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Kiuchi Y, Makizako H, Nakai Y, Tomioka K, Taniguchi Y, Kimura M, Kanouchi H, Takenaka T, Kubozono T, Ohishi M. The Association between Dietary Variety and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:32. [PMID: 33401433 PMCID: PMC7823748 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between diet variety and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Data of 577 older adults (mean age: 74.0 ± 6.3 years, women: 62.5%) were analyzed. Diet variety was assessed using the Food Frequency Score (FFS) (maximum, 30 points). The FFS assessed the one-week consumption frequency of ten foods (meat, fish/shellfish, eggs, milk & dairy products, soybean products, green & yellow vegetables, potatoes, fruits, seafood, and fats & oil). Physical frailty was assessed using Fried's component (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss). The participants were classified into frail, pre-frail, and non-frail groups. The prevalence of physical frailty was 6.6%. This study found significant associations between physical frailty and low FFS after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.97, p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff point of the FFS for physical frailty was ≤16 points. FFS lower than the cutoff point were significantly associated with physical frailty after adjusting for covariates (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.60-7.50, p < 0.01). Diet variety assessed using the FFS cutoff value of ≤16 points was related to the physical frailty status in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kiuchi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Kazutoshi Tomioka
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (Y.T.)
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan;
| | - Yoshiaki Taniguchi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kagoshima Medical Professional College, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Center for Health Promotion, International Life Sciences Institute, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Kanouchi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Rehabilitation, College of Health and Human Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 583-8555, Japan;
| | - Toshihiro Takenaka
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan;
| | - Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (T.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (T.K.); (M.O.)
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Chan H, Ribeiro RV, Haden S, Hirani V. Plant-Based Dietary Patterns, Body Composition, Muscle Strength and Function in Middle and Older Age: A Systematic Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:1012-1022. [PMID: 34545922 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is prevalent in middle-aged and older adults. A plant-based diet may be linked to changes in body composition and musculoskeletal health. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the body composition, muscle strength and function in middle-aged and older adults. PRISMA guidelines were followed. METHOD A systematic search was completed on databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, PREMEDLINE, Cochrane library, CINAHL and Scopus on articles published until 1st March 2019. Search terms included 'middle-aged', 'older adult', 'plant-based diet' and 'muscle strength'. Title and abstract screening were conducted on 1,868 publications after deduplication. Sample size, subject characteristics, recruitment, inclusion and exclusion criteria, dietary measures, health outcome measures, statistical results and confounders were sorted by author, study type, year and country. The quality of evidence of extracted data was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tools. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS 17 papers were included from 31 articles selected for full review. The majority of the studies were cross-sectional studies (n = 9) and RCTs (n = 6).The remaining studies were cohort studies. Positive associations were found between plant-based dietary patterns; negative association with body composition; and inconclusive association with muscle function. However, further studies are needed to improve the understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chan
- Hilaria Hin Lam Chan, The University of Sydney, Australia,
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Yeung SSY, Zhu ZLY, Chan RSM, Kwok T, Woo J. Prospective Analysis of Fruit and Vegetable Variety on Health Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:735-741. [PMID: 34179926 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence on the topic regarding fruit and vegetable (FV) variety and health outcomes among older adults is limited. This study explored the prospective association of fruit variety, vegetable variety and combined FV variety with the risk of sarcopenia, frailty, all-cause and cause-specific mortality in community-dwelling Chinese older adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling Chinese older adults aged ≥65 years in Hong Kong. MEASUREMENTS Fruit variety, vegetable variety and combined FV variety at baseline were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and the variety scores were stratified into tertiles. Sarcopenia (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019), frailty (Cardiovascular Health Study) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality (retrieved from an official database) were assessed at 14-year follow-up. Adjusted binary logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards model were performed to examine the association of fruit variety, vegetable variety and combined FV variety with each health outcome. Data are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Baseline dietary data of 3992 participants (median age: 72 years (interquartile range: 68-76), 49.9% women) was available. There were 436 and 371 participants who were newly identified as having sarcopenia and frailty respectively, and 1654 all-cause mortality, 367 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality and 534 cancer mortality over 14-year. Tertiles of fruit variety, vegetable variety and combined FV variety were not associated with sarcopenia, frailty, CVD mortality and cancer mortality. Participants in the highest tertile of fruit variety (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.95, p-trend 0.010), vegetable variety (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.89, p-trend <0.001) and combined FV variety (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.89. p-trend <0.001) showed lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with participants in the lowest tertile. CONCLUSION Among community-dwelling Chinese older adults, FV variety was not associated with sarcopenia, frailty, CVD mortality and cancer mortality over 14-year. Higher fruit variety, vegetable variety and combined FV variety were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Promoting a wide FV variety might be recommended to benefit the health and longevity of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Y Yeung
- Suey S.Y. Yeung, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P: +852 3505 2190; F: +852 2637 9215; E:
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Li C, Kang B, Zhang T, Gu H, Song P, Chen J, Wang X, Xu B, Zhao W, Zhang J. Dietary Pattern and Dietary Energy from Fat Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Regions of China. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3689. [PMID: 33265923 PMCID: PMC7760936 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between dietary patterns (DPs) and sarcopenia remain controversial, and fewer studies have mentioned the relationship between dietary energy composition and sarcopenia. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions of China, to detect the associations between DPs and sarcopenia, and to identify the influencing nutrients. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for DP identification. Logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between DPs and sarcopenia. Dietary nutrients and dietary energy composition were calculated and compared among different DPs. Three DPs were identified from 861 community-dwelling older people. The "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern was negatively associated with sarcopenia (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14~0.77, p-trend = 0.009). Subjects in the highest quartile of the "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern showed more abundant intake (1.7 g/kg/d) of dietary protein, and lower percentage (31%) of energy from fat (PEF) than the other two DPs. Further analyses indicated that lower PEF (<30%) was negatively associated with sarcopenia. In conclusion, the "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern was negatively associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese people. This pattern showed abundant protein intake and low PEF, which may partially contribute to its protective effect on sarcopenia. Therefore, besides protein, dietary fat and PEF may also be considered in the prevention and management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Bingxian Kang
- Wuyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 105 Shiji Road, Wuyuan 015100, China; (B.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 Jiaochang West Road, Guangzhou 510030, China; (T.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Hongru Gu
- Taicang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 36 Xianfu West Street, Taicang 215400, China;
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Chen
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xile Wang
- Wuyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 105 Shiji Road, Wuyuan 015100, China; (B.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 Jiaochang West Road, Guangzhou 510030, China; (T.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
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Bagheri A, Soltani S, Hashemi R, Heshmat R, Motlagh AD, Esmaillzadeh A. Inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of sarcopenia and its components. Nutr J 2020; 19:129. [PMID: 33248463 PMCID: PMC7700703 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a large body of evidence on the link between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and several chronic conditions, limited data are available about the association of DII and sarcopenia. This study aimed to examine the relationship between inflammatory potential of the diet (as measured by DII) and sarcopenia and its components among community-dwelling elderly population. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2011 among 300 elderly people (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥55 years, who were selected using cluster random sampling method. Dietary assessment was done using a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire. Energy-adjusted DII was calculated based on earlier studies. Sarcopenia and its components were determined based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia (EWGSOP) definition. RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 66.7 ± 7.7 y. Subjects in the highest tertile of DII score (i.e. those with a more pro-inflammatory diet) were more likely to be older (P = 0.02). The prevalence of sarcopenia (P = 0.016) and low muscle mass (P = 0.041) was significantly higher among subjects in the top tertile compared with those in the bottom tertile of DII. After adjustment for potential confounders, those with the highest DII were 2.18 times (95% CI: 1.01-4.74) more likely to have sarcopenia than those with the lowest DII. With regard to components of sarcopenia, subjects in the top tertile of DII had not significantly greater odds of low muscle mass (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.72-2.63), abnormal handgrip strength (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.49-1.89), and abnormal gait speed (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 0.84-3.08) than those in the bottom tertile. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a diet with more pro-inflammatory potential was associated with a greater odds of sarcopenia. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bagheri
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soltani
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CDRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran. .,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Vijayakumar A, Kim Y, Kim H, Kwon O. Western dietary pattern is associated with higher risk of lower lean muscle mass in Korean postmenopausal women: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 15:528-540. [PMID: 34349885 PMCID: PMC8313384 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.4.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In a healthy person, from 35 years of age, there is an annual loss of muscle mass at the rate of 1–2% and is associated with a decline in the quality of life. This study aimed to identify the particular dietary patterns associated with the risk of lower lean muscle mass in Korean postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS/METHODS The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a population-based, continuous cross-sectional annual survey. The participants of the KNHANES IV (2008–2009) and V (2010–2011) were considered for this study. The study sample consisted of 1548 postmenopausal women, aged 45–86 years. Lower lean muscle mass was defined as having appendicular skeletal muscle mass corrected for body weight less than 1 standard deviation of the young reference group aged 20 to 39 years in KNHANES IV and V. To identify the dietary pattern using factor analysis, 24-h recall data was used. RESULTS The prevalence of lower lean muscle mass was 31.3% in this study population. Four dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis; ‘Diverse’, ‘Western’, ‘Traditional’, and ‘Snacks and beverages’. The ‘Western’ pattern, highest factor loadings for flour and bread, potatoes, red meat, processed meat, eggs, and cheese, was significantly associated with a high (60%) risk of lower lean muscle mass (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.60 [1.07–2.39], P for trend = 0.01) after adjustments for potential covariates. The other 3 dietary patterns were not associated with lower lean muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that the ‘Western’ dietary pattern that includes flour and bread, potatoes, red meat, processed meat, eggs, and cheese, may be associated with a higher risk of lower lean muscle mass in Korean postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Vijayakumar
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Inadequate energy and protein intake in geriatric outpatients with mobility problems. Nutr Res 2020; 84:33-41. [PMID: 33189433 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To individualize nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition and sarcopenia, it is required to understand the nutritional needs of older adults. This study explores the nutritional needs of geriatric outpatients. We hypothesized that inadequate energy and protein intake is common in geriatric outpatients. Data were retrieved from 2 cohort studies encompassing community-dwelling older adults referred to geriatric outpatient mobility clinics in Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Melbourne, Australia. Indirect calorimetry and a food diary, respectively, were used to assess resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy and protein intake. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated by the RMR multiplied by an activity factor of 1.4. An energy deficit was defined as a relative difference >10% between TEE and energy intake. A protein deficit was defined as protein intake <1.2 g/kg body weight per day. Bland-Altman analysis assessed the agreement between energy and protein requirements versus intake at an individual level. Seventy-four outpatients were included (25 males, median age 78.9 [IQR: 72.8-86.1] years). The mean difference between TEE and energy intake was 292 (SD 481) kcal/d. An energy deficit was present in 46 outpatients. The median protein intake was 1.00 (IQR: 0.87-1.19) g/kg body weight per day and a protein deficit was present in 57 outpatients. There was a low agreement between energy and protein requirements versus intake at an individual level. In conclusion, over half of the outpatients had energy and/or protein deficits. Integrating dietetic services at geriatric outpatient mobility clinics could potentially improve nutrition- and muscle-related outcomes in a multidisciplinary approach.
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Association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating style and risk of sarcopenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19339. [PMID: 33168896 PMCID: PMC7652878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between habitual intake of the “dietary approaches to stop hypertension” (DASH) eating plan and sarcopenia has received limited attention. The present study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH dietary pattern and sarcopenia and its components including muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle performance among community-dwelling older adults population. This population-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2011 among 300 older people (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥ 55 years, who were selected using cluster random sampling method. Dietary intake of study participants were examined by the use of a Block-format 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The DASH score was constructed based on eight main foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. All components of sarcopenia was measured using standard protocols and sarcopenia was defined based on both former and new European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) guidelines. Mean age and BMI of study participants were 66.7 ± 7.7 years and 27.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. Totally, 31 individuals meet the criteria of EWGSOP2-sarcopenia. We found no significant association between adherence to the DASH diet and EWGSOP2-sarcopenia either before (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.45–2.54) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.39–2.75). The same findings were obtained in the gender-stratified analyses (men: OR 2.29; 95% CI 0.39–13.29 and women: 0.75; 95% CI 0.23–2.45). In conclusion, we found that adherence to the DASH-style diet was not significantly associated with odds of sarcopenia. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Malnutrition According to GLIM Criteria and Adverse Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults: A Prospective Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:1953-1959.e4. [PMID: 33153909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has proposed a consensus scheme for classifying malnutrition. This study examined the prevalence of malnutrition according to GLIM criteria and evaluated if these criteria were associated with adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling Chinese men and women aged ≥65 years in Hong Kong. METHODS A health check including questionnaire interviews and physical measurements was conducted at baseline and 14-year follow-up. Participants were classified as malnourished at baseline according to the GLIM criteria based on 2 phenotypic components (low body mass index and reduced muscle mass) and 1 etiologic component (inflammation). Adverse outcomes including sarcopenia, frailty, falls, mobility limitation, hospitalization, and mortality were assessed at 14-year follow-up. Adjusted multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model were performed to examine the associations between malnutrition and adverse outcomes and presented as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Data of 3702 participants [median age: 72 years (IQR 68-76)] were available at baseline. Malnutrition was present in 397 participants (10.7%). Malnutrition was significantly associated with higher risk of sarcopenia (n = 898, OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.04-4.86), frailty (Fried (n = 971, OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.47-5.43), FRAIL scale (n = 985, OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.06-4.98)) and all-cause mortality (n = 3702, HR: 1.62; 95% CI 1.39-1.89). There was no significant association between malnutrition and falls (n = 987, OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.52-2.31), mobility limitation (n = 989, OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.36-2.67), and hospitalization (n = 989, OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.67-2.77). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Among community-dwelling Chinese older adults, malnutrition according to selected GLIM criteria was a predictor of sarcopenia, frailty, and mortality at 14-year follow-up; whereas no association was found for falls, mobility limitation, and hospitalization. Clinicians may consider applying the GLIM criteria to identify malnourished community-dwelling older adults.
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Matsumoto H, Tanimura C, Kushida D, Osaka H, Kawabata Y, Hagino H. FRAX score and recent fall history predict the incidence for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1985-1994. [PMID: 32448948 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We hypothesized that the baseline FRAX score and previous falls would predict the incidence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults who received medical check-ups. The FRAX score (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.087, 95% CI 1.014-1.167) and previous falls (HR = 5.181, 95% CI 1.002-26.777) were determined to be independent risk factors for the incidence of sarcopenia. PURPOSE This prospective study was performed to elucidate the prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults who received medical check-ups, and to determine whether FRAX score and fall history predict the incidence of sarcopenia. METHODS Participants were recruited from a group of individuals who had registered for an annual town-sponsored medical check-up. Study inclusion criteria were aged older than 60 years, living independently, and ability to walk without assistance. Individuals who received nursing care were excluded from the study. A total of 426 residential participants were analyzed. Demographic information, fall history of the previous year, and FRAX score without bone mineral density were assessed. The assessment for sarcopenia was based on the recommendations of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. RESULTS The final sample for the assessment of sarcopenia incidence comprised 258 participants. The mean follow-up time was 2.92 years. The rate of sarcopenia was 1.06 cases per 100 person-years at risk. The Cox multivariate logistic regression model in our analysis was adjusted for age, gender, muscle mass, and covariates and showed that the FRAX score (HR = 1.087, 95% CI 1.014-1.167) and recent history of falls (HR = 5.181, 95% CI 1.002-26.777) were independent risk factors for the incidence of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION FRAX and history of falling can be a simple screening tool to raise awareness of the prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Department of Physical Therapist, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Matsushima 288, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan.
| | - C Tanimura
- School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho 86, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - D Kushida
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, (Cross-Informatics Research Center), Tottori University, Koyama-cho Minami 4-101, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - H Osaka
- Department of Physical Therapist, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Matsushima 288, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Y Kawabata
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shuto General Hospital, JA Yamaguchi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperative, Kogaisaku 1000-1, Yanai, Yamaguchi, 742-0032, Japan
| | - H Hagino
- School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho 86, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and physical fitness among older Chinese (≥60 years) individuals. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. Dietary data were collected by a simplified semi-quantitative FFQ. The 30-s Chair Stand test (30sCST), 30-s Arm Curl test (30sACT), 8-foot Time Up-and-Go test (8fTUAGT) and 6-min Walking test (6mWT) were used to assess physical fitness. Dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis. The association between dietary patterns and physical fitness was explored by multiple logistic regression. SETTING Six communities (villages) of three districts in Liaocheng City (Shandong Province, China). PARTICIPANTS A total of 596 residents were recruited from April to May 2017. RESULTS Among 556 residents who were finally enrolled, 196 were men (35 %) and 360 were women (65 %). Three dietary patterns were identified: 'Western', 'Vegetarian' and 'Modern'. The 30sACT revealed that men in the fourth quartile of the Western pattern were less likely to be classified in the 'high-level' group, but men in the fourth quartile of the Vegetarian pattern were classified in the high-level group. The 6mWT revealed that men in the fourth quartile of the Modern pattern were classified in the high-level group. These associations were independent of confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the Vegetarian pattern and Modern pattern may be protective factors for maintaining good physical fitness in older Chinese individuals. The Western pattern may lead to poor physical fitness in this population.
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Association of major dietary patterns with muscle strength and muscle mass index in middle-aged men and women: Results from a cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 39:215-221. [PMID: 32859319 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns may affect muscle mass, strength, and function; hence, we evaluated the association of major dietary patterns in relation to muscle mass index (MMI) and muscle strength in middle-aged adults. We hypothesized that unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with reduced muscle mass and muscle strength. SUBJECTS and methods: The present cross-sectional study recruited 270 adults (118 males and 152 females) aged between 18 and 75 years' old. Socio-demographic data, body composition and muscle strength were determined. MMI was calculated by total fat free mass (FFM) (kg)/height2 (m). Dietary intake was assessed using a 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was conducted, and as a result, 3 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as healthy, mixed and western dietary patterns. RESULTS After control for potential confounders, there were a positive trend between tertiles of "healthy dietary pattern" and muscle strength (p = 0.03). Moreover, we found that those who were in the third tertile of "mixed dietary pattern" compared to those at the first tertile had no significant relationship with muscle strength (p = 0.42) and MMI (p = 0.36) even after controlling for potential confounders. In contrast, the adherence to the "Western dietary pattern" was associated with reduced MMI (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Adherence to healthy dietary pattern might be associated with better muscle strength and greater adherence to Western pattern appears to reduce MMI.
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Na W, Kim J, Chung BH, Jang DJ, Sohn C. Relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia in elderly Koreans: 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:352-364. [PMID: 32765815 PMCID: PMC7390736 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.4.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Given the increasing proportion of the Korean population that is aged 65 years and older, the present study analyzed the relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia in elderly persons by using data from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS Data for 3,373 persons aged 65 years and over (men: 1,455, 43.1%) were selected from the 2008-2011 KNHANES. Sarcopenia assessments are based on a formula that divides a subject's appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) by their weight (wt) and multiplies that result by 100 ([ASM/wt] × 100). Sarcopenia is present if the subject's result was less than one standard deviation (SD) below the sex-specific mean for a young reference group. For evaluation of diet quality, data obtained via the 24-hour recall method were used to calculate the Diet Quality Index for Koreans (DQI-K). A general linear model was applied in order to analyze general information and nutritional intake according to sarcopenia status. For analysis of the relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia, a binominal logistic regression analysis was undertaken. RESULTS The sarcopenia prevalence rate among the study subjects aged 65 years and over was 37.6%. The DQI-K of those without sarcopenia was 3.33 ± 0.04 points, while that of those with sarcopenia was 3.45 ± 0.04 points (P < 0.05). The relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia revealed that subjects aged 75 and older had a poor diet quality, and their odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia presence was significantly higher (OR: 1.807, 95% confidence interval: 1.003-3.254, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that poor diet quality was related to sarcopenia presence in Koreans aged 75 and older. In order to improve the diet quality of the elderly (aged 75 and older), it is necessary to develop dietary improvement guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woori Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Jiyu Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Bong Hee Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dai-Ja Jang
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Cheongmin Sohn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
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Rogers-Soeder TS, Peters KE, Lane NE, Shikany JM, Judd S, Langsetmo L, Hoffman AR, Evans WJ, Cawthon PM. Dietary Intake, D3Cr Muscle Mass, and Appendicular Lean Mass in a Cohort of Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1353-1361. [PMID: 32556116 PMCID: PMC7302171 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns, macronutrient intake, and measures of muscle mass and lean mass in older men. METHODS Participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort (n = 903; mean ± SD age 84.2 ± 4 years) completed brief Block food frequency questionnaires (May 2014-May 2016); factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method was used to measure muscle mass; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure appendicular lean mass (ALM). Generalized linear models were used to report adjusted means of outcomes by dietary pattern. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between macronutrients and D3Cr muscle mass and DXA ALM. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, depression, total energy intake, height, and percent body fat. RESULTS Greater adherence to a Western dietary pattern (high factor loadings for red meat, fried foods, and high-fat dairy) was associated with higher D3Cr muscle mass (p-trend = .026). Adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern (high factor loadings for fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats) was not associated with D3Cr muscle mass or DXA ALM. Total protein (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.14) and nondairy animal protein (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.21) were positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass. Nondairy animal protein (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.11) was positively associated with DXA ALM. Associations with other macronutrients were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Nondairy animal protein intake (within a Western dietary pattern and alone) was positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Rogers-Soeder
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento
- True Health Center for Functional Medicine, El Dorado Hills, California
| | | | - Nancy E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Suzanne Judd
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | | | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley
- Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco
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Nutrition and Sarcopenia-What Do We Know? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061755. [PMID: 32545408 PMCID: PMC7353446 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle health is important for the functionality and independence of older adults, and certain nutrients as well as dietary patterns have been shown to offer protective effects against declines in strength and function associated with aging. In this paper, micronutrients, macronutrients, and food groups have been reviewed, along with their studied effects on the prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia, as well as their ability to preserve muscle mass and optimize physical performance. Randomized controlled trials appear to suggest a critical role for dietary intake of protein in preventing sarcopenia and muscle loss, although the optimal dose and type of protein is unknown. There are some promising data regarding the role of vitamin D and sarcopenia, but it is unclear whether the dose, frequency of dose, or length of treatment impacts the efficacy of vitamin D on improving muscle mass or function. Selenium, magnesium, and omega 3 fatty acids have been studied as supplements in clinical trials and in the diet, and they appear to demonstrate a potential association with physical activity and muscle performance in older individuals. Following the Mediterranean diet and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables have been associated with improved physical performance and protection against muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and frailty.
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A 3-year prospective cohort study of dietary patterns and frailty risk among community-dwelling older adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:229-236. [PMID: 32507582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between dietary patterns and frailty is less investigated in Asia. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations between dietary patterns and frailty index (FI) in community-dwelling Japanese older adults aged 60 years or older. METHODS A 3-year cohort collected the data on sociodemographic information, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidities, medication history, depression status, nutrition, and physical function from 2014 to 2017. Five dietary patterns including "Mediterranean-style," "sugar and fat," "salt and pickles," "noodle and alcohol," and "protein-rich" dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis from 20 food groups obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A 54-item FI was constructed on the basis of a deficit accumulation model. This project aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between dietary pattern and frailty trajectories with annual measurements over a 3-year period using a generalized estimating equation. RESULT After excluding 108 participants with incomplete data at baseline, 666 participants (56.5% female, 69.4 ± 4.4 years) were included for longitudinal analysis. Our results demonstrated that adherence score to "sugar and fat" dietary pattern" (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.017], 95% CI [0.006 to 0.029]) and "salt and pickles" dietary pattern (Q3 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.010], 95% CI [0.001 to 0.020]; Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.014], 95% CI [0.003 to 0.025]) were positively associated with change in FI. Adherence score to a "protein-rich" dietary pattern was negatively associated with change in FI (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [-0.013], 95% CI [-0.025 to -0.002]). CONCLUSIONS "Salt and pickles" dietary pattern and "sugar and fat" dietary pattern were positively associated with frailty. In contrast, "protein-rich" dietary pattern was negatively associated with frailty.
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Koyanagi A, Veronese N, Solmi M, Oh H, Shin JI, Jacob L, Yang L, Haro JM, Smith L. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Sarcopenia among Older Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030706. [PMID: 32155879 PMCID: PMC7146581 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable consumption may protect against sarcopenia but there are no studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six LMICs. Community-based cross-sectional data of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass based on indirect population formula, and either slow gait or low handgrip strength. Quintiles of vegetable and fruit consumption were created based on the number of servings consumed on a typical day. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 14,585 individuals aged ≥65 years (mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.4) years; 55% females). Adjusted analyses showed that overall, compared to the lowest quintile (Q1), the highest quintile (Q5) of fruit consumption was associated with a 40% lower odds for sarcopenia (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.42−0.84) but this association was largely driven by the strong association among females (e.g., Q5 vs. Q1 OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.24−0.73), with no significant associations found among males. Vegetable consumption was not significantly associated with sarcopenia. Future studies of longitudinal design may shed light on whether increasing fruit consumption among older females in LMICs may reduce risk for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (L.J.); (J.M.H.)
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9360-0268-5
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 90133 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 90133 Padova, Italy
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03372, Korea;
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (L.J.); (J.M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (L.J.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK;
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Sarcopenia in relation to nutrition and lifestyle factors among middle-aged and older Korean adults with obesity. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3451-3460. [PMID: 31965294 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and its association with nutrition and lifestyle factors. METHODS Data from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 3937 Korean individuals aged 40 years or older with obesity defined by the modified Asia-Pacific criteria (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were used. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by weight (%) of < 1 SD below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Logistic regression models were used for the associations controlling covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of SO was 52.5%. The SO group had insufficient energy intake, protein, and antioxidant micronutrients, a lower overall dietary quality, a lower physical activity, and higher rates of negative psychological factors than the non-sarcopenic obesity group (p < 0.05). After controlling for covariates, having high mean adequacy ratio scores which was calculated by averaging the sum of the nutrient adequacy ratios had a 94% lower prevalence of SO in the older individuals. Low participation in aerobic exercises had a 74% higher prevalence of SO in the older aged group, and high participation in flexibility exercises had a 11% lower prevalence of SO in the middle-aged group. Interestingly, negative psychological factors were found only in the middle-aged adults with SO (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sarcopenia was present in over half of the middle-aged and older Korean adults with obesity. Having high dietary quality, increased physical activity, and positive psychological health were associated with a low prevalence of SO.
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Zhou J, Leepromrath S, Tian X, Zhou D. Dynamics of Chinese Diet Divergence from Chinese Food Pagoda and Its Association with Adiposity and Influential Factors: 2004-2011. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E507. [PMID: 31941144 PMCID: PMC7013429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition transition in China has a strong impact on dietary quality and health of Chinese consumers. This study developed the diet quality divergence Index (DQD), the divergence between real food consumption and the Chinese food pagoda 2016 (CFP), to measure the quality of diet in China. Using four waves of data (2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011) from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), this study shed light on the transition of diet quality for Chinese residents. Results indicate that the DQD generally decreased and Chinese diet quality improved during 2004-2011. The divergence was mainly caused by over-consumption of legumes and nuts, and under-consumption of milk and milk products. Rising income and urbanization were positively correlated with diet quality for the people with low DQD. However, both of them had negative impacts on diet quality for those with high DQD. Females and rural residents held a lower DQD than their counterparts. The results also revealed that healthy food preference, education, dining at home, household size, proportions of teens (6-17) and elders (over 64) in the families are positively correlated with Chinese diet quality. However, labor intensity, frequency of drinking alcohol, and smoking have negative impacts on diet quality. Moreover, higher DQD was found to be associated with increasing risks of overweight/obesity. Therefore, we suggest national healthy policies should pay more attention to nutrition education. It is also necessary to focus on populations with poor diet quality and to adopt measures to control drinking alcohol and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - De Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, China Center for Food Security Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (X.T.)
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Suthuvoravut U, Takahashi K, Murayama H, Tanaka T, Akishita M, Iijima K. Association between Traditional Japanese Diet Washoku and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the Kashiwa Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:282-289. [PMID: 32115609 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the dietary patterns among community-dwelling Japanese older adults and to explore the association between these patterns and sarcopenia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Kashiwa city, Chiba prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults (n = 1241) aged 65 years and over who were not eligible for long-term care. MEASUREMENTS Dietary intake was assessed using the brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Dietary patterns were identified using both principal component analysis and the score on the Japanese diet comprising soybeans and soybean products, fish, vegetables, pickles, mushroom, seaweeds, and fruits. Sarcopenia was defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed with sarcopenia status as the dependent variable after adjusting for economic status, living alone status, BMI, energy intake, multimorbidity, and physical activity. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 74.6 years, and 52.1% were male. According to AWGS criteria, 5.1% had sarcopenia. Three dietary patterns were identified from the principal component analysis. Dietary pattern 1 (DP1), showed high loadings for fish, tofu, vegetables, and fruits which are similar to the side dishes in a typical Japanese diet. Dietary pattern 2 (DP2) had high factor loadings for fish, rice, and miso soup which are main dishes in a typical Japanese diet. Dietary pattern 3 (DP3) had a high factor loading for noodles. Men with the lowest tertile of DP1 score had a higher likelihood of being sarcopenic (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-11.2). Women with the lowest tertile of DP2 score had a moderate likelihood of being sarcopenic (AOR 2.71, 95%CI 0.99-7.46). Low adherence to Japanese dietary pattern was associated with prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders. CONCLUSION Adherence to a dietary pattern high in foods characteristic of a Japanese diet including fish, soybean products, vegetables, and fruits was associated with low prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Suthuvoravut
- Katsuya Iijima, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Tel: +81-3-5841-1662, Fax: +81-3-5841-1662, E-mail:
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Nutrient patterns and the skeletal muscle mass index among Polish women: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18930. [PMID: 31831799 PMCID: PMC6908721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing involves significant changes in skeletal muscle mass and its functioning. This study aimed to identify the major nutrient patterns (NPs) present in a sample of adult Polish women and evaluate their associations with the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). A cross-sectional study initially recruited 527 women, and a final analysis was carried out on 275 women aged 32–60 years. Nutrient intake was assessed using fourteen repetitions of 24-hour dietary recall. NPs were derived using principal component analysis. Associations between adherence to NPs and the SMI were evaluated using linear regression models. Three NPs were identified: ‘Animal Protein-Vitamins’, ‘Fibre-Plant Protein-Minerals’ and ‘Fats’. In the adjusted model, the upper tertile compared to the bottom tertile of the ‘Animal Protein-Vitamins’ NP was related to a higher SMI (β = 0.123 95% CI: 0.019; 0.227; P for 1-SD increase of NP score = 0.009). No associations between the SMI and the ‘Fibre-Plant Protein-Minerals’ and ‘Fats’ NPs were observed. Our results indicate that high adherence to animal product-rich patterns might be related to higher muscle mass in adult women. Research on the influence of dietary and nutrient patterns on the quality of muscle tissue may contribute to the setting of guidelines for nutritional protection of skeletal muscle with ageing and, consequently, dietary recommendations that would improve the quality of women’s lives at the later stage of life.
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Schacht SR, Lind MV, Mertz KH, Bülow J, Bechshøft R, Højfeldt G, Schucany A, Hjulmand M, Sidoli C, Andersen SB, Jensen M, Reitelseder S, Holm L, Tetens I. Development of a Mobility Diet Score (MDS) and Associations With Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Function in Older Adults. Front Nutr 2019; 6:114. [PMID: 31552255 PMCID: PMC6738326 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle function is associated with increased risk of multiple health related issues. Diet may play a role in sustaining BMD and muscle function throughout old age, but much is still to be learned with regards to which specific food groups and dietary patterns that are important for such outcomes. The aim of the current study was to identify food groups important for both BMD and muscle function. Methods: A narrative review was performed on studies published on dietary patterns and their association with BMD and muscle function, respectively. Based on these findings, two dietary indices were constructed characterizing food groups associated with BMD and muscle function, respectively. Associations between adherence to these indices and BMD and muscle function were then investigated in a population of older community-dwelling Danes. Food groups found to be associated with both BMD and muscle function in our study population were suggested for inclusion into a common dietary index named the Mobility Diet Score. Results: In contrast to previous studies, adherence to a dietary index based on foods previously linked to BMD could not be established as important for BMD in our study population of 184 older individuals (53.3% men). We found that adhering to a dietary index characterized by higher intakes of whole grains, dairy products, fish, legumes, nuts, fruit, and vegetables is associated with faster 400 m walking speeds and an increased number of chair stands measured over a 30 s time period. Since no food group could be established as important for both BMD and muscle function in our study population, a Mobility Diet Score could not be established. However, based on our narrative review, the food groups commonly associated with improved BMD and muscle function are similar. Conclusion: Adherence to a dietary index characterized by high intakes of whole grains, dairy products, fish, legumes, nuts, fruit, and vegetables was not found to be associated with BMD in a group of community-dwelling older Danes. However, our results indicate that the adherence to such foods could be important in sustaining physical function in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rønnow Schacht
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Vitality - Centre for Good Older Lives, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Vitality - Centre for Good Older Lives, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Hudlebusch Mertz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bülow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bechshøft
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aide Schucany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hjulmand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Sidoli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Søren Binder Andersen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Jensen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Vitality - Centre for Good Older Lives, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jung M, Park S, Kim H, Kwon O. Association of Diet Quality with Low Muscle Mass-Function in Korean Elderly. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152733. [PMID: 31370245 PMCID: PMC6696159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that links nutrition to muscle mass and function in the elderly, suggesting that it has an important role to play both in the prevention and management of age-related sarcopenia. Some nutrients have been studied, but less is known about the influence of overall diet quality on the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. This study investigated the interrelationship between the recommended food score (RFS), as an indicator of overall diet quality, and muscle mass function among the Korean elderly. The sample consisted of 521 participants (263 men and 258 women), aged >65 years, who participated in the 2014–2015 National Fitness Award project. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Low muscle mass was defined as having an ASM corrected for height lower than the cutoff value established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Muscle function, assessed by handgrip strength (HGS), was defined as low if it was below the 20th percentile of elderly men and women. Low muscle mass-function, defined as low muscle mass with low muscle strength (HGS), was found in 29 men (11.0%) and 22 women (8.5%). In elderly men, the low muscle mass-function group had significantly lower RFS values than the normal group after adjustments for age, body fat percentage, drinking, smoking, education, and physical activity (p = 0.019). However, there was no association between RFS and muscle mass-function in elderly women. Our findings suggest that better diet quality may be associated with higher muscle mass in elderly Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyeong Jung
- Department of Nutrition, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Korea
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Saejong Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Karlsson M, Becker W, Michaëlsson K, Cederholm T, Sjögren P. Associations between dietary patterns at age 71 and the prevalence of sarcopenia 16 years later. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1077-1084. [PMID: 31036414 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The growing recognition of the significance of sarcopenia has highlighted the need to understand etiologic factors, where food intake likely plays a role. The aim was to investigate the association between dietary patterns at mean age 71 and the prevalence of sarcopenia at mean age 87 in a Swedish cohort of community dwelling men. METHODS Dietary habits were assessed using a 7-day food record. Adherences to official dietary guidelines, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) by using the Healthy Diet Indicator, and Mediterranean-like dietary habits by using the Mediterranean Diet Score, were calculated. Sarcopenia was determined using the definition from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and associations to each dietary pattern were analyzed using logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Our study population included 254 men, mean age 71 at baseline, and 53 (21%) were defined as sarcopenic 16 years later. There was no linear relationship between increased adherence to WHO dietary guidelines and future prevalence of sarcopenia, although those with medium adherence seemed to be protected (crude OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.92). On the other hand, an inverse relationship to sarcopenia was found for each SD increment in the Mediterranean diet score (crude OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.46-0.99), which remained after adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analysis indicated relationships to be independent of changes in physical activity and dietary misreporting. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study of elderly men, using a single measure of diet at age 71 as a reflection of habitual dietary habits, healthy dietary patterns tended to protect against the development of sarcopenia over 16 years. In particular, we found indications that increased adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern might be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Karlsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Wulf Becker
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Sjögren
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
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75
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Granic A, Sayer AA, Robinson SM. Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040745. [PMID: 30935012 PMCID: PMC6521630 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
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Granic A, Mendonça N, Sayer AA, Hill TR, Davies K, Siervo M, Mathers JC, Jagger C. Effects of dietary patterns and low protein intake on sarcopenia risk in the very old: The Newcastle 85+ study. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:166-173. [PMID: 30709690 PMCID: PMC6961212 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia, a progressive age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leads to disability, falls, and hospitalisation. Individual variation in sarcopenia onset may be partly explained by lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet. Healthy dietary patterns (DPs) have been linked to better physical functioning in older adults, but their role in sarcopenia in the very old (aged ≥85) is unknown. Aims To investigate the association between DPs and the risk of sarcopenia over 3 years, and to determine whether protein intake influences this relationship in community-dwelling older adults from the Newcastle 85 + Study. Methods The analytic sample consisted of 757 participants (61.2% women) who had dietary assessment at baseline. After two-step clustering with 30 food groups to derive DPs, we used logistic regression to determine the risk of prevalent and incident sarcopenia across DPs in all participants, and in those with low (<1 g/kg adjusted body weight/day [g/kg aBW/d]) and good protein intake (≥1 g/kg aBW/d). Results We identified three DPs (DP1: ‘Low Red Meat’, DP2: ‘Traditional British’ and DP3: ‘Low Butter’) that varied by unsaturated fat spreads/oils, butter, red meat, gravy and potato consumption. Compared with participants in DP3, those in DP2 had an increased risk of prevalent (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.15–5.09, p = 0.02) but not 3-year incident sarcopenia (OR = 1.67, 0.59–4.67, p = 0.33) adjusted for socio-demographic, anthropometry, health and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, DP2 was associated with an increased risk of prevalent sarcopenia at baseline (OR = 2.14, 1.01–4.53, p = 0.05) and 3-year follow-up (OR = 5.45, 1.81–16.39, p = 0.003) after adjustment for key covariates in participants with good protein intake. Conclusion A DP high in foods characteristic of a traditional British diet (butter, red meat, gravy and potato) was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia even when overall protein intake was good. The results need to be replicated in other cohorts of the very old to understand the role of DPs in sarcopenia onset and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Nuno Mendonça
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tom R Hill
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Davies
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Siervo
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John C Mathers
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Jagger
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Lee JY, Lee S. Dietary Patterns Related to Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:358-363. [PMID: 30570371 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1523759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle mass plays an important role in healthy aging among elderly adults. We investigated the association between dietary patterns and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) among 3,488 adults ages 60 years or older. METHODS The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data for 2008-2011 were analyzed. Dietary information from a food frequency questionnaire was utilized. To identify dietary patterns, factor analysis was performed. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to ascertain ASM. To examine the association between dietary patterns and ASM, a multivariable regression model was used after adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Two dietary patterns were identified: Healthy and Western dietary patterns. The Healthy dietary pattern was characterized as high frequencies of intake in vegetables, fish, fruits, seaweeds, legumes, mushrooms, whole grains, potatoes, eggs, dairy products, and red meat. In contrast, the Western dietary pattern was characterized by high intake of red meat, bread, noodles, fast food, rice cake, poultry, and soft drinks. Men showed a significant association between the Healthy dietary pattern and higher ASM, even after adjusting for covariates (p value =0.034). CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study, we observed that men ages 60 years and older with the Healthy dietary pattern had higher muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Lee
- a Department of Public Health , General Graduate School, Kyungpook National University , South Korea
| | - Sunghee Lee
- b Department of Food and Nutrition , College of Health Science, Kangwon National University , South Korea
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78
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Ha YC, Hwang SC, Song SY, Lee C, Park KS, Yoo JI. Hand grip strength measurement in different epidemiologic studies using various methods for diagnosis of sarcopenia: a systematic review. Eur Geriatr Med 2018; 9:277-288. [PMID: 34654240 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-018-0050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to compare various methods for measuring hand grip strength to provide data for the development of a standardized protocol for such a measurement based on epidemiologic studies of sarcopenia in older population. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using 34 available epidemiologic studies. RESULTS The choice of hand dynamometer and measurement protocols for measuring hand grip strength was not consistent among studies. Mean values of hand grip strength in older population were also different by study area (Europe, America, and Asia) and gender. CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that various grip strength measurement methods were used in different epidemiologic studies. A standardized method is needed to enable more consistent measurement of grip strength and better assessment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-ku, Seoul, 06973, South Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangHan Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
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79
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Bloom I, Shand C, Cooper C, Robinson S, Baird J. Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:E308. [PMID: 29510572 PMCID: PMC5872726 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing recognition of sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (muscle strength and physical performance), as a determinant of poor health in older age, has emphasized the importance of understanding more about its aetiology to inform strategies both for preventing and treating this condition. There is growing interest in the effects of modifiable factors such as diet; some nutrients have been studied but less is known about the influence of overall diet quality on sarcopenia. We conducted a systematic review of the literature examining the relationship between diet quality and the individual components of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, and the overall risk of sarcopenia, among older adults. We identified 23 studies that met review inclusion criteria. The studies were diverse in terms of the design, setting, measures of diet quality, and outcome measurements. A small body of evidence suggested a relationship between "healthier" diets and better muscle mass outcomes. There was limited and inconsistent evidence for a link between "healthier" diets and lower risk of declines in muscle strength. There was strong and consistent observational evidence for a link between "healthier" diets and lower risk of declines in physical performance. There was a small body of cross-sectional evidence showing an association between "healthier" diets and lower risk of sarcopenia. This review provides observational evidence to support the benefits of diets of higher quality for physical performance among older adults. Findings for the other outcomes considered suggest some benefits, although the evidence is either limited in its extent (sarcopenia) or inconsistent/weak in its nature (muscle mass, muscle strength). Further studies are needed to assess the potential of whole-diet interventions for the prevention and management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Bloom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Calum Shand
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Sian Robinson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Janis Baird
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Craig JV, Bunn DK, Hayhoe RP, Appleyard WO, Lenaghan EA, Welch AA. Relationship between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and musculoskeletal health in children, adolescents, and adults: systematic review and evidence map. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:830-857. [PMID: 29028268 PMCID: PMC5939869 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: An understanding of the modifiable effects of diet on bone and skeletal muscle mass and strength over the life course will help inform strategies to reduce age-related fracture risk. The Mediterranean diet is rich in nutrients that may be important for optimal musculoskeletal health. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the relationship between a Mediterranean diet and musculoskeletal outcomes (fracture, bone density, osteoporosis, sarcopenia) in any age group. Data Sources: Ten electronic databases were searched. Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that investigated a traditional Mediterranean diet, published in any language, were eligible. Studies using other designs or other definitions of the Mediterranean diet were collated separately in an evidence map. Data Extraction: Details on study design, methods, population, dietary intervention or exposure, length of follow-up, and effect on or association with musculoskeletal outcomes were extracted. Results: The search yielded 1738 references. Data from eligible randomized controlled trials (n = 0) and prospective cohort studies (n = 3) were synthesized narratively by outcome for the systematic review. Two of these studies reported on hip fracture incidence, but results were contradictory. A third study found no association between the Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia incidence. Conclusions: Overall, the systematic review and evidence map demonstrate a lack of research to understand the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and musculoskeletal health in all ages. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number IDCRD42016037038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean V Craig
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Diane K Bunn
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Hayhoe
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Will O Appleyard
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Lenaghan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Trierweiler H, Kisielewicz G, Hoffmann Jonasson T, Rasmussen Petterle R, Aguiar Moreira C, Zeghbi Cochenski Borba V. Sarcopenia: a chronic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:25. [PMID: 29632617 PMCID: PMC5883537 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetics are at increased risk for impaired mobility and strength, frequently related to the disease control. Sarcopenia is the reduction of muscle mass associated with the decrease in muscle strength and/or performance, resulting in worse morbidity in chronic diseases. METHODS The objectives of this paper was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determine its association with diabetes characteristics, progression, and complications, as well as changes in bone mineral density. The sample consisted of patients with T2DM followed at the outpatient clinics of the Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, from March to August 2016. Participants were men and women above 18 years with T2DM diagnosed at least 1 year earlier. Individuals with chronic diseases, users of any drug that modifies body composition, patients with body mass index (BMI) > 35 or < 18 kg/m2, and users of illicit drugs or hormonal or nutritional supplementation were excluded. The selected patients answered questionnaires about demographics, eating habits, and disease characteristics, and performed a bone densitometry exam in a dual energy absorptiometry (total body; spine and femur (total and neck)), a handgrip test by manual dynamometer, and an evaluation of the abdominal circumference (AC). The medical records were reviewed seeking diabetes data and laboratory test results. Patients were matched for sex, age, and race with healthy controls [Control Group (CG)]. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was conducted according to the criteria of the Foundation for National Institute of Health. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 83 patients in the DG and 83 in the CG. The DG had higher BMI, WC, past history of fractures and lower calcium and healthy diet intake (p < 0.005), compared to the CG. The DG presented a higher frequency of abnormal BMD (osteopenia in 45 (53%), and osteoporosis in 14 (19%)) and comorbidities than the CG (p < 0.005). Pre-sarcopenia was not different between groups, but muscle weakness was present in 25 diabetics (18 women) and only in 5 controls (4 men) (p = 0.00036). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 13 (16.2%) patients in the DG and 2 (2.4%) in the CG (p = 0.01168). Pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia were associated with altered BMD (p < 0.005), with no association with diabetes duration or control. Body mass index and osteoporosis increased the likelihood to have sarcopenia, but hypertension and healthy diet decreased it. CONCLUSION The DG had altered BMD associated with worse glycemic control, and a higher prevalence of sarcopenia, suggesting the need to look for their presence in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Aguiar Moreira
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (SEMPR), Avenida Agostinho Leão Júnior, 285, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR 80030-110 Brazil
| | - Victória Zeghbi Cochenski Borba
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (SEMPR), Avenida Agostinho Leão Júnior, 285, Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR 80030-110 Brazil
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82
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Bauer JM, Morley JE. The relevance of healthy diets for the prevention of frailty and cognitive impairment. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:1-3. [PMID: 29049044 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen M Bauer
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Agaplesion Bethanien Krankenhaus Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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83
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Silva R, Pizato N, da Mata F, Figueiredo A, Ito M, Pereira MG. Mediterranean Diet and Musculoskeletal-Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:655-663. [PMID: 29806854 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging is increasing and this process together with its characteristics influence the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions and musculoskeletal-functional outcomes such as frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia. Nutritional strategies focused on dietary patterns, such as a Mediterranean diet, can be protective from these outcomes. PURPOSE To investigate the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people. METHODS We systematically reviewed electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and others) and grey literature for articles investigating the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in community-dwelling people aged 60 and over. Study selection, quality of study assessment and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors. Random effects meta-analyses were performed, and pooled Odds Ratios (OR) were obtained. RESULTS After the literature search, screening and eligibility investigation, we included 12studies, with a total of 20,518 subjects. A higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was found to be inversely associated with frailty (OR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.65, I2=24.9%, p=0.262) and functional disability (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.93, I2=0.0%, p=0.78). Highly different study characteristics prevented us from performing a meta-analysis for sarcopenia. Cohort data indicated no association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia; however, cross-sectional results showed a positive relationship. CONCLUSION A Mediterranean diet is protective of frailty and functional disability, but not of sarcopenia. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand the relationship between a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Silva
- Roberta Silva, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil, ;
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84
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Mohseni R, Aliakbar S, Abdollahi A, Yekaninejad MS, Maghbooli Z, Mirzaei K. Relationship between major dietary patterns and sarcopenia among menopausal women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:1241-1248. [PMID: 28224473 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dietary habits have been associated with the prevalence of the sarcopenia and limited data are available in this field for menopausal women. This study focused on the relationship between dietary patterns and prevalence of the sarcopenia in menopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done in 250 menopausal women 45 years old or older. Dietary data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire and physical activity was assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Height, weight, skeletal muscle mass, hand grip, and gait speed were measured and sarcopenia was defined based on European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) guidelines. RESULTS Using factor analysis, two major dietary patterns were found: a Western pattern (high in commercial beverage, sugar and dessert, snacks, solid fat, potato, high fat dairy, legume, organ meat, fast food, and sweets) and a Mediterranean pattern (high in olive, low-fat dairy, vegetable, fish, nut, and vegetable oil). After adjusting for confounding variables, for the highest vs the lowest tertiles, the Odds Ratio (OR) for sarcopenia was 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47-2.37] in the Western pattern and 0.40 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17-0.89] in the Mediterranean pattern. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Mediterranean dietary pattern has a favorable role in the prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohseni
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Aliakbar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Maghbooli
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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85
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Alternate Mediterranean diet score is positively associated with skeletal muscle mass index in middle-aged adults. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1181-1188. [PMID: 28514984 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Researches have suggested Mediterranean diet might lower the risk of chronic diseases, but data on skeletal muscle mass (SMM) are limited. This community-based cross-sectional study examined the association between the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMDS) and SMM in 2230 females and 1059 males aged 40-75 years in Guangzhou, China. General information and habitual dietary information were assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted during 2008-2010 and 3 years later. The aMDS was calculated by summing the dichotomous points for the items of higher intakes of whole grain, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, fish and ratio of MUFA:SFA, lower red meat and moderate ethanol consumption. The SMM of the whole body, limbs, arms and legs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry during 2011-2013. After adjusting for potential covariates, higher aMDS was positively associated with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, SMM/height2, kg/m2) at all of the studied sites in males (all P trend<0·05). The multiple covariate-adjusted SMI means were 2·70 % (whole body), 2·65 % (limbs), 2·50 % (arms) and 2·70 % (legs) higher in the high (v. low) category aMDS in males (all P<0·05). In females, the corresponding values were 1·35 % (P trend=0·03), 1·05, 0·52 and 1·20 %, (P trend>0·05). Age-stratified analyses showed that the favourable associations tended to be more pronounced in the younger subjects aged less than the medians of 59·2 and 62·2 years in females and males (P interaction>0·10). In conclusion, the aMDS shows protective associations with SMM in Chinese adults, particularly in male and younger subjects.
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86
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Shafiee G, Keshtkar A, Soltani A, Ahadi Z, Larijani B, Heshmat R. Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta- analysis of general population studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:21. [PMID: 28523252 PMCID: PMC5434551 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and function, is one of the most important health problems in elderly with a high rate of adverse outcomes. However, several studies have investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in the world, the results have been inconsistent. The current systematic review and meta- analysis study was conducted to estimate the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders in different regions of the world. METHODS Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS and Web of Science were searched between January 2009 and December 2016. The population- based studies that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in healthy adults aged ≥ 60 years using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) definitions, were selected. According to these consensual definitions, sarcopenia was defined by presence of low muscle mass (adjusted appendicular muscle mass for height) and muscle strength (handgrip strength) or physical performance (the usual gait speed). The random effect model was used for estimation the prevalence of sarcopenia. The sex-specific prevalence of sarcopenia and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the Binomial Exact Method. Heterogeneity was assessed by subgroup analysis. RESULTS Thirty- five articles met our inclusion criteria, with a total of 58404 individuals. The overall estimates of prevalence was 10% (95% CI: 8-12%) in men and 10% (95% CI: 8-13%) in women, respectively. The prevalence was higher among non- Asian than Asian individuals in both genders especially, when the Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was used to measure muscle mass (19% vs 10% in men; 20% vs 11% in women). CONCLUSION Despite the differences encountered between the studies, regarding diagnostic tools used to measure of muscle mass and different regions of the world for estimating parameters of sarcopenia, present systematic review revealed that a substantial proportion of the old people has sarcopenia, even in healthy populations. However, sarcopenia is as a consequence of the aging progress, early diagnosis can prevent some adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahadi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Dr Shariati Hospital, North Karegar St, Tehran, 14114 Iran
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87
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Morley JE. Nutrition and Aging Well. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18:91-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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88
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Landi F, Calvani R, Tosato M, Martone AM, Fusco D, Sisto A, Ortolani E, Savera G, Salini S, Marzetti E. Age-Related Variations of Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Performance in Community-Dwellers: Results From the Milan EXPO Survey. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18:88.e17-88.e24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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89
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Changing Diet Quality in China during 2004-2011. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 14:ijerph14010013. [PMID: 28029128 PMCID: PMC5295264 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, under- and over-nutrition problems co-exist in China. However, systematic studies on the diet quality of Chinese residents have been scant. This study described the trend in diet quality of Chinese residents over a recent eight-year period and investigated the relevant influential factors. The data of Chinese adults aged 20–59 years was extracted from 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. The China diet quality index (DQI) was employed to assess the diet quality of Chinese adults. The dietary consumption data of each individual was collected using a 24-h dietary recall and weighed food records implemented for three consecutive days. A mixed ordinary least squares regression model was applied to analyze the factors influencing the DQI scores of Chinese residents. Results showed that the diet quality of Chinese residents increased from 2004 to 2006, followed by a decrease in 2009 and 2011. The income, urbanicity index, and southern dummy were positively associated with DQI scores, whereas the size of household and labor intensity were negative predictors of DQI scores. The DQI scores also varied over BMI values. With an increase of the average income level in the future, the diet quality of Chinese residents is estimated to further improve. Moreover, urbanization could also contribute to reaching a more balanced diet.
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Kelaiditi E, Jennings A, Steves CJ, Skinner J, Cassidy A, MacGregor AJ, Welch AA. Measurements of skeletal muscle mass and power are positively related to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in women. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3251-3260. [PMID: 27417218 PMCID: PMC5409925 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and function are risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. We found that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet score was significantly associated with greater fat-free mass and leg explosive power suggesting a role for the Mediterranean Diet in prevention of loss of muscle outcomes. INTRODUCTION The loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function with age are contributing risk factors for the onset of sarcopenia, frailty, osteoporosis, fractures, and mortality. Nutrition may affect the progression and trajectory of these changes in skeletal muscle but the role of the micronutrient-rich Mediterranean diet (MD) has hardly been investigated in relation to these muscle outcomes. METHODS We examined associations between the MD score (MDS) and FFM% (fat-free mass / weight × 100), FFMI (fat-free mass/height2), hand grip strength, and leg explosive power (LEP, watts/kg) in a cross-sectional study in 2570 women aged 18-79 years from the TwinsUK study. Measurements of body composition were made using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and dietary intake assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. FFM%, FFMI, grip strength, and LEP were compared across quartiles of the MDS after adjustment for covariates, with CRP measured in a subgroup (n = 1658). RESULTS Higher adherence to the MDS was positively associated with measurements of muscle outcomes, with significant differences of 1.7 % for FFM% and 9.6 % for LEP (P trend <0.001), comparing extreme quartiles of intake, but not with grip strength or CRP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS For the first time in a northern European population, we have observed significant positive associations between the MDS and FFM% and LEP in healthy women that are potentially clinically relevant, independent of the factors known to influence muscle outcomes. Our findings emphasize the potential role for overall diet quality based on the MD in the prevention of age-related loss of skeletal muscle outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kelaiditi
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A Jennings
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A J MacGregor
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A A Welch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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