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Fotsitzoudis C, Koulouridi A, Messaritakis I, Konstantinidis T, Gouvas N, Tsiaoussis J, Souglakos J. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: The Origin, Biological Characteristics and Role in Cancer-A Glance on Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184394. [PMID: 36139552 PMCID: PMC9497276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor microenvironment is a major contributor to tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. It consists of many cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which derive from different types of cells. CAFs detected in different tumor types are linked to poor prognosis, as in the case of colorectal cancer. Although their functions differ according to their subtype, their detection is not easy, and there are no established markers for such detection. They are possible targets for therapeutic treatment. Many trials are ongoing for their use as a prognostic factor and as a treatment target. More research remains to be carried out to establish their role in prognosis and treatment. Abstract The therapeutic approaches to cancer remain a considerable target for all scientists around the world. Although new cancer treatments are an everyday phenomenon, cancer still remains one of the leading mortality causes. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains in this category, although patients with CRC may have better survival compared with other malignancies. Not only the tumor but also its environment, what we call the tumor microenvironment (TME), seem to contribute to cancer progression and resistance to therapy. TME consists of different molecules and cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are a major component. They arise from normal fibroblasts and other normal cells through various pathways. Their role seems to contribute to cancer promotion, participating in tumorigenesis, proliferation, growth, invasion, metastasis and resistance to treatment. Different markers, such as a-SMA, FAP, PDGFR-β, periostin, have been used for the detection of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Their detection is important for two main reasons; research has shown that their existence is correlated with prognosis, and they are already under evaluation as a possible target for treatment. However, extensive research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Fotsitzoudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Asimina Koulouridi
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ippokratis Messaritakis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-394926
| | | | | | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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52
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The Extracellular Matrix Environment of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174072. [PMID: 36077607 PMCID: PMC9454539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The extracellular matrix (ECM) controls fundamental properties of tumors, including growth, blood vessel investment, and invasion. The ECM defines rigidity of tumor tissue and individual ECM proteins have distinct biological effects on tumor cells. This article reviews the composition and biological functions of the ECM of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The most frequent initiating genetic mutation in ccRCC inactivates the VHL gene, which plays a direct role in organizing the ECM. This is predicted to result in local ECM modification, which promotes the growth of tumor cells and the invasion of blood vessels. Later in tumor growth, connective tissue cells are recruited, which are predicted to produce large amounts of ECM, affecting the growth and invasive behaviors of tumor cells. Strategies to therapeutically control the ECM are under active investigation and a better understanding of the ccRCC ECM will determine the applicability of ECM-modifying drugs to this type of cancer. Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumors is a complex mix of components characteristic of the tissue of origin. In the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs), the tumor suppressor VHL is inactivated. VHL controls matrix organization and its loss promotes a loosely organized and angiogenic matrix, predicted to be an early step in tumor formation. During tumor evolution, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) accumulate, and they are predicted to produce abundant ECM. The ccRCC ECM composition qualitatively resembles that of the healthy kidney cortex in which the tumor arises, but there are important differences. One is the quantitative difference between a healthy cortex ECM and a tumor ECM; a tumor ECM contains a higher proportion of interstitial matrix components and a lower proportion of basement membrane components. Another is the breakdown of tissue compartments in the tumor with mixing of ECM components that are physically separated in healthy kidney cortex. Numerous studies reviewed in this work reveal effects of specific ECM components on the growth and invasive behaviors of ccRCCs, and extrapolation from other work suggests an important role for ECM in controlling ccRCC tumor rigidity, which is predicted to be a key determinant of invasive behavior.
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53
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Glabman RA, Choyke PL, Sato N. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Tumorigenicity and Targeting for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163906. [PMID: 36010899 PMCID: PMC9405783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are found in the tumor microenvironment and exhibit several protumorigenic functions. Preclinical studies suggest that CAFs can be reduced, eliminated, or reprogrammed; however, clinical translation has not yet occurred. A better understanding of these cells and their functions will undoubtedly improve cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize current research, highlight major challenges, and discuss future opportunities for improving our knowledge of CAF biology and targeting. Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogenous group of activated fibroblasts and a major component of the tumor stroma. CAFs may be derived from fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, cancer stem cells, adipocytes, pericytes, or stellate cells. These complex origins may underlie their functional diversity, which includes pro-tumorigenic roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, the suppression of anti-tumor immunity, and resistance to cancer therapy. Several methods for targeting CAFs to inhibit tumor progression and enhance anti-tumor immunity have recently been reported. While preclinical studies have shown promise, to date they have been unsuccessful in human clinical trials against melanoma, breast cancer, pancreas cancer, and colorectal cancers. This review summarizes recent and major advances in CAF-targeting therapies, including DNA-based vaccines, anti-CAF CAR-T cells, and modifying and reprogramming CAF functions. The challenges in developing effective anti-CAF treatment are highlighted, which include CAF heterogeneity and plasticity, the lack of specific target markers for CAFs, the limitations in animal models recapitulating the human cancer microenvironment, and the undesirable off-target and systemic side effects. Overcoming these challenges and expanding our understanding of the basic biology of CAFs is necessary for making progress towards safe and effective therapeutic strategies against cancers in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa A. Glabman
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-858-3079
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54
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Dooling LJ, Saini K, Anlaş AA, Discher DE. Tissue mechanics coevolves with fibrillar matrisomes in healthy and fibrotic tissues. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:153-188. [PMID: 35764212 PMCID: PMC9990088 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar proteins are principal components of extracellular matrix (ECM) that confer mechanical properties to tissues. Fibrosis can result from wound repair in nearly every tissue in adults, and it associates with increased ECM density and crosslinking as well as increased tissue stiffness. Such fibrotic tissues are a major biomedical challenge, and an emerging view posits that the altered mechanical environment supports both synthetic and contractile myofibroblasts in a state of persistent activation. Here, we review the matrisome in several fibrotic diseases, as well as normal tissues, with a focus on physicochemical properties. Stiffness generally increases with the abundance of fibrillar collagens, the major constituent of ECM, with similar mathematical trends for fibrosis as well as adult tissues from soft brain to stiff bone and heart development. Changes in expression of other core matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins or proteoglycans contribute to tissue stiffening in fibrosis by organizing collagen, crosslinking ECM, and facilitating adhesion of myofibroblasts. Understanding how ECM composition and mechanics coevolve during fibrosis can lead to better models and help with antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Dooling
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karanvir Saini
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alişya A Anlaş
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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55
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Pan H, Pan J, Wu J. Development and validation of a cancer-associated fibroblast-derived lncRNA signature for predicting clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934221. [PMID: 35967425 PMCID: PMC9374325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are actively involved in cancer progression through generating extracellular matrix and orchestrating the crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study aimed to develop and validate a CAF-derived lncRNA (long non-coding RNA) (CAFDL) signature for predicting clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). Clinical data and transcriptomic profiles of 2,320 patients with CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-COAD and TCGA-READ datasets and 16 Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were included in this study. CAFDLs were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The CAFDL signature was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis in the TCGA-CRC training set. Multiple CRC cohorts and pan-cancer cohorts were used to validated the CAFDL signature. Patients with high CAFDL scores had significantly worse overall survival and disease-free survival than patients with low CAFDL scores in all CRC cohorts. In addition, non-responders to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)/fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, bevacizumab, and immune checkpoint inhibitors had significantly higher CAFDL scores compared with responders. Pan-cancer analysis showed that CAFDL had prognostic predictive power in multiple cancers such as lung adenocarcinoma, breast invasive carcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma. The CAFDL signature was positively correlated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis pathways but negatively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoints such as PDCD1, CD274, and CTLA4. The CAFDL signature reflects CAF properties from a lncRNA perspective and effectively predicts clinical outcomes in CRC and across pan-cancer. The CAFDL signature can serve as a useful tool for risk stratification and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of CAFs in cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Pan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongda Pan, ; Jianghong Wu,
| | - Jingxin Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongda Pan, ; Jianghong Wu,
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56
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Ledoult E, Jendoubi M, Collet A, Guerrier T, Largy A, Speca S, Vivier S, Bray F, Figeac M, Hachulla E, Labalette M, Leprêtre F, Sebda S, Sanges S, Rolando C, Sobanski V, Dubucquoi S, Launay D. Simple gene signature to assess murine fibroblast polarization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11748. [PMID: 35817787 PMCID: PMC9273630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide an original multi-stage approach identifying a gene signature to assess murine fibroblast polarization. Prototypic polarizations (inflammatory/fibrotic) were induced by seeded mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with TNFα or TGFß1, respectively. The transcriptomic and proteomic profiles were obtained by RNA microarray and LC-MS/MS. Gene Ontology and pathways analysis were performed among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs). Balb/c mice underwent daily intradermal injections of HOCl (or PBS) as an experimental murine model of inflammation-mediated fibrosis in a time-dependent manner. As results, 1456 and 2215 DEGs, and 289 and 233 DEPs were respectively found in MEFs in response to TNFα or TGFß1, respectively. Among the most significant pathways, we combined 26 representative genes to encompass the proinflammatory and profibrotic polarizations of fibroblasts. Based on principal component analysis, this signature deciphered baseline state, proinflammatory polarization, and profibrotic polarization as accurately as RNA microarray and LC-MS/MS did. Then, we assessed the gene signature on dermal fibroblasts isolated from the experimental murine model. We observed a proinflammatory polarization at day 7, and a mixture of a proinflammatory and profibrotic polarizations at day 42 in line with histological findings. Our approach provides a small-size and convenient gene signature to assess murine fibroblast polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ledoult
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France. .,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France. .,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Manel Jendoubi
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Aurore Collet
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Guerrier
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pole Biologie et d'Anatomopathologie, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Largy
- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Silvia Speca
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Solange Vivier
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bray
- CNRS, UAR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation Pour La Synthèse, Univ. Lille, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Eric Hachulla
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Labalette
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pole Biologie et d'Anatomopathologie, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Leprêtre
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Sanges
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- CNRS, UAR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation Pour La Synthèse, Univ. Lille, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, 59000, Lille, France.,Shrieking Sixties, 1-3 Allée Lavoisier, 59650, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Vincent Sobanski
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Dubucquoi
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pole Biologie et d'Anatomopathologie, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
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57
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Novruzov E, Mori Y, Antke C, Dabir M, Schmitt D, Kratochwil C, Koerber SA, Haberkorn U, Giesel FL. A Role of Non-FDG Tracers in Lung Cancer? Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:720-733. [PMID: 35803770 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of PET/CT hybrid imaging about two decades ago the landscape of oncological imaging has fundamentally changed, opening a new era of molecular imaging with emphasis on functional characterization of biological processes such as metabolism, cellular proliferation, hypoxia, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune response. The most commonly assessed functional hallmark of cancer is the increased metabolism in tumor cells due to well-known Warburg effect, because of which FDG has been the most employed radiotracer, the so-called pan-cancer agent, in oncological imaging. However, several limitations such as low specificity and low sensitivity for several histopathological forms of lung cancer as well as high background uptake in the normal tissue of FDG imaging lead to numerous serious pitfalls. This restricts its utilization and diagnostic value in lung cancer imaging, even though this is currently considered to be the method of choice in pulmonary cancer imaging. Accurate initial tumor staging and therapy response monitoring with respect to the TNM criteria plays a crucial role in therapy planning and management in patients with lung cancer. To this end, many efforts have been made for decades to develop novel PET radiopharmaceuticals with innovative approaches that go beyond the assessment of increased glycolytic activity alone. Radiopharmaceuticals targeting DNA synthesis, amino acid metabolism, angiogenesis, or hypoxia have been extensively studied, leading to the emergence of indications for specific clinical questions or as a complementary imaging tool alongside existing conventional or FDG imaging. Nevertheless, despite some initial encouraging results, these tracers couldn't gain a widespread use and acceptance in clinical routine. However, given its mechanism of action and some initial pilot studies regarding lung cancer imaging, FAPI has emerged as a very promising alternative tool that could provide superior or comparable diagnostic performance to FDG imaging in lung cancer entities. Thus, in this review article, we summarized the current PET radiopharmaceuticals, different imaging approaches and discussed the potential benefits and clinical applications of these agents in lung cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Novruzov
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuriko Mori
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Antke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Mardjan Dabir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmitt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan A Koerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik L Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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58
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Menezes S, Okail MH, Jalil SMA, Kocher HM, Cameron AJM. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer: new subtypes, new markers, new targets. J Pathol 2022; 257:526-544. [PMID: 35533046 PMCID: PMC9327514 DOI: 10.1002/path.5926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have conflicting roles in the suppression and promotion of cancer. Current research focuses on targeting the undesirable properties of CAFs, while attempting to maintain tumour-suppressive roles. CAFs have been widely associated with primary or secondary therapeutic resistance, and strategies to modify CAF function have therefore largely focussed on their combination with existing therapies. Despite significant progress in preclinical studies, clinical translation of CAF targeted therapies has achieved limited success. Here we will review our emerging understanding of heterogeneous CAF populations in tumour biology and use examples from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to explore why successful clinical targeting of protumourigenic CAF functions remains elusive. Single-cell technologies have allowed the identification of CAF subtypes with a differential impact on prognosis and response to therapy, but currently without clear consensus. Identification and pharmacological targeting of CAF subtypes associated with immunotherapy response offers new hope to expand clinical options for pancreatic cancer. Various CAF subtype markers may represent biomarkers for patient stratification, to obtain enhanced response with existing and emerging combinatorial therapeutic strategies. Thus, CAF subtyping is the next frontier in understanding and exploiting the tumour microenvironment for therapeutic benefit. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinelle Menezes
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science CentreLondonUK
| | - Mohamed Hazem Okail
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science CentreLondonUK
| | - Siti Munira Abd Jalil
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science CentreLondonUK
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science CentreLondonUK
- Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Angus J M Cameron
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science CentreLondonUK
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59
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Zhang M, Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhao H, Du Y. The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2637. [PMID: 35681617 PMCID: PMC9179444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic tumor and is generally resistant to conventional treatments. Stable cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important cellular components in the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment and may provide novel resources for future treatment strategies. Different subtypes of CAFs display specific functions in tumor pathogenesis and various CAF markers suggest potential treatment targets, such as FAP and GPR77. Both autocrine and paracrine cytokines play important roles in the CAF activation process and regulate tumor progression. Downstream mediators and pathways, including IL-6, TGF-β, NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and AKT/mTOR/(p70S6K), play important roles in the initiation, proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells and also participate in angiogenesis, therapeutic resistance, and other biological processes. Several clinical or preclinical trials have targeted stromal fibroblasts and focused on the properties of CAFs to enhance ovarian cancer treatment outcomes. This review concentrates on the origins, subtypes, and activation of CAFs, as well as specific roles of CAFs in regulating tumor development and drug resistance, and aims to provide potential and prospective targets for improving the therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (M.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhixian Chen
- Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (M.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (M.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (M.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yan Du
- Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (M.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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Noguchi Y, Taki A, Honda I, Sugie M, Shidei T, Ito K, Iwata H, Koyama A, Okazaki K, Kondo M, Morioka C, Kashimada K, Morio T. Transcriptome analysis of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells revealed fetal programming due to chorioamnionitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6537. [PMID: 35444246 PMCID: PMC9021264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chorioamnionitis (CAM) has been demonstrated to be associated with numerous short- and long-term morbidities, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. One of the reasons for this is the lack of appropriate models for analyzing the relationship between the fetal environment and chorioamnionitis and fetal programming in humans. In this study, we aimed to clarify the fetal programming caused by CAM using the gene expression profiles of UCMSCs. From nine preterm neonates with CAM (n = 4) or without CAM (n = 5), we established UCMSCs. The gene expression profiles obtained by RNA-seq analysis revealed distinctive changes in the CAM group USMSCs. The UCMSCs in the CAM group had a myofibroblast-like phenotype with significantly increased expression levels of myofibroblast-related genes, including α-smooth muscle actin (p < 0.05). In the pathway analysis, the genes involved in DNA replication and G1 to S cell cycle control were remarkably decreased, suggesting that cellular proliferation was impaired, as confirmed by the cellular proliferation assay (p < 0.01–0.05). Pathway analysis revealed that genes related to white fat cell differentiation were significantly increased. Our results could explain the long-term outcomes of patients who were exposed to CAM and revealed that UCMSCs could be an in vitro model of fetal programming affected by CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuko Taki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Izumi Honda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan
| | - Manabu Sugie
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tsunanori Shidei
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ito
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Haruka Iwata
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Koyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan
| | - Kaoru Okazaki
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8561, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kondo
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8561, Japan
| | - Chikako Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Burr SD, Dorroh CC, Stewart JA. Rap1a Activity Elevated the Impact of Endogenous AGEs in Diabetic Collagen to Stimulate Increased Myofibroblast Transition and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094480. [PMID: 35562872 PMCID: PMC9101126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetics have an increased risk for heart failure due to cardiac fibroblast functional changes occurring as a result of AGE/RAGE signaling. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels are higher in diabetics and stimulate elevated RAGE (receptor for AGE) signaling. AGE/RAGE signaling can alter the expression of proteins linked to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and oxidative stressors. Our lab has identified a small GTPase, Rap1a, that may overlap the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway. We sought to determine the role Rap1a plays in mediating AGE/RAGE changes and to assess the impact of isolated collagen on further altering these changes. Primary cardiac fibroblasts from non-diabetic and diabetic mice with and without RAGE expression and from mice lacking Rap1a were cultured on tail collagen extracted from non-diabetic or diabetic mice, and in addition, cells were treated with Rap1a activator, EPAC. Protein analyses were performed for changes in RAGE-associated signaling proteins (RAGE, PKC-ζ, ERK1/2) and downstream RAGE signaling outcomes (α-SMA, NF-κB, SOD-2). Increased levels of endogenous AGEs within the diabetic collagen and increased Rap1a activity promoted myofibroblast transition and oxidative stress, suggesting Rap1a activity elevated the impact of AGEs in the diabetic ECM to stimulate myofibroblast transition and oxidative stress.
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HU X, LI S, YANG D, GU N, LIU J, WANG Y, LIU L, SUN Y. Modified Gexiazhuyu decoction alleviates chronic salpingitis p38 signaling pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:213-220. [PMID: 35473341 PMCID: PMC9924770 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate pharmacodynamic effects of modified Gexiazhuyu decoction (MGXZYD) and explore the underlying mechanism in the treatment of chronic salpingitis METHODS: Chronic salpingitis model rats were firstly constructed and the blood was collected to detect the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. Rat oviduct were collected to evaluate the macroscopic damage and the pathological injury and fibrosis of oviduct by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Elisa assay was to detect the production interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in serum and collagen I (COL-1), matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in oviduct tissue. And immunohistochemical staining with MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in oviduct tissue were examined. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), phospho-p38MPAK (p-p38MPAK), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in oviduct. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), p-p38MPAK, in oviduct tissue were detected by immunofluorescence method. The mRNA of p-p38MAPK, α -SMA, COL-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1 was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Rats administrated with MGXZYD demonstrated decreased the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. MGXZYD obviously improved the tubal wall thickening, swelling and pelvic adhesion. And HE and Masson staining showed MGXZYD improved the pathological injury and fibrosis of oviduct. The results of MTT assay and flow cytometry indicated that MGXZYD could decreased the NIN-3T3 cells viability and improved the apoptosis. Besides, MGXZYD inhibited the protein and / or mRNA of TGF-β1, IL-1β, COL-1, α-SMA, p-p38MAPK expressions and increased the production of MMP-9/TIMP-1. CONCLUSION MGXZYD could prevent the progression of chronic salpingitis by inhibited the fibrocyte and inflammation which inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao HU
- 1 Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Shuoxi LI
- 2 Jiamusi College of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 154000, China
| | - Dongxia YANG
- 3 Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Na GU
- 4 General Hospital of Heilongjiang Forest Industry, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jinzhe LIU
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yawen WANG
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Li LIU
- 6 First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
- LIU Li, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
| | - Yiming SUN
- 7 Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Heilongjiang 150036, China
- SUN Yiming, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Heilongjiang 150036, China.
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Moskwa N, Mahmood A, Nelson DA, Altrieth AL, Forni PE, Larsen M. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals PDGFRα+ stromal cell subpopulations that promote proacinar cell differentiation in embryonic salivary gland organoids. Development 2022; 149:dev200167. [PMID: 35224622 PMCID: PMC8977102 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells can direct the differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells during organ development. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is essential for submandibular salivary gland development. Through stromal fibroblast cells, FGF2 can indirectly regulate proacinar cell differentiation in organoids, but the mechanisms are not understood. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing and identified multiple stromal cell subsets, including Pdgfra+ stromal subsets expressing both Fgf2 and Fgf10. When combined with epithelial progenitor cells in organoids, magnetic-activated cell-sorted PDGFRα+ cells promoted proacinar cell differentiation similarly to total stroma. Gene expression analysis revealed that FGF2 increased the expression of multiple stromal genes, including Bmp2 and Bmp7. Both BMP2 and BMP7 synergized with FGF2, stimulating proacinar cell differentiation but not branching. However, stromal cells grown without FGF2 did not support proacinar organoid differentiation and instead differentiated into myofibroblasts. In organoids, TGFβ1 treatment stimulated myofibroblast differentiation and inhibited the proacinar cell differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells. Conversely, FGF2 reversed the effects of TGFβ1. We also demonstrated that adult salivary stromal cells were FGF2 responsive and could promote proacinar cell differentiation. These FGF2 signaling pathways may have applications in future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Moskwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Ayma Mahmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Amber L. Altrieth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Paolo E. Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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Single-cell analysis reveals that cancer-associated fibroblasts stimulate oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 55:262-273. [PMID: 36148955 PMCID: PMC10157546 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in cancer biology and treatment, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still not satisfactory because of local tumor invasion and frequent lymph node metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a potential target in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are of great significance due to their interactions with cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we focus on the crosstalk between cancer cells and CAFs and discover that CAFs are the main source of TGF-β1. Transwell assays and western blot analysis further prove that CAFs activate the TGF-β1/Smad pathway to promote OSCC invasion. Through survival analysis, we confirm that CAF overexpression is correlated with poor overall survival in OSCC. To further elucidate the origin and role of CAFs in OSCC, we analyze single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 14 OSCC tumor samples and identify four distinct cell types, including CAFs, in the TME, indicating high intratumoral heterogeneity. Then, two subtypes of CAFs, namely, myofibroblasts (mCAFs) and inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs), are further distinguished. Based on the differentially upregulated genes of mCAFs and iCAFs, GO enrichment analysis reveals their different roles in OSCC progression. Furthermore, the gene expression pattern is dynamically altered across pseudotime, potentially taking part in the transformation from epithelial to mCAFs or iCAFs through the epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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Kuznetsova AV, Popova OP, Astakhov DA, Ivanov YV, Panchenkov DN, Ivanov AA. [Epithelial-stromal interactions in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: the role of stroma in disease progression]. Arkh Patol 2022; 84:65-70. [PMID: 36178225 DOI: 10.17116/patol20228405165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and difficult to treat form of pancreas cancer. PDAC and other solid cancers contain both tumor cells and normal connective tissue cells called stromal cells, which are responsible for the excess production of extracellular matrix. It is known that in more than 90% of PDAC tumors and in many other types of cancer, mutations of the KRAS gene are observed, the reciprocal signaling of which has been shown between tumor and stromal cells in vitro. Pancreatic stromal stellate cells are considered precursors of activated or tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are an increasing population of cells that proliferate in situ or are recruited into the tumor. CAFs are a heterogeneous population of stromal fibroblasts with different molecular profiles that change during tumorigenesis. Both immunosuppressive and immunosuppressive subsets of CAFs can coexist in the stroma of a single tumor. Based on the heterogeneity of the intertumor stroma, attempts are being made to classify PDAC and predict the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kuznetsova
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O P Popova
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Astakhov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y V Ivanov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Panchenkov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Ivanov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
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Cortesi M, Zanoni M, Pirini F, Tumedei MM, Ravaioli S, Rapposelli IG, Frassineti GL, Bravaccini S. Pancreatic Cancer and Cellular Senescence: Tumor Microenvironment under the Spotlight. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010254. [PMID: 35008679 PMCID: PMC8745092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers due to its late manifestation and resistance to current therapies. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the malignant behavior of this cancer is mainly influenced by the associated strongly immunosuppressive, desmoplastic microenvironment and by the relatively low mutational burden. PDAC develops and progresses through a multi-step process. Early in tumorigenesis, cancer cells must evade the effects of cellular senescence, which slows proliferation and promotes the immune-mediated elimination of pre-malignant cells. The role of senescence as a tumor suppressor has been well-established; however, recent evidence has revealed novel pro-tumorigenic paracrine functions of senescent cells towards their microenvironment. Understanding the interactions between tumors and their microenvironment is a growing research field, with evidence having been provided that non-tumoral cells composing the tumor microenvironment (TME) influence tumor proliferation, metabolism, cell death, and therapeutic resistance. Simultaneously, cancer cells shape a tumor-supportive and immunosuppressive environment, influencing both non-tumoral neighboring and distant cells. The overall intention of this review is to provide an overview of the interplay that occurs between senescent and non-senescent cell types and to describe how such interplay may have an impact on PDAC progression. Specifically, the effects and the molecular changes occurring in non-cancerous cells during senescence, and how these may contribute to a tumor-permissive microenvironment, will be discussed. Finally, senescence targeting strategies will be briefly introduced, highlighting their potential in the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Francesca Pirini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Tumedei
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Ravaioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
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Delinassios JG, Hoffman RM. The cancer-inhibitory effects of proliferating tumor-residing fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188673. [PMID: 34953931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Initiation, local progression, and metastasis of cancer are associated with specific morphological, molecular, and functional changes in the extracellular matrix and the fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the early stages of tumor development, fibroblasts are an obstacle that cancer cells must surpass or nullify to progress. Thus, in early tumor progression, specific signaling from cancer cells activates bio-pathways, which abolish the innate anticancer properties of fibroblasts and convert a high proportion of them to tumor-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Following this initial event, a wide spectrum of gene expression changes gradually leads to the development of a stromal fibroblast population with complex heterogeneity, creating fibroblast subtypes with characteristic profiles, which may alternate between being tumor-promotive and tumor-suppressive, topologically and chronologically in the TME. These fibroblast subtypes form the tumor's histological landscape including areas of cancer growth, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion fronts, proliferating and non-proliferating fibroblasts, cancer-cell apoptosis, fibroblast apoptosis, and necrosis. These features reflect general deregulation of tissue homeostasis within the TME. This review discusses fundamental and current knowledge that has established the existence of anticancer fibroblasts within the various interacting elements of the TME. It is proposed that the maintenance of fibroblast proliferation is an essential parameter for the activation of their anticancer capacity, similar to that by which normal fibroblasts would be activated in wound repair, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis. Encouragement of research in this direction may render new means of cancer therapy and a greater understanding of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Delinassios
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, 1(st) km Kapandritiou-Kalamou Rd., Kapandriti, 19014 Attica, Greece.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, 9300 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
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Scaling concepts in 'omics: Nuclear lamin-B scales with tumor growth and often predicts poor prognosis, unlike fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112940118. [PMID: 34810266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112940118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical principles such as stoichiometry and fractal assembly can give rise to characteristic scaling between components that potentially include coexpressed transcripts. For key structural factors within the nucleus and extracellular matrix, we discover specific gene-gene scaling exponents across many of the 32 tumor types in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and we demonstrate utility in predicting patient survival as well as scaling-informed machine learning (SIML). All tumors with adjacent tissue data show cancer-elevated proliferation genes, with some genes scaling with the nuclear filament LMNB1, including the transcription factor FOXM1 that we show directly regulates LMNB1 SIML shows that such regulated cancers cluster together with longer overall survival than dysregulated cancers, but high LMNB1 and FOXM1 in half of regulated cancers surprisingly predict poor survival, including for liver cancer. COL1A1 is also studied because it too increases in tumors, and a pan-cancer set of fibrosis genes shows substoichiometric scaling with COL1A1 but predicts patient outcome only for liver cancer-unexpectedly being prosurvival. Single-cell RNA-seq data show nontrivial scaling consistent with power laws from bulk RNA and protein analyses, and SIML segregates synthetic from contractile cancer fibroblasts. Our scaling approach thus yields fundamentals-based power laws relatable to survival, gene function, and experiments.
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The Extracellular Matrix Environment of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Determines Cancer Associated Fibroblast Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235873. [PMID: 34884982 PMCID: PMC8657052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common kidney cancer and is often caused by mutations in the oxygen-sensing machinery of kidney epithelial cells. Due to its pseudo-hypoxic state, ccRCC recruits extensive vasculature and other stromal components. Conventional cell culture methods provide poor representation of stromal cell types in primary cultures of ccRCC, and we hypothesized that mimicking the extracellular environment of the tumor would promote growth of both tumor and stromal cells. We employed proteomics to identify the components of ccRCC extracellular matrix (ECM) and found that in contrast to healthy kidney cortex, laminin, collagen IV, and entactin/nidogen are minor contributors. Instead, the ccRCC ECM is composed largely of collagen VI, fibronectin, and tenascin C. Analysis of single cell expression data indicates that cancer-associated fibroblasts are a major source of tumor ECM production. Tumor cells as well as stromal cells bind efficiently to a nine-component ECM blend characteristic of ccRCC. Primary patient-derived tumor cells bind the nine-component blend efficiently, allowing to us to establish mixed primary cultures of tumor cells and stromal cells. These miniature patient-specific replicas are conducive to microscopy and can be used to analyze interactions between cells in a model tumor microenvironment.
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Rao Y, Zhong D, Qiu K, Cheng D, Li L, Zhang Y, Mao M, Pang W, Li D, Song Y, Li J, Dong Y, Zhang W, Yu H, Ren J, Zhao Y. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Phagocytosis-Related Dual-Feature Cells in A Model of Acute Otitis Media in Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760954. [PMID: 34759932 PMCID: PMC8572853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms of acute otitis media (AOM) development, and the intercellular crosstalk within the multicellular ecosystem of AOM, are not clear. Methods We established a model of AOM in rats (with normal rats as controls) and undertook single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for the middle-ear mucosa (MEM). Cell clustering and trajectory analyses were undertaken using Seurat and Monocle 2 packages in R software. Pathway analyses were done by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Cell-cell interactions were inferred by CellChat. Cell scores were calculated to identify cells with dual-feature. Results A total of 7023 cells from three samples of inflamed MEM and 5258 cells from three samples of healthy MEM underwent scRNA-seq, which identified 20 cell clusters belonging to eight major cell types. After exposure to lipopolysaccharide, the MEM underwent significant conversion of cell types characterized by rapid infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. M2 macrophages seemed to play a key part in inflammatory intercellular crosstalk, which facilitated the maintenance and proliferation of macrophages, cell chemotaxis, and regulation of the proinflammatory activities of cytokines. Three rare cell clusters with phagocytosis-related dual-feature were also identified. They coexisted with professional phagocytes in the MEM, and displayed distinct immunoregulatory functions by maintaining a normal immune microenvironment or influencing inflammation progression. Conclusions Macrophages might be the "master" initiators and regulators of the inflammatory response of the MEM to external stimuli. And their functions are fulfilled by a specific polarization status (M2) and sophisticated intercellular crosstalk via certain signaling pathways. Besides, the coexistence of professional phagocytes and non-professional phagocytes as well as their interplay in the MEM provides new clues for deciphering the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Rao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dalin Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minzi Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wendu Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daibo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijun Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haopeng Yu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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71
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Mao X, Xu J, Wang W, Liang C, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Meng Q, Yu X, Shi S. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:131. [PMID: 34635121 PMCID: PMC8504100 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 272.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Through multiple pathways, activated CAFs can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, along with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and even chemoresistance. Numerous previous studies have confirmed the critical role of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells in tumorigenesis and development. However, recently, the mutual effects of CAFs and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have been identified as another key factor in promoting tumor progression. The TIME mainly consists of distinct immune cell populations in tumor islets and is highly associated with the antitumor immunological state in the TME. CAFs interact with tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as other immune components within the TIME via the secretion of various cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, exosomes and other effector molecules, consequently shaping an immunosuppressive TME that enables cancer cells to evade surveillance of the immune system. In-depth studies of CAFs and immune microenvironment interactions, particularly the complicated mechanisms connecting CAFs with immune cells, might provide novel strategies for subsequent targeted immunotherapies. Herein, we shed light on recent advances regarding the direct and indirect crosstalk between CAFs and infiltrating immune cells and further summarize the possible immunoinhibitory mechanisms induced by CAFs in the TME. In addition, we present current related CAF-targeting immunotherapies and briefly describe some future perspectives on CAF research in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Mao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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72
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Perreault LR, Le TT, Oudin MJ, Black LD. RNA sequencing indicates age-dependent shifts in the cardiac fibroblast transcriptome between fetal, neonatal, and adult developmental ages. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:414-429. [PMID: 34281425 PMCID: PMC8560366 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00074.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for extracellular matrix turnover and repair in the cardiac environment and serve to help facilitate immune responses. However, it is well established that they have a significant phenotypic heterogeneity with respect to location, physiological conditions, and developmental age. The goal of this study was to provide an in-depth transcriptomic profile of cardiac fibroblasts derived from rat hearts at fetal, neonatal, and adult developmental ages to ascertain variations in gene expression that may drive functional differences in these cells at these specific stages of development. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of cardiac fibroblasts isolated from fetal, neonatal, and adult rats and compared with the rat genome. Principal component analysis of RNA-seq data suggested that data variance was predominantly due to developmental age. Differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis against Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes datasets indicated an array of differences across developmental ages, including significant decreases in cardiac development and cardiac function-associated genes with age and a significant increase in immune- and inflammatory-associated functions, particularly immune cell signaling and cytokine and chemokine production, with respect to increasing developmental age. These results reinforce established evidence of diverse phenotypic heterogeneity of fibroblasts with respect to developmental age. Furthermore, based on our analysis of gene expression, age-specific alterations in cardiac fibroblasts may play a crucial role in observed differences in cardiac inflammation and immune response observed across developmental ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Thanh T Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Madeleine J Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
- Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren D Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
- Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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73
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Helms EJ, Berry MW, Chaw RC, DuFort CC, Sun D, Onate MK, Oon C, Bhattacharyya S, Sanford-Crane H, Horton W, Finan JM, Sattler A, Makar R, Dawson DW, Xia Z, Hingorani SR, Sherman MH. Mesenchymal Lineage Heterogeneity Underlies Non-Redundant Functions of Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancer Discov 2021; 12:484-501. [PMID: 34548310 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) heterogeneity is increasingly appreciated, but the origins and functions of distinct CAF subtypes remain poorly understood. The abundant and transcriptionally diverse CAF population in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is thought to arise from a common cell of origin, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), with diversification resulting from cytokine and growth factor gradients within the tumor microenvironment. Here we analyzed the differentiation and function of PSCs during tumor progression in vivo. Contrary to expectations, we found that PSCs give rise to a numerically minor subset of PDAC CAFs. Targeted ablation of PSC-derived CAFs within their host tissue revealed non-redundant functions for this defined CAF population in shaping the PDAC microenvironment, including production of specific extracellular matrix components and tissue stiffness regulation. Together, these findings link stromal evolution from distinct cells of origin to transcriptional heterogeneity among PDAC CAFs, and demonstrate unique functions for CAFs of a defined cellular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark W Berry
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Duanchen Sun
- Computational biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | - Chet Oon
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine
| | - Sohinee Bhattacharyya
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine
| | - Hannah Sanford-Crane
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine
| | - Wesley Horton
- Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Jennifer M Finan
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Ariana Sattler
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Rosemary Makar
- Knight BioLibrary, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine
| | - David W Dawson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Zheng Xia
- Computational Biology Program; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | - Mara H Sherman
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine
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74
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Myofibroblasts: Function, Formation, and Scope of Molecular Therapies for Skin Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081095. [PMID: 34439762 PMCID: PMC8391320 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with multiple roles in pathophysiological processes. Myofibroblasts mediate wound contractions, but their persistent presence in tissues is central to driving fibrosis, making them attractive cell targets for the development of therapeutic treatments. However, due to shared cellular markers with several other phenotypes, the specific targeting of myofibroblasts has long presented a scientific and clinical challenge. In recent years, myofibroblasts have drawn much attention among scientific research communities from multiple disciplines and specialisations. As further research uncovers the characterisations of myofibroblast formation, function, and regulation, the realisation of novel interventional routes for myofibroblasts within pathologies has emerged. The research community is approaching the means to finally target these cells, to prevent fibrosis, accelerate scarless wound healing, and attenuate associated disease-processes in clinical settings. This comprehensive review article describes the myofibroblast cell phenotype, their origins, and their diverse physiological and pathological functionality. Special attention has been given to mechanisms and molecular pathways governing myofibroblast differentiation, and updates in molecular interventions.
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75
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Huang X, Khoong Y, Han C, Su D, Ma H, Gu S, Li Q, Zan T. Targeting Dermal Fibroblast Subtypes in Antifibrotic Therapy: Surface Marker as a Cellular Identity or a Functional Entity? Front Physiol 2021; 12:694605. [PMID: 34335301 PMCID: PMC8319956 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the chief effector cells in fibrotic diseases and have been discovered to be highly heterogeneous. Recently, fibroblast heterogeneity in human skin has been studied extensively and several surface markers for dermal fibroblast subtypes have been identified, holding promise for future antifibrotic therapies. However, it has yet to be confirmed whether surface markers should be looked upon as merely lineage landmarks or as functional entities of fibroblast subtypes, which may further complicate the interpretation of cellular function of these fibroblast subtypes. This review aims to provide an update on current evidence on fibroblast surface markers in fibrotic disorders of skin as well as of other organ systems. Specifically, studies where surface markers were treated as lineage markers and manipulated as functional membrane proteins are both evaluated in parallel, hoping to reveal the underlying mechanism behind the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis contributed by various fibroblast subtypes from multiple angles, shedding lights on future translational researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Khoong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyao Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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76
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Hornburg M, Desbois M, Lu S, Guan Y, Lo AA, Kaufman S, Elrod A, Lotstein A, DesRochers TM, Munoz-Rodriguez JL, Wang X, Giltnane J, Mayba O, Turley SJ, Bourgon R, Daemen A, Wang Y. Single-cell dissection of cellular components and interactions shaping the tumor immune phenotypes in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:928-944.e6. [PMID: 33961783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Distinct T cell infiltration patterns, i.e., immune infiltrated, excluded, and desert, result in different responses to cancer immunotherapies. However, the key determinants and biology underpinning these tumor immune phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we provide a high-resolution dissection of the entire tumor ecosystem through single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of 15 ovarian tumors. Immune-desert tumors are characterized by unique tumor cell-intrinsic features, including metabolic pathways and low antigen presentation, and an enrichment of monocytes and immature macrophages. Immune-infiltrated and -excluded tumors differ markedly in their T cell composition and fibroblast subsets. Furthermore, our study reveals chemokine receptor-ligand interactions within and across compartments as potential mechanisms mediating immune cell infiltration, exemplified by the tumor cell-T cell cross talk via CXCL16-CXCR6 and stromal-immune cell cross talk via CXCL12/14-CXCR4. Our data highlight potential molecular mechanisms that shape the tumor immune phenotypes and may inform therapeutic strategies to improve clinical benefit from cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Hornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mélanie Desbois
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yinghui Guan
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Amy A Lo
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Department of Biochemical Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xingwei Wang
- Department of Digital Pathology, Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
| | - Jennifer Giltnane
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Oleg Mayba
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Richard Bourgon
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anneleen Daemen
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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77
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Sharma U, Medina-Saenz K, Miller PC, Troness B, Spartz A, Sandoval-Leon A, Parke DN, Seagroves TN, Lippman ME, El-Ashry D. Heterotypic clustering of circulating tumor cells and circulating cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitates breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:63-80. [PMID: 34216317 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are critical drivers of breast cancer (BC) malignancy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) travel through hematogenous routes to establish metastases. CTCs circulate both individually and, more rarely, in clusters with other cell types. Clusters of CTCs have higher metastatic potential than single CTCs. Previously, we identified circulating CAFs (cCAFs) in patients with BC and found that while healthy donors had no CTCs or cCAFs, both were present in most Stage IV patients. cCAFs circulate individually, as cCAF-cCAF homotypic clusters, and in heterotypic clusters with CTCs. METHODS In this study, we evaluate CTCs, cCAFs, and heterotypic cCAF-CTC clusters in patients with stage I-IV BC. We evaluate the association of heterotypic clusters with BC disease progression and metastasis in a spontaneous mouse model. Using previously established primary BC and CAF cell lines, we examine the metastatic propensity of heterotypic cCAF-CTC clusters in orthotopic and tail vein xenograft mouse models of BC. Using an in vitro clustering assay, we determine factors that may be involved in clustering between CAF and BC cells. RESULTS We report that the dissemination of CTCs, cCAFs, and clusters is an early event in BC progression, and we find these clusters in all clinical stages of BC. Furthermore, cCAFs-CTC heterotypic clusters have a higher metastatic potential than homotypic CTC clusters in vivo. We also demonstrate that the adhesion and stemness marker CD44, found on a subset of CTCs and CAF cells, is involved in heterotypic clustering of these cells. CONCLUSION We identify a novel subset of circulating tumor cell clusters that are enriched with stromal CAF cells in BC patient blood and preclinical mouse models of BC metastasis. Our data suggest that clustering of CTCs with cCAFs augments their metastatic potential and that CD44 might be an important mediator of heterotypic clustering of cCAFs and BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Sharma
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kelsie Medina-Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Philip C Miller
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin Troness
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Angela Spartz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ana Sandoval-Leon
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Deanna N Parke
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tiffany N Seagroves
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marc E Lippman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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78
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Lina I, Tsai HW, Ding D, Davis R, Motz KM, Hillel AT. Characterization of Fibroblasts in Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:1570-1577. [PMID: 32857885 PMCID: PMC7914267 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is the pathological narrowing of the glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea due to scar tissue. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are over 8 times more likely to develop iLTS and represent 26% to 53% of all iLTS patients. In this investigation, we compared iLTS scar-derived fibroblasts in patients with and without T2DM. STUDY DESIGN Controlled ex vivo study. METHODS iLTS scar fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from subglottic scar biopsies in iLTS patients diagnosed with or without type 2 diabetes (non-T2DM). Fibroblast proliferation, fibrosis-related gene expression, and metabolic utilization of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis were assessed. Contractility was measured using a collagen-based assay. Metabolically targeted drugs (metformin, phenformin, amobarbital) were tested, and changes in fibrosis-related gene expression, collagen protein, and contractility were evaluated. RESULTS Compared to non-T2DM, T2DM iLTS scar fibroblasts had increased α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression (8.2× increased, P = .020), increased contractility (mean 71.4 ± 4.3% vs. 51.7 ± 16% Δ area × 90 minute-1 , P = .016), and reduced proliferation (1.9× reduction at 5 days, P < .01). Collagen 1 (COL1) protein was significantly higher in the T2DM group (mean 2.06 ± 0.19 vs. 0.74 ±.44 COL1/total protein [pg/μg], P = .036). T2DM iLTS scar fibroblasts had increased measures of OXPHOS, including basal respiration (mean 86.7 vs. 31.5 pmol/minute/10 μg protein, P = .016) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation (mean 97.5 vs. 25.7 pmol/minute/10 μg protein, P = .047) compared to non-T2DM fibroblasts. Amobarbital reduced cellular contractility; decreased collagen protein; and decreased expression of αSMA, COL1, and fibronectin. Metformin and phenformin did not significantly affect fibrosis-related gene expression. CONCLUSION T2DM iLTS scar fibroblasts demonstrate a myofibroblast phenotype and greater contractility compared to non-T2DM. Their bioenergetic preference for OXPHOS drives their increased contractility, which is selectively targeted by amobarbital. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:1570-1577, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Lina
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Hsiu-Wen Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Dacheng Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Ruth Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Kevin M Motz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Alexander T Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
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Vasse GF, Nizamoglu M, Heijink IH, Schlepütz M, van Rijn P, Thomas MJ, Burgess JK, Melgert BN. Macrophage-stroma interactions in fibrosis: biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. J Pathol 2021; 254:344-357. [PMID: 33506963 PMCID: PMC8252758 DOI: 10.1002/path.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis results from aberrant wound healing and is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, impairing the function of an affected organ. Increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, disruption of matrix degradation, but also abnormal post-translational modifications alter the biochemical composition and biophysical properties of the tissue microenvironment - the stroma. Macrophages are known to play an important role in wound healing and tissue repair, but the direct influence of fibrotic stroma on macrophage behaviour is still an under-investigated element in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this review, the current knowledge on interactions between macrophages and (fibrotic) stroma will be discussed from biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives with regard to how macrophage-stroma interactions can be examined further to ultimately facilitate more specific targeting of these interactions in the treatment of fibrosis. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda F Vasse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of PulmonologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Schlepütz
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
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80
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Hannan RT, Miller AE, Hung RC, Sano C, Peirce SM, Barker TH. Extracellular matrix remodeling associated with bleomycin-induced lung injury supports pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 10:100056. [PMID: 34195593 PMCID: PMC8233458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the many origins of pulmonary myofibroblasts, microvascular pericytes are a known source. Prior literature has established the ability of pericytes to transition into myofibroblasts, but provide limited insight into molecular cues that drive this process during lung injury repair and fibrosis. Fibronectin and RGD-binding integrins have long been considered pro-fibrotic factors in myofibroblast biology, and here we test the hypothesis that these known myofibroblast cues coordinate pericyte-to-myofibroblast transitions. Specifically, we hypothesized that αvβ3 integrin engagement on fibronectin induces pericyte transition into myofibroblastic phenotypes in the murine bleomycin lung injury model. Myosin Heavy Chain 11 (Myh11)-CreERT2 lineage tracing in transgenic mice allows identification of cells of pericyte origin and provides a robust tool for isolating pericytes from tissues for further evaluation. We used this murine model to track and characterize pericyte behaviors during tissue repair. The majority of Myh11 lineage-positive cells are positive for the pericyte surface markers, PDGFRβ (55%) and CD146 (69%), and display typical pericyte morphology with spatial apposition to microvascular networks. After intratracheal bleomycin treatment of mice, Myh11 lineage-positive cells showed significantly increased contractile and secretory markers, as well as αv integrin expression. According to RNASeq measurements, many disease and tissue-remodeling genesets were upregulated in Myh11 lineage-positive cells in response to bleomycin-induced lung injury. In vitro, blocking αvβ3 binding through cycloRGDfK prevented expression of the myofibroblastic marker αSMA relative to controls. In response to RGD-containing provisional matrix proteins present in lung injury, pericytes may alter their integrin profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley T. Hannan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Andrew E. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ruei-Chun Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Catherine Sano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shayn M. Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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81
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Rap1a Regulates Cardiac Fibroblast Contraction of 3D Diabetic Collagen Matrices by Increased Activation of the AGE/RAGE Cascade. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061286. [PMID: 34067282 PMCID: PMC8224555 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common diabetic complication that can arise when cardiac fibroblasts transition into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast transition can be induced by advanced glycated end products (AGEs) present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) activating RAGE (receptor for advanced glycated end products) to elicit intracellular signaling. The levels of AGEs are higher under diabetic conditions due to the hyperglycemic conditions present in diabetics. AGE/RAGE signaling has been shown to alter protein expression and ROS production in cardiac fibroblasts, resulting in changes in cellular function, such as migration and contraction. Recently, a small GTPase, Rap1a, has been identified to overlap the AGE/RAGE signaling cascade and mediate changes in protein expression. While Rap1a has been shown to impact AGE/RAGE-induced protein expression, there are currently no data examining the impact Rap1a has on AGE/RAGE-induced cardiac fibroblast function. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of Rap1a on AGE/RAGE-mediated cardiac fibroblast contraction, as well as the influence isolated diabetic ECM has on facilitating these effects. In order to address this idea, genetically different cardiac fibroblasts were embedded in 3D collagen matrices consisting of collagen isolated from either non-diabetic of diabetic mice. Fibroblasts were treated with EPAC and/or exogenous AGEs, which was followed by assessment of matrix contraction, protein expression (α-SMA, SOD-1, and SOD-2), and hydrogen peroxide production. The results showed Rap1a overlaps the AGE/RAGE cascade to increase the myofibroblast population and generation of ROS production. The increase in myofibroblasts and oxidative stress appeared to contribute to increased matrix contraction, which was further exacerbated by diabetic conditions. Based off these results, we determined that Rap1a was essential in mediating the response of cardiac fibroblasts to AGEs within diabetic collagen.
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Recent advances in tumor microenvironment-targeted nanomedicine delivery approaches to overcome limitations of immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. J Control Release 2021; 332:109-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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83
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Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Ayuso-Íñigo B, Pericacho M. Hot and Cold Tumors: Is Endoglin (CD105) a Potential Target for Vessel Normalization? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1552. [PMID: 33800564 PMCID: PMC8038031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are complex masses formed by malignant but also by normal cells. The interaction between these cells via cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes that remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the tumor microenvironment (TME). This TME can be determinant in the prognosis and the response to some treatments such as immunotherapy. Depending on their TME, two types of tumors can be defined: hot tumors, characterized by an immunosupportive TME and a good response to immunotherapy; and cold tumors, which respond poorly to this therapy and are characterized by an immunosuppressive TME. A therapeutic strategy that has been shown to be useful for the conversion of cold tumors into hot tumors is vascular normalization. In this review we propose that endoglin (CD105) may be a useful target of this strategy since it is involved in the three main processes involved in the generation of the TME: angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) accumulation. Moreover, the analysis of endoglin expression in tumors, which is already used in the clinic to study the microvascular density and that is associated with worse prognosis, could be used to predict a patient's response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Pericacho
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Group of Physiopathology of the Vascular Endothelium (ENDOVAS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.O.-I.); (B.A.-Í.)
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84
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Zhang L, Yan H, Tai Y, Xue Y, Wei Y, Wang K, Zhao Q, Wang S, Kong D, Midgley AC. Design and Evaluation of a Polypeptide that Mimics the Integrin Binding Site for EDA Fibronectin to Block Profibrotic Cell Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041575. [PMID: 33557232 PMCID: PMC7913925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excessive production of disorganized collagen- and fibronectin-rich extracellular matrices (ECMs) and is driven by the persistence of myofibroblasts within tissues. A key protein contributing to myofibroblast differentiation is extra domain A fibronectin (EDA-FN). We sought to target and interfere with interactions between EDA-FN and its integrin receptors to effectively inhibit profibrotic activity and myofibroblast formation. Molecular docking was used to assist in the design of a blocking polypeptide (antifibrotic 38-amino-acid polypeptide, AF38Pep) for specific inhibition of EDA-FN associations with the fibroblast-expressed integrins α4β1 and α4β7. Blocking peptides were designed and evaluated in silico before synthesis, confirmation of binding specificity, and evaluation in vitro. We identified the high-affinity EDA-FN C-C′ loop binding cleft within integrins α4β1 and α4β7. The polypeptide with the highest predicted binding affinity, AF38Pep, was synthesized and could achieve specific binding to myofibroblast fibronectin-rich ECM and EDA-FN C-C′ loop peptides. AF38Pep demonstrated potent myofibroblast inhibitory activity at 10 µg/mL and was not cytotoxic. Treatment with AF38Pep prevented integrin α4β1-mediated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation and early signaling through extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), attenuated the expression of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and pro-MMP2, and inhibited collagen synthesis and deposition. Immunocytochemistry staining revealed an inhibition of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) incorporation into actin stress fibers and attenuated cell contraction. Increases in the expression of mRNA associated with fibrosis and downstream from integrin signaling were inhibited by treatment with AF38Pep. Our study suggested that AF38Pep could successfully interfere with EDA-FN C-C′ loop-specific integrin interactions and could act as an effective inhibitor of fibroblast of myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Yifan Tai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Yueming Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Shufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +86-1562-004-7851 (A.C.M.)
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Adam C. Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +86-1562-004-7851 (A.C.M.)
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85
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Qiu Q, Lin Y, Ma Y, Li X, Liang J, Chen Z, Liu K, Huang Y, Luo H, Huang R, Luo L. Exploring the Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiota and Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612202. [PMID: 33488618 PMCID: PMC7817884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, which includes many different types of cells, abnormal vascular systems, and immunosuppressive cytokines. TME serves an important function in tumor tolerance and escapes from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that gut microbiome is associated with cancer in a variety of ways, as specific microbial signatures are known to promote cancer development and influence safety, tolerability, and efficacy of therapies. Studies over the past five years have shown that the composition of the intestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the efficacy of anticancer immunosurveillance, which contribute to the therapeutic activity of cancer immunotherapies based on targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. In this review, we mainly discuss the impact of TME on cancer and immunotherapy through immune-related mechanisms. We subsequently discuss the influence of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the host immune system and the formation of TME. In addition, this review also summarizes the latest research on the role of gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qiu
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucui Ma
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuge Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
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86
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Biffi G, Tuveson DA. Diversity and Biology of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:147-176. [PMID: 32466724 PMCID: PMC7864232 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have largely focused on targeting the epithelial compartment, despite the presence of non-neoplastic stromal components that substantially contribute to the progression of the tumor. Indeed, cancer cell survival, growth, migration, and even dormancy are influenced by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to play several roles in the development of a tumor. They secrete growth factors, inflammatory ligands, and extracellular matrix proteins that promote cancer cell proliferation, therapy resistance, and immune exclusion. However, recent work indicates that CAFs may also restrain tumor progression in some circumstances. In this review, we summarize the body of work on CAFs, with a particular focus on the most recent discoveries about fibroblast heterogeneity, plasticity, and functions. We also highlight the commonalities of fibroblasts present across different cancer types, and in normal and inflammatory states. Finally, we present the latest advances regarding therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs that are undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Biffi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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87
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Barrett RL, Puré E. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and their influence on tumor immunity and immunotherapy. eLife 2020; 9:57243. [PMID: 33370234 PMCID: PMC7769568 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an essential role in organogenesis and the integrity of tissue architecture and function. Growth in most solid tumors is dependent upon remodeling 'stroma', composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have clearly established that the potent immunosuppressive activity of stroma is a major mechanism by which stroma can promote tumor progression and confer resistance to immune-based therapies. Herein, we review recent advances in identifying the stroma-dependent mechanisms that regulate cancer-associated inflammation and antitumor immunity, in particular, the interactions between fibroblasts and immune cells. We also review the potential mechanisms by which stroma can confer resistance to immune-based therapies for solid tumors and current advancements in stroma-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Puré
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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88
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Lu K, Du HT, Lian AL, Su Y, Wang F. Effect of purine-rich box1 on proliferation of fibroblasts. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1827-1832. [PMID: 33215017 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are pleomorphic cells that have a multi-directional effect on organ morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and immune response. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts synthesize large amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to scarring and organ failure. Purine-rich box1 (PU.1) is a specific transcription factor of hematopoietic cell and belongs to the E26 transformation specificity (ETS) family. Recently, it was found that the transcription factor PU.1 is an important regulatory factor of the profibrotic gene expression program. TGF-β had been proved to play an important role in many ocular tissue fibrosis diseases, and up-regulated the expression of PU.1 in fibroblasts producing ECM in a Smad-3 dependent manner. We explore the effect of PU.1 on fibrosis of different ocular tissues from this perspective. This article reviews the role of PU.1 and its effects on fibrosis of ocular tissue and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Tao Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ai-Ling Lian
- Department of Centric Operating Room, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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89
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Brennen WN, J Thorek DL, Jiang W, Krueger TE, Antony L, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. Overcoming stromal barriers to immuno-oncological responses via fibroblast activation protein-targeted therapy. Immunotherapy 2020; 13:155-175. [PMID: 33148078 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment contributes to disease progression through multiple mechanisms, including immune suppression mediated in part by fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-expressing cells. Herein, a review of FAP biology is presented, supplemented with primary data. This includes FAP expression in prostate cancer and activation of latent reservoirs of TGF-β and VEGF to produce a positive feedback loop. This collectively suggests a normal wound repair process subverted during cancer pathophysiology. There has been immense interest in targeting FAP for diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic purposes. Until recently, this development has outpaced an understanding of the biology; impeding optimal translation into the clinic. A summary of these applications is provided with an emphasis on eliminating tumor-infiltrating FAP-positive cells to overcome stromal barriers to immuno-oncological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63310, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63310, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Timothy E Krueger
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lizamma Antony
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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90
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Alfonso García SL, Parada-Sanchez MT, Arboleda Toro D. The phenotype of gingival fibroblasts and their potential use in advanced therapies. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151123. [PMID: 33070040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapies in medicine use stem cells, gene editing, and tissues to treat a wide range of conditions. One of their goals is to stimulate endogenous repair of tissues and organs by manipulating stem cells and their niche, as well as to optimize the intrinsic characteristics and plasticity of differentiated cells in adult tissues. In this context, fibroblasts emerge as an alternative source to stem cells because they share phenotypic and regenerative characteristics. Specifically, fibroblasts of the oral mucosae have been shown to have improved regenerative capacity compared to other fibroblast populations. Additionally, their easy access by means of minimally invasive procedures without generating aesthetic problems, with easy and rapid in vitro expansion and with great capacity to respond to extrinsic factors, make oral fibroblasts an attractive and interesting resource for regenerative medicine. This review summarizes current concepts regarding the phenotypic and functional aspects of human Gingival Fibroblasts and their niche, differentiating them from other fibroblast populations of oral-lining mucosa and skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, some applications are presented in regenerative medicine, emphasizing on the biological potential of human Gingival Fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Liliana Alfonso García
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia; Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111311, Colombia.
| | | | - David Arboleda Toro
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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91
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DeLeon-Pennell KY, Barker TH, Lindsey ML. Fibroblasts: The arbiters of extracellular matrix remodeling. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:1-7. [PMID: 32504772 PMCID: PMC7434687 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the foundation on which all cells and organs converge to orchestrate normal physiological functions. In the setting of pathology, the ECM is modified to incorporate additional roles, with modifications including turnover of existing ECM and deposition of new ECM. The fibroblast is center stage in coordinating both normal tissue homeostasis and response to disease. Understanding how fibroblasts work under normal conditions and are activated in response to injury or stress will provide mechanistic insight that triggers discovery of new therapeutic treatments for a wide range of disease. We highlight here fibroblast roles in the cancer, lung, and heart as example systems where fibroblasts are major contributors to homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA; and Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105.
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92
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Iglin VA, Sokolovskaya OA, Morozova SM, Kuchur OA, Nikonorova VG, Sharsheeva A, Chrishtop VV, Vinogradov AV. Effect of Sol-Gel Alumina Biocomposite on the Viability and Morphology of Dermal Human Fibroblast Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4397-4400. [PMID: 33455174 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper is the continuation of our previous work on the ability of biocomposites based on sol-gel alumina (boehmite) to promote skin recovery from burns and atrophic scars. The present study describes the increasing of the cytoplasma volume and the number of filopodias of HDF cells, which for the first time indicates their proliferation on the alumina itself and on alumina-based biocomposite. Studies in vivo confirm the efficiency of the composite in the treatment of atrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Iglin
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9, Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - O A Sokolovskaya
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9, Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - S M Morozova
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9, Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - O A Kuchur
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9, Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - V G Nikonorova
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy, 8, Sheremet'evsky Prospect, Ivanovo 153012, Russian Federation.,Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy named after D.K. Belyaev, 45, Sovietskaya Street, Ivanovo 153012, Russian Federation
| | - A Sharsheeva
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9, Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - V V Chrishtop
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9, Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - A V Vinogradov
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9, Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
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93
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Tanase C, Gheorghisan-Galateanu AA, Popescu ID, Mihai S, Codrici E, Albulescu R, Hinescu ME. CD36 and CD97 in Pancreatic Cancer versus Other Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5656. [PMID: 32781778 PMCID: PMC7460590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Starting from the recent identification of CD36 and CD97 as a novel marker combination of fibroblast quiescence in lung during fibrosis, we aimed to survey the literature in search for facts about the separate (or concomitant) expression of clusters of differentiation CD36 and CD97 in either tumor- or pancreatic-cancer-associated cells. Here, we provide an account of the current knowledge on the diversity of the cellular functions of CD36 and CD97 and explore their potential (common) contributions to key cellular events in oncogenesis or metastasis development. Emphasis is placed on quiescence as an underexplored mechanism and/or potential target in therapy. Furthermore, we discuss intricate signaling mechanisms and networks involving CD36 and CD97 that may regulate different subpopulations of tumor-associated cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocyte-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, or neutrophils, during aggressive pancreatic cancer. The coexistence of quiescence and activated states in cancer-associated cell subtypes during pancreatic cancer should be better documented, in different histological forms. Remodeling of the local microenvironment may also change the balance between growth and dormant state. Taking advantage of the reported data in different other tissue types, we explore the possibility to induce quiescence (similar to that observed in normal cells), as a therapeutic option to delay the currently observed clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ancuta-Augustina Gheorghisan-Galateanu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Str., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- ‘C.I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Simona Mihai
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Elena Codrici
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Radu Albulescu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Str., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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94
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Musa M, Ali A. Cancer-associated fibroblasts of colorectal cancer and their markers: updates, challenges and translational outlook. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2329-2344. [PMID: 32687721 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment is associated with poor prognosis and recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite their prominent roles in colorectal carcinogenesis, there is a lack of robust and specific markers to classify the heterogeneous and highly complex CAF populations. This has resulted in confusing and misleading definitions of CAFs in cancer niche. Advancements in molecular biology approaches have open doors to reliable CAF marker detection methods in various solid tumors. These discoveries would contribute to more efficient screening, monitoring and targeted therapy of CRC thus potentially will reduce cancer morbidity and mortality rates. This review highlights current scenarios, dilemma, translational potentials of CAF biomarker and future therapeutic applications involving CAF marker identification in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Paediatrics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Wilayah Persekutuan, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Paediatrics, Oxford University, Level 2, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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95
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Singampalli KL, Balaji S, Wang X, Parikh UM, Kaul A, Gilley J, Birla RK, Bollyky PL, Keswani SG. The Role of an IL-10/Hyaluronan Axis in Dermal Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:636. [PMID: 32850791 PMCID: PMC7396613 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation is the typical endpoint of postnatal dermal wound healing, which affects more than 100 million individuals annually. Not only do scars cause a functional burden by reducing the biomechanical strength of skin at the site of injury, but they also significantly increase healthcare costs and impose psychosocial challenges. Though the mechanisms that dictate how dermal wounds heal are still not completely understood, they are regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, neovascularization, and inflammatory responses. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has emerged as a key mediator of the pro- to anti-inflammatory transition that counters collagen deposition in scarring. In parallel, the high molecular weight (HMW) glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is present in the ECM and acts in concert with IL-10 to block pro-inflammatory signals and attenuate fibrotic responses. Notably, high concentrations of both IL-10 and HMW HA are produced in early gestational fetal skin, which heals scarlessly. Since fibroblasts are responsible for collagen deposition, it is critical to determine how the concerted actions of IL-10 and HA drive their function to potentially control fibrogenesis. Beyond their independent actions, an auto-regulatory IL-10/HA axis may exist to modulate the magnitude of CD4+ effector T lymphocyte activation and enhance T regulatory cell function in order to reduce scarring. This review underscores the pathophysiological impact of the IL-10/HA axis as a multifaceted molecular mechanism to direct primary cell responders and regulators toward either regenerative dermal tissue repair or scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya L Singampalli
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Umang M Parikh
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aditya Kaul
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jamie Gilley
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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96
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Bonneau C, Eliès A, Kieffer Y, Bourachot B, Ladoire S, Pelon F, Hequet D, Guinebretière JM, Blanchet C, Vincent-Salomon A, Rouzier R, Mechta-Grigoriou F. A subset of activated fibroblasts is associated with distant relapse in early luminal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:76. [PMID: 32665033 PMCID: PMC7362513 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early luminal breast cancer (BC) represents 70% of newly diagnosed BC cases. Among them, small (under 2 cm) BC without lymph node metastasis (classified as T1N0) have been rarely studied, as their prognosis is generally favorable. Nevertheless, up to 5% of luminal T1N0 BC patients relapse with distant metastases that ultimately prove fatal. The aim of our work was to identify the mechanisms involved in metastatic recurrence in these patients. Methods Our study addresses the role that autonomous and non-autonomous tumor cell features play with regard to distant recurrence in early luminal BC patients. We created a cohort of T1N0 luminal BC patients (tumors between 0.5–2 cm without lymph node metastasis) with metastatic recurrence (“cases”) and corresponding “controls” (without relapse) matched 1:1 on main prognostic factors: age, grade, and proliferation. We deciphered different characteristics of cancer cells and their tumor micro-environment (TME) by deep analyses using immunohistochemistry. We performed in vitro functional assays and highlighted a new mechanism of cooperation between cancer cells and one particular subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Results We found that specific TME features are indicative of relapse in early luminal BC. Indeed, quantitative histological analyses reveal that “cases” are characterized by significant accumulation of a particular CAF subset (CAF-S1) and decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes, without any other association with immune cells. In multivariate analysis, TME features, in particular CAF-S1 enrichment, remain significantly associated with recurrence, thereby demonstrating their clinical relevance. Finally, by performing functional analyses, we demonstrated that CAF-S1 pro-metastatic activity is mediated by the CDH11/osteoblast cadherin, consistent with bones being a major site of metastases in luminal BC patients. Conclusions This study shows that distant recurrence in T1N0 BC is strongly associated with the presence of CAF-S1 fibroblasts. Moreover, we identify CDH11 as a key player in CAF-S1-mediated pro-metastatic activity. This is independent of tumor cells and represents a new prognostic factor. These results could assist clinicians in identifying luminal BC patients with high risk of relapse. Targeted therapies against CAF-S1 using anti-FAP antibody or CDH11-targeting compounds might help in preventing relapse for such patients with activated stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bonneau
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Department of Surgery, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Antoine Eliès
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Department of Surgery, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bourachot
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Inserm U1231, Chemotherapy and immune response, Center Georges François Leclerc, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Floriane Pelon
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Hequet
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Jean-Marc Guinebretière
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Christophe Blanchet
- Inserm U1231, Chemotherapy and immune response, Center Georges François Leclerc, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,Inserm U900, Cancer et génome : bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie, Institut Curie, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,UR 7285, Risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale, Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France. .,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.
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97
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Probst CK, Montesi SB, Medoff BD, Shea BS, Knipe RS. Vascular permeability in the fibrotic lung. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00100-2019. [PMID: 32265308 PMCID: PMC9977144 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00100-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is thought to result from aberrant tissue repair processes in response to chronic or repetitive lung injury. The origin and nature of the injury, as well as its cellular and molecular targets, are likely heterogeneous, which complicates accurate pre-clinical modelling of the disease and makes therapeutic targeting a challenge. Efforts are underway to identify central pathways in fibrogenesis which may allow targeting of aberrant repair processes regardless of the initial injury stimulus. Dysregulated endothelial permeability and vascular leak have long been studied for their role in acute lung injury and repair. Evidence that these processes are of importance to the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease is growing. Endothelial permeability is increased in non-fibrosing lung diseases, but it resolves in a self-limited fashion in conditions such as bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In progressive fibrosing diseases such as IPF, permeability appears to persist, however, and may also predict mortality. In this hypothesis-generating review, we summarise available data on the role of endothelial permeability in IPF and focus on the deleterious consequences of sustained endothelial hyperpermeability in response to and during pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. We propose that persistent permeability and vascular leak in the lung have the potential to establish and amplify the pro-fibrotic environment. Therapeutic interventions aimed at recognising and "plugging" the leak may therefore be of significant benefit for preventing the transition from lung injury to fibrosis and should be areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens K. Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney B. Montesi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry S. Shea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel S. Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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98
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Chainani A, Matson A, Chainani M, Marchand Colon AJ, Toth AP, Garrigues GE, Little D. Contracture and transient receptor potential channel upregulation in the anterior glenohumeral joint capsule of patients with end-stage osteoarthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:e253-e268. [PMID: 32113865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA), the anterior shoulder joint capsule (ASJC) is characterized grossly by contracture, synovitis, and fibrosis. In tissues that develop fibrosis, there is substantial cross-talk between macrophages, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts, modulated by calcium signaling and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel signaling. The purpose of this study was to compare and characterize the degree of synovitis, inflammatory infiltrate, and TRP channel expression in ASJC harvested from shoulders with and without primary GHOA. METHODS The ASJC was resected from patients undergoing TSA for primary GHOA or other diagnoses and compared with ASJC from cadaveric donors with no history of shoulder pathology. ASJC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry to characterize synovial lining and capsular inflammatory cell infiltrate and fibrosis, and to evaluate for expression of TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPV4, known to be involved in fibrosis in other tissues. Blinded sections were evaluated by 3 graders using a semiquantitative scale; then results were compared between diagnosis groups using nonparametric methods. RESULTS Compared with normal control, the ASJC in primary GHOA had significantly increased synovitis, fibrosis, mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate including multiple macrophages subsets, and upregulation of TRP channel expression. CONCLUSION These data support the clinical findings of ASJC and synovial fibrosis in primary GHOA, identify a mixed inflammatory response, and identify dysregulation of TRP channels in the synovium and joint capsule. Further studies will identify the role of synovial and capsular fibrosis early in the development of GHOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Chainani
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew Matson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masoom Chainani
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Alison P Toth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Grant E Garrigues
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dianne Little
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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99
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Çankirili NK, Kart D, Çelebi-Saltik B. Evaluation of the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on human umbilical cord CD146+ stem cells and stem cell-based decellularized matrix. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:215-231. [PMID: 32020424 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the CD146+ stem cells obtained from the human umbilical cord and their extracellular matrix proteins on in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms to understand their possible antimicrobial activity. CD146+ stem cells were determined according to cell surface markers and differentiation capacity. Characterization of the decellularized matrix was done with DAPI, Masson's Trichrome staining and proteome analysis. Cell viability/proliferation of cells in co-cultures was evaluated by WST-1 and crystal-violet staining. The effects of cells and decellularized matrix proteins on biofilms were investigated on a drip flow biofilm reactor and their effects on gene expression were determined by RT-qPCR. We observed that CD146/105+ stem cells could differentiate adipogenically and decellularized matrix showed negative DAPI and positive collagen staining with Masson' s Trichrome. Proteome analysis of the decellularized matrix revealed some matrix components and growth factors. Although the decellularized matrix significantly reduced the cell counts of P. aeruginosa, no significant difference was observed for S. aureus cells in both groups. Supporting data was obtained from the gene expression results of P. aeruginosa with the significant down-regulation of rhlR and lasR. For S. aureus, icaADBC genes were significantly up-regulated when grown on the decellularized matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Kübra Çankirili
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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100
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Cancer associated fibroblast: Mediators of tumorigenesis. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:19-34. [PMID: 32450219 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer onset, development, and progression. The majority of clinical interventions are designed to target either cancer or stroma cells. These emphases have been directed by one of two prevailing theories in the field, the Somatic Mutation Theory and the Tissue Organization Field Theory, which represent two seemingly opposing concepts. This review proposes that the two theories are mutually inclusive and should be concurrently considered for cancer treatments. Specifically, this review discusses the dynamic and reciprocal processes between stromal cells and extracellular matrices, using pancreatic cancer as an example, to demonstrate the inclusivity of the theories. Furthermore, this review highlights the functions of cancer associated fibroblasts, which represent the major stromal cell type, as important mediators of the known cancer hallmarks that the two theories attempt to explain.
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