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Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Acquisition of Stem Cell Properties and Therapy Resistance in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115681. [PMID: 34073600 PMCID: PMC8197977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is tightly linked to the maintenance of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level. This enzyme catalyzes methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) into methyl nicotinamide (MNAM), which is either excreted or further metabolized to N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY) and H2O2. Enzymatic activity of NNMT is important for the prevention of NAM-mediated inhibition of NAD+-consuming enzymes poly-adenosine -diphosphate (ADP), ribose polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins (SIRTs). Inappropriately high expression and activity of NNMT, commonly present in various types of cancer, has the potential to disrupt NAD+ homeostasis and cellular methylation potential. Largely overlooked, in the context of cancer, is the inhibitory effect of 2-PY on PARP-1 activity, which abrogates NNMT's positive effect on cellular NAD+ flux by stalling liberation of NAM and reducing NAD+ synthesis in the salvage pathway. This review describes, and discusses, the mechanisms by which NNMT promotes NAD+ depletion and epigenetic reprogramming, leading to the development of metabolic plasticity, evasion of a major tumor suppressive process of cellular senescence, and acquisition of stem cell properties. All these phenomena are related to therapy resistance and worse clinical outcomes.
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Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress: The Role of Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050794. [PMID: 34067882 PMCID: PMC8156559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging. Dysfunctional mitochondria are recognized and degraded by a selective type of macroautophagy, named mitophagy. One of the main factors contributing to aging is oxidative stress, and one of the early responses to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is the induction of mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. However, mitochondrial damage caused at least in part by chronic oxidative stress can accumulate, and autophagic and mitophagic pathways can become overwhelmed. The imbalance of the delicate equilibrium among mitophagy, ROS production and mitochondrial damage can start, drive, or accelerate the aging process, either in physiological aging, or in pathological age-related conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. It remains to be determined which is the prime mover of this imbalance, i.e., whether it is the mitochondrial damage caused by ROS that initiates the dysregulation of mitophagy, thus activating a vicious circle that leads to the reduced ability to remove damaged mitochondria, or an alteration in the regulation of mitophagy leading to the excessive production of ROS by damaged mitochondria.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to be a risk factor for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) induced by aging, noise, ototoxic drugs, and gene. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly derived from mitochondria, and oxidative stress induced by ROS contributes to cochlear damage as well as mitochondrial DNA mutations, which may enhance the sensitivity and severity of hearing loss and disrupt ion homeostasis (e.g., Ca2+ homeostasis). The formation and accumulation of ROS further undermine mitochondrial components and ultimately lead to apoptosis and necrosis. SIRT3–5, located in mitochondria, belong to the family of sirtuins, which are highly conserved deacetylases dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). These deacetylases regulate diverse cellular biochemical activities. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial sirtuins, especially SIRT3, modulate ROS levels in hearing loss pathologies. Although the precise functions of SIRT4 and SIRT5 in the cochlea remain unclear, the molecular mechanisms in other tissues indicate a potential protective effect against hearing loss. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in hearing loss, discuss possible functional links between mitochondrial sirtuins and SNHL, and propose a perspective that SIRT3–5 have a positive effect on SNHL.
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Chen H, Kang J, Zhang F, Yan T, Fan W, He H, Huang F. SIRT4 regulates rat dental papilla cell differentiation by promoting mitochondrial functions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105962. [PMID: 33636397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SIRT4 is a mitochondrial sirtuin. Owing to its dependance on the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), SIRT4 can act as a mitochondrial metabolic sensor of cellular energy status. We have previously shown that enhancement of mitochondrial functions is vital for the odontogenic diff ;erentiation of dental papilla cells (DPCs) during dentinogenesis. However, whether SIRT4 serves as an effective regulator of DPC diff ;erentiation by affecting mitochondrial functions remains unexplored. METHODS Primary DPCs obtained from the first molar dental papilla of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The expression pattern of SIRT4 was observed by immunohistochemistry in the first molar of postnatal day 1 (P1) rats. The changes in SIRT4 expression during odontogenic DPC differentiation were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence. DPCs with loss (small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown) and gain (plasmid transfection-induced overexpression) of SIRT4 function were used to explore the role of SIRT4 in odontogenic differentiation. Mitochondrial function assays were performed using ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NAD+/NADH kits to investigate the potential mechanisms involved in SIRT4-mediated dentinogenesis. RESULTS In the present study, we found that SIRT4 expression increased in a time-dependent manner during odontogenic differentiation bothin vivo and in vitro. Sirt4 knockdown resulted in reduced odontogenic differentiation and mineralization, whereas an opposite effect was observed with SIRT4 overexpression. Furthermore, our results verified that in addition to reducing DPC differentiation, Sirt4 knockdown could also significantly reduce ATP levels, elevate the NAD+/NADH ratio, and increase ROS levels. CONCLUSION SIRT4 regulates mitochondrial functions and the antioxidant capacity of DPCs, thereby influencing dentin formation and tooth development, a phenomenon that may provide a foundation for better understanding the specific molecular mechanisms underlying dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhao Y, Han Y, Sun Y, Wei Z, Chen J, Niu X, An Q, Zhang L, Qi R, Gao X. Comprehensive Succinylome Profiling Reveals the Pivotal Role of Lysine Succinylation in Energy Metabolism and Quorum Sensing of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:632367. [PMID: 33597936 PMCID: PMC7882547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.632367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysine succinylation is a newly identified posttranslational modification (PTM), which exists widely from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and participates in various cellular processes, especially in the metabolic processes. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal bacterium in the skin, which attracts more attention as a pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients and neonates by attaching to medical devices and forming biofilms. However, the significance of lysine succinylation in S. epidermidis proteins has not been investigated. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and pathological processes of S. epidermidis at the level of PTM. Moreover, by analyzing previous succinylome datasets in various organisms, we tried to provide an in-depth understanding of lysine succinylation. Methods Using antibody affinity enrichment followed by LC-MS/MS analysis, we examined the succinylome of S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228). Then, bioinformatics analysis was performed, including Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG enrichment, motif characterization, secondary structure, protein–protein interaction, and BLAST analysis. Results A total of 1557 succinylated lysine sites in 649 proteins were identified in S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228). Among these succinylation proteins, GO annotation showed that proteins related to metabolic processes accounted for the most. KEGG pathway characterization indicated that proteins associated with the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and citrate cycle (TCA cycle) pathway were more likely to be succinylated. Moreover, 13 conserved motifs were identified. The specific motif KsuD was conserved in model prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Succinylated proteins with this motif were highly enriched in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. One succinylation site (K144) was identified in S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase, a key enzyme in the quorum sensing system, indicating the regulatory role succinylation may play in bacterial processes. Furthermore, 15 succinyltransferases and 18 desuccinylases (erasers) were predicted in S. epidermidis by BLAST analysis. Conclusion We performed the first comprehensive profile of succinylation in S. epidermidis and illustrated the significant role succinylation may play in energy metabolism, QS system, and other bacterial behaviors. This study may be a fundamental basis to investigate the underlying mechanisms of colonization, virulence, and infection of S. epidermidis, as well as provide a new insight into regulatory effects succinylation may lay on metabolic processes (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022866).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzhe Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian An
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sirtuin 5 Is Regulated by the SCF Cyclin F Ubiquitin Ligase and Is Involved in Cell Cycle Control. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:MCB.00269-20. [PMID: 33168699 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00269-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is essential for cell cycle progression. Cyclin F is a cell cycle-regulated substrate adapter F-box protein for the Skp1, CUL1, and F-box protein (SCF) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Despite its importance in cell cycle progression, identifying cyclin F-bound SCF complex (SCFCyclin F) substrates has remained challenging. Since cyclin F overexpression rescues a yeast mutant in the cdc4 gene, we considered the possibility that other genes that genetically modify cdc4 mutant lethality could also encode cyclin F substrates. We identified the mitochondrial and cytosolic deacylating enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) as a novel cyclin F substrate. SIRT5 has been implicated in metabolic processes, but its connection to the cell cycle is not known. We show that cyclin F interacts with and controls the ubiquitination, abundance, and stability of SIRT5. We show SIRT5 knockout results in a diminished G1 population and a subsequent increase in both S and G2/M. Global proteomic analyses reveal cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling changes congruent with the cell cycle changes in SIRT5 knockout cells. Together, these data demonstrate that SIRT5 is regulated by cyclin F and suggest a connection between SIRT5, cell cycle regulation, and metabolism.
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Expression of sirtuin type 3 in locus ceruleus is associated with long-term intermittent hypoxia-induced neurocognitive impairment in mice. Neuroreport 2021; 31:220-225. [PMID: 31876685 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that increased oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms underlying the cognitive dysfunction induced by long-term intermittent hypoxia (LTIH). Locus ceruleus (LC) neurons, which fire at high rate across wakefulness, are essential for optimal cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sirtuin type 3 (SirT3), a redox responses coordinator, plays a role in LTIH-induced neurocognitive impairment. Mice were subjected to LTIH or room air [normal control (NC)] for 10 weeks (10 h/day). Morris water maze test was used to detect spatial learning and memory ability. The oxidative stress was evaluated through the level of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and dihydroethidium and ethidium (DHE). Then the correlation between the number of platform crossing and SirT3 content measured by western blot was analyzed. Results showed that performance on the Morris water maze test was significantly worse for LTIH mice than for NC mice. LTIH exposure downregulated SirT3 and SOD2 in LC neurons, increasing DHE immunodensity. In addition, the SirT3 protein levels in LC neurons were positively related to the number of platform crossing. These observations suggest that SirT3-SOD2-intracellular superoxide is a key component associated with the cognitive dysfunction induced by LTIH. Moreover, they lend support to a rational basis for targeting upregulation of SirT3 in LC as a disease modifying strategy.Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/WNR/A577.
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Bai Y, Yang J, Cui Y, Yao Y, Wu F, Liu C, Fan X, Zhang Y. Research Progress of Sirtuin4 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:562950. [PMID: 33585187 PMCID: PMC7874138 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.562950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are members of the silent information regulator-2 family. They are a conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein lysine deacylases. SIRTS are involved in intricate cellular processes. There are seven subtypes of SIRTs (1–7) in mammals. SIRT4 is located mainly in mitochondria and has various catalytic activities. These enzyme activities give it a diverse range of important biologic functions, such as energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and aging. Cancer is characterized as reprogramming of energy metabolism and redox imbalance, and SIRT4 can affect tumorigenesis. Here, we review the structure, localization, and enzyme activity of SIRT4 and its role in various neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiani Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanfei Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Caiqi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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Sherin F, Gomathy S, Antony S. Sirtuin3 in Neurological Disorders. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 13:140-147. [PMID: 33290206 DOI: 10.2174/2589977512666201207200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent enzymes that have a predominant role in neurodegenerative disorders and also regulate the inflammatory process, protein aggregation, etc. The relation between Sirtuins with that of the nervous system and neurodegeneration are widely studied consequently. Sirtuins have a strong role in metabolic syndrome in mitochondria also. The activities of Sirtuins can be altered by using small molecules that would be developed into drugs and it is proven that manipulation of SIRT1 activity influences neurodegenerative disease models. They are especially thrilling since using small molecules, which would be developed into a drug, it is feasible to alter the activities of sirtuins. Different functions of Sirtuins are depended upon their subcellular localization. In this review paper, we are discussing different Sirtuins, differential expression of sirtuins, and expression of sirtuin in the brain and briefly about sirtuin3 (SIRT3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhath Sherin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty,. India
| | - S Gomathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty,. India
| | - Shanish Antony
- Department of Pharmacy, Govt. Medical College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kottayam, . India
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Dou L, Li X, Zhang L, Xiang H, Xu L. iGlu_AdaBoost: Identification of Lysine Glutarylation Using the AdaBoost Classifier. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:191-201. [PMID: 33090794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysine glutarylation is a newly reported post-translational modification (PTM) that plays significant roles in regulating metabolic and mitochondrial processes. Accurate identification of protein glutarylation is the primary task to better investigate molecular functions and various applications. Due to the common disadvantages of the time-consuming and expensive nature of traditional biological sequencing techniques as well as the explosive growth of protein data, building precise computational models to rapidly diagnose glutarylation is a popular and feasible solution. In this work, we proposed a novel AdaBoost-based predictor called iGlu_AdaBoost to distinguish glutarylation and non-glutarylation sequences. Here, the top 37 features were chosen from a total of 1768 combined features using Chi2 following incremental feature selection (IFS) to build the model, including 188D, the composition of k-spaced amino acid pairs (CKSAAP), and enhanced amino acid composition (EAAC). With the help of the hybrid-sampling method SMOTE-Tomek, the AdaBoost algorithm was performed with satisfactory recall, specificity, and AUC values of 87.48%, 72.49%, and 0.89 over 10-fold cross validation as well as 72.73%, 71.92%, and 0.63 over independent test, respectively. Further feature analysis inferred that positively charged amino acids RK play critical roles in glutarylation recognition. Our model presented the well generalization ability and consistency of the prediction results of positive and negative samples, which is comparable to four published tools. The proposed predictor is an efficient tool to find potential glutarylation sites and provides helpful suggestions for further research on glutarylation mechanisms and concerned disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dou
- School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Equipment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Huaikun Xiang
- School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Maghbooli Z, Emamgholipour S, Aliakbar S, Amini M, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Hossein-Nezhad A. Differential expressions of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:363-368. [PMID: 30572719 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1543328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from type 2 diabetes patients with retinopathy (diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients) (n = 86) and those without retinopathy (n = 103). The mRNA expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy. Notably, protein levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 were higher in patients with DR compared with controls after adjusting for diabetes duration and taking metformin (p = .001 for SIRT1; p = .001 for SIRT3; p = .005 for SIRT4). In the logistic model, there was a significant association between SIRT3 and DR (p = .0001) independent of age and sex and hyperglycaemia markers including FBS, HbA1c, and diabetic duration. These findings suggest an emerging role of sirtuins in the pathogenesis of retinopathy, but further studies are necessary to establish this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- MS Research Center, Neurosciences Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Aliakbar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Amini
- Nephrology Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Hossein-Nezhad
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Trefely S, Lovell CD, Snyder NW, Wellen KE. Compartmentalised acyl-CoA metabolism and roles in chromatin regulation. Mol Metab 2020; 38:100941. [PMID: 32199817 PMCID: PMC7300382 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many metabolites serve as important signalling molecules to adjust cellular activities and functions based on nutrient availability. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone lysine acetylation, and gene expression have been documented and studied over the past decade. In recent years, several additional acyl modifications to histone lysine residues have been identified, which depend on acyl-coenzyme A thioesters (acyl-CoAs) as acyl donors. Acyl-CoAs are intermediates of multiple distinct metabolic pathways, and substantial evidence has emerged that histone acylation is metabolically sensitive. Nevertheless, the metabolic sources of acyl-CoAs used for chromatin modification in most cases remain poorly understood. Elucidating how these diverse chemical modifications are coupled to and regulated by cellular metabolism is important in deciphering their functional significance. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we review the metabolic pathways that produce acyl-CoAs, as well as emerging evidence for functional roles of diverse acyl-CoAs in chromatin regulation. Because acetyl-CoA has been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we will focus on four other acyl-CoA metabolites integral to major metabolic pathways that are also known to modify histones: succinyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, crotonoyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA. We also briefly mention several other acyl-CoA species, which present opportunities for further research; malonyl-CoA, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA, and lactyl-CoA. Each acyl-CoA species has distinct roles in metabolism, indicating the potential to report shifts in the metabolic status of the cell. For each metabolite, we consider the metabolic pathways in which it participates and the nutrient sources from which it is derived, the compartmentalisation of its metabolism, and the factors reported to influence its abundance and potential nuclear availability. We also highlight reported biological functions of these metabolically-linked acylation marks. Finally, we aim to illuminate key questions in acyl-CoA metabolism as they relate to the control of chromatin modification. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A majority of acyl-CoA species are annotated to mitochondrial metabolic processes. Since acyl-CoAs are not known to be directly transported across mitochondrial membranes, they must be synthesized outside of mitochondria and potentially within the nucleus to participate in chromatin regulation. Thus, subcellular metabolic compartmentalisation likely plays a key role in the regulation of histone acylation. Metabolite tracing in combination with targeting of relevant enzymes and transporters will help to map the metabolic pathways that connect acyl-CoA metabolism to chromatin modification. The specific function of each acyl-CoA may be determined in part by biochemical properties that affect its propensity for enzymatic versus non-enzymatic protein modification, as well as the various enzymes that can add, remove and bind each modification. Further, competitive and inhibitory effects of different acyl-CoA species on these enzymes make determining the relative abundance of acyl-CoA species in specific contexts important to understand the regulation of chromatin acylation. An improved and more nuanced understanding of metabolic regulation of chromatin and its roles in physiological and disease-related processes will emerge as these questions are answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Sa de Almeida J, Vargas M, Fonseca-Gomes J, Tanqueiro SR, Belo RF, Miranda-Lourenço C, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Pais TF. Microglial Sirtuin 2 Shapes Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampal Slices. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:614. [PMID: 32625056 PMCID: PMC7315392 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells have emerged as crucial players in synaptic plasticity during development and adulthood, and also in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. Here we found that decreased levels of Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) deacetylase in microglia affects hippocampal synaptic plasticity under inflammatory conditions. The results show that long-term potentiation (LTP) magnitude recorded from hippocampal slices of wild type mice does not differ between those exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pro-inflammatory stimulus, or BSA. However, LTP recorded from hippocampal slices of microglial-specific Sirt2 deficient (Sirt2–) mice was significantly impaired by LPS. Importantly, LTP values were restored by memantine, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. These results indicate that microglial Sirt2 prevents NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in hippocampal slices in response to an inflammatory signal such as LPS. Overall, our data suggest a key-protective role for microglial Sirt2 in mnesic deficits associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Sa de Almeida
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vargas
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Ramalho Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita F Belo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Miranda-Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Huang Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species cause major oxidative mitochondrial DNA damages and repair pathways. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Smolková K, Špačková J, Gotvaldová K, Dvořák A, Křenková A, Hubálek M, Holendová B, Vítek L, Ježek P. SIRT3 and GCN5L regulation of NADP+- and NADPH-driven reactions of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase IDH2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8677. [PMID: 32457458 PMCID: PMC7250847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild type mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) was previously reported to produce oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Besides, mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 has been shown to regulate the oxidative function of IDH2. However, regulation of 2HG formation by SIRT3-mediated deacetylation was not investigated yet. We aimed to study mitochondrial IDH2 function in response to acetylation and deacetylation, and focus specifically on 2HG production by IDH2. We used acetylation surrogate mutant of IDH2 K413Q and assayed enzyme kinetics of oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, 2HG production by the enzyme, and 2HG production in cells. The purified IDH2 K413Q exhibited lower oxidative reaction rates than IDH2 WT. 2HG production by IDH2 K413Q was largely diminished at the enzymatic and cellular level, and knockdown of SIRT3 also inhibited 2HG production by IDH2. Contrary, the expression of putative mitochondrial acetylase GCN5L likely does not target IDH2. Using mass spectroscopy, we further identified lysine residues within IDH2, which are the substrates of SIRT3. In summary, we demonstrate that 2HG levels arise from non-mutant IDH2 reductive function and decrease with increasing acetylation level. The newly identified lysine residues might apply in regulation of IDH2 function in response to metabolic perturbations occurring in cancer cells, such as glucose-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Smolková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Špačková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Gotvaldová
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Dvořák
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Křenková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dong D, Dong Y, Fu J, Lu S, Yuan C, Xia M, Sun L. Bcl2 inhibitor ABT737 reverses the Warburg effect via the Sirt3-HIF1α axis to promote oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Life Sci 2020; 255:117846. [PMID: 32470451 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Compared to normal cells, tumor cells maintain higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to support proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Chemotherapeutic drugs often induce tumor cell apoptosis by increasing intracellular ROS concentrations to highly toxic levels. ABT737, which inhibits the apoptosis regulator B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), increases the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by regulating the glucose metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether ABT737 promoted H2O2-induced tumor cell apoptosis by reversing glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells. MAIN METHODS SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells were treated with H2O2, ABT737, or both. Cell viability was compared using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), and flow cytometry was used to detect differences in apoptosis, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The relative expression levels of proteins associated with apoptosis and the glucose metabolism were measured using immunoblotting. Finally, glucose uptake and lactate secretion were measured using kits and compared. KEY FINDINGS ABT737 downregulated proteins associated with glucose uptake (GLUT1) and glycolysis (LHDA, PKM2 and HK2) via the Sirt3-HIF1α axis, reducing glucose uptake and lactate secretion in SKOV3 cells. This reversed glycolysis in the tumor cells, and promoted H2O2-induced apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE The Bcl2 inhibitor ABT737 enhanced the anti-tumor effect of oxidative stress by reversing the Warburg effect in ovarian cancer cells, providing powerful theoretical support for further clinical applications of Bcl2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shengyao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunli Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Meihui Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
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67
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Chao YM, Wu KLH, Tsai PC, Tain YL, Leu S, Lee WC, Chan JYH. Anomalous AMPK-regulated angiotensin AT 1R expression and SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis at RVLM in hypertension programming of offspring to maternal high fructose exposure. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:68. [PMID: 32446297 PMCID: PMC7245869 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue oxidative stress, sympathetic activation and nutrient sensing signals are closely related to adult hypertension of fetal origin, although their interactions in hypertension programming remain unclear. Based on a maternal high-fructose diet (HFD) model of programmed hypertension, we tested the hypothesis that dysfunction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression and sirtuin1 (SIRT1)-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis contribute to tissue oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation in programmed hypertension of young offspring. METHODS Pregnant female rats were randomly assigned to receive normal diet (ND) or HFD (60% fructose) chow during pregnancy and lactation. Both ND and HFD offspring returned to ND chow after weaning, and blood pressure (BP) was monitored from age 6 to 12 weeks. At age of 8 weeks, ND and HFD offspring received oral administration of simvastatin or metformin; or brain microinfusion of losartan. BP was monitored under conscious condition by the tail-cuff method. Nutrient sensing molecules, AT1R, subunits of NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial biogenesis markers in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were measured by Western blot analyses. RVLM oxidative stress was measured by fluorescent probe dihydroethidium and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde assay. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Increased systolic BP, plasma norepinephrine level and sympathetic vasomotor activity were exhibited by young HFD offspring. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was also elevated in RVLM where sympathetic premotor neurons reside, alongside augmented protein expressions of AT1R and pg91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, decrease in superoxide dismutase 2; and suppression of transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Maternal HFD also attenuated AMPK phosphorylation and protein expression of SIRT1 in RVLM of young offspring. Oral administration of a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin, or an AMPK activator, metformin, to young HFD offspring reversed maternal HFD-programmed increase in AT1R and decreases in SIRT1, PGC-1α and TFAM; alleviated ROS production in RVLM, and attenuated sympathoexcitation and hypertension. CONCLUSION Dysfunction of AMPK-regulated AT1R expression and SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis may contribute to tissue oxidative stress in RVLM, which in turn primes increases of sympathetic vasomotor activity and BP in young offspring programmed by excessive maternal fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Mei Chao
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chia Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung Univeristy College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Steve Leu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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Song YJ, Zhong CB, Wu W. Cardioprotective effects of melatonin: Focusing on its roles against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110260. [PMID: 32447213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal-produced indole known for its anti-aging, antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties. In past decades, the protective potentials of melatonin for cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, have been widely revealed, triggering more investigations focused on other cardioprotective effects of melatonin. Recently, the roles of melatonin in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) have attracted increased attention. In this regard, researchers found that melatonin attenuated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, thus interrupting the development of DCM. Retinoid-related orphan receptor α is a key melatonin receptor that contributed to the cardioprotective effect of melatonin in hearts with DCM. For the downstream mechanisms, the inhibition of mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 plays a pivotal role, which exerts antiapoptotic and proautophagic effects, thus enhancing cardiac tolerance in high-glucose conditions. In addition, other signalling mechanisms, such as sirtuin-1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator alpha and endoplasmic reticulum-related signalling, are also involved in the protective effects of melatonin on cardiomyocytes under diabetic conditions. This review will focus on the protective signalling mechanisms regulated by melatonin and provide a better understanding of the therapeutic applications of melatonin signalling in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Song
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
| | - Chong-Bin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, PR China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
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Su S, Ndiaye M, Singh CK, Ahmad N. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Skin and Skin Cancers. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:973-980. [PMID: 32124989 DOI: 10.1111/php.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases with distinct subcellular localization and biological functions that regulate various important cellular processes. Among these, SIRTs -3, -4 and -5 are located in the mitochondria and have been implicated in caloric restriction, oxidative stress, aging and various human diseases. Emerging evidence has found dysregulation of mitochondrial sirtuins in multiple dermatological conditions, including responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), suggesting their importance in maintaining skin health. In this review, we discuss the roles and implications of mitochondrial sirtuins in cutaneous cellular processes, and their emerging potential as a target for the management of skin diseases, including skin cancer. Among mitochondrial sirtuins, SIRT3 is the most studied and linked to multiple skin conditions and diseases (keratinocyte differentiation, wound healing, chronological aging, UVR and ozone response, systemic sclerosis, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)). SIRT4 has been connected to keratinocyte differentiation, chronological aging, UVR response, alopecia, BCC and SCC. Further, SIRT5 has been associated with keratinocyte differentiation, melanoma, BCC and SCC. Overall, while there is compelling evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial sirtuins in skin, additional detailed studies are needed to understand their exact roles in skin and skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqin Su
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mary Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI
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Mori N. [Brain and Neuronal Aging: Aged Brain Controls via Gene Expression Fidelity and Master Regulatory Factors]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:395-404. [PMID: 32115559 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Providing plausible strategies for brain aging protection should be a critical concern for countries with large elderly populations including Japan. Age-related cognitive impairments and movement disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, are caused by neurodegeneration that primarily initiates in the hippocampus and the midbrain substantia nigra, respectively. Neurons are postmitotic, and therefore, the accuracy of cellular metabolism should be crucial for maintaining neural functions throughout their life. Thus accuracy of protein synthesis is a critical concern in discussing mechanisms of aging. The essence of the so-called "error catastrophe theory" of aging was on the fidelity of ribosomal translation and/or aminoacylation of tRNA. There is evidence that reduced protein synthesis accuracy results in neurodegeneration. Similarly, reduced proteostasis via autophagy and proteasomes in aging is crucial for protein quality control and well documented as a risk for aging. In both neurodegeneration and protein quality controls, various proteins are involved in their regulation, but recent evidence suggests that repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) could be a master regulatory protein that is crucial for orchestrating the neural protecting events in human brain aging. REST is induced in the aged brain, and protects neurons against oxidative stress and protein toxicity. Interestingly, REST is identical with neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF), the master regulator of neural development. Thus NRSF/REST play important roles in both neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. In this review, I summarize the interesting scientific crossover, and discuss the potential use of NRSF/REST as a pharmaceutical target for controlling aging, particularly in relation to brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Mori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
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Nie J, Yu Z, Yao D, Wang F, Zhu C, Sun K, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. Litopenaeus vannamei sirtuin 6 homolog (LvSIRT6) is involved in immune response by modulating hemocytes ROS production and apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:271-284. [PMID: 31968265 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The histone deacetylase, sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), plays an essential role in the regulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and inflammation in mammals. However, the specific role of SIRT6 in invertebrate immunity has not been reported. Here, we characterized for the first time, a sirtuin 6 homolog in Litopenaeus vannamei (LvSIRT6), with full-length cDNA of 2919 bp and 1536 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 511 amino acids, which contains a typical SIR2 domain. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvSIRT6 shares a close evolutionary relationship with SIRT6 from invertebrates. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of LvSIRT6 transcripts revealed that they were ubiquitously expressed in shrimp and induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), suggesting the involvement of LvSIRT6 in shrimp immune response. Moreover, knockdown of LvSIRT6 decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased total ROS level in hemocytes, especially upon V. parahaemolyticus challenge. Depletion of LvSIRT6 also increased hemocytes apoptosis in terms of decreased expression of pro-survival LvBcl-2, but increased expression of pro-apoptotic LvBax and LvCytochrome C, coupled with high LvCaspase3/7 activity. Shrimp were rendered more susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus infection upon LvSIRT6 knockdown. Taken together, our present data suggest that LvSIRT6 plays an important role in shrimp immune response by modulating hemocytes ROS production and apoptosis during pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Nie
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhixue Yu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Kaihui Sun
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Gaál Z, Csernoch L. Impact of Sirtuin Enzymes on the Altered Metabolic Phenotype of Malignantly Transformed Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:45. [PMID: 32117717 PMCID: PMC7033489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins compose a unique collection of histone deacetylase enzymes that have a wide variety of enzymatic activities and regulate diverse cell functions such as cellular metabolism, longevity and energy homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis. Impaired sirtuin functions or alterations of their expression levels may result in several pathological conditions and contribute to the altered metabolic phenotype of malignantly transformed cells in a significant manner. In the twenty-first century, principles of personalized anticancer treatment need to involve not only the evaluation of changes of the genetic material, but also the mapping of epigenetic and metabolic alterations, to both of which the contribution of sirtuin enzymes is fundamental. Since sirtuins are central players in the maintenance of cellular energy and metabolic homeostasis, they are key elements in the development of metabolic transformation of cancer cells referred to as the Warburg effect. Although its most well-known features are enhanced glycolysis and excessive lactate production, Warburg effect has several aspects involving both carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, among which different tumor types have different preferences. Therefore, energy supply of cancer cells can be impaired by a growing number of antimetabolite agents, for which appropriate vectors are strongly needed. However, data are controversial about their tumor suppressor or oncogenic properties, the biological effects of sirtuin enzymes strongly depend on the tissue microenvironment (TME) in which they are expressed. Immune cells are regarded as key players of TME. Sirtuins regulate the survival, activation, metabolism, and mitochondrial function of these cells, therefore, they are not only single elements, but key regulators of the network that determines anticancer immunity. Altered metabolism of tumor cells induces changes in the gene expression pattern of cells in TME, due to altered concentrations of metabolite cofactors of epigenetic modifiers including sirtuins. In summary, epigenetic and metabolic alterations in malignant diseases are influenced by sirtuins in a significant manner, and should be treated in a personalized approach. Since they often develop in early stages of cancer, broad examination of these alterations is required at time of the diagnosis in order to provide a personalized combination of distinct therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gaál
- Institute-Clinic of Pediatrics, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Liu J, Chen S, Biswas S, Nagrani N, Chu Y, Chakrabarti S, Feng B. Glucose-induced oxidative stress and accelerated aging in endothelial cells are mediated by the depletion of mitochondrial SIRTs. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14331. [PMID: 32026628 PMCID: PMC7002531 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications cause significant morbidity and mortality. Dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), caused by oxidative stress, is a main mechanism of cellular damage. Oxidative stress accelerates EC senescence and DNA damage. In this study, we examined the role of mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRTs) in glucose-induced oxidative stress, EC senescence, and their regulation by miRNAs. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs) were exposed to 5 mmol/L (normoglycemia; NG) or 25 mmol/L glucose (hyperglycemia; HG) with or without transfection of miRNA antagomirs (miRNA-1, miRNA-19b, and miRNA-320; specific SIRT-targeting miRNAs). Expressions of SIRT3, 4 and 5 and their targeting miRNAs were examined using qRT-PCR and ELISAs were used to study SIRT proteins. Cellular senescence was investigated using senescence-associated β-gal stain; while, oxidative stress and mitochondrial alterations were examined using 8-OHdG staining and cytochrome B expressions, respectively. A streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model was also used and animal retinas and hearts were collected at 2 months of diabetes. In HRECs, HG downregulated the mRNAs of SIRTs, while SIRT-targeting miRNAs were upregulated. ELISA analyses confirmed such downregulation of SIRTs at the protein level. HG additionally caused early senescence, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and oxidative DNA damage in ECs. These changes were prevented by the transfection of specific miRNA antagomirs and by resveratrol. Retinal and cardiac tissues from diabetic mice also showed similar reductions of mitochondrial SIRTs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a novel mechanism in which mitochondrial SIRTs regulate glucose-induced cellular aging through oxidative stress and how these SIRTs are regulated by specific miRNAs. Identifying such mechanisms may lead to the discovery of novel treatments for diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
- Mudanjiang Medical UniversityHeilongjiangPR China
| | - Shali Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Saumik Biswas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Niharika Nagrani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Yanhui Chu
- Mudanjiang Medical UniversityHeilongjiangPR China
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Biao Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
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74
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Wang L, Qi H, Tang Y, Shen HM. Post-translational Modifications of Key Machinery in the Control of Mitophagy. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:58-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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75
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Abdul NS, Nagiah S, Anand K, Chuturgoon AA. Molecular docking and mechanisms of fusaric acid induced mitochondrial sirtuin aberrations in glycolytically and oxidatively poised human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Toxicon 2019; 173:48-56. [PMID: 31778683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA) is a ubiquitous yet neglected mycotoxin. The toxicity of FA is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are key mediators of cell stress responses through deacetylation of antioxidant, mitochondrial maintenance and energy metabolism proteins. Dietary bioactive compounds have profound effects on SIRT activity, however little is known regarding common foodborne toxins and SIRTs. In this study the interaction of FA with mitochondrial SIRTs - SIRT3 and SIRT5, were firstly studied by molecular docking. Thereafter we substantiated the in silico findings by investigating the effect of FA on expression profiles of SIRT3 and SIRT5, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators, PGC-1α and miRNA-30c using western blots and qPCR in vitro. FA was predicted to bind to the active site of SIRT3 and SIRT5 having implications for biological activity. Furthermore, protein expression of SIRT3 and SIRT5 was down-regulated despite elevated mRNA levels. Further experimentation revealed post-transcriptional regulation of both SIRTs as evidenced by elevated miRNA-30c despite induction of PGC-1α. This study highlights the potential of a diet contaminated with FA to dysregulate mitochondrial specific proteins that can lead to initiation and progression of sirtuin related diseases including cancer and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Sheik Abdul
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Krisnan Anand
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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76
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Tomková V, Sandoval-Acuña C, Torrealba N, Truksa J. Mitochondrial fragmentation, elevated mitochondrial superoxide and respiratory supercomplexes disassembly is connected with the tamoxifen-resistant phenotype of breast cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:510-521. [PMID: 31494243 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance remains a clinical obstacle in the treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer. It has been reported that tamoxifen is able to target respiratory complex I within mitochondria. Therefore, we established two tamoxifen-resistant cell lines, MCF7 Tam5R and T47D Tam5R resistant to 5 μM tamoxifen and investigated whether tamoxifen-resistant cells exhibit mitochondrial changes which could help them survive the treatment. The function of mitochondria in this experimental model was evaluated in detail by studying i) the composition and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes; ii) respiration and glycolytic status; iii) mitochondrial distribution, dynamics and reactive oxygen species production. We show that Tam5R cells exhibit a significant decrease in mitochondrial respiration, low abundance of assembled mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes, a more fragmented mitochondrial network connected with DRP1 Ser637 phosphorylation, higher glycolysis and sensitivity to 2-deoxyglucose. Tam5R cells also produce significantly higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide but at the same time increase their antioxidant defense (CAT, SOD2) through upregulation of SIRT3 and show phosphorylation of AMPK at Ser 485/491. Importantly, MCF7 ρ0 cells lacking functional mitochondria exhibit a markedly higher resistance to tamoxifen, supporting the role of mitochondria in tamoxifen resistance. We propose that reduced mitochondrial function and higher level of reactive oxygen species within mitochondria in concert with metabolic adaptations contribute to the phenotype of tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tomková
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Natalia Torrealba
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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77
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Heinonen T, Ciarlo E, Le Roy D, Roger T. Impact of the Dual Deletion of the Mitochondrial Sirtuins SIRT3 and SIRT5 on Anti-microbial Host Defenses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2341. [PMID: 31632409 PMCID: PMC6781768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins SIRT3 and SIRT5 are the main mitochondrial lysine deacetylase and desuccinylase, respectively. SIRT3 and SIRT5 regulate metabolism and redox homeostasis and have been involved in age-associated metabolic, neurologic and oncologic diseases. We have previously shown that single deficiency in either SIRT3 or SIRT5 had no impact on host defenses in a large panel of preclinical models of sepsis. However, SIRT3 and SIRT5 may compensate each other considering that they share subcellular location and targets. Here, we generated a SIRT3/5 double knockout mouse line. SIRT3/5 deficient mice multiplied and developed without abnormalities. Hematopoiesis and immune cell development were largely unaffected in SIRT3/5 deficient mice. Whole blood, macrophages and neutrophils from SIRT3/5 deficient mice displayed enhanced inflammatory and bactericidal responses. In agreement, SIRT3/5 deficient mice showed somewhat improved resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Overall, the double deficiency in SIRT3 and SIRT5 has rather subtle impacts on immune cell development and anti-microbial host defenses unseen in single deficient mice, indicating a certain degree of overlap between SIRT3 and SIRT5. These data support the assumption that therapies directed against mitochondrial sirtuins, at least SIRT3 and SIRT5, should not impair antibacterial host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti Heinonen
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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78
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Sun X, Wang S, Li Q. Comprehensive Analysis of Expression and Prognostic Value of Sirtuins in Ovarian Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:879. [PMID: 31572453 PMCID: PMC6754078 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) 1–7 are a family of intracellular enzymes, which possess nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase activity. Emerging evidence suggest that SIRTs play vital roles in tumorigenesis by regulating energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, genome stability, and other cancer-associated cellular processes. However, the distinct roles of the seven members in ovarian cancer (OC) remain elusive. The transcriptional expression patterns, prognostic values, and genetic alterations of seven SIRTs in OC patients were investigated in this study using a range of databases: Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Kaplan–Meier plotter, the Cancer Genome Atlas, and cBioPortal. The protein–protein interaction networks of SIRTs were assessed in the String database. Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were analyzed in Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The mRNA expression levels of SIRT1–4 and 7 were downregulated, while that of SIRT5 was upregulated and SIRT6 exhibited both expression dysregulation in patients with OC. Dysregulated SIRTs mRNA expression levels were associated with prognosis. Moreover, genetic alterations primarily occurred in SIRT2, 5, and 7. Network analysis indicated that SIRTs and their 20 interactors were associated with tumor-related pathways. This comprehensive bioinformatics analysis revealed that SIRT1–4, 6, and 7 may be new prognostic biomarkers, while SIRT5 is a potential target for accurate therapy for patients with OC, but further studies are needed to confirm this notion. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the distinct roles of SIRTs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Sun
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of 2nd Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Shouhan Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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79
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Madkour MI, T El-Serafi A, Jahrami HA, Sherif NM, Hassan RE, Awadallah S, Faris MAIE. Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting modulates SOD2, TFAM, Nrf2, and sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT3) gene expressions in subjects with overweight and obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 155:107801. [PMID: 31356832 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM A growing body of evidence supports the impact of intermittent fasting on normalizing body metabolism and lowering oxidative stress and inflammation. Mounting evidence confirms that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation trigger the way for the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the expression of cellular metabolism (SIRT1 and SIRT3) and antioxidant genes (TFAM, SOD2, and Nrf2). METHODS Fifty-six (34 males and 22 females) overweight and obese subjects and six healthy body weight controls were recruited and monitored before and after Ramadan. RESULTS Results showed that the relative gene expressions in obese subjects in comparison to counterpart expressions of controls for the antioxidant genes (TFAM, SOD2, and Nrf2) were significantly increased at the end of Ramadan, with percent increments of 90.5%, 54.1% and 411.5% for the three genes, respectively. However, the metabolism-controlling gene (SIRT3) showed a highly significant (P < 0.001) downregulation accompanied with a trend for reduction in SIRT1 gene at the end of Ramadan month, with percent decrements of 61.8% and 10.4%, respectively. Binary regression analysis revealed significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between high energy intake (>2000 Kcal/day vs. <2000 Kcal/day) and expressions of SOD2 and TFAM (r = 0.84 and r = 0.9, respectively). CONCLUSION Results suggest that RIF ameliorates the genetic expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory genes. Thus, RIF presumably may entail a protective impact against oxidative stress and its adverse metabolic-related derangements in non-diabetic obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed T El-Serafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates and Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Haitham A Jahrami
- Rehabilitation Services, Periphery Hospitals, Ministry of Health, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Naglaa M Sherif
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mo'ez Al-Islam E Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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80
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Han Y, Zhou S, Coetzee S, Chen A. SIRT4 and Its Roles in Energy and Redox Metabolism in Health, Disease and During Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1006. [PMID: 31447696 PMCID: PMC6695564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+-dependent SIRT4 has been reported to be a key regulator of metabolic enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms in mitochondria. It also plays an important role in regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in response to exercise. Recent studies have shown that SIRT4 is involved in a wide range of mitochondrial metabolic processes, including depressing insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, promoting lipid synthesis, regulating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, controlling apoptosis and regulating redox. SIRT4 also appears to have enzymatic functions involved in posttranslational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation, lysine deacetylation and lipoamidation. However, the effects on SIRT4 by metabolic diseases and changes in metabolic homeostasis such as during exercise, along with the roles of SIRT4 in the regulation of metabolism during disease, are not well understood. The main goal of this review is to critically analyse and summarise the current research evidence on the significance of the SIRT4 as a metabolic regulator and in mitochondrial function and its putative roles in relation to metabolic diseases and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Han
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonja Coetzee
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Anping Chen
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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81
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Identification of evolutionary and kinetic drivers of NAD-dependent signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15957-15966. [PMID: 31341085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902346116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) provides an important link between metabolism and signal transduction and has emerged as central hub between bioenergetics and all major cellular events. NAD-dependent signaling (e.g., by sirtuins and poly-adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose polymerases [PARPs]) consumes considerable amounts of NAD. To maintain physiological functions, NAD consumption and biosynthesis need to be carefully balanced. Using extensive phylogenetic analyses, mathematical modeling of NAD metabolism, and experimental verification, we show that the diversification of NAD-dependent signaling in vertebrates depended on 3 critical evolutionary events: 1) the transition of NAD biosynthesis to exclusive usage of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NamPT); 2) the occurrence of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which diverts nicotinamide (Nam) from recycling into NAD, preventing Nam accumulation and inhibition of NAD-dependent signaling reactions; and 3) structural adaptation of NamPT, providing an unusually high affinity toward Nam, necessary to maintain NAD levels. Our results reveal an unexpected coevolution and kinetic interplay between NNMT and NamPT that enables extensive NAD signaling. This has implications for therapeutic strategies of NAD supplementation and the use of NNMT or NamPT inhibitors in disease treatment.
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82
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Zhang R, Wang C, Tian Y, Yao Y, Mao J, Wang H, Li Z, Xu Y, Ye M, Wang L. SIRT5 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating Mitochondrial Apoptosis. J Cancer 2019; 10:3871-3882. [PMID: 31333804 PMCID: PMC6636294 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT5 belongs to a family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases called sirtuins. Although accumulating evidence indicates SIRT5 upregulation in cancers, including liver cancer, the detailed roles and mechanisms remain to be revealed. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, and finding effective targets for HCC treatment and prevention is urgently needed. In the present study, we confirmed that mitochondrial sirtuins, particularly SIRT5, are more highly expressed in HCC cell lines than in normal liver cell lines. Moreover, SIRT5 knockdown suppresses HCC cell proliferation and SIRT5 overexpression promotes HCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, we verified that SIRT5 knockdown increases HCC cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. By co-IP and western blotting, we illustrated that SIRT5 deacetylates cytochrome c thus regulating HCC cell apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that SIRT5 may function as a prognostic factor and drug target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixin Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chengye Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiakai Mao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zhenghan Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yakun Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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83
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Bunik VI. Redox-Driven Signaling: 2-Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes as Sensors and Transmitters of Metabolic Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1911-1947. [PMID: 30187773 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This article develops a holistic view on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes. Recent Advances: Catalytic and structural properties of the complexes and their components evolved to minimize damaging effects of side reactions, including ROS generation, simultaneously exploiting the reactions for homeostatic signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES Side reactions of the complexes, characterized in vitro, are analyzed in view of protein interactions and conditions in vivo. Quantitative data support prevalence of the forward 2-oxo acid oxidation over the backward NADH oxidation in feeding physiologically significant ROS production by the complexes. Special focus on interactions between the active sites within 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes highlights the central relevance of the complex-bound thiyl radicals in regulation of and signaling by complex-generated ROS. The thiyl radicals arise when dihydrolipoyl residues of the complexes regenerate FADH2 from the flavin semiquinone coproduced with superoxide anion radical in 1e- oxidation of FADH2 by molecular oxygen. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interaction of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with thioredoxins (TRXs), peroxiredoxins, and glutaredoxins mediates scavenging of the thiyl radicals and ROS generated by the complexes, underlying signaling of disproportional availability of 2-oxo acids, CoA, and NAD+ in key metabolic branch points through thiol/disulfide exchange and medically important hypoxia-inducible factor, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and sirtuins. High reactivity of the coproduced ROS and thiyl radicals to iron/sulfur clusters and nitric oxide, peroxynitrite reductase activity of peroxiredoxins and transnitrosylating function of thioredoxin, implicate the side reactions of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in nitric oxide-dependent signaling and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Bunik
- 1 Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,2 Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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84
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Soledad RB, Charles S, Samarjit D. The secret messages between mitochondria and nucleus in muscle cell biology. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 666:52-62. [PMID: 30935885 PMCID: PMC6538274 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over two thousand proteins are found in the mitochondrial compartment but the mitochondrial genome codes for only 13 proteins. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are products of nuclear genes and are synthesized in the cytosol, then translocated into the mitochondria. Most of the subunits of the five respiratory chain complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which generate a proton gradient across the membrane and produce ATP, are encoded by nuclear genes. Therefore, it is quite clear that import of nuclear-encoded proteins into the mitochondria is essential for mitochondrial function. Nuclear to mitochondrial communication is well studied. However, there is another arm to this communication, mitochondria to nucleus retrograde signaling. This plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and is less well studied. Several transcription factors, including Sp1, SIRT3 and GSP2, are activated by altered mitochondrial function. These activated transcription factors then translocate to the nucleus. Based on the mitochondrially generated molecular signal, nuclear genes are targeted, which alters transcription of nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial proteins. This review article will mainly focus on this interactive and bi-directional communication between mitochondria and nucleus, and how this communication plays a significant role in muscle cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steenbergen Charles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Das Samarjit
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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85
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Ma Y, Qi Y, Wang L, Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Zheng J. SIRT5-mediated SDHA desuccinylation promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:458-467. [PMID: 30703481 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a prominent feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Protein succinylation influences cell metabolism, but its effects on ccRCC tumorigenesis remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the lysine succinylome of ccRCC tissues by using tandem mass tag labeling, affinity enrichment, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and integrated bioinformatics analyses. Proteins involved in metabolic process, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidation-reduction and transport processes were subject to succinylation. A total of 135 sites in 102 proteins were differentially succinylated between ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues. Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), which is involved in both the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, was desuccinylated at lysine 547 in ccRCC. SDHA desuccinylation by mimetic mutation (K547R) suppressed its activity through the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase 5 (SDH5) binding, further promoted ccRCC cell proliferation. The desuccinylase sirtuin5 (SIRT5) was found to interact with SDHA, and SIRT5 silencing led to the hypersuccinylation and reactivation of SDHA. SIRT5 was also found to be upregulated in ccRCC tissues, and its silencing inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation. This indicates that SIRT5 promotes ccRCC tumorigenesis through inhibiting SDHA succinylation. This is the first quantitative study of lysine succinylome in ccRCC, through which we identified succinylation in core enzymes as a novel mechanism regulating various ccRCC metabolic pathways. These results expand our understanding about the mechanisms of ccRCC tumorigenesis and highlight succinylation as a novel therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxu Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junfang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on China-UK Cancer Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
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86
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Berberine Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats via Activation of SIRT3/AMPK/ACC Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:37-43. [PMID: 30868489 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-1997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effects of berberine (BBR) on the fat metabolism proteins involved in the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) pathway in the liver tissues of rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into the normal control (NC) group, HFD group or BBR group, with 16 rats in each group. After 8 and 16 weeks of treatment, serum and liver samples were collected. Subsequently, body parameters, biochemical parameters and liver pathology were examined. The expression levels of proteins involved in the SIRT3/AMPK/ACC pathway in the liver were detected by Western blotting. After 8 and 16 weeks of a HFD, the successful establishment of rat models with different degrees of NAFLD was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining. NAFLD rat models exhibited obesity and hyperlipidemia, and the protein expression levels of SIRT3, p-AMPK, p-ACC, and CPT-1A in the liver were significantly decreased compared to those in the NC group. The concurrent administration of BBR with the HFD effectively improved serum and liver lipid profiles and ameliorated liver injury. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of SIRT3, p-AMPK, p-ACC, and CPT-1A in the liver were significantly increased in the BBR group as compared with those in the HFD group. In conclusion, our data suggest that the mechanism by which BBR ameliorates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis may be related to the activation of the SIRT3/AMPK/ACC pathway in the liver.
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87
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Mashimo M, Moss J. ADP-Ribosyl-Acceptor Hydrolase Activities Catalyzed by the ARH Family of Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1813:187-204. [PMID: 30097868 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8588-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The ARH family of ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolases is composed of three 39-kDa proteins (ARH1, 2, and 3), which hydrolyze specific ADP-ribosylated substrates. ARH1 hydrolyzes mono(ADP-ribosyl)ated arginine, which results from actions of cholera toxin and other nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+):arginine ADP-ribosyl-transferases, while ARH3 hydrolyzes poly(ADP-ribose) and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, resulting from the action of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and sirtuins, respectively. ARH2 has not been reported to have enzymatic activity, because of differences in the catalytic domain. Thus, the substrate specificities of ARH1 and ARH3 proteins result in unique cellular functions. In this chapter, we introduce several methods to monitor the activities of the ARH family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mashimo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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88
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Zhang C, Zhang QZ, Zhang K, Li LY, Pluth MD, Yi L, Xi Z. Dual-biomarker-triggered fluorescence probes for differentiating cancer cells and revealing synergistic antioxidant effects under oxidative stress. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1945-1952. [PMID: 30931093 PMCID: PMC6399676 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and human NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (hNQO1) are potential cancer biomarkers and also vital participants in cellular redox homeostasis. Simultaneous detection of these two biomarkers would benefit the diagnostic precision of related cancers and could also help to investigate their crosstalk in response to oxidative stress. Despite this importance, fluorescent probes that can be activated by the dual action of H2S detection and hNQO1 activity have not been investigated. To this end, dual-biomarker-triggered fluorescent probes 1 and 2 were rationally constructed by installing two chemoselective triggering groups into one fluorophore. Probe 1 provides a small turn-on fluorescence response toward H2S but a much larger response to both H2S and hNQO1 in tandem. By contrast, fluorescence probe 2 is activated only in the presence of both H2S and hNQO1. Probe 2 exhibits a large fluorescence turn-on (>400 fold), high sensitivity, excellent selectivity as well as good biocompatibility, enabling the detection of both endogenous H2S and hNQO1 activity in living cells. Bioimaging results indicated that probe 2 could differentiate HT29 and HepG2 cancer cells from HCT116, FHC and HeLa cells owing to the existence of relatively high endogenous levels of both biomarkers. Expanded investigations using 2 revealed that cells could generate more endogenous H2S and hNQO1 upon exposure to exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), implying the synergistic antioxidant effects under conditions of cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) , 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District , Beijing 100029 , China .
| | - Qiang-Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Materials Science Institute , Institute of Molecular Biology , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR 97403 , USA
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) , 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District , Beijing 100029 , China .
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin) , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Nankai University , China .
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89
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Zhao B, Sun LK, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Kang J, Meng H, Li H, Su J. Genipin protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the UCP2-SIRT3 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 845:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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90
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Fourny N, Lan C, Sérée E, Bernard M, Desrois M. Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Enhanced High Energy Compounds and eNOS-SIRT1 Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Female Rat Heart. Nutrients 2019; 11:E105. [PMID: 30621358 PMCID: PMC6356423 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic women have a high risk of mortality via myocardial infarction even with anti-diabetic treatments. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol, well-known for its antioxidant property, which has also shown interesting positive effects on mitochondrial function. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential protective effect of 1 mg/kg/day of RSV on high energy compounds, during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in type 2 diabetic female Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. For this purpose, we used 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in isolated perfused heart experiments, with a simultaneous measurement of myocardial function and coronary flow. RSV enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) contents in type 2 diabetic hearts during reperfusion, in combination with better functional recovery. Complementary biochemical analyses showed that RSV increased creatine, total adenine nucleotide heart contents and citrate synthase activity, which could be involved in better mitochondrial functioning. Moreover, improved coronary flow during reperfusion by RSV was associated with increased eNOS, SIRT1, and P-Akt protein expression in GK rat hearts. In conclusion, RSV induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetic female rats via increased high energy compound contents and expression of protein involved in NO pathway. Thus, RSV presents high potential to protect the heart of type 2 diabetic women from myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Fourny
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Carole Lan
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Eric Sérée
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Martine Desrois
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, CEDEX 05, France.
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91
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AL-barakati HJ, Saigo H, Newman RH, KC DB. RF-GlutarySite: a random forest based predictor for glutarylation sites. Mol Omics 2019; 15:189-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutarylation, which is a newly identified posttranslational modification that occurs on lysine residues, has recently emerged as an important regulator of several metabolic and mitochondrial processes. Here, we describe the development of RF-GlutarySite, a random forest-based predictor designed to predict glutarylation sites based on protein primary amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam J. AL-barakati
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering
- North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University
- Greensboro
- USA
| | - Hiroto Saigo
- Department of Informatics
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Robert H. Newman
- Department of Biology
- North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University
- Greensboro
- USA
| | - Dukka B. KC
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering
- North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University
- Greensboro
- USA
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92
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Wu J, Zeng Z, Zhang W, Deng Z, Wan Y, Zhang Y, An S, Huang Q, Chen Z. Emerging role of SIRT3 in mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Res 2018; 53:139-149. [PMID: 30458637 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1549732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent protein deacetylase, SIRT3 is highly expressed in tissues with high metabolic turnover and mitochondrial content. It has been demonstrated that SIRT3 plays a critical role in maintaining normal mitochondrial biological function through reversible protein lysine deacetylation. SIRT3 has a variety of substrates that are involved in mitochondrial biological processes such as energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production and clearance, electron transport chain flux, mitochondrial membrane potential maintenance, and mitochondrial dynamics. In the suppression of SIRT3, functional deficiencies of mitochondria contribute to the development of various cardiovascular disorders. Activation of SIRT3 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the improvement of mitochondrial function and the treatment of relevant cardiovascular disorders. In the current review, we discuss the emerging roles of SIRT3 in mitochondrial derangements and subsequent cardiovascular malfunctions, including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weijin Zhang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhiya Deng
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yahui Wan
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sheng An
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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93
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Chen X, Chen Y, Huang HM, Li HD, Bu FT, Pan XY, Yang Y, Li WX, Li XF, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. SUN2: A potential therapeutic target in cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1401-1408. [PMID: 30675193 PMCID: PMC6341589 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing at an alarming rate despite recent advances in prevention strategies, diagnostics and therapeutics for various types of cancer. The identification of novel biomarkers to aid in prognosis and treatment for cancer is urgently required. Uncontrolled proliferation and dysregulated apoptosis are characteristics exhibited by cancer cells in the initiation of various types of cancer. Notably, aberrant expression of crucial oncogenes or cancer suppressors is a defining event in cancer occurrence. Research has demonstrated that SAD1/UNC84 domain protein-2 (SUN2) serves a suppressive role in breast cancer, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors and lung cancer progression. Furthermore, SUN2 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, migration and promotes apoptosis. Recent reports have also shown that SUN2 serves prominent roles in resistance to the excessive DNA damage that destabilizes the genome and promotes cancer development, and these functions of SUN2 are critical for evading initiation of cancer. Additionally, increasing evidence has demonstrated that SUN2 is involved in maintaining cell nuclear structure and appears to be a central component for organizing the natural nuclear architecture in cancer cells. The focus of the present review is to provide an overview on the pharmacological functions of SUN2 in cancers. These findings suggest that SUN2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target and novel predictive marker in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Tian Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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94
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Yu B, Ma L, Jin J, Jiang F, Zhou G, Yan K, Liu Y. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by a thiourea gold(i) complex: mitochondrial permeability transition and respiratory deficit. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1081-1090. [PMID: 30542602 PMCID: PMC6240812 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold(i) complexes have been widely used as antibacterial and antitumor agents because of their excellent biological activities. However, there are few reports on the study of gold(i) complexes at the subcellular level. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of a gold(i) complex (N,N'-disubstituted cyclic thiourea ligand) - AuTuCl - to isolated mitochondria via various methods. The results showed that AuTuCl induced mitochondrial swelling, elevated ROS generation and triggered collapse of the membrane potential, which indicated the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). It also enhanced the permeability of H+ and K+ of the inner membrane and declined membrane fluidity, which might be the result of MPT. Moreover, AuTuCl impaired the mitochondrial respiratory chain and suppressed the activities of complexes II and IV in the respiratory chain. It also triggered the deficiency of ATP and the effusion of Cyt c, which were strictly related to respiration and apoptosis. These results indicated that AuTuCl severely affected the structure and function of mitochondria. It was proposed that MPT and impairment of the respiratory chain were responsible for the mitotoxicity of AuTuCl, thus causing energy deficiency and even apoptosis. This conceivable mechanism can serve as a clue for better understanding of the toxicology of AuTuCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Jiancheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Fenglei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Gangcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Kun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences , Guangxi Teachers Education University , Nanning 530001 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , P. R. China
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95
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Luo K, Huang W, Tang S. Sirt3 enhances glioma cell viability by stabilizing Ku70-BAX interaction. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7559-7567. [PMID: 30464504 PMCID: PMC6214584 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most prevalent malignancies, glioma is characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Glioma patients may show completely distinct clinical outcomes due to their different molecular patterns. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) participates in aging, stress resistance, and metabolic regulation. Here we aimed to test the expression and function of Sirt3 in glioma. Methods We enrolled 114 patients and tested the protein level of Sirt3 in their glioma tissues. The correlation between prognosis and Sirt3 was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. We also conducted cellular experiments in U87 and U251 glioma cells, including overexpression and knockdown assays. Results Sirt3 expression was lower in glioma tissues than normal brain tissues. Higher Sirt3 is significantly correlated to advanced tumor grade (P=0.004), showing its potential role in cancer progression. Consistently, univariate and multivariate analyses identified Sirt3 as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.017). Patients with higher Sirt3 expression showed significantly shorter overall survival time. Moreover, overexpression of Sirt3 in either cell line enhanced cell viability, while silencing Sirt3 attenuated cell growth. Molecular assays showed Sirt3 can deacetylate Ku70 protein, therefore stabilizing the Ku70-BAX interaction. Since Ku70 can help prevent BAX transporting into mitochondria and decrease cell apoptosis, Sirt3 protein may play roles in maintaining cell viability. In addition, silencing Ku70 inhibited the pro-proliferative effect by Sirt3. Conclusion Taken together, our results not only identified the prognostic role of Sirt3 in glioma patients but also provided signaling pathway evidence for its functioning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China,
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China,
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China,
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96
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Qi H, Shi X, Yu M, Liu B, Liu M, Song S, Chen S, Zou J, Zhu WG, Luo J. Sirtuin 7-mediated deacetylation of WD repeat domain 77 (WDR77) suppresses cancer cell growth by reducing WDR77/PRMT5 transmethylase complex activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17769-17779. [PMID: 30282801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone transmethylase complex comprising WD repeat domain 77 (WDR77) and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes dimethylation of H4R3 (H4R3me2) and drives cancer cell proliferation and migration, but its regulation is not fully understood. Here, we report that sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) directly deacetylates WDR77 and that this deacetylation interferes with the WDR77-PRMT5 interaction and suppresses proliferation of human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Using co-expression in HEK293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we observed that SIRT7 deacetylates WDR77 at Lys-3 and Lys-243, which reduced of WDR77's interaction with PRMT5. More importantly, this reduction suppressed the transmethylase activity of the WDR77/PRMT5 complex, resulting in a reduction of the H4R3me2 modification. Rescue of the WDR77-KO HCT116 cells with a WDR77-2KR (K3R and K243R) variant yielded cell migration and proliferation rates that were significantly lower than those of WDR77-KO HCT116 cells rescued with WT WDR77. In summary, SIRT7 is a major deacetylase for WDR77, and SIRT7-mediated deacetylation of WDR77 at Lys-3 and Lys-243 weakens the WDR77-PRMT5 interaction and activity and thereby suppresses growth of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan
| | - Miao Yu
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Boya Liu
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Minghui Liu
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Shi Song
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Shuaiyi Chen
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Junhua Zou
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191.
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97
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Chen L, Wang H, Gao F, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Ma R, Pang S, Cui Y, Yang J, Yan B. Functional genetic variants in the SIRT5 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction. Gene 2018; 675:233-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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98
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MiR-299-3p functions as a tumor suppressor via targeting Sirtuin 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:966-975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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99
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Chen Y, Luo HQ, Sun LL, Xu MT, Yu J, Liu LL, Zhang JY, Wang YQ, Wang HX, Bao XF, Meng GL. Dihydromyricetin Attenuates Myocardial Hypertrophy Induced by Transverse Aortic Constriction via Oxidative Stress Inhibition and SIRT3 Pathway Enhancement. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2592. [PMID: 30200365 PMCID: PMC6164359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DMY), one of the flavonoids in vine tea, exerts several pharmacological actions. However, it is not clear whether DMY has a protective effect on pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy. In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice aging 8⁻10 weeks were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery after 2 weeks of DMY (250 mg/kg/day) intragastric administration. DMY was given for another 2 weeks after surgery. Blood pressure, myocardial structure, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, cardiac function, and cardiac index were observed. The level of oxidative stress in the myocardium was assessed with dihydroethidium staining. Our results showed that DMY had no significant effect on the blood pressure. DMY decreased inter ventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall thickness, relative wall thickness, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas, as well as cardiac index after TAC. DMY pretreatment also significantly reduced arterial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA and protein expressions, decreased reactive oxygen species production and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), expression of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), forkhead-box-protein 3a (FOXO3a) and SOD2, and SIRT3 activity in the myocardium of mice after TAC. Taken together, DMY ameliorated TAC induced myocardial hypertrophy in mice related to oxidative stress inhibition and SIRT3 pathway enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Hui-Qin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Meng-Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Jing-Yao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yu-Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Guo-Liang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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100
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He X, Zeng H, Roman RJ, Chen JX. Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases alters cell metabolism and reverses pre-existing diastolic dysfunction in mice. Int J Cardiol 2018; 272:281-287. [PMID: 30177233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diastolic dysfunction is emerging as a leading cause of heart failure in aging population. Induction of hypoxia tolerance and reprogrammed cell metabolism have emerged as novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we showed that deletion of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) resulted in a diastolic dysfunction together with a significant increase in the expression of prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) 1 and 2. We further investigated the involvement of PHD in the development of diastolic dysfunction by treating the 12-14 months old mice with a PHD inhibitor, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) for 2 weeks. DMOG treatment increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in the endothelium of coronary arteries. This was accompanied by a significant improvement of coronary flow reserve and diastolic function. Inhibition of PHD altered endothelial metabolism by increasing glycolysis and reducing oxygen consumption. Most importantly, treatment with DMOG completely reversed the pre-existing diastolic dysfunction in the endothelial-specific SIRT3 deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of PHD and reprogrammed cell metabolism can reverse the pre-existed diastolic dysfunction in SIRT3 deficient mice. Our study provides a potential therapeutic strategy of induction of hypoxia tolerance for patients with diastolic dysfunction associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction, especially in the aging population with reduced SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Heng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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