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Parker J, Marten SM, Ó Corcora TC, Rajkov J, Dubin A, Roth O. The effects of primary and secondary bacterial exposure on the seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) immune response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105136. [PMID: 38185263 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptations in the Syngnathidae teleost family (seahorses, pipefish and seadragons) culminated in an array of spectacular morphologies, key immune gene losses, and the enigmatic male pregnancy. In seahorses, genome modifications associated with immunoglobulins, complement, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) pathway components raise questions concerning their immunological efficiency and the evolution of compensatory measures that may act in their place. In this investigation heat-killed bacteria (Vibrio aestuarianus and Tenacibaculum maritimum) were used in a two-phased experiment to assess the immune response dynamics of Hippocampus erectus. Gill transcriptomes from double and single-exposed individuals were analysed in order to determine the differentially expressed genes contributing to immune system responses towards immune priming. Double-exposed individuals exhibited a greater adaptive immune response when compared with single-exposed individuals, while single-exposed individuals, particularly with V. aestuarianus replicates, associated more with the innate branch of the immune system. T. maritimum double-exposed replicates exhibited the strongest immune reaction, likely due to their immunological naivety towards the bacterium, while there are also potential signs of innate trained immunity. MHC II upregulated expression was identified in selected V. aestuarianus-exposed seahorses, in the absence of other pathway constituents suggesting a possible alternative or non-classical MHC II immune function in seahorses. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted prominent angiogenesis activity following secondary exposure, which could be linked to an adaptive immune process in seahorses. This investigation highlights the prominent role of T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses in seahorses when exposed to sequential foreign bacteria exposures. If classical MHC II pathway function has been lost, innate trained immunity in syngnathids could be a potential compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Parker
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Silke-Mareike Marten
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tadhg C Ó Corcora
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jelena Rajkov
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arseny Dubin
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Roth
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
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Sanchez J, Martinez ES, Loveless B, Sees JP, Zammuto J, Szurmant H, Fuchs S, Crone P, Hostoffer R. Augmentation of immune response to vaccinations through osteopathic manipulative treatment: a study of procedure. J Osteopath Med 2024; 124:163-170. [PMID: 38011280 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anecdotal evidence suggested that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may have imparted survivability to patients in osteopathic hospitals during the 1918 influenza pandemic. In addition, previous OMT research publications throughout the past century have shown evidence of increased lymphatic movement, resulting in improved immunologic function qualitatively and quantitatively. OBJECTIVES The following is a description of a proposed protocol to evaluate OMT effects on antibody generation in the peripheral circulation in response to a vaccine and its possible use in the augmentation of various vaccines. This protocol will serve as a template for OMT vaccination studies, and by adhering to the gold standard of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), future studies utilizing this outline may contribute to the much-needed advancement of the scientific literature in this field. METHODS This manuscript intends to describe a protocol that will demonstrate increased antibody titers to a vaccine through OMT utilized in previous historical studies. Confirmation data will follow this manuscript validating the protocol. Study participants will be divided into groups with and without OMT with lymphatic pumps. Each group will receive the corresponding vaccine and have antibody titers measured against the specific vaccine pathogen drawn at determined intervals. RESULTS These results will be statistically evaluated. Our demonstration of a rational scientific OMT vaccine antibody augmentation will serve as the standard for such investigation that will be reported in the future. These vaccines could include COVID-19 mRNA, influenza, shingles, rabies, and various others. The antibody response to vaccines is the resulting conclusion of its administration. Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) lymphatic pumps have, in the past through anecdotal reports and smaller pilot studies, shown effectiveness on peripheral immune augmentation to vaccines. CONCLUSIONS This described protocol will be the template for more extensive scientific studies supporting osteopathic medicine's benefit on vaccine response. The initial vaccine studies will include the COVID-19 mRNA, influenza, shingles, and rabies vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Sanchez
- Department of Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine/Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific at Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Martinez
- Department of Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine/Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific at Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Brian Loveless
- Department of Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine/Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific at Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Julieanne P Sees
- Fellow Osteopathic Medicine, National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph Zammuto
- Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Hendrik Szurmant
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific at Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Sebastien Fuchs
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific at Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Paula Crone
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Robert Hostoffer
- University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kulski JK, Suzuki S, Shiina T, Pfaff AL, Kõks S. Regulatory SVA retrotransposons and classical HLA genotyped-transcripts associated with Parkinson's disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349030. [PMID: 38590523 PMCID: PMC10999589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and polygenic disorder characterised by the progressive loss of neural dopamine and onset of movement disorders. We previously described eight SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposon-insertion-polymorphisms (RIPs) located and expressed within the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) genomic region of chromosome 6 that modulate the differential co-expression of 71 different genes including the HLA classical class I and class II genes in a Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort. Aims and methods In the present study, we (1) reanalysed the PPMI genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data obtained from whole blood of 1521 individuals (867 cases and 654 controls) to infer the genotypes of the transcripts expressed by eight classical HLA class I and class II genes as well as DRA and the DRB3/4/5 haplotypes, and (2) examined the statistical differences between three different PD subgroups (cases) and healthy controls (HC) for the HLA and SVA transcribed genotypes and inferred haplotypes. Results Significant differences for 57 expressed HLA alleles (21 HLA class I and 36 HLA class II alleles) up to the three-field resolution and four of eight expressed SVA were detected at p<0.05 by the Fisher's exact test within one or other of three different PD subgroups (750 individuals with PD, 57 prodromes, 60 individuals who had scans without evidence of dopamine deficits [SWEDD]), when compared against a group of 654 HCs within the PPMI cohort and when not corrected by the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Fourteen of 20 significant alleles were unique to the PD-HC comparison, whereas 31 of the 57 alleles overlapped between two or more different subgroup comparisons. Only the expressed HLA-DRA*01:01:01 and -DQA1*03:01:01 protective alleles (PD v HC), the -DQA1*03:03:01 risk (HC v Prodrome) or protective allele (PD v Prodrome), the -DRA*01:01:02 and -DRB4*01:03:02 risk alleles (SWEDD v HC), and the NR_SVA_381 present genotype (PD v HC) at a 5% homozygous insertion frequency near HLA-DPA1, were significant (Pc<0.1) after Bonferroni corrections. The homologous NR_SVA_381 insertion significantly decreased the transcription levels of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 in the PPMI cohort and its presence as a homozygous genotype is a risk factor (Pc=0.012) for PD. The most frequent NR_SVA_381 insertion haplotype in the PPMI cohort was NR_SVA_381/DPA1*02/DPB1*01 (3.7%). Although HLA C*07/B*07/DRB5*01/DRB1*15/DQB1*06 was the most frequent HLA 5-loci phased-haplotype (n, 76) in the PPMI cohort, the NR_SVA_381 insertion was present in only six of them (8%). Conclusions These data suggest that expressed SVA and HLA gene alleles in circulating white blood cells are coordinated differentially in the regulation of immune responses and the long-term onset and progression of PD, the mechanisms of which have yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy K. Kulski
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health and Medical Science, Division of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Abigail L. Pfaff
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Shukla R, Soni J, Kumar A, Pandey R. Uncovering the diversity of pathogenic invaders: insights into protozoa, fungi, and worm infections. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1374438. [PMID: 38596382 PMCID: PMC11003270 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Post COVID-19, there has been renewed interest in understanding the pathogens challenging the human health and evaluate our preparedness towards dealing with health challenges in future. In this endeavour, it is not only the bacteria and the viruses, but a greater community of pathogens. Such pathogenic microorganisms, include protozoa, fungi and worms, which establish a distinct variety of disease-causing agents with the capability to impact the host's well-being as well as the equity of ecosystem. This review summarises the peculiar characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms utilized by these disease-causing organisms. It features their role in causing infection in the concerned host and emphasizes the need for further research. Understanding the layers of pathogenesis encompassing the concerned infectious microbes will help expand targeted inferences with relation to the cause of the infection. This would strengthen and augment benefit to the host's health along with the maintenance of ecosystem network, exhibiting host-pathogen interaction cycle. This would be key to discover the layers underlying differential disease severities in response to similar/same pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Shukla
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INGEN-HOPE (INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Soni
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INGEN-HOPE (INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INGEN-HOPE (INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INGEN-HOPE (INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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El Jarkass HT, Reinke AW. Pathogen evolution: Protective microbes act as a double-edged sword. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R247-R249. [PMID: 38531318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines and infection can sometimes cause incomplete immunity, which allows for pathogen re-infection with decreased disease severity but also contributes to the evolution of pathogen virulence. A new study demonstrates that incomplete immunity from resident protective microbes results in similar evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron W Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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Li M, Jiang H, Hu P, Shi J. Nanocatalytic Anti-Tumor Immune Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316606. [PMID: 38212843 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has brought a new dawn for human being to defeat cancer. Although existing immunotherapy regimens (CAR-T, etc.) have made breakthroughs in the treatments of hematological cancer and few solid tumors such as melanoma, the therapeutic efficacy on most solid tumors is still far from being satisfactory. In recent years, the researches on tumor immunotherapy based on nanocatalytic materials are under rapid development, and significant progresses have been made. Nanocatalytic medicine has been demonstrated to be capable of overcoming the limitations of current clinicnal treatments by using toxic chemodrugs, and exhibits highly attractive advantages over traditional therapies, such as the enhanced and sustained therapeutic efficacy based on the durable catalytic activity, remarkably reduced harmful side-effects without using traditional toxic chemodrugs, and so on. Most recently, nanocatalytic medicine has been introduced in the immune-regulation for disease treatments, especially, in the immunoactivation for tumor therapies. This article presents the most recent progresses in immune-response activations by nanocatalytic medicine-initiated chemical reactions for tumor immunotherapy, and elucidates the mechanism of nanocatalytic medicines in regulating anti-tumor immunity. By reviewing the current research progress in the emerging field, this review will further highlight the great potential and broad prospects of nanocatalysis-based anti-tumor immune-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Li
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P R. China
| | - Han Jiang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine, Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P R. China
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57
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Chaurasia RK, Sapra BK, Aswal DK. Interplay of immune modulation, adaptive response and hormesis: Suggestive of threshold for clinical manifestation of effects of ionizing radiation at low doses? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170178. [PMID: 38280586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures have been a subject of debate over the last three to four decades. While there has been enough evidence of "no adverse observable" health effects at low doses and low dose rates, the hypothesis of "Linear No Threshold" continues to rule and govern the principles of radiation protection and the formulation of regulations and public policies. In adopting this conservative approach, the role of the biological processes underway in the human body is kept at abeyance. This review consolidates the available studies that discuss all related biological pathways and repair mechanisms that inhibit the progression of deleterious effects at low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiation. It is pertinent that, taking cognizance of these processes, there is a need to have a relook at policies of radiation protection, which as of now are too stringent, leading to undue economic losses and negative public perception about radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - D K Aswal
- Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Rio P, Caldarelli M, Chiantore M, Ocarino F, Candelli M, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Cianci R. Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:526. [PMID: 38534370 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines has played a crucial role in preventing infections and treating chronic and non-communicable diseases, respectively. For a long time, the influence of sex differences on modifying health and disease has not been addressed in clinical and preclinical studies. The interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors plays a role in the sex-related differences in the epidemiology of diseases, clinical manifestations, and the response to treatment. Moreover, sex is one of the leading factors influencing the gut microbiota composition, which could further explain the different predisposition to diseases in men and women. In the same way, differences between sexes occur also in the immune response to vaccines. This narrative review aims to highlight these differences, focusing on the immune response to vaccines. Comparative data about immune responses, vaccine effectiveness, and side effects are reviewed. Hence, the intricate interplay between sex, immunity, and the gut microbiota will be discussed for its potential role in the response to vaccination. Embracing a sex-oriented perspective in research may improve the efficacy of the immune response and allow the design of tailored vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Rio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Caldarelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Chiantore
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ocarino
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Raven N, Klaassen M, Madsen T, Jones M, Hamilton DG, Ruiz-Aravena M, Thomas F, Hamede RK, Ujvari B. Complex associations between cancer progression and immune gene expression reveals early influence of transmissible cancer on Tasmanian devils. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1286352. [PMID: 38515744 PMCID: PMC10954821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1286352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The world's largest extant carnivorous marsupial, the Tasmanian devil, is challenged by Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD), a fatal, clonally transmitted cancer. In two decades, DFTD has spread across 95% of the species distributional range. A previous study has shown that factors such as season, geographic location, and infection with DFTD can impact the expression of immune genes in Tasmanian devils. To date, no study has investigated within-individual immune gene expression changes prior to and throughout the course of DFTD infection. To explore possible changes in immune response, we investigated four locations across Tasmania that differed in DFTD exposure history, ranging between 2 and >30 years. Our study demonstrated considerable complexity in the immune responses to DFTD. The same factors (sex, age, season, location and DFTD infection) affected immune gene expression both across and within devils, although seasonal and location specific variations were diminished in DFTD affected devils. We also found that expression of both adaptive and innate immune genes starts to alter early in DFTD infection and continues to change as DFTD progresses. A novel finding was that the lower expression of immune genes MHC-II, NKG2D and CD8 may predict susceptibility to earlier DFTD infection. A case study of a single devil with regressed tumor showed opposite/contrasting immune gene expression patterns compared to the general trends observed across devils with DFTD infection. Our study highlights the complexity of DFTD's interactions with the host immune system and the need for long-term studies to fully understand how DFTD alters the evolutionary trajectory of devil immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Raven
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Madsen
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Menna Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - David G. Hamilton
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Aravena
- Mississippi State University, Forest & Wildlife Research Center (FWRC)-Wildlife, Fisheries & Aquaculture, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Frederic Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV, CREES-MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Rodrigo K. Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Kumar S, Mishra R, Singh D. "Seven-Plus-One Model": A Move Toward Dengue Free Community. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:249-252. [PMID: 38665463 PMCID: PMC11042148 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_212_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a wide spectrum of diseases creating menace in the community. This vector-born disease alone has a significant impact on global public health and the economy. Resources need to be mobilized to tackle the situation. The present article focused on the novice concept of "Seven-Plus-One models" as an approach to dengue prevention with vector management through community participation. A multidisciplinary approach along with exemplifying effective methods of inspectorial coordination and community participation is much required. The implementation of the Seven-Plus-One model has a positive impact on reducing dengue cases, indicating acceptance and effectiveness of the concept among the public. Dengue morbidity rate can be reduced through early detection and mobilizing the community for active participation in dengue prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dharnidhar Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Alawam AS, Alwethaynani MS. Construction of an aerolysin-based multi-epitope vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila: an in silico machine learning and artificial intelligence-supported approach. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369890. [PMID: 38495891 PMCID: PMC10940347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium, can cause various infections in humans, including septic arthritis, diarrhea (traveler's diarrhea), gastroenteritis, skin and wound infections, meningitis, fulminating septicemia, enterocolitis, peritonitis, and endocarditis. It frequently occurs in aquatic environments and readily contacts humans, leading to high infection rates. This bacterium has exhibited resistance to numerous commercial antibiotics, and no vaccine has yet been developed. Aiming to combat the alarmingly high infection rate, this study utilizes in silico techniques to design a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) candidate against this bacterium based on its aerolysin toxin, which is the most toxic and highly conserved virulence factor among the Aeromonas species. After retrieval, aerolysin was processed for B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping. Once filtered for toxicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, and solubility, the chosen epitopes were combined with an adjuvant and specific linkers to create a vaccine construct. These linkers and the adjuvant enhance the MEV's ability to elicit robust immune responses. Analyses of the predicted and improved vaccine structure revealed that 75.5%, 19.8%, and 1.3% of its amino acids occupy the most favored, additional allowed, and generously allowed regions, respectively, while its ERRAT score reached nearly 70%. Docking simulations showed the MEV exhibiting the highest interaction and binding energies (-1,023.4 kcal/mol, -923.2 kcal/mol, and -988.3 kcal/mol) with TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II receptors. Further molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the docked complexes' remarkable stability and maximum interactions, i.e., uniform RMSD, fluctuated RMSF, and lowest binding net energy. In silico models also predict the vaccine will stimulate a variety of immunological pathways following administration. These analyses suggest the vaccine's efficacy in inducing robust immune responses against A. hydrophila. With high solubility and no predicted allergic responses or toxicity, it appears safe for administration in both healthy and A. hydrophila-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher S. Alwethaynani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar N, Tripathi S, Sharma N, Patiyal S, Devi NL, Raghava GPS. A method for predicting linear and conformational B-cell epitopes in an antigen from its primary sequence. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108083. [PMID: 38295479 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
B-cell is an essential component of the immune system that plays a vital role in providing the immune response against any pathogenic infection by producing antibodies. Existing methods either predict linear or conformational B-cell epitopes in an antigen. In this study, a single method was developed for predicting both types (linear/conformational) of B-cell epitopes. The dataset used in this study contains 3875 B-cell epitopes and 3996 non-B-cell epitopes, where B-cell epitopes consist of both linear and conformational B-cell epitopes. Our primary analysis indicates that certain residues (like Asp, Glu, Lys, and Asn) are more prominent in B-cell epitopes. We developed machine-learning based methods using different types of sequence composition and achieved the highest AUROC of 0.80 using dipeptide composition. In addition, models were developed on selected features, but no further improvement was observed. Our similarity-based method implemented using BLAST shows a high probability of correct prediction with poor sensitivity. Finally, we developed a hybrid model that combines alignment-free (dipeptide based random forest model) and alignment-based (BLAST-based similarity) models. Our hybrid model attained a maximum AUROC of 0.83 with an MCC of 0.49 on the independent dataset. Our hybrid model performs better than existing methods on an independent dataset used in this study. All models were trained and tested on 80 % of the data using a cross-validation technique, and the final model was evaluated on 20 % of the data, called an independent or validation dataset. A webserver and standalone package named "CLBTope" has been developed for predicting, designing, and scanning B-cell epitopes in an antigen sequence available at (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/clbtope/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Kumar
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi, 110020, India.
| | - Sadhana Tripathi
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi, 110020, India.
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi, 110020, India.
| | - Sumeet Patiyal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi, 110020, India.
| | - Naorem Leimarembi Devi
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi, 110020, India.
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi, 110020, India.
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Silver E, Argiro A, Hong K, Adler E. Gene therapy vector-related myocarditis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 398:131617. [PMID: 38030043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a technique to correct genetic abnormalities, through introduction of a functional gene or through direct genome editing. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene replacement shows promise for targeted therapies in treatment of inherited cardiomyopathies and is the most used approach in clinical trials. However, immune responses from the host to the virus and gene product pose delivery and safety challenges. This review explores the immunological reactions to AAV-based gene therapy, their potential toxic effects, with a focus on myocarditis, and future directions for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Silver
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States.
| | - Alessia Argiro
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Kimberly Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eric Adler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Suprewicz Ł, Zakrzewska M, Okła S, Głuszek K, Sadzyńska A, Deptuła P, Fiedoruk K, Bucki R. Extracellular vimentin as a modulator of the immune response and an important player during infectious diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:167-178. [PMID: 38211939 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein primarily recognized for its intracellular role in maintaining cellular structure, has recently garnered increased attention and emerged as a pivotal extracellular player in immune regulation and host-pathogen interactions. While the functions of extracellular vimentin were initially overshadowed by its cytoskeletal role, accumulating evidence now highlights its significance in diverse physiological and pathological events. This review explores the multifaceted role of extracellular vimentin in modulating immune responses and orchestrating interactions between host cells and pathogens. It delves into the mechanisms underlying vimentin's release into the extracellular milieu, elucidating its unconventional secretion pathways and identifying critical molecular triggers. In addition, the future perspectives of using extracellular vimentin in diagnostics and as a target protein in the treatment of diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głuszek
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Alicja Sadzyńska
- State Higher Vocational School of Prof. Edward F. Szczepanik in Suwałki, Suwałki, Poland
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Yang F, Zhou L, Shen Y, Wang X, Fan X, Yang L. Multi-omics approaches for drug-response characterization in primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis variant syndrome. J Transl Med 2024; 22:214. [PMID: 38424613 PMCID: PMC10902991 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) variant syndrome (VS) exhibit a complex overlap of AIH features with PBC, leading to poorer prognoses than those with PBC or AIH alone. The biomarkers associated with drug response and potential molecular mechanisms in this syndrome have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Whole-transcriptome sequencing was employed to discern differentially expressed (DE) RNAs within good responders (GR) and poor responders (PR) among patients with PBC/AIH VS. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted for the identified DE RNAs. Plasma metabolomics was employed to delineate the metabolic profiles distinguishing PR and GR groups. The quantification of immune cell profiles and associated cytokines was achieved through flow cytometry and immunoassay technology. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to construct a predictive model for insufficient biochemical response. The performance of the model was assessed by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity. FINDINGS The analysis identified 224 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 189 DE long non-coding RNAs, 39 DE circular RNAs, and 63 DE microRNAs. Functional pathway analysis revealed enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways and immune response. Metabolomics disclosed dysregulated lipid metabolism and identified PC (18:2/18:2) and PC (16:0/20:3) as predictors. CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, including Th2 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), were upregulated in the GR group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-9, and IL-17) were downregulated in the GR group, while anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-22) were elevated. Regulatory networks were constructed, identifying CACNA1H and ACAA1 as target genes. A predictive model based on these indicators demonstrated an AUC of 0.986 in the primary cohort and an AUC of 0.940 in the validation cohort for predicting complete biochemical response. CONCLUSION A combined model integrating genomic, metabolic, and cytokinomic features demonstrated high accuracy in predicting insufficient biochemical response in patients with PBC/AIH VS. Early recognition of individuals at elevated risk for insufficient response allows for the prompt initiation of additional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Leyu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianglin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Dhanyamraju PK. Drug resistance mechanisms in cancers: Execution of pro-survival strategies. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:95-121. [PMID: 38413011 PMCID: PMC11001593 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the quintessential challenges in cancer treatment is drug resistance. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have been described to date, and new modes of drug resistance continue to be discovered. The phenomenon of cancer drug resistance is now widespread, with approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths associated with drug resistance. Despite significant advances in the drug discovery process, the emergence of innate and acquired mechanisms of drug resistance has impeded the progress in cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and the various pathways involved is integral to treatment modalities. In the present review, I discuss the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer cells, including DNA damage repair, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, inhibition of cell death, alteration of drug targets, inactivation of drugs, deregulation of cellular energetics, immune evasion, tumor-promoting inflammation, genome instability, and other contributing epigenetic factors. Furthermore, I highlight available treatment options and conclude with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Fels Cancer Institute of Personalized Medicine, Lewis-Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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67
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Marzouka NAD, Alnaqbi H, Al-Aamri A, Tay G, Alsafar H. Investigating the genetic makeup of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the United Arab Emirates population through next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3392. [PMID: 38337023 PMCID: PMC10858242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are central to immune response and have associations with the phenotypes of various diseases and induced drug toxicity. Further, the role of HLA molecules in presenting antigens significantly affects the transplantation outcome. The objective of this study was to examine the extent of the diversity of HLA alleles in the population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using Next-Generation Sequencing methodologies and encompassing a larger cohort of individuals. A cohort of 570 unrelated healthy citizens of the UAE volunteered to provide samples for Whole Genome Sequencing and Whole Exome Sequencing. The definition of the HLA alleles was achieved through the application of the bioinformatics tools, HLA-LA and xHLA. Subsequently, the findings from this study were compared with other local and international datasets. A broad range of HLA alleles in the UAE population, of which some were previously unreported, was identified. A comparison with other populations confirmed the current population's unique intertwined genetic heritage while highlighting similarities with populations from the Middle East region. Some disease-associated HLA alleles were detected at a frequency of > 5%, such as HLA-B*51:01, HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*15:01, and HLA-DQB1*02:01. The increase in allele homozygosity, especially for HLA class I genes, was identified in samples with a higher level of genome-wide homozygosity. This highlights a possible effect of consanguinity on the HLA homozygosity. The HLA allele distribution in the UAE population showcases a unique profile, underscoring the need for tailored databases for traditional activities such as unrelated transplant matching and for newer initiatives in precision medicine based on specific populations. This research is part of a concerted effort to improve the knowledge base, particularly in the fields of transplant medicine and investigating disease associations as well as in understanding human migration patterns within the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Al Dain Marzouka
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Halima Alnaqbi
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amira Al-Aamri
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan Tay
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Xu S, Wu Z, Chen H. Construction and evaluation of immune-related diagnostic model in patients with heart failure caused by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38321374 PMCID: PMC10845749 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to construct the potential diagnostic model of immune-related genes during the development of heart failure caused by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHOD GSE5406 and GSE57338 were downloaded from the GEO website ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ). CIBERSORT was used for the evaluation of immune infiltration in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of GSE5406. Differently expressed genes were calculated by the limma R package and visualized by the volcano plot. The immune-related genes were downloaded from Immport, TISIDB, and InnateDB. Then the immune-related differential genes (IRDGs) were acquired from the intersection. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and Cytoscape were used to visualize the hub genes. Three machine learning methods such as random forest, logical regression, and elastic network regression model were adopted to construct the prediction model. The diagnostic value was also validated in GSE57338. RESULTS Our study demonstrated the obvious different ratio of T cell CD4 memory activated, T cell regulatory Tregs, and neutrophils between DCM and control donors. As many as 2139 differential genes and 274 immune-related different genes were identified. These genes were mainly enriched in lipid and atherosclerosis, human cytomegalovirus infection, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. At the same time, as many as fifteen hub genes were identified as the IRDGs (IFITM3, IFITM2, IFITM1, IFIT3, IFIT1, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, ADAR, STAT1, SAMHD1, RSAD2, MX1, ISG20, IRF2). Moreover, we also discovered that the elastic network and logistic regression models had a higher diagnostic value than that of random forest models based on these hub genes. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the pivotal role of immune function during the development of heart failure caused by DCM. This study may offer new opportunities for the detection and intervention of immune-related DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tong Ji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tong Ji Medica College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Zhaogui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Haihua Chen
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Vukojević K, Šoljić V, Martinović V, Raguž F, Filipović N. The Ubiquitin-Associated and SH3 Domain-Containing Proteins (UBASH3) Family in Mammalian Development and Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1932. [PMID: 38339213 PMCID: PMC10855836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
UBASH3A and UBASH3B are protein families of atypical protein tyrosine phosphatases that function as regulators of various cellular processes during mammalian development. As UBASH3A has only mild phosphatase activity, its regulatory effects are based on the phosphatase-independent mechanisms. On the contrary, UBASH3B has strong phosphatase activity, and the suppression of its receptor signalling is mediated by Syk and Zap-70 kinases. The regulatory functions of UBASH3A and UBASH3B are particularly evident in the lymphoid tissues and kidney development. These tyrosine phosphatases are also known to play key roles in autoimmunity and neoplasms. However, their involvement in mammalian development and its regulatory functions are largely unknown and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Violeta Šoljić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vlatka Martinović
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Fila Raguž
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Legaz I, Navarro-Noguera E, Collados-Ros A, Bolarín JM, Muro M. Biomarkers of Innate Immunity and Immunological Susceptibility to Viral Infection in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:336. [PMID: 38397937 PMCID: PMC10887413 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harmful effect of alcohol on the immune system may be due to both a direct action of the alcohol or its metabolites on immune cells as an indirect action modifying the different mechanisms of intercellular interaction. The interplay between stimulatory (aKIR) and inhibitory (iKIR) natural killer (NK) cell receptors and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands influences the outcome of virus infection. The aim was to analyze the influence of the KIR/HLA pair genetic profile in male alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) patients with and without viral infections to find susceptibility biomarkers that can help establish the risks and prevent viral infections. METHODS A total of 281 male AC patients were analyzed. The sociodemographic characteristics, viral hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted, and genetic the KIR/HLA profiles were investigated. A total of 6 KIR genes and their corresponding ligands (HLA-C) were analyzed. Patients were grouped into two groups: with and without associated viral infection. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in the combination of KIR2DL2+/C1C1 was observed in male AC patients with viral infection compared to those without viral infection (45.9% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.021). The analysis of KIR2DL3+/C1+ showed a high frequency comparing healthy controls and male AC patients without virus infection (85% vs. 76.4%; p = 0.026). The analysis of KIR2DL3+/C2C2 frequency showed a statistically significant increase comparing male AC patients without viral infection and healthy controls (23.6% vs. 15%; p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The genetic KIR2DL2+/C2C2 profiles may play a significant role in determining the vulnerability of male AC patients to viral infections, providing valuable insights for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia (UMU), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Noguera
- Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelia Collados-Ros
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia (UMU), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Bolarín
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia (UMU), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”—IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Ramos‐Martinez E, García‐Vazquez FJ, Falfán‐Valencia R, Rojas‐Serrano J, Alfaro‐Cruz A, Pérez‐Villaseñor M, Aristi‐Urista G, Pérez‐Hernández J, López‐Vancell R, Velasco‐Medina A, Velázquez‐Sámano G. The type 2 inflammatory response favors recognition of tumor antigens by IgE in breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2002. [PMID: 38389406 PMCID: PMC10884619 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies describe an inverse statistical relationship between the presence of an allergy and development of cancer. However, the immunological mechanism involved in the relationship between these two degenerative diseases has not been explored. AIMS The main objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the lymphocyte T helper (Th) 2 response, a characteristic of allergy, induces recognition of tumor antigens. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with a clinical diagnosis of breast ductal carcinoma were included. Histopathological markers related to proliferation of tumor cells were determined (Her-2-neu, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor). IHC was performed using IgE antibodies purified from an allergy patient and from each biopsy donor patient. Serum concentrations of cytokines representative of Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses were determined. A total of 14 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast ductal carcinoma were included. IHC performed on biopsies showed a weak response when using purified IgE antibodies from an allergy patient; however, IHC using the IgE of each patient as the primary antibody showed an intense and highly specific signal. Serum concentrations of cytokines of the Th2 response, that is, IL-4 (130.5 pg/mL (116-135 pg/mL)), IL-5 (202 pg/mL (191-213 pg/mL)), and IL-13 (105.5 pg/mL (98-117 pg/mL)), were significantly higher than those of the Th1 response, that is, IL-6 (86 pg/mL (79-90 pg/mL)) and INF-γ (93 pg/mL (79-99 pg/mL)). CONCLUSION Purified IgE antibodies specifically recognize tumor cells in breast ductal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espiridión Ramos‐Martinez
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico cityMexico
| | - Francisco Javier García‐Vazquez
- Departamento de Análisis Clínicos y Estudios EspecialesInstituto Nacional de Pediatría, Laboratorio de Inmunogenética MolecularMexico cityMexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán‐Valencia
- HLA LaboratoryInstituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío VillegasMexico cityMexico
| | - Jorge Rojas‐Serrano
- Unidad de Enfermedades del Intersticio Pulmonar y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, “Ismael Cosío Villegas”Mexico cityMexico
| | - Ana Alfaro‐Cruz
- Patología Quirúrgica, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico CityMexico
| | | | - Gerardo Aristi‐Urista
- Patología Quirúrgica, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico CityMexico
| | - Jesús Pérez‐Hernández
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico cityMexico
| | - Rosario López‐Vancell
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico cityMexico
| | - Andrea Velasco‐Medina
- Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico CityMexico
| | - Guillermo Velázquez‐Sámano
- Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico CityMexico
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73
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Ma JQ, Dong AB, Xia HY, Wen SY. Preparation methods, structural characteristics, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129106. [PMID: 38161010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus (P. grandiflorus), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used for both medicine and food, has a long history of treating respiratory infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, and other lung-related diseases. The therapeutic effects of P. grandiflorus are attributed to its chemical components, including polysaccharides. Among these components, Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides (PGP) are recognized as one of the most important and abundant active ingredients, exhibiting various biological activities such as prebiotic, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antiangiogenic, and immune regulatory properties. Incorporating the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, carrier concepts, and modern targeted drug delivery technologies, PGP can influence the target sites and therapeutic effects of other drugs while also serving as a drug carrier for targeted and precise treatments. Therefore, it is essential to provide a comprehensive review of the extraction, separation, purification, physicochemical properties, and biological activities of PGP. In the future, by integrating new concepts, technologies, and processes, further references and guidance can be provided for the comprehensive development of PGP. This will contribute to the advancement of P. grandiflorus in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, health products, and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiong Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030606, China
| | - Ao-Bo Dong
- Third Hospital of Baotou City, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xia
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030606, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030606, China.
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74
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Zhao J, Han X, Li H, Luo Y, Fang Y, Wang Y, Gao J, Zhao Y, Han J, Qian F. Analysis of the Immune Response by Standardized Whole-Blood Stimulation with Metabolism Modulation. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:81-89. [PMID: 38605904 PMCID: PMC11003932 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The immune system defends the body from infection and plays a vital role in a wide range of health conditions. Metabolism affects a series of physiological processes, including those linked to the function of human immune system. Cellular metabolism modulates immune cell activation and cytokine production. Understanding the relationship between metabolism and immune response has important implications for the development of immune-based therapeutics. However, the deployment of large-scale functional assays to investigate the metabolic regulation of immune response has been limited by the lack of standardized procedures. Here, we present a protocol for the analysis of immune response using standardized whole-blood stimulation with metabolism modulation. Diverse immune stimuli including pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands and microbial stimuli were incubated with fresh human whole blood. The metabolic inhibitors were used to modulate metabolic status in the immune cells. The variable immune responses after metabolic interventions were evaluated. We described in detail the main steps involved in the whole-blood stimulation and cytokines quantification, namely, collection and treatment of whole blood, preparation of samples and controls, cytokines detection, and stimulation with metabolic interventions. The metabolic inhibitors for anabolic pathways and catabolic pathways exert selective effects on the production of cytokines from immune cells. In addition to a robust and accurate assessment of immune response in cohort studies, the standardized whole-blood stimulation with metabolic regulation might provide new insights for modulating immunity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00114-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xuling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Helian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yali Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingxuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Feng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute of Immunophenome, International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai), Shanghai, 200433 China
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75
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Sathish G, Monavarshini LK, Sundaram K, Subramanian S, Kannayiram G. Immunotherapy for lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155104. [PMID: 38244436 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers have transformed non-small-cell lung cancer treatment, but they can lead to autoimmune and inflammatory side effects, leading to the concurrent use of immunosuppressive treatments. In this analysis, we delve into the potential of antibodies checkpoint blockade, focusing on CTLA-4 inhibition using ipilimumab, as a groundbreaking cancer immunotherapy. We also concentrate on the role of biomarkers, particularly PD-L1 activity and mutation significance, in predicting the response to programmed cell death protein 1 blockage and the prevalence of side effects associated with immune-related side effects. In describing the patterns of cancer response to immunotherapy, we underline the limitations of response assessment criteria like RECIST and World Health Organization. We also stress the necessity of ongoing studies and clinical trials, standardized guidelines, and additional research to improve response assessment in the era of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girshani Sathish
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
| | - L K Monavarshini
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Keerthi Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Sendilvelan Subramanian
- Deparment of Mechanical Engineering, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Gomathi Kannayiram
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India.
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76
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Xiao P, Han X, Huang Y, Yang J, Chen L, Cai Z, Hu N, Cui W, Huang W. Reprogramming macrophages via immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres for osteoarthritis treatments. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:242-259. [PMID: 37869722 PMCID: PMC10589729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating macrophage activation precisely is crucial in treating chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the stable pro-inflammatory state and deep distribution of macrophages in vivo pose a great challenge to treatment. In this study, inspired by the innate immune, immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres were constructed by microfluidic methods and load chemokines, macrophage antibodies and engineered cell membrane vesicles (sEVs) via covalent and non-covalent junctions. The immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres, based on a mixture of streptavidin grafted hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA-SA) and Chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (ChSMA) microspheres (HCM), can recruit, capture and reprogram proinflammatory macrophages in the joint cavity to improve the joint inflammatory microenvironment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres had excellent macrophage recruitment, capture, and reprogramming abilities. Pro-inflammatory macrophages can be transformed into anti-inflammatory macrophages with an efficiency of 88.5 %. Animal experiments also revealed significant reduction in synovial inflammation and cartilage matrix degradation of OA. Therefore, the immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres may be an effective treatment of OA inflammation for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
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Pethő B, Kovács MÁ, Simon D, Tóth T, Hajnal AS, Csulak T, Hebling D, Albert N, Varga E, Herold M, Osváth P, Vörös V, Tényi T, Herold R. Investigation of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in association with suicide risk in major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1321354. [PMID: 38347880 PMCID: PMC10859515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1321354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide is the most severe complication of major depressive disorder (MDD). Novel research assumes the role of immunological dysregulation in the background - several studies have reported alterations in the number of inflammatory cells related to both MDD and suicidality. There are currently no objective, routinely measured parameters to indicate suicidal vulnerability. However, altered inflammatory cell numbers and ratios have been proposed as potential biomarkers of suicide risk (SR). The present research aims to examine changes of these values related to increased SR in MDD as an assumed inflammatory state. We investigated laboratory parameters of psychiatric in-patients diagnosed with MDD (n = 101) retrospectively. Individuals with recent suicide attempt (SA) (n = 22) and with past SA (n = 19) represented the high SR group. MDD patients with no history of SA (n = 60) composed the intermediate SR group. We compared the number of neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Furthermore, we evaluated alterations of these parameters related to antidepressant (AD) and antipsychotic (AP) treatment, which have been proved to have anti-inflammatory effects. We found a significant increase in neutrophil granulocyte count, NLR, monocyte count, MLR, WBC and ESR in patients with recent SA compared to patients with no history of SA. Moreover, there was a significant elevation in monocyte count, MLR, ESR and RDW in patients with high SR compared to patients with intermediate SR. AD treatment resulted in a significant decrease in neutrophil granulocyte count and NLR, however, it did not affect monocyte count and MLR. Assuming immunological mechanisms in the background of MDD and suicidality, our findings support the role of NLR as a biomarker of acute SR, though its alterations may be masked by possible anti-inflammatory effects of AD treatment in the long term. However, MLR, a marker exhibiting changes which are not attenuated by pharmacotherapy, may be a possible indicator of both acute and long-term suicidal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Pethő
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márton Áron Kovács
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tóth
- Department of Anatomy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Sándor Hajnal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Csulak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dóra Hebling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Noémi Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Varga
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márton Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Osváth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktor Vörös
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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78
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Kaes J, Pollenus E, Hooft C, Liu H, Aelbrecht C, Cambier S, Jin X, Van Slambrouck J, Beeckmans H, Kerckhof P, Velde GV, Van Raemdonck D, Yildirim AÖ, Van den Steen PE, Vos R, Ceulemans LJ, Vanaudenaerde BM. The Immunopathology of Pulmonary Rejection after Murine Lung Transplantation. Cells 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38334633 PMCID: PMC10854916 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To improve outcomes following lung transplantation, it is essential to understand the immunological mechanisms that result in chronic graft failure. The associated clinical syndrome is termed chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), which is known to be induced by alloimmune-dependent (i.e., rejection) and alloimmune-independent factors (e.g., infections, reflux and environmental factors). We aimed to explore the alloimmune-related mechanism, i.e., pulmonary rejection. In this study, we use a murine orthotopic left lung transplant model using isografts and allografts (C57BL/6 or BALB/c as donors to C57BL/6 recipients), with daily immunosuppression (10 mg/kg cyclosporin A and 1.6 mg/kg methylprednisolone). Serial sacrifice was performed at days 1, 7 and 35 post-transplantation (n = 6 at each time point for each group). Left transplanted lungs were harvested, a single-cell suspension was made and absolute numbers of immune cells were quantified using multicolor flow cytometry. The rejection process followed the principles of a classic immune response, including innate but mainly adaptive immune cells. At day 7 following transplantation, the numbers of interstitial macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, NKT cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T and B cells were increased in allografts compared with isografts. Only dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells remained elevated at day 35 in allografts. Our study provides insights into the immunological mechanisms of true pulmonary rejection after murine lung transplantation. These results might be important in further research on diagnostic evaluation and treatment for CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Kaes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
| | - Emilie Pollenus
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.P.)
| | - Charlotte Hooft
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
| | - Hengshuo Liu
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 85764 Munich, Germany (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Celine Aelbrecht
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
| | - Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
| | - Jan Van Slambrouck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
| | - Hanne Beeckmans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
| | - Pieterjan Kerckhof
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Raemdonck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 85764 Munich, Germany (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Philippe E. Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.P.)
| | - Robin Vos
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens J. Ceulemans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M. Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.K.)
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DeAnglis IK, Andrews BR, Lock LR, Dyer KE, Yang A, Volokhov DV, Fenton MB, Simmons NB, Downs CJ, Becker DJ. Bat cellular immunity varies by year and dietary habit amidst land conversion. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coad102. [PMID: 38293641 PMCID: PMC10823333 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring the health of wildlife populations is essential in the face of increased agricultural expansion and forest fragmentation. Loss of habitat and habitat degradation can negatively affect an animal's physiological state, possibly resulting in immunosuppression and increased morbidity or mortality. We sought to determine how land conversion may differentially impact cellular immunity and infection risk in Neotropical bats species regularly infected with bloodborne pathogens, and to evaluate how effects may vary over time and by dietary habit. We studied common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus), northern yellow-shouldered bats (Sturnira parvidens) and Mesoamerican mustached bats (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), representing the dietary habits of sanguivory, frugivory and insectivory respectively, in northern Belize. We compared estimated total white blood cell count, leukocyte differentials, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and infection status with two bloodborne bacterial pathogens (Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas) of 118 bats captured in a broadleaf, secondary forest over three years (2017-2019). During this period, tree cover decreased by 14.5% while rangeland expanded by 14.3%, indicating increasing habitat loss and fragmentation. We found evidence for bat species-specific responses of cellular immunity between years, with neutrophil counts significantly decreasing in S. parvidens from 2017 to 2018, but marginally increasing in D. rotundus. However, the odds of infection with Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas between 2017 and 2019 did not differ between bat species, contrary to our prediction that pathogen prevalence may increase with land conversion. We conclude that each bat species invested differently in cellular immunity in ways that changed over years of increasing habitat loss and fragmentation. We recommend further research on the interactions between land conversion, immunity and infection across dietary habits of Neotropical bats for informed management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella K DeAnglis
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Benjamin R Andrews
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Lauren R Lock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kristin E Dyer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Anni Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Dmitriy V Volokhov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - M Brock Fenton
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Cynthia J Downs
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel J Becker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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80
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Alvarez S, Vanasco V, Adán Areán JS, Magnani N, Evelson P. Mitochondrial Mechanisms in Immunity and Inflammatory Conditions: Beyond Energy Management. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38062738 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Significance: The growing importance of mitochondria in the immune response and inflammation is multifaceted. Unraveling the different mechanisms by which mitochondria have a relevant role in the inflammatory response beyond the energy management of the process is necessary for improving our understanding of the host immune defense and the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and syndromes. Critical Issues: Mitochondria are relevant in the immune response at different levels, including releasing activation molecules, changing its structure and function to accompany the immune response, and serving as a structural base for activating intermediates as NLRP3 inflammasome. In this scientific journey of dissecting mitochondrial mechanisms, new questions and interesting aspects arise, such as the involvement of mitochondrial-derived vesicles in the immune response with the putative role of preventing uncontrolled situations. Recent Advances: Researchers are continuously rethinking the role of mitochondria in acute and chronic inflammation and related disorders. As such, mitochondria have important roles as centrally positioned signaling hubs in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. In this review, we present the current understanding of mitochondrial mechanisms involved, beyond the largely known mitochondrial dysfunction, in the onset and development of inflammatory situations. Future Directions: Mitochondria emerge as an interesting and multifaceted platform for studying and developing pharmaceutical and therapeutic approaches. There are many ongoing studies aimed to describe the effects of specific mitochondrial targeted molecules and treatments to ameliorate the consequences of exacerbated inflammatory components of pathologies and syndromes, resulting in an open area of increasing research interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Fisicoquímica, CABA, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
| | - Virginia Vanasco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Fisicoquímica, CABA, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
| | - Juan Santiago Adán Areán
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Fisicoquímica, CABA, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
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Gaspar D, Ginja C, Carolino N, Leão C, Monteiro H, Tábuas L, Branco S, Padre L, Caetano P, Romão R, Matos C, Ramos AM, Bettencourt E, Usié A. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic variants underlying footrot in Portuguese Merino sheep. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:100. [PMID: 38262937 PMCID: PMC10804546 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovine footrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) is a contagious disease with serious economic and welfare impacts in sheep production systems worldwide. A better understanding of the host genetic architecture regarding footrot resistance/susceptibility is crucial to develop disease control strategies that efficiently reduce infection and its severity. A genome-wide association study was performed using a customized SNP array (47,779 SNPs in total) to identify genetic variants associated to footrot resistance/susceptibility in two Portuguese native breeds, i.e. Merino Branco and Merino Preto, and a population of crossbred animals. A cohort of 1375 sheep sampled across 17 flocks, located in the Alentejo region (southern Portugal), was included in the analyses. RESULTS Phenotypes were scored from 0 (healthy) to 5 (severe footrot) based on visual inspection of feet lesions, following the Modified Egerton System. Using a linear mixed model approach, three SNPs located on chromosome 24 reached genome-wide significance after a Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). Additionally, six genome-wide suggestive SNPs were identified each on chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 15. The annotation and KEGG pathway analyses showed that these SNPs are located within regions of candidate genes such as the nonsense mediated mRNA decay associated PI3K related kinase (SMG1) (chromosome 24) and the RALY RNA binding protein like (RALYL) (chromosome 9), both involved in immunity, and the heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) (chromosome 2) and the Thrombospodin 1 (THBS1) (chromosome 7) implicated in tissue repair and wound healing processes. CONCLUSION This is the first attempt to identify molecular markers associated with footrot in Portuguese Merino sheep. These findings provide relevant information on a likely genetic association underlying footrot resistance/susceptibility and the potential candidate genes affecting this trait. Genetic selection strategies assisted on the information obtained from this study could enhance Merino sheep-breeding programs, in combination with farm management strategies, for a more effective and sustainable long-term solution for footrot control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gaspar
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola E Agro-Alimentar Do Alentejo (CEBAL)/ Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus do Varão, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ginja
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus do Varão, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Carolino
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Avenida da República, Quinta Do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, 3020-210, Lordemão, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Leão
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola E Agro-Alimentar Do Alentejo (CEBAL)/ Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Avenida da República, Quinta Do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, CEBAL - Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo, 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sandra Branco
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências E Tecnologia, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ludovina Padre
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Pedro Caetano
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Romão
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - António Marcos Ramos
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola E Agro-Alimentar Do Alentejo (CEBAL)/ Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, CEBAL - Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo, 7801-908, Beja, Portugal
| | - Elisa Bettencourt
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Usié
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola E Agro-Alimentar Do Alentejo (CEBAL)/ Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908, Beja, Portugal.
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, CEBAL - Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo, 7801-908, Beja, Portugal.
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Mehta P, Swaminathan A, Yadav A, Chattopadhyay P, Shamim U, Pandey R. Integrative genomics important to understand host-pathogen interactions. Brief Funct Genomics 2024; 23:1-14. [PMID: 35909219 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Causative pathogenic microbes readily mutate their genome and lead to outbreaks, challenging the healthcare and the medical support. Understanding how certain symptoms manifest clinically is integral for therapeutic decisions and vaccination efficacy/protection. Notably, the interaction between infecting pathogens, host response and co-presence of microbes influence the trajectories of disease progression and clinical outcome. The spectrum of observed symptomatic patients (mild, moderate and severe) and the asymptomatic infections highlight the challenges and the potential for understanding the factors driving protection/susceptibility. With the increasing repertoire of high-throughput tools, such as cutting-edge multi-omics profiling and next-generation sequencing, genetic drivers of factors linked to heterogeneous disease presentations can be investigated in tandem. However, such strategies are not without limits in terms of effectively integrating host-pathogen interactions. Nonetheless, an integrative genomics method (for example, RNA sequencing data) for exploring multiple layers of complexity in host-pathogen interactions could be another way to incorporate findings from high-throughput data. We further propose that a Holo-transcriptome-based technique to capture transcriptionally active microbial units can be used to elucidate functional microbiomes. Thus, we provide holistic perspective on investigative methodologies that can harness the same genomic data to investigate multiple seemingly independent but deeply interconnected functional domains of host-pathogen interaction that modulate disease severity and clinical outcomes.
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83
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Khanam A, Alouffi S, Alyahyawi AR, Husain A, Khan S, Alharazi T, Akasha R, Khan H, Shahab U, Ahmad S. Generation of autoantibodies against glycated fibrinogen: Role in diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Anal Biochem 2024; 685:115393. [PMID: 37977213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of glycation, characterized by the non-enzymatic reaction between sugars and free amino groups on biomolecules, is a key contributor to the development and progression of both microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes, particularly due to persistent hyperglycemia. This glycation process gives rise to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which play a central role in the pathophysiology of diabetes complications, including nephropathy. The d-ribose-mediated glycation of fibrinogen plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetes nephropathy (DN) and retinopathy (DR) by the generation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycated fibrinogen with d-ribose (Rb-gly-Fb) induces structural changes that trigger an autoimmune response by generating and exposing neoepitopes on fibrinogen molecules. The present research is designed to investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies against Rb-gly-Fb in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), DN & DR. Direct binding ELISA was used to test the binding affinity of autoantibodies from patients' sera against Rb-gly-Fb and competitive ELISA was used to confirm the direct binding findings by checking the bindings of isolated IgG against Rb-gly-Fb and its native conformer. In comparison to healthy subjects, 32% of T2DM, 67% of DN and 57.85% of DR patients' samples demonstrated a strong binding affinity towards Rb-gly-Fb. Both native and Rb-gly-Fb binding by healthy subjects (HS) sera were non-significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the early, intermediate, and end products of glycation have been assessed through biochemical and physicochemical analysis. The biochemical markers in the patient groups were also significant (p < 0.05) in comparison to the HS group. This study not only establishes the prevalence of autoantibodies against d-ribose glycated fibrinogen in DN but also highlights the potential of glycated fibrinogen as a biomarker for the detection of DN and/or DR. These insights may open new avenues for research into novel therapeutic strategies and the prevention of diabetes-related nephropathy and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Khanam
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, 202146, India
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad R Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Arbab Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, 202146, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alharazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamda Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia.
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Wei L, Dong C, Zhu W, Wang BZ. mRNA Vaccine Nanoplatforms and Innate Immunity. Viruses 2024; 16:120. [PMID: 38257820 PMCID: PMC10820759 DOI: 10.3390/v16010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccine technology has been significantly developed and enhanced, particularly highlighted by the authorization of mRNA vaccines for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Various biomaterials are developed in nano-scales and applied as mRNA vaccine delivery platforms. However, how these mRNA nanoplatforms influence immune responses has not been thoroughly studied. Hence, we have reviewed the current understanding of various mRNA vaccine platforms. We discussed the possible pathways through which these platforms moderate the host's innate immunity and contribute to the development of adaptive immunity. We shed light on their development in reducing biotoxicity and enhancing antigen delivery efficiency. Beyond the built-in adjuvanticity of mRNA vaccines, we propose that supplementary adjuvants may be required to fine-tune and precisely control innate immunity and subsequent adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (L.W.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
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85
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Padovani CM, Yin K. Immunosuppression in Sepsis: Biomarkers and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators. Biomedicines 2024; 12:175. [PMID: 38255280 PMCID: PMC10813323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe infection can lead to sepsis. In sepsis, the host mounts an inappropriately large inflammatory response in an attempt to clear the invading pathogen. This sustained high level of inflammation may cause tissue injury and organ failure. Later in sepsis, a paradoxical immunosuppression occurs, where the host is unable to clear the preexisting infection and is susceptible to secondary infections. A major issue with sepsis treatment is that it is difficult for physicians to ascertain which stage of sepsis the patient is in. Sepsis treatment will depend on the patient's immune status across the spectrum of the disease, and these immune statuses are nearly polar opposites in the early and late stages of sepsis. Furthermore, there is no approved treatment that can resolve inflammation without contributing to immunosuppression within the host. Here, we review the major mechanisms of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and the biomarkers of the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis. We focused on reviewing three main mechanisms of immunosuppression in sepsis. These are lymphocyte apoptosis, monocyte/macrophage exhaustion, and increased migration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The biomarkers of septic immunosuppression that we discuss include increased MDSC production/migration and IL-10 levels, decreased lymphocyte counts and HLA-DR expression, and increased GPR18 expression. We also review the literature on the use of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in different models of infection and/or sepsis, as these compounds have been reported to resolve inflammation without being immunosuppressive. To obtain the necessary information, we searched the PubMed database using the keywords sepsis, lymphocyte apoptosis, macrophage exhaustion, MDSCs, biomarkers, and SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Padovani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virtua Health College of Life Sciences of Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA;
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Heggi MT, Nour El-Din HT, Morsy DI, Abdelaziz NI, Attia AS. Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving story. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1281096. [PMID: 38239357 PMCID: PMC10794618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a fundamental part of the innate immune system that plays a key role in the battle of the human body against invading pathogens. Through its three pathways, represented by the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways, the complement system forms a tightly regulated network of soluble proteins, membrane-expressed receptors, and regulators with versatile protective and killing mechanisms. However, ingenious pathogens have developed strategies over the years to protect themselves from this complex part of the immune system. This review briefly discusses the sequence of the complement activation pathways. Then, we present a comprehensive updated overview of how the major four pathogenic groups, namely, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, control, modulate, and block the complement attacks at different steps of the complement cascade. We shed more light on the ability of those pathogens to deploy more than one mechanism to tackle the complement system in their path to establish infection within the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam T. Heggi
- Clinical Pharmacy Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanzada T. Nour El-Din
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed S. Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Fu L, Guan L, Yang J, Ren J, Liu F, Li X, Ma X, Li Y, Cai H. Prognostic value and immunological role of PD-L1 gene in pan-cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38166842 PMCID: PMC10763229 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PD-L1, a target of immune checkpoint blockade, has been proven to take the role of an oncogene in most human tumors. However, the role of PD-L1 in human pan-cancers has not yet been fully investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pan-cancer analysis was conducted to analyze expression, genetic alterations, prognosis analysis, and immunological characteristics of PD-L1. Estimating the correlation between PD-L1 expression and survival involved using pooled odds ratios and hazard ratios with 95% CI. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) technique, COX analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to the survival analysis. Additionally, we investigated the relationships between PD-L1 and microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the associated genes of mismatch repair (MMR), and immune checkpoint biomarkers using Spearman's correlation analysis. Also, immunohistochemical analysis and qRT-PCR were employed in evaluating PD-L1's protein and mRNA expression in pan-caner. RESULTS PD-L1 showed abnormal mRNA and protein expression in a variety of cancers and predicted prognosis in cancer patients. Furthermore, across a variety of cancer types, the aberrant PD-L1 expression was connected to the MSI, MMR, TMB, drug sensitivity, and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Moreover, PD-L1 was significantly correlated with infiltrating levels of immune cells (T cell CD8 + , neutrophil, and so on). CONCLUSION Our study provides a better theoretical basis and guidance for the clinical treatment of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, 730000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Liangyin Fu
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ling Guan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jingyao Ren
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xuhui Ma
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Hui Cai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, 730000, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Vashishtha VM, Kumar P. The durability of vaccine-induced protection: an overview. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:389-408. [PMID: 38488132 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2331065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current vaccines vary widely in both their efficacy against infection and disease, and the durability of the efficacy. Some vaccines provide practically lifelong protection with a single dose, while others provide only limited protection following annual boosters. What variables make vaccine-induced immune responses last? Can breakthroughs in these factors and technologies help us produce vaccines with better protection and fewer doses? The durability of vaccine-induced protection is now a hot area in vaccinology research, especially after COVID-19 vaccines lost their luster. It has fueled discussion on the eventual utility of existing vaccines to society and bolstered the anti-vaxxer camp. To sustain public trust in vaccines, lasting vaccines must be developed. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes licensed vaccines' protection. It analyses immunological principles and vaccine and vaccinee parameters that determine longevity of antibodies. The review concludes with challenges and the way forward to improve vaccine durability. EXPERT OPINION Despite enormous advances, we still lack essential markers and reliable correlates of lasting protection. Most research has focused on humoral immune responses, but we must also focus on innate, mucosal, and cellular responses - their assessment, correlates, determinants, and novel adjuvants. Suitable vaccine designs and platforms for durable immunity must be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin M Vashishtha
- Department of Pediatrics, Mangla Hospital & Research Center, Shakti Chowk, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pediatrician, Kumar Child Clinic, New Delhi, India
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Ito S, Koshino A, Komura M, Kato S, Otani T, Wang C, Ueki A, Takahashi H, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Tsuzuki T, Kasai K, Kasugai K, Takiguchi S, Takahashi S, Inaguma S. Characterization of colorectal cancer by hierarchical clustering analyses of five immune cell markers. Pathol Int 2024; 74:13-25. [PMID: 38050808 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzed the expression of five independent immunohistochemical markers, CD4, CD8, CD66b, CD68, and CD163, on immune cells within the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment (TME). Using hierarchical clustering, patients were successfully classified according to significant associations with clinicopathological features and/or survival. Patients with mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) CRC were categorized into four groups with survival differences (p = 0.0084): CD4Low , CD4High , MΦHigh , and CD8Low . MΦHigh tumors showed significantly higher expression of CD47 (p < 0.0001), a phagocytosis checkpoint molecule. These tumors contained significantly greater numbers of PD-1+ (p < 0.0001), TIM-3+ (p < 0.0001), and SIRPA+ (p < 0.0001) immune cells. Notably, 10% of the patients with pMMR CRC expressed PD-L1 (CD274) on tumor cells with significantly worse survival (p = 0.00064). The Cox proportional hazards model identified MΦ High (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, 95%, p = 0.032), CD8Low (HR = 2.45, p = 0.011), and tumor PD-L1 expression (HR = 2.74, p = 0.0061) as potential risk factors. PD-L1-PD-1 and/or CD47-SIRPA axes targeting immune checkpoint therapies might be considered for patients with pMMR CRC according to their tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironment characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Koshino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takahiro Otani
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chengbo Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Ueki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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90
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Brady A, Sheneman KR, Pulsifer AR, Price SL, Garrison TM, Maddipati KR, Bodduluri SR, Pan J, Boyd NL, Zheng JJ, Rai SN, Hellmann J, Haribabu B, Uriarte SM, Lawrenz MB. Type 3 secretion system induced leukotriene B4 synthesis by leukocytes is actively inhibited by Yersinia pestis to evade early immune recognition. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011280. [PMID: 38271464 PMCID: PMC10846697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Subverting the host immune response to inhibit inflammation is a key virulence strategy of Yersinia pestis. The inflammatory cascade is tightly controlled via the sequential action of lipid and protein mediators of inflammation. Because delayed inflammation is essential for Y. pestis to cause lethal infection, defining the Y. pestis mechanisms to manipulate the inflammatory cascade is necessary to understand this pathogen's virulence. While previous studies have established that Y. pestis actively inhibits the expression of host proteins that mediate inflammation, there is currently a gap in our understanding of the inflammatory lipid mediator response during plague. Here we used the murine model to define the kinetics of the synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a pro-inflammatory lipid chemoattractant and immune cell activator, within the lungs during pneumonic plague. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exogenous administration of LTB4 prior to infection limited bacterial proliferation, suggesting that the absence of LTB4 synthesis during plague contributes to Y. pestis immune evasion. Using primary leukocytes from mice and humans further revealed that Y. pestis actively inhibits the synthesis of LTB4. Finally, using Y. pestis mutants in the Ysc type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and Yersinia outer protein (Yop) effectors, we demonstrate that leukocytes recognize the T3SS to initiate the rapid synthesis of LTB4. However, several Yop effectors secreted through the T3SS effectively inhibit this host response. Together, these data demonstrate that Y. pestis actively inhibits the synthesis of the inflammatory lipid LTB4 contributing to the delay in the inflammatory cascade required for rapid recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Katelyn R. Sheneman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Pulsifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Taylor M. Garrison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sobha R. Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nolan L. Boyd
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jing-Juan Zheng
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Deptartment of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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91
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Liu C, Xia C, Xia C. Biology and function of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115853. [PMID: 37951023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles that are found widely in various biological fluids. As messengers, exosomes deliver characteristic biological information from donor cells, facilitating their accumulation and subsequent transfer of information to tumor immune cells. Immunotherapy is a cutting-edge strategy for cancer therapy, but it has not yet reached its full potential owing to severe side effects and limited efficacy. Exosomes possess antigens and immunostimulatory molecules and can serve as cell-free vaccines to induce antitumor immunity. In addition, given their stability, low immunogenicity, and targeting ability, exosomes represent ideal drug delivery systems in tumor immunotherapy by delivering cargoes, including non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), membrane proteins, chemotherapeutic agents, and immune cell death inducers. Exosomes can also be engineered to precisely target tumor cells. However, as a rising star in tumor immunotherapy, exosomes are also impeded by some challenges, including the lack of uniform technical standards for their isolation and purification, the need to improve exosomal cargo loading for efficient exosome delivery, and the expansion of clinical trials, which are currently in their infancy. Long-term, multi-center, and large-scale clinical trials are needed to evaluate the performance of exosomes in the future. Nonetheless, exosomes have demonstrated encouraging performance in tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the potential and challenges of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy, with the aim to shed light on exosomes as new-era tumor immunotherapy tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare Hospital, Foshan 528000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 515150, China
| | - Cong Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare Hospital, Foshan 528000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 515150, China.
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92
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da Silva MDV, Piva M, Martelossi-Cebinelli G, Stinglin Rosa Ribas M, Hoffmann Salles Bianchini B, K Heintz O, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Stem cells and pain. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:1035-1062. [PMID: 38179216 PMCID: PMC10762525 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i12.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain can be defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience caused by either actual or potential tissue damage or even resemble that unpleasant experience. For years, science has sought to find treatment alternatives, with minimal side effects, to relieve pain. However, the currently available pharmacological options on the market show significant adverse events. Therefore, the search for a safer and highly efficient analgesic treatment has become a priority. Stem cells (SCs) are non-specialized cells with a high capacity for replication, self-renewal, and a wide range of differentiation possibilities. In this review, we provide evidence that the immune and neuromodulatory properties of SCs can be a valuable tool in the search for ideal treatment strategies for different types of pain. With the advantage of multiple administration routes and dosages, therapies based on SCs for pain relief have demonstrated meaningful results with few downsides. Nonetheless, there are still more questions than answers when it comes to the mechanisms and pathways of pain targeted by SCs. Thus, this is an evolving field that merits further investigation towards the development of SC-based analgesic therapies, and this review will approach all of these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Deroco Veloso da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maiara Piva
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geovana Martelossi-Cebinelli
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Stinglin Rosa Ribas
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Hoffmann Salles Bianchini
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Olivia K Heintz
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-440, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil.
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93
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Mohanty P, Panda P, Acharya RK, Pande B, Bhaskar LVKS, Verma HK. Emerging perspectives on RNA virus-mediated infections: from pathogenesis to therapeutic interventions. World J Virol 2023; 12:242-255. [PMID: 38187500 PMCID: PMC10768389 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i5.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses continue to pose significant threats to global public health, necessitating a profound understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms and the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of emerging perspectives on RNA virus-mediated infections, spanning from the intricate intricacies of viral pathogenesis to the forefront of innovative therapeutic strategies. A critical exploration of antiviral drugs sets the stage, highlighting the diverse classes of compounds that target various stages of the viral life cycle, underscoring the ongoing efforts to combat viral infections. Central to this discussion is the exploration of RNA-based therapeutics, with a spotlight on messenger RNA (mRNA)-based approaches that have revolutionized the landscape of antiviral interventions. Furthermore, the manuscript delves into the intricate world of delivery systems, exploring inno-vative technologies designed to enhance the efficiency and safety of mRNA vaccines. By analyzing the challenges and advancements in delivery mechanisms, this review offers a roadmap for future research and development in this critical area. Beyond conventional infectious diseases, the document explores the expanding applications of mRNA vaccines, including their promising roles in cancer immunotherapy and personalized medicine approaches. This manuscript serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers alike, offering a nuanced perspective on RNA virus pathogenesis and the cutting-edge therapeutic interventions. By synthesizing the latest advancements and challenges, this review contributes significantly to the ongoing discourse in the field, driving the development of novel strategies to combat RNA virus-mediated infections effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Mohanty
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Poojarani Panda
- Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492001, chhattisgarh, India
| | - LVKS Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich 85764, Bayren, Germany
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94
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Wang Y, Chen X, Xu X, Yang J, Liu X, Sun G, Li Z. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Based on Stimulation by Lipopolysaccharides and Polyinosinic:polycytidylic Acid Provides a Core Set of Genes for Understanding Hemolymph Immune Response Mechanisms of Amphioctopus fangsiao. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 38200810 PMCID: PMC10778463 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary influencer of aquaculture quality in Amphioctopus fangsiao is pathogen infection. Both lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) are recognized by the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) within immune cells, a system that frequently serves to emulate pathogen invasion. Hemolymph, which functions as a transport mechanism for immune cells, offers vital transcriptome information when A. fangsiao is exposed to pathogens, thereby contributing to our comprehension of the species' immune biological mechanisms. In this study, we conducted analyses of transcript profiles under the influence of LPS and Poly I:C within a 24 h period. Concurrently, we developed a Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and genes. Further, we carried out Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses to investigate the primary modular functions. Co-expression network analyses unveiled a series of immune response processes following pathogen stress, identifying several key modules and hub genes, including PKMYT1 and NAMPT. The invaluable genetic resources provided by our results aid our understanding of the immune response in A. fangsiao hemolymph and will further our exploration of the molecular mechanisms of pathogen infection in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xipan Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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95
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Kalogeropoulos D, Kanavaros P, Vartholomatos G, Moussa G, Kalogeropoulos C. Cytokines in Immune-mediated "Non-infectious" Uveitis. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023. [PMID: 38134911 DOI: 10.1055/a-2202-8704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis is a significant cause of ocular morbidity and accounts for approximately 5 - 10% of visual impairments worldwide, particularly among the working-age population. Infections are the cause of ~ 50% cases of uveitis, but it has been suggested that infection might also be implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated "non-infectious" uveitis. There is growing evidence that cytokines (i.e., interleukins, interferons, etc.) are key mediators of immune-mediated "non-infectious" uveitis. For example, activation of the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 signalling pathway is involved in immune-mediated "non-infectious" uveitis. Studies in animal models have been important in investigating the role of cytokines in uveitis. Recent studies of clinical samples from patients with uveitis have allowed the measurement of a considerable array of cytokines even from very small sample volumes (e.g., aqueous and vitreous humour). The identification of complex patterns of cytokines may contribute to a better understanding of their potential pathogenetic role in uveitis as well as to an improved diagnostic and therapeutic approach to treat these potentially blinding pathologies. This review provides further insights into the putative pathobiological role of cytokines in immune-mediated "non-infectious" uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, Greece
| | - Georgios Vartholomatos
- Hematology Laboratory, Unit of Molecular Biology, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Moussa
- Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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96
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Hilițanu LN, Mititelu-Tarțău L, Popa EG, Bucă BR, Gurzu IL, Fotache PA, Pelin AM, Pricop DA, Pavel LL. Chitosan Soft Matter Vesicles Loaded with Acetaminophen as Promising Systems for Modified Drug Release. Molecules 2023; 29:57. [PMID: 38202640 PMCID: PMC10780230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study was designed to acquire, characterize and evaluate the biocompatibility of novel lipid vesicles loaded with acetaminophen (APAP) and coated with chitosan (CS). We investigated the in vitro and in vivo drug release kinetics from these systems, and we conducted assessments for both in vitro hemocompatibility and in vivo biocompatibility. For the in vivo biocompatibility evaluation, the mice were randomly divided into four groups of six animals and were treated orally as follows: control group: 0.1 mL/10 g body weight of double-distilled water; CS group: 0.1 mL/10 g body weight 1% CS solution; APAP group: 150 mg/kg body weight APAP; APAP-v group: 150 mg/kg body weight APAP-loaded lipid vesicles. The impact of APAP-v on various hematological, biochemical, and immune parameters in mice were assessed, and the harvested tissues were subjected to histopathological examination. The innovative formulations effectively encapsulating APAP within soft vesicles exhibited reasonable stability in solution and prolonged drug release in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The in vitro hemolysis test involving APAP-loaded vesicles revealed no signs of damage to red blood cells. The mice treated with APAP-v showed neither significant variances in hematological, biochemical, and immune parameters, nor structural changes in the examined organ samples, compared to the control group. APAP-v administration led to prolonged drug release. We can conclude that the APAP-v are innovative carrier systems for modifying drug release, making them promising candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Nicoleta Hilițanu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.N.H.); (B.R.B.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tarțău
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.N.H.); (B.R.B.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Eliza Grațiela Popa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Beatrice Rozalina Bucă
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.N.H.); (B.R.B.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Irina Luciana Gurzu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Paula Alina Fotache
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.N.H.); (B.R.B.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Ana-Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Daniela Angelica Pricop
- Research Center with Integrated Techniques for Atmospheric Aerosol Investigation in Romania, RECENT AIR, Laboratory of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomical Observatory, Physics, ‘Al. I. Cuza’ University, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Lăcrămioara Pavel
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
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La Paglia L, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Urso A, Arizza V, Vizzini A. Bioactive Molecules from the Innate Immunity of Ascidians and Innovative Methods of Drug Discovery: A Computational Approach Based on Artificial Intelligence. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:6. [PMID: 38276644 PMCID: PMC10817596 DOI: 10.3390/md22010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of bioactive molecules of marine origin has created an important bridge between biological knowledge and its applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. Current studies in different research fields, such as biomedicine, aim to discover marine molecules characterized by biological activities that can be used to produce potential drugs for human use. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to a particular group of marine invertebrates, the Ascidians, as they are a source of bioactive products. We describe omics data and computational methods relevant to identifying the mechanisms and processes of innate immunity underlying the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules, focusing on innovative computational approaches based on Artificial Intelligence. Since there is increasing attention on finding new solutions for a sustainable supply of bioactive compounds, we propose that a possible improvement in the biodiscovery pipeline might also come from the study and utilization of marine invertebrates' innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura La Paglia
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.U.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Alfonso Urso
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.U.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
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98
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Dawoodi S, Rizvi SAA, Zaidi AK. Innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 202:127-154. [PMID: 38237984 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the recognition, activation, and evasion strategies employed by the virus. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the early defense against viral infections, and understanding its response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for developing effective therapeutic approaches. The chapter begins by explaining the basics of the innate immune system, including its components and salient features. It discusses the various pattern recognition receptors involved in recognizing SARS-CoV-2, such as toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and other cytosolic sensors. The binding and entry of the virus into host cells and subsequent activation of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and ILCs, are explored. Furthermore, the secretion of key cytokines and chemokines, including type I interferons, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-alpha, is discussed as part of the innate immune response. The concept of PANoptosis, involving programmed cell death mechanisms, is introduced as a significant aspect of the response to SARS-CoV-2. The chapter also addresses the innate immune evasion strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2, which allow the virus to evade or subvert the host immune response, contributing to viral persistence. Understanding these strategies is crucial for developing targeted therapies against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Dawoodi
- Anaesthesiologist, University Hospitals Birmingham and NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Syed A A Rizvi
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, Miami, Florida, United States.
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Wróblewska B, Kuliga A, Wnorowska K. Bioactive Dairy-Fermented Products and Phenolic Compounds: Together or Apart. Molecules 2023; 28:8081. [PMID: 38138571 PMCID: PMC10746084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy products (e.g., yogurt, kefir, and buttermilk) are significant in the dairy industry. They are less immunoreactive than the raw materials from which they are derived. The attractiveness of these products is based on their bioactivity and properties that induce immune or anti-inflammatory processes. In the search for new solutions, plant raw materials with beneficial effects have been combined to multiply their effects or obtain new properties. Polyphenols (e.g., flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes) are present in fruit and vegetables, but also in coffee, tea, or wine. They reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, or inflammation. Hence, it is becoming valuable to combine dairy proteins with polyphenols, of which epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) show a particular predisposition to bind to milk proteins (e.g., α-lactalbumin β-lactoglobulin, αs1-casein, and κ-casein). Reducing the allergenicity of milk proteins by combining them with polyphenols is an essential issue. As potential 'metabolic prebiotics', they also contribute to stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. In silico methods, mainly docking, assess the new structures of conjugates and the consequences of the interactions that are formed between proteins and polyphenols, as well as to predict their action in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wróblewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.K.); (K.W.)
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Almanaa TN. Design of a novel multi-epitopes vaccine against Escherichia fergusonii: a pan-proteome based in- silico approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1332378. [PMID: 38143752 PMCID: PMC10739491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia fergusonii a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium in the Enterobacteriaceae family, infect humans, causing serious illnesses such as urinary tract infection, cystitis, biliary tract infection, pneumonia, meningitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and death. Initially treatable with penicillin, antibiotic misuse led to evolving resistance, including resistance to colistin, a last-resort drug. With no licensed vaccine, the study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine against E. fergusonii. The study started with the retrieval of the complete proteome of all known strains and proceeded to filter the surface exposed virulent proteins. Seventeen virulent proteins (4 extracellular, 4 outer membranes, 9 periplasmic) with desirable physicochemical properties were identified from the complete proteome of known strains. Further, these proteins were processed for B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping. Obtained epitopes were evaluated for antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, MHC-binding, and toxicity and the filtered epitopes were fused by specific linkers and an adjuvant into a vaccine construct. Structure of the vaccine candidate was predicted and refined resulting in 78.1% amino acids in allowed regions and VERIFY3D score of 81%. Vaccine construct was docked with TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II, showing binding energies of -1040.8 kcal/mol, -871.4 kcal/mol, and -1154.6 kcal/mol and maximum interactions. Further, molecular dynamic simulation of the docked complexes was carried out resulting in a significant stable nature of the docked complexes (high B-factor and deformability values, lower Eigen and high variance values) in terms of intermolecular binding conformation and interactions. The vaccine was also reported to stimulate a variety of immunological pathways after administration. In short, the designed vaccine revealed promising predictions about its immune protective potential against E. fergusonii infections however experimental validation is needed to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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