51
|
Tao T, Hu W, Yang Y, Zou M, Zhou S, Tian S, Wang Y. Transcriptomics reveals the molecular mechanisms of flesh colour differences in eggplant (Solanum melongena). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:5. [PMID: 36597026 PMCID: PMC9811765 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit flesh colour is not only an important commodity attribute of eggplant but is also closely related to maturity. However, very little is known about its formation mechanism in eggplant. RESULTS Two inbred lines of eggplant, green 'NC7' and white 'BL', were used in this study to explain the differences in flesh colour. Transcriptome sequencing results revealed a total of 3304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NC7 vs. BL. Of the DEGs obtained, 2050 were higher and 1254 were lower in BL. These DEGs were annotated to 126 pathways, where porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis-antenna proteins play vital roles in the colour formation of eggplant flesh. At the same time, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment significance analysis showed that a large number of unigenes involved in the formation of chloroplast structure were lower in BL, which indicated that the formation of chloroplasts in white-fleshed eggplant was blocked. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which found only leucoplasts but no chloroplasts in the flesh cells of white-fleshed eggplant. Several genes encoding ERF and bHLH transcription factors were predicted to participate in the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that differences in the gene expression of the chlorophyll metabolic pathway were the main cause of the different flesh colour formations. These findings will increase our understanding of the genetic basis in eggplant flesh colors formation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Min Zou
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Shibing Tian
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhang Y, Zhu J, Khan M, Wang Y, Xiao W, Fang T, Qu J, Xiao P, Li C, Liu JH. Transcription factors ABF4 and ABR1 synergistically regulate amylase-mediated starch catabolism in drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:591-609. [PMID: 36102815 PMCID: PMC9806598 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Amylase (BAM)-mediated starch degradation is a main source of soluble sugars that help plants adapt to environmental stresses. Here, we demonstrate that dehydration-induced expression of PtrBAM3 in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) functions positively in drought tolerance via modulation of starch catabolism. Two transcription factors, PtrABF4 (P. trifoliata abscisic acid-responsive element-binding factor 4) and PtrABR1 (P. trifoliata ABA repressor 1), were identified as upstream transcriptional activators of PtrBAM3 through yeast one-hybrid library screening and protein-DNA interaction assays. Both PtrABF4 and PtrABR1 played a positive role in plant drought tolerance by modulating soluble sugar accumulation derived from BAM3-mediated starch decomposition. In addition, PtrABF4 could directly regulate PtrABR1 expression by binding to its promoter, leading to a regulatory cascade to reinforce the activation of PtrBAM3. Moreover, PtrABF4 physically interacted with PtrABR1 to form a protein complex that further promoted the transcriptional regulation of PtrBAM3. Taken together, our finding reveals that a transcriptional cascade composed of ABF4 and ABR1 works synergistically to upregulate BAM3 expression and starch catabolism in response to drought condition. The results shed light on the understanding of the regulatory molecular mechanisms underlying BAM-mediated soluble sugar accumulation for rendering drought tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Madiha Khan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Fan XW, Sun JL, Cai Z, Zhang F, Li YZ, Palta JA. MeSWEET15a/b genes play a role in the resistance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to water and salt stress by modulating sugar distribution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:394-405. [PMID: 36481708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sugar transporter SWEET plays a role in plant growth, carbon allocation, and abiotic stress resistance. We examined the function of SWEET in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under water and salt stress. Bioinformatics, subcellular localization, yeast deficient complementation, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) were used to examine the function of SWEET in cassava. Twenty-eight MeSWEETs genes were found based on the conserved domain MtN3/saliva of SWEET transporters, two MeSWEET15a/b of them were identified by phylogenetic analysis, which were located on the cell membrane. They transfer sucrose, fructose, glucose, and mannitol from culture media to yeast cells, predominately transferring sucrose via bleeding fluid saps in plant. Leaf sucrose content was increased in MeSWEET15a/b-silenced cassava plants, resulting in changes in carbon distribution, with an increase in starch accumulation in the leaves and a decrease in starch accumulation in the roots. The silencing of MeSWEET15a/b genes led to tolerance to water and salt stress, consistent with a high accumulation of osmolytes, and low lipid membrane peroxidation. Changes in sugar distribution increased the expression of MeTOR and MeE2Fa in pTRV2-MeSWEET15a and pTRV2-MeSWEET15b cassava leaves. MeSWEET15a/b acts as pivotal modulators of sugar distribution and tolerance to water and high salt stress in cassava.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Jin-Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - You-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jairo A Palta
- CSIRO, Agriculture Flagship, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhu L, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Hu D, Wang Z, Hu J, Ma C, Yang L, Sun S, Li Y. Chromosomal fragment deletion in APRR2-repeated locus modulates the dark stem color in Cucurbita pepo. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4277-4288. [PMID: 36098750 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cp4.1LG15g03420 (CpDsc-1), which encodes a two-component response regulator-like protein (APRR2) in the nucleus, influences dark green stem formation in Cucurbita pepo by regulating the chlorophyll content. Stem color is an important agronomic trait in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) for robust seeding and high yield. However, the gene controlling the stem color has not been characterized. In this study, we identified a single locus accounting for the dark green stem color of C. pepo (CpDsc-1). Genetic analysis of this trait in segregated populations derived from two parental lines (line 296 with dark green stems and line 274 with light green stems) revealed that stem color was controlled by a single dominant gene (dark green vs. light green). In bulked segregant analysis, CpDsc-1 was mapped to a 2.09-Mb interval on chromosome 15. This region was further narrowed to 65.2 kb using linkage analysis of the F2 population. Sequencing analysis revealed a 14 kb deletion between Cp4.1LG15g03420 and Cp4.1LG15g03360; these two genes both encoded a two-component response regulator-like protein (APRR2). The incomplete structures of the two APRR2 genes and abnormal chloroplasts in line 274 might be the main cause of the light green phenotype. Gene expression pattern analysis showed that only Cp4.1LG15g03420 was upregulated in line 296. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Cp4.1LG15g03420 was a nuclear gene. Furthermore, a co-dominant marker, G4563 (93% accuracy rate), and a co-segregation marker, Fra3, were established in 111 diverse germplasms; both of these markers were tightly linked with the color trait. This study provided insights into chlorophyll regulation mechanisms and revealed the markers valuable for marker-assisted selection in future zucchini breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Melon Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Biology, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Melon Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenli Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Biology, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deju Hu
- International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Biology, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zanlin Wang
- International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Biology, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Biology, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Melon Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Biology, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luming Yang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Melon Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Biology, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shouru Sun
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Melon Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
- International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Biology, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yanman Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Melon Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
McAdam SAM, Kane CN, Mercado Reyes JA, Cardoso AA, Brodribb TJ. An abrupt increase in foliage ABA levels on incipient leaf death occurs across vascular plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1262-1271. [PMID: 35238139 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forest mortality during drought has been attributed to hydraulic failure, which can be challenging to measure. A limited number of alternative proxies for incipient leaf death exist. Here we investigate whether a terminal increase in abscisic acid (ABA) levels in leaves occurs across vascular land plants and is an indicator of imminent leaf death. For different species across vascular plants, we monitored ABA levels during lethal drought as well as leaf embolism resistance, across the canopy as leaves die following senescence, or when leaves are exposed to a heavy, lethal frost late in the growing season. We observed a considerable increase in foliage ABA levels once leaves showed signs of incipient leaf death. This increase in ABA levels upon incipient leaf death, could be induced by embolism during drought, by freezing or as leaves age naturally, and was observed in species spanning the phylogeny of vascular land plants as well as in an ABA biosynthetic mutant plant. A considerable increase in foliage ABA levels may act as an indicator of impending leaf death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - C N Kane
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J A Mercado Reyes
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A A Cardoso
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - T J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Zhang H, Mao L, Xin M, Xing H, Zhang Y, Wu J, Xu D, Wang Y, Shang Y, Wei L, Cui M, Zhuang T, Sun X, Song X. Overexpression of GhABF3 increases cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) tolerance to salt and drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:313. [PMID: 35768771 PMCID: PMC9241229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Plants suffer from various abiotic stresses during their lifetime, of which drought and salt stresses are two main factors limiting crop yield and quality. Previous studies have shown that abscisic acid (ABA) responsive element binding protein (AREB)/ ABRE binding factors (ABFs) in bZIP transcription factors are involved in plant stress response in an ABA-dependent manner. However, little is known about the properties and functions of AREB/ABFs, especially ABF3, in cotton.
Results
Here, we reported the cloning and characterization of GhABF3. Expression of GhABF3 was induced by drought,salt and ABA treatments. Silencing of GhABF3 sensitized cotton to drought and salt stress, which was manifested in decreased cellular antioxidant capacity and chlorophyll content. Overexpression of GhABF3 significantly improved the drought and salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis and cotton. Exogenous expression of GhABF3 resulted in longer root length and less leaf wilting under stress conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpressing GhABF3 significantly improved salt tolerance of upland cotton by reducing the degree of cellular oxidation, and enhanced drought tolerance by decreasing leaf water loss rate. The increased expression of GhABF3 up-regulated the transcriptional abundance of downstream ABA-inducible genes under salt stress in Arabidopsis.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our results demonstrated that GhABF3 plays an important role in plant drought and salt tolerance. Manipulation of GhABF3 by biotechnology might be an important strategy to alter the stress resistance of cotton.
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhang B, Feng C, Chen L, Li B, Zhang X, Yang X. Identification and Functional Analysis of bZIP Genes in Cotton Response to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314894. [PMID: 36499218 PMCID: PMC9736030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors, which harbor a conserved bZIP domain composed of two regions, a DNA-binding basic region and a Leu Zipper region, operate as important switches of transcription networks in eukaryotes. However, this gene family has not been systematically characterized in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Here, we identified 197 bZIP family members in cotton. The chromosome distribution pattern indicates that the GhbZIP genes have undergone 53 genome-wide segmental and 7 tandem duplication events which contribute to the expansion of the cotton bZIP family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that cotton GhbZIP proteins cluster into 13 subfamilies, and homologous protein pairs showed similar characteristics. Inspection of the DNA-binding basic region and leucine repeat heptads within the bZIP domains indicated different DNA-binding site specificities as well as dimerization properties among different groups. Comprehensive expression analysis indicated the most highly and differentially expressed genes in root and leaf that might play significant roles in cotton response to drought stress. GhABF3D was identified as a highly and differentially expressed bZIP family gene in cotton leaf and root under drought stress treatments that likely controls drought stress responses in cotton. These data provide useful information for further functional analysis of the GhbZIP gene family and its potential application in crop improvement.
Collapse
|
58
|
Hussain S, Cheng Y, Li Y, Wang W, Tian H, Zhang N, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Hussain H, Lin R, Wang C, Wang T, Wang S. AtbZIP62 Acts as a Transcription Repressor to Positively Regulate ABA Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3037. [PMID: 36432766 PMCID: PMC9699195 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor AtbZIP62 is involved in the regulation of plant responses to abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity stresses, NO3 transport, and basal defense in Arabidopsis. It is unclear if it plays a role in regulating plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone that can regulate plant abiotic stress responses via regulating downstream ABA-responsive genes. Using RT-PCR analysis, we found that the expression level of AtbZIP62 was increased in response to exogenously applied ABA. Protoplast transfection assays show that AtbZIP62 is predominantly localized in the nucleus and functions as a transcription repressor. To examine the roles of AtbZIP62 in regulating ABA responses, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtbZIP62 and created gene-edited atbzip62 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9. We found that in both ABA-regulated seed germination and cotyledon greening assays, the 35S:AtbZIP62 transgenic plants were hypersensitive, whereas atbzip62 mutants were hyposensitive to ABA. To examine the functional mechanisms of AtbZIP62 in regulating ABA responses, we generated Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing 35S:AtbZIP62-GR, and performed transcriptome analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the presence and absence of DEX, and found that DEGs are highly enriched in processes including response to abiotic stresses and response to ABA. Quantitative RT-PCR results further show that AtbZIP62 may regulate the expression of several ABA-responsive genes, including USP, ABF2, and SnRK2.7. In summary, our results show that AtbZIP62 is an ABA-responsive gene, and AtbZIP62 acts as a transcription repressor to positively regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hadia Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Rao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Liu J, Shu D, Tan Z, Ma M, Guo N, Gao S, Duan G, Kuai B, Hu Y, Li S, Cui D. The Arabidopsis IDD14 transcription factor interacts with bZIP-type ABFs/AREBs and cooperatively regulates ABA-mediated drought tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:929-942. [PMID: 35842794 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) transcription factors mediate various aspects of plant growth and development. We previously reported that an Arabidopsis IDD subfamily regulates spatial auxin accumulation, and thus organ morphogenesis and gravitropic responses. However, its functions in stress responses are not well defined. Here, we use a combination of physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches to provide evidence that the IDD14 cooperates with basic leucine zipper-type binding factors/ABA-responsive element (ABRE)-binding proteins (ABRE-binding factors (ABFs)/AREBs) in ABA-mediated drought tolerance. idd14-1D, a gain-of-function mutant of IDD14, exhibits decreased leaf water loss and improved drought tolerance, whereas inactivation of IDD14 in idd14-1 results in increased transpiration and reduced drought tolerance. Altered IDD14 expression affects ABA sensitivity and ABA-mediated stomatal closure. IDD14 can physically interact with ABF1-4 and subsequently promote their transcriptional activities. Moreover, ectopic expression and mutation of ABFs could, respectively, suppress and enhance plant sensitivity to drought stress in the idd14-1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that IDD14 forms a functional complex with ABFs and positively regulates drought-stress responses, thus revealing a previously unidentified role of IDD14 in ABA signaling and drought responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Defeng Shu
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Zilong Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Mei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Ning Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Fudan Center for Genetic Diversity and Designing Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Dayong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Su L, Lv A, Wen W, Fan N, Li J, Gao L, Zhou P, An Y. MsMYB741 is involved in alfalfa resistance to aluminum stress by regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:756-771. [PMID: 36097968 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity severely restricts plant growth in acidic soils (pH < 5.0). In this study, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) gene, MsMYB741, was cloned from alfalfa. Its function and gene regulatory pathways were studied via overexpression and RNA interference of MsMYB741 in alfalfa seedlings. Results showed that root elongation increased as a result of MsMYB741 overexpression (MsMYB741-OE) and decreased with MsMYB741 RNA interference (MsMYB741-RNAi) in alfalfa seedlings compared with the wild-type under Al stress. These were attributed to the reduced Al content in MsMYB741-OE lines, and increased Al content in MsMYB741-RNAi lines. MsMYB741 positively activated the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (MsPAL1) and chalcone isomerase (MsCHI) by binding to MYB and ABRE elements in their promoters, respectively, which directly affected flavonoid accumulation in roots and secretion from root tips in plants under Al stress, eventually affecting Al accumulation in alfalfa. Additionally, MsABF2 TF directly activated the expression of MsMYB741 by binding to the ABRE element in its promoter. Taken together, our results indicate that MsMYB741 transcriptionally activates MsPAL1 and MsCHI expression to increase flavonoid accumulation in roots and secretion from root tips, leading to increased resistance of alfalfa to Al stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liantai Su
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuwu Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Fan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201101, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Weng W, Lu X, Zhou M, Gao A, Yao X, Tang Y, Wu W, Ma C, Bai Q, Xiong R, Ruan J. FtbZIP12 Positively Regulates Responses to Osmotic Stress in Tartary Buckwheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113072. [PMID: 36361858 PMCID: PMC9658761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABFs play a key role in regulating plant osmotic stress. However, in Tartary buckwheat, data on the role of ABF genes in osmotic stress remain limited and its associated mechanism in osmoregulation remain nebulous. Herein, a novel ABF family in Tartary buckwheat, FtbZIP12, was cloned and characterized. FtbZIP12 is a transcriptional activator located in the nucleus; its expression is induced by NaCl, mannitol, and abscisic acid (ABA). Atopic expression of FtbZIP12 in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination, reduced damage to primary roots, and improved the tolerance of seedlings to osmotic stress. The quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that the expressions of the typical genes related to stress, the SOS pathway, and the proline synthesis pathway in Arabidopsis were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated under osmotic stress. FtbZIP12 improved the osmotic pressure resistance by reducing the damage caused by reactive oxygen species to plants and maintained plant homeostasis by upregulating the expression of genes related to stress, osmotic regulation, and ion homeostasis. This study identified a key candidate gene for understanding the mechanism underlying osmotic-stress-regulated function in Tartary buckwheat, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving its yield and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Weng
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anjing Gao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong Tang
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weijiao Wu
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qing Bai
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruiqi Xiong
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Senescence-Associated Genes in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Reveal Their Potential Functions in Leaf Senescence Order. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112731. [PMID: 36361520 PMCID: PMC9656468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural leaf senescence is an acclimation strategy that enables plants to reallocate nutrients. In the present study, interestingly, we found that the basal mature leaves of grapevine primary shoots (P) exhibited the earliest senescence, followed by the apical young leaves of secondary shoots (ST), and then the basal mature leaves of secondary shoots (S). The Chl level decreased with the extent of leaf senescence. According to the genome-wide identification and expression analysis, sixteen senescence-associated genes (SAGs) involved in Chl breakdown were identified in the grapevine genome. Their expression patterns showed that the transcript changes in VvSGR, VvPPH2, and VvFtsH6-2 corresponded to the changes in Chl content among P, S, and ST. The changes in the transcription of VvNYC1, VvSGR, VvPAO1, VvPAO2, VvPAO4, VvPPH1, VvPPH3, and VvFtsH6-1 only contributed to low Chl levels in P. The cis-element analysis indicated that these SAGs possessed several light- and hormone-responsive elements in their promoters. Among them, ABA-responsive elements were found in twelve of the sixteen promoters of SAGs. Correspondingly, ABA-signaling components presented various changes in transcription among P, S, and ST. The transcription changes in VvbZIP45 and VvSnRK2.1 were similar to those in VvSGR, VvPPH2, and VvFtsH6-2. The other nine ABA-signaling components, which included VvRCAR2, VvRCAR4, VvRCAR6, VvRCAR7, VvRCAR2, VvPP2C4, VvPP2C9, VvbZIP25, and VvSnRK2.3, were highly expressed in P but there was no difference between S and ST, with similar expression patterns for VvNYC1, VvSGR, VvPAO1, VvPAO2, VvPAO4, VvPPH1, VvPPH3, and VvFtsH6-1. These results suggested that the senescence of P and ST could be regulated by different members of Chl breakdown-related SAGs and ABA-signaling components. These findings provide us with important candidate genes to further study the regulation mechanism of leaf senescence order in grapevine.
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhang S, Chen K, Anwar A, Wang Y, Yao S, Chen R, Song S, Su W. BcGRP23: A novel gene involved in the chlorophyll metabolic pathway that is activated by BES1 in flowering Chinese cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010470. [PMID: 36352860 PMCID: PMC9639331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) are a large family of proteins that play vital roles in cell wall remodeling, metabolism and development, and abiotic stress response. Although the functions of GRPs in cell wall remodeling have been extensively characterized, only a few studies have explored their effects on chlorophyll metabolism and hormone response. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of BcGRP23 and its role in chlorophyll metabolism and the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) signaling pathway in flowering Chinese cabbage. The expression levels of BcGRP23 in the leaves and stems gradually decreased with increasing growth and development of flowering Chinese cabbage, while BcGRP23 was barely expressed after flowering. As plant growth continued, the GUS (β-glucuronidase) stain gradually became lighter in hypocotyls and was largely free of growth points. The petioles and stems of BcGRP23-silenced plants lost their green color, and the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chl b were significantly reduced. Further research revealed that the expression levels of chlorophyll degradation-related genes were significantly increased in silenced plants compared with the control; however, the opposite was noted for the BcGRP23-overexpressing lines. The BcGRP23 promoter sequence contains numerous hormone-responsive elements. In fact, the expression of BcGRP23 was upregulated in flowering Chinese cabbage following treatment with the hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and brassinosteroid (BR). Treatment with BR led to the most significant upregulation. BES1, in response to BRs, directly activated the BcGRP23 promoter. Overall, BcGRP23 regulated the expression of chlorophyll degradation-related genes, thereby affecting the chlorophyll content. Furthermore, the expression of BcGRP23 was significantly regulated by exogenous BR application and was directly activated by BES1. These findings preliminarily suggest the molecular mechanism and regulatory pathway of BcGRP23 in the growth and development of flowering Chinese cabbage plants and their response to environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kemin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ali Anwar
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Yao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Bai YL, Yin X, Xiong CF, Cai BD, Wu Y, Zhang XY, Wei Z, Ye T, Feng YQ. Neophaseic acid catabolism in the 9'-hydroxylation pathway of abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100340. [PMID: 35585783 PMCID: PMC9482987 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) hydroxylation is an important pathway for ABA inactivation and homeostasis maintenance. Here, we discover a new downstream catabolite of neophaseic acid (neoPA) in the ABA 9'-hydroxyl pathway and identify it as epi-neodihydrophaseic acid (epi-neoDPA) by comparing its accurate mass, retention time, and MSn spectra with those of our chemically synthesized epi-neoDPA. Analyses of Arabidopsis seed germination and ABA-related gene expression reveal that neoPA rather than epi-neoDPA possesses ABA-like hormonal activity. In vitro enzyme activity tests of prokaryotic recombinant protein reveal that NeoPAR1 (neoPA reductase 1) identified from Arabidopsis converts neoPA into epi-neoDPA. Site-directed mutation at Tyr163 in the conserved motif of NeoPAR1 abolishes the catalytic activity of NeoPAR1. Accelerated seed germination was observed in NeoPAR1 knockdown and knockout mutants, whereas retarded seed germination and the accumulation of epi-neoDPA and ABA were observed in NeoPAR1 overexpression lines, suggesting that NeoPAR1 is involved in seed germination and maintenance of ABA homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Li C, Zhu J, Cheng Y, Hou J, Sun L, Ge Y. Acibenzolar-S-methyl activates mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade to mediate chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolisms in the exocarp of Docteur Jules Guyot pears. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4435-4445. [PMID: 35092628 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a well-known plant activator, has been used to protect fruit and vegetable from fungal invasion and maintain quality. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of ASM in regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolisms. Therefore, Docteur Jules Guyot pears were used as the materials to study the changes of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, transcription factors, chlorophyll, and carotenoid metabolisms after ASM and PD98059 (a MAPK cascade blocker) treatments. RESULTS ASM increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and H2 O2 content, promoted PcMAPKKK1, PcMAPKK3, and PcMAPK6 expressions, and down-regulated PcMYC2, PcPIF1, PcPIF3, and PcPIF4 expressions in exocarp of pears. ASM also delayed the decrease of chlorophyll a and b contents, and inhibited the accumulation of β-carotene, lycopene and lutein, PcNYC1, PcHCAR, PcPPH, PcSGR1/2, PcPAO, PcPSY, PcLCYB, PcCRTZ2, PcCCS1 expressions, and promoted PcLCYE expression. PD98059 + ASM treatments depressed SOD and NOX activities and H2 O2 content, inhibited PcMAPKKK1, PcMAPKK3, PcMAPK6, PcPIF1, and PcPIF3 expressions, and promoted PcMYC2 and PcPIF4 expressions in exocarp of pears. Additionally, PD98059 + ASM accelerated PcNYC1, PcHCAR, PcPPH, PcSGR1/2, PcPAO, PcPSY, PcCYB, PcCRTZ2, and PcCCS1 expressions, thereby reducing chlorophyll a and b contents, and promoting β-carotene, lycopene and lutein contents. CONCLUSIONS Postharvest ASM treatment promoted the production of H2 O2 to activate the MAPK cascade, then phosphorylated/dephosphorylated transcription factors expression, and delayed chlorophyll decomposition and carotenoid synthesis in pears. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
He C, Liew LC, Yin L, Lewsey MG, Whelan J, Berkowitz O. The retrograde signaling regulator ANAC017 recruits the MKK9-MPK3/6, ethylene, and auxin signaling pathways to balance mitochondrial dysfunction with growth. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3460-3481. [PMID: 35708648 PMCID: PMC9421482 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, mitochondria are ideally positioned to sense and balance changes in energy metabolism in response to changing environmental conditions. Retrograde signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus is crucial for adjusting the required transcriptional responses. We show that ANAC017, the master regulator of mitochondrial stress, directly recruits a signaling cascade involving the plant hormones ethylene and auxin as well as the MAP KINASE KINASE (MKK) 9-MAP KINASE (MPK) 3/6 pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and overexpression demonstrated that ANAC017 directly regulates several genes of the ethylene and auxin pathways, including MKK9, 1-AMINO-CYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 2, and YUCCA 5, in addition to genes encoding transcription factors regulating plant growth and stress responses such as BASIC REGION/LEUCINE ZIPPER MOTIF (bZIP) 60, bZIP53, ANAC081/ATAF2, and RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1. A time-resolved RNA-seq experiment established that ethylene signaling precedes the stimulation of auxin signaling in the mitochondrial stress response, with a large part of the transcriptional regulation dependent on ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3. These results were confirmed by mutant analyses. Our findings identify the molecular components controlled by ANAC017, which integrates the primary stress responses to mitochondrial dysfunction with whole plant growth via the activation of regulatory and partly antagonistic feedback loops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunman He
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Lim Chee Liew
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Lingling Yin
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Sasi JM, Gupta S, Singh A, Kujur A, Agarwal M, Katiyar-Agarwal S. Know when and how to die: gaining insights into the molecular regulation of leaf senescence. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1515-1534. [PMID: 36389097 PMCID: PMC9530073 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the ultimate phase in the life cycle of leaves which is crucial for recycling of nutrients to maintain plant fitness and reproductive success. The earliest visible manifestation of leaf senescence is their yellowing, which usually commences with the breakdown of chlorophyll. The degradation process involves a gradual and highly coordinated disassembly of macromolecules resulting in the accumulation of nutrients, which are subsequently mobilized from the senescing leaves to the developing organs. Leaf senescence progresses under overly tight genetic and molecular control involving a well-orchestrated and intricate network of regulators that coordinate spatio-temporally with the influence of both internal and external cues. Owing to the advancements in omics technologies, the availability of mutant resources, scalability of molecular analyses methodologies and the advanced capacity to integrate multidimensional data, our understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of leaf ageing has greatly expanded. The review provides a compilation of the multitier regulation of senescence process and the interrelation between the environment and the terminal phase of leaf development. The knowledge gained would benefit in devising the strategies for manipulation of leaf senescence process to improve crop quality and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyothish Madambikattil Sasi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Shitij Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Apurva Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Alice Kujur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
| | - Manu Agarwal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi North Campus, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Surekha Katiyar-Agarwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
A novel WRKY34-bZIP3 module regulates phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Metab Eng 2022; 73:182-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
69
|
Mannucci A, Scartazza A, Santaniello A, Castagna A, Santin M, Quartacci MF, Ranieri A. Short daily ultraviolet exposure enhances intrinsic water-use efficiency and delays senescence in Micro-Tom tomato plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:810-821. [PMID: 35598892 DOI: 10.1071/fp22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, unless present at high doses, is recognised as a regulator of plant growth and some specific processes. The present study investigated the influence of short daily UV irradiation (15min/day, 11days) on leaf gas exchange and some biochemical and molecular markers of leaf senescence (such as stomata movements, chlorophyll breakdown, anthocyanin production, senescence-associated genes) in Micro-Tom tomato plants. The UV-induced reduction of g s (stomatal conductance) during the treatment was associated with the modified expression of some genes involved in the control of stomatal movements. We hypothesise a two-step regulation of stomatal closure involving salicylic and abscisic acid hormones. The temporal changes of g s and A net (net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate) along with the pigment behaviour, suggest a possible delay of leaf senescence in treated plants, confirmed by the expression levels of genes related to senescence such as SAG113 and DFR . The UV potential to induce a persistent partial inhibition of g s without severely affecting A net led to an increased iWUE (intrinsic water-use efficiency) during the 11-day treatment, suggesting a priming effect of short daily UV radiation towards drought conditions potentially useful in reducing the excess water use in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Mike Frank Quartacci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Bai YL, Xiong CF, Yin X, Ye T, Cai BD, Song WL, Feng YQ. Screening and Identification of Potential Abscisic Acid Catabolites by Chemical Labeling-Assisted Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8808-8818. [PMID: 35796587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a screening strategy was established based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry assisted by chemical isotope labeling (CIL-UPLC-HRMS) for screening and identifying abscisic acid (ABA) catabolites. Based on the structures of known ABA catabolites, this strategy first proposed the structures of catabolites to be discovered. Afterward, a pair of isotope reagents N,N-2-dimethylaminoethylamine (DMED) and d4-DMED were used as labeling reagents to label the carboxyl groups in ABA and its catabolites. Then, the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of DMED- and d4-DMED-labeled ABA catabolites was calculated based on the labeling schema. In light of the characteristic fragmentation patterns of the DMED-labeled standards of ABA and its catabolites, screening criteria were formulated. Using our strategy, ABA, t-ABA, and 18 ABA catabolites were identified from seven plant samples. Of the identified catabolites, 16 were known, and to our knowledge, 2 were previously unidentified. Our findings contribute to ABA catabolic network improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cai-Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Li Song
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zhang C, Zhou Q, Liu W, Wu X, Li Z, Xu Y, Li Y, Imaizumi T, Hou X, Liu T. BrABF3 promotes flowering through the direct activation of CONSTANS transcription in pak choi. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:134-148. [PMID: 35442527 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress triggers the accumulation of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which in turn activates the expression of the floral integrator gene CONSTANS (CO), accelerating flowering. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA-induced CO activation remains elusive. Here, we conducted a yeast one-hybrid assay using the CO promoter from Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis (pak choi) to screen the ABA-induced pak choi library and identified the transcription activator ABF3 (BrABF3). BrABF3, the expression of which was induced by ABA in pak choi, directly bound to the CO promoter from both pak choi and Arabidopsis. The BrABF3 promoter is specifically active in the Arabidopsis leaf vascular tissue, where CO is mainly expressed. Impaired BrABF3 expression in pak choi decreased BrCO expression levels and delayed flowering, whereas ectopic expression of BrABF3 in Arabidopsis increased CO expression and induced earlier flowering under the long-day conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis showed that BrABF3 was enriched at the canonical ABA-responsive element-ABRE binding factor (ABRE-ABF) binding motifs of the BrCO promoter. The direct binding of BrABF3 to the ABRE elements of CO was further confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR. In addition, the induction of BrCO transcription by BrABF3 could be repressed by BrCDF1 in the morning. Thus, our results suggest that ABA could accelerate the floral transition by directly activating BrCO transcription through BrABF3 in pak choi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhubo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Huang P, Li Z, Guo H. New Advances in the Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Classical and Peptide Hormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923136. [PMID: 35837465 PMCID: PMC9274171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the last stage of leaf development, manifested by leaf yellowing due to the loss of chlorophyll, along with the degradation of macromolecules and facilitates nutrient translocation from the sink to the source tissues, which is essential for the plants' fitness. Leaf senescence is controlled by a sophisticated genetic network that has been revealed through the study of the molecular mechanisms of hundreds of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which are involved in multiple layers of regulation. Leaf senescence is primarily regulated by plant age, but also influenced by a variety of factors, including phytohormones and environmental stimuli. Phytohormones, as important signaling molecules in plant, contribute to the onset and progression of leaf senescence. Recently, peptide hormones have been reported to be involved in the regulation of leaf senescence, enriching the significance of signaling molecules in controlling leaf senescence. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation of leaf senescence by classical and peptide hormones, aiming to better understand the coordinated network of different pathways during leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Chakraborty A, Viswanath A, Malipatil R, Semalaiyappan J, Shah P, Ronanki S, Rathore A, Singh SP, Govindaraj M, Tonapi VA, Thirunavukkarasu N. Identification of Candidate Genes Regulating Drought Tolerance in Pearl Millet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136907. [PMID: 35805919 PMCID: PMC9266394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important crop of the arid and semi-arid ecologies to sustain food and fodder production. The greater tolerance to drought stress attracts us to examine its cellular and molecular mechanisms via functional genomics approaches to augment the grain yield. Here, we studied the drought response of 48 inbreds representing four different maturity groups at the flowering stage. A set of 74 drought-responsive genes were separated into five major phylogenic groups belonging to eight functional groups, namely ABA signaling, hormone signaling, ion and osmotic homeostasis, TF-mediated regulation, molecular adaptation, signal transduction, physiological adaptation, detoxification, which were comprehensively studied. Among the conserved motifs of the drought-responsive genes, the protein kinases and MYB domain proteins were the most conserved ones. Comparative in-silico analysis of the drought genes across millet crops showed foxtail millet had most orthologs with pearl millet. Of 698 haplotypes identified across millet crops, MyC2 and Myb4 had maximum haplotypes. The protein–protein interaction network identified ABI2, P5CS, CDPK, DREB, MYB, and CYP707A3 as major hub genes. The expression assay showed the presence of common as well as unique drought-responsive genes across maturity groups. Drought tolerant genotypes in respective maturity groups were identified from the expression pattern of genes. Among several gene families, ABA signaling, TFs, and signaling proteins were the prospective contributors to drought tolerance across maturity groups. The functionally validated genes could be used as promising candidates in backcross breeding, genomic selection, and gene-editing schemes in pearl millet and other millet crops to increase the yield in drought-prone arid and semi-arid ecologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Animikha Chakraborty
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Aswini Viswanath
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Renuka Malipatil
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Janani Semalaiyappan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Priya Shah
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Swarna Ronanki
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India;
| | - Sumer Pal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (N.T.)
| | - Vilas A. Tonapi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.C.); (A.V.); (R.M.); (J.S.); (P.S.); (S.R.); (V.A.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (N.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Yang Y, Li HG, Liu M, Wang HL, Yang Q, Yan DH, Zhang Y, Li Z, Feng CH, Niu M, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. PeTGA1 enhances disease resistance against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through directly regulating PeSARD1 in poplar. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:672-684. [PMID: 35738343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins play important roles in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to pathogens remain largely unclear in poplar. The present study isolated a TGACG-binding (TGA) transcription factor, PeTGA1, from Populus euphratica. PeTGA1 belongs to subgroup D of the bZIP family and was localized to the nucleus. To study the role PeTGA1 plays in response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, transgenic triploid white poplars overexpressing PeTGA1 were generated. Results showed that poplars with overexpressed PeTGA1 showed a higher effective defense response to C. gloeosporioides than the wild-type plants. A yeast one-hybrid assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that PeTGA1 could directly bind to the PeSARD1 (P. euphratica SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1) promoter, an important regulator for salicylic acid biosynthesis. The transactivation assays indicated that PeTGA1 activated the expression of PeSARD1, and PR1 (PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1), a SA marker gene involved in SA signaling. Subsequently, we observed that the PeTGA1 overexpression lines showed elevated SA levels, thereby resulting in the increased resistance to C. gloeosporioides. Taken together, our results indicated that PeTGA1 may exert a key role in plant immunity not only by targeting PeSARD1 thus participating in the SA biosynthesis pathway but also by involving in SA signaling via activating the expression of PR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hui-Guang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Meiying Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dong-Hui Yan
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection Affiliated to State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cong-Hua Feng
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mengxue Niu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Lu J, Sun L, Jin X, Islam MA, Guo F, Tang X, Zhao K, Hao H, Li N, Zhang W, Shi Y, Wang S, Sun D. Analysis of Physiological and Transcriptomic Differences between a Premature Senescence Mutant (GSm) and Its Wild-Type in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060904. [PMID: 35741425 PMCID: PMC9219967 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Early leaf senescence is an important agronomic trait that affects crop yield and quality. To understand the molecular mechanism of early leaf senescence, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) premature leaf senescence mutant (GSm) and its wild type were employed in this study. We compared the physiological characteristics and transcriptome of wheat leaves between the wild type (WT) and the mutant at two-time points. Physiological characteristics and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed many genes and metabolic pathways that were closely related to senescence. These results will not only support further gene cloning and functional analysis of GSm, but also facilitate the study of leaf senescence in wheat. Abstract Premature leaf senescence has a profound influence on crop yield and quality. Here, a stable premature senescence mutant (GSm) was obtained from the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Chang 6878 by mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. The differences between the GSm mutant and its wild-type (WT) were analyzed in terms of yield characteristics, photosynthetic fluorescence indices, and senescence-related physiological parameters. RNA sequencing was used to reveal gene expression differences between GSm and WT. The results showed that the yield of GSm was considerably lower than that of WT. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, maximum quantum yield, non-photochemical quenching coefficient, photosynthetic electron transport rate, soluble protein, peroxidase activity, and catalase activity all remarkably decreased in flag leaves of GSm, whereas malondialdehyde content distinctively increased compared with those of WT. The analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated blockade of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, accelerated degradation of chlorophyll, and diminished photosynthetic capacity in mutant leaves; brassinolide might facilitate chlorophyll breakdown and consequently accelerate leaf senescence. NAC genes positively regulated the senescence process. Compared with NAC genes, expression of WRKY and MYB genes was induced earlier in the mutant possibly due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species and plant hormones (e.g., brassinolide, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid), thereby accelerating leaf senescence. Furthermore, the antioxidant system played a role in minimizing oxidative damage in the mutant. These results provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of premature leaf senescence in crops.
Collapse
|
76
|
Anastasiadi M, Collings ER, Terry LA. Investigating the role of abscisic acid and its catabolites on senescence processes in green asparagus under controlled atmosphere (CA) storage regimes. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 188:111892. [PMID: 35664649 PMCID: PMC8994748 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2022.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a highly perishable crop with a short postharvest life. Although some research has been done on the application of controlled atmosphere (CA), it has not been sufficiently explored and the underlying mechanisms controlling asparagus senescence processes are not well understood, restricting its potential for commercial application. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the link between abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA catabolites and senescence in asparagus stored under a range of different CA conditions. Two different set-ups were run in parallel; a traditional CA delivered by an International Controlled Atmosphere (ICA) system with continuous gas supply and LabPods™ fitted with sensors for real time monitoring of respiration rate (RR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) and able to retain established CA conditions with minimum gas supply requirements. The role of genetic variability was also studied by including two UK grown asparagus cultivars 'Gijnlim' and 'Jaleo' adapted for different climatic conditions. The results indicated that ABA and its catabolites were present in significantly higher concentrations in the air stored spears (control) compared to CA throughout storage, irrespective of cultivar, and were associated with accelerated senescence processes observed in control samples, such as textural changes indicative of spear toughening, discolouration, sugar depletion and asparagine accumulation. Furthermore, partial least squares regression (pls-r) applied for both cultivars, successfully differentiated samples based on O2 and CO2 concentrations and storage duration, both in cold storage and during shelf-life with the separation being driven primarily by ABA and its catabolites. Physiological and biochemical results indicated that all three CA conditions tested ([CA1] 2.5% O2, 3% CO2, [CA2] 2.5% O2, 6% CO2 and [CA3] 2.5% O2, 10% CO2) successfully retained quality parameters including texture, colour, moisture content and visual appearance longer compared to air (control); however, they did not completely suppress the development of 'tip-breakdown' (a physiological disorder also known as tip rot) towards the end of storage, which coincided with rising concentrations of phaseic acid indicating an activation of the abscisic biosynthetic and catabolic pathway. It can be concluded that CA conditions can delay senescence for at least 3-weeks (2 weeks cold storage and 1 week shelf-life), by lowering metabolic rate and respiratory quotient (RQ) within the spears compared to control, and through successfully regulating ABA biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anastasiadi
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Emma R. Collings
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
- Cobrey Farms Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire HR9 5SG, UK
| | - Leon A. Terry
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Mahmood K, Torres-Jerez I, Krom N, Liu W, Udvardi MK. Transcriptional Programs and Regulators Underlying Age-Dependent and Dark-Induced Senescence in Medicago truncatula. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091570. [PMID: 35563875 PMCID: PMC9103780 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In forage crops, age-dependent and stress-induced senescence reduces forage yield and quality. Therefore, delaying leaf senescence may be a way to improve forage yield and quality as well as plant resilience to stresses. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to determine the molecular bases of age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence in Medicago truncatula. We identified 6845 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in M3 leaves associated with age-dependent leaf senescence. An even larger number (14219) of DEGs were associated with dark-induced senescence. Upregulated genes identified during age-dependent and dark-induced senescence were over-represented in oxidation–reduction processes and amino acid, carboxylic acid and chlorophyll catabolic processes. Dark-specific upregulated genes also over-represented autophagy, senescence and cell death. Mitochondrial functions were strongly inhibited by dark-treatment while these remained active during age-dependent senescence. Additionally, 391 DE transcription factors (TFs) belonging to various TF families were identified, including a core set of 74 TFs during age-dependent senescence while 759 DE TFs including a core set of 338 TFs were identified during dark-induced senescence. The heterologous expression of several senescence-induced TFs belonging to NAC, WKRY, bZIP, MYB and HD-zip TF families promoted senescence in tobacco leaves. This study revealed the dynamics of transcriptomic responses to age- and dark-induced senescence in M. truncatula and identified senescence-associated TFs that are attractive targets for future work to control senescence in forage legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Mahmood
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; (K.M.); (I.T.-J.); (N.K.); (W.L.)
- Noble Research Institute, L.L.C., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Ivone Torres-Jerez
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; (K.M.); (I.T.-J.); (N.K.); (W.L.)
- Noble Research Institute, L.L.C., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Nick Krom
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; (K.M.); (I.T.-J.); (N.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; (K.M.); (I.T.-J.); (N.K.); (W.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Michael K. Udvardi
- Noble Research Institute, L.L.C., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
- Centre for Crop Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Wei YQ, Yuan JJ, Xiao CC, Li GX, Yan JY, Zheng SJ, Ding ZJ. RING-box proteins regulate leaf senescence and stomatal closure via repression of ABA transporter gene ABCG40. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:979-994. [PMID: 35274464 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an indispensable role in the control of leaf senescence, during which ABA signaling depends on its biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the role of ABA transport in leaf senescence remains unknown. Here, we identified two novel RING-box protein-encoding genes UBIQUITIN LIGASE of SENESCENCE 1 and 2 (ULS1 and ULS2) involved in leaf senescence. Lack of ULS1 and ULS2 accelerates leaf senescence, which is specifically promoted by ABA treatment. Furthermore, the expression of senescence-related genes is significantly affected in mature leaves of uls1/uls2 double mutant (versus wild type (WT)) in an ABA-dependent manner, and the ABA content is substantially increased. ULS1 and ULS2 are mainly expressed in the guard cells and aging leaves, and the expression is induced by ABA. Further RNA-seq and quantitative proteomics of ubiquitination reveal that ABA transporter ABCG40 is highly expressed in uls1/uls2 mutant versus WT, though it is not the direct target of ULS1/2. Finally, we show that the acceleration of leaf senescence, the increase of leaf ABA content, and the promotion of stomatal closure in uls1/usl2 mutant are suppressed by abcg40 loss-of-function mutation. These results indicate that ULS1 and ULS2 function in feedback inhibition of ABCG40-dependent ABA transport during ABA-induced leaf senescence and stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Jie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Chen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gui Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Ying Yan
- Agricultural Experimental Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhong Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Wang S, Wang T, Li Q, Xu C, Tian J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z, Wu T. Phosphorylation of MdERF17 by MdMPK4 promotes apple fruit peel degreening during light/dark transitions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1980-2000. [PMID: 35166845 PMCID: PMC9048921 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As apple fruits (Malus domestica) mature, they accumulate anthocyanins concomitantly with losing chlorophyll (Chl); however, the molecular pathways and events that coordinate Chl degradation and fruit coloration have not been elucidated. We showed previously that the transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR17 (MdERF17) modulates Chl degradation in apple fruit peels and that variation in the pattern of MdERF17 serine (Ser) residues is responsible for differences in its transcriptional regulatory activity. Here, we report that MdERF17 interacts with and is phosphorylated by MAP KINASE4 (MdMPK4-14G). Phosphorylation of MdERF17 at residue Thr67 by MdMPK4-14G is necessary for its transcriptional regulatory activity and its regulation of Chl degradation. We also show that MdERF17 mutants with different numbers of Ser repeat insertions exhibit altered phosphorylation profiles, with more repeats increasing its interaction with MdMPK4. MdMPK4-14G can be activated by exposure to darkness and is involved in the dark-induced degreening of fruit peels. We also demonstrate that greater phosphorylation of MdERF17 by MdMPK4-14G is responsible for the regulation of Chl degradation during light/dark transitions. Overall, our findings reveal the mechanism by which MdMPK4 controls fruit peel coloration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ting Wu
- Author for correspondence: (T.W.), (Z.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Yang F, Miao Y, Liu Y, Botella JR, Li W, Li K, Song CP. Function of Protein Kinases in Leaf Senescence of Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864215. [PMID: 35548290 PMCID: PMC9083415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an evolutionarily acquired process and it is critical for plant fitness. During senescence, macromolecules and nutrients are disassembled and relocated to actively growing organs. Plant leaf senescence process can be triggered by developmental cues and environmental factors, proper regulation of this process is essential to improve crop yield. Protein kinases are enzymes that modify their substrates activities by changing the conformation, stability, and localization of those proteins, to play a crucial role in the leaf senescence process. Impressive progress has been made in understanding the role of different protein kinases in leaf senescence recently. This review focuses on the recent progresses in plant leaf senescence-related kinases. We summarize the current understanding of the function of kinases on senescence signal perception and transduction, to help us better understand how the orderly senescence degeneration process is regulated by kinases, and how the kinase functions in the intricate integration of environmental signals and leaf age information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jose R. Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Weiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Jiang H, Ji Y, Sheng J, Wang Y, Liu X, Xiao P, Ding H. Genome-Wide Identification of the Bcl-2 Associated Athanogene (BAG) Gene Family in Solanum lycopersicum and the Functional Role of SlBAG9 in Response to Osmotic Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:598. [PMID: 35326248 PMCID: PMC8945447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) proteins are a family of multi-functional group of co-chaperones regulators, modulating diverse processes from plant growth and development to stress response. Here, 10 members of SlBAG gene family were identified based on the available tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genomic information and named as SlBAG1-10 according to their chromosomal location. All SlBAG proteins harbor a characteristic BAG domain, categorized into two groups, and SlBAG4, SlBAG7, and SlBAG9 of group I contain a plant-specific isoleucine glutamine (IQ) calmodulin-binding motif located in the N terminus. The quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis revealed that these SlBAG genes had organ-specific expression patterns and most SlBAG genes were differentially expressed in multiple abiotic stresses including drought, salt, high temperature, cold, and cadmium stress as well as abscisic acid and H2O2. In addition, heterologous overexpression of SlBAG9 increased the sensitivity of Arabidopsis to drought, salt, and ABA during seed germination and seedling growth. The decreased tolerance may be due to the downregulation of stress-related genes expression and severe oxidative stress. The expression levels of some stress and ABA-related genes, such as ABI3, RD29A, DREB2A, and P5CS1, were significantly inhibited by SlBAG9 overexpression under osmotic stress. Meanwhile, the overexpression of SlBAG9 inhibited the expression of FSD1 and CAT1 under stress conditions and the decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities were detected accompanying the trends in the expression of both genes, which resulted in H2O2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these findings lay a foundation for the future study of the biological function of SlBAG genes in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Haidong Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.J.); (Y.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (P.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Wang M, Ogé L, Pérez Garcia MD, Launay-Avon A, Clément G, Le Gourrierec J, Hamama L, Sakr S. Antagonistic Effect of Sucrose Availability and Auxin on Rosa Axillary Bud Metabolism and Signaling, Based on the Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830840. [PMID: 35392520 PMCID: PMC8982072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is crucial for successful plant development and plant response to environmental factors. Extensive investigations have revealed the involvement of an intricate regulatory network including hormones and sugars. Recent studies have demonstrated that two major systemic regulators-auxin and sugar-antagonistically regulate plant branching. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this crosstalk. We carried out two complementary untargeted approaches-RNA-seq and metabolomics-on explant stem buds fed with different concentrations of auxin and sucrose resulting in dormant and non-dormant buds. Buds responded to the combined effect of auxin and sugar by massive reprogramming of the transcriptome and metabolome. The antagonistic effect of sucrose and auxin targeted several important physiological processes, including sink strength, the amino acid metabolism, the sulfate metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, the nucleic acid metabolism, and phytohormone signaling. Further experiments revealed a role of the TOR-kinase signaling pathway in bud outgrowth through at least downregulation of Rosa hybrida BRANCHED1 (RhBRC1). These new findings represent a cornerstone to further investigate the diverse molecular mechanisms that drive the integration of endogenous factors during shoot branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | | | - Alexandra Launay-Avon
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Jose Le Gourrierec
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Amoanimaa-Dede H, Su C, Yeboah A, Zhou H, Zheng D, Zhu H. Growth regulators promote soybean productivity: a review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12556. [PMID: 35265396 PMCID: PMC8900611 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is a predominant edible plant and a major supply of plant protein worldwide. Global demand for soybean keeps increasing as its seeds provide essential proteins, oil, and nutraceuticals. In a quest to meet heightened demands for soybean, it has become essential to introduce agro-technical methods that promote adaptability to complex environments, improve soybean resistance to abiotic stress , and increase productivity. Plant growth regulators are mainly exploited to achieve this due to their crucial roles in plant growth and development. Increasing research suggests the influence of plant growth regulators on soybean growth and development, yield, quality, and abiotic stress responses. In an attempt to expatiate on the topic, current knowledge, and possible applications of plant growth regulators that improve growth and yield have been reviewed and discussed. Notably, the application of plant growth regulators in their appropriate concentrations at suitable growth periods relieves abiotic stress thereby increasing the yield and yield components of soybean. Moreover, the regulation effects of different growth regulators on the morphology, physiology, and yield quality of soybean are discoursed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuntao Su
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Akwasi Yeboah
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Shao C, Cai F, Bao Z, Zhang Y, Shi G, Zhou Z, Chen X, Li Y, Bao M, Zhang J. PaNAC089 is a membrane-tethered transcription factor (MTTF) that modulates flowering, chlorophyll breakdown and trichome initiation. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:392-404. [PMID: 35209991 DOI: 10.1071/fp21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flowering and senescence are essential developmental stages of green plants, which are governed by complex molecular regulatory networks. However, the connection between flowering regulation and senescence regulation in London plane tree (Platanus acerifolia ) remains unknown. In this study, we identified a gene PaNAC089 from London plane tree, which encodes a membrane-tethered transcription factor (MTTF) belonging to the NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factor family. We investigated the functions of PaNAC089 in the regulation of flowering and senescence through the analysis of expression profiles and transgenic phenotypes. Heterologous overexpression of ΔPaNAC089 delayed flowering and inhibited chlorophyll breakdown to produce dark green rosette leaves in Arabidopsis . In addition, the trichome density of rosette leaves was decreased in transgenic lines. In ΔPaNAC089 overexpression plants, a series of functional genes with inhibited expression were identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), including genes that regulate flowering, chlorophyll decomposition, and trichome initiation. Furthermore, Δ PaNAC089 directly binds to the promoter of CONSTANS (CO ) and NON-YELLOWING2 (NYE2 ) in the yeast one-hybrid assay. Consistent with this, luciferase (LUC) transient expression assays also showed that Δ PaNAC089 could inhibit the activity of NYE2 . To summarise, our data suggests that PaNAC089 is an MTTF that modulates flowering, chlorophyll breakdown and trichome initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; and Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiru Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Gehui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zareen S, Ali A, Lim CJ, Khan HA, Park J, Xu ZY, Yun DJ. The Transcriptional Corepressor HOS15 Mediates Dark-Induced Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828264. [PMID: 35283908 PMCID: PMC8914473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple endogenous and environmental signals regulate the intricate and highly complex processes driving leaf senescence in plants. A number of genes have been identified in a variety of plant species, including Arabidopsis, which influence leaf senescence. Previously, we have shown that HOS15 is a multifunctional protein that regulates several physiological processes, including plant growth and development under adverse environmental conditions. HOS15 has also been reported to form a chromatin remodeling complex with PWR and HDA9 and to regulate the chromatin structure of numerous genes. However, unlike PWR and HDA9, the involvement of HOS15 in leaf senescence is yet to be identified. Here, we report that HOS15, together with PWR and HDA9, promotes leaf senescence via transcriptional regulation of SAG12/29, senescence marker genes, and CAB1/RCBS1A, photosynthesis-related genes. The expression of ORE1, SAG12, and SAG29 was downregulated in hos15-2 plants, whereas the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, CAB1 and RCBS1A, was upregulated. HOS15 also promoted senescence through dark stress, as its mutation led to a much greener phenotype than that of the WT. Phenotypes of double and triple mutants of HOS15 with PWR and HDA9 produced phenotypes similar to those of a single hos15-2. In line with this observation, the expression levels of NPX1, APG9, and WRKY57 were significantly elevated in hos15-2 and hos15/pwr, hos15/hda9, and hos15/pwr/hda9 mutants compared to those in the WT. Surprisingly, the total H3 acetylation level decreased in age-dependent manner and under dark stress in WT; however, it remained the same in hos15-2 plants regardless of dark stress, suggesting that dark-induced deacetylation requires functional HOS15. More interestingly, the promoters of APG9, NPX1, and WRKY57 were hyperacetylated in hos15-2 plants compared to those in WT plants. Our data reveal that HOS15 acts as a positive regulator and works in the same repressor complex with PWR and HDA9 to promote leaf senescence through aging and dark stress by repressing NPX1, APG9, and WRKY57 acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shah Zareen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Chae Jin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haris Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junghoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Xie W, Li X, Wang S, Yuan M. OsWRKY53 Promotes Abscisic Acid Accumulation to Accelerate Leaf Senescence and Inhibit Seed Germination by Downregulating Abscisic Acid Catabolic Genes in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:816156. [PMID: 35154213 PMCID: PMC8828546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.816156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) largely promotes leaf senescence and inhibits seed germination in plants. Endogenous ABA content is finely tuned by many transcription factors. In this study, we showed that OsWRKY53 is a positive regulator of leaf senescence and a negative regulator of seed germination in rice. OsWRKY53 expression was induced in leaves under aging, dark, and ABA treatment. The OsWRKY53-overexpressing (OsWRKY53-oe) plants showed early yellowing leaves, while the OsWRKY53 (oswrky53) knockout mutants maintained green leaves than the wild type under natural, dark-induced, and ABA-induced senescence conditions. Transcriptional analysis revealed that ABA catabolic genes, namely, OsABA8ox1 and OsABA8ox2, two key genes participating in ABA catabolism harboring ABA 8'-hydroxylase activity, were markedly downregulated in OsWRKY53-oe leaves. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and protoplast transient assays revealed that OsWRKY53 directly bound to the promoters of OsABA8ox1 and OsABA8ox2 to repress their transcription, resulting in elevated endogenous ABA contents that promoted premature leaf senescence in the OsWRKY53-oe plants. It indicates that OsWRKY53 is a positive regulator through regulating ABA accumulation to promote leaf senescence. In addition, accumulated ABA simultaneously inhibited seed germination and post-germination growth in OsWRKY53-oe plants. Taken together, OsWRKY53 suppresses the transcript of ABA catabolic genes to promote ABA accumulation to modulate ABA-induced leaf senescence and ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination.
Collapse
|
87
|
Jia KP, Mi J, Ali S, Ohyanagi H, Moreno JC, Ablazov A, Balakrishna A, Berqdar L, Fiore A, Diretto G, Martínez C, de Lera AR, Gojobori T, Al-Babili S. An alternative, zeaxanthin epoxidase-independent abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:151-166. [PMID: 34547513 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important carotenoid-derived phytohormone that plays essential roles in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in various physiological and developmental processes. In Arabidopsis, ABA biosynthesis starts with the epoxidation of zeaxanthin by the ABA DEFICIENT 1 (ABA1) enzyme, leading to epoxycarotenoids; e.g., violaxanthin. The oxidative cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids, a key regulatory step catalyzed by 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE, forms xanthoxin, which is converted in further reactions mediated by ABA DEFICIENT 2 (ABA2), ABA DEFICIENT 3 (ABA3), and ABSCISIC ALDEHYDE OXIDASE 3 (AAO3) into ABA. By combining genetic and biochemical approaches, we unravel here an ABA1-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway starting upstream of zeaxanthin. We identified the carotenoid cleavage products (i.e., apocarotenoids, β-apo-11-carotenal, 9-cis-β-apo-11-carotenal, 3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal, and 9-cis-3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal) as intermediates of this ABA1-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway. Using labeled compounds, we showed that β-apo-11-carotenal, 9-cis-β-apo-11-carotenal, and 3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal are successively converted into 9-cis-3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal, xanthoxin, and finally into ABA in both Arabidopsis and rice. When applied to Arabidopsis, these β-apo-11-carotenoids exert ABA biological functions, such as maintaining seed dormancy and inducing the expression of ABA-responsive genes. Moreover, the transcriptomic analysis revealed a high overlap of differentially expressed genes regulated by β-apo-11-carotenoids and ABA, suggesting that β-apo-11-carotenoids exert ABA-independent regulatory activities. Taken together, our study identifies a biological function for the common plant metabolites, β-apo-11-carotenoids, extends our knowledge about ABA biosynthesis, and provides new insights into plant apocarotenoid metabolic networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Peng Jia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianing Mi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajime Ohyanagi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan C Moreno
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdugaffor Ablazov
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparna Balakrishna
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessia Fiore
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Química and CINBIO, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Química and CINBIO, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Lim J, Lim CW, Lee SC. Core Components of Abscisic Acid Signaling and Their Post-translational Modification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895698. [PMID: 35712559 PMCID: PMC9195418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that regulates plant growth, development, and abiotic/biotic stress responses. Under stress, ABA is synthesized in various plant organs, and it plays roles in diverse adaptive processes, including seed dormancy, growth inhibition, and leaf senescence, by modulating stomatal closure and gene expression. ABA receptor, clade A protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), and SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) proteins have been identified as core components of ABA signaling, which is initiated via perception of ABA with receptor and subsequent activation or inactivation by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. The findings of several recent studies have established that the post-translational modification of these components, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination/deubiquitination, play important roles in regulating their activity and stability. In this review, we discuss the functions of the core components of ABA signaling and the regulation of their activities via post-translational modification under normal and stress conditions.
Collapse
|
89
|
Abhilasha A, Roy Choudhury S. Molecular and Physiological Perspectives of Abscisic Acid Mediated Drought Adjustment Strategies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122769. [PMID: 34961239 PMCID: PMC8708728 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most prevalent unfavorable condition that impairs plant growth and development by altering morphological, physiological, and biochemical functions, thereby impeding plant biomass production. To survive the adverse effects, water limiting condition triggers a sophisticated adjustment mechanism orchestrated mainly by hormones that directly protect plants via the stimulation of several signaling cascades. Predominantly, water deficit signals cause the increase in the level of endogenous ABA, which elicits signaling pathways involving transcription factors that enhance resistance mechanisms to combat drought-stimulated damage in plants. These responses mainly include stomatal closure, seed dormancy, cuticular wax deposition, leaf senescence, and alteration of the shoot and root growth. Unraveling how plants adjust to drought could provide valuable information, and a comprehensive understanding of the resistance mechanisms will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under water limiting conditions. This review deals with the past and recent updates of ABA-mediated molecular mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenges of drought stress.
Collapse
|
90
|
Kim JY, Loo EPI, Pang TY, Lercher M, Frommer WB, Wudick MM. Cellular export of sugars and amino acids: role in feeding other cells and organisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1893-1914. [PMID: 34015139 PMCID: PMC8644676 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose, hexoses, and raffinose play key roles in the plant metabolism. Sucrose and raffinose, produced by photosynthesis, are translocated from leaves to flowers, developing seeds and roots. Translocation occurs in the sieve elements or sieve tubes of angiosperms. But how is sucrose loaded into and unloaded from the sieve elements? There seem to be two principal routes: one through plasmodesmata and one via the apoplasm. The best-studied transporters are the H+/SUCROSE TRANSPORTERs (SUTs) in the sieve element-companion cell complex. Sucrose is delivered to SUTs by SWEET sugar uniporters that release these key metabolites into the apoplasmic space. The H+/amino acid permeases and the UmamiT amino acid transporters are hypothesized to play analogous roles as the SUT-SWEET pair to transport amino acids. SWEETs and UmamiTs also act in many other important processes-for example, seed filling, nectar secretion, and pollen nutrition. We present information on cell type-specific enrichment of SWEET and UmamiT family members and propose several members to play redundant roles in the efflux of sucrose and amino acids across different cell types in the leaf. Pathogens hijack SWEETs and thus represent a major susceptibility of the plant. Here, we provide an update on the status of research on intercellular and long-distance translocation of key metabolites such as sucrose and amino acids, communication of the plants with the root microbiota via root exudates, discuss the existence of transporters for other important metabolites and provide potential perspectives that may direct future research activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kim
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Eliza P -I Loo
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Tin Yau Pang
- Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Martin Lercher
- Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michael M Wudick
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Karia P, Yoshioka K, Moeder W. Multiple phosphorylation events of the mitochondrial membrane protein TTM1 regulate cell death during senescence. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:766-780. [PMID: 34409658 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in programmed cell death (PCD) during animal growth and development is well documented, but much less is known for plants. We previously showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme (TTM) proteins TTM1 and TTM2 are tail-anchored proteins that localize in the mitochondrial outer membrane and participate in PCD during senescence and immunity, respectively. Here, we show that TTM1 is specifically involved in senescence induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover, phosphorylation of TTM1 by multiple mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases regulates its function and turnover. A combination of proteomics and in vitro kinase assays revealed three major phosphorylation sites of TTM1 (Ser10, Ser437, and Ser490). Ser437, which is phosphorylated upon perception of senescence cues such as ABA and prolonged darkness, is phosphorylated by the MAP kinases MPK3 and MPK4, and Ser437 phosphorylation is essential for TTM1 function in senescence. These MPKs, together with three additional MAP kinases (MPK1, MPK7, and MPK6), also phosphorylate Ser10 and Ser490, marking TTM1 for protein turnover, which likely prevents uncontrolled cell death. Taken together, our results show that multiple MPKs regulate the function and turnover of the mitochondrial protein TTM1 during senescence-associated cell death, revealing a novel link between mitochondria and PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purva Karia
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Zou J, Lü P, Jiang L, Liu K, Zhang T, Chen J, Yao Y, Cui Y, Gao J, Zhang C. Regulation of rose petal dehydration tolerance and senescence by RhNAP transcription factor via the modulation of cytokinin catabolism. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:13. [PMID: 37789474 PMCID: PMC10515265 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Petals and leaves share common evolutionary origins but have different phenotypic characteristics, such as the absence of stomata in the petals of most angiosperm species. Plant NAC transcription factor, NAP, is involved in ABA responses and regulates senescence-associated genes, and especially those that affect stomatal movement. However, the regulatory mechanisms and significance of NAP action in senescing astomatous petals is unclear. A major limiting factor is failure of flower opening and accelerated senescence. Our goal is to understand the finely regulatory mechanism of dehydration tolerance and aging in rose flowers. We functionally characterized RhNAP, an AtNAP-like transcription factor gene that is induced by dehydration and aging in astomatous rose petals. Cytokinins (CKs) are known to delay petal senescence and we found that a cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene 6 (RhCKX6) shares similar expression patterns with RhNAP. Silencing of RhNAP or RhCKX6 expression in rose petals by virus induced gene silencing markedly reduced petal dehydration tolerance and delayed petal senescence. Endogenous CK levels in RhNAP- or RhCKX6-silenced petals were significantly higher than those of the control. Moreover, RhCKX6 expression was reduced in RhNAP-silenced petals. This suggests that the expression of RhCKX6 is regulated by RhNAP. Yeast one-hybrid experiments and electrophoresis mobility shift assays showed that RhNAP binds to the RhCKX6 promoter in heterologous in vivo system and in vitro, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of putative signal transduction and downstream genes of ABA-signaling pathways were also reduced due to the repression of PP2C homolog genes by RhNAP in rose petals. Taken together, our study indicates that the RhNAP/RhCKX6 interaction represents a regulatory step enhancing dehydration tolerance in young rose petals and accelerating senescence in mature petals in a stomata-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peitao Lü
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yusen Cui
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Lu S, Chai L, Ye J, Deng X. Citrus transcription factor CsHB5 regulates abscisic acid biosynthetic genes and promotes senescence. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:151-168. [PMID: 34414618 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a gradual physiological process involving the integration of numerous internal and environmental signals. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-known inducer of senescence. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated senescence remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the citrus homeodomain leucine zipper I (HD-ZIP I) transcription factor CsHB5 functions as a regulator of ABA-triggered senescence. CsHB5 acts as a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, the expression of which appeared to be closely associated with citrus senescence. Overexpression of CsHB5 in citrus calli upregulated the expression of ABA- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes, and significantly increased the content of ABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), whereas silencing CsHB5 in citrus calli downregulated the expression of ABA-related genes. Additionally, heterogenous overexpression of CsHB5 in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leads to early leaf yellowing under dark-induced senescence conditions. Meanwhile, the levels of ABA and H2 O2 in transgenic tomatoes increased significantly and the lycopene content decreased. Transcriptome analysis of CsHB5-overexpressing citrus calli and tomato showed that CsHB5 was involved in multiple senescence-associated processes, including chlorophyll degradation, nutrient compound biosynthesis and transport, as well as ABA and ROS signal transduction. The results of yeast one-hybrid assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual luciferase assays indicated that CsHB5 directly binds to the promoters of ABA biosynthetic genes, including β-carotene hydroxylase 1 (BCH1) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), thereby activating their transcription. Our findings revealed that CsHB5 participates in senescence, at least partly, by directly controlling ABA accumulation. Our work provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Yu Y, Qi Y, Xu J, Dai X, Chen J, Dong CH, Xiang F. Arabidopsis WRKY71 regulates ethylene-mediated leaf senescence by directly activating EIN2, ORE1 and ACS2 genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1819-1836. [PMID: 34296474 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a pivotal step in the last stage of the plant life cycle and is influenced by various external and endogenous cues. A series of reports have indicated the involvement of the WRKY transcription factors in regulating leaf senescence, but the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways remain largely unclear. Here we provide evidence demonstrating that WRKY71 acts as a positive regulator of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. WRKY71-1D, an overexpressor of WRKY71, exhibited early leaf senescence, while wrky71-1, the WRKY71 loss-of-function mutant, displayed delayed leaf senescence. Accordingly, a set of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) were substantially elevated in WRKY71-1D but markedly decreased in wrky71-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that WRKY71 can bind directly to the promoters of SAG13 and SAG201. Transcriptome analysis suggested that WRKY71 might mediate multiple cues to accelerate leaf senescence, such as abiotic stresses, dark and ethylene. WRKY71 was ethylene inducible, and treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid enhanced leaf senescence in WRKY71-1D but caused only a marginal delay in leaf senescence in wrky71-1. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that WRKY71 can directly regulate ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) and ORESARA1 (ORE1), genes of the ethylene signaling pathway. Consistently, leaf senescence of WRKY71-1D was obviously retarded in the ein2-5 and nac2-1 mutants. Moreover, WRKY71 was also proved to interact with ACS2 in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with AgNO3 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine and acs2-1 could greatly arrest the leaf senescence of WRKY71-1D. In conclusion, our data revealed that WRKY71 mediates ethylene signaling and synthesis to hasten leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchong Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanan Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xuehuan Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chun-Hai Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Liu W, Chen G, Chen J, Jahan MS, Guo S, Wang Y, Sun J. Overexpression of 7-hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase from Cucumber in Tobacco Accelerates Dark-Induced Chlorophyll Degradation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10091820. [PMID: 34579353 PMCID: PMC8465020 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll (Chl) a reductase (HCAR) plays critical roles in the Chl cycle and degradation during leaf senescence, however, its function in horticultural crops remains unknown. Here, we identified an HCAR gene (CsHCAR) from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and investigated its roles in response to dark-induced Chl degradation. CsHCAR encoded 459 amino acids, which were orthologous to Arabidopsis HCAR, had the conserved domains, and localized in the chloroplast. Gene expression analysis showed that CsHCAR expression was the highest in senescent leaves and was responsive to different stresses and phytohormone treatments. Overexpression of CsHCAR in tobacco accelerated dark-induced Chl degradation through enhancing the expression of Chl catabolic genes. After 10 d of darkness treatment, the biomass of CsHCAR overexpression plants was reduced. Furthermore, the value of net photosynthetic rate, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, and effective quantum yield of photosystem II in CsHCAR overexpression plants was significantly reduced in comparison to that in wild-type (WT) plants. The photosynthetic protein content, including Lhcb1, Lhcb2, Lhcb4, RbcS, and RbcL in CsHCAR overexpression plants exhibited a lower level as compared to that observed in WT plants. In addition, the expression of genes encoding these proteins in CsHCAR overexpression plants was significantly lower than that in WT plants. Moreover, CsHCAR overexpression plants inhibited the dark-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results indicate that CsHCAR affects the stability of photosynthetic proteins in chloroplasts, positively regulates Chl degradation, and plays an important role in maintaining ROS homeostasis in leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Wang
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Jin Sun
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Lee BR, Zaman R, La VH, Bae DW, Kim TH. Ethephon-Induced Ethylene Enhances Starch Degradation and Sucrose Transport with an Interactive Abscisic Acid-Mediated Manner in Mature Leaves of Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1670. [PMID: 34451716 PMCID: PMC8400741 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The leaf senescence process is characterized by the degradation of macromolecules in mature leaves and the remobilization of degradation products via phloem transport. The phytohormone ethylene mediates leaf senescence. This study aimed to investigate the ethephon-induced ethylene effects on starch degradation and sucrose remobilization through their interactive regulation with other hormones. Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) was used as an ethylene-generating agent. Endogenous hormonal status, carbohydrate compounds, starch degradation-related gene expression, sucrose transporter gene expression, and phloem sucrose loading were compared between the ethephon-treated plants and controls. Foliar ethephon spray enhanced the endogenous ethylene concentration and accelerated leaf senescence, as evidenced by reduced chlorophyll content and enhanced expression of the senescence-related gene SAG12. Ethephon-enhanced ethylene prominently enhanced the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level. accompanied with upregulation of ABA synthesis gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED3), ABA receptor gene pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1), and ABA signaling genes sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), ABA-responsive element binding 2 (AREB2), and basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (MYC2).) Ethephon treatment decreased starch content by enhancing expression of the starch degradation-related genes α-amylase 3 (AMY3) and β-amylase 1 (BAM1), resulting in an increase in sucrose content in phloem exudates with enhanced expression of sucrose transporters, SUT1, SUT4, and SWEET11. These results suggest that a synergistic interaction between ethylene and ABA might account for sucrose accumulation, mainly due to starch degradation in mature leaves and sucrose phloem loading in the ethephon-induced senescent leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Rashed Zaman
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Van Hien La
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang, Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Updates on the Role of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) and ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTORs (ABFs) in ABA Signaling in Different Developmental Stages in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081996. [PMID: 34440762 PMCID: PMC8394461 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway consists of receptors, phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors, among them ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) and ABRE BINDING FACTORs/ABRE-BINDING PROTEINs (ABFs/AREBs), which belong to the BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER (bZIP) family and control expression of stress-responsive genes. ABI5 is mostly active in seeds and prevents germination and post-germinative growth under unfavorable conditions. The activity of ABI5 is controlled at transcriptional and protein levels, depending on numerous regulators, including components of other phytohormonal pathways. ABFs/AREBs act redundantly in regulating genes that control physiological processes in response to stress during vegetative growth. In this review, we focus on recent reports regarding ABI5 and ABFs/AREBs functions during abiotic stress responses, which seem to be partially overlapping and not restricted to one developmental stage in Arabidopsis and other species. Moreover, we point out that ABI5 and ABFs/AREBs play a crucial role in the core ABA pathway’s feedback regulation. In this review, we also discuss increased stress tolerance of transgenic plants overexpressing genes encoding ABA-dependent bZIPs. Taken together, we show that ABI5 and ABFs/AREBs are crucial ABA-dependent transcription factors regulating processes essential for plant adaptation to stress at different developmental stages.
Collapse
|
98
|
Chilling Requirement Validation and Physiological and Molecular Responses of the Bud Endodormancy Release in Paeonia lactiflora 'Meiju'. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168382. [PMID: 34445086 PMCID: PMC8395073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) in low-latitude areas is of great significance to expand the landscape application of this world-famous ornamental. With the hazards of climate warming, warm winters occurs frequently, which makes many excellent northern herbaceous peony cultivars unable to meet their chilling requirements (CR) and leads to their poor growth and flowering in southern China. Exploring the endodormancy release mechanism of underground buds is crucial for improving low-CR cultivar screening and breeding. A systematic study was conducted on P. lactiflora 'Meiju', a screened cultivar with a typical low-CR trait introduced from northern China, at the morphological, physiological and molecular levels. The CR value of 'Meiju' was further verified as 677.5 CUs based on the UT model and morphological observation. As a kind of signal transducer, reactive oxygen species (ROS) released a signal to enter dormancy, which led to corresponding changes in carbohydrate and hormone metabolism in buds, thus promoting underground buds to acquire strong cold resistance and enter endodormancy. The expression of important genes related to ABA metabolism, such as NCED3, PP2C, CBF4 and ABF2, reached peaks at the critical stage of endodormancy release (9 January) and then decreased rapidly; the expression of the GA2ox8 gene related to GA synthesis increased significantly in the early stage of endodormancy release and decreased rapidly after the release of ecodormancy (23 January). Cytological observation showed that the period when the sugar and starch contents decreased and the ABA/GA ratio decreased was when 'Meiju' bud endodormancy was released. This study reveals the endodormancy regulation mechanism of 'Meiju' buds with the low-CR trait, which lays a theoretical foundation for breeding new herbaceous peony cultivars with the low-CR trait.
Collapse
|
99
|
Lim CW, Baek W, Lim J, Hong E, Lee SC. Pepper ubiquitin-specific protease, CaUBP12, positively modulates dehydration resistance by enhancing CaSnRK2.6 stability. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1148-1165. [PMID: 34145668 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that activates adaptive mechanisms to environmental stress conditions. Plant adaptive mechanisms are complex and highly modulated processes induced by stress-responsive proteins; however, the precise mechanisms by which these processes function under adverse conditions remain unclear. Here, we isolated CaUBP12 (Capsicum annuum ubiquitin-specific protease 12) from pepper (C. annuum) leaves. We show that CaUBP12 expression is significantly induced after exposure to abiotic stress treatments. We conducted loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic studies to elucidate the biological functions of CaUBP12 in response to ABA and dehydration stress. CaUBP12-silenced pepper plants and CaUBP12-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants displayed dehydration-sensitive and dehydration-tolerant phenotypes, respectively; these phenotypes were characterized by regulation of transpirational water loss and stomatal aperture. Under dehydration stress conditions, CaUBP12-silenced pepper plants and CaUBP12-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited lower and higher expression levels of stress-related genes, respectively, than the control plants. We isolated a CaUBP12 interaction protein, CaSnRK2.6, which is a homolog of Arabidopsis OST1; degradation of this protein was partially inhibited by CaUBP12. Similar to CaUBP12-silenced pepper plants and CaUBP12-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants, CaSnRK2.6-silenced pepper plants and CaSnRK2.6-overexpressing Arabidopsis displayed dehydration-sensitive and dehydration-tolerant phenotypes, respectively. Our findings suggest that CaUBP12 positively modulates the dehydration stress response by suppressing CaSnRK2.6 protein degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsub Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Hong
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Xie Z, Yu G, Lei S, Zhang C, Bin Xu, Huang B. CCCH protein-PvCCCH69 acted as a repressor for leaf senescence through suppressing ABA-signaling pathway. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:165. [PMID: 34234106 PMCID: PMC8263708 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CCCH is a subfamily of zinc finger proteins involved in plant growth, development, and stresses response. The function of CCCH in regulating leaf senescence, especially its roles in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated leaf senescence is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine functions and mechanisms of CCCH gene in regulating leaf senescence in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). A CCCH gene, PvCCCH69 (PvC3H69), was cloned from switchgrass. Overexpressing PvC3H69 in rice suppressed both natural senescence with leaf aging and dark-induced leaf senescence. Endogenous ABA content, ABA biosynthesis genes (NCED3, NCED5, and AAO3), and ABA signaling-related genes (SnRKs, ABI5, and ABF2/3/4) exhibited significantly lower levels in senescencing leaves of PvC3H69-OE plants than those in WT plants. PvC3H69-suppression of leaf senescence was associated with transcriptional upregulation of genes mainly involved in the light-dependent process of photosynthesis, including light-harvesting complex proteins, PSI proteins, and PSII proteins and downregulation of ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes and senescence-associated genes. PvC3H69 could act as a repressor for leaf senescence via upregulating photosynthetic proteins and repressing ABA synthesis and ABA signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheni Xie
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Guohui Yu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Shanshan Lei
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|