moss mats were transplanted to three locations along highway E75 (in Oulu, Finland) at three different distances from the highway. Five samples were collected from a background site after the same exposure period. Mass fractions of Pd, Pt, and Rh as well as mass fractions of 18 other elements were determined in these samples. The results indicated that P. schreberi is well suited for active biomonitoring of Pd, Pt, and Rh. Mass fractions above the background values were observed in the samples exposed to traffic-related emissions. When the results were compared with those of the other elements, high correlations of Pd, Pt, and Rh with commonly traffic-related elements (e.g., Cu, Ni, Sb, Zn, etc.) were found. It was also found that the amounts of Pd, Pt, and Rh in moss samples decreased when the distance to the highway increased. This trend gives evidence for the suitability of P. schreberi for active biomonitoring of Pd, Pt, and Rh. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the mass fractions determined in this study provide valuable evidence about the current state of Pd, Pt, and Rh emissions in Oulu, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Suoranta
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Niemelä
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarmo Poikolainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Piispanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Meisel
- General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Paavo Perämäki
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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73
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Allajbeu S, Yushin NS, Qarri F, Duliu OG, Lazo P, Frontasyeva MV. Atmospheric deposition of rare earth elements in Albania studied by the moss biomonitoring technique, neutron activation analysis and GIS technology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14087-14101. [PMID: 27044293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are typically conservative elements that are scarcely derived from anthropogenic sources. The mobilization of REEs in the environment requires the monitoring of these elements in environmental matrices, in which they are present at trace level. The determination of 11 REEs in carpet-forming moss species (Hypnum cupressiforme) collected from 44 sampling sites over the whole territory of the country were done by using epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) at IBR-2 fast pulsed reactor in Dubna. This paper is focused on REEs (lanthanides) and Sc. Fe as typical consistent element and Th that appeared good correlations between the elements of lanthanides are included in this paper. Th, Sc, and REEs were never previously determined in the air deposition of Albania. Descriptive statistics were used for data treatment using MINITAB 17 software package. The median values of the elements under investigation were compared with those of the neighboring countries such as Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania, and Serbia, as well as Norway which is selected as a clean area. Geographical distribution maps of the elements over the sampled territory were constructed using geographic information system (GIS) technology. Geochemical behavior of REEs in moss samples has been studied by using the ternary diagram of Sc-La-Th, Spider diagrams and multivariate analysis. It was revealed that the accumulation of REEs in current mosses is associated with the wind-blowing metal-enriched soils that is pointed out as the main emitting factor of the elements under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Allajbeu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. "Zog I", 1000, Tirana, Albania
| | - N S Yushin
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, 1419890, Dubna, Russia
| | - F Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Blv. "Pavaresia", 9400, Vlora, Albania
| | - O G Duliu
- Department of Structure of Matter, Earth and Atmospheric Physics and Astrophysics, University of Bucharest, 405, Atomistilor str., P.O. Box MG-11, 077125, Magurele (Ifov), Romania
| | - P Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. "Zog I", 1000, Tirana, Albania.
| | - M V Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, 1419890, Dubna, Russia
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74
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Schröder W, Nickel S, Schönrock S, Meyer M, Wosniok W, Harmens H, Frontasyeva MV, Alber R, Aleksiayenak J, Barandovski L, Carballeira A, Danielsson H, de Temmermann L, Godzik B, Jeran Z, Karlsson GP, Lazo P, Leblond S, Lindroos AJ, Liiv S, Magnússon SH, Mankovska B, Martínez-Abaigar J, Piispanen J, Poikolainen J, Popescu IV, Qarri F, Santamaria JM, Skudnik M, Špirić Z, Stafilov T, Steinnes E, Stihi C, Thöni L, Uggerud HT, Zechmeister HG. Spatially valid data of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen derived by moss surveys for pollution risk assessments of ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10457-10476. [PMID: 27068915 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For analysing element input into ecosystems and associated risks due to atmospheric deposition, element concentrations in moss provide complementary and time-integrated data at high spatial resolution every 5 years since 1990. The paper reviews (1) minimum sample sizes needed for reliable, statistical estimation of mean values at four different spatial scales (European and national level as well as landscape-specific level covering Europe and single countries); (2) trends of heavy metal (HM) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in moss in Europe (1990-2010); (3) correlations between concentrations of HM in moss and soil specimens collected across Norway (1990-2010); and (4) canopy drip-induced site-specific variation of N concentration in moss sampled in seven European countries (1990-2013). While the minimum sample sizes on the European and national level were achieved without exception, for some ecological land classes and elements, the coverage with sampling sites should be improved. The decline in emission and subsequent atmospheric deposition of HM across Europe has resulted in decreasing HM concentrations in moss between 1990 and 2010. In contrast, hardly any changes were observed for N in moss between 2005, when N was included into the survey for the first time, and 2010. In Norway, both, the moss and the soil survey data sets, were correlated, indicating a decrease of HM concentrations in moss and soil. At the site level, the average N deposition inside of forests was almost three times higher than the average N deposition outside of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Nickel
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Simon Schönrock
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Michaela Meyer
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Werner Wosniok
- Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harry Harmens
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Swansea, UK
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Moss Survey Coordination Centre, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Lambe Barandovski
- Institute of physics, Faculty of Natural sciences and mathematics, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | - Helena Danielsson
- Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Barbara Godzik
- Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gunilla Pihl Karlsson
- Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Siiri Liiv
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Blanka Mankovska
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Jarmo Poikolainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland|, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ion V Popescu
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Zdravko Špirić
- OIKON Ltd.-Institute for Applied Ecology, Zagrebs, Croatia
| | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Lotti Thöni
- FUB-Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, Rapperswil, Switzerland
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75
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Yan Y, Zhang Q, Wang GG, Fang YM. Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Wuxi, China: estimation based on native moss analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:360. [PMID: 27207630 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Wuxi, China, using moss (Haplocladium microphyllum and H. angustifolium) as a biomonitoring agent. Moss samples were collected from 49 sites determined by a systematic sampling method. The top layer of soil on each site was also sampled. No significant correlation (P < 0.05) was observed between the moss and soil concentrations for any of the six heavy metal elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), indicating that the soil substrate had little effect on the heavy metal concentrations in the moss materials. The metal enrichment capacity of the moss material, characterized by the concentration ratio between the moss and soil samples for each heavy metal, was topped by Cd and then followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Ni, respectively. Significant (P < 0.05) correlations were found among the six elements in mosses, suggesting potential anthropogenic inputs of these heavy metal pollutants. Based on concentrations of the heavy metals in mosses and the calculated contamination factors, we evaluated the contamination level of each heavy metal on the 49 sampling sites. Spatial distribution maps of heavy metal deposition for each element were interpolated using ArcGIS 9.0. A total pollution coefficient was calculated for each sampling site to identify the seriously polluted areas in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Misho Ecology Landscape Co., Ltd, Wuxi, Lake District, 214125, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - G Geoff Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Yan-Ming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China.
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76
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Angelovska S, Stafilov T, Šajn R, Balabanova B. Geogenic and Anthropogenic Moss Responsiveness to Element Distribution Around a Pb-Zn Mine, Toranica, Republic of Macedonia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:487-505. [PMID: 26888226 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Moss species (Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Brachythecium glareosum, and Campthotecium lutescens) were used as suitable sampling media for biomonitoring the origin of heavy-metal pollution in the lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mine "Toranica" near the Kriva Palanka town, Eastern Macedonia. The contents of 20 elements-silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), Pb, strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), and (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Data processing was applied with combinations of multivariate statistical methods: factor analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. Moss' responsiveness to the atmospheric distribution of the selected elements was investigated in correlation to the specific geology of the region (soil dusting). Lithogenic distribution was characterized with the distribution of three dominant geochemical associations: F1: Al-Li-V-Cr-Ni-Co, F2: Ba-Ca-Sr, and F3: Cd-Zn-Pb-Cu. Spatial distribution was constructed for visualization of the factor deposition. Furthermore, air distribution (passive biomonitoring) versus soil geochemistry of the analyzed elements was examined. Significant correlations were singled out for Pb, Zn, and Cd and for Mg(moss)/Na(soil). Characteristic lithological anomaly characterized the presence of the oldest geological volcanic rocks. Zone 1 (Pb-Zn mine surrounding) presents a unique area with hydrothermal action of Pb-Zn mineralization leading to polymetallic enrichments in soil. This phenomenon strongly affects the environment, which is a natural geochemical imprint in this unique area (described with the strong dominance of the geochemical association Cd-Zn-Pb-Cu).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trajče Stafilov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, POB 162, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Robert Šajn
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Biljana Balabanova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Goce Delčev University, POB 201, 2000, Štip, Macedonia
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77
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Maxhuni A, Lazo P, Kane S, Qarri F, Marku E, Harmens H. First survey of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Kosovo using moss biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:744-755. [PMID: 26336845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes act as bioindicators and bioaccumulators of metal deposition in the environment. The atmospheric deposition of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn in Kosovo was investigated by using carpet-forming moss species (Pseudocleropodium purum and Hypnum cupressiforme) as bioindicators. This research is part of the European moss survey coordinated by the ICP Vegetation, an International Cooperative Programme reporting on the effects of air pollution on vegetation to the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. Sampling was performed during the summer of 2011 at 25 sampling sites homogenously distributed over Kosovo. Unwashed, dried samples were digested by using wet digestion in Teflon tubes. The concentrations of metal elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) equipped with flame and/or furnace systems. The heavy metal concentration in mosses reflected local emission sources. The data obtained in this study were compared with those of similar studies in neighboring countries and Europe (2010-2014 survey). The geographical distribution maps of the elements over the sampled territory were constructed using geographic information system (GIS) technology. The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn were higher than the respective median values of Europe, suggesting that the zones with heavy vehicular traffic and industry emission input are important emitters of these elements. Selected zones are highly polluted particularly by Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni. The statistical analyses revealed that a strong correlation exists between the Pb and Cd content in mosses, and the degree of pollution in the studied sites was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Maxhuni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Pranvera Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Sonila Kane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Flora Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Elda Marku
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
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78
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Wiseman CLS, Zereini F, Püttmann W. Metal and metalloid accumulation in cultivated urban soils: A medium-term study of trends in Toronto, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:564-572. [PMID: 26318809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the elemental enrichment patterns in low to medium traffic areas over a three year period in Toronto, Canada. Soils were sampled at three locations with different volumes of traffic between 2010 and 2013. A range of elements, including V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Cd, As, Sb and Pb, were measured in acid digested samples using ICP-MS. While the concentrations of Cd, Sb and Pb were found to be relatively low, a significant, albeit small increase in their levels over time was determined for all sites. For the low traffic areas, median Cd, Sb and Pb concentrations increased from 0.18mg Cd/kg, 0.14mg Sb/kg and 12mg Pb/kg in 2010 to 0.38mg Cd/kg, 0.21mg Sb/kg and 15mg Pb/kg in 2012, respectively. For the medium traffic site, the respective levels of Cd and Sb rose from 0.19mg Cd/kg and 0.14mg Sb/kg in 2010 to 0.49mg Cd/kg and 0.28mg Sb/kg in 2012. Median Pb concentrations at the medium traffic site were comparable to those at the low traffic sites (13mg/kg in 2010 and 15mg/kg in 2012). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the existence of two components (rotated), which explained 77% of the variance for all sites: 1. PC1 with large loadings of V, Cr, Co and Cu that likely originate from the commercial soil originally used for monitoring purposes, and 2. PC2 with high correlations between Cd, Sb and Pb, attributed to traffic sources of emissions. The resuspension and transport of more mobile fractions of contaminated dust and soil particles is hypothesized to be contributing to an elemental enrichment of soils located in low traffic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fathi Zereini
- Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Püttmann
- Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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79
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Harmens H, Schröder W, Zechmeister HG, Steinnes E, Frontasyeva M. Comments on J.A. Fernandez, M.T. Boquete, A. Carballeira, J.R. Aboal (2015). A critical review of protocols for moss biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition: Sampling and sample preparation. Science of the Total Environment 517: 132-150. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:1024-1026. [PMID: 26453365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - W Schröder
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, PO Box 1553, D-49356 Vechta, Germany.
| | - H G Zechmeister
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Conservation Biology, Landscape and Vegetation Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - E Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - M Frontasyeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Str. Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation.
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