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Murphy MP, Bayir H, Belousov V, Chang CJ, Davies KJA, Davies MJ, Dick TP, Finkel T, Forman HJ, Janssen-Heininger Y, Gems D, Kagan VE, Kalyanaraman B, Larsson NG, Milne GL, Nyström T, Poulsen HE, Radi R, Van Remmen H, Schumacker PT, Thornalley PJ, Toyokuni S, Winterbourn CC, Yin H, Halliwell B. Guidelines for measuring reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in cells and in vivo. Nat Metab 2022; 4:651-662. [PMID: 35760871 PMCID: PMC9711940 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their consequences for health and disease are emerging throughout biological sciences. This development has led researchers unfamiliar with the complexities of ROS and their reactions to employ commercial kits and probes to measure ROS and oxidative damage inappropriately, treating ROS (a generic abbreviation) as if it were a discrete molecular entity. Unfortunately, the application and interpretation of these measurements are fraught with challenges and limitations. This can lead to misleading claims entering the literature and impeding progress, despite a well-established body of knowledge on how best to assess individual ROS, their reactions, role as signalling molecules and the oxidative damage that they can cause. In this consensus statement we illuminate problems that can arise with many commonly used approaches for measurement of ROS and oxidative damage, and propose guidelines for best practice. We hope that these strategies will be useful to those who find their research requiring assessment of ROS, oxidative damage and redox signalling in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Gerontology, Molecular & Computational Biology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias P Dick
- German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Henry J Forman
- Gerontology, Molecular & Computational Biology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Gems
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael Radi
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Paul J Thornalley
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Life Sciences Institute Neurobiogy Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Teng H, Hong Y, Cao J, Li H, Tian F, Sun J, Wen K, Han G, Whelchel A, Zhang X, Li X, Dong L. Senescence marker protein30 protects lens epithelial cells against oxidative damage by restoring mitochondrial function. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12955-12971. [PMID: 35615975 PMCID: PMC9275934 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2079270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiology and pathogenesis of age-related cataract is not entirely clear till now. Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a newly discovered anti-aging factor, which plays an important role in preventing apoptosis and reducing oxidative stress damage. Mitochondria are located at the intersection of key cellular pathways, such as energy substrate metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Oxidative stress induced by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Our study focused on the effect of SMP30 on mitochondrial homeostasis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) induced by 4-HNE. Western blots and qPCR were used to compare the expression of SMP30 protein in the residual lens epithelial cells in the lens capsule of age-related cataract (ARC) patients and the donated transparent lens capsule. On this basis, SMP30 overexpression plasmid and SMP30 shRNA interference plasmid were introduced to explore the effect of SMP30 on the biological behavior in HLECs under the condition of oxidative stress induced by 4-HNE through immunohistochemistry, ROS evaluation, metabolic spectrum analysis and JC-1 fluorescence measurement. Given that Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway is the most important antioxidant stress pathway, we further analyzed the regulatory effect of SMP30 by WB to explore its molecular mechanism. Our study indicated that SMP30 may inhibit ROS accumulation, restore mitochondrial function, activate Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, therefore protecting lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Teng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaru Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoge Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Amy Whelchel
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, Ok, USA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin, China, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospita, Tianjin, China
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of the Indole-Derived N-Salicyloyltryptamine on Peritonitis and Joint Disability Induced by Carrageenan in Rodents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5524107. [PMID: 35600961 PMCID: PMC9122668 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5524107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of N-salicyloyltryptamine (NST) in experimental models of carrageenan (Cg)-induced peritonitis in mice, and evaluation of the effects of NST on Cg-induced joint disability in rats. Methods Female Swiss mice were submitted to Cg-induced peritonitis in mice or Cg-induced joint disability in rats after intraperitoneal injection of NST (100 or 200 mg/kg). Total leukocyte count, total protein concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) activities, and nitrite (NO2−) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels were determined. Results NST significantly decrease the migration of leukocytes to peritoneal exudate. Cg induces inflammatory responses mediated by expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results further showed that NST significantly decreased MPO and CAT activities, as well as reduced NO2− and TBARS levels, compared with the vehicle group. Animals treated with NST significantly reduced paw elevation time (PET) on the first hour after induction of joint injury, and this effect was sustained throughout the analysis. Conclusion NST presented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in experimental models of carrageenan-induced peritonitis and joint disability in mice and rats, respectively, which may be related to the modulation of neutrophils migration as well as the involvement of antioxidant mechanisms.
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Elbeltagy A, Mohamed G, Akeel M, Abdelaziz K, Elbakry K, Elsayed A. Modulatory role of garlic ( Allium sativum) extract against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity in female albino rats and their offspring. F1000Res 2022; 11:504. [PMID: 37547786 PMCID: PMC10403747 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111293.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (CP) is one of the chemotherapeutic drugs widely utilized in the treatment of several malignancies. However, recently; its use has been limited because of its hazardous health drawbacks. Previous researches confirmed that CP has severe deleterious side effects on pregnant mothers and their fetuses. Garlic ( Allium sativum) extract has been claimed to exhibit potent antioxidative and free radical scavenging abilities. Aim: This work is mainly designed to evaluate the potential therapeutic role of garlic extract against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in pregnant rats and their offspring. Methods: 24 pregnant rats were used in the current study. They were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6): control, garlic, CP, and CP + garlic group. At the end of the weaning period, the mothers and the offsprings of all groups were sacrificed, the kidneys were immediately excised, and processed for histological and biochemical investigations. Also, blood samples were withdrawn and processed for estimation of the assigned biochemical parameters. Results: The renal histological sections from CP-treated mother rats displayed pronounced histopathological lesions however, their offspring showed mild renal histopathological lesions if compared with those of their mothers. The levels of renal tissue Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes were significantly decreased. On the contrary, the levels of malondialdehyde, serum urea, and creatinine were significantly increased in CP-treated mother rats and their offspring as compared with control. The percentage value of caspase 3 activity was markedly elevated in the renal tissues of CP-treated mother rats and their offspring compared to the control group. Supplementation of garlic extract to the CP treated rats; the overall histological lesions, as well as biochemical parameters, were restored nearly to the control ones. It is concluded that garlic ( Allium sativum) extract has a powerful ameliorative role against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in pregnant rats and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Human Anatomy, , Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Akeel
- Department of Human Anatomy, , Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karoline Abdelaziz
- Zoology, Damanhour University Faculty of Science, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Kadry Elbakry
- Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta, University, Damietta, Egypt, Damietta, 34611, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- Zoology, Damanhour University Faculty of Science, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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Du Y, Li DX, Lu DY, Zhang R, Zhao YL, Zhong QQ, Ji S, Wang L, Tang DQ. Lipid metabolism disorders and lipid mediator changes of mice in response to long-term exposure to high-fat and high sucrose diets and ameliorative effects of mulberry leaves. Food Funct 2022; 13:4576-4591. [PMID: 35355025 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves exhibit anti-lipogenic and lipid-lowering effects. However, the lipid biomarkers and underlying mechanisms for the improvement of the action of mulberry leaves on obesity and lipid metabolism disorders have not been sufficiently investigated yet. Herein, biochemical analysis combined with metabolomics targeting serum lipid mediators (oxylipins) were used to explore the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of mulberry leaf water extract (MLWE) in high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-fed mice. Our results showed that MLWE supplementation not only decreased body weight gain, serum total triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, but also increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, MLWE supplementation also ameliorated hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation. These beneficial effects were associated with down-regulating genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipogenesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, and up-regulating genes related to lipolysis that encoded peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, adiponectin (ADPN), adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) 1, AdipoR2, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hormone-sensitive lipase. Moreover, a total of 54 serum lipid mediators were differentially changed in HFHSD-fed mice, among which 11 lipid mediators from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were apparently reversed by MLWE. These findings indicated that the ADPN/AMPK pathway, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and n-3 PUFA metabolism played important roles in anti-obesity and improvement of lipid metabolism disorders modulated by MLWE supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Ding-Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Dong-Yu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yan-Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
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Kashiura M, Yasuda H, Kishihara Y, Tominaga K, Nishihara M, Hiasa KI, Tsutsui H, Moriya T. Association between short-term neurological outcomes and extreme hyperoxia in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a retrospective observational study from a multicenter registry. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:163. [PMID: 35410132 PMCID: PMC9003952 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the impact of hyperoxia that developed immediately after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) on patients’ short-term neurological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods This study retrospectively analyzed data from the Japanese OHCA registry from June 2014 to December 2017. We analyzed adult patients (≥ 18 years) who had undergone ECPR. Eligible patients were divided into the following three groups based on their initial partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) levels after ECMO pump-on: normoxia group, PaO2 ≤ 200 mm Hg; moderate hyperoxia group, 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ≤ 400 mm Hg; and extreme hyperoxia group, PaO2 > 400 mm Hg. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30-day favorable neurological outcomes. Logistic regression statistical analysis model of 30-day favorable neurological outcomes was performed after adjusting for multiple propensity scores calculated using pre-ECPR covariates and for confounding factors post-ECPR. Results Of the 34,754 patients with OHCA enrolled in the registry, 847 were included. The median PaO2 level was 300 mm Hg (interquartile range: 148–427 mm Hg). Among the eligible patients, 277, 313, and 257 were categorized as normoxic, moderately hyperoxic, and extremely hyperoxic, respectively. Moderate hyperoxia was not significantly associated with 30-day neurologically favorable outcomes compared with normoxia as a reference (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.55–1.35; p = 0.51). However, extreme hyperoxia was associated with less 30-day neurologically favorable outcomes when compared with normoxia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.29–0.82; p = 0.007). Conclusions For patients with OHCA who received ECPR, extreme hyperoxia (PaO2 > 400 mm Hg) was associated with 30-day poor neurological outcomes. Avoidance of extreme hyperoxia may improve neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA treated with ECPR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02598-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kashiura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan.
| | - Hideto Yasuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Kishihara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishihara
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hiasa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Moriya
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
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Production of Hydroxy Fatty Acids, Precursors of γ-Hexalactone, Contributes to the Characteristic Sweet Aroma of Beef. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040332. [PMID: 35448519 PMCID: PMC9028887 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroma is an essential factor for meat quality. The meat of Japanese Black cattle exhibits fine marbling and a rich and sweet aroma with a characteristic lactone composition. The mechanism of lactone formation associated with beef aroma has not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the precursors of γ-hexalactone, an indicator of the sweet aroma of beef and identified the mechanism underlying γ-hexalactone production. A low-temperature vacuum system was used to prepare beef tallow from Japanese Black cattle and Holstein cattle. The odor components were identified using headspace–gas chromatography. The analysis revealed that γ-hexalactone, γ-dodecalactone, δ-tetradecalactone, and δ-hexadecalactone were present as sweet aroma components of beef tallow prepared from marbling and muscle. Since we previously reported that γ-hexalactone formation correlates with linoleic acid content in beef, we analyzed ten oxidized fatty acids derived from linoleic acid by liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and detected two hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (9S-HODE and 13S-HODE) in beef tallow. Significant differences in arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase protein expression levels among subcutaneous fat, intramuscular fat, and muscle tissue were observed. Our results suggest that the combination of linoleic acid and the expression of lipid oxidase derived from beef muscle and intramuscular fat produce hydroxy fatty acids that result in a sweet aroma.
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Guerriero C, Puliatti G, Di Marino T, Tata AM. Effects Mediated by Dimethyl Fumarate on In Vitro Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073615. [PMID: 35408975 PMCID: PMC8998768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a drug currently in use in oral therapy for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) due to its immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. The mechanisms by which DMF exerts its therapeutic effects in MS and in particular its influence on the oligodendrocytes (OLs) survival or differentiation have not yet been fully understood. Methods: Characterization of Oli neu cells was performed by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The effect of DMF on cell proliferation and morphology was assessed by MTT assay, trypan blue staining, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DMF were analysed by ROS detection through DCFDA staining and lipid content analysis by Oil Red O staining and TLC. Results: DMF has been observed to induce a slowdown of cell proliferation, favoring the oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) differentiation. DMF has an antioxidant effect and is able to modify the lipid content even after the LPS-mediated inflammatory stimulus in Oli neu cells. Conclusions: The results obtained confirm that DMF has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects also on Oli neu cells. Interestingly, it appears to promote the OLCs differentiation towards mature and potentially myelinating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (G.P.); (T.D.M.)
| | - Giulia Puliatti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (G.P.); (T.D.M.)
| | - Tamara Di Marino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (G.P.); (T.D.M.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (G.P.); (T.D.M.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Superoxide Radicals in the Execution of Cell Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030501. [PMID: 35326151 PMCID: PMC8944419 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense against an oxidative insult by ROS. However, the resulting hydrogen peroxide is still reactive and, in the presence of free ferrous iron, may produce hydroxyl radicals and exacerbate diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are the preferred target of hydroxyl radicals. Ferroptosis, a type of necrotic cell death induced by lipid peroxides in the presence of free iron, has attracted considerable interest because of its role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Radical electrons, namely those released from mitochondrial electron transfer complexes, and those produced by enzymatic reactions, such as lipoxygenases, appear to cause lipid peroxidation. While GPX4 is the most potent anti-ferroptotic enzyme that is known to reduce lipid peroxides to alcohols, other antioxidative enzymes are also indirectly involved in protection against ferroptosis. Moreover, several low molecular weight compounds that include α-tocopherol, ascorbate, and nitric oxide also efficiently neutralize radical electrons, thereby suppressing ferroptosis. The removal of radical electrons in the early stages is of primary importance in protecting against ferroptosis and other diseases that are related to oxidative stress.
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Nowicka B. Heavy metal-induced stress in eukaryotic algae-mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16860-16911. [PMID: 35006558 PMCID: PMC8873139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Behl T, Gupta A, Chigurupati S, Singh S, Sehgal A, Badavath VN, Alhowail A, Mani V, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Natural and Synthetic Agents Targeting Reactive Carbonyl Species against Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2022; 27:1583. [PMID: 35268685 PMCID: PMC8911959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) may originate from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and sugar in conditions of pathology. They are known to have high reactivity towards DNA as well as nucleophilic sites of proteins, resulting in cellular dysfunction. It has been considered that various pathological conditions are associated with an increased level of RCS and their reaction products. Thus, regulating the levels of RCS may be associated with the mitigation of various metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to perform a comprehensive review, various literature databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, along with Google Scholar, were utilized to obtain relevant articles. The voluminous review concluded that various synthetic and natural agents are available or in pipeline research that hold tremendous potential to be used as a drug of choice in the therapeutic management of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications of atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and nephropathy. From the available data, it may be emphasized that various synthetic agents, such as carnosine and simvastatin, and natural agents, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, can become a drug of choice in the therapeutic management for combating metabolic syndromes that involve RCS in their pathophysiology. Since the RCS are known to regulate the biological processes, future research warrants detailed investigations to decipher the precise mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Vishnu Nayak Badavath
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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de Oliveira ST, Bessani MP, Scandolara TB, Silva JC, Kawassaki ACB, Fagotti PAF, Maito VT, de Souza JA, Rech D, Panis C. Systemic lipid peroxidation profile from patients with breast cancer changes according to the lymph nodal metastasis status. Oncoscience 2022; 9:1-10. [PMID: 35233438 PMCID: PMC8876690 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Pavaneli Bessani
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thalita Basso Scandolara
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Pâmella Aparecida Ferreira Fagotti
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vitor Teixeira Maito
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janoário Athanazio de Souza
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital, Ceonc, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital, Ceonc, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Abstract
In evaluating vitamin E (VE) nutritional status of preterm infants, it is essential that any data should be compared with those of healthy term infants, and never with those of adults. Moreover, it should be evaluated in terms of gestational age (GA), not birth weight (BW), because placental transfer of most nutrients from mother to fetus is dependent on GA, not BW. Judging from the limited data during the last 75 years, there was no significant correlation between GA and VE concentrations in circulation or in the red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes, and buccal mucosal cells. In addition, the oxidizability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma or RBCs, as targets for protection by VE chain-breaking ability, was lower in preterm infants. However, because of the minimal information available about hepatic VE levels, which is considered a key determinant of whole body VE status, the decision on whether VE status of preterm infants is comparable with that of term infants should be postponed. Clinical trials of VE supplementation in preterm infants were repeatedly undertaken to investigate whether VE reduces severity or inhibits development of several diseases specific to preterm infants, namely retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and germinal matrix hemorrhage - intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). Most of these trials resulted in a misfire, with a few exceptions for IVH prevention. However, almost all these studies were performed from 1980s to early 1990s, in the pre-surfactant era, and the study populations were composed of mid-preterm infants with GAs of approximately 30 weeks (wks). There is considerable difference in 'preterm infants' between the pre- and post-surfactant eras; modern neonatal medicine mainly treats preterm infants of 28 wks GA or less. Therefore, these results are difficult to apply in modern neonatal care. Before considering new trials of VE supplementation, we should fully understand modern neonatal medicine, especially the recent method of oxygen supplementation. Additionally, a deeper understanding of recent progress in pathophysiology and therapies for possible target diseases is necessary to decide whether VE administration is still worth re-challenging in modern neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In this review, we present recent concepts and therapeutic trends in ROP, BPD, and GMH-IVH for those unfamiliar with neonatal medicine. Numerous studies have reported the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage in relation to supplemental oxygen use, inflammation, and immature antioxidant defense in the development of both BPD and ROP. Various antioxidants effectively prevented the exacerbation of BPD and ROP in animal models. In the future, VE should be re-attempted as a complementary factor in combination with various therapies for BPD, ROP, and GMH-IVH. Because VE is a natural and safe supplement, we are certain that it will attract attention again in preterm medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ogihara
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Mino
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Organic Beet Leaves and Stalk Juice Attenuates the Glutathione Peroxidase Increase Induced by High-Fat Meal in Dyslipidemic Patients: A Pilot Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The beet, including the leaves and stalk (BLS), is a vegetable with great antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the nutritional composition and the concentration of total phenolics between the organic and conventional BLS and to verify whether the ingestion of an organic BLS juice containing different concentrations of polyphenols modulated some biomarkers of oxidative stress after the ingestion of a high-fat meal in individuals with dyslipidemia. A controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial with a washout period of 1 week was carried out. A 12-h fasting blood sample was collected. Afterward, the participants consumed a high-fat meal, followed by the ingestion of a placebo or one of the organic BLS juices containing either 32.0 or 77.5 mg/100 mL of polyphenols. Blood samples were obtained 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after the first blood collection. The composition analysis showed that organic BLS had a better nutritional composition than conventional ones. The high-fat meal induced postprandial hypertriglyceridemia after 120 min (p < 0.001) and increased the concentration of malondialdehyde after 30 min (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant increase in GPx in 30 min (p = 0.026). This increase was attenuated in the group that received the highest dose of polyphenols when compared with the placebo after 30 min (p = 0.045). Therefore, the organic BLS juice containing 77.5 mg of polyphenols was efficient at modulating one of the postprandial mechanisms of enzymatic antioxidant protection in individuals with dyslipidemia.
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Farfan-Cabrera LI, Franco-Morgado M, González-Sánchez A, Pérez-González J, Marín-Santibáñez BM. Microalgae Biomass as a New Potential Source of Sustainable Green Lubricants. Molecules 2022; 27:1205. [PMID: 35208995 PMCID: PMC8875479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lubricants are materials able to reduce friction and/or wear of any type of moving surfaces facilitating smooth operations, maintaining reliable machine functions, and reducing risks of failures while contributing to energy savings. At present, most worldwide used lubricants are derived from crude oil. However, production, usage and disposal of these lubricants have significant impact on environment and health. Hence, there is a growing pressure to reduce demand of this sort of lubricants, which has fostered development and use of green lubricants, as vegetable oil-based lubricants (biolubricants). Despite the ecological benefits of producing/using biolubricants, availability of the required raw materials and agricultural land to create a reliable chain supply is still far from being established. Recently, biomass from some microalgae species has attracted attention due to their capacity to produce high-value lipids/oils for potential lubricants production. Thus, this multidisciplinary work reviews the main chemical-physical characteristics of lubricants and the main attempts and progress on microalgae biomass production for developing oils with pertinent lubricating properties. In addition, potential microalgae strains and chemical modifications to their oils to produce lubricants for different industrial applications are identified. Finally, a guide for microalgae oil selection based on its chemical composition for specific lubricant applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo I. Farfan-Cabrera
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Franco-Morgado
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
| | - Armando González-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - José Pérez-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas, Laboratorio de Reología y Física de la Materia Blanda, U.P. Adolfo López Mateos Edif. 9, Col. Lindavista, Alc. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
| | - Benjamín M. Marín-Santibáñez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, U.P. Adolfo López Mateos Edif. 7, Col. Lindavista, Alc. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
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Demarco M, Oliveira de Moraes J, Matos ÂP, Derner RB, de Farias Neves F, Tribuzi G. Digestibility, bioaccessibility and bioactivity of compounds from algae. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Seixas AF, Quendera AP, Sousa JP, Silva AFQ, Arraiano CM, Andrade JM. Bacterial Response to Oxidative Stress and RNA Oxidation. Front Genet 2022; 12:821535. [PMID: 35082839 PMCID: PMC8784731 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.821535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have to cope with oxidative stress caused by distinct Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), derived not only from normal aerobic metabolism but also from oxidants present in their environments. The major ROS include superoxide O2−, hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and radical hydroxide HO•. To protect cells under oxidative stress, bacteria induce the expression of several genes, namely the SoxRS, OxyR and PerR regulons. Cells are able to tolerate a certain number of free radicals, but high levels of ROS result in the oxidation of several biomolecules. Strikingly, RNA is particularly susceptible to this common chemical damage. Oxidation of RNA causes the formation of strand breaks, elimination of bases or insertion of mutagenic lesions in the nucleobases. The most common modification is 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-oxo-G), an oxidized form of guanosine. The structure and function of virtually all RNA species (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, sRNA) can be affected by RNA oxidation, leading to translational defects with harmful consequences for cell survival. However, bacteria have evolved RNA quality control pathways to eliminate oxidized RNA, involving RNA-binding proteins like the members of the MutT/Nudix family and the ribonuclease PNPase. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the bacterial stress response to RNA oxidation, namely we present the different ROS responsible for this chemical damage and describe the main strategies employed by bacteria to fight oxidative stress and control RNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Seixas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana P Quendera
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João P Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alda F Q Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cecília M Arraiano
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José M Andrade
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Boarescu PM, Boarescu I, Pop RM, Roşian ŞH, Bocșan IC, Rus V, Mada RO, Popa ID, Neagu N, Bulboacă AE, Buzoianu AD, Bolboacă SD. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Histological Changes in Experimental Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1438. [PMID: 35163364 PMCID: PMC8835716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to compare the oxidative stress biomarkers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes induced by three cardiovascular risk factors, namely, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension was induced with 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl (L-NAME) administered orally. Dyslipidemia was induced by the administration of a diet with a high cholesterol (2%) content. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of streptozocin (65 mg/kg). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidative status (TOS) are increased by all three cardiovascular risk factors (up to 207%). The indirect assessment of NO synthesis (NOx) is observed to be reduced after L-NAME administration (43%), and dyslipidemia induction (16%), while type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with the highest levels of NOx (increased 112%). Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 1 diabetes reduced the total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and total thiol (SH) levels (up to 57%). The values of evaluated pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), assessed from the ascending aorta were elevated by all three cardiovascular risk factors, with the highest levels induced by type 1 diabetes mellitus (up to 259%). The histopathological examination of the ascending and descending aorta revealed reversible pro-atherogenic changes consisting of the accumulation of lipid droplets in the subendothelial connective tissue on rats with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Irreversible pro-atherogenic changes consisting of a reduction of the specific elasticity of the arteries were observed in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus demonstrates an alteration of the oxidative stress parameters, the elevation of tissue levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and causing irreversible pro-atherogenic changes on the aortic wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Mihai Boarescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-M.B.); (R.M.P.); (I.C.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Ioana Boarescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-M.B.); (R.M.P.); (I.C.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Ştefan Horia Roşian
- Department of Cardiology—Heart Institute, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Calea Moților Street, No. 19–21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, Calea Moților Street, No. 19–21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.O.M.); (I.D.P.)
| | - Ioana Corina Bocșan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-M.B.); (R.M.P.); (I.C.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Vasile Rus
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur Street, No. 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Răzvan Olimpiu Mada
- “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, Calea Moților Street, No. 19–21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.O.M.); (I.D.P.)
| | - Iulia Diana Popa
- “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, Calea Moților Street, No. 19–21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.O.M.); (I.D.P.)
| | - Nicholas Neagu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Luis Pasteur Street, No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, No. 2–4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-M.B.); (R.M.P.); (I.C.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (S.D.B.)
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Antioxidant Role and Cardiolipin Remodeling by Redox-Activated Mitochondrial Ca 2+-Independent Phospholipase A 2γ in the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020198. [PMID: 35204081 PMCID: PMC8868467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2γ (iPLA2γ/PNPLA8) was previously shown to be directly activated by H2O2 and release free fatty acids (FAs) for FA-dependent H+ transport mediated by the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) or uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). The resulting mild mitochondrial uncoupling and consequent partial attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide production lead to an antioxidant effect. However, the antioxidant role of iPLA2γ in the brain is not completely understood. Here, using wild-type and iPLA2γ-KO mice, we demonstrate the ability of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) to activate iPLA2γ in isolated brain mitochondria, with consequent liberation of FAs and lysophospholipids. The liberated FA caused an increase in respiratory rate, which was fully inhibited by carboxyatractyloside (CATR), a specific inhibitor of ANT. Employing detailed lipidomic analysis, we also demonstrate a typical cleavage pattern for TBHP-activated iPLA2γ, reflecting cleavage of glycerophospholipids from both sn-1 and sn-2 positions releasing saturated FAs, monoenoic FAs, and predominant polyunsaturated FAs. The acute antioxidant role of iPLA2γ-released FAs is supported by monitoring both intramitochondrial superoxide and extramitochondrial H2O2 release. We also show that iPLA2γ-KO mice were more sensitive to stimulation by pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide, as reflected by the concomitant increase in protein carbonyls in the brain and pro-inflammatory IL-6 release in the serum. These data support the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of iPLA2γ in vivo. Our data also reveal a substantial decrease of several high molecular weight cardiolipin (CL) species and accumulation of low molecular weight CL species in brain mitochondria of iPLA2γ-KO mice. Collectively, our results support a key role of iPLA2γ in the remodeling of lower molecular weight immature cardiolipins with predominantly saturated acyl chains to high molecular weight mature cardiolipins with highly unsaturated PUFA acyl chains, typical for the brain.
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Chemistry and Biochemistry Aspects of the 4-Hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010145. [PMID: 35053293 PMCID: PMC8773729 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal (C9H16O2), also known as 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (C9H16O2; HNE) is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal. HNE is a major aldehyde, formed in the peroxidation process of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 PUFAs), such as linoleic and arachidonic acid. HNE is not only harmful but also beneficial. In the 1980s, the HNE was regarded as a “toxic product of lipid peroxidation” and the “second toxic messenger of free radicals”. However, already at the beginning of the 21st century, HNE was perceived as a reliable marker of oxidative stress, growth modulating factor and signaling molecule. Many literature data also indicate that an elevated level of HNE in blood plasma and cells of the animal and human body is observed in the course of many diseases, including cancer. On the other hand, it is currently proven that cancer cells divert to apoptosis if they are exposed to supraphysiological levels of HNE in the cancer microenvironment. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge about the biological properties of HNE.
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Kuzniak OV, Sorochynska OM, Bayliak MM, Klonovskyi AY, Vasylyk YV, Semchyshyn HM, Storey KB, Garaschuk O, Lushchak VI. Feeding to satiation induces mild oxidative/carbonyl stress in the brain of young mice. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:77-92. [PMID: 35145367 PMCID: PMC8822308 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting as a dietary intervention can prevent overweight and obesity in adult organisms. Nevertheless, information regarding consequences of intermittent fasting for redox status and reactive metabolite-mediated processes that are crucial for the normal functioning of organisms is limited. Since the information on effects of intermittent fasting on parameters of oxidative/carbonyl stress in the brains of young mice was absent, the present study addressed these questions using an every-other-day fasting (EODF) protocol. The levels of carbonyl proteins were ~28 %, 22 % and 18 % lower in the cerebral cortex of EODF males and females and middle parts of the brain of EODF males, respectively, as compared to their ad libitum fed counterparts. Lipid peroxides and α-dicarbonyl compounds were lower only in the cortex and medulla part of EODF male brain. The EODF regimen resulted in higher total non-specific antioxidant capacity in different parts of male brain and a tendency to be higher this parameter in females. At the same time, EODF regimen had no effect on the activities of the defensive antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glyoxylase 1 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the cortex of both sexes, but even decreased activities of these enzymes in medulla and middle part of the brain. In general, the results suggest that in the brain of young mice ad libitum feeding induces mild oxidative/carbonyl stress which may be partially alleviated by the EODF regimen. The effect of EODF regimen is more pronounced in the medulla part than in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana V. Kuzniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oksana M. Sorochynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Maria M. Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Ya. Klonovskyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Yulia V. Vasylyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Halyna M. Semchyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Volodymyr I. Lushchak, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine, E-mail:
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72
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Chen Y, Zhu X, Ye F, Wang H, Wan X, Zhang T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Bai X, Xiao Y, Sun X. Malondialdehyde-Modified Photoreceptor Outer Segments Promote Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:12. [PMID: 35015060 PMCID: PMC8762676 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to establish a novel choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model through subretinally injecting malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified photoreceptor outer segments (POS), which was more consistent with the pathogenesis of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods MDA-modified POS were subretinally injected in C57BL/6J mice. Four weeks later, to assess the volume of CNV and the morphology of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), isolectin B4 and zonula occludens-1 antibody were used for immunostaining. Fundus fluorescent angiography and optical coherence tomography imaging were used to describe the morphologic features of CNV. Transepithelial resistance was measured on polarized ARPE-19 cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the cell culture medium were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein and messenger RNA expression levels of autophagy markers were measured using Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results CNV and RPE atrophy were successfully induced in the mouse model. MDA-modified POS also significantly increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and disrupted cell junctions in RPE cells. In addition, MDA-modified POS induced autophagy–lysosomal impairment in RPE cells. Conclusions Subretinal injection of MDA-modified POS may generate a feasible CNV model that simulates the AMD pathological process. Translational Relevance This study expands the understanding of the role of MDA in AMD pathogenesis, which provides a potential therapeutic target of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxiang Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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73
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Ahmed Wani T, Masoodi FA, Akhter R, Akram T, Gani A, Shabir N. Nanoencapsulation of hydroxytyrosol in chitosan crosslinked with sodium bisulfate tandem ultrasonication: Techno-characterization, release and antiproliferative properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105900. [PMID: 34972072 PMCID: PMC8799616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This research includes production of chitosan nanocapsules through ionic gelation with sodium bisulfate for nanoencapsulation of hydroxytyrosol (HT) using ultrasonication in tandem. The resulting nanocapsules encapsulating HT were analyzed for particle size, ζ-potential, packaging characteristics, FESEM, ATR-FTIR, XRD, DSC, in vitro release, antioxidant potential and antiproliferative properties. The nanocapsules (size 119.50-365.21 nm) were spherical to irregular shaped with positive ζ-potential (17.50-18.09 mV). The encapsulation efficiency of 5 mg/g HT (HTS1) and 20 mg/g HT (HTS2) was 77.13% and 56.30%, respectively. The nanocapsules were amorphous in nature with 12.34% to 15.48% crystallinity and crystallite size between 20 nm and 27 nm. Formation of nanocapsules resulted in increasing the glass transition temperature. HTS2 delivered 67.12% HT (HTS1 58.89%) at the end of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The nanoencapsulated HT showed higher antioxidant and antiproliferative (against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines) properties than the free HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Ahmed Wani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - F A Masoodi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Rehana Akhter
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Towseef Akram
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Shuhama 191202, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Adil Gani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Shuhama 191202, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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The Effect of Volatile Organic Compounds on Different Organisms: Agrobacteria, Plants and Insects. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010069. [PMID: 35056518 PMCID: PMC8781025 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi emit a huge variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can provide a valuable arsenal for practical use. However, the biological activities and functions of the VOCs are poorly understood. This work aimed to study the action of individual VOCs on the bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Arabidopsis thaliana plants, and fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster. VOCs used in the work included ketones, alcohols, and terpenes. The potent inhibitory effect on the growth of A. tumefaciens was shown for 2-octanone and isoamyl alcohol. Terpenes (−)-limonene and (+)-α-pinene practically did not act on bacteria, even at high doses (up to 400 µmol). 2-Butanone and 2-pentanone increased the biomass of A. thaliana at doses of 200–400 μmol by 1.5–2 times; 2-octanone had the same effect at 10 μmol and decreased plant biomass at higher doses. Isoamyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol suppressed plant biomass several times at doses of 50–100 μmol. Plant seed germination was most strongly suppressed by isoamyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol. The substantial killing effect (at low doses) on D. melanogaster was exerted by the terpenes and the ketones 2-octanone and 2-pentanone. The obtained data showed new information about the biological activities of VOCs in relation to organisms belonging to different kingdoms.
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75
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Rezende LG, Tasso TT, Candido PHS, Baptista MS. Assessing Photosensitized Membrane Damage: Available Tools and Comprehensive Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:572-590. [PMID: 34931324 DOI: 10.1111/php.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are important targets of the photosensitized oxidation reactions, forming important signaling molecules, disorganizing and permeabilizing membranes, and consequently inducing a variety of biological responses. Although the initial steps of the photosensitized oxidative damage in lipids are known to occur by both Type I and Type II mechanisms, the progression of the peroxidation reaction, which leads to important end-point biological responses, is poorly known. There are many experimental tools used to study the products of lipid oxidation, but neither the methods nor their resulting observations were critically compared. In this article, we will review the tools most frequently used and the key concepts raised by them in order to rationalize a comprehensive model for the initiation and the progression steps of the photoinduced lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Rezende
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Tasso
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Candido
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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76
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Niki E. Lipid oxidation that is, and is not, inhibited by vitamin E: Consideration about physiological functions of vitamin E. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:1-15. [PMID: 34481937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are oxidized in vivo by multiple oxidizing species with different properties, some by regulated manner to produce physiological mediators, while others by random mechanisms to give detrimental products. Vitamin E plays an important role as a physiologically essential antioxidant to inhibit unregulated lipid peroxidation by scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals to break chain propagation independent of the type of free radicals which induce chain initiation. Kinetic data suggest that vitamin E does not act as an efficient scavenger of nitrogen dioxide radical, carbonate anion radical, and hypochlorite. The analysis of regio- and stereo-isomer distribution of the lipid oxidation products shows that, apart from lipid oxidation by CYP enzymes, the free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation is the major pathway of lipid oxidation taking place in humans. Compared with healthy subjects, the levels of racemic and trans,trans-hydro (pero)xyoctadecadienoates, specific biomarker of free radical lipid oxidation, are elevated in the plasma of patients including atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. α-Tocopherol acts as a major antioxidant, while γ-tocopherol scavenges nitrogen dioxide radical, which induces lipid peroxidation, nitration of aromatic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids, and isomerization of cis-fatty acids to trans-fatty acids. It is essential to appreciate that the antioxidant effects of vitamin E depend on the nature of both oxidants and substrates being oxidized. Vitamin E, together with other antioxidants such as vitamin C, contributes to the inhibition of detrimental oxidation of biological molecules and thereby to the maintenance of human health and prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
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77
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Saito Y. Diverse cytoprotective actions of vitamin E isoforms- role as peroxyl radical scavengers and complementary functions with selenoproteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:121-129. [PMID: 34481936 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E, a generic term for tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3), is one of the most potent lipid-soluble antioxidants in the body. It is classified into T and T3 based on the difference in the side chain structure. T and T3 have four isoforms: α-, β-, γ-, and δ, which have different chroman rings. Both T and T3 exhibit a similar ability to scavenge free radicals, and the extent of this ability depends on the difference in the chroman structure. However, they display unique cytoprotective activities in cultured cells depending on the difference in the side chain structure. The cytoprotective effects of vitamin E have received much attention in the prevention of ferroptosis, which is a distinct form of cell death involving iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This review focuses on the cytoprotective actions of vitamin E isoforms against oxidative stress, particularly the difference between T and T3 and its relation to cellular uptake and distribution. Moreover, the molecular mechanism for cytoprotection of vitamin E oxidation products is explained, and the complementary role of vitamin E and selenoproteins to prevent lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis is described. Furthermore, the evaluation of vitamin E's radical scavenging activity in vivo using oxidative stress markers is discussed, particularly based on kinetic data and the physiological molar ratio of vitamin E to substrates, and the limited role of vitamin E as a peroxyl radical scavenger is described. The future directions and unresolved issues related to vitamin E and lipid peroxidation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University C301, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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78
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Xu Z, Liu J, Wang E, Zhao C, Hu X, Chu KH, Wang L. Detoxification and recovery after cadmium exposure in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58050-58067. [PMID: 34101120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common pollutant in the aquatic environment, which puts the health and safety of aquatic organisms and humans at risk. In the present study, the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense was exposed to Cd (0, 50, 100, and 500 μg·L-1) for 14 d (0-14th d), followed by 21 d (14-35th d) of depuration. The changes in Cd bioaccumulation, microstructure, biomacromolecules (polysaccharides, neutral lipids, DNA and total proteins), and biochemical parameters (SOD, CAT, GR, TrxR, MDA and AChE) in the gills and hepatopancreas were tested. The injured microstructure, activated antioxidant system, increased MDA, and inhibited AChE of the gills and hepatopancreas responded with progressive bioaccumulation of Cd. Meanwhile, the polysaccharides and neutral lipids in the hepatopancreas reduced and DNA synthesis enhanced. During depuration, more than 58.80 ± 8.53% and 13.84 ± 12.11% of Cd was excreted from the gills and hepatopancreas, respectively. Recovery of microstructure and biomacromolecules as well as alleviated oxidative damage and neurotoxicity were also found in these two organs. Additionally, based on PCA, Ihis, GR and MDA were identified as the optimal biomarkers indicating the health status of crabs. In conclusion, S. henanense could resist Cd stress through antioxidant defence and self-detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ermeng Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chenyun Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuelei Hu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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79
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Fois SS, Canu S, Fois AG. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Sarcoidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111712. [PMID: 34769145 PMCID: PMC8584035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a rare, systemic inflammatory disease whose diagnosis and management can pose a challenge for clinicians and specialists. Scientific knowledge on the molecular pathways that drive its development is still lacking, with no standardized therapies available and insufficient strategies to predict patient outcome. In recent years, oxidative stress has been highlighted as an important factor in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, involving several enzymes and molecules in the mechanism of the disease. This review presents current data on the role of oxidative stress in sarcoidosis and its interaction with inflammation, as well as the application of antioxidative therapy in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Solveig Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Canu
- Respiratory Diseases Operative Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Giuseppe Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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Demasi M, Augusto O, Bechara EJH, Bicev RN, Cerqueira FM, da Cunha FM, Denicola A, Gomes F, Miyamoto S, Netto LES, Randall LM, Stevani CV, Thomson L. Oxidative Modification of Proteins: From Damage to Catalysis, Signaling, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1016-1080. [PMID: 33726509 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The systematic investigation of oxidative modification of proteins by reactive oxygen species started in 1980. Later, it was shown that reactive nitrogen species could also modify proteins. Some protein oxidative modifications promote loss of protein function, cleavage or aggregation, and some result in proteo-toxicity and cellular homeostasis disruption. Recent Advances: Previously, protein oxidation was associated exclusively to damage. However, not all oxidative modifications are necessarily associated with damage, as with Met and Cys protein residue oxidation. In these cases, redox state changes can alter protein structure, catalytic function, and signaling processes in response to metabolic and/or environmental alterations. This review aims to integrate the present knowledge on redox modifications of proteins with their fate and role in redox signaling and human pathological conditions. Critical Issues: It is hypothesized that protein oxidation participates in the development and progression of many pathological conditions. However, no quantitative data have been correlated with specific oxidized proteins or the progression or severity of pathological conditions. Hence, the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these modifications, their importance in human pathologies, and the fate of the modified proteins is of clinical relevance. Future Directions: We discuss new tools to cope with protein oxidation and suggest new approaches for integrating knowledge about protein oxidation and redox processes with human pathophysiological conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1016-1080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N Bicev
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Cerqueira
- CENTD, Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lía M Randall
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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81
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Natural Antibodies and Alloreactive T Cells Long after Kidney Transplantation. J Transplant 2021; 2021:7005080. [PMID: 34631160 PMCID: PMC8497134 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7005080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between circulating effector memory T and B cells long after transplantation and their susceptibility to immunosuppression are unknown. To investigate the impact of antirejection therapy on T cell-B cell coordinated immune responses, we assessed IFN-γ-producing memory cells and natural antibodies (nAbs) that potentially bind to autoantigens on the graft. Methods Plasma levels of IgG nAbs to malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 145 kidney transplant recipients at 5-7 years after transplantation. In 54 of these patients, the number of donor-reactive IFN-γ-producing cells was determined. 35/145 patients experienced rejection, 18 of which occurred within 1 year after transplantation. Results The number of donor-reactive IFN-γ-producing cells and the levels of nAbs were comparable between rejectors and nonrejectors. The nAbs levels were positively correlated with the number of donor-reactive IFN-γ-producing cells (r s = 0.39, p=0.004). The positive correlation was only observed in rejectors (r s = 0.53, p=0.003; nonrejectors: r s = 0.24, p=0.23). Moreover, we observed that intravenous immune globulin treatment affected the level of nAbs and this effect was found in patients who experienced a late ca-ABMR compared to nonrejectors (p=0.008). Conclusion The positive correlation found between alloreactive T cells and nAbs in rejectors suggests an intricate role for both components of the immune response in the rejection process. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin impacted nAbs.
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82
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Biomolecular Condensates in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1483. [PMID: 34573116 PMCID: PMC8465482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles (MLOs) that form dynamic, chemically distinct subcellular compartments organizing macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA in unicellular prokaryotic bacteria and complex eukaryotic cells. Separated from surrounding environments, MLOs in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and mitochondria assemble by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into transient, non-static, liquid-like droplets that regulate essential molecular functions. LLPS is primarily controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that fine-tune the balance between attractive and repulsive charge states and/or binding motifs of proteins. Aberrant phase separation due to dysregulated membrane lipid rafts and/or PTMs, as well as the absence of adequate hydrotropic small molecules such as ATP, or the presence of specific RNA proteins can cause pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin may exert a dominant influence over phase separation in biomolecular condensates by optimizing membrane and MLO interdependent reactions through stabilizing lipid raft domains, reducing line tension, and maintaining negative membrane curvature and fluidity. As a potent antioxidant, melatonin protects cardiolipin and other membrane lipids from peroxidation cascades, supporting protein trafficking, signaling, ion channel activities, and ATPase functionality during condensate coacervation or dissolution. Melatonin may even control condensate LLPS through PTM and balance mRNA- and RNA-binding protein composition by regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. There is currently a lack of pharmaceuticals targeting neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of phase separation. The potential of melatonin in the modulation of biomolecular condensate in the attenuation of aberrant condensate aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Bejaoui S, Ghribi F, Chetoui I, Aouini F, Bouaziz M, Houas-Gharsallah I, Soudani N, El Cafsi M. Effect of storage temperature and time on the fatty acids and nutritional quality of the commercial mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:3493-3503. [PMID: 34366466 PMCID: PMC8292492 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of storage time (5, 10 and 15 days) and temperature (- 20 °C and + 4 °C) on the biochemical composition of the Tunisian mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) was evaluated by investigating changes in proximate composition, fatty acids, minerals and nutritional quality indices. Lipid and protein degradations were also evaluated through several markers of oxidative damage. Results showed a significant decrease in the biochemical compounds in mussel tissues after both refrigeration and freezing processes (p < 0.01). As regards the fatty acid composition, saturated fatty acids increased significantly after both storage processes. However, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated decreased, especially after 10 and 15 days of storage. The reduction of nutritional quality and mineral contents were detected after both storage processes. Markers of oxidative damage varied remarkably between fresh and stored tissues, revealing that both processes greatly influenced the nutritional quality of mussels. Overall, it is well recommended to consume fresh and stored mussels for no more than 5 days in the refrigerator (+ 4 °C) in order to preserve the better quality of this product and provide more benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Feriel Ghribi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imene Chetoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Aouini
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Bouaziz
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Houas-Gharsallah
- Biological Laboratory, Higher Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, La Goulette Center, 2060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M’hamed El Cafsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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84
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Scanavachi G, Coutinho A, Fedorov AA, Prieto M, Melo AM, Itri R. Lipid Hydroperoxide Compromises the Membrane Structure Organization and Softens Bending Rigidity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9952-9963. [PMID: 34374545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid hydroperoxides are key mediators of diseases and cell death. In this work, the structural and dynamic perturbations induced by the hydroperoxidized POPC lipid (POPC-OOH) in fluid POPC membranes, at both 23 and 37 °C, were addressed using advanced small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and fluorescence methodologies. Notably, SAXS reveals that the hydroperoxide group decreases the lipid bilayer bending rigidity. This alteration disfavors the bilayer stacking and increases the swelling in-between stacked bilayers. We further investigated the changes in the apolar/polar interface of hydroperoxide-containing membranes through time-resolved fluorescence/anisotropy experiments of the probe TMA-DPH and time-dependent fluorescence shifts of Laurdan. A shorter mean fluorescence lifetime for TMA-DPH was obtained in enriched POPC-OOH membranes, revealing a higher degree of hydration near the membrane interface. Moreover, a higher microviscosity near TMA-DPH and lower order are predicted for these oxidized membranes, at variance with the usual trend of variation of these two parameters. Finally, the complex relaxation process of Laurdan in pure POPC-OOH membranes also indicates a higher membrane hydration and viscosity in the close vicinity of the -OOH moiety. Altogether, our combined approach reveals that the hydroperoxide group promotes alterations in the membrane structure organization, namely, at the level of membrane order, viscosity, and bending rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scanavachi
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ana Coutinho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Dep. Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Alexander Andreevich Fedorov
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ana M Melo
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
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Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Pathophysiological potential of lipid hydroperoxide intermembrane translocation: Cholesterol hydroperoxide translocation as a special case. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102096. [PMID: 34418596 PMCID: PMC8379493 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxidation of unsaturated phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol in biological membranes under oxidative stress conditions can underlie a variety of pathological conditions, including atherogenesis, neurodegeneration, and carcinogenesis. Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) are key intermediates in the peroxidative process. Nascent LOOHs may either undergo one-electron reduction to exacerbate membrane damage/dysfunction or two-electron reduction to attenuate this. Another possibility is LOOH translocation to an acceptor site, followed by either of these competing reductions. Cholesterol (Ch)-derived hydroperoxides (ChOOHs) have several special features that will be highlighted in this review. In addition to being susceptible to one-electron vs. two-electron reduction, ChOOHs can translocate from a membrane of origin to another membrane, where such turnover may ensue. Intracellular StAR family proteins have been shown to deliver not only Ch to mitochondria, but also ChOOHs. StAR-mediated transfer of free radical-generated 7-hydroperoxycholesterol (7-OOH) results in impairment of (a) Ch utilization in steroidogenic cells, and (b) anti-atherogenic reverse Ch transport in vascular macrophages. This is the first known example of how a peroxide derivative can be recognized by a natural lipid trafficking pathway with deleterious consequences. For each example above, we will discuss the underlying mechanism of oxidative damage/dysfunction, and how this might be mitigated by antioxidant intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Serum Inflammatory and Prooxidant Marker Levels in Different Periodontal Disease Stages. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9081070. [PMID: 34442206 PMCID: PMC8391602 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis has been associated to systemic diseases and this association could be due to an increase in circulating inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in the periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory and pro-oxidant markers according to different stages of periodontitis. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 70 subjects who were divided into three groups according to periodontitis stage: stage II (n = 22), stage III (n = 30), and stage IV (n = 18). We evaluated periodontal parameters and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine. RESULTS Serum hsCRP and fibrinogen levels were associated with periodontitis severity, which were higher in stage IV than in stages III and II of periodontitis (p = 0.003 and p = 0.025, respectively). We observed a slight yet insignificant increase in MDA levels related to periodontitis severity. Probing depth and clinical attachment loss were associated with serum fibrinogen and hsCRP levels. However, there were no significant associations between periodontal variables and MDA and 8-OHdG levels. CONCLUSION Our data support an association between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, which increases with periodontal disease severity. This indicates the importance of the early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease to avoid the development or worsening of systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Stead ER, Bjedov I. Balancing DNA repair to prevent ageing and cancer. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112679. [PMID: 34102225 PMCID: PMC8361780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is a constant stressor to the cell. Persistent damage to the DNA over time results in an increased risk of mutation and an accumulation of mutations with age. Loss of efficient DNA damage repair can lead to accelerated ageing phenotypes or an increased cancer risk, and the trade-off between cancer susceptibility and longevity is often driven by the cell's response to DNA damage. High levels of mutations in DNA repair mutants often leads to excessive cell death and stem cell exhaustion which may promote premature ageing. Stem cells themselves have distinct characteristics that enable them to retain low mutation rates. However, when mutations do arise, stem cell clonal expansion can also contribute to age-related tissue dysfunction as well as heightened cancer risk. In this review, we will highlight increasing DNA damage and mutation accumulation as hallmarks common to both ageing and cancer. We will propose that anti-ageing interventions might be cancer preventative and discuss the mechanisms through which they may act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Rachel Stead
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivana Bjedov
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London WC1E 6DD, UK; University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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88
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Homma T, Kobayashi S, Conrad M, Konno H, Yokoyama C, Fujii J. Nitric oxide protects against ferroptosis by aborting the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. Nitric Oxide 2021; 115:34-43. [PMID: 34329739 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent necrotic cell death, which is typically triggered by the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which is associated with increased lipid peroxidation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive gaseous radical mediator with anti-oxidation properties that terminates lipid peroxidation reactions. In the current study, we report the anti-ferroptotic action of NOC18, an NO donor that spontaneously releases NO, in cells under various ferroptotic conditions in vitro. Our results indicate that, when mouse hepatoma Hepa 1-6 cells are incubated with NOC18, cell death induced by various ferroptotic stimuli such as cysteine (Cys) starvation, the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and treatment with tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) is significantly reduced. Treatment with NOC18 failed to improve the decrease in the levels of Cys or GSH and the accumulation of ferrous iron upon ferroptotic stimuli. The fluorescent intensity of C11-BODIPY581/591, a probe that is used to detect lipid peroxidation products, was increased somewhat by treatment with NOC18 under conditions of Cys starvation, and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation end-products, as evidenced by the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal, were effectively suppressed. The pre-incubation of TBHP with NOC7, a short-lived NO donor completely eliminated its ability to trigger ferroptosis. These collective results indicate that NO exerts a cytoprotective action against various ferroptotic stimuli by aborting the lipid peroxidation chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ulitsa Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Chikako Yokoyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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Modulation of immunity and hepatic antioxidant defense by corticosteroids in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111025. [PMID: 34237465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of both the oral administration of hydrocortisone (HC) and an acute stressor on stress, innate immune responses and antioxidant system/oxidative stress responses of juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fish were either 1) given a commercial feed (C), 2) given a feed supplemented with 400 mg/kg HC, or 3) fed a commercial feed, chased for 2 min and exposed to air for 4 min (S). After initial sampling, fish C and HC were fed and sampled 1, 3, 6, 24 and 72 h post-feeding. Fish S were fed at the same time as the other groups, exposed to a stressor, and sampled 1, 3, 6, 24 and 72 h after. Exposure to the stressor increased circulating glucose and cortisol levels (at 1 and 3 h, respectively), while oral HC increased circulating cortisol at 1 h and glucose at 3 h. The stressor activated respiratory activity of leukocytes (RAL) at 3 h and reduced it at 6 h. HC did not activate RAL, but it did impair it at 6 h. The serum hemolytic activity of the complement system (HAC50) was impaired by the stressor at 1 and 3 h and by HC at 1 h. Regarding the antioxidant system, exposure to the stressor reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity and decreased concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver up to 6 h. HC only impaired GPx. Additionally, stress induced the accumulation of melano-macrophage (MM) and melano-macrophage centers (MMC), which are biomarkers of oxidative stress, in the spleen. Differences in biomarkers in fish given cortisol and exposed to stress indicate that exogenous hormone was unable to precisely reproduce stress responses.
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90
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Curcumin Decreases Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Nitro-Oxidative Damage to Plasma Proteins and Lipids Caused by Short-Term Exposure to Ozone. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134075. [PMID: 34279415 PMCID: PMC8272084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the consequence of harmful events affecting the nervous system that lead to neuronal death. Toxic substances, including air pollutants, are capable of inducing neurodegeneration. Ozone (O3) is the most oxidative toxic pollutant. O3 reacts with cellular components and forms reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, triggering nitro-oxidative damage during short-term exposure. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural phenolic molecule bearing well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities in diverse experimental models. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of preventive dietary administration of CUR against hippocampal neurodegeneration and nitro-oxidative damage caused by short-term exposure to O3. Eighty Wistar male rats were distributed into four experimental groups, twenty rats each: intact control; CUR dietary supplementation without O3 exposure; exposure to 0.7 ppm of O3; and exposed to O3 with CUR dietary supplementation. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 h of exposure. The CUR dose was 5.6 mg/kg and adjusted according to food consumption. CUR significantly decreased oxidative damage to plasma lipids and proteins, as well as neurodegeneration in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. Concluding, CUR proved effective protection in decreasing neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and prevented systemic oxidative damage.
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91
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Circulating Malondialdehyde Concentrations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071053. [PMID: 34210032 PMCID: PMC8300833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by nocturnal intermittent hypoxia plays a significant pathophysiological role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Malondialdehyde (MDA), one of the most commonly investigated markers of lipid peroxidation, might assist with the monitoring of oxidative balance in OSA. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the differences in circulating MDA concentrations between patients with OSA and non-OSA controls. A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar from inception to December 2020 by using the following terms: “malondialdehyde” or “MDA”; and “Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome”, “OSAS” or “OSA”. We identified 26 studies in 1223 OSA patients and 716 controls. The pooled MDA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with OSA (standardized mean difference (SMD) 1.43 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.83 μmol/L, p < 0.001). There was extreme heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 92.3%, p < 0.001). In meta-regression analysis, the SMD was significantly associated with age, the assay type used and publication year. In our meta-analysis, MDA concentrations were significantly higher in OSA patients than in controls. This finding suggests that MDA, which is a marker of lipid peroxidation, is involved in the pathogenesis of OSA and provides insights for future studies investigating its potential clinical use.
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92
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Gabe Y, Takeda K, Tobiishi M, Kikuchi S, Tsuda K, Haryuu Y, Nakajima Y, Inomata Y, Nakamura S, Murase D, Tokunaga S, Miyaki M, Takahashi Y. Evaluation of subclinical chronic sun damage in the skin via the detection of long-lasting ultraweak photon emission. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:1064-1071. [PMID: 33998715 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that solar radiation accelerates skin photoaging. To evaluate subclinical photodamage in the skin especially from the early phase of ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage, we have focused on ultraweak photon emission (UPE), also called biophotons. Our previous study reported that the amount of long-lasting UPE induced by UV, predominantly from lipid peroxidation, is a valuable indicator to assess cutaneous photodamage even at a suberythemal dose, although it was only applied to evaluate acute UV damage. The aim of this study was to further investigate whether long-lasting UPE could also be a useful marker to assess subclinical chronic sun damage in the course of skin photoaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three Japanese females in their 20s were recruited and were divided into two groups according to their history of sun exposure based on a questionnaire (high- and low-sun-exposure groups). Several skin properties on the cheek and outer forearm were measured in addition to UV-induced UPE. RESULTS Among the skin properties measured, water content, average skin roughness, and the lateral packing of lipids in the stratum corneum were significantly deteriorated in the high-sun-exposure group as were changes in some skin photoaging scores such as pigmented spots and wrinkles. In addition, those skin properties were correlated with the UPE signals, suggesting the possible impact of oxidative stress on chronic skin damage. CONCLUSION Subtle oxidative stress detected by long-lasting UPE may contribute to subclinical cutaneous damage at the beginning phase of chronic sun exposure, which potentially enhances skin photoaging over a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gabe
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Tobiishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Sho Kikuchi
- Skin Care Research, Kao Corporation, Sumida, Japan
| | - Koki Tsuda
- Analytical Science Research, Kao Corporation, Japan, Haga
| | | | | | | | - Shun Nakamura
- Analytical Science Research, Kao Corporation, Japan, Haga
| | - Daiki Murase
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
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Gamba P, Giannelli S, Staurenghi E, Testa G, Sottero B, Biasi F, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G. The Controversial Role of 24-S-Hydroxycholesterol in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050740. [PMID: 34067119 PMCID: PMC8151638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is influenced by several events, among which the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain plays a major role. Maintenance of brain cholesterol homeostasis is essential for neuronal functioning and brain development. To maintain the steady-state level, excess brain cholesterol is converted into the more hydrophilic metabolite 24-S-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC), also called cerebrosterol, by the neuron-specific enzyme CYP46A1. A growing bulk of evidence suggests that cholesterol oxidation products, named oxysterols, are the link connecting altered cholesterol metabolism to AD. It has been shown that the levels of some oxysterols, including 27-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol, significantly increase in AD brains contributing to disease progression. In contrast, 24-OHC levels decrease, likely due to neuronal loss. Among the different brain oxysterols, 24-OHC is certainly the one whose role is most controversial. It is the dominant oxysterol in the brain and evidence shows that it represents a signaling molecule of great importance for brain function. However, numerous studies highlighted the potential role of 24-OHC in favoring AD development, since it promotes neuroinflammation, amyloid β (Aβ) peptide production, oxidative stress and cell death. In parallel, 24-OHC has been shown to exert several beneficial effects against AD progression, such as preventing tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ production. In this review we focus on the current knowledge of the controversial role of 24-OHC in AD pathogenesis, reporting a detailed overview of the findings about its levels in different AD biological samples and its noxious or neuroprotective effects in the brain. Given the relevant role of 24-OHC in AD pathophysiology, its targeting could be useful for disease prevention or slowing down its progression.
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Takahashi A, Takahashi R, Hiromori K, Shibasaki‐Kitakawa N. Quantitative Evaluation of Oxidative Stability of Biomembrane Lipids in the Presence of Vitamin E. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980‐8579 Japan
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980‐8579 Japan
| | - Kousuke Hiromori
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980‐8579 Japan
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Terasaki Y, Terasaki M, Shimizu A. Protective Effects of Hydrogen against Irradiation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:679-686. [PMID: 33463456 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210119103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury is characterized by an acute pneumonia phase followed by a fibrotic phase. At the time of irradiation, a rapid, short-lived burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) occurs, but chronic radiation-induced lung injury may occur due to excess ROS such as H2O2, O2•-, ONOO-, and •OH. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an efficient antioxidant that quickly diffuses cell membranes, reduces ROS such as •OH and ONOO-, and suppresses damage caused by oxidative stress in various organs. In 2011, through the evaluation of electron-spin resonance and fluorescent indicator signals, we had reported that H2 can eliminate •OH and can protect against oxidative stress-related apoptotic damage induced by irradiation of cultured lung epithelial cells. We had explored for the first time the radioprotective effects of H2 treatment on acute and chronic radiation-induced lung damage in mice by inhaled H2 gas (for acute) and imbibed H2-enriched water (for chronic). Thus, we had proposed that H2 be considered a potential radioprotective agent. Recent publications have shown that H2 directly neutralizes highly reactive oxidants and indirectly reduces oxidative stress by regulating the expression of various genes. By regulating gene expression, H2 functions as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic molecule and promotes energy metabolism. The increased evidence obtained from cultured cells or animal experiments reveal a putative place for H2 treatment and its radioprotective effect clinically. This review focuses on major scientific advances in the treatment of H2 as a new class of radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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96
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Bajgai J, Lee KJ, Rahman MH, Fadriquela A, Kim CS. Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Skin Diseases and its Impact in Beauty. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:737-746. [PMID: 32981497 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200925124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In today's society, healthy skin and a beautiful appearance are considered the foundation of general well-being. The skin is the largest organ of the body and plays an important role in protecting it against various hazards such as environmental, physical, chemical, and biological hazards. These factors include mediators that lead to oxidation reactions that produce reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and additional oxidants in the skin cells. An increase in oxidants beyond the antioxidant capacity of its defense system causes oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the body. This response can cause further disruption of collagen fibers and hinder the functioning of skin cells that may result in the development of various skin diseases including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and aging. In this review, we summarized the present information related to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dermatological disorders, and its impact on physical beauty and the daily lives of patients. We also discussed how molecular hydrogen exhibits a therapeutic effect against skin diseases via its effects on oxidative stress. Furthermore, findings from this summary review indicate that molecular hydrogen might be an effective treatment modality for the prevention and treatment of skin-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
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97
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Zhou G, Wang Y, Gao S, Fu X, Cao Y, Peng Y, Zhuang J, Hu J, Shao A, Wang L. Potential Mechanisms and Perspectives in Ischemic Stroke Treatment Using Stem Cell Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646927. [PMID: 33869200 PMCID: PMC8047216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the major causes of death and disability due to the limited ability of central nervous system cells to regenerate and differentiate. Although several advances have been made in stroke therapies in the last decades, there are only a few approaches available to improve IS outcome. In the acute phase of IS, mechanical thrombectomy and the administration of tissue plasminogen activator have been widely used, while aspirin or clopidogrel represents the main therapy used in the subacute or chronic phase. However, in most cases, stroke patients fail to achieve satisfactory functional recovery under the treatments mentioned above. Recently, cell therapy, especially stem cell therapy, has been considered as a novel and potential therapeutic strategy to improve stroke outcome through mechanisms, including cell differentiation, cell replacement, immunomodulation, neural circuit reconstruction, and protective factor release. Different stem cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, marrow mononuclear cells, and neural stem cells, have also been considered for stroke therapy. In recent years, many clinical and preclinical studies on cell therapy have been carried out, and numerous results have shown that cell therapy has bright prospects in the treatment of stroke. However, some cell therapy issues are not yet fully understood, such as its optimal parameters including cell type choice, cell doses, and injection routes; therefore, a closer relationship between basic and clinical research is needed. In this review, the role of cell therapy in stroke treatment and its mechanisms was summarized, as well as the function of different stem cell types in stroke treatment and the clinical trials using stem cell therapy to cure stroke, to reveal future insights on stroke-related cell therapy, and to guide further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiongjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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98
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Semchyshyn H. Is carbonyl/AGE/RAGE stress a hallmark of the brain aging? Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:723-734. [PMID: 33742308 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have linked carbonyl stress to many physiological processes. Increase in the levels of carbonyl compounds, derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources, is believed to accompany normal age-related decline as well as different pathologies. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are capable of damaging biomolecules via their involvement in a net of nonspecific reactions. In the advanced stages of RCS metabolism, variety of poorly degraded adducts and crosslinks, collectively named advanced glycoxidation end products (AGEs), arises. They are accumulated in an age-dependent manner in different tissues and organs and can contribute to inflammatory processes. In particular, detrimental effects of the end products are realized via activation of the specific receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and RAGE-dependent inflammatory signaling cascade. Although it is unclear, whether carbonyl stress is causal for age-associated impairments or it results from age- and disease-related cell damages, increased levels of RCS and AGEs are tightly related to inflammaging, and therefore, attenuation of the RAGE signaling is suggested as an effective approach for the treatment of inflammation and age-related disorders. The question raised in this review is whether specific metabolism in the aging brain related to carbonyl/RCS/AGE/RAGE stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Semchyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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99
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Lipid peroxidation products as a mediator of toxicity and adaptive response - The regulatory role of selenoprotein and vitamin E. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 703:108840. [PMID: 33744199 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation and its products have been investigated extensively and their biological importance, particularly in relation to physiological and pathophysiological conditions, has received considerable attention. Lipids are oxidized by three distinct mechanisms, i.e., enzymatic oxidation, nonenzymatic, free radical-mediated oxidation, and nonenzymatic, nonradical-mediated oxidation, which respectively yield specific products. Lipid hydroperoxides are the major primary products formed and are reduced to the corresponding hydroxides by antioxidative enzymes such as selenoproteins, and/or undergo secondary oxidation, generating various products with electrophilic properties, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Lipid peroxidation induces a loss of fine structure and natural function of lipids, and can produce cytotoxicity and/or novel biological activity. This review broadly discusses the mechanisms of lipid peroxidation and its products, its utility as a biomarker for oxidative stress, the biological effects of lipid peroxidation products, including their action as a mediator of the adaptive response, and the role of the antioxidant system, particularly selenoproteins and vitamin E, in preventing lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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100
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Nahar M, Jat D. Long-Term Exposure of Alcohol Induced Behavioral Impairments and Oxidative Stress in the Brain Mitochondria and Synaptosomes of Adult Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2021; 18:110-124. [PMID: 33728993 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism causes deleterious effects such as physiological and neuronal alterations leading to the cognitive and other behavioral impairments. Mitochondrial and synaptosomal deteriorations in the brain of alcoholic persons exhibited metabolic, biochemical changes and other related risk factors, which mainly affect the brain function. This study aimed to assess the effect of chronic alcohol-induced mitochondrial and synaptosomal oxidative damage along with behavioral impairment in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish of control group received the system water and normal diet ad libitum (group I); the other groups were treated with 0.20% alcohol (group II) and 0.40% alcohol (group III) directly in fish tank for 22 days. The result revealed significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, and significant decline in the activity of catalase and Na+/K+ ATPase compared to control. Furthermore, the alcohol-treated zebrafish also showed significant behavioral alterations. Collectively, this regulatory mechanism demonstrates the effect of long-term alcohol consumption in the zebrafish. Our results indicate that this recreational drug "alcohol" is harmful to brain mitochondria and synaptosomes, which are the main organelles, and play an important role in memory, learning, cognitive function, and ATP formation in the brain, which may represent a significant public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nahar
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Deepali Jat
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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