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Fibrosis: Types, Effects, Markers, Mechanisms for Disease Progression, and Its Relation with Oxidative Stress, Immunity, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044004. [PMID: 36835428 PMCID: PMC9963026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most chronic inflammatory illnesses include fibrosis as a pathogenic characteristic. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components build up in excess to cause fibrosis or scarring. The fibrotic process finally results in organ malfunction and death if it is severely progressive. Fibrosis affects nearly all tissues of the body. The fibrosis process is associated with chronic inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling, where the balance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems appears to be a key modulator in managing these processes. Virtually every organ system, including the lungs, heart, kidney, and liver, can be affected by fibrosis, which is characterized as an excessive accumulation of connective tissue components. Organ malfunction is frequently caused by fibrotic tissue remodeling, which is also frequently linked to high morbidity and mortality. Up to 45% of all fatalities in the industrialized world are caused by fibrosis, which can damage any organ. Long believed to be persistently progressing and irreversible, fibrosis has now been revealed to be a very dynamic process by preclinical models and clinical studies in a variety of organ systems. The pathways from tissue damage to inflammation, fibrosis, and/or malfunction are the main topics of this review. Furthermore, the fibrosis of different organs with their effects was discussed. Finally, we highlight many of the principal mechanisms of fibrosis. These pathways could be considered as promising targets for the development of potential therapies for a variety of important human diseases.
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Andrade A, D’Oliveira A, De Souza LC, Bastos ACRDF, Dominski FH, Stabile L, Buonanno G. Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3506. [PMID: 36834200 PMCID: PMC9960154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants present environmental threats to health and have been investigated in different environments, such as highways, squares, parks, and gyms. These environments are frequented by older adults, who are considered fragile to the harmful impacts of pollution present in the air. The aim was to analyze the state of the art on the effects of air pollution on the health of older adults during physical activities (PAs) through a mapping review. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cinahl databases until June 2022. Of the 10,109 studies initially identified, 58 met the inclusion criteria. The most investigated health outcome was cardiovascular disease, followed by respiratory outcomes. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were the most investigated pollutants. Of the 75 health outcomes investigated, in 29, air pollution had harmful effects on the health of the older adults during the practice of PA, more frequently in cardiovascular diseases. In 25 outcomes, the beneficial effects of PA to the health of the older adults remained, despite exposure to high and low concentrations of pollutants, most often in terms of mental disorders. We conclude that poor air quality is a harmful factor for the health of older adults during the practice of PAs, more frequently in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. On the other hand, for mental-health-related outcomes (depression and cognition), in most studies, the beneficial effects of PA in older adults were maintained, even after exposure to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Andrade
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | - Anderson D’Oliveira
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | - Loiane Cristina De Souza
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Hech Dominski
- Department of Physical Education, Univille University, Joinville 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Luca Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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Xanthopoulos A, Skoularigis J, Triposkiadis F. The Neurohormonal Overactivity Syndrome in Heart Failure. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13010250. [PMID: 36676199 PMCID: PMC9864042 DOI: 10.3390/life13010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is categorized arbitrarily based on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in HF with reduced (HFrEF; LVEF < 40%), mildly reduced (HFmrEF; LVEF 40−49%), or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; LVEF ≥ 50%). In this opinion paper, based on (patho)physiological considerations, we contend that the neurohormonal overactivity syndrome (NOHS), which is present in all symptomatic HF patients irrespective of their LVEF, not only contributes to the development of signs and symptoms but it is also a major determinant of patients’ outcomes. In this regard, NHOS is the only currently available treatment target in HF and should be combatted in most patients with the combined use of diuretics and neurohormonal inhibitors (β-blockers, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors). Unfortunately, despite the advances in therapeutics, HF mortality remains high. Probably machine learning approaches could better assess the multiple and higher-dimension interactions leading to the HF syndrome and define clusters of HF treatment efficacy.
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Vilela de Sousa T, Cavalcante AMRZ, Lima NX, Souza JS, Sousa ALL, Brasil VV, Vieira FVM, Guimarães JV, de Matos MA, Silveira EA, Pagotto V. Cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly: a 10-year follow-up survival analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023; 22:43-52. [PMID: 35574942 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular risk factors present a high prevalence and have an impact on the morbimortality of the elderly; however, studies evaluating the impact of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly have had short follow-up times and have not allowed specific analyses of the effects of these factors in the aged population, including how they affect the survival of the elderly. This study aimed to analyse the survival of elderly individuals living in the community, considering the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective 10-year follow-up was initiated in 2008 with a cohort of 418 elderly people living in a community in Central Brazil. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine the association between survival and cardiovascular risk factors. The mean age of the participants was 70.6 (±7.1) years; most participants were hypertensive (81.6%) and participated in irregular physical activity (44%), and 43.3% smoked. After a mean follow-up of 8.38 (±2.82) years, 59.3% had survived and 34.1% had died; among the deaths, 14.1% were due to cardiovascular causes. Age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.067, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.027-1.109], hypertension (HR 3.178, 95% CI 1.144-8.826), and smoking (HR 2.235, 95% CI 1.253-3.987) were confirmed as risk factors for reduced survival, whereas physical activity was a protective factor (HR 0.456, 95% CI 0.206-1.007). CONCLUSION The results from this study highlight the need for educational policies towards hypertension and smoking prevention among elderly people, and participation in physical activity needs to be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Vilela de Sousa
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer Cavalcante
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Nathália Xavier Lima
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Siqueira Souza
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Lima Sousa
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Virginia Visconde Brasil
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Vely Mendonça Vieira
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Janaína Valadares Guimarães
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Marcos André de Matos
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- 2 College of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pagotto
- 1 College of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Goias, 227 Street, Viela Q. 68, S/N - Sector Leste Universitario, Goiania, GO 74605-080, Brazil
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Itakura Y, Hasegawa Y, Kikkawa Y, Murakami Y, Sugiura K, Nagai-Okatani C, Sasaki N, Umemura M, Takahashi Y, Kimura T, Kuno A, Ishiwata T, Toyoda M. Spatiotemporal changes of tissue glycans depending on localization in cardiac aging. Regen Ther 2023; 22:68-78. [PMID: 36712959 PMCID: PMC9841240 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is caused by various factors, making the underlying pathogenic mechanisms difficult to identify. Since cardiovascular disease tends to worsen over time, early diagnosis is key for treatment. In addition, understanding the qualitative changes in the heart associated with aging, where information on the direct influences of aging on cardiovascular disease is limited, would also be useful for treatment and diagnosis. To fill these research gaps, the focus of our study was to detect the structural and functional molecular changes associated with the heart over time, with a focus on glycans, which reflect the type and state of cells. METHODS We investigated glycan localization in the cardiac tissue of normal mice and their alterations during aging, using evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted lectin microarray, a technique based on lectin-glycan interaction, and lectin staining. RESULTS The glycan profiles in the left ventricle showed differences between the luminal side (medial) and wall side (lateral) regions. The medial region was characterized by the presence of sialic acid residues. Moreover, age-related changes in glycan profiles were observed at a younger age in the medial region. The difference in the age-related decrease in the level of α-galactose stained with Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-IB4 in different regions of the left ventricle suggests spatiotemporal changes in the number of microvessels. CONCLUSIONS The glycan profile, which retains diverse glycan structures, is supported by many cell populations, and maintains cardiac function. With further research, glycan localization and changes have the potential to be developed as a marker of the signs of heart failure.
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Key Words
- ACG, Agrocybe cylindracea galectin
- Aging
- BPL, Bauhinia purpurea alba lectin
- Calsepa, Calystegia sepium agglutinin
- Cardiac tissue
- ConA, Canavalia ensiformis lectin
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DBA, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin
- ECA, Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin
- ECM, extracellular matrices
- EMT, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GSL-I, Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I
- Gal, galactose
- GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine
- GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine
- Glycan profile
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- LEL, Lycopersicon esculentum lectin
- LTL, Lotus tetragonolobus lectin
- Lectin microarray
- MAH, Maackia amurensis hemagglutinin
- MAL-I, Maackia amurensis lectin I
- Man, mannose
- Microvessels
- NPA, Narcissus pseudonarcissus agglutinin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PHA-L, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin
- PNA, Arachis hypogaea agglutinin
- RCA120, Ricinus communis agglutinin I
- SBA, Glycine max agglutinin
- SNA, Sambucus nigra agglutinin
- SSA, Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin
- STL, Solanum tuberosum lectin
- TJA-I, Trichosanthes japonica agglutinin I
- UDA, Urtica dioica
- VVA, Vicia villosa agglutinin
- WFA, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin
- WGA, Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (wheat germ agglutinin)
- α-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Itakura
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hasegawa
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yurika Kikkawa
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuina Murakami
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan,Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sugiura
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nagai-Okatani
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 5 Central, Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Mariko Umemura
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tohru Kimura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 5 Central, Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan,Corresponding author.
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Booth LK, Redgrave RE, Tual-Chalot S, Spyridopoulos I, Phillips HM, Richardson GD. Heart Disease and Ageing: The Roles of Senescence, Mitochondria, and Telomerase in Cardiovascular Disease. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:45-78. [PMID: 37120464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
During ageing molecular damage leads to the accumulation of several hallmarks of ageing including mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, genetic instability and chronic inflammation, which contribute to the development and progression of ageing-associated diseases including cardiovascular disease. Consequently, understanding how these hallmarks of biological ageing interact with the cardiovascular system and each other is fundamental to the pursuit of improving cardiovascular health globally. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of how candidate hallmarks contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and subsequent myocardial infarction, and age-related heart failure. Further, we consider the evidence that, even in the absence of chronological age, acute cellular stress leading to accelerated biological ageing expedites cardiovascular dysfunction and impacts on cardiovascular health. Finally, we consider the opportunities that modulating hallmarks of ageing offer for the development of novel cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Booth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachael E Redgrave
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen M Phillips
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin D Richardson
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Varghese LN, Schwenke DO, Katare R. Role of noncoding RNAs in cardiac ageing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1142575. [PMID: 37034355 PMCID: PMC10073704 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is estimated to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, of which 2.1 billion will comprise individuals above 60 years of age. As the number of elderly is estimated to double from 2017, it is a victory of the modern healthcare system but also worrisome as ageing, and the onset of chronic disease are correlated. Among other chronic conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the aged population. While the underlying cause of the age-associated development of CVDs is not fully understood, studies indicate the role of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lnc-RNAs) in the development of age-associated CVDs. miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are non-coding RNAs which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The expression of specific miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are reportedly dysregulated with age, leading to cardiovascular system changes and ultimately causing CVDs. Since miRNAs and lnc-RNAs play several vital roles in maintaining the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, they are also being explored for their therapeutic potential as a treatment for CVDs. This review will first explore the pathophysiological changes associated with ageing. Next, we will review the known mechanisms underlying the development of CVD in ageing with a specific focus on miRNA and lnc-RNAs. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic options and future challenges towards healthy cardiac ageing. With the global ageing population on the rise, this review will provide a fundamental understanding of some of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac ageing.
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The Aging Heart: A Molecular and Clinical Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416033. [PMID: 36555671 PMCID: PMC9783309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increasing burden of morbidity, especially for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). General cardiovascular risk factors, ischemic heart diseases, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies present a significant prevalence in older people, and are characterized by peculiar clinical manifestations that have distinct features compared with the same conditions in a younger population. Remarkably, the aging heart phenotype in both healthy individuals and patients with CVD reflects modifications at the cellular level. An improvement in the knowledge of the physiological and pathological molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac aging could improve clinical management of older patients and offer new therapeutic targets.
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Improving service efficiency and throughput of cardiac surgery patients using Monte Carlo simulation: a queueing setting. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21217. [PMID: 36481779 PMCID: PMC9731950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bed occupancy rate (BOR) is important for healthcare policymakers. Studies showed the necessity of using simulation approach when encountering complex real-world problems to plan the optimal use of resources and improve the quality of services. So, the aim of the present study is to estimate average length of stay (LOS), BOR, bed blocking probability (BBP), and throughput of patients in a cardiac surgery department (CSD) using simulation models. We studied the behavior of a CSD as a complex queueing system at the Farshchian Hospital. In the queueing model, customers were patients and servers were beds in intensive care unit (ICU) and post-operative ward (POW). A computer program based on the Monte Carlo simulation, using Python software, was developed to evaluate the behavior of the system under different number of beds in ICU and POW. The queueing simulation study showed that, for a fixed number of beds in ICU, BOR in POW decreases as the number of beds in POW increases and LOS in ICU increases as the number of beds in POW decreases. Also, based on the available data, the throughput of patients in the CSD during 800 days was 1999 patients. Whereas, the simulation results showed that, 2839 patients can be operated in the same period. The results of the simulation study clearly demonstrated the behavior of the CSD; so, it must be mentioned, hospital administrators should design an efficient plan to increase BOR and throughput of patients in the future.
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Izzy M, Fortune BE, Serper M, Bhave N, deLemos A, Gallegos-Orozco JF, Guerrero-Miranda C, Hall S, Harinstein ME, Karas MG, Kriss M, Lim N, Palardy M, Sawinski D, Schonfeld E, Seetharam A, Sharma P, Tallaj J, Dadhania DM, VanWagner LB. Management of cardiac diseases in liver transplant recipients: Comprehensive review and multidisciplinary practice-based recommendations. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2740-2758. [PMID: 35359027 PMCID: PMC9522925 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation (LT). Prior studies have shown that cardiac diseases affect close to one-third of liver transplant recipients (LTRs) long term and that their incidence has been on the rise. This rise is expected to continue as more patients with advanced age and/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis undergo LT. In view of the increasing disease burden, a multidisciplinary initiative was developed to critically review the existing literature (between January 1, 1990 and March 17, 2021) surrounding epidemiology, risk assessment, and risk mitigation of coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and valvular heart disease and formulate practice-based recommendations accordingly. In this review, the expert panel emphasizes the importance of optimizing management of metabolic syndrome and its components in LTRs and highlights the cardioprotective potential for the newer diabetes medications (e.g., sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors) in this high-risk population. Tailoring the multidisciplinary management of cardiac diseases in LTRs to the cardiometabolic risk profile of the individual patient is critical. The review also outlines numerous knowledge gaps to pave the road for future research in this sphere with the ultimate goal of improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhal Izzy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brett E Fortune
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew deLemos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah School, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cesar Guerrero-Miranda
- Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shelley Hall
- Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Harinstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria G. Karas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kriss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maryse Palardy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deirdre Sawinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Schonfeld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil Seetharam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pratima Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose Tallaj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Darshana M Dadhania
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa B. VanWagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, and Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yuan X, Huang B, Wang R, Tie H, Luo S. The prognostic value of advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) in elderly patients with heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:934551. [PMID: 36440019 PMCID: PMC9697177 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.934551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) is a novel inflammatory and nutritional index that exerts prognostic value in various types of cancer. A previous study demonstrated that ALI at discharge could predict the prognosis in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). However, the long-term prognostic value of ALI on admission in elderly heart failure (HF) inpatients remains unclear. Materials and methods We retrospectively collected HF inpatients over 65-year-old who were hospitalized in our cardiology center during the whole year of 2015. ALI was calculated as body mass index (BMI) × serum albumin (Alb)/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Patients were divided into two groups by the optimal cutoff value of ALI for predicting all-cause mortality using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was computed to evaluate the correlation between ALI and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox survival analyses, time-dependent ROC analyses, and net reclassification improvement (NRI) analyses were used to assess the prognostic effect of ALI on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Results Over a 28-month median follow-up, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality occurred in 192 (35.4%) and 132 (24.3%) out of 543 patients, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of ALI for predicting all-cause mortality at 2 years was 25.8. Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed a moderate positive linear correlation between ALI and GNRI (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative incidences of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were significantly higher in patients with lower ALI (log-rank test, all-cause mortality: p < 0.0001; cardiovascular mortality: p < 0.0001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses indicated that ALI was an independent predictor for both all-cause mortality (HR 0.550, 95% CI 0.349–0.867, p = 0.01) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.536, 95% CI 0.302–0.953, p = 0.034). Time-dependent ROC analyses showed that ALI was comparable to GNRI in predicting long-term all-cause mortality (AUC: ALI 0.625, GNRI 0.641, p = 0.976) and cardiovascular mortality (AUC: ALI 0.632, GNRI 0.626, p = 0.999) at 2 years. However, the estimated NRI indicated that the addition of ALI could not significantly improve risk stratification of base models for all-cause mortality (categorical NRI 4.9%, p = 0.433, continuous NRI 25%, p = 0.022) or cardiovascular mortality (categorical NRI 6.5%, p = 0.223, continuous NRI 27.5%, p = 0.029). Conclusion Higher ALI was significantly associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in elderly HF patients. ALI on admission could be a competent nutrition-inflammation marker with independent predictive value for evaluating the long-term mortality of HF in elder population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiyu Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongtao Tie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Suxin Luo,
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The selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 improves isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte senescence. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 937:175364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Endogenous Vasoactive Peptides and Vascular Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1534470. [PMID: 36225176 PMCID: PMC9550461 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1534470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a specific type of organic aging that plays a central role in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among the elderly. It is essential to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay age-related vascular pathologies by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes. Endogenous vasoactive peptides are compounds formed by a group of amino acids connected by peptide chains that exert regulatory roles in intercellular interactions involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that a variety of vasoactive peptides play important roles in the occurrence and development of vascular aging and related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and stroke. This review will summarize the cumulative roles and mechanisms of several important endogenous vasoactive peptides in vascular aging and vascular aging-related diseases. In addition, we also aim to explore the promising diagnostic function as biomarkers and the potential therapeutic application of endogenous vasoactive peptides in vascular aging-related diseases.
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Rosano GM, Seferovic P, Savarese G, Spoletini I, Lopatin Y, Gustafsson F, Bayes‐Genis A, Jaarsma T, Abdelhamid M, Miqueo AG, Piepoli M, Tocchetti CG, Ristić AD, Jankowska E, Moura B, Hill L, Filippatos G, Metra M, Milicic D, Thum T, Chioncel O, Ben Gal T, Lund LH, Farmakis D, Mullens W, Adamopoulos S, Bohm M, Norhammar A, Bollmann A, Banerjee A, Maggioni AP, Voors A, Solal AC, Coats AJ. Impact analysis of heart failure across European countries: an ESC-HFA position paper. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:2767-2778. [PMID: 35869679 PMCID: PMC9715845 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a long-term clinical syndrome, with increasing prevalence and considerable healthcare costs that are further expected to increase dramatically. Despite significant advances in therapy and prevention, mortality and morbidity remain high and quality of life poor. Epidemiological data, that is, prevalence, incidence, mortality, and morbidity, show geographical variations across the European countries, depending on differences in aetiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment. However, data on the prevalence of the disease are scarce, as are those on quality of life. For these reasons, the ESC-HFA has developed a position paper to comprehensively assess our understanding of the burden of HF in Europe, in order to guide future policies for this syndrome. This manuscript will discuss the available epidemiological data on HF prevalence, outcomes, and human costs-in terms of quality of life-in European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe M.C. Rosano
- Centre for Clinical & Basic ResearchIRCCS San Raffaele Pisanavia della Pisana, 23500163RomeItaly
| | | | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular ThemeKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Ilaria Spoletini
- Centre for Clinical & Basic ResearchIRCCS San Raffaele Pisanavia della Pisana, 23500163RomeItaly
| | - Yuri Lopatin
- Regional Cardiology CentreVolgograd State Medical UniversityVolgogradRussia
| | - Fin Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Antoni Bayes‐Genis
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, BadalonaCIBERCVBarcelonaSpain
| | - Tiny Jaarsma
- Department of Health, Medicine and CareLinköping University, Linköping Sweden and Julius Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Arantxa Gonzalez Miqueo
- Program of Cardiovascular DiseasesCIMA Universidad de Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Massimo Piepoli
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology DepartmentGuglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital Cantone del CristoPiacenzaItaly
| | - Carlo G. Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA)Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Arsen D. Ristić
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Clinical Centre of SerbiaBelgradeSerbia
| | | | - Brenda Moura
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Loreena Hill
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | | | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Davor Milicic
- University of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Thomas Thum
- Hannover Medical SchoolInstitute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic StrategiesHanoverGermany
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases ‘Prof. C.C. Iliescu’BucharestRomania
| | - Tuvia Ben Gal
- Department of CardiologyRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Lars H. Lund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular ThemeKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - Wilfried Mullens
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, BIOMED—Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | | | | | - Anna Norhammar
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular ThemeKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Andreas Bollmann
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart InstituteLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Adriaan Voors
- University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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66
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6742792. [PMID: 35979398 PMCID: PMC9377967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6742792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging shows a decline in overall physical function, and cellular senescence is the powerful catalyst leading to aging. Considering that aging will be accompanied with the emergence of various aging-related diseases, research on new antiaging drugs is still valuable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as tools for intercellular communication, are important components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and they can play pathological roles in the process of cellular senescence. In addition, EVs are similar to their original cells in functions. Therefore, EVs derived from pathological tissues or body fluids may be closely related to the progression of diseases and become potential biomarkers, while those from healthy cells may have therapeutic effects. Moreover, EVs are satisfactory drug carriers. At present, numerous studies have supported the idea that engineered EVs could improve drug targeting ability and utilization efficiency. Here, we summarize the characteristics of EVs and cellular senescence and focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in various aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and its complications, and skin aging.
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67
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Chang WT, Shih JY, Lin YW, Huang TL, Chen ZC, Chen CL, Chu JS, Liu PY. miR-21 upregulation exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in aged hearts. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5925-5945. [PMID: 35907209 PMCID: PMC9365557 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Young and aging hearts undergo different remodeling post pressure overload, but the regulator that determines responses to pressure overload at different ages remains unknown. With an angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive model, miR-21 knockout mice (miR-21−/−) were observed regarding the effects of miR-21 on hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling in young (12 week-old) and old (50 week-old) mice. Although the aged heart represented a more significant hypertrophy and was associated with a higher expression of miR-21, Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy was attenuated in miR-21−/− mice. Upon results of cardiac-specific arrays in miR-21-overexpressing cardiomyocytes, we found a significant downregulation of S100a8. In both in vitro and in vivo models, miR-21/S100a8/NF-κB/NFAT pathway was observed to be associated with pressure overload-induced hypertrophic remodeling in aged hearts. To further investigate whether circulating miR-21 could be a biomarker reflecting the aged associated cardiac remodeling, we prospectively collected clinical and echocardiographic information of patients at young (<65 y/o) and old ages (≥65 y/o) with and without hypertension. Among 108 patients, aged subjects presented with a significantly higher expression of circulating miR-21, which was positively correlated with left ventricular wall thickness. Collectively, miR-21 was associated with a prominently hypertrophic response in aged hearts under pressure overload. Further studies should focus on therapeutic potentials of miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Show Chu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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68
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Curcumin Alleviates D-Galactose-Induced Cardiomyocyte Senescence by Promoting Autophagy via the SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2990843. [PMID: 35880107 PMCID: PMC9308546 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2990843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and impaired autophagy are the hallmarks of cardiac aging. However, there are no specific drugs available to prevent cardiac aging. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic drug with antioxidant, antiaging, and autophagy-promoting effects. Here, we describe the preventive role of Curcumin in cardiac aging through the induction of autophagy and the restoration of autophagy via the SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR pathway. The number of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase, P53, P16, and intracellular ROS increased significantly in senescent cardiomyocytes, stimulated using D-galactose. Curcumin reversed this effect in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin-induced autophagy increased the expression of SIRT1and phosphorylated AMPK and decreased phosphorylated mTOR in a dose-dependent manner. SIRT1-siRNA-mediated knockdown inhibited the antioxidation, antiaging, the promotion of autophagy, and the SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR pathway activation effect of curcumin. Therefore, curcumin could be an effective anticardiac aging drug.
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69
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Wei Y, Giunta S, Xia S. Hypoxia in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8165. [PMID: 35897741 PMCID: PMC9330578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global aging process continues to lengthen, aging-related diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure) continue to plague the elderly population. Aging is a complex biological process involving multiple tissues and organs and is involved in the development and progression of multiple aging-related diseases. At the same time, some of these aging-related diseases are often accompanied by hypoxia, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and the increased secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Hypoxia seems to play an important role in the process of inflammation and aging, but is often neglected in advanced clinical research studies. Therefore, we have attempted to elucidate the role played by different degrees and types of hypoxia in aging and aging-related diseases and their possible pathways, and propose rational treatment options based on such mechanisms for reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Sergio Giunta
- Casa di Cura Prof. Nobili–GHC Garofalo Health Care, 40035 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Shijin Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China;
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Zhang ZM, Xie XY, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Liu Z, Liu LM, Zhu MW, Wan BJ, Deng H, Tian K, Guo ZT, Zhao XZ. Critical values of monitoring indexes for perioperative major adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with biliary diseases. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6865-6875. [PMID: 36051111 PMCID: PMC9297436 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i20.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in elderly patients with biliary diseases are the main cause of perioperative accidental death, but no widely recognized quantitative monitoring index of perioperative cardiac function so far.
AIM To investigate the critical values of monitoring indexes for perioperative MACE in elderly patients with biliary diseases.
METHODS The clinical data of 208 elderly patients with biliary diseases in our hospital from May 2016 to April 2021 were retrospectively analysed. According to whether MACE occurred during the perioperative period, they were divided into the MACE group and the non-MACE group.
RESULTS In the MACE compared with the non-MACE group, postoperative complications, mortality, hospital stay, high sensitivity troponin-I (Hs-TnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), myoglobin (MYO), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and D-dimer (D-D) levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that postoperative BNP and D-D were independent risk factors for perioperative MACE, and their cut-off values in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were 382.65 pg/mL and 0.965 mg/L, respectively.
CONCLUSION The postoperative BNP and D-D were independent risk factors for perioperative MACE, with the critical values of 382.65 pg/mL and 0.965 mg/L respectively. Consequently, timely monitoring and effective maintenance of perioperative cardiac function stability are of great clinical significance to further improve the perioperative safety of elderly patients with biliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Li-Min Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Ming-Wen Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Bai-Jiang Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Zhen-Tian Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Xi-Zhe Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Sun A, Ge J. The effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms, roles and therapeutic potential. Genes Dis 2022; 9:959-972. [PMID: 35685463 PMCID: PMC9170600 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were identified as the leading cause of mortality, imposing a heavy burden on health care systems and the social economy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), as a pivotal co-substrate for a range of different enzymes, is involved in many signal transduction pathways activated in CVDs. Emerging evidence has shown that NAD+ can exert remediating effects on CVDs by regulating metabolism, maintaining redox homeostasis and modulating the immune response. In fact, NAD+ might delay ageing through sirtuin and non-sirtuin pathways and thus contribute to interventions for age-related diseases such as CVDs. Considering that robust clinical studies of NAD+ are ongoing, we discuss current challenges and the future translational potential of NAD+ based on existing studies and our understanding. Despite some remaining gaps in its clinical application, NAD+ has been shown to have broad prospects and pan-effects, making it a suitable prophylactic drug for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Cardiac fibroblasts regulate the development of heart failure via Htra3-TGF-β-IGFBP7 axis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3275. [PMID: 35672400 PMCID: PMC9174232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis and organ dysfunction are hallmarks of age-related diseases including heart failure, but it remains elusive whether there is a common pathway to induce both events. Through single-cell RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and genetic perturbation, we elucidate that high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 3 (Htra3) is a critical regulator of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure by maintaining the identity of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts through degrading transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Pressure overload downregulates expression of Htra3 in cardiac fibroblasts and activated TGF-β signaling, which induces not only cardiac fibrosis but also heart failure through DNA damage accumulation and secretory phenotype induction in failing cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Htra3 in the heart inhibits TGF-β signaling and ameliorates cardiac dysfunction after pressure overload. Htra3-regulated induction of spatio-temporal cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte secretory phenotype are observed specifically in infarct regions after myocardial infarction. Integrative analyses of single-cardiomyocyte transcriptome and plasma proteome in human reveal that IGFBP7, which is a cytokine downstream of TGF-β and secreted from failing cardiomyocytes, is the most predictable marker of advanced heart failure. These findings highlight the roles of cardiac fibroblasts in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cardiac fibrosis through the Htra3-TGF-β-IGFBP7 pathway, which would be a therapeutic target for heart failure. Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of heart failure. Here the authors use single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and genetic manipulations, to show that Htra3 regulates cardiac fibrosis by keeping fibroblasts quiescent and by degrading TGF-beta.
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Khan SS, Beach LB, Yancy CW. Sex-Based Differences in Heart Failure: JACC Focus Seminar 7/7. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:1530-1541. [PMID: 35422249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex-based differences exist in risk, symptoms, and management of heart failure (HF). Women have a higher incidence of HF with preserved ejection fraction compared with men. This may be partially caused by the cardiovascular effects of estrogen and sex-specific risk factors (eg, adverse pregnancy outcomes, premature menopause). Key gaps exist in understanding of gender-based differences in HF, which is a distinctly different concept than sex-based differences. Although evidence-based therapies for HF are available, only limited data address sex-specific efficacy, and no data address gender-based efficacy. Persistent shortcomings in representation of women and gender minority participants in clinical trials limit an actionable database. A comprehensive roadmap to close the sex/gender-based gap in HF includes the following: 1) sex/gender-specific personalized prevention; 2) sex/gender-neutral implementation of evidence-based therapies; and 3) sex/gender-appropriate policy-level initiatives to spur research assessing sex/gender-specific causes of HF; enhance sex/gender-specific subgroup reporting; and promote community engagement of these important patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya S Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Clyde W Yancy
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Pentacyclic triterpene oleanolic acid protects against cardiac aging through regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial integrity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166402. [PMID: 35346820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advanced aging exhibits altered cardiac geometry and function involving mitochondrial anomaly. Natural compounds display promises in the regulation of cardiac homeostasis via governance of mitochondrial integrity in aging. This study examined the effect of oleanolic acid (OA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with free radical scavenging and P450 cyclooxygenase-regulating properties, on cardiac aging and mechanisms involved with a focus on mitophagy. Young (4-5 month-old) and old (22-24 month-old) mice were treated with OA for 6 weeks prior to assessment of cardiac function, morphology, ultrastructure, mitochondrial integrity, cell death and autophagy. Our data revealed that OA treatment alleviated aging-induced changes in myocardial remodeling (increased heart weight, chamber size, cardiomyocyte area and interstitial fibrosis), contractile function and intracellular Ca2+ handling, apoptosis, necroptosis, inflammation, autophagy and mitophagy (LC3B, p62, TOM20 and FUNDC1 but not BNIP3 and Parkin). OA treatment rescued aging-induced anomalies in mitochondrial ultrastructure (loss of myofilament alignment, swollen mitochondria, increased circularity), mitochondrial biogenesis and O2- production without any notable effect at young age. Interestingly, OA-offered benefit against cardiomyocyte aging was nullified by deletion of the mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 using FUNDC1 knockout mice, denoting an obligatory role for FUNDC1 in OA-elicited preservation of mitophagy. OA reconciled aging-induced changes in E3 ligase MARCH5 but not FBXL2, and failed to affect aging-induced rises in IP3R3. Taken together, our data indicated a beneficial role for OA in attenuating cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction in aging through a FUNDC1-mediated mechanism.
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Hu C, Zhang X, Hu M, Teng T, Yuan Y, Song P, Kong C, Xu S, Ma Z, Tang Q. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 improves aging-related cardiac dysfunction in mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13556. [PMID: 35166002 PMCID: PMC8920441 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and aging‐related cardiac dysfunction serves as a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in elderly populations. Our previous study has identified fibronectin type III domain‐containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleaved form, irisin, as the cardioprotectant against doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy. Herein, aging or matched young mice were overexpressed with FNDC5 by adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors, or subcutaneously infused with irisin to uncover the role of FNDC5 in aging‐related cardiac dysfunction. To verify the involvement of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and AMP‐activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), Nlrp3 or Ampkα2 global knockout mice were used. Besides, young mice were injected with AAV9‐FNDC5 and maintained for 12 months to determine the preventive effect of FNDC5. Moreover, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) to examine the role of FNDC5 in vitro. We found that FNDC5 was downregulated in aging hearts. Cardiac‐specific overexpression of FNDC5 or irisin infusion significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome and cardiac inflammation, thereby attenuating aging‐related cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In addition, irisin treatment also inhibited cellular senescence in TNF‐α‐stimulated cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, FNDC5 activated AMPKα through blocking the lysosomal degradation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor. More importantly, FNDC5 gene transfer in early life could delay the onset of cardiac dysfunction during aging process. We prove that FNDC5 improves aging‐related cardiac dysfunction by activating AMPKα, and it might be a promising therapeutic target to support cardiovascular health in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Yu‐Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Chun‐Yan Kong
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Si‐Chi Xu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Zhen‐Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Qi‐Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
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Lin TK, Hsu BC, Li YD, Chen CH, Lin JW, Chien CY, Weng CY. The impact of sources of perceived social support on readmissions in patients with heart failure. J Psychosom Res 2022; 154:110723. [PMID: 35078080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower levels of perceived social support have been known as an independent predictor of hospital readmissions in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the impact of sources of perceived social support on readmissions remain unexplored. PURPOSE The main purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the relative importance of social support from significant other, family, and friends on all-cause readmission and cardiac readmission in patients with HF. METHODS The prospective cohort study was used to recruit a total of 299 patients with HF in Taiwan between May 2012 and December 2014. Demographic and clinical characteristics, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSSS), and 18-month follow-up readmissions were recorded during the hospital stay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were constructed to determine the impact of levels and sources of perceived social support with all-cause readmission and cardiac readmission. RESULTS A total of 158 patients (52.8%) and 118 patients (39.5%), respectively, had all-cause readmission and cardiac readmissions within 18 months. Multivariate logistic regression yielded inverse associations between levels of perceived social support and readmissions by 18-months. Importantly, social support from significant other was significantly associated with a lower risk of readmissions, both of all-cause readmission and cardiac readmission, in patients with HF, even after controlling for possible covariates, social support from family and friends. CONCLUSIONS Social support from significant other, rather than from family and friends, was relatively and inversely associated with 18-month all-cause readmission and cardiac readmission in patients with HF, which is consistent with the hierarchical compensatory model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Kwang Lin
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan No.701, Sec.3, Jhongyang Rd., Hualien City, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan No. 2, Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan No.168, Sec. 1, University Rd., Minhsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Da Li
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan No.701, Sec.3, Jhongyang Rd., Hualien City, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan No. 2, Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan No. 2, Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan No. 2, Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan No. 2, Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Weng
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan No.168, Sec. 1, University Rd., Minhsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
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Circular RNA ITCH: An Emerging Multifunctional Regulator. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030359. [PMID: 35327551 PMCID: PMC8944968 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, numerous circRNAs were discovered by virtue of the RNA-Seq technique. With the deepening of experimental research, circRNAs have brought to light the key biological functions and progression of human diseases. CircRNA ITCH has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor in numerous cancers, and recently it was found to play an important role in bone diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the functions of circ-ITCH have not been completely understood. In this review, we comprehensively provide a conceptual framework to elucidate circ-ITCH biological functions of cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, and the pathological mechanisms of inflammation, drug resistance/toxicity, and tumorigenesis. Finally, we summarize its clinical applications in various diseases. This research aimed at clarifying the role of circ-ITCH, which could be a promising therapeutic target.
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Aging Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020336. [PMID: 35204217 PMCID: PMC8868312 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advances and the availability of diagnostic tools have considerably increased life expectancy and, consequently, the elderly segment of the world population. As age is a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is critical to understand the changes in cardiac structure and function during the aging process. The phenotypes and molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging include several factors. An increase in oxidative stress is a major player in cardiac aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an important mechanism for maintaining physiological processes; its generation is regulated by a system of antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress occurs from an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses resulting in the accumulation of free radicals. In the heart, ROS activate signaling pathways involved in myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, and inflammation thereby affecting cell structure and function, and contributing to cardiac damage and remodeling. In this manuscript, we review recent published research on cardiac aging. We summarize the aging heart biology, highlighting key molecular pathways and cellular processes that underlie the redox signaling changes during aging. Main ROS sources, antioxidant defenses, and the role of dysfunctional mitochondria in the aging heart are addressed. As metabolism changes contribute to cardiac aging, we also comment on the most prevalent metabolic alterations. This review will help us to understand the mechanisms involved in the heart aging process and will provide a background for attractive molecular targets to prevent age-driven pathology of the heart. A greater understanding of the processes involved in cardiac aging may facilitate our ability to mitigate the escalating burden of CVD in older individuals and promote healthy cardiac aging.
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Simou A, Xanthopoulos A, Giamouzis G, Papagiannis D, Dimos A, Economou D, Skoularigis J, Triposkiadis F. Coexisting morbidity burden in elderly hospitalized patients with and without heart failure. Hellenic J Cardiol 2022; 65:53-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Bosch-Nicolau P, Espinosa-Pereiro J, Salvador F, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Molina I. Association Between Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in Peripheral Blood and Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:787214. [PMID: 35174221 PMCID: PMC8841718 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.787214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most important complication of patients with Chagas disease (CD). The role of persistent detection of DNA in peripheral blood and its association to CCC is unknown. We performed a systematic review up to July 2021, including studies that reported ratios of CCC and PCR positivity among non-treated adult patients. We identified 749 records and selected 12 for inclusion corresponding to 1,686 patients. Eight studies were performed in endemic countries and 4 in non-endemic countries. Only two studies showed an association between CCC and Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia by means of PCR detection. Six studies reported greater positive PCR ratios among patients with CCC than in the patients with indeterminate chagas disease (ICD) with no statistical significance. A significant risk of bias has been detected among most of the studies. Therefore, while we performed a meta-analysis, wide inter-study heterogeneity impeded its interpretation.ConclusionsWith the available information, we could not establish a correlation between PCR-detectable parasitemia and CCC.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020216072, identifier: CRD42020216072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Bosch-Nicolau
- Tropical Medicine & International Health Unit Vall d'Hebrón - Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, PROSICS Barcelona, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Espinosa-Pereiro
- Tropical Medicine & International Health Unit Vall d'Hebrón - Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, PROSICS Barcelona, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Tropical Medicine & International Health Unit Vall d'Hebrón - Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, PROSICS Barcelona, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá
- Tropical Medicine & International Health Unit Vall d'Hebrón - Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, PROSICS Barcelona, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- Tropical Medicine & International Health Unit Vall d'Hebrón - Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, PROSICS Barcelona, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Israel Molina
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Shi X, Zhang L, Li Y, Xue J, Liang F, Ni HW, Wang X, Cai Z, Shen LH, Huang T, He B. Integrative Analysis of Bulk and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Reveals Cell Types Involved in Heart Failure. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:779225. [PMID: 35071201 PMCID: PMC8766768 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.779225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the high mortality rates of heart failure (HF), a more detailed description of the HF becomes extremely urgent. Since the pathogenesis of HF remain elusive, a thorough identification of the genetic factors will provide novel insights into the molecular basis of this cardiac dysfunction. In our research, we performed publicly available transcriptome profiling datasets, including non-failure (NF), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) hearts tissues. Through principal component analysis (PCA), gene differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), we figured out the candidate genes noticeably altered in HF, the specific biomarkers of endothelial cell (EC) and cardiac fibrosis, then validated the differences of the inflammation-related cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, and immune responses. Taken together, our results suggested the EC and fibroblast could be activated in response to HF. DCM and ICM had both commonality and specificity in the pathogenesis of HF. Higher inflammation in ICM might related to autocrine CCL3/CCL4-CCR5 interaction induced chemokine signaling activation. Furthermore, the activities of neutrophil and macrophage were higher in ICM than DCM. These findings identified features of the landscape of previously underestimated cellular, transcriptomic heterogeneity between ICM and DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science, East China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyuan Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Wen Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Hong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang D, Li H, Tian X, Zhang S. Effects of enteral nutrition on heart function, inflammatory markers and immune function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Pak J Med Sci 2022; 38:302-309. [PMID: 35035444 PMCID: PMC8713206 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.38.1.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of enteral nutrition on heart function, inflammatory markers and immune function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure and its clinical significance. Methods: Eighty patients with moderate and severe heart failure admitted to the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit (CCU) of Baoding First Central Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were included in this study and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, with 40 patients in each group. The experimental group was given enteral nutrition support therapy on the basis of conventional therapy for one month, while the control group was given restricted salt and water intake on the basis of conventional therapy, and patients were given free diet according to their wishes. The changes in heart function before and after treatment, changes in inflammatory factors such as TNF-a, CRP, IL-6, changes in levels of immunoglobulins such as IgA, IgM, and IgG, and the improvement of the performance status of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: After treatment, indicators such as BNP, LVEDD, LVEF and 6min walking distance in the experimental group were significantly improved compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05), and the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-a, CRP and IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group (p=0.00). The levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and other immunoglobulins in the experimental group improved more significantly after treatment than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (IgG, IgA, p=0.00; IgM, p=0.01). Moreover, the experimental group was significantly superior to the control group in the improvement rate of performance status score (ECOG) after treatment (p=0.04); The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the experimental group was 20%, and that in the control group was 15%. No statistically significant difference can be observed in the gastrointestinal tolerance of both groups (p=0.56). Conclusions: Reasonable enteral nutrition boasts a variety of benefits for the recovery of elderly patients with chronic heart failure. With reasonable enteral nutrition, the heart function of elderly patients with chronic heart failure can be significantly improved, inflammatory factors can be reduced, immunity and performance status can be enhanced, and gastrointestinal tolerance can be ameliorated without obvious gastrointestinal reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Dan Zhang, Department of Outpatient, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Hongli Li, Department of Cardio-vascular Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Xiang Tian
- Xiang Tian, Department of Cardio-vascular Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Sujuan Zhang
- Sujuan Zhang Department of Outpatient, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
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Liang G, He Z, Chen Y, Zhang H, Peng H, Zong D, Long Y. Existence of multiple organ aging in animal model of
emphysema induced by cigarette smoke extract. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:02. [PMID: 35087358 PMCID: PMC8763140 DOI: 10.18332/tid/143853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is commonly considered that COPD or at least emphysema represents accelerated lung aging induced in part by oxidative damage from cigarette smoke components. However, the issue if there are any aging signs in other organs in patients with COPD or emphysema remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore whether there is multiple organ aging in the animal model of emphysema induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and to ascertain the possible mechanisms, if any. METHODS The animal model of emphysema was induced by CSE. Histomorphological changes in lung, heart, liver, kidney and spleen tissues were measured after staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The concentrations of stem cell factor (SCF), CyclinD1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were determined by ELISA kit. The expressions of p16 (INK4a), Sca-1, eNOS proteins and mRNA in lung, heart, liver, kidney and spleen tissues were detected by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Decitabine (Dec) was applied to examine whether it could alter the changes caused by CSE. RESULTS The histomorphology of lung tissue was significantly changed, while other organs exhibited normal structure and histomorphology. The concentrations of SCF, CyclinD1 and SOD in serum were lower in the CSE group than in the control group. The expression levels of p16(INK4a) protein and mRNA in lung, heart, liver, kidney and spleen tissues were higher in the CSE group than in the control group, while the expression levels of Sca-1 and eNOS proteins and mRNA were lower in the CSE group than in the control group, in the tissues described above. Dec could partly alleviate the damages caused by CSE and the degree of alleviation resulted by Dec varied from organ to organ. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the aging of the lung tissue in the emphysema animal model induced by CSE, the tissues of the heart, liver, kidney and spleen were also in the progress of aging, but the sensibility and affinity of lung to CSE were higher than those of the other organs. Multiple organ aging may also exist in the animal model of emphysema induced by CSE. DEC can partly alleviate the multiple organ aging caused by CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huaihuai Peng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Zong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjiao Long
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Hsiao YT, Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Minamino T. Role of circulating molecules in age-related cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:2. [PMID: 35012677 PMCID: PMC8744343 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies analyzing heterochronic parabiosis mice models showed that molecules in the blood of young mice rejuvenate aged mice. Therefore, blood-based therapies have become one of the therapeutic approaches to be considered for age-related diseases. Blood includes numerous biologically active molecules such as proteins, metabolites, hormones, miRNAs, etc. and accumulating evidence indicates some of these change their concentration with chronological aging or age-related disorders. The level of some circulating molecules showed a negative or positive correlation with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, or metabolic disorders. Through analyses of clinical/translation/basic research, some molecules were focused on as therapeutic targets. One approach is the supplementation of circulating anti-aging molecules. Favorable results in preclinical studies let some molecules to be tested in humans. These showed beneficial or neutral results, and some were inconsistent. Studies with rodents and humans indicate circulating molecules can be recognized as biomarkers or therapeutic targets mediating their pro-aging or anti-aging effects. Characterization of these molecules with aging, testing their biological effects, and finding mimetics of young systemic milieu continue to be an interesting and important research topic to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Ting Hsiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
- Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan.
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
- Department of Advanced Senotherapeutics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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Kaichi R, Marume K, Nakai M, Ishii M, Ogata S, Iwanaga Y, Ikebe S, Mori T, Komaki S, Kusaka H, Toida R, Kurogi K, Miyamoto Y, Yamamoto N. Relationship Between Heart Failure Hospitalization Costs and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in an Advanced Aging Society. Circ Rep 2022; 4:48-58. [PMID: 35083388 PMCID: PMC8710639 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-21-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a basic clinical index that determines the heart failure (HF) treatment strategy. We aimed to evaluate the association between hospitalization costs for HF patient and LVEF in an advanced aging society in a region in Japan. Methods and Results:
Consecutive HF patients admitted to Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital between January 2015 and March 2018 were included in the study. The 346 HF patients (mean age 78 years) were divided into 2 groups: HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; LVEF <40%; n=129) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; LVEF ≥40%; n=217). Median hospitalization costs (in 2017 US dollars) were higher in the HFrEF than HFpEF group, but the difference was not statistically significant ($7,128 vs. $6,580; P=0.189). However, in older adults (age ≥75 years; n=252), median hospitalization costs were significantly higher in the HFrEF than HFpEF group ($7,240 vs. $6,471; P=0.014), and LVEF was an independent factor of hospitalization costs (β=−0.0301, P=0.006). Median hospitalization costs were significantly lower in the older than younger HFpEF group ($6,471 vs. $7,250; P=0.011), but there was no significant difference in costs between the older and younger HFrEF groups ($7,240 vs. $6,760; P=0.351). Conclusions:
The relationship between LVEF and hospitalization costs became more pronounced with age, and LVEF was a negative independent factor for hospitalization costs in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sou Ikebe
- Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the phenotype and function of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells. Cardiac injury triggers the generation of bioactive TGFβ from latent stores, through mechanisms involving proteases, integrins and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Activated TGFβ signals through the SMAD intracellular effectors or through non-SMAD cascades. In the infarcted heart, the anti-inflammatory and fibroblast-activating actions of TGFβ have an important role in repair; however, excessive or prolonged TGFβ signalling accentuates adverse remodelling, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac pressure overload also activates TGFβ cascades, which initially can have a protective role, promoting an ECM-preserving phenotype in fibroblasts and preventing the generation of injurious, pro-inflammatory ECM fragments. However, prolonged and overactive TGFβ signalling in pressure-overloaded cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts can promote cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In the atria, TGFβ-mediated fibrosis can contribute to the pathogenic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Overactive or dysregulated TGFβ responses have also been implicated in cardiac ageing and in the pathogenesis of diabetic, genetic and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. This Review summarizes the current evidence on the role of TGFβ signalling in myocardial diseases, focusing on cellular targets and molecular mechanisms, and discussing challenges and opportunities for therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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87
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Budhathoki S, Graham C, Sethu P, Kannappan R. Engineered Aging Cardiac Tissue Chip Model for Studying Cardiovascular Disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:348-359. [PMID: 34365455 PMCID: PMC8818062 DOI: 10.1159/000516954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapidly growing number of older people worldwide and the concomitant increase in cardiovascular complications, there is an urgent need for age-related cardiac disease modeling and drug screening platforms. In the present study, we developed a cardiac tissue chip model that incorporates hemodynamic loading and mimics essential aspects of the infarcted aging heart. We induced cellular senescence in H9c2 myoblasts using low-dose doxorubicin treatment. These senescent cells were then used to engineer cardiac tissue fibers, which were subjected to hemodynamic stresses associated with pressure-volume changes in the heart. Myocardial ischemia was modeled in the engineered cardiac tissue via hypoxic treatment. Our results clearly show that acute low-dose doxorubicin treatment-induced senescence, as evidenced by morphological and molecular markers, including enlarged and flattened nuclei, DNA damage response foci, and increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor p16INK4a, p53, and ROS. Under normal hemodynamic load, the engineered cardiac tissues demonstrated cell alignment and retained cardiac cell characteristics. Our senescent cardiac tissue model of hypoxia-induced myocardial infarction recapitulated the pathological disease hallmarks such as increased cell death and upregulated expression of ANP and BNP. In conclusion, the described methodology provides a novel approach to generate stress-induced aging cardiac cell phenotypes and engineer cardiac tissue chip models to study the cardiovascular disease pathologies associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Budhathoki
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caleb Graham
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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88
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Kang YP, Chen LY, Zhu JJ, Liu WX, Ma CS. Association of frailty with in-hospital outcomes in elderly patients with heart failure. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:11208-11219. [PMID: 35071551 PMCID: PMC8717519 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i36.11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is prevalent in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between frailty and in-hospital outcomes for elderly patients with heart failure and reduced ejection (HFrEF) remains unknown.
AIM To evaluate the predictive efficacy of frailty, compared with pre-frailty, for adverse events in these patients.
METHODS Elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with HFrEF were assessed. Frailty was evaluated with the Fried phenotype criteria, and physical performance was evaluated based on handgrip strength and the short physical performance battery (SPPB). The composite incidence of adverse events, including all-cause death, multiple organ failure, cardiac shock, and malignant arrhythmia, during hospitalization was recorded.
RESULTS Overall, 252 elderly individuals with HFrEF [mean age: 69.4 ± 6.7 years, male: 169 (67.0%)] were included. One hundred and thirty-five (53.6%) patients were frail and 93 (36.9%) were pre-frail. Frail patients were older, more likely to be female, to have a lower blood pressure, and to present with left ventricular thrombosis (P all < 0.05). Frail patients with HFrEF had a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (11.9% vs 4.3%, P = 0.048). Multivariate analyses showed that female gender (OR = 0.422), aging (OR = 1.090), poor cardiac functional class (OR = 2.167), frailty (OR = 2.379), and lower handgrip strength (OR = 1.106) were independent predictors of in-hospital adverse events (P all < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Frailty may be associated with poor in-hospital outcomes for elderly patients with HFrEF. The influence of frailty on long-term prognosis in these patients deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li-Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Xian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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89
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Röning T, Magga J, Laitakari A, Halmetoja R, Tapio J, Dimova EY, Szabo Z, Rahtu-Korpela L, Kemppi A, Walkinshaw G, Myllyharju J, Kerkelä R, Koivunen P, Serpi R. Activation of the hypoxia response pathway protects against age-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 164:148-155. [PMID: 34919895 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have previously demonstrated protection against obesity, metabolic dysfunction, atherosclerosis and cardiac ischemia in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (Hif-p4h-2) deficient mouse line, attributing these protective effects to activation of the hypoxia response pathway in a normoxic environment. We intended here to find out whether the Hif-p4h-2 deficiency affects the cardiac health of these mice upon aging. METHODS AND RESULTS When the Hif-p4h-2 deficient mice and their wild-type littermates were monitored during normal aging, the Hif-p4h-2 deficient mice had better preserved diastolic function than the wild type at one year of age and less cardiomyocyte hypertrophy at two years. On the mRNA level, downregulation of hypertrophy-associated genes was detected and shown to be associated with upregulation of Notch signaling, and especially of the Notch target gene and transcriptional repressor Hairy and enhancer-of-split-related basic helix-loop-helix (Hey2). Blocking of Notch signaling in cardiomyocytes isolated from Hif-p4h-2 deficient mice with a gamma-secretase inhibitor led to upregulation of the hypertrophy-associated genes. Also, targeting Hey2 in isolated wild-type rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with siRNA led to upregulation of hypertrophic genes and increased leucine incorporation indicative of increased protein synthesis and hypertrophy. Finally, oral treatment of wild-type mice with a small molecule inhibitor of HIF-P4Hs phenocopied the effects of Hif-p4h-2 deficiency with less cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, upregulation of Hey2 and downregulation of the hypertrophy-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that activation of the hypoxia response pathway upregulates Notch signaling and its target Hey2 resulting in transcriptional repression of hypertrophy-associated genes and less cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This is eventually associated with better preserved cardiac function upon aging. Activation of the hypoxia response pathway thus has therapeutic potential for combating age-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Röning
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Laitakari
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Halmetoja
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joona Tapio
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Lea Rahtu-Korpela
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Kemppi
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Raisa Serpi
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
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90
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Sciacqua A, Succurro E, Armentaro G, Miceli S, Pastori D, Rengo G, Sesti G. Pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes in elderly patients with heart failure: randomized trials and beyond. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 28:667-681. [PMID: 34859336 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represent two important public health problems, and despite improvements in the management of both diseases, they are responsible for high rates of hospitalizations and mortality. T2DM accelerates physiological cardiac aging through hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Thus, HF and T2DM are chronic diseases widely represented in elderly people who often are affected by numerous comorbidities with important functional limitations making it difficult to apply the current guidelines. Several antidiabetic drugs should be used with caution in elderly individuals with T2DM. For instance, sulfonylureas should be avoided due to the risk of hypoglycemia associated with its use. Insulin should be used with caution because it is associated with higher risk of hypoglycemia, and may determine fluid retention which can lead to worsening of HF. Thiazolindinediones should be avoided due to the increased risk of fluid retention and HF. Biguanides may lead to a slightly increased risk of lactic acidosis in particular in elderly individuals with impaired renal function. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are safe having few side effects, minimal risk of hypoglycemia, and a neutral effect on cardiovascular (CV) outcome, even if it has been reported that saxagliptin treatment is associated with increased risk of hospitalizations for HF (hHF). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown a CV protection without a significant reduction in hHF. On the other hand, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown a significant improvement in CV outcome, with a strong reduction of hHF and a positive impact on renal damage progression. However, it is necessary to consider the possible some side effects related to their use in elderly individuals including hypotension, bone fractures, and ketoacidosis.It is important to remark that elderly patients, in particular the very elderly, are not sufficiently represented in the trials; thus, the management and treatment of elderly diabetic patients with HF should be mainly based on the integration of scientific evidence with clinical judgment and patients' condition, with respect to the dignity and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Armentaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sofia Miceli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri SPA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Telese, Terme, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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91
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Bonnefous L, Kharoubi M, Bézard M, Oghina S, Le Bras F, Poullot E, Molinier-Frenkel V, Fanen P, Deux JF, Audard V, Itti E, Damy T, Audureau E. Assessing Cardiac Amyloidosis Subtypes by Unsupervised Phenotype Clustering Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:2177-2192. [PMID: 34823661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a set of amyloid diseases with usually predominant cardiac symptoms, including light-chain amyloidosis (AL), hereditary variant transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv), and wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt). CA are characterized by high heterogeneity in phenotypes leading to diagnosis delay and worsened outcomes. OBJECTIVES The authors used clustering analysis to identify typical clinical profiles in a large population of patients with suspected CA. METHODS Data were collected from the French Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis database (Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil), including 1,394 patients with suspected CA between 2010 and 2018: 345 (25%) had a diagnosis of AL, 263 (19%) ATTRv, 402 (29%) ATTRwt, and 384 (28%) no amyloidosis. Based on comprehensive clinicobiological phenotyping, unsupervised clustering analyses were performed by artificial neural network-based self-organizing maps to identify patient profiles (clusters) with similar characteristics, independent of the final diagnosis and prognosis. RESULTS Mean age and left ventricular ejection fraction were 72 ± 13 years and 52% ± 13%, respectively. The authors identified 7 clusters of patients with contrasting profiles and prognosis. AL patients were distinctively located within a typical cluster; ATTRv patients were distributed across 4 clusters with varying clinical presentations, 1 of which overlapped with patients without amyloidosis; interestingly, ATTRwt patients spread across 3 distinct clusters with contrasting risk factors, biological profiles, and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Clustering analysis identified 7 clinical profiles with varying characteristics, prognosis, and associations with diagnosis. Especially in patients with ATTRwt, these results suggest key areas to improve amyloidosis diagnosis and stratify prognosis depending on associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bonnefous
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Public Health Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Mélanie Bézard
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Silvia Oghina
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Fabien Le Bras
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hematology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Elsa Poullot
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Biology-Pathology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Biology-Pathology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Pascale Fanen
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Genetics Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-François Deux
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Radiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Nephrology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Itti
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Nuclear Medicine Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Thibaud Damy
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Clinical Investigation Center 1430, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Etienne Audureau
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Public Health Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France.
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The Role of Endothelium in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111920. [PMID: 34769350 PMCID: PMC8584762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is causing a global pandemic. The virus primarily affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and raises the risk of a variety of non-pulmonary consequences, the most severe and possibly fatal of which are cardiovascular problems. Data show that almost one-third of the patients with a moderate or severe form of COVID-19 had preexisting cardiovascular comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, heart failure, or coronary artery disease. SARS-CoV2 causes hyper inflammation, hypoxia, apoptosis, and a renin–angiotensin system imbalance in a variety of cell types, primarily endothelial cells. Profound endothelial dysfunction associated with COVID-19 can be the cause of impaired organ perfusion that may generate acute myocardial injury, renal failure, and a procoagulant state resulting in thromboembolic events. We discuss the most recent results on the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in patients with cardiometabolic diseases in this review. We also provide insights on treatments that may reduce the severity of this viral infection.
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93
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Han Y, Li LZ, Kastury NL, Thomas CT, Lam MPY, Lau E. Transcriptome features of striated muscle aging and predictability of protein level changes. Mol Omics 2021; 17:796-808. [PMID: 34328155 PMCID: PMC8511094 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00178g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We performed total RNA sequencing and multi-omics analysis comparing skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in young adult (4 months) vs. early aging (20 months) mice to examine the molecular mechanisms of striated muscle aging. We observed that aging cardiac and skeletal muscles both invoke transcriptomic changes in innate immune system and mitochondria pathways but diverge in extracellular matrix processes. On an individual gene level, we identified 611 age-associated signatures in skeletal and cardiac muscles, including a number of myokine and cardiokine encoding genes. Because RNA and protein levels correlate only partially, we reason that differentially expressed transcripts that accurately reflect their protein counterparts will be more valuable proxies for proteomic changes and by extension physiological states. We applied a computational data analysis workflow to estimate which transcriptomic changes are more likely relevant to protein-level regulation using large proteogenomics data sets. We estimate about 48% of the aging-associated transcripts predict protein levels well (r ≥ 0.5). In parallel, a comparison of the identified aging-regulated genes with public human transcriptomics data showed that only 35-45% of the identified genes show an age-dependent expression in corresponding human tissues. Thus, integrating both RNA-protein correlation and human conservation across data sources, we nominate 134 prioritized aging striated muscle signatures that are predicted to correlate strongly with protein levels and that show age-dependent expression in humans. The results here reveal new details into how aging reshapes gene expression in striated muscles at the transcript and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Lauren Z Li
- Department of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Nikhitha L Kastury
- Department of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Cody T Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Maggie P Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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94
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Elucidating Carfilzomib's Induced Cardiotoxicity in an In Vivo Model of Aging: Prophylactic Potential of Metformin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010956. [PMID: 34681615 PMCID: PMC8537073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Carfilzomib is a first-line proteasome inhibitor indicated for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM), with its clinical use being hampered by cardiotoxic phenomena. We have previously established a translational model of carfilzomib cardiotoxicity in young adult mice, in which metformin emerged as a prophylactic therapy. Considering that MM is an elderly disease and that age is an independent risk factor for cardiotoxicity, herein, we sought to validate carfilzomib’s cardiotoxicity in an in vivo model of aging. Methods: Aged mice underwent the translational two- and four-dose protocols without and with metformin. Mice underwent echocardiography and were subsequently sacrificed for molecular analyses in the blood and cardiac tissue. Results: Carfilzomib decreased proteasomal activity both in PBMCs and myocardium in both protocols. Carfilzomib induced mild cardiotoxicity after two doses and more pronounced cardiomyopathy in the four-dose protocol, while metformin maintained cardiac function. Carfilzomib led to an increased Bip expression and decreased AMPKα phosphorylation, while metformin coadministration partially decreased Bip expression and induced AMPKα phosphorylation, leading to enhanced myocardial LC3B-dependent autophagy. Conclusion: Carfilzomib induced cardiotoxicity in aged mice, an effect significantly reversed by metformin. The latter possesses translational importance as it further supports the clinical use of metformin as a potent prophylactic therapy.
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95
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Manning EP, Ramachandra AB, Schupp JC, Cavinato C, Raredon MSB, Bärnthaler T, Cosme C, Singh I, Tellides G, Kaminski N, Humphrey JD. Mechanisms of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Stiffening in Mice Revealed by a Functional Genetics Assay of Structural, Functional, and Transcriptomic Data. Front Physiol 2021; 12:726253. [PMID: 34594238 PMCID: PMC8478173 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia adversely affects the pulmonary circulation of mammals, including vasoconstriction leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressures. The clinical importance of changes in the structure and function of the large, elastic pulmonary arteries is gaining increased attention, particularly regarding impact in multiple chronic cardiopulmonary conditions. We establish a multi-disciplinary workflow to understand better transcriptional, microstructural, and functional changes of the pulmonary artery in response to sustained hypoxia and how these changes inter-relate. We exposed adult male C57BL/6J mice to normoxic or hypoxic (FiO2 10%) conditions. Excised pulmonary arteries were profiled transcriptionally using single cell RNA sequencing, imaged with multiphoton microscopy to determine microstructural features under in vivo relevant multiaxial loading, and phenotyped biomechanically to quantify associated changes in material stiffness and vasoactive capacity. Pulmonary arteries of hypoxic mice exhibited an increased material stiffness that was likely due to collagen remodeling rather than excessive deposition (fibrosis), a change in smooth muscle cell phenotype reflected by decreased contractility and altered orientation aligning these cells in the same direction as the remodeled collagen fibers, endothelial proliferation likely representing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning, and a network of cell-type specific transcriptomic changes that drove these changes. These many changes resulted in a system-level increase in pulmonary arterial pulse wave velocity, which may drive a positive feedback loop exacerbating all changes. These findings demonstrate the power of a multi-scale genetic-functional assay. They also highlight the need for systems-level analyses to determine which of the many changes are clinically significant and may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Manning
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Abhay B Ramachandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos Cosme
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - George Tellides
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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96
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Li W, Li Y, Cui S, Liu J, Tan L, Xia H, Zhang C. Se alleviates homocysteine-induced fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts via downregulation of lncRNA MEG3. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1269. [PMID: 34594406 PMCID: PMC8456485 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is considered to have antioxidant properties, which are beneficial for heart condition. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) has been suggested to potentially lead to heart failure and is characterized by cardiac fibrosis; however, investigation on the role of Se and HHCY in cardiac fibrosis is rare. Since previous studies demonstrated the important role of the long non-coding RNA maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) in some heart diseases, the present study aimed to determine how Se and MEG3 might exert regulatory effects on HCY-induced fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Mouse CFs were isolated and treated with HCY and Se. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I and III was detected by western blotting to reflect CF fibrosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of MEG3. Inflammation and oxidative stress responses were analyzed by measuring TNF-α, IL-1β (ELISA) and reactive oxygen species levels (using a commercial kit), respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate CF proliferation. Total and phosphorylated (p) expression of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was evaluated by western blotting. CFs were transfected with adenovirus expressing MEG3 short-hairpin RNA to knock down MEG3 expression. Se treatment downregulated the expression level of MEG3 in HCY-stimulated CFs, whilst inhibiting the inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Furthermore, Se inhibited the increased proliferation of CFs following HCY treatment. In addition, MEG3-knockdown in CFs could improve fibrosis caused by HCY. Furthermore, the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 were decreased following treatment with Se or MEG3 silencing. Taken together, the findings from the present study suggested that Se may alleviate cardiac fibrosis by downregulating the expression of MEG3 and reducing the inflammatory and oxidative stress response in CFs. This suggests that Se may be a potential therapeutic option for treating cardiac fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Shengyu Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lijiao Tan
- Medical School of Enshi Polytechnic, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
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97
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LuQi Formula Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome to Relieve Myocardial-Infarction-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5518083. [PMID: 34257682 PMCID: PMC8257334 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5518083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Excessive activation of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasome plays a significant role in the progression of cardiac injury. In China, it has been well recognized that Chinese herbal medicine is markedly effective in treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). LuQi Formula (LQF) has been used clinically for more than 10 years and confirmed to be effective in improving cardiac function and inhibiting apoptosis. However, the specific mechanisms underlying its efficacy are mostly unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether LQF could alleviate cardiac injury and apoptosis by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and the caspase-3/Bax pathway. Purpose In this study, we investigated the effects of LQF on cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: the sham group, the model group, the LQF group, and the perindopril group, with a sample size (n) of 10 mice in each group. Except the sham group, the other groups received left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation to induce MI and then treated with LQF, perindopril, or saline. Six weeks after MI, echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Myocardial tissue morphology was observed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and heart samples were stained with Masson's trichrome to analyse myocardial fibrosis. Myocardial hypertrophy was observed by fluorescent wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining. The expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Cle-caspase-1, IL-1β, TXNIP, Cle-caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax in heart tissues were assessed by western blot analysis. mRNA expressions of ANP and BNP in heart tissues were measured by RT-PCR. The expression of reactive oxygen species in myocardial tissue was detected by using a DCFH-DA probe. Results Echocardiographic analysis showed that compared with the model group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) in the LQF and perindopril group were increased (P < 0.05), left ventricular internal diameter end diastole (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal diameter end-systole (LVIDs) were reduced (P < 0.05), and H&E and Masson's trichrome staining of cardiac tissues showed that LQF and perindopril could partially reverse ventricular remodeling and alleviate myocardial fibrosis (P < 0.05). WGA fluorescence results showed that compared with the model group, myocardial hypertrophy was significantly reduced in the LQF and perindopril group. We also found that LQF and perindopril reduce the oxidative stress response in the heart of MI mice. The protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, Cle-caspase-1, IL-1β, TXNIP, Cle-caspase-3, and Bax was downregulated in the LHF and perindopril treatment group, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated. Conclusion LQF and perindopril significantly attenuated cardiac injury and apoptosis in the MI model. In addition, we found that LQF effectively inhibited the activation of the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1/IL-1β cascade, decreased inflammatory infiltration, delayed ventricular remodeling, and downregulated caspase-3/Bax signaling, which can effectively reduce the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Perindopril showed the same mechanism.
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98
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Yuan Z, Huang W. New Developments in Exosomal lncRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:709169. [PMID: 34307511 PMCID: PMC8295603 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with lengths >200 nt and are involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Exosomes are secreted and produced by various cell types. Exosome contents include various ncRNAs, proteins and lipids. Exosomes are also important mediators of intercellular communication. The proportion of lncRNAs in exosomes is low, but increasing evidence suggests that exosomal lncRNAs play important roles in CVDs. We focused on research progress in exosomal lncRNAs in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac angiogenesis, cardiac aging, rheumatic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease combined with CVD. The potential diagnostic and therapeutic effects of exosomal lncRNAs in CVDs are summarized based on preclinical studies involving animal and cell models and circulating exosomes in clinical patients. Finally, the challenges and possible prospects of exosomes and exosomal lncRNAs in clinical applications related to CVD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Abstract
Navitoclax, which is a type of senolytic drug, selectively eliminates senescent cells. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of navitoclax in treatment of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced heart failure in mice. Navitoclax or vehicle was administrated in mice with Ang II-induced heart failure. Cardiac function and electrophysiology were assessed before and after administration of navitoclax. Cardiac remodeling, including morphological changes, fibrosis, and inflammatory responses, was analyzed in myocardial tissue. Cellular effects of navitoclax were validated in isolated primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Echocardiography of mice showed that navitoclax improved cardiac dysfunction by improving the left ventricular ejection fraction (vehicle: 45.88 ± 2.19%; navitoclax: 54.70 ± 1.65%, P < 0.01). In cardiac electrophysiological testing, navitoclax increased conduction velocity (vehicle: 1.37 ± 0.05 mm/ms; navitoclax: 1.69 ± 0.08 mm/ms, P < 0.05) and decreased susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmia induced by programmed electrical stimulation. Histopathological staining, immunofluorescence, and western blotting examinations showed that navitoclax ameliorated Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and the inflammatory response. Moreover, navitoclax eliminated senescent cells by inducing apoptosis. Therefore, navitoclax improved cardiac function and electrophysiological characteristics through decreasing cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation in mice with heart failure. Pharmacological clearance of senescent cells may be a potential therapeutic approach in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
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100
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Giamouzis G, Dimos A, Xanthopoulos A, Skoularigis J, Triposkiadis F. Left ventricular hypertrophy and sudden cardiac death. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:711-724. [PMID: 34184173 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide, and it remains a public health problem, as it involves young subjects. Current guideline-directed risk stratification for primary prevention is largely based on left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), and preventive strategies such as implantation of a cardiac defibrillator (ICD) are justified only for documented low LVEF (i.e., ≤ 35%). Unfortunately, only a small percentage of primary prevention ICDs, implanted on the basis of a low LVEF, will deliver life-saving therapies on an annual basis. On the other hand, the vast majority of patients that experience SCD have LVEF > 35%, which is clamoring for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. It is mandatory that additional variables be considered, both independently and in combination with the EF, to improve SCD risk prediction. LV hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong independent risk factor for SCD regardless of the etiology and the severity of symptoms. Concentric and eccentric LV hypertrophy, and even earlier concentric remodeling without hypertrophy, are all associated with increased risk of SCD. In this paper, we summarize the physiology and physiopathology of LVH, review the epidemiological evidence supporting the association between LVH and SCD, briefly discuss the mechanisms linking LVH with SCD, and emphasize the need to evaluate LV geometry as a potential risk stratification tool regardless of the LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Giamouzis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Apostolos Dimos
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Andrew Xanthopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - John Skoularigis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Filippos Triposkiadis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece. .,Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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