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Coenzyme Q10 and Melatonin Protect Cryopreserved Equine Sperm Against Lipoperoxidation. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 243:107027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sussmann RAC, Gabriel HB, Ríos AG, Menchaca Vega DS, Yamaguchi LF, Doménech-Carbó A, Cebrián-Torrejón G, Kimura EA, Kato MJ, Bofill Verdaguer I, Crispim M, Katzin AM. Presence of Phylloquinone in the Intraerythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:869085. [PMID: 35531326 PMCID: PMC9069557 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.869085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most widespread parasitic diseases, especially in Africa, Southeast Asia and South America. One of the greatest problems for control of the disease is the emergence of drug resistance, which leads to a need for the development of new antimalarial compounds. The biosynthesis of isoprenoids has been investigated as part of a strategy to identify new targets to obtain new antimalarial drugs. Several isoprenoid quinones, including menaquinone-4 (MK-4/vitamin K2), α- and γ-tocopherol and ubiquinone (UQ) homologs UQ-8 and UQ-9, were previously detected in in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum in asexual stages. Herein, we described for the first time the presence of phylloquinone (PK/vitamin K1) in P. falciparum and discuss the possible origins of this prenylquinone. While our results in metabolic labeling experiments suggest a biosynthesis of PK prenylation via phytyl pyrophosphate (phytyl-PP) with phytol being phosphorylated, on the other hand, exogenous PK attenuated atovaquone effects on parasitic growth and respiration, showing that this metabolite can be transported from extracellular environment and that the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) of P. falciparum is capable to interact with PK. Although the natural role and origin of PK remains elusive, this work highlights the PK importance in plasmodial metabolism and future studies will be important to elucidate in seeking new targets for antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. C. Sussmann
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Institute of Humanities, Arts and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Porto Seguro, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B. Gabriel
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro García Ríos
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Metalopharmaceuticals, Institute of Chemistry at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Chemistry Program, Universidad del Quindio, Quindio, Colombia
| | - Danielle S. Menchaca Vega
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lydia F. Yamaguchi
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departament of Analytic Chemistry, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerardo Cebrián-Torrejón
- Laboratoire Connaissance et Valorisation Equipes d'Accueil (COVACHIM-M2E EA) 3592, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Emilia A. Kimura
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Massuo J. Kato
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignasi Bofill Verdaguer
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcell Crispim
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro M. Katzin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alejandro M. Katzin,
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Berger A, Latimer S, Stutts LR, Soubeyrand E, Block AK, Basset GJ. Kaempferol as a precursor for ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) biosynthesis: An atypical node between specialized metabolism and primary metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 66:102165. [PMID: 35026487 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is a vital respiratory cofactor and liposoluble antioxidant. Studies have shown that plants derive approximately a quarter of 4-hydroxybenzoate, which serves as the direct ring precursor of ubiquinone, from the catabolism of kaempferol. Biochemical and genetic evidence suggests that the release of 4-hydroxybenzoate from kaempferol is catalyzed by heme-dependent peroxidases and that 3-O-glycosylations of kaempferol act as a negative regulator of this process. These findings not only represent an atypical instance of primary metabolite being derived from specialized metabolism but also raise the question as to whether ubiquinone contributes to the ROS scavenging and signaling functions already established for flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berger
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Scott Latimer
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lauren R Stutts
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Eric Soubeyrand
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Anna K Block
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Chemistry Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Gilles J Basset
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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González-Jamett A, Vásquez W, Cifuentes-Riveros G, Martínez-Pando R, Sáez JC, Cárdenas AM. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Connexin Hemichannels in Muscular Dystrophies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020507. [PMID: 35203715 PMCID: PMC8962419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of congenital neuromuscular disorders whose clinical signs include myalgia, skeletal muscle weakness, hypotonia, and atrophy that leads to progressive muscle disability and loss of ambulation. MDs can also affect cardiac and respiratory muscles, impairing life-expectancy. MDs in clude Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. These and other MDs are caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins responsible for the structure and function of skeletal muscles, such as components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein-complex that connect the sarcomeric-actin with the extracellular matrix, allowing contractile force transmission and providing stability during muscle contraction. Consequently, in dystrophic conditions in which such proteins are affected, muscle integrity is disrupted, leading to local inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, Ca2+-dyshomeostasis and muscle degeneration. In this scenario, dysregulation of connexin hemichannels seem to be an early disruptor of the homeostasis that further plays a relevant role in these processes. The interaction between all these elements constitutes a positive feedback loop that contributes to the worsening of the diseases. Thus, we discuss here the interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress and connexin hemichannels in the progression of MDs and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlek González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Walter Vásquez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Gabriela Cifuentes-Riveros
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rafaela Martínez-Pando
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Ana M. Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (A.M.C.)
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CoenzymeQ10 and Ischemic Preconditioning Potentially Prevent Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion in Knee Arthroplasty, but Combined Pretreatment Possibly Neutralizes Their Beneficial Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020419. [PMID: 35204301 PMCID: PMC8869537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourniquet (TQ) use during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) induces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aims to determine the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC), either alone or in combination, on I/R-induced mitochondrial respiration alteration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pain following TKA. Forty-four patients were allocated into four groups: control, CoQ10, IPC, and CoQ10 + IPC. CoQ10 dose was 300 mg/day for 28 days. IPC protocol was three cycles of 5/5-min I/R time. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) of PBMCs were measured seven times, at baseline and during ischemic/reperfusion phases, with XFe 96 extracellular flux analyzer. Postoperative pain was assessed for 48 h. CoQ10 improved baseline mitochondrial uncoupling state; however, changes in OCRs during the early phase of I/R were not significantly different from the placebo. Compared to ischemic data, IPC transiently increased basal OCR and ATP production at 2 h after reperfusion. Clinically, CoQ10 significantly decreased pain scores and morphine requirements at 24 h. CoQ10 + IPC abolished analgesic effect of CoQ10 and mitochondrial protection of IPC. In TKA with TQ, IPC enhanced mitochondrial function by a transient increase in basal and ATP-linked respiration, and CoQ10 provides postoperative analgesic effect. Surprisingly, CoQ10 + IPC interferes with beneficial effects of each intervention.
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Claxton L, Simmonds M, Beresford L, Cubbon R, Dayer M, Gottlieb SS, Hartshorne-Evans N, Kilroy B, Llewellyn A, Rothery C, Sharif S, Tierney JF, Witte KK, Wright K, Stewart LA. Coenzyme Q10 to manage chronic heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2022; 26:1-128. [PMID: 35076012 DOI: 10.3310/kvou6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure is a debilitating condition that accounts for an annual NHS spend of £2.3B. Low levels of endogenous coenzyme Q10 may exacerbate chronic heart failure. Coenzyme Q10 supplements might improve symptoms and slow progression. As statins are thought to block the production of coenzyme Q10, supplementation might be particularly beneficial for patients taking statins. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 in managing chronic heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. METHODS A systematic review that included randomised trials comparing coenzyme Q10 plus standard care with standard care alone in chronic heart failure. Trials restricted to chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction were excluded. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched up to March 2020. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (version 5.2). A planned individual participant data meta-analysis was not possible and meta-analyses were mostly based on aggregate data from publications. Potential effect modification was examined using meta-regression. A Markov model used treatment effects from the meta-analysis and baseline mortality and hospitalisation from an observational UK cohort. Costs were evaluated from an NHS and Personal Social Services perspective and expressed in Great British pounds at a 2019/20 price base. Outcomes were expressed in quality-adjusted life-years. Both costs and outcomes were discounted at a 3.5% annual rate. RESULTS A total of 26 trials, comprising 2250 participants, were included in the systematic review. Many trials were reported poorly and were rated as having a high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain. Meta-analysis suggested a possible benefit of coenzyme Q10 on all-cause mortality (seven trials, 1371 participants; relative risk 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 1.03). The results for short-term functional outcomes were more modest or unclear. There was no indication of increased adverse events with coenzyme Q10. Meta-regression found no evidence of treatment interaction with statins. The base-case cost-effectiveness analysis produced incremental costs of £4878, incremental quality-adjusted life-years of 1.34 and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £3650. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that at thresholds of £20,000 and £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year coenzyme Q10 had a high probability (95.2% and 95.8%, respectively) of being more cost-effective than standard care alone. Scenario analyses in which the population and other model assumptions were varied all found coenzyme Q10 to be cost-effective. The expected value of perfect information suggested that a new trial could be valuable. LIMITATIONS For most outcomes, data were available from few trials and different trials contributed to different outcomes. There were concerns about risk of bias and whether or not the results from included trials were applicable to a typical UK population. A lack of individual participant data meant that planned detailed analyses of effect modifiers were not possible. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence suggested that, if prescribed, coenzyme Q10 has the potential to be clinically effective and cost-effective for heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. However, given important concerns about risk of bias, plausibility of effect sizes and applicability of the evidence base, establishing whether or not coenzyme Q10 is genuinely effective in a typical UK population is important, particularly as coenzyme Q10 has not been subject to the scrutiny of drug-licensing processes. Stronger evidence is needed before considering its prescription in the NHS. FUTURE WORK A new independent, well-designed clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 in a typical UK heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction population may be warranted. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018106189. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 4. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Claxton
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mark Simmonds
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lucy Beresford
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Richard Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Dayer
- Department of Cardiology, Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alexis Llewellyn
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Claire Rothery
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sahar Sharif
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jayne F Tierney
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Klaus K Witte
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kath Wright
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lesley A Stewart
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
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Coenzyme Q 0 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through Mitophagy Induction in LPS/ATP-Stimulated Macrophages. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4266214. [PMID: 35035661 PMCID: PMC8759827 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4266214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs with a variable number of isoprenoid units have exhibited as anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant molecules. Using novel quinone derivative CoQ0 (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, zero side chain isoprenoid), we studied its molecular activities against LPS/ATP-induced inflammation and redox imbalance in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. CoQ0's non- or subcytotoxic concentration suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and procaspase-1 activation, followed by downregulation of IL1β expression in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Similarly, treatment of CoQ0 led to LC3-I/II accumulation and p62/SQSTM1 activation. An increase in the Beclin-1/Bcl-2 ratio and a decrease in the expression of phosphorylated PI3K/AKT, p70 S6 kinase, and mTOR showed that autophagy was activated. Besides, CoQ0 increased Parkin protein to recruit damaged mitochondria and induced mitophagy in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. CoQ0 inhibited LPS/ATP-stimulated ROS generation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Notably, when LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with CoQ0, Mito-TEMPO (a mitochondrial ROS inhibitor), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS inhibitor), there was a significant reduction of LPS/ATP-stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1β expression. Interestingly, treatment with CoQ0 or Mito-TEMPO, but not NAC, significantly increased LPS/ATP-induced LC3-II accumulation indicating that mitophagy plays a key role in the regulation of CoQ0-inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nrf2 knockdown significantly decreased IL1β expression in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages suggesting that CoQ0 inhibited ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1β expression was suppressed due to the Nrf2 activation. Hence, this study showed that CoQ0 might be a promising candidate for the therapeutics of inflammatory disorders due to its effective anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant properties.
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Cucinotta F, Ricciardello A, Turriziani L, Mancini A, Keller R, Sacco R, Persico AM. Efficacy and Safety of Q10 Ubiquinol With Vitamins B and E in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Retrospective Chart Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:829516. [PMID: 35308885 PMCID: PMC8927903 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.829516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and defective mitochondrial functioning are shared features among many brain disorders. The aim of this study was to verify retrospectively the clinical efficacy and safety of a metabolic support therapy with Q10 ubiquinol, vitamin E and complex-B vitamins in various neurodevelopmental disorders. This retrospective chart review study included 59 patients (mean age 10.1 ± 1.2 y.o., range 2.5-39 years; M:F = 2.47:1), diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (n = 17), Autism Spectrum Disorder with co-morbid Intellectual Disability (n = 19), Intellectual Disability or Global Developmental Delay (n = 15), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (n = 3) and Intellectual Disability in Phelan-McDermid syndrome due to chr. 22q13.33 deletion (n = 5). After a minimum of 3 months of therapy, a positive outcome was recorded in 45/59 (76.27%) patients, with Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scores ranging between 1 ("very much improved") and 3 ("minimally improved"). The most widespread improvements were recorded in cognition (n = 26, 44.1%), adaptative functioning (n = 26, 44.1%) and social motivation (n = 19, 32.2%). Improvement rates differed by diagnosis, being observed most consistently in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (5/5, 100%), followed by Intellectual Disability/Global Developmental Delay (13/15, 86.7%), Autism Spectrum Disorder with co-morbid Intellectual Disability (15/19, 78.9%), Autism Spectrum Disorder (11/17, 64.7%) and ADHD (1/3, 33.3%). No significant adverse event or side effect leading to treatment discontinuation were recorded. Mild side effects were reported in 18 (30.5%) patients, with the most frequent being increased hyperactivity (9/59, 15.3%). This retrospective chart review suggests that metabolic support therapy with Q10 ubiquinol, vitamin E and complex-B vitamins is well tolerated and produces some improvement in the majority of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in the presence of intellectual disability. Randomized controlled trials for each single neurodevelopmental disorder are now warranted to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of these mitochondrial bioenergetic and antioxidant agents and to estimate their therapeutic effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cucinotta
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital, Messina, Italy.,IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Ricciardello
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital, Messina, Italy.,Villa Miralago, Cuasso al Monte, Italy
| | - Laura Turriziani
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Mancini
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Keller
- Mental Health Department, Adult Autism Centre, Rete Ospedaliera Territorio Nord-Ovest, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio M Persico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Program, Modena University Hospital and Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Pallotti F, Bergamini C, Lamperti C, Fato R. The Roles of Coenzyme Q in Disease: Direct and Indirect Involvement in Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:128. [PMID: 35008564 PMCID: PMC8745647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the respiratory chain of all eukaryotic cells. Its function is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, where it acts as an electron transporter. However, the cellular functions of coenzyme Q are multiple: it is present in all cell membranes, limiting the toxic effect of free radicals, it is a component of LDL, it is involved in the aging process, and its deficiency is linked to several diseases. Recently, it has been proposed that coenzyme Q contributes to suppressing ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. In this review, we report the latest hypotheses and theories analyzing the multiple functions of coenzyme Q. The complete knowledge of the various cellular CoQ functions is essential to provide a rational basis for its possible therapeutic use, not only in diseases characterized by primary CoQ deficiency, but also in large number of diseases in which its secondary deficiency has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pallotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- SSD Laboratorio Analisi-SMEL Specializzato in Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Settelaghi-Ospedale di Circolo-Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- UO Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Romana Fato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111785. [PMID: 34829656 PMCID: PMC8615162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at transcription and translation, but also by environment and energy requirements. Here, we review how coenzyme Q reacts within mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis and also integrates a plethora of metabolic pathways and regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is also located in all cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins in which it exerts antioxidant function, and its reaction with different extramitochondrial oxidoreductases contributes to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis and cytosolic oxidative stress, providing a key factor in controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Coenzyme Q levels can be decreased in humans by defects in the biosynthesis pathway or by mitochondrial or cytosolic dysfunctions, leading to a highly heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases included in the coenzyme Q deficiency syndrome. We also review the importance of coenzyme Q levels and its reactions involved in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders, and how the strategy of its supplementation has had benefits for combating these diseases and for physical performance in aging.
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61
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Latimer S, Keene SA, Stutts LR, Berger A, Bernert AC, Soubeyrand E, Wright J, Clarke CF, Block AK, Colquhoun TA, Elowsky C, Christensen A, Wilson MA, Basset GJ. A dedicated flavin-dependent monooxygenase catalyzes the hydroxylation of demethoxyubiquinone into ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101283. [PMID: 34626646 PMCID: PMC8559556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) is a vital respiratory cofactor and liposoluble antioxidant. In plants, it is not known how the C-6 hydroxylation of demethoxyubiquinone, the penultimate step in ubiquinone biosynthesis, is catalyzed. The combination of cross-species gene network modeling along with mining of embryo-defective mutant databases of Arabidopsis thaliana identified the embryo lethal locus EMB2421 (At1g24340) as a top candidate for the missing plant demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase. In marked contrast with prototypical eukaryotic demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylases, the catalytic mechanism of which depends on a carboxylate-bridged di-iron domain, At1g24340 is homologous to FAD-dependent oxidoreductases that instead use NAD(P)H as an electron donor. Complementation assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli demonstrated that At1g24340 encodes a functional demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase and that the enzyme displays strict specificity for the C-6 position of the benzoquinone ring. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy also showed that GFP-tagged At1g24340 is targeted to mitochondria. Silencing of At1g24340 resulted in 40 to 74% decrease in ubiquinone content and de novo ubiquinone biosynthesis. Consistent with the role of At1g24340 as a benzenoid ring modification enzyme, this metabolic blockage could not be bypassed by supplementation with 4-hydroxybenzoate, the immediate precursor of ubiquinone's ring. Unlike in yeast, in Arabidopsis overexpression of demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase did not boost ubiquinone content. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that plant demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase is most closely related to prokaryotic monooxygenases that act on halogenated aromatics and likely descends from an event of horizontal gene transfer between a green alga and a bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Latimer
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Shea A Keene
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren R Stutts
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Antoine Berger
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ann C Bernert
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Soubeyrand
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Janet Wright
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna K Block
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Chemistry Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas A Colquhoun
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Elowsky
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alan Christensen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gilles J Basset
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Rahmanifard M, Vessal M, Noorafshan A, Karbalay-Doust S, Naseh M. The Protective Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and Lisinopril Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats: A Stereological and Electrocardiogram Study. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:936-946. [PMID: 34339022 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is used as an anticancer drug despite its several side effects, especially its irreversible impacts on cardiotoxicity. Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) as a powerful antioxidant and lisinopril (LIS) as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor seem to provide protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the cardioprotective effects of Q10 and LIS against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into the control, LIS, Q10, DOX, DOX + LIS, and DOX + Q10 groups. On day 21, ECG was recorded and the right ventricle was dissected for evaluation of catalase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Additionally, the left ventricle and the sinoatrial (SA) node were dissected to assess the stereological parameters. The results of ECG indicated bradycardia and increase in QRS duration and QT interval in the DOX group compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the total volumes of the left ventricle, myocytes, and microvessels and the number of cardiomyocyte nuclei decreased, whereas the total volume of the connective tissue and the mean volume of cardiomyocytes increased in the DOX group. On the other hand, the SA node and the connective tissue were enlarged, while the volume of the SA node nuclei was reduced in the DOX group. Besides, catalase activity was lower and MDA concentration was higher in the DOX-treated group. Q10 could recover most stereological parameters, catalase activity, and MDA concentration. LIS also prevented some stereological parameters and ECG changes and improved catalase activity and MDA concentration in the DOX group. The findings suggested that Q10 and LIS exerted cardioprotective effects against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmanifard
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Vessal
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., 71348-45794, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Karbalay-Doust
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., 71348-45794, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Naseh
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., 71348-45794, Shiraz, Iran.
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Primary coenzyme Q10 nephropathy, a potentially treatable form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3515-3527. [PMID: 33479824 PMCID: PMC8295399 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a genetically heterogeneous kidney disease that is the second most frequent cause of kidney failure in the first 2 decades of life. Despite the identification of mutations in more than 39 genes as causing SRNS, and the localization of its pathogenesis to glomerular podocytes, the disease mechanisms of SRNS remain poorly understood and no universally safe and effective therapy exists to treat patients with this condition. Recently, genetic research has identified a subgroup of SRNS patients whose kidney pathology is caused by primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency due to recessive mutations in genes that encode proteins in the CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway. Clinical and preclinical studies show that primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with CoQ10 supplements bypassing the biosynthesis defects. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, where it transports electrons from complexes I and II to complex III. Studies in yeast and mammalian model systems have recently identified the molecular functions of the individual CoQ10 biosynthesis complex proteins, validated these findings, and provided an impetus for developing therapeutic compounds to replenish CoQ10 levels in the tissues/organs and thus prevent the destruction of tissues due to mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiencies. In this review, we will summarize the clinical findings of the kidney pathophysiology of primary CoQ10 deficiencies and discuss recent advances in the development of therapies to counter CoQ10 deficiency in tissues.
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64
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Fratta Pasini AM, Stranieri C, Girelli D, Busti F, Cominacini L. Is Ferroptosis a Key Component of the Process Leading to Multiorgan Damage in COVID-19? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1677. [PMID: 34829548 PMCID: PMC8615234 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though COVID-19 is mostly well-known for affecting respiratory pathology, it can also result in several extrapulmonary manifestations, leading to multiorgan damage. A recent reported case of SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis with cardiogenic shock showed a signature of myocardial and kidney ferroptosis, a novel, iron-dependent programmed cell death. The term ferroptosis was coined in the last decade to describe the form of cell death induced by the small molecule erastin. As a specific inducer of ferroptosis, erastin inhibits cystine-glutamate antiporter system Xc-, blocking transportation into the cytoplasm of cystine, a precursor of glutathione (GSH) in exchange with glutamate and the consequent malfunction of GPX4. Ferroptosis is also promoted by intracellular iron overload and by the iron-dependent accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-derived lipid peroxides. Since depletion of GSH, inactivation of GPX4, altered iron metabolism, and upregulation of PUFA peroxidation by reactive oxygen species are peculiar signs of COVID-19, there is the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may trigger ferroptosis in the cells of multiple organs, thus contributing to multiorgan damage. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its possible relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection and multiorgan damage. Finally, we analyze the potential interventions that may combat ferroptosis and, therefore, reduce multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Fratta Pasini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine D, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.S.); (D.G.); (F.B.); (L.C.)
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Gómez X, Sanon S, Zambrano K, Asquel S, Bassantes M, Morales JE, Otáñez G, Pomaquero C, Villarroel S, Zurita A, Calvache C, Celi K, Contreras T, Corrales D, Naciph MB, Peña J, Caicedo A. Key points for the development of antioxidant cocktails to prevent cellular stress and damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during manned space missions. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 34556658 PMCID: PMC8460669 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity and ionizing radiation during spaceflight missions causes excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that contributes to cellular stress and damage in astronauts. Average spaceflight mission time is expected to lengthen as humanity aims to visit other planets. However, longer missions or spaceflights will undoubtedly lead to an increment in microgravity, ionizing radiation and ROS production. Strategies to minimize ROS damage are necessary to maintain the health of astronauts, future space colonists, and tourists during and after spaceflight missions. An antioxidant cocktail formulated to prevent or mitigate ROS damage during space exploration could help maintain the health of space explorers. We propose key points to consider when developing an antioxidant cocktail. We discuss how ROS damages our body and organs, the genetic predisposition of astronauts to its damage, characteristics and evidence of the effectiveness of antioxidants to combat excess ROS, differences in drug metabolism when on Earth and in space that could modify antioxidant effects, and the characteristics and efficacy of common antioxidants. Based on this information we propose a workflow for assessing astronaut resistance to ROS damage, infight monitoring of ROS production, and an antioxidant cocktail. Developing an antioxidant cocktail represents a big challenge to translate current medical practices from an Earth setting to space. The key points presented in this review could promote the development of different antioxidant formulations to maintain space explorers' health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gómez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Samira Asquel
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mariuxi Bassantes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Julián E Morales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Otáñez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Core Pomaquero
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sarah Villarroel
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Zurita
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Calvache
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kathlyn Celi
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Terry Contreras
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dylan Corrales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Belén Naciph
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Peña
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador.
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador.
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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66
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Ferroptosis Meets Cell-Cell Contacts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092462. [PMID: 34572111 PMCID: PMC8471828 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron dependency and increased lipid peroxidation. Initially assumed to be selectively induced in tumour cells, there is increasing evidence that ferroptosis plays an important role in pathophysiology and numerous cell types and tissues. Deregulated ferroptosis has been linked to human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Along these lines, ferroptosis is a promising pathway to overcoming therapy resistance of cancer cells. It is therefore of utmost importance to understand the cellular signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis regulation, including context-specific effects mediated by the neighbouring cells through cell–cell contacts. Here, we give an overview on the molecular events and machinery linked to ferroptosis induction and commitment. We further summarize and discuss current knowledge about the role of cell–cell contacts, which differ in ferroptosis regulation between normal somatic cells and cancer cells. We present emerging concepts on the underlying mechanisms, address open questions, and discuss the possible impact of cell–cell contacts on exploiting ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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67
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Ammar IMM, Abdou AM. Effect of Ubiquinol supplementation on ovulation induction in Clomiphene Citrate resistance. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-021-00070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clomiphene Citrate is considered the gold-standard for induction of ovulation and has been used for several years to treat PCOS related infertility. Unfortunately, 15-40% of women with PCOS are resistant to Clomiphene Citrate. The study aimed to evaluate potential benefits of adding the active form of Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) to Clomiphene Citrate compared with Human Menopausal Gonadotropins (hMG) in Clomiphene Citrate resistant PCOS patients. 148 PCOS Patients with Clomiphene Citrate resistance were randomized into two groups (A and B). In group A, controlled ovarian stimulation was done by Clomiphene Citrate 150 mg daily (from 2nd till 6th day of cycle) together with Ubiquinol starting from 2nd day till day of hCG triggering in a dose of 100 mg orally once daily. In group B, hMG was given from 2nd day of the cycle in a dose ranging from 75 to 225 IU. Serial transvaginal ultrasonography was done starting on cycle day 8 and continued till size of leading follicle reaches 18 mm or more then ovulation triggering was done. Thereafter, patients were advised for a timed intercourse (TI) after 36 hours. A blood sample was withdrawn seven days after hCG triggering, for measurement of serum progesterone. If the Patient presented with a missed period for one week, a serum sample was sent for β-hCG.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between studied groups regarding; number of cases reaching mature follicular size, number of stimulated cycles, endometrial thickness on the day of hCG triggering, mid-luteal serum progesterone, positive serum pregnancy test and clinical pregnancy rate.
Conclusions
Addition of Ubiquinol to Clomiphene Citrate improved ovarian responsiveness in Clomiphene Citrate resistant patients with results comparable to conventional hMG stimulation protocol.
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68
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The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Atrial Fibrillation: Translation to Druggable Target and Biomarker Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168463. [PMID: 34445167 PMCID: PMC8395135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent and progressive cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with serious complications such as heart failure and ischemic stroke. Current treatment modalities attenuate AF symptoms and are only moderately effective in halting the arrhythmia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to dissect molecular mechanisms that drive AF. As AF is characterized by a rapid atrial activation rate, which requires a high energy metabolism, a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in AF pathophysiology is plausible. It is well known that mitochondria play a central role in cardiomyocyte function, as they produce energy to support the mechanical and electrical function of the heart. Details on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction are increasingly being uncovered as a contributing factor in the loss of cardiomyocyte function and AF. Considering the high prevalence of AF, investigating the role of mitochondrial impairment in AF may guide the path towards new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. In this review, the latest evidence on the role of mitochondria dysfunction in AF is presented. We highlight the key modulators of mitochondrial dysfunction that drive AF and discuss whether they represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions and diagnostics in clinical AF.
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69
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UbiB proteins regulate cellular CoQ distribution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4769. [PMID: 34362905 PMCID: PMC8346625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) serves as a key membrane-embedded antioxidant throughout the cell. However, how CoQ is mobilized from its site of synthesis on the inner mitochondrial membrane to other sites of action remains a longstanding mystery. Here, using a combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, biochemical fractionation, and lipid profiling, we identify two highly conserved but poorly characterized mitochondrial proteins, Ypl109c (Cqd1) and Ylr253w (Cqd2), that reciprocally affect this process. Loss of Cqd1 skews cellular CoQ distribution away from mitochondria, resulting in markedly enhanced resistance to oxidative stress caused by exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas loss of Cqd2 promotes the opposite effects. The activities of both proteins rely on their atypical kinase/ATPase domains, which they share with Coq8-an essential auxiliary protein for CoQ biosynthesis. Overall, our results reveal protein machinery central to CoQ trafficking in yeast and lend insights into the broader interplay between mitochondria and the rest of the cell.
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70
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Ghionzoli N, Gentile F, Del Franco AM, Castiglione V, Aimo A, Giannoni A, Burchielli S, Cameli M, Emdin M, Vergaro G. Current and emerging drug targets in heart failure treatment. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1119-1136. [PMID: 34273070 PMCID: PMC9197912 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After initial strategies targeting inotropism and congestion, the neurohormonal interpretative model of heart failure (HF) pathophysiology has set the basis for current pharmacological management of HF, as most of guideline recommended drug classes, including beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, blunt the activation of detrimental neurohormonal axes, namely sympathetic and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) systems. More recently, sacubitril/valsartan, a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, combining inhibition of RAAS and potentiation of the counter-regulatory natriuretic peptide system, has been consistently demonstrated to reduce mortality and HF-related hospitalization. A number of novel pharmacological approaches have been tested during the latest years, leading to mixed results. Among them, drugs acting directly at a second messenger level, such as the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator vericiguat, or other addressing myocardial energetics and mitochondrial function, such as elamipretide or omecamtiv-mecarbil, will likely change the therapeutic management of patients with HF. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, initially designed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been recently demonstrated to improve outcome in HF, although mechanisms of their action on cardiovascular system are yet to be elucidated. Most of these emerging approaches have shifted the therapeutic target from neurohormonal systems to the heart, by improving cardiac contractility, metabolism, fibrosis, inflammation, and remodeling. In the present paper, we review from a pathophysiological perspective current and novel therapeutic strategies in chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ghionzoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Del Franco
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Giannoni
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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Dallner G, Bentinger M, Hussain S, Sinha I, Yang J, Schwank-Xu C, Zheng X, Swiezewska E, Brismar K, Valladolid-Acebes I, Tekle M. Dehydro-Tocotrienol-β Counteracts Oxidative-Stress-Induced Diabetes Complications in db/db Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071070. [PMID: 34356303 PMCID: PMC8301068 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and adiposity are the main factors that cause inflammation in type 2 diabetes due to excessive ROS production, leading to late complications. To counteract the effects of increased free radical production, we searched for a compound with effective antioxidant properties that can induce coenzyme Q biosynthesis without affecting normal cellular functions. Tocotrienols are members of the vitamin E family, well-known as efficient antioxidants that are more effective than tocopherols. Deh-T3β is a modified form of the naturally occurring tocotrienol-β. The synthesis of this compound involves the sequential modification of geranylgeraniol. In this study, we investigated the effects of this compound in different experimental models of diabetes complications. Deh-T3β was found to possess multifaceted capacities. In addition to enhanced wound healing, deh-T3β improved kidney and liver functions, reduced liver steatosis, and improved heart recovery after ischemia and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue in a mice model of type 2 diabetes. Deh-T3β exerts these positive effects in several organs of the diabetic mice without reducing the non-fasting blood glucose levels, suggesting that both its antioxidant properties and improvement in mitochondrial function are involved, which are central to reducing diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Dallner
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.D.); (M.B.); (C.S.-X.); (X.Z.); (K.B.); (I.V.-A.)
| | - Magnus Bentinger
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.D.); (M.B.); (C.S.-X.); (X.Z.); (K.B.); (I.V.-A.)
| | - Shafaat Hussain
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Jiangning Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Cheng Schwank-Xu
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.D.); (M.B.); (C.S.-X.); (X.Z.); (K.B.); (I.V.-A.)
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.D.); (M.B.); (C.S.-X.); (X.Z.); (K.B.); (I.V.-A.)
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.D.); (M.B.); (C.S.-X.); (X.Z.); (K.B.); (I.V.-A.)
| | - Ismael Valladolid-Acebes
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.D.); (M.B.); (C.S.-X.); (X.Z.); (K.B.); (I.V.-A.)
| | - Michael Tekle
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.D.); (M.B.); (C.S.-X.); (X.Z.); (K.B.); (I.V.-A.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Timóteo-Ferreira F, Abreu D, Mendes S, Matos L, Rodrigues A, Almeida H, Silva E. Redox imbalance in age-related ovarian dysfunction and perspectives for its prevention. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101345. [PMID: 33894395 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The age at which women have their first child is increasing. This change represents a major health problem to society because advanced maternal age is related with a decay in fertility and an increase in the incidence of a variety of pregnancy complications and offspring health issues. The ovary stands as the main contributor for female reproductive ageing because of the progressive age-related decrease in follicle number and oocyte quality. Loss of redox homeostasis and establishment of an ovarian oxidative microenvironment are seen as major underlying causes for such downfall and impairment of ovarian function. Thus, the use of antioxidants to preserve fertility became an important field of research. In this review, new insights on mechanisms underlying the establishment of oxidative stress and its repercussions on ovarian ageing are addressed, along with the current state of knowledge on antioxidant supplementation and its contribution for healthy ageing and extension of ovarian lifespan.
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Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Couto SMF, da Fonseca CD, Watanabe M, de Fátima Fernandes Vattimo M. Protection of coenzyme Q10 against contrast-induced acute kidney injury in male diabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:69. [PMID: 34134745 PMCID: PMC8207798 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). DM and CI-AKI result in oxidative damage and inflammation that can be reduced when treated with the coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ10). The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of CoQ10 in renal function, renal hemodynamics, oxidative profile and renal histology in diabetic rats subjected to CI-AKI. METHODS Wistar rats, male, randomized into five groups: citrate: control animals received citrate buffer (streptozotocin vehicle, 0.4 mL); Tween: control animals of CoQ10 treatment received 1% Tween 80 (CoQ10 vehicle, 0.5 mL); DM: animals that received streptozotocin (60 mg/kg); DM + IC: DM animals treated with iodinated contrast (IC, 6 mL/kg); DM + IC + CoQ10: DM animals treated with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg) and that received IC (6 mL/kg). The protocols lasted 4 weeks. An evaluation was made to measure renal function, inulin clearance and serum creatinine, renal hemodynamics by renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR), markers of oxidative stress such as urinary peroxides and nitrate, lipid peroxidation, thiols in renal tissue and renal histological analysis. RESULTS DM animals showed reduced renal function, which was followed by an increase inserum creatinine and significant reduction of inulin clearance and RBF. It was noticed an increase in RVR and redox imbalance with higher urinary peroxides and nitrate lipid peroxidation levels with depletion of thiols in renal tissue. IC treatment exacerbated these changes in DM + IC. CoQ10 administration ameliorated renal function, prevented hemodynamic changes and neutralized oxidative damage and progression of the histologic damage in the DM + IC + CoQ10 group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the renoprotection properties of CoQ10 in an experimental model of risk factor of DM for CI-AKI. CoQ10 presented an antioxidant effect on the CI-AKI in male diabetic rats by improving renal function and renal hemodynamics, preserving morphology and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Marques Fernandes Couto
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP), Avenida Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Cassiane Dezoti da Fonseca
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP), Avenida Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Watanabe
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP), Avenida Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
- Ciências da Saúde e Bem Estar (CISBEM), Centro Universitário das Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Fernandes Vattimo
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP), Avenida Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
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El-Zaafarany GM, Abdel-Aziz RTA, Montaser MHA, Nasr M. Coenzyme Q10 phospholipidic vesicular formulations for treatment of androgenic alopecia: ex vivo permeation and clinical appraisal. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1513-1522. [PMID: 34047661 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1936497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant molecule with anti-aging activity on human hair, and because of its pharmaceutical limitations such as large molecular weight, high lipophilicity and poor water solubility, its therapeutic effectiveness has been hampered. Therefore, different vesicular nanocarriers were developed in the current work, for enhancement of the skin penetration of CoQ10 for treatment of androgenic alopecia. AREAS COVERED In order to overcome the poor skin penetration of CoQ10, it was formulated in liposomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, cerosomes and transethosomes using the thin-film hydration method. Results revealed that transethosomes were the carrier of choice for CoQ10, in which it displayed a particle size of 146 nm, zeta potential -55 mV and entrapment efficiency of 97.63%. Transethosomes also achieved the highest deposition percentage for CoQ10, exceeding 95% in the different skin layers. Upon clinical examination in patients suffering from androgenic alopecia, CoQ10 transethosomes displayed better clinical response than the administration of CoQ10 solution, which was further confirmed by dermoscopic examination. EXPERT OPINION Findings of this study further prove that loading antioxidants such as CoQ10 in nanocarriers maximizes their therapeutic efficiency, and opens many opportunities for their application in treatment of several other topical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M El-Zaafarany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha T A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al Minya, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tan Q, Fang Y, Gu Q. Mechanisms of Modulation of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Central Nervous System Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657033. [PMID: 34149412 PMCID: PMC8213017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death characterized by intracellular iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxide and primarily associated with iron metabolism, glutathione-dependent pathway, and coenzyme Q10-dependent pathway. Recent studies demonstrate that ferroptosis is associated with central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. This review summarizes the key regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in CNS diseases. These updates may provide novel perspective for the development of therapeutical agents against CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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77
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Effects of Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Untrained Leisure Horses Subjected to Acute Moderate Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060908. [PMID: 34205129 PMCID: PMC8227526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of antioxidant supplements on exercise-induced oxidative stress have not been investigated in untrained leisure horses. We investigated the effects of 14-day supplementation with vitamin E (1.8 IU/kg/day), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; ubiquinone; 800 mg/day), and a combination of both (the same doses as in mono-supplementation) on the blood levels of CoQ10, vitamin E, and oxidative stress parameters in untrained leisure horses subjected to acute moderate exercise. Correlations between lipid peroxidation and muscle enzyme leakage were also determined. Forty client-owned horses were included in the study, with 10 horses in each of the antioxidant and placebo (paraffin oil) groups. Blood parameters were measured before supplementation, before and immediately after exercise, and after 24 h of rest. The differences in individual parameters between blood collection times and groups were analysed with linear mixed models (p ˂ 0.05). None of the supplemented antioxidants affected vitamin E and CoQ10 concentrations, oxidative stress parameters, or serum muscle enzymes. Lipid peroxidation occurred in horses supplemented with placebo and CoQ10 but not in horses supplemented with vitamin E or the combination of both antioxidants. These results suggest that vitamin E alone or in combination with CoQ10 prevented lipid peroxidation in untrained leisure horses subjected to acute moderate exercise.
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78
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Huang HM, Wu CW, Chen IC, Lee YC, Huang YS, Hung CY, Wu KLH. Maternal high-fructose diet induced early-onset retinopathy via the suppression of synaptic plasticity mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1173-E1182. [PMID: 33969706 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness, and there is currently no cure. Earlier identification of the progression of retinopathy could provide a better chance for intervention. Diet has profound effects on retinal function. A maternal high-fructose diet (HFD) triggers diseases in multiple organs. However, whether maternal HFD impairs retinal function in adult offspring is currently unknown. By using the rodent model of maternal HFD during pregnancy and lactation, our data indicated a reduced b-wave of electroretinography (ERG) in HFD female offspring at 3 mo of age compared with age-matched offspring of dams fed regular chow (ND). Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses indicated that the distributions and expressions of synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and phospho(p)-Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) were significantly suppressed in the HFD group. Furthermore, the ATP content and the mitochondrial respiratory protein, Mt CPX 4-2, were decreased. Moreover, the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the retina of the HFD group were downregulated. Treatment with coenzyme Q10 (Q10), a key mediator of the electron transport chain, effectively reversed these abovementioned dysfunctions. Together, these results suggested that maternal HFD impaired retinal function in adult female offspring. The mechanism underlying early-onset retinopathy may involve the reduction in the capacity of mitochondrial energy production and the suppression of synaptic plasticity. Most importantly, mitochondria could be a feasible target to reprogram maternal HFD-damaged retinal function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we provide novel evidence that maternal high-fructose diet during gestation and lactation could induce early-onset retinopathy in adult female offspring. Of note, the insufficient energy content, downregulated mitochondrial respiratory complex 4-2, and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis might contribute to the decrease of synaptic plasticity resulting in retinal function suppression. Oral application with coenzyme Q10 for 4 wk could at least partially reverse the aforementioned molecular events and retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Republic of China
| | - Yao-Sheng Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Republic of China
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Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Soubeyrand E, Latimer S, Bernert AC, Keene SA, Johnson TS, Shin D, Block AK, Colquhoun TA, Schäffner AR, Kim J, Basset GJ. 3-O-glycosylation of kaempferol restricts the supply of the benzenoid precursor of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112738. [PMID: 33756238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) is a vital respiratory cofactor and antioxidant in eukaryotes. The recent discovery that kaempferol serves as a precursor for ubiquinone's benzenoid moiety both challenges the conventional view of flavonoids as specialized metabolites, and offers new prospects for engineering ubiquinone in plants. Here, we present evidence that Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase (ugt78d1) and kaempferol 3-O-glucosyltransferase (ugt78d2) activities display increased de novo biosynthesis of ubiquinone and increased ubiquinone content. These data are congruent with the proposed model that unprotected C-3 hydroxyl of kaempferol triggers the oxidative release of its B-ring as 4-hydroxybenzoate, which in turn is incorporated into ubiquinone. Ubiquinone content in the ugt78d1/ugt78d2 double knockout represented 160% of wild-type level, matching that achieved via exogenous feeding of 4-hydroxybenzoate to wild-type plants. This suggests that 4-hydroxybenzoate is no longer limiting ubiquinone biosynthesis in the ugt78d1/ugt78d2 plants. Evidence is also shown that the glucosylation of 4-hydroxybenzoate as well as the conversion of the immediate precursor of kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol, into dihydroquercetin do not compete with ubiquinone biosynthesis in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Soubeyrand
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Scott Latimer
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ann C Bernert
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shea A Keene
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Timothy S Johnson
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Doosan Shin
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Anna K Block
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Thomas A Colquhoun
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Plant Innovation Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeongim Kim
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gilles J Basset
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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L-Carnosine Stimulation of Coenzyme Q10 Biosynthesis Promotes Improved Mitochondrial Function and Decreases Hepatic Steatosis in Diabetic Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050793. [PMID: 34067694 PMCID: PMC8156016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes leads to oxidative stress, which drives disease progression and diabetes complications. L-carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, improves metabolic control, wound healing and kidney function in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, possesses similar protective effects on diabetes complications. We aimed to study the effect of carnosine on CoQ, and assess any synergistic effects of carnosine and CoQ on improved mitochondrial function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Carnosine enhanced CoQ gene expression and increased hepatic CoQ biosynthesis in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model. Co-administration of Carnosine and CoQ improved mitochondrial function, lowered ROS formation and reduced signs of oxidative stress. Our work suggests that carnosine exerts beneficial effects on hepatic CoQ synthesis and when combined with CoQ, improves mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance in the liver of diabetic mice. (4) Conclusions: L-carnosine has beneficial effects on oxidative stress both alone and in combination with CoQ on hepatic mitochondrial function in an obese type 2 diabetes mouse model.
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Testai L, Martelli A, Flori L, Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Coenzyme Q 10: Clinical Applications beyond Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:1697. [PMID: 34067632 PMCID: PMC8156424 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential cofactor in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), present in mitochondria and cell membranes in reduced and oxidized forms. Acting as an energy transfer molecule, it occurs in particularly high levels in the liver, heart, and kidneys. CoQ10 is also an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent able to prevent the damage induced by free radicals and the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. In this context, several studies have shown the possible inverse correlation between the blood levels of CoQ10 and some disease conditions. Interestingly, beyond cardiovascular diseases, CoQ10 is involved also in neuronal and muscular degenerative diseases, in migraine and in cancer; therefore, the supplementation with CoQ10 could represent a viable option to prevent these and in some cases might be used as an adjuvant to conventional treatments. This review is aimed to summarize the clinical applications regarding the use of CoQ10 in migraine, neurodegenerative diseases (including Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases), cancer, or degenerative muscle disorders (such as multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome), analyzing its effect on patients' health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.F.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre ‘‘Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)’’, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.F.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre ‘‘Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)’’, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
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83
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Krizova J, Hulkova M, Capek V, Mlejnek P, Silhavy J, Tesarova M, Zeman J, Hansikova H. Microarray and qPCR Analysis of Mitochondrial Metabolism Activation during Prenatal and Early Postnatal Development in Rats and Humans with Emphasis on CoQ 10 Biosynthesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:418. [PMID: 34066731 PMCID: PMC8150536 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
At the end of the mammalian intra-uterine foetal development, a rapid switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism must proceed. Using microarray techniques, qPCR, enzyme activities and coenzyme Q content measurements, we describe perinatal mitochondrial metabolism acceleration in rat liver and skeletal muscle during the perinatal period and correlate the results with those in humans. Out of 1546 mitochondrial genes, we found significant changes in expression in 1119 and 827 genes in rat liver and skeletal muscle, respectively. The most remarkable expression shift occurred in the rat liver at least two days before birth. Coenzyme Q-based evaluation in both the rat model and human tissues showed the same trend: the total CoQ content is low prenatally, significantly increasing after birth in both the liver and skeletal muscle. We propose that an important regulator of rat coenzyme Q biosynthesis might be COQ8A, an atypical kinase involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q. Our microarray data, a total of 16,557 RefSeq (Entrez) genes, have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus and are freely available to the broad scientific community. Our microarray data could serve as a suitable background for finding key factors regulating mitochondrial metabolism and the preparation of the foetus for the transition to extra-uterine conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krizova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (V.C.); (M.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Martina Hulkova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (V.C.); (M.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Vaclav Capek
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (V.C.); (M.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Department of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Silhavy
- Department of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Marketa Tesarova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (V.C.); (M.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (V.C.); (M.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (V.C.); (M.T.); (J.Z.)
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84
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Zhao L, Peng Y, He S, Li R, Wang Z, Huang J, Lei X, Li G, Ma Q. Apatinib induced ferroptosis by lipid peroxidation in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:642-654. [PMID: 33544270 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apatinib, a competitive inhibitor of VEGFR2, has anti-angiogenesis and anticancer activities through different mechanisms, but it still cannot fully explain the drug efficacy of apatinib. Ferroptosis, associated with lethal lipid peroxidation, has emerged to play an important role in cancer biology, however, the exact role of ferroptosis in apatinib-mediating anticancer treatment are still not clear. METHODS The effects of (1S, 3R)-RSL3 and apatinib were evaluated in different GC cell lines and in normal human gastric epithelial cells. Further, the effects of apatinib and inhibition of antioxidant defense enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) on cell viability, cell death, glutathione (GSH) levels, lipid ROS production, cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and protein expression were evaluated in vitro as well as in a mouse tumor xenograft model. The expression level of GPX4 in GC tissues and paracancerous tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS (1S, 3R)-RSL3 selectively killed GC cells, but not normal cells. Apatinib induced ferroptosis in GC cells by decreasing cellular GSH levels and increasing lipid peroxidation levels. This effect was blocked by co-incubation with ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, GSH, or vitamin E. Further investigation revealed that apatinib down-regulated GPX4 expression via inhibition of the transcription factors Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1a (SREBP-1a). Besides, we found that multi-drug resistant GC cells were vulnerable to apatinib-induced GPX4 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that apatinib could induce the lipid peroxidation through GPX4 mediated by SREBP-1a, then negatively regulate the GC cell, even the multi-drug-resistant GC cell, ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanmei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sixiao He
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuetao Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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85
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Alcázar-Fabra M, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Trevisson E, Brea-Calvo G. Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies: A literature review and online platform of clinical features to uncover genotype-phenotype correlations. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:141-180. [PMID: 33677064 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiencies are clinically heterogeneous conditions and lack clear genotype-phenotype correlations, complicating diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Here we present a compilation of all the symptoms and patients with primary CoQ deficiency described in the literature so far and analyse the most common clinical manifestations associated with pathogenic variants identified in the different COQ genes. In addition, we identified new associations between the age of onset of symptoms and different pathogenic variants, which could help to a better diagnosis and guided treatment. To make these results useable for clinicians, we created an online platform (https://coenzymeQbiology.github.io/clinic-CoQ-deficiency) about clinical manifestations of primary CoQ deficiency that will be periodically updated to incorporate new information published in the literature. Since CoQ primary deficiency is a rare disease, the available data are still limited, but as new patients are added over time, this tool could become a key resource for a more efficient diagnosis of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | | | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain.
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86
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Dawes IW, Perrone GG. Stress and ageing in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5670642. [PMID: 31816015 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has long been speculation about the role of various stresses in ageing. Some stresses have beneficial effects on ageing-dependent on duration and severity of the stress, others have negative effects and the question arises whether these negative effects are causative of ageing or the result of the ageing process. Cellular responses to many stresses are highly coordinated in a concerted way and hence there is a great deal of cross-talk between different stresses. Here the relevant aspects of the coordination of stress responses and the roles of different stresses on yeast cell ageing are discussed, together with the various functions that are involved. The cellular processes that are involved in alleviating the effects of stress on ageing are considered, together with the possible role of early stress events on subsequent ageing of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Dawes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gabriel G Perrone
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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87
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Smolyaninov IV, Fukin GK, Berberova NT, Poddel’sky AI. Triphenylantimony(V) Catecholates of the Type (3-RS-4,6-DBCat)SbPh 3-Catechol Thioether Derivatives: Structure, Electrochemical Properties, and Antiradical Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:2171. [PMID: 33918799 PMCID: PMC8069174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of triphenylantimony(V) 3-alkylthio/arylthio-substituted 4,6-di-tert-butylcatecholates of the type (3-RS-4,6-DBCat)SbPh3, where R = n-butyl (1), n-hexyl (2), n-octyl (3), cyclopentyl (4), cyclohexyl (5), benzyl (6), phenyl (7), and naphthyl-2 (8), were synthesized from the corresponding catechol thioethers and Ph3SbBr2 in the presence of a base. The crystal structures of 1, 2, 3, and 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The coordination polyhedron of 1-3 is better described as a tetragonal pyramid with a different degree of distortion, while that for 5- was a distorted trigonal bipyramid (τ = 0.014, 0.177, 0.26, 0.56, respectively). Complexes demonstrated different crystal packing of molecules. The electrochemical oxidation of the complexes involved the catecholate group as well as the thioether linker. The introduction of a thioether fragment into the aromatic ring of catechol ligand led to a shift in the potential of the "catechol/o-semiquinone" redox transition to the anodic region, which indicated the electron-withdrawing nature of the RS group. The radical scavenging activity of the complexes was determined in the reaction with DPPH radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smolyaninov
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (I.V.S.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda T. Berberova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (I.V.S.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Andrey I. Poddel’sky
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
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88
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Baschiera E, Sorrentino U, Calderan C, Desbats MA, Salviati L. The multiple roles of coenzyme Q in cellular homeostasis and their relevance for the pathogenesis of coenzyme Q deficiency. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:277-286. [PMID: 33667628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox active lipid that plays a central role in cellular homeostasis. It was discovered more than 60 years ago because of its role as electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Since then it has become evident that CoQ has many other functions, not directly related to bioenergetics. It is a cofactor of several mitochondrial dehydrogenases involved in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides, and in sulfide detoxification. It is a powerful antioxidant and it is involved in the control of programmed cell death by modulating both apoptosis and ferroptosis. CoQ deficiency is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the impairment of CoQ biosynthesis. CoQ deficient patients display defects in cellular bioenergetics, but also in the other pathways in which CoQ is involved. In this review we will focus on the functions of CoQ not directly related to the respiratory chain, and on how their impairment is relevant for the pathophysiology of CoQ deficiency. A better understanding of the complex set of events triggered by CoQ deficiency will allow to design novel approaches for the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Baschiera
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Calderan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.
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89
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Lançoni R, Celeghini ECC, Giuli VD, de Carvalho CPT, Zoca GB, Garcia-Oliveros LN, Batissaco L, Oliveira LZ, de Arruda RP. Coenzyme Q-10 improves preservation of mitochondrial functionality and actin structure of cryopreserved stallion sperm. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20200218. [PMID: 33936294 PMCID: PMC8078863 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ-10) is a cofactor for mitochondrial electron transport chain and may be an alternative to improve sperm quality of cryopreserved equine semen. This work aimed to improve stallion semen quality after freezing by adding CoQ-10 to the cryopreservation protocol. Seven saddle stallions were utilized. Each animal was submitted to five semen collections and freezing procedures. For cryopreservation, each ejaculate was divided in three treatments: 1) Botucrio® diluent (control); 2) 50 μmol CoQ-10 added to Botucrio® diluent; 3) 1 mmol CoQ-10 added to Botucrio® diluent. Semen batches were analyzed for sperm motility characteristics (CASA), plasma and acrosomal membranes integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (by fluorescence probes propidium iodide, Hoechst 33342, FITC-PSA and JC-1, respectively), alterations in cytoskeletal actin (phalloidin-FITC) and mitochondrial function (diaminobenzidine; DAB). The 1 mmol CoQ-10 treatment presented higher (P<0.05) amount (66.8%) of sperm cells with fully stained midpiece (indicating high mitochondrial activity) and higher (P<0.05) amount (81.6%) of cells without actin reorganization to the post-acrosomal region compared to control group (60.8% and 76.0%, respectively). It was concluded that the addition of 1 mmol CoQ-10 to the freezing diluent was more effective in preserving mitochondria functionality and cytoskeleton of sperm cells submitted to cryopreservation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lançoni
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Valdemar De Giuli
- Central Internacional de Reprodução Equina Rancho das Américas, Porto Feliz, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Batissaco
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Letícia Zoccolaro Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica Veterinária e Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Rubens Paes de Arruda
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
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90
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Druzhaeva N, Petrič AD, Tavčar-Kalcher G, Babič J, Nemec Svete A. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of the effects of coenzyme Q 10 supplementation on plasma coenzyme Q 10 concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:280-285. [PMID: 33764833 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.4.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the dose of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) needed to achieve at least a 3-fold increase in plasma CoQ10 concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). ANIMALS 18 dogs with CHF due to MMVD and 12 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES In a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial, dogs with MMVD were given 50 or 100 mg of water-soluble CoQ10 (ubiquinone; total daily dose, 100 mg [n = 5] or 200 mg [6]) or a placebo (7), PO, twice a day for 2 weeks in addition to regular cardiac treatment. Plasma CoQ10 concentration was measured in dogs with MMVD before (baseline) and at various time points after supplementation began and in healthy dogs once. Concentrations were compared among and within groups. RESULTS No significant difference in median baseline plasma CoQ10 concentration was detected between healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD. Fold increases in plasma CoQ10 concentrations ranged from 1.7 to 4.7 and 3.2 to 6.8 for individual dogs in the 100-mg and 200-mg groups, respectively. The change in plasma CoQ10 concentration after supplementation began was significantly higher than in the placebo group at 4 hours and 1 and 2 weeks for dogs in the 200-mg group and at 1 and 2 weeks for dogs in the 100-mg group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A daily CoQ10 dose of 200 mg was sufficient to achieve at least a 3-fold increase in plasma CoQ10 concentration and may be used in CoQ10 supplementation studies involving dogs with CHF due to MMVD.
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91
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Zheng F, Chen Z, Tang QL, Chong DY, Zhang TY, Gu YY, Hu ZB, Li CJ. Cholesterol metabolic enzyme Ggpps regulates epicardium development and ventricular wall architecture integrity in mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:445-454. [PMID: 33760044 PMCID: PMC8436696 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic heart development, the progenitor cells in the epicardium would migrate and differentiate into noncardiomyocytes in myocardium and affect the integrity of ventricular wall, but the underlying mechanism has not been well studied. We have found that myocardium geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (Ggpps), a metabolic enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis, is critical for cardiac cytoarchitecture remodelling during heart development. Here, we further reveal that epicardial Ggpps could also regulate ventricular wall architecture integrity. Epicardium-specific deletion of Ggpps before embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) is embryonic lethal, whereas after E13.5 is survival but with defects in the epicardium and ventricular wall structure. Ggpps deficiency in the epicardium enhances the proliferation of epicardial cells and disrupts cell‒cell contact, which makes epicardial cells easier to invade into ventricular wall. Thus, the fibroblast proliferation and coronary formation in myocardium were found enhanced that might disturb the coronary vasculature remodelling and ventricular wall integrity. These processes might be associated with the activation of YAP signalling, whose nuclear distribution is blocked by Ggpps deletion. In conclusion, our findings reveal a potential link between the cholesterol metabolism and heart epicardium and myocardium development in mammals, which might provide a new view of the cause for congenital heart diseases and potential therapeutic target in pathological cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zheng
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiao-Li Tang
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dan-Yang Chong
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tong-Yu Zhang
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ya-Yun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
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92
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Fontaine F, Legallois D, Créveuil C, Chtourou M, Coulbault L, Milliez P, Hodzic A, Saloux E, Beygui F, Allouche S. Is plasma concentration of coenzyme Q10 a predictive marker for left ventricular remodelling after revascularization for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction? Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 58:327-334. [PMID: 33622041 DOI: 10.1177/00045632211001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular remodelling that frequently occurs after acute myocardial infarction is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiovascular death. Although several risk factors have been identified, there is still no marker in clinical use to predict left ventricular remodelling. Plasma concentration of coenzyme Q10, which plays a key role in mitochondrial energy production and as an antioxidant, seems to be negatively correlated with left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE The goal of our study was to determine whether the plasma coenzyme Q10 baseline concentrations at time of the ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) could predict left ventricular remodelling at six months' follow-up. METHODS Sixty-eight patients who were admitted to hospital for STEMI and successfully revascularized with primary percutaneous coronary intervention were recruited. All patients underwent a 3D-echocardiography examination within the first four days after percutaneous coronary intervention and six months later then divided into two groups based on the presence or not of left ventricular remodelling. Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS While we found similar plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations compared with other studies, no association was evidenced between coenzyme Q10 concentrations and left ventricular remodelling (P = 0.89). CONCLUSION We found no evidence for using plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration as an early prediction marker of left ventricular remodelling after STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Fontaine
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Damien Legallois
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Christian Créveuil
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Mohamed Chtourou
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Coulbault
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Paul Milliez
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Amir Hodzic
- Department of Clinical Physiology, INSERM Comete, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Eric Saloux
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Farzin Beygui
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Allouche
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
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93
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Mero S, Salviati L, Leuzzi V, Rubegni A, Calderan C, Nardecchia F, Galatolo D, Desbats MA, Naef V, Gemignani F, Novelli M, Tessa A, Battini R, Santorelli FM, Marchese M. New pathogenic variants in COQ4 cause ataxia and neurodevelopmental disorder without detectable CoQ 10 deficiency in muscle or skin fibroblasts. J Neurol 2021; 268:3381-3389. [PMID: 33704555 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COQ4 is a component of an enzyme complex involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a molecule with primary importance in cell metabolism. Mutations in the COQ4 gene are responsible for mitochondrial diseases showing heterogeneous age at onset, clinical presentations and association with CoQ10 deficiency. We herein expand the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of COQ4-related diseases, by reporting two patients harboring bi-allelic variants but not showing CoQ10 deficiency. One patient was found to harbor compound heterozygous mutations (specifically, c.577C>T/p.Pro193Ser and the previously reported c.718C>T/p.Arg240Cys) associated with progressive spasticity, while the other harbored two novel missense (c.284G>A/p.Gly95Asp and c.305G>A/p.Arg102His) associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Both patients presented motor impairment and ataxia. To further understand the role of COQ4, we performed functional studies in patient-derived fibroblasts, yeast and "crispant" zebrafish larvae. Micro-oxygraphy showed impaired oxygen consumption rates in one patient, while yeast complementation assays showed that all the mutations were presumably disease related. Moreover, characterization of the coq4 F0 CRISPR zebrafish line showed motor defects and cell reduction in a specific area of the hindbrain, a region reminiscent of the human cerebellum. Our expanded phenotype associated with COQ4 mutations allowed us to investigate, for the first time, the role of COQ4 in brain development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mero
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Child Neurology, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Calderan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Nardecchia
- Child Neurology, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Novelli
- Child Neurology, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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94
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Marcheggiani F, Kordes S, Cirilli I, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Vogelsang A, Möller N, Blatt T, Weise JM, Damiani E, Tiano L. Anti-ageing effects of ubiquinone and ubiquinol in a senescence model of human dermal fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:282-288. [PMID: 33482334 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an endogenous lipophilic quinone found in equilibrium between its oxidised (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol) form, ubiquitous in biological membranes and endowed with antioxidant and bioenergetic properties, both crucial to the ageing process. CoQ10 biosynthesis decreases with age in different tissues including skin and its biosynthesis can be modulated by 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors such as statins. Statin-induced CoQ10 deprivation has previously been shown to be associated with the development of a senescence phenotype in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), hence this model was used to further investigate the role of CoQ10 in skin ageing. The present study aimed to compare the bioavailability of exogenously added CoQ10, in the form of ubiquinone or ubiquinol, to CoQ10-deprived HDF, and to determine their efficacy in rescuing the senescent phenotype induced by CoQ10 deprivation. First, additional senescence markers were implemented to further support the pro-ageing effect of statin-induced CoQ10 deprivation in HDF. Indeed, numerous senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers such as p21, IL-8, CXCL1, and MMP-1 were upregulated, whereas components of the extracellular matrix were downregulated (elastin, collagen type 1). Next, we showed that CoQ10 supplementation to statin-treated HDF was able to counteract CoQ10 deprivation and rescued the development of selected senescence/ageing markers in HDF. Ubiquinol resulted more bioavailable than ubiquinone at the same concentration (15 μg/mL) and it significantly improved the cellular oxidative status even within isolated mitochondria highlighting an effective subcellular delivery. Ubiquinol was also more efficient compared to ubiquinone in reverting the expression of the senescent phenotype, quantified in terms of β-galactosidase positivity, p21, collagen type 1, and elastin at the gene and protein expression levels. In conclusion, our results highlight the pivotal role of CoQ10 for skin vitality and strongly support the use of both forms as a beneficial and effective anti-ageing skin care treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy.
| | - Sebastian Kordes
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20245, Germany.
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy; School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, 62032, Italy.
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy.
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Vogelsang
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20245, Germany.
| | - Nadine Möller
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20245, Germany.
| | - Thomas Blatt
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20245, Germany.
| | - Julia M Weise
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, Hamburg, 20245, Germany.
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy.
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95
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Villalba JM, Navas P. Regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:312-323. [PMID: 33549646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is a ubiquitous and unique molecule that drives electrons in mitochondrial respiratory chain and an obligatory step for multiple metabolic pathways in aerobic metabolism. Alteration of CoQ biosynthesis or its redox stage are causing mitochondrial dysfunctions as hallmark of heterogeneous disorders as mitochondrial/metabolic, cardiovascular, and age-associated diseases. Regulation of CoQ biosynthesis pathway is demonstrated to affect all steps of proteins production of this pathway, posttranslational modifications and protein-protein-lipid interactions inside mitochondria. There is a bi-directional relationship between CoQ and the epigenome in which not only the CoQ status determines the epigenetic regulation of many genes, but CoQ biosynthesis is also a target for epigenetic regulation, which adds another layer of complexity to the many pathways by which CoQ levels are regulated by environmental and developmental signals to fulfill its functions in eukaryotic aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
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96
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Stability of Reduced and Oxidized Coenzyme Q10 in Finished Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030360. [PMID: 33673604 PMCID: PMC7997171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplements is closely associated with its content and stability in finished products. This study aimed to provide evidence-based information on the quality and stability of CoQ10 in dietary supplements and medicines. Therefore, ubiquinol, ubiquinone, and total CoQ10 contents were determined by a validated HPLC-UV method in 11 commercial products with defined or undefined CoQ10 form. Both forms were detected in almost all tested products, resulting in a total of CoQ10 content between 82% and 166% of the declared. Ubiquinol, ubiquinone, and total CoQ10 stability in these products were evaluated within three months of accelerated stability testing. Ubiquinol, which is recognized as the less stable form, was properly stabilized. Contrarily, ubiquinone degradation and/or reduction were observed during storage in almost all tested products. These reactions were also detected at ambient temperature within the products’ shelf-lives and confirmed in ubiquinone standard solutions. Ubiquinol, generated by ubiquinone reduction with vitamin C during soft-shell capsules’ storage, may lead to higher bioavailability and health outcomes. However, such conversion and inappropriate content in products, which specify ubiquinone, are unacceptable in terms of regulation. Therefore, proper CoQ10 stabilization through final formulations regardless of the used CoQ10 form is needed.
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97
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Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with small molecules in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration. GeroScience 2021; 43:517-537. [PMID: 33634362 PMCID: PMC8110620 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) including osteoarthritis (OA) and low back pain (LBP) in aging societies present significant cost burdens to health and social care systems. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, which is characterized by disc dehydration, anatomical alterations, and extensive changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, is an important contributor to LBP. IVD cell homeostasis can be disrupted by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the main source of energy supply in IVD cells and a major contributor to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, mitochondria represent a double-edged sword in IVD cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction results in oxidative stress, cell death, and premature cell senescence, which are all implicated in IVD degeneration. Considering the importance of optimal mitochondrial function for the preservation of IVD cell homeostasis, extensive studies have been done in recent years to evaluate the efficacy of small molecules targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction, aiming to highlight the role of small molecules and a selected number of biological growth factors that regulate mitochondrial function and maintain IVD cell homeostasis. Furthermore, molecules that target mitochondria and their mechanisms of action and potential for IVD regeneration are identified. Finally, we discuss mitophagy as a key mediator of many cellular events and the small molecules regulating its function.
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98
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6639199. [PMID: 33708334 PMCID: PMC7932781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6639199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released in cells are signaling molecules but can also modify signaling proteins. Red blood cells perform a major role in maintaining the balance of the redox in the blood. The main cytosolic protein of RBC is hemoglobin (Hb), which accounts for 95-97%. Most other proteins are involved in protecting the blood cell from oxidative stress. Hemoglobin is a major factor in initiating oxidative stress within the erythrocyte. RBCs can also be damaged by exogenous oxidants. Hb autoxidation leads to the generation of a superoxide radical, of which the catalyzed or spontaneous dismutation produces hydrogen peroxide. Both oxidants induce hemichrome formation, heme degradation, and release of free iron which is a catalyst for free radical reactions. To maintain the redox balance, appropriate antioxidants are present in the cytosol, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), as well as low molecular weight antioxidants: glutathione, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and others. Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress and may be associated with overproduction of ROS and/or insufficient capacity of the antioxidant system. Oxidative stress performs a key role in CKD as evidenced by the high level of markers associated with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in vivo. In addition to the overproduction of ROS, a reduced antioxidant capacity is observed, associated with a decrease in the activity of SOD, GPx, PRDX2, and low molecular weight antioxidants. In addition, hemodialysis is accompanied by oxidative stress in which low-biocompatibility dialysis membranes activate phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils and monocytes, leading to a respiratory burst. This review shows the production of ROS under normal conditions and CKD and its impact on disease progression. Oxidative damage to red blood cells (RBCs) in CKD and their contribution to cardiovascular disease are also discussed.
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99
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López-Lluch G. Coenzyme Q homeostasis in aging: Response to non-genetic interventions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:285-302. [PMID: 33454314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component for many essential metabolic and antioxidant activities in cells in mitochondria and cell membranes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and age-related diseases. Deprivation of CoQ during aging can be the cause or the consequence of this mitochondrial dysfunction. In any case, it seems clear that aging-associated CoQ deprivation accelerates mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases. Non-genetic prolongevity interventions, including CoQ dietary supplementation, can increase CoQ levels in mitochondria and cell membranes improving mitochondrial activity and delaying cell and tissue deterioration by oxidative damage. In this review, we discuss the importance of CoQ deprivation in aging and age-related diseases and the effect of prolongevity interventions on CoQ levels and synthesis and CoQ-dependent antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología Del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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100
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Vona R, Pallotta L, Cappelletti M, Severi C, Matarrese P. The Impact of Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology: Focus on Gastrointestinal Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:201. [PMID: 33573222 PMCID: PMC7910878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant systems has been extensively studied in pulmonary, neurodegenerative cardiovascular disorders; however, its contribution is still debated in gastrointestinal disorders. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress affects gastrointestinal motility in obesity, and post-infectious disorders by favoring the smooth muscle phenotypic switch toward a synthetic phenotype. The aim of this review is to gain insight into the role played by oxidative stress in gastrointestinal pathologies (GIT), and the involvement of ROS in the signaling underlying the muscular alterations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed and discussed. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying new techniques capable of assessing the presence of oxidative stress in humans, the biochemical-molecular mechanisms underlying GIT mucosal disorders are not yet well defined. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms through which oxidative stress-related signaling can contribute to the alteration of the GIT mucosa in order to devise effective preventive and curative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Pallotta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carola Severi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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