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Storage of neural histamine and histaminergic neurotransmission is VMAT2 dependent in the zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3060. [PMID: 28596586 PMCID: PMC5465064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoaminergic neurotransmission is greatly dependent on the function of the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2, which is responsible for loading monoamines into secretory vesicles. The role of VMAT2 in histaminergic neurotransmission is poorly understood. We studied the structure and function of the histaminergic system in larval zebrafish following inhibition of VMAT2 function by reserpine. We found that reserpine treatment greatly reduced histamine immunoreactivity in neurons and an almost total disappearance of histamine-containing nerve fibers in the dorsal telencephalon and habenula, the most densely innervated targets of the hypothalamic histamine neurons. The reserpine treated larvae had an impaired histamine-dependent dark-induced flash response seen during the first second after onset of darkness, implying that function of the histaminergic network is VMAT2 dependent. Levels of histamine and other monoamines were decreased in reserpine treated animals. This study provides conclusive evidence of the relevance of VMAT2 in histaminergic neurotransmission, further implying that the storage and release mechanism of neural histamine is comparable to that of other monoamines. Our results also reveal potential new insights about the roles of monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the regulation of locomotion increase during adaptation to darkness.
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52
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Matsui H. Dopamine system, cerebellum, and nucleus ruber in fish and mammals. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:219-227. [PMID: 28547762 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small teleost fish including zebrafish and medaka have been used as animal models for research because of their small body size, vast amounts of eggs produced, their rapid development, low husbandry costs, and transparency during embryogenesis. Although the body size and appearance seem different, fish and mammals including human still possess anatomical and functional similarities in their brains. This review summarizes the similarities of brain structures and functions between teleost fish and mammalian brains, focusing on the dopamine system, functional regionalization of the cerebellum, and presence of the nucleus ruber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 757, Ichibancho, Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.,Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 757, Ichibancho, Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
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53
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Xavier AL, Fontaine R, Bloch S, Affaticati P, Jenett A, Demarque M, Vernier P, Yamamoto K. Comparative analysis of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells in Osteichthyes (bony vertebrates). J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2265-2283. [PMID: 28295297 PMCID: PMC6585609 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting (CSF‐c) cells containing monoamines such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) occur in the periventricular zones of the hypothalamic region of most vertebrates except for placental mammals. Here we compare the organization of the CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish, by analyzing the expression of synthetic enzymes of DA and 5‐HT, respectively, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and draw an evolutionary scenario for this cell population. Due to the lack of TH immunoreactivity in this region, the hypothalamic CSF‐c cells have been thought to take up DA from the ventricle instead of synthesizing it. We demonstrate that a second TH gene (TH2) is expressed in the CSF‐c cells of all the three species, suggesting that these cells do indeed synthetize DA. Furthermore, we found that many CSF‐c cells coexpress TH2 and TPH1 and contain both DA and 5‐HT, a dual neurotransmitter phenotype hitherto undescribed in the brain of any vertebrate. The similarities of CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish suggest that these characteristics are inherited from the common ancestor of the Osteichthyes. A significant difference between tetrapods and teleosts is that teleosts possess an additional CSF‐c cell population around the posterior recess (PR) that has emerged in specific groups of Actinopterygii. Our comparative analysis reveals that the hypothalamus in mammals and teleosts has evolved in a divergent manner: placental mammals have lost the monoaminergic CSF‐c cells, while teleosts have increased their relative number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Xavier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Solal Bloch
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- TEFOR Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Arnim Jenett
- TEFOR Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Michaël Demarque
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Philippe Vernier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
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54
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Zhu C, Liu W, Luo C, Liu Y, Li C, Fang M, Lin Y, Ou J, Chen M, Zhu D, Yung KKL, Mo Z. Inhibiting effects of rhynchophylline on methamphetamine-dependent zebrafish are related with the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Fitoterapia 2017; 117:47-51. [PMID: 28063836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to study the effect of rhynchophylline on TH in midbrain of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) adult zebrafish, place preference adult zebrafish models were established by methamphetamine (40μg/g) and the expression of TH was observed by immunohistochemistry technique and Western blot. Ketamine (150μg/g), high dose of rhynchophylline (100μg/g) group can significantly reduce the place preference; immunohistochemistry results showed that the number of TH-positive neurons in midbrain was increased in the methamphetamine model group, whereas less TH-positive neurons were found in the ketamine group and high dosage rhynchophylline group. Western blot results showed that the expression of TH protein was significantly increased in the model group, whereas less expression was found in the ketamine group, high dosage rhynchophylline group. Our data pointed out that TH plays an important role in the formation of methamphetamine-induced place preference in adult zebrafish. Rhynchophylline reversed the expression of TH in the midbrain demonstrates the potential effect of mediates methamphetamine induced rewarding effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaohua Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Miao Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingbo Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinying Ou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Daoqi Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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55
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Altenhofen S, Wiprich MT, Nery LR, Leite CE, Vianna MRMR, Bonan CD. Manganese(II) chloride alters behavioral and neurochemical parameters in larvae and adult zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:172-183. [PMID: 27912164 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for organisms, but high levels can cause serious neurological damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MnCl2 exposure on cognition and exploratory behavior in adult and larval zebrafish and correlate these findings with brain accumulation of Mn, overall brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, dopamine (DA) levels, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and cell death markers in the nervous system. Adults exposed to MnCl2 for 4days (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM) and larvae exposed for 5days (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5mM) displayed decreased exploratory behaviors, such as distance traveled and absolute body turn angle, in addition to reduced movement time and an increased number of immobile episodes in larvae. Adults exposed to MnCl2 for 4days showed impaired aversive long-term memory in the inhibitory avoidance task. The overall brain TH levels were elevated in adults and larvae evaluated at 5 and 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). Interestingly, the protein level of this enzyme was decreased in larval animals at 10dpf. Furthermore, DOPAC levels were increased in adult animals exposed to MnCl2. Protein analysis showed increased apoptotic markers in both the larvae and adult nervous system. The results demonstrated that prolonged exposure to MnCl2 leads to locomotor deficits that may be associated with damage caused by this metal in the CNS, particularly in the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Altenhofen
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Talita Wiprich
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Roesler Nery
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Ryff Moreira Roca Vianna
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia e Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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56
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Singh O, Kumar S, Singh U, Bhute Y, Singru PS. Role of Isotocin in the Regulation of the Hypophysiotropic Dopamine Neurones in the Preoptic Area of the Catfish, Clarias batrachus. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27805784 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) has emerged as a potent inhibitory neuromodulator of luteinsing hormone (LH) secretion and reproduction in teleosts. The DA neurones located in the anterior subdivision of nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPPa) in the preoptic area (POA) innervate the pituitary gland and regulate LH cells. Although a reduction in the inhibitory DAergic tone is crucial for stimulatory action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on LH cells, the role of other hypothalamic factors is suggested but not fully understood. Nonapeptide, isotocin (IST) has emerged as a likely candidate that may also influence the LH cell function. IST neurones reside in the nucleus preopticus and innervate LH cells. While IST treatment dramatically elevated LH secretion, the IST levels in brain peaked during spawning. In a pilot study on the catfish, Clarias batrachus, we observed a dense network of IST-immunoreactive (IST-IR) fibres in the NPPa, the region known to harbour hypophysiotropic DA neurones. Application of the double immunofluorescence method showed a dense IST-IR fibre network around the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) neurones in the NPPa region. A great majority of the TH-IR neurones in the NPPa were contacted by IST-IR fibres during the spawning phase. The NPPa therefore appears to be a site for the intense interaction of DA and IST. IST-IR fibre innervation in NPPa showed reproduction phase-dependent changes. The percent fluorescent area of IST-IR fibres showed a gradual increase from the resting through prespawning phases (resting: 7.5 ± 1.04; preparatory: 8.6 ± 0.8; prespawning: 15.5 ± 1.4), reaching a peak in the spawning phase (28 ± 2.3; P < 0.001). Compared to the spawning phase, a drastic reduction in IST-IR fibres in the NPPa was observed during the postspawning phase (8.4 ± 0.9; P < 0.001). Superfused slices of the POA of C. batrachus treated with IST peptide resulted in a significant reduction in TH immunoreactivity in the NPPa (Control: 45.3 ± 4.2; IST peptide, 5 μm: 29.4 ± 4.7; P < 0.05). We suggest that the intense interaction between IST and DA in the NPPa, most probably of an inhibitory nature, may be critical for the regulation of LH cells and reproduction in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - S Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - U Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Y Bhute
- Department of Zoology, DRB Sindhu Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, India
| | - P S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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57
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Karoubi N, Segev R, Wullimann MF. The Brain of the Archerfish Toxotes chatareus: A Nissl-Based Neuroanatomical Atlas and Catecholaminergic/Cholinergic Systems. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:106. [PMID: 27891081 PMCID: PMC5104738 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, the seven-spot archerfish (Toxotes chatareus) has emerged as a new model for studies in visual and behavioral neuroscience thanks to its unique hunting strategy. Its natural ability to spit at insects outside of water can be used in the laboratory for well controlled behavioral experiments where the fish is trained to aim at targets on a screen. The need for a documentation of the neuroanatomy of this animal became critical as more research groups use it as a model. Here we present an atlas of adult T. chatareus specimens caught in the wild in South East Asia. The atlas shows representative sections of the brain and specific structures revealed by a classic Nissl staining as well as corresponding schematic drawings. Additional immunostainings for catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems were conducted to corroborate the identification of certain nuclei and the data of a whole brain scanner is available online. We describe the general features of the archerfish brain as well as its specificities, especially for the visual system and compare the neuroanatomy of the archerfish with other teleosts. This atlas of the archerfish brain shows all levels of the neuraxis and intends to provide a solid basis for further neuroscientific research on T. chatareus, in particular electrophysiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Karoubi
- Life Sciences Department and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ronen Segev
- Life Sciences Department and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba, Israel
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences and Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
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58
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Tran S, Facciol A, Nowicki M, Chatterjee D, Gerlai R. Acute alcohol exposure increases tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression and dopamine synthesis in zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2016; 317:237-241. [PMID: 27666381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a popular animal model for investigating the effects of alcohol on the brain and behaviour. Acute exposure to alcohol has been shown to alter dopaminergic signalling in zebrafish, but the underlying mechanisms have not been well defined. In the current study, we characterize the effects of alcohol on the zebrafish dopaminergic system by focusing on tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Using western blot analysis, we demonstrate that a 60min exposure to 1% alcohol increases tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression in the zebrafish brain. Enzymatic activity assays confirmed that alcohol also increases tyrosine hydroxylase enzymatic activity, whereas HPLC analysis demonstrated increased levels of whole-brain dopamine and its metabolite DOPAC. In addition to activation of the dopaminergic system, behavioural analysis revealed accompanying increase of distance traveled following 1% alcohol exposure. These findings suggest that acute alcohol exposure elevates dopamine synthesis via increased tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression. Our results support the hypothesis that alcohol alters dopaminergic signalling in the zebrafish brain in a similar manner as compared to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tran
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Canada.
| | - Amanda Facciol
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Magda Nowicki
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | | | - Robert Gerlai
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Canada; University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Canada.
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59
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Horzmann KA, Freeman JL. Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets and Alterations in Chemical Toxicity. TOXICS 2016; 4:19. [PMID: 28730152 PMCID: PMC5515482 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is critical for normal brain development, behavior, learning, and memory. Exposure to drugs and chemicals can alter neurotransmission, often through unknown pathways and mechanisms. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system is increasingly being used to study the brain and chemical neurotoxicity. In this review, the major neurotransmitter systems, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, and glutamate are surveyed and pathways of synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action are examined. Differences between human and zebrafish neurochemical pathways are highlighted. We also review techniques for evaluating neurological function, including the measurement of neurotransmitter levels, assessment of gene expression through transcriptomic analysis, and the recording of neurobehavior. Finally examples of chemical toxicity studies evaluating alterations in neurotransmitter systems in the zebrafish model are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
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60
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Chen YC, Semenova S, Rozov S, Sundvik M, Bonkowsky JL, Panula P. A Novel Developmental Role for Dopaminergic Signaling to Specify Hypothalamic Neurotransmitter Identity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21880-21892. [PMID: 27539857 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic neurons expressing histamine and orexin/hypocretin (hcrt) are necessary for normal regulation of wakefulness. In Parkinson's disease, the loss of dopaminergic neurons is associated with elevated histamine levels and disrupted sleep/wake cycles, but the mechanism is not understood. To characterize the role of dopamine in the development of histamine neurons, we inhibited the translation of the two non-allelic forms of tyrosine hydroxylase (th1 and th2) in zebrafish larvae. We found that dopamine levels were reduced in both th1 and th2 knockdown, but the serotonin level and number of serotonin neurons remained unchanged. Further, we demonstrated that th2 knockdown increased histamine neuron number and histamine levels, whereas increased dopaminergic signaling using the dopamine precursor l-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or dopamine receptor agonists reduced the number of histaminergic neurons. Increases in the number of histaminergic neurons were paralleled by matching increases in the numbers of hcrt neurons, supporting observations that histamine regulates hcrt neuron development. Finally, we show that histaminergic neurons surround th2-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus, and we suggest that dopamine regulates the terminal differentiation of histamine neurons via paracrine actions or direct synaptic neurotransmission. These results reveal a role for dopaminergic signaling in the regulation of neurotransmitter identity and a potential mechanism contributing to sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Chen
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Stanislav Rozov
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Maria Sundvik
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113
| | - Pertti Panula
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
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61
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Biechl D, Dorigo A, Köster RW, Grothe B, Wullimann MF. Eppur Si Muove: Evidence for an External Granular Layer and Possibly Transit Amplification in the Teleostean Cerebellum. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:49. [PMID: 27199681 PMCID: PMC4852188 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted signaling factor Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) acts in the floor plate of the developing vertebrate CNS to promote motoneuron development. In addition, shh has dorsal expression domains in the amniote alar plate (i.e., in isocortex, superior colliculus, and cerebellum). For example, shh expressing Purkinje cells act in transit amplification of external granular layer (EGL) cells of the developing cerebellum. Our previous studies had indicated the presence of an EGL in anamniote zebrafish, but a possible role of shh in the zebrafish cerebellar plate remained elusive. Therefore, we used an existing zebrafish transgenic line Tg(2.4shha-ABC-GFP)sb15; Shkumatava et al., 2004) to show this gene activity and its cellular localization in the larval zebrafish brain. Clearly, GFP expressing cells occur in larval alar zebrafish brain domains, i.e., optic tectum and cerebellum. Analysis of critical cerebellar cell markers on this transgenic background and a PH3 assay for mitotic cells reveals that Purkinje cells and eurydendroid cells are completely non-overlapping postmitotic cell populations. Furthermore, shh-GFP cells never express Zebrin II or parvalbumin, nor calretinin. They are thus neither Purkinje cells nor calretinin positive migrating rhombic lip derived cells. The shh-GFP cells also never correspond to PH3 positive cells of the ventral cerebellar proliferative zone or the upper rhombic lip-derived EGL. From this marker analysis and the location of shh-GFP cells sandwiched between calretinin positive rhombic lip derived cells and parvalbumin positive Purkinje cells, we conclude that shh-GFP expressing cells qualify as previously reported olig2 positive eurydendroid cells, which are homologous to the amniote deep cerebellar nuclei. We confirm this using double transgenic progeny of shh-GFP and olig2-dsRed zebrafish. Thus, these zebrafish eurydendroid cells may have the same role in transit amplification as Purkinje cells do in amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Biechl
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Dorigo
- Institute of Zoology, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Institute of Zoology, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benedikt Grothe
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
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62
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Ryczko D, Cone JJ, Alpert MH, Goetz L, Auclair F, Dubé C, Parent M, Roitman MF, Alford S, Dubuc R. A descending dopamine pathway conserved from basal vertebrates to mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2440-9. [PMID: 27071118 PMCID: PMC4855556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600684113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons are classically known to modulate locomotion indirectly through ascending projections to the basal ganglia that project down to brainstem locomotor networks. Their loss in Parkinson's disease is devastating. In lampreys, we recently showed that brainstem networks also receive direct descending dopaminergic inputs that potentiate locomotor output. Here, we provide evidence that this descending dopaminergic pathway is conserved to higher vertebrates, including mammals. In salamanders, dopamine neurons projecting to the striatum or brainstem locomotor networks were partly intermingled. Stimulation of the dopaminergic region evoked dopamine release in brainstem locomotor networks and concurrent reticulospinal activity. In rats, some dopamine neurons projecting to the striatum also innervated the pedunculopontine nucleus, a known locomotor center, and stimulation of the dopaminergic region evoked pedunculopontine dopamine release in vivo. Finally, we found dopaminergic fibers in the human pedunculopontine nucleus. The conservation of a descending dopaminergic pathway across vertebrates warrants re-evaluating dopamine's role in locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Ryczko
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Jackson J Cone
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Michael H Alpert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Laurent Goetz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3
| | - François Auclair
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Catherine Dubé
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3
| | | | - Simon Alford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Réjean Dubuc
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7; Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8
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Morrison MA, Zimmerman MW, Look AT, Stewart RA. Studying the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and neuroblastoma in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 134:97-138. [PMID: 27312492 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish serves as an excellent model to study vertebrate development and disease. Optically clear embryos, combined with tissue-specific fluorescent reporters, permit direct visualization and measurement of peripheral nervous system formation in real time. Additionally, the model is amenable to rapid cellular, molecular, and genetic approaches to determine how developmental mechanisms contribute to disease states, such as cancer. In this chapter, we describe the development of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system (PSNS) in general, and our current understanding of genetic pathways important in zebrafish PSNS development specifically. We also illustrate how zebrafish genetics is used to identify new mechanisms controlling PSNS development and methods for interrogating the potential role of PSNS developmental pathways in neuroblastoma pathogenesis in vivo using the zebrafish MYCN-driven neuroblastoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Morrison
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - A T Look
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R A Stewart
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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McPherson AD, Barrios JP, Luks-Morgan SJ, Manfredi JP, Bonkowsky JL, Douglass AD, Dorsky RI. Motor Behavior Mediated by Continuously Generated Dopaminergic Neurons in the Zebrafish Hypothalamus Recovers after Cell Ablation. Curr Biol 2016; 26:263-269. [PMID: 26774784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Postembryonic neurogenesis has been observed in several regions of the vertebrate brain, including the dentate gyrus and rostral migratory stream in mammals, and is required for normal behavior [1-3]. Recently, the hypothalamus has also been shown to undergo continuous neurogenesis as a way to mediate energy balance [4-10]. As the hypothalamus regulates multiple functional outputs, it is likely that additional behaviors may be affected by postembryonic neurogenesis in this brain structure. Here, we have identified a progenitor population in the zebrafish hypothalamus that continuously generates neurons that express tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (th2). We develop and use novel transgenic tools to characterize the lineage of th2(+) cells and demonstrate that they are dopaminergic. Through genetic ablation and optogenetic activation, we then show that th2(+) neurons modulate the initiation of swimming behavior in zebrafish larvae. Finally, we find that the generation of new th2(+) neurons following ablation correlates with restoration of normal behavior. This work thus identifies for the first time a population of dopaminergic neurons that regulates motor behavior capable of functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D McPherson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua P Barrios
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sasha J Luks-Morgan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John P Manfredi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adam D Douglass
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Richard I Dorsky
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Kalueff AV, Echevarria DJ, Homechaudhuri S, Stewart AM, Collier AD, Kaluyeva AA, Li S, Liu Y, Chen P, Wang J, Yang L, Mitra A, Pal S, Chaudhuri A, Roy A, Biswas M, Roy D, Podder A, Poudel MK, Katare DP, Mani RJ, Kyzar EJ, Gaikwad S, Nguyen M, Song C. Zebrafish neurobehavioral phenomics for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:297-309. [PMID: 26372090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly emerging as an important model organism for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. The behavioral/phenotypic complexity of zebrafish allows for thorough dissection of complex human brain disorders and drug-evoked pathological states. As numerous zebrafish models become available with a wide spectrum of behavioral, genetic, and environmental methods to test novel drugs, here we discuss recent zebrafish phenomics methods to facilitate drug discovery, particularly in the field of biological psychiatry. Additionally, behavioral, neurological, and endocrine endpoints are becoming increasingly well-characterized in zebrafish, making them an inexpensive, robust and effective model for toxicology research and pharmacological screening. We also discuss zebrafish behavioral phenotypes, experimental considerations, pharmacological candidates and relevance of zebrafish neurophenomics to other 'omics' (e.g., genomic, proteomic) approaches. Finally, we critically evaluate the limitations of utilizing this model organism, and outline future strategies of research in the field of zebrafish phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Chemical-Technological Institute and Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - David J Echevarria
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Sumit Homechaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Adam D Collier
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | | | - Shaomin Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Yingcong Liu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - JiaJia Wang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Anisa Mitra
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Subharthi Pal
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adwitiya Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Missidona Biswas
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Dola Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anupam Podder
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Manoj K Poudel
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Deepshikha P Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Ruchi J Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Evan J Kyzar
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Siddharth Gaikwad
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Michael Nguyen
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Saha S, Patil S, Singh U, Singh O, Singru PS. Sexual dimorphism in the hypophysiotropic tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the preoptic area of the teleost, Clarias batrachus. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:23. [PMID: 26557978 PMCID: PMC4640419 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine (DA) neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) in the preoptic area (POA) of mammals express estrogen receptors, regulate luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, and show distinct sexual dimorphism. In teleosts, hypophysiotropic DA neurons of the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP), located in the anteroventral POA, express estrogen receptors, innervate LH cells, and emerged as a neuroanatomical substrate for inhibiting LH cells. Interestingly, the NPP and AVPV seem to share several similarities. Whether DAergic neurons in the NPP show sexual dimorphism is, however, not known. Based on the proposed homology to AVPV and previous studies showing greater tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and enzyme activity levels in the brain of female catfish, we hypothesize that females have greater number of DAergic neurons in the NPP and correspondingly more TH-immunoreactive fiber innervation of the pituitary. METHODS Adult, male and female Clarias batrachus collected during the prespawning phase of their reproductive cycle were used. Fish were anesthetized and perfused transcardially with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and 4 % paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer. Sections through the rostro-caudal extent of the POA and pituitary were processed for TH immunofluorescence. Using double immunofluorescence, the association between TH-immunoreactive fibers and LH cells in the pituitary was explored. Sections were analyzed using semiquantitative analysis. RESULTS NPP in POA of C. batrachus has two distinct subdivisions, viz, anterior (NPPa) and posterior (NPPp), and TH neurons were observed in both the subdivisions. Compared to that in the males, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) number of TH neurons was consistently observed in the NPPa of females. TH neurons in NPPp, however, showed no difference in the number or immunoreactivity. Since DA neurons in NPPa are hypophysiotropic, we compared TH-fiber innervation of the pituitary in both sexes. Compared to males, proximal pars distalis and LH cells in this region of the pituitary in females were densely innervated by TH fibers. CONCLUSIONS Neurons of NPPa and their innervation to the pituitary seem to be a distinct sexually dimorphic DAergic system in C. batrachus. The DAergic system may serve as a component of the neural mechanisms controlling the sexually dimorphic LH surge in teleosts. Given the similarities shared by NPPa and AVPV, homology between these two nuclei is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Saha
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, 751 005 Odisha India ; Present address: Institut Pasteur, Affiliated to: Ecole des neurosciences Paris (ENP) Graduate program, 28, rue du docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15 France
| | - Saurabh Patil
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, 751 005 Odisha India
| | - Uday Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, 751 005 Odisha India
| | - Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, 751 005 Odisha India
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, 751 005 Odisha India
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Chabbi A, Ganesh CB. Evidence for the involvement of dopamine in stress-induced suppression of reproduction in the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:343-56. [PMID: 25712855 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether stress-induced suppression of reproduction is mediated through the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the female cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. In the first experiment, application of antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; a marker for DA) in brain sections revealed the presence of intensely stained TH immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area (POA) and nucleus preopticus (NPO) during the previtellogenic phase. These cells showed weak immunoreactivity during the vitellogenic and prespawning phases concomitant with darkly stained luteinising hormone (LH) immunoreactive content in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the pituitary gland and fully ripened follicles (stage V) in the ovary of control fish. However, in fish exposed to aquacultural stressors, TH secreting cells remained intensely stained in POA and NPO regions during the prespawning phase, indicating increased synthetic and secretory activity, which was reflected by a significantly higher DA content compared to controls. Increased DA activity as a result of stress was associated with a decrease in the LH immunoreactive content in the PPD and an absence of stage V follicles in the ovary. In the second experiment, administration of DA caused effects similar to those in stressed fish, whereas DA receptor antagonist domperidone (DOM) treatment significantly increased the LH content in the PPD and the number of stage V follicles in unstressed fish. On the other hand, treatment of stressed fish with DOM resulted in dark accumulations of LH immunoreactive content in the PPD accompanied by the presence of stage V follicles in the ovary. Taken together, these results suggest an additional pathway for the inhibitory effects of stress through dopaminergic neurones along the reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chabbi
- Neuroendocrinology Research Lab, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Wang X, Yang L, Wu Y, Huang C, Wang Q, Han J, Guo Y, Shi X, Zhou B. The developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers: Effect of DE-71 on dopamine in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1119-1126. [PMID: 25651517 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is still a great concern. In the present study, the authors investigated whether exposure to PBDEs could affect the neurotransmitter system and cause developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos (2 h postfertilization) were exposed to different concentrations of the PBDE mixture DE-71 (0-100 μg/L). The larvae were harvested at 120 h postfertilization, and the impact on dopaminergic signaling was investigated. The results revealed significant reductions in content of whole-body dopamine and its metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, in DE-71-exposed larvae. The transcription of genes involved in the development of dopaminergic neurons (e.g., manf, bdnf, and nr4a2b) was significantly downregulated upon exposure to DE-71. Also, DE-71 resulted in a significant decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter protein levels in dopaminergic neurons. The expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase in forebrain neurons was assessed by whole-mount immunofluorescence, and the results further demonstrated that the tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression level was reduced in dopaminergic neurons. In addition to these molecular changes, the authors observed reduced locomotor activity in DE-71-exposed larvae. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that acute exposure to PBDEs can affect dopaminergic signaling by disrupting the synthesis and transportation of dopamine in zebrafish, thereby disrupting normal neurodevelopment. In accord with its experimental findings, the present study extends knowledge of the mechanisms governing PBDE-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Stewart AM, Ullmann JF, Norton WH, Brennan CH, Parker MO, Gerlai R, Kalueff AV. Molecular psychiatry of zebrafish. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:2-17. [PMID: 25349164 PMCID: PMC4318706 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to their well-characterized neural development and high genetic homology to mammals, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful model organism in the field of biological psychiatry. Here, we discuss the molecular psychiatry of zebrafish, and its implications for translational neuroscience research and modeling central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In particular, we outline recent genetic and technological developments allowing for in vivo examinations, high-throughput screening and whole-brain analyses in larval and adult zebrafish. We also summarize the application of these molecular techniques to the understanding of neuropsychiatric disease, outlining the potential of zebrafish for modeling complex brain disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), aggression, post-traumatic stress and substance abuse. Critically evaluating the advantages and limitations of larval and adult fish tests, we suggest that zebrafish models become a rapidly emerging new field in modern molecular psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Jeremy F.P. Ullmann
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - William H.J. Norton
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Caroline H. Brennan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1-4NS, UK
| | - Matthew O. Parker
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1-4NS, UK
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N Mississauga, Ontario L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
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Filippi A, Mueller T, Driever W. vglut2 and gad expression reveal distinct patterns of dual GABAergic versus glutamatergic cotransmitter phenotypes of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in the zebrafish brain. J Comp Neurol 2015; 522:2019-37. [PMID: 24374659 PMCID: PMC4288968 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the vertebrate lineage, dopaminergic neurons form important neuromodulatory systems that influence motor behavior, mood, cognition, and physiology. Studies in mammals have established that dopaminergic neurons often use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutamatergic cotransmission during development and physiological function. Here, we analyze vglut2, gad1b and gad2 expression in combination with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in 4-day-old larval and 30-day-old juvenile zebrafish brains to determine which dopaminergic and noradrenergic groups may use GABA or glutamate as a second transmitter. Our results show that most dopaminergic neurons also express GABAergic markers, including the dopaminergic groups of the olfactory bulb (homologous to mammalian A16) and the subpallium, the hypothalamic groups (A12, A14), the prethalamic zona incerta group (A13), the preoptic groups (A15), and the pretectal group. Thus, the majority of catecholaminergic neurons are gad1b/2-positive and coexpress GABA. A very few gad1/2-negative dopaminergic groups, however, express vglut2 instead and use glutamate as a second transmitter. These glutamatergic dual transmitter phenotypes are the Orthopedia transcription factor–dependent, A11-type dopaminergic neurons of the posterior tuberculum. All together, our results demonstrate that all catecholaminergic groups in zebrafish are either GABAergic or glutamatergic. Thus, cotransmission of dopamine and noradrenaline with either GABA or glutamate appears to be a regular feature of zebrafish catecholaminergic systems. We compare our results with those that have been described for mammalian systems, discuss the phenomenon of transmitter dualism in the context of developmental specification of GABAergic and glutamatergic regions in the brain, and put this phenomenon in an evolutionary perspective. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2019–2037, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Filippi
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Levitas-Djerbi T, Yelin-Bekerman L, Lerer-Goldshtein T, Appelbaum L. Hypothalamic leptin-neurotensin-hypocretin neuronal networks in zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:831-48. [PMID: 25421126 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13 amino acid neuropeptide that is expressed in the hypothalamus. In mammals, NTS-producing neurons that express leptin receptor (LepRb) regulate the function of hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) and dopamine neurons. Thus, the hypothalamic leptin-NTS-HCRT neuronal network orchestrates key homeostatic output, including sleep, feeding, and reward. However, the intricate mechanisms of the circuitry and the unique role of NTS-expressing neurons remain unclear. We studied the NTS neuronal networks in zebrafish and cloned the genes encoding the NTS neuropeptide and receptor (NTSR). Similar to mammals, the ligand is expressed primarily in the hypothalamus, while the receptor is expressed widely throughout the brain in zebrafish. A portion of hypothalamic nts-expressing neurons are inhibitory and some coexpress leptin receptor (lepR1). As in mammals, NTS and HCRT neurons are localized adjacently in the hypothalamus. To track the development and axonal projection of NTS neurons, the NTS promoter was isolated. Transgenesis and double labeling of NTS and HCRT neurons showed that NTS axons project toward HCRT neurons, some of which express ntsr. Moreover, another target of NTS neurons is ntsr-expressing dopaminergeric neurons. These findings suggest structural circuitry between leptin, NTS, and hypocretinergic or dopaminergic neurons and establish the zebrafish as a model to study the role of these neuronal circuits in the regulation of feeding, sleep, and reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Levitas-Djerbi
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel; The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
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Wang M, Banerjee K, Baker H, Cave JW. Nucleotide sequence conservation of novel and established cis-regulatory sites within the tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:74-90. [PMID: 25774193 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-014-1341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis and its gene proximal promoter ( < 1 kb upstream from the transcription start site) is essential for regulating transcription in both the developing and adult nervous systems. Several putative regulatory elements within the TH proximal promoter have been reported, but evolutionary conservation of these elements has not been thoroughly investigated. Since many vertebrate species are used to model development, function and disorders of human catecholaminergic neurons, identifying evolutionarily conserved transcription regulatory mechanisms is a high priority. In this study, we align TH proximal promoter nucleotide sequences from several vertebrate species to identify evolutionarily conserved motifs. This analysis identified three elements (a TATA box, cyclic AMP response element (CRE) and a 5'-GGTGG-3' site) that constitute the core of an ancient vertebrate TH promoter. Focusing on only eutherian mammals, two regions of high conservation within the proximal promoter were identified: a ∼250 bp region adjacent to the transcription start site and a ∼85 bp region located approximately 350 bp further upstream. Within both regions, conservation of previously reported cis-regulatory motifs and human single nucleotide variants was evaluated. Transcription reporter assays in a TH -expressing cell line demonstrated the functionality of highly conserved motifs in the proximal promoter regions and electromobility shift assays showed that brain-region specific complexes assemble on these motifs. These studies also identified a non-canonical CRE binding (CREB) protein recognition element in the proximal promoter. Together, these studies provide a detailed analysis of evolutionary conservation within the TH promoter and identify potential cis-regulatory motifs that underlie a core set of regulatory mechanisms in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | | | - Harriet Baker
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College Brain and Mind Research Institute, NY 10065, USA
| | - John W Cave
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College Brain and Mind Research Institute, NY 10065, USA
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74
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Herget U, Wolf A, Wullimann MF, Ryu S. Molecular neuroanatomy and chemoarchitecture of the neurosecretory preoptic-hypothalamic area in zebrafish larvae. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1542-64. [PMID: 24127437 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in mammals is the main hypothalamic nucleus controlling hormone release in the pituitary and plays pivotal roles in homeostasis. While the location of a PVN-homologous region has been described in adult fish as the neurosecretory preoptic area (NPO), this region has not been clearly defined in larval zebrafish due to the difficulty in defining cytoarchitectonic nuclear boundaries in the larval brain. Here we identify the precise location of the larval zebrafish NPO using conserved transcription factor and neuropeptide gene expressions. Our results identify the dorsal half of the preoptic-hypothalamic orthopedia a (otpa) domain as the larval NPO and the homologous region to the mammalian PVN. Further, by reconstructing the locations of cells producing zebrafish neuropeptides found in the mammalian PVN (CCK, CRH, ENK, NTS, SS, VIP, OXT, AVP), we provide the first 3D arrangement map of NPO neuropeptides in the larval zebrafish brain. Our results show striking conservation of transcription factor expression (otp, arx, dlx5a, isl1) in and around the NPO/PVN together with neuropeptide expression within it. Finally, we describe the exact anatomical location of cells producing Oxt and Avp in the adult zebrafish. Thus, our results identify the definitive borders and extent of the PVN homologous region in larval zebrafish and serve as an important basis for cross-species comparisons of PVN/NPO structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Herget
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Developmental Genetics of the Nervous System, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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75
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McNamara CG, Tejero-Cantero Á, Trouche S, Campo-Urriza N, Dupret D. Dopaminergic neurons promote hippocampal reactivation and spatial memory persistence. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1658-60. [PMID: 25326690 PMCID: PMC4241115 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we found that optogenetic burst stimulation of hippocampal dopaminergic fibers from midbrain neurons in mice exploring novel environments enhanced the reactivation of pyramidal cell assemblies during subsequent sleep/rest. When applied during spatial learning of new goal locations, dopaminergic photostimulation improved the later recall of neural representations of space and stabilized memory performance. These findings reveal that midbrain dopaminergic neurons promote hippocampal network dynamics associated with memory persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G McNamara
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Álvaro Tejero-Cantero
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stéphanie Trouche
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalia Campo-Urriza
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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76
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Dewan AK, Tricas TC. Cytoarchitecture of the Telencephalon in the Coral Reef Multiband Butterflyfish ( Chaetodon multicinctus: Perciformes). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2014; 84:31-50. [DOI: 10.1159/000363124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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77
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The tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2) system in zebrafish brain and stress activation of hypothalamic cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:619-33. [PMID: 25028341 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two tyrosine hydroxylases (TH1 and TH2) are found in teleost fish, but no antibodies are available for TH2 protein to analyze the detailed structure of the system. We generated antibodies targeting TH2 and used them to characterize the TH2-producing cells in larval and adult zebrafish brain. The rabbit antisera reliably detected two bands corresponding to TH1 and TH2 close to 55 kDa in brain homogenates. The antisera detected neurons in brain nuclei which express th1 and th2 mRNA; knockdown of th2 expression by morpholino oligonucleotide injection abolished both the th2 mRNA signal and immunoreactivity with the rabbit antisera in TH2 cells. Double staining of samples with the rabbit antiserum made against TH2 and a monoclonal antibody which detects only TH1 allowed identification of cell groups expressing either one of the proteins. Cell groups in preoptic area, anterior, intermediate, and posterior part of the paraventricular organ contained neurons stained with the new TH2 antisera but not with the characterized monoclonal TH1 antibody. Neurons immunoreactive for TH2 and 5-HT were distinct. In situ hybridization for the mRNA of the immediate early gene c-fos combined with TH1/TH2 immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the cells of the zebrafish brain reacting to handling stress and a noxious chemical stimulus. Strong upregulation of c-fos expression was detected in hypothalamic nuclei containing TH2 cells, but few of the c-fos-expressing cells were positive for TH2, suggesting that these stressors do not directly activate a large proportion of TH2 cells.
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78
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Kumar S, Singh U, Saha S, Singru PS. Tyrosine hydroxylase in the olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosus: organisation and interaction with neuropeptide Y in the preoptic area. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:400-11. [PMID: 24750502 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) inhibits, whereas gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates, luteinisiing (LH) cells in the pituitary of some but not all teleosts. A reduction in the hypophysiotropic dopaminergic tone is necessary for the stimulatory effect of GnRH on LH cells. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has emerged as one of the potent, endogenous agent that modulates LH secretion directly or indirectly via GnRH. Involvement of NPY in the regulation of hypophysiotropic DA neurones, however, is not known, but there is good evidence suggesting an interaction in the mammalian hypothalamus. DA neurones, identified by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactivity, were observed widely throughout the brain of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosus. The granule cells and ganglion cells of terminal nerve in the olfactory bulb, and cells in ventral telencephalon and preoptic area (POA) showed conspicuous TH immunoreactivity. In the POA, the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP), divisible into anterior (NPPa) and posterior (NPPp) components, showed prominent TH-immunoreactivity. The majority of TH neurones in NPPa showed axonal extensions to the pituitary and were closely associated with LH cells. The NPPa also appeared to be the site for intense interaction between NPY and DA because it contains a rich network of NPY fibres and few immunoreactive cells. Approximately 89.7 ± 1.5% TH neurones in NPPa were contacted by NPY fibres. Superfused POA slices treated with a NPY Y2 -receptor agonist, NPY 13-36 resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in TH-immunoreactivity in NPPa. TH neurones in NPPa did not respond to NPY Y1 -receptor agonist, [Leu(31) , Pro(34) ] Neuropeptide Y treatment. We suggest that, by inhibiting DAergic neurones in NPPa via Y2 -receptors, NPY may contribute to the up-regulation of the GnRH-LH cells axis. The microcircuitry of DA and NPY and their interaction in NPPa might be a crucial component in the central regulation of LH secretion in the teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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79
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Wong RY, Cummings ME. Expression Patterns of Neuroligin-3 and Tyrosine Hydroxylase across the Brain in Mate Choice Contexts in Female Swordtails. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2014; 83:231-43. [DOI: 10.1159/000360071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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80
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A mutation in the enzyme monoamine oxidase explains part of the Astyanax cavefish behavioural syndrome. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3647. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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81
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Mamta SK, Raghuveer K, Sudhakumari CC, Rajakumar A, Basavaraju Y, Senthilkumaran B. Cloning and expression analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and changes in catecholamine levels in brain during ontogeny and after sex steroid analogues exposure in the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 197:18-25. [PMID: 24315863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) is the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine (CA) biosynthesis and is considered to be a marker for CA-ergic neurons, which regulate the levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in brain and gonadotropins in the pituitary. In the present study, we cloned full-length cDNA of Th from the catfish brain and evaluated its expression pattern in the male and female brain during early development and after sex-steroid analogues treatment using quantitative real-time PCR. We measured the CA levels to compare our results on Th. Cloned Th from catfish brain is 1.591 kb, which encodes a putative protein of 458 amino acid residues and showed high homology with other teleosts. The tissue distribution of Th revealed ubiquitous expression in all the tissues analyzed with maximum expression in male and female brain. Copy number analysis showed two-fold more transcript abundance in the female brain when compared with the male brain. A differential expression pattern of Th was observed in which the mRNA levels were significantly higher in females compared with males, during early brain development. CAs, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in the developing male and female brain confirmed the prominence of the CA-ergic system in the female brain. Sex-steroid analogue treatment using methyltestosterone and ethinylestradiol confirmed our findings of the differential expression of Th related to CA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajwan Khatri Mamta
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences - Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kavarthapu Raghuveer
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences - Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Cheni-Chery Sudhakumari
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences - Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anbazhagan Rajakumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences - Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yaraguntappa Basavaraju
- Fisheries Research and Information Centre (Inland), Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences - Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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82
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Cheng RK, Jesuthasan SJ, Penney TB. Zebrafish forebrain and temporal conditioning. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20120462. [PMID: 24446496 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of zebrafish as a neuroscience research model organism, in conjunction with recent progress in single-cell resolution whole-brain imaging of larval zebrafish, opens a new window of opportunity for research on interval timing. In this article, we review zebrafish neuroanatomy and neuromodulatory systems, with particular focus on identifying homologies between the zebrafish forebrain and the mammalian forebrain. The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of interval timing is summarized with emphasis on the potential of using zebrafish to reveal the neural circuits for interval timing. The behavioural repertoire of larval zebrafish is reviewed and we demonstrate that larval zebrafish are capable of expecting a stimulus at a precise time point with minimal training. In conclusion, we propose that interval timing research using zebrafish and whole-brain calcium imaging at single-cell resolution will contribute to our understanding of how timing and time perception originate in the vertebrate brain from the level of single cells to circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Kuang Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, , A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, #08-13 Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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83
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Goebrecht GKE, Kowtoniuk RA, Kelly BG, Kittelberger JM. Sexually-dimorphic expression of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the brain of a vocal teleost fish (Porichthys notatus). J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 56:13-34. [PMID: 24418093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vocal communication has emerged as a powerful model for the study of neural mechanisms of social behavior. Modulatory neurochemicals postulated to play a central role in social behavior, related to motivation, arousal, incentive and reward, include the catecholamines, particularly dopamine and noradrenaline. Many questions remain regarding the functional mechanisms by which these modulators interact with sensory and motor systems. Here, we begin to address these questions in a model system for vocal and social behavior, the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). We mapped the distribution of immunoreactivity for the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the midshipman brain. The general pattern of TH(+) cell groups in midshipman appears to be highly conserved with other teleost fish, with a few exceptions, including the apparent absence of pretectal catecholamine cells. Many components of the midshipman vocal and auditory systems were innervated by TH(+) fibers and terminals, including portions of the subpallial area ventralis, the preoptic complex, and the anterior hypothalamus, the midbrain periaqueductal gray and torus semicircularis, several hindbrain auditory nuclei, and parts of the hindbrain vocal pattern generator. These areas thus represent potential sites for catecholamine modulation of vocal and/or auditory behavior. To begin to test functionally whether catecholamines modulate vocal social behaviors, we hypothesized that male and female midshipman, which are sexually dimorphic in both their vocal-motor repertoires and in their responses to hearing conspecific vocalizations, should exhibit sexually dimorphic expression of TH immunoreactivity in their vocal and/or auditory systems. We used quantitative immunohistochemical techniques to test this hypothesis across a number of brain areas. We found significantly higher levels of TH expression in male midshipman relative to females in the TH cell population in the paraventricular organ of the diencephalon and in the TH-innervated torus semicircularis, the main teleost midbrain auditory structure. The torus semicircularis has been implicated in sexually dimorphic behavioral responses to conspecific vocalizations. Our data thus support the general idea that catecholamines modulate vocal and auditory processing in midshipman, and the specific hypothesis that they shape sexually dimorphic auditory responses in the auditory midbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine K E Goebrecht
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
| | - Robert A Kowtoniuk
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
| | - Brenda G Kelly
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
| | - J Matthew Kittelberger
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
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84
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Decker AR, McNeill MS, Lambert AM, Overton JD, Chen YC, Lorca RA, Johnson NA, Brockerhoff SE, Mohapatra DP, MacArthur H, Panula P, Masino MA, Runnels LW, Cornell RA. Abnormal differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish trpm7 mutant larvae impairs development of the motor pattern. Dev Biol 2013; 386:428-39. [PMID: 24291744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential, melastatin-like 7 (Trpm7) is a combined ion channel and kinase implicated in the differentiation or function of many cell types. Early lethality in mice and frogs depleted of the corresponding gene impedes investigation of the functions of this protein particularly during later stages of development. By contrast, zebrafish trpm7 mutant larvae undergo early morphogenesis normally and thus do not have this limitation. The mutant larvae are characterized by multiple defects including melanocyte cell death, transient paralysis, and an ion imbalance that leads to the development of kidney stones. Here we report a requirement for Trpm7 in differentiation or function of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. First, trpm7 mutant larvae are hypomotile and fail to make a dopamine-dependent developmental transition in swim-bout length. Both of these deficits are partially rescued by the application of levodopa or dopamine. Second, histological analysis reveals that in trpm7 mutants a significant fraction of dopaminergic neurons lack expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Third, trpm7 mutants are unusually sensitive to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, an oxidative stressor, and their motility is partially rescued by application of the iron chelator deferoxamine, an anti-oxidant. Finally, in SH-SY5Y cells, which model aspects of human dopaminergic neurons, forced expression of a channel-dead variant of TRPM7 causes cell death. In summary, a forward genetic screen in zebrafish has revealed that both melanocytes and dopaminergic neurons depend on the ion channel Trpm7. The mechanistic underpinning of this dependence requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Decker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Matthew S McNeill
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Aaron M Lambert
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Overton
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramón A Lorca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, United States
| | - Nicolas A Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Susan E Brockerhoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, United States
| | - Heather MacArthur
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Pertti Panula
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark A Masino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Loren W Runnels
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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85
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Priyadarshini M, Orosco LA, Panula PJ. Oxidative stress and regulation of Pink1 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2013; 8:e81851. [PMID: 24324558 PMCID: PMC3850071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated neuronal dysfunction is characteristic of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the formation of L-DOPA, the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of dopamine. A lack of dopamine in the striatum is the most characteristic feature of PD, and the cause of the most dominant symptoms. Loss of function mutations in the PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK1) gene cause autosomal recessive PD. This study explored the basic mechanisms underlying the involvement of pink1 in oxidative stress-mediated PD pathology using zebrafish as a tool. We generated a transgenic line, Tg(pink1:EGFP), and used it to study the effect of oxidative stress (exposure to H2O2) on pink1 expression. GFP expression was enhanced throughout the brain of zebrafish larvae subjected to oxidative stress. In addition to a widespread increase in pink1 mRNA expression, mild oxidative stress induced a clear decline in tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (th2), but not tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (th1) expression, in the brain of wild-type larvae. The drug L-Glutathione Reduced (LGR) has been associated with anti-oxidative and possible neuroprotective properties. Administration of LGR normalized the increased fluorescence intensity indicating pink1 transgene expression and endogenous pink1 mRNA expression in larvae subjected to oxidative stress by H2O2. In the pink1 morpholino oliogonucleotide-injected larvae, the reduction in the expression of th1 and th2 was partially rescued by LGR. The pink1 gene is a sensitive marker of oxidative stress in zebrafish, and LGR effectively normalizes the consequences of mild oxidative stress, suggesting that the neuroprotective effects of pink1 and LGR may be significant and useful in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Priyadarshini
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lori A. Orosco
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pertti J. Panula
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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86
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Pose-Méndez S, Candal E, Adrio F, Rodríguez-Moldes I. Development of the cerebellar afferent system in the sharkScyliorhinus canicula: Insights into the basal organization of precerebellar nuclei in gnathostomes. J Comp Neurol 2013; 522:131-68. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sol Pose-Méndez
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Eva Candal
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Fátima Adrio
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Moldes
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
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87
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Martineau PR, Mourrain P. Tracking zebrafish larvae in group--status and perspectives. Methods 2013; 62:292-303. [PMID: 23707495 PMCID: PMC3775500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Video processing is increasingly becoming a standard procedure in zebrafish behavior investigations as it enables higher research throughput and new or better measures. This trend, fostered by the ever increasing performance-to-price ratio of the required recording and processing equipment, should be expected to continue in the foreseeable future, with video-processing based methods permeating more and more experiments and, as a result, expanding the very role of behavioral studies in zebrafish research. To assess whether the routine video tracking of zebrafish larvae directly in the Petri dish is a capability that can be expected in the near future, the key processing concepts are discussed and illustrated on published zebrafish studies when available or other animals when not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre R. Martineau
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Sleep Sciences, Beckman Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Martineau & Associates, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Sleep Sciences, Beckman Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Inserm 1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005, France
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88
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Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is crucial for brain development and motor functions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71741. [PMID: 23940784 PMCID: PMC3734303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare pediatric neuro-metabolic disease in children. Due to the lack of an animal model, its pathogenetic mechanism is poorly understood. To study the role of AADC in brain development, a zebrafish model of AADC deficiency was generated. We identified an aadc gene homolog, dopa decarboxylase (ddc), in the zebrafish genome. Whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis showed that the ddc gene is expressed in the epiphysis, locus caeruleus, diencephalic catecholaminergic clusters, and raphe nuclei of 36-h post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos. Inhibition of Ddc by AADC inhibitor NSD-1015 or anti-sense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) reduced brain volume and body length. We observed increased brain cell apoptosis and loss of dipencephalic catecholaminergic cluster neurons in ddc morphants (ddc MO-injected embryos). Seizure-like activity was also detected in ddc morphants in a dose-dependent manner. ddc morphants had less sensitive touch response and impaired swimming activity that could be rescued by injection of ddc plasmids. In addition, eye movement was also significantly impaired in ddc morphants. Collectively, loss of Ddc appears to result in similar phenotypes as that of ADCC deficiency, thus zebrafish could be a good model for investigating pathogenetic mechanisms of AADC deficiency in children.
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89
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Ren G, Li S, Zhong H, Lin S. Zebrafish tyrosine hydroxylase 2 gene encodes tryptophan hydroxylase. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22451-9. [PMID: 23754283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.485227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease (PD) is the profound loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To facilitate the understanding of the underling mechanism of PD, several zebrafish PD models have been generated to recapitulate the characteristics of dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss. In zebrafish studies, tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (th1) has been frequently used as a molecular marker of DA neurons. However, th1 also labels norepinephrine and epinephrine neurons. Recently, a homologue of th1, named tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (th2), was identified based on the sequence homology and subsequently used as a novel marker of DA neurons. In this study, we present evidence that th2 co-localizes with serotonin in the ventral diencephalon and caudal hypothalamus in zebrafish embryos. In addition, knockdown of th2 reduces the level of serotonin in the corresponding th2-positive neurons. This phenotype can be rescued by both zebrafish th2 and mouse tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) mRNA as well as by 5-hydroxytryptophan, the product of tryptophan hydroxylase. Moreover, the purified Th2 protein has tryptophan hydroxylase activity comparable with that of the mouse TPH1 protein in vitro. Based on these in vivo and in vitro results, we conclude that th2 is a gene encoding for tryptophan hydroxylase and should be used as a marker gene of serotonergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqi Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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90
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Leal E, Fernández-Durán B, Agulleiro MJ, Conde-Siera M, Míguez JM, Cerdá-Reverter JM. Effects of dopaminergic system activation on feeding behavior and growth performance of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a self-feeding approach. Horm Behav 2013; 64:113-21. [PMID: 23747830 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is synthesized from l-dopa and subsequently processed into norepinephrine and epinephrine. Any excess neurotransmitter can be taken up again by the neurons to be broken down enzymatically into DOPAC. The effect of dopamine on mammalian food intake is controversial. Mice unable to synthesize central dopamine die of starvation. However, studies have also shown that central injection of dopamine inhibits food intake. The effect of dopaminergic system in the fish feeding behavior has been scarcely explored. We report that the inclusion of l-dopa in the diets results in the activation of sea bass central dopaminergic system but also in the significant increase of the hypothalamic serotonin levels. Dietary l-dopa induces a decrease of food intake and feed conversion efficiency that drives a decline of all growth parameters tested. No behavioral effects were observed after l-dopa treatment. l-dopa treatment stimulated central expression of NPY and CRF. It suggests that CRF might mediate l-dopa effects on food intake but also that CRF neurons lie downstream of NPY neurons in the hierarchical forebrain system, thus controlling energy balance. Unexpectedly, dietary administration of haloperidol, a D2-receptor antagonist, cannot block dopamine effects but also induces a decline of the food intake. This decrease seems to be a side effect of haloperidol treatment since fish exhibited a decreased locomotor activity. We conclude that oral l-dopa inhibits sea bass food intake and growth. Mechanism could also involve an increase of hypothalamic serotoninergic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Leal
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
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91
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Maximino C, Lima MG, Oliveira KRM, Batista EDJO, Herculano AM. “Limbic associative” and “autonomic” amygdala in teleosts: A review of the evidence. J Chem Neuroanat 2013; 48-49:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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92
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Fontaine R, Affaticati P, Yamamoto K, Jolly C, Bureau C, Baloche S, Gonnet F, Vernier P, Dufour S, Pasqualini C. Dopamine inhibits reproduction in female zebrafish (Danio rerio) via three pituitary D2 receptor subtypes. Endocrinology 2013; 154:807-18. [PMID: 23295741 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In many teleosts, the stimulatory control of gonadotrope axis by GnRH is opposed by an inhibitory control by dopamine (DA). The functional importance of this inhibitory pathway differs widely from one teleostean species to another. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a teleost fish that has become increasingly popular as an experimental vertebrate model. However, the role of DA in the neuroendocrine control of its reproduction has never been studied. Here the authors evaluated in sexually regressed female zebrafish the effects of in vivo treatments with a DA D2 receptor (D2-R) antagonist domperidone, or a GnRH agonist, alone and in combination, on the pituitary level of FSHβ and LHβ transcripts, the gonadosomatic index, and the ovarian histology. Only the double treatment with GnRH agonist and domperidone could induce an increase in the expression of LHβ, in the gonadosomatic index, and a stimulation of ovarian vitellogenesis, indicating that removal of dopaminergic inhibition is required for the stimulatory action of GnRH and reactivation of ovarian function to occur. Using double immunofluorescent staining on pituitary, the authors showed in this species the innervation of LH cells by tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers. Finally, using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, the authors showed that the three subtypes of zebrafish DA D2-R (D2a, D2b, and D2c) were expressed in LH-producing cells, suggesting that they all may be involved in mediating this inhibition. These results show for the first time that, in zebrafish, DA has a direct and potent inhibitory action capable of opposing the stimulatory effect of GnRH in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 3294, Neurobiologie et Développement, Avenue de la Terrasse, bat 5E, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198 Cedex, France
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93
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Cocaine modulates the expression of transcription factors related to the dopaminergic system in zebrafish. Neuroscience 2013; 231:258-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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94
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Barreiro-Iglesias A, Mysiak KS, Adrio F, Rodicio MC, Becker CG, Becker T, Anadón R. Distribution of glycinergic neurons in the brain of glycine transporter-2 transgenic Tg(glyt2:Gfp) adult zebrafish: Relationship to brain-spinal descending systems. J Comp Neurol 2012; 521:389-425. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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95
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Kress S, Wullimann MF. Correlated basal expression of immediate early gene egr1 and tyrosine hydroxylase in zebrafish brain and downregulation in olfactory bulb after transitory olfactory deprivation. J Chem Neuroanat 2012; 46:51-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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96
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Mu Y, Li XQ, Zhang B, Du JL. Visual input modulates audiomotor function via hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons through a cooperative mechanism. Neuron 2012; 75:688-99. [PMID: 22920259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Visual cues often modulate auditory signal processing, leading to improved sound detection. However, the synaptic and circuit mechanism underlying this cross-modal modulation remains poorly understood. Using larval zebrafish, we first established a cross-modal behavioral paradigm in which a preceding flash enhances sound-evoked escape behavior, which is known to be executed through auditory afferents (VIII(th) nerves) and command-like neurons (Mauthner cells). In vivo recording revealed that the visual enhancement of auditory escape is achieved by increasing sound-evoked Mauthner cell responses. This increase in Mauthner cell responses is accounted for by the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of sound-evoked VIII(th) nerve spiking and efficacy of VIII(th) nerve-Mauthner cell synapses. Furthermore, the visual enhancement of Mauthner cell response and escape behavior requires light-responsive dopaminergic neurons in the caudal hypothalamus and D1 dopamine receptor activation. Our findings illustrate a cooperative neural mechanism for visual modulation of audiomotor processing that involves dopaminergic neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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97
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Singh U, Kumar S, Singru PS. Interaction between dopamine- and isotocin-containing neurones in the preoptic area of the catfish, Clarias batrachus: role in the regulation of luteinising hormone cells. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:1398-411. [PMID: 22672503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apart from gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and dopamine (DA), oxytocin has emerged as an important endogenous agent that regulates reproduction. Although the interaction between these factors has been extensively studied in mammals, parallel information in teleosts is much limited. We studied the organisation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; a marker for dopamine) and isotocin neurones in the preoptic area (POA) and hypothalamus of the catfish, Clarias batrachus and its implication in the regulation of luteinising hormone (LH) cells in the pituitary. Nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP), a major dopaminergic centre in the brain, consists of anterior (NPPa) and posterior (NPPp) subdivisions. Using retrograde neuronal tracing, we found that majority of the DA neurones in NPPa, but none from NPPp, project to the pituitary. The nucleus preopticus (NPO) of C. batrachus contains a conspicuous assemblage of large isotocin-positive neurones. It consists of a paraventricular subdivision (NPOpv) located on either side of the third ventricle and lies roughly sandwiched between the dopaminergic neurones of NPPa and NPPp. An additional subset of isotocin neurones was located above the optic chiasm in the supraoptic subdivision of the NPO (NPOso). Isotocin-containing neurones in both the subdivisions of NPO were densely innervated by DA fibres. Superfusion of the POA-containing brain slices with DA D(1) -like receptor agonist (SKF-38393) resulted in significant increase in isotocin immunoreactivity in the NPOpv neurones; NPOso neurones did not respond. However, treatment with DA D(2) -like receptor agonist (quinpirole) reduced isotocin immunoreactivity in the NPOso, but not in the NPOpv. Thus, DA appears to differentially regulate the components of isotocinergic system. Isotocin fibres extend to the pituitary and terminate on LH cells and the superfused pituitary slices treated with isotocin caused significant reduction in LHβ-immunoreactivity. An elaborate interplay between the DA and isotocin systems appears to be an important component of the LH regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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98
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Becker TS, Rinkwitz S. Zebrafish as a genomics model for human neurological and polygenic disorders. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:415-28. [PMID: 21465670 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing and, to a lesser extent, genome-wide association studies, have provided unprecedented advances in identifying genes and candidate genomic regions involved in the development of human disease. Further progress will come from sequencing the entire genome of multiple patients and normal controls to evaluate overall mutational burden and disease risk. A major challenge will be the interpretation of the resulting data and distinguishing true pathogenic mutations from rare benign variants.While in model organisms such as the zebrafish,mutants are sought that disrupt the function of individual genes, human mutations that cause, or are associated with, the development of disease, are often not acting in a Mendelian fashion, are frequently of small effect size, are late onset, and may reside in noncoding parts of the genome. The zebrafish model is uniquely poised for understanding human coding- and noncoding variants because of its sequenced genome, a large body of knowledge on gene expression and function, rapid generation time, and easy access to embryos. A critical advantage is the ease of zebrafish transgenesis, both for the testing of human regulatory DNA driving expression of fluorescent reporter proteins, and the expression of mutated disease-associated human proteins in specific neurons to rapidly model aspects of neurological disorders. The zebrafish affords progress both through its model genome and it is rapidly developing transparent model vertebrate embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Becker
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
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99
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Schweitzer J, Lohr H, Filippi A, Driever W. Dopaminergic and noradrenergic circuit development in zebrafish. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:256-68. [PMID: 21567980 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons constitute some of the major far projecting systems in the vertebrate brain and spinal cord that modulate the activity of circuits controlling a broad range of behaviors. Degeneration or dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons has also been linked to a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease.Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged over the past two decades into a major genetic vertebrate model system,and thus contributed to a better understanding of developmental mechanisms controlling dopaminergic neuron specification and axonogenesis. In this review, we want to focus on conserved and dynamic aspects of the different catecholaminergic systems, which may help to evaluate the zebrafish as a model for dopaminergic and noradrenergic cellular specification and circuit function as well as biomedical aspects of catecholamine systems.
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100
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Carrera I, Anadón R, Rodríguez-Moldes I. Development of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell populations and fiber pathways in the brain of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula: New perspectives on the evolution of the vertebrate catecholaminergic system. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:3574-603. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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