51
|
Pesarico AP, Chagas PM, Nacher J. Editorial: Animal Models of Stress - Current Knowledge and Potential Directions. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:655214. [PMID: 33664658 PMCID: PMC7920965 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.655214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Basu T, Maguire J, Salpekar JA. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis targets for the treatment of epilepsy. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135618. [PMID: 33429002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a common seizure trigger in persons with epilepsy. The body's physiological response to stress is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and involves a hormonal cascade that includes corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone (ACTH) and the release of cortisol (in humans and primates) or corticosterone (in rodents). The prolonged exposure to stress hormones may not only exacerbate pre-existing medical conditions including epilepsy, but may also increase the predisposition to psychiatric comorbidities. Hyperactivity of the HPA axis negatively impacts the structure and function of the temporal lobe of the brain, a region that is heavily involved in epilepsy and mood disorders like anxiety and depression. Seizures themselves damage temporal lobe structures, further disinhibiting the HPA axis, setting off a vicious cycle of neuronal damage and increasing susceptibility for subsequent seizures and psychiatric comorbidity. Treatments targeting the HPA axis may be beneficial both for epilepsy and for associated stress-related comorbidities such as anxiety or depression. This paper will highlight the evidence demonstrating dysfunction in the HPA axis associated with epilepsy which may contribute to the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and epilepsy, and propose treatment strategies that may dually improve seizure control as well as alleviate stress related psychiatric comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trina Basu
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Jamie Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Jay A Salpekar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
He Y, Xu B, Chen Y, Liu L, Xu L, Chen Y, Long D. Early-life adversity selectively interrupts the dendritic differentiation of dorsolateral striatal neurons in male mice. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:397-414. [PMID: 33386419 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of early-life adversity (ELA) on dendritic differentiation of striatal neurons were investigated in the dorsal striatum including the dorsomedial striatum and dorsolateral striatum (DMS and DLS, respectively). An animal model of ELA was created by changing the growth environment of newborn mouse pups by giving limited bedding and nesting materials from postnatal day 2 to day 9 (P2-P9). One week after the stress paradigm (P16), the dendritic branches and spines of striatal spiny neurons as well as the synapses represented by postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in DMS and DLS were stereologically analyzed. Adverse experience in early life selectively affected the spiny neurons in DLS, leading to abundant proximal dendritic branches and an increased number of filopodia-like protrusions, but a reduced number of dendritic spines. The selective effects of stress on neurons in DLS were further identified by reduced expression of PSD-95, including a reduced optical density of PSD-95 immunoreactivity and fewer individual PSD-95 immunoreactive synapses in this region. Notably, stress in early life affected either D1 or D2 dopamine receptor-expressing DLS neurons. These findings suggest that adverse early-life experience delayed the maturation of dendritic spines on neurons in the dorsolateral striatum. Altered dendritic differentiation provoked by stress in early life may contribute critically to the formation of proper neuronal circuits in the dorsal striatum and, therefore, affect striatum-dependent habitual behavior and emotional function later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434023, China
| | - Benke Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434023, China.,Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434020, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Medical Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434023, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yuncai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Dahong Long
- Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Cannady R, Nguyen T, Padula AE, Rinker JA, Lopez MF, Becker HC, Woodward JJ, Mulholland PJ. Interaction of chronic intermittent ethanol and repeated stress on structural and functional plasticity in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 2021; 182:108396. [PMID: 33181147 PMCID: PMC7942177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a risk factor that plays a considerable role in the development and maintenance of alcohol (ethanol) abuse and relapse. Preclinical studies examining ethanol-stress interactions have demonstrated elevated ethanol drinking, cognitive deficits, and negative affective behaviors in mice. However, the neural adaptations in prefrontal cortical regions that drive these aberrant behaviors produced by ethanol-stress interactions are unknown. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) and repeated forced swim stress (FSS). After two cycles of CIE x FSS, brain slices containing the prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IfL) cortex were prepared for analysis of adaptations in dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity. In the PrL cortex, total spine density was increased in mice exposed to CIE. Immediately following induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), the fEPSP slope was increased in the PrL of CIE x FSS treated mice, indicative of a presynaptic adaptation on post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). In the IfL cortex, CIE exposure regardless of FSS experience resulted in an increase in spine density. FSS alone or when combined with CIE exposure increased PTP following LTP induction. Repeated FSS episodes increased IfL cortical paired-pulse facilitation, a second measure of presynaptic plasticity. In summary, CIE exposure resulted in structural adaptations while repeated stress exposure drove metaplastic changes in presynaptic function, demonstrating distinct morphological and functional changes in PrL and IfL cortical neurons. Thus, the structural and functional adaptations may be one mechanism underlying the development of excessive drinking and cognitive deficits associated with ethanol-stress interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Cannady
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Barnes Hall 215, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Audrey E Padula
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rinker
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Marcelo F Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Howard C Becker
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - John J Woodward
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Patrick J Mulholland
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Understanding stress: Insights from rodent models. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2:100013. [PMID: 36246514 PMCID: PMC9559100 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Through incorporating both physical and psychological forms of stressors, a variety of rodent models have provided important insights into the understanding of stress physiology. Rodent models also have provided significant information with regards to the mechanistic basis of the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders such as anxiety disorders, depressive illnesses, cognitive impairment and post-traumatic stress disorder. Additionally, rodent models of stress have served as valuable tools in the area of drug screening and drug development for treatment of stress-induced conditions. Although rodent models do not accurately reproduce the biochemical or physiological parameters of stress response and cannot fully mimic the natural progression of human disorders, yet, animal research has provided answers to many important scientific questions. In this review article, important studies utilizing a variety of stress models are described in terms of their design and apparatus, with specific focus on their capabilities to generate reliable behavioral and biochemical read-out. The review focusses on the utility of rodent models by discussing examples in the literature that offer important mechanistic insights into physiologically relevant questions. The review highlights the utility of rodent models of stress as important tools for advancing the mission of scientific research and inquiry. Stressful life events may lead to the onset of severe psychopathologies in humans. Rodents may model many features of stress exposure in human populations. Induction of stress via pharmacological and psychological manipulations alter rodent behavior. Mechanistic rodent studies reveal key molecular targets critical for new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
56
|
Garrido A, De La Serna M, De La Fuente M, Marco EM, López-Gallardo M. Neuronal and glial region dependent changes in female mice from a model of premature aging. Exp Gerontol 2020; 146:111224. [PMID: 33388380 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult Premature Aging Mice (PAM) show premature immunosenescence, oxidative and inflammatory stress and consequently a shorter lifespan than Exceptional Non-Prematurely Aging Mice (E-NPAM) at the same age. Indeed, adult female PAM exhibit behavioral age-related declines and abnormalities in its brain neurochemistry. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether these impairments might be accompanied by previous changes related to the neuroinflammation process in their central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, the aim of the present work was to determine if adult female PAM may show brain neuroinflammation processes comparable to those observed in chronologically old female mice. Accordingly, ICR-CD1 female mice were classified in PAM, Regular Non-Prematurely Aging Mice (R-NPAM) and E-NPAM and compared to a group of chronologically old female mice (OLD) (24±1 months). Through the application of immunohistochemical techniques we evaluated changes in the expression of NeuN (a neuronal marker), Iba-1 (a microglia marker) and GFAP (an astrocyte marker) in brain areas related to the behavioral alterations previously detected in both PAM and chronologically old mice. In general, PAM showed a lower NeuN expression and a higher GFAP and Iba1 expression mainly in the Anterior Frontal Cortex and in the Medial Hippocampal Formation, when compared to E-NPAM; similar changes were observed in OLD. Other brain areas, such as the Hypothalamic Nuclei and Motor Cortex were less affected. In conclusion, adult PAM and OLD female mice share some region-dependent neuronal and glial changes that may underlie, at least in part, some of the behavioral abnormalities previously reported in these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garrido
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano De La Serna
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De La Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva María Marco
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Saha R, Kriebel M, Anunu R, Volkmer H, Richter-Levin G. Intra-amygdala metaplasticity modulation of fear extinction learning. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 55:2455-2463. [PMID: 33305403 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala is a key brain region involved in emotional memory formation. It is also responsible for memory modulation in other brain areas. Under extreme conditions, amygdala modulation may lead to the generation of abnormal plasticity and trauma-related psychopathologies. However, the amygdala itself is a dynamic brain region, which is amenable to long-term plasticity and is affected by emotional experiences. These alterations may modify the way the amygdala modulates activity and plasticity in other related brain regions, which in turn may alter the animal's response to subsequent challenges in what could be termed as "Behavioral metaplasticity."Because of the reciprocal interactions between the amygdala and other emotion processing regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or the hippocampus, experience-induced intra-amygdala metaplasticity could lead to alterations in mPFC-dependent or hippocampus-dependent behaviors. While initiated by alterations within the basolateral amygdala (BLA), such alterations in other brain regions may come to be independent of BLA modulation, thus establishing what may be termed "Trans-regional metaplasticity." In this article, we review evidence supporting the notions of intra-BLA metaplasticity and how this may develop into "Trans-regional metaplasticity." Future research is needed to understand how such dynamic metaplastic alterations contribute to developing psychopathologies, and how this knowledge may be translated into promoting novel interventions in psychopathologies associated with fear, stress, and trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Saha
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Martin Kriebel
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rachel Anunu
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hansjuergen Volkmer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Weger M, Alpern D, Cherix A, Ghosal S, Grosse J, Russeil J, Gruetter R, de Kloet ER, Deplancke B, Sandi C. Mitochondrial gene signature in the prefrontal cortex for differential susceptibility to chronic stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18308. [PMID: 33110158 PMCID: PMC7591539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction was highlighted as a crucial vulnerability factor for the development of depression. However, systemic studies assessing stress-induced changes in mitochondria-associated genes in brain regions relevant to depression symptomatology remain scarce. Here, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic study to examine mitochondrial gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice exposed to multimodal chronic restraint stress. We identified mitochondria-associated gene pathways as most prominently affected in the PFC and with lesser significance in the NAc. A more detailed mitochondrial gene expression analysis revealed that in particular mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes were altered in the PFC. The comparison of our data with a reanalyzed transcriptome data set of chronic variable stress mice and major depression disorder subjects showed that the changes in mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes are a feature generalizing to other chronic stress-protocols as well and might have translational relevance. Finally, we provide evidence for changes in mitochondrial outputs in the PFC following chronic stress that are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, our work reinforces the idea that changes in mitochondrial gene expression are key players in the prefrontal adaptations observed in individuals with high behavioral susceptibility and resilience to chronic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Weger
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Alpern
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Cherix
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Departement of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Premachandran H, Zhao M, Arruda-Carvalho M. Sex Differences in the Development of the Rodent Corticolimbic System. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:583477. [PMID: 33100964 PMCID: PMC7554619 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.583477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown sex differences in the prevalence and symptomatology of psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety, and fear-related disorders, all of which show high incidence rates in early life. This has highlighted the importance of including female subjects in animal studies, as well as delineating sex differences in neural processing across development. Of particular interest is the corticolimbic system, comprising the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex. In rodents, these corticolimbic regions undergo dynamic changes in early life, and disruption to their normative development is believed to underlie the age and sex-dependent effects of stress on affective processing. In this review, we consolidate research on sex differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex across early development. First, we briefly introduce current principles on sexual differentiation of the rodent brain. We then showcase corticolimbic regional sex differences in volume, morphology, synaptic organization, cell proliferation, microglia, and GABAergic signaling, and explain how these differences are influenced by perinatal and pubertal gonadal hormones. In compiling this research, we outline evidence of what and when sex differences emerge in the developing corticolimbic system, and illustrate how temporal dynamics of its maturational trajectory may differ in male and female rodents. This will help provide insight into potential neural mechanisms underlying sex-specific critical windows for stress susceptibility and behavioral emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mudi Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maithe Arruda-Carvalho
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Lou T, Ma J, Wang Z, Terakoshi Y, Lee CY, Asher G, Cao L, Chen Z, Sakurai K, Liu Q. Hyper-Activation of mPFC Underlies Specific Traumatic Stress-Induced Sleep-Wake EEG Disturbances. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:883. [PMID: 32973436 PMCID: PMC7461881 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances have been recognized as a core symptom of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). However, the neural basis of PTSD-related sleep disturbances remains unclear. It has been challenging to establish the causality link between a specific brain region and traumatic stress-induced sleep abnormalities. Here, we found that single prolonged stress (SPS) could induce acute changes in sleep/wake duration as well as short- and long-term electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations in the isogenic mouse model. Moreover, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) showed persistent high number of c-fos expressing neurons, of which more than 95% are excitatory neurons, during and immediately after SPS. Chemogenetic inhibition of the prelimbic region of mPFC during SPS could specifically reverse the SPS-induced acute suppression of delta power (1–4 Hz EEG) of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) as well as most of long-term EEG abnormalities. These findings suggest a causality link between hyper-activation of mPFC neurons and traumatic stress-induced specific sleep–wake EEG disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lou
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jing Ma
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuka Terakoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Greg Asher
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Liqin Cao
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (TIMBR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Katsuyasu Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Qinghua Liu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (TIMBR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Lamanna J, Isotti F, Ferro M, Racchetti G, Anchora L, Rucco D, Malgaroli A. Facilitation of dopamine-dependent long-term potentiation in the medial prefrontal cortex of male rats follows the behavioral effects of stress. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:662-678. [PMID: 32954528 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of stress on animal behavior and brain activity has been attracting growing attention in the last decades. Stress dramatically affects several aspects of animal behavior, including motivation and cognitive functioning, and has been used to model human pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder. A key question is whether stress alters the plastic potential of synaptic circuits. In this work, we evaluated if stress affects dopamine (DA)-dependent synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). On male adolescent rats, we characterized anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors using behavioral testing before and after exposure to a mild stress (elevated platform, EP). After the behavioral protocols, we investigated DA-dependent long-term potentiation (DA-LTP) and depression (DA-LTD) on acute slices of mPFC and evaluated the activation of DA-producing brain regions by western and dot blot analysis. We show that exposure to the EP stress enhances DA-LTP and that desipramine (DMI) treatment abolishes this effect. We also found that DA-LTD is not affected by EP stress unless when this is followed by DMI treatment. In addition, EP stress reduces anxiety, an effect abolished by both DMI and ketamine, while motivation is promoted by previous exposure to EP stress independently of pharmacological treatments. Finally, this form of stress reduces the expression of the early gene cFOS in the ventral tegmental area. These findings support the idea that mild stressors can promote synaptic plasticity in PFC through a dopaminergic mechanism, an effect that might increase the sensitivity of mPFC to subsequent stressful experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lamanna
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Isotti
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Ferro
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Racchetti
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lavinia Anchora
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Rucco
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Deonaraine KK, Wang Q, Cheng H, Chan KL, Lin HY, Liu K, Parise LF, Cathomas F, Leclair KB, Flanigan ME, Li L, Aleyasin H, Guevara C, Hao K, Zhang B, Russo SJ, Wang J. Sex-specific peripheral and central responses to stress-induced depression and treatment in a mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2541-2553. [PMID: 32918293 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder affects ~20% of the world population and is characterized by strong sexual dimorphism with females being two to three times more likely to develop this disorder. Previously, we demonstrated that a combination therapy with dihydrocaffeic acid and malvidin-glucoside to synergistically target peripheral inflammation and stress-induced synaptic maladaptation in the brain was effective in alleviating chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like phenotype in male mice. Here, we test the combination therapy in a female CSDS model for depression and compared sex-specific responses to stress in the periphery and the central nervous system. Similar to male mice, the combination treatment is also effective in promoting resilience against the CSDS-induced depression-like behavior in female mice. However, there are sex-specific differences in peripheral immune responses and differential gene regulation in the prefrontal cortex to chronic stress and to the treatment. These data indicate that while therapeutic approaches to combat stress-related disorders may be effective in both sexes, the mechanisms underlying these effects differ, emphasizing the need for inclusion of both sexes in preclinical studies using animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Deonaraine
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi-Scale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenny L Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kalena Liu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lyonna F Parise
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flurin Cathomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine B Leclair
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Aleyasin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Guevara
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi-Scale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Fukumoto K, Fogaça MV, Liu RJ, Duman CH, Li XY, Chaki S, Duman RS. Medial PFC AMPA receptor and BDNF signaling are required for the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects of 5-HT 1A receptor stimulation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1725-1734. [PMID: 32396921 PMCID: PMC7419563 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the serotonergic system is important for the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, which produces rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In particular, selective stimulation of the 5-HT1A receptor in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as opposed to the somatic 5-HT1A autoreceptor, has been shown to play a critical role in the antidepressant-like actions of ketamine. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying mPFC 5-HT1A receptor-mediated antidepressant-like effects are not fully understood. Here we examined the involvement of the glutamate AMPA receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the antidepressant-like effects of 5-HT1A receptor activation in the mPFC. The results show that intra-mPFC infusion of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT induces rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim, novelty-suppressed feeding, female urine sniffing, and chronic unpredictable stress tests. In addition, the results demonstrate that the antidepressant-like effects of intra-mPFC infusion of 8-OH-DPAT are blocked by co-infusion of an AMPA receptor antagonist or an anti-BDNF neutralizing antibody. In addition, mPFC infusion of 8-OH-DPAT increased the phosphorylation of signaling proteins downstream of BDNF, including mTOR, ERK, 4EBP1, and p70S6K. Finally, selective stimulation of the 5-HT1A receptor increased levels of synaptic proteins and synaptic function in the mPFC. Collectively, these results indicate that selective stimulation of 5-HT1A receptor in the mPFC exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects via activation of AMPA receptor/BDNF/mTOR signaling in mice, which subsequently increase synaptic function in the mPFC, and provide evidence for the 5-HT1A receptor as a target for the treatment of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Fukumoto
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-9530, Japan.
| | - Manoela V. Fogaça
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Rong-Jian Liu
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Catharine H. Duman
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Shigeyuki Chaki
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530 Japan
| | - Ronald S. Duman
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Amygdala-Prefrontal Structural Connectivity Mediates the Relationship between Prenatal Depression and Behavior in Preschool Boys. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6969-6977. [PMID: 32788182 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0481-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal depression is common, underrecognized, and undertreated. It has negative consequences on child behavior and brain development, yet the relationships among prenatal depression, child behavior, and children's brain structure remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether altered brain connectivity mediates relationships between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior. This study included 54 human mother-child pairs. Mothers completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. Their children had diffusion MRI at age 4.1 ± 0.8 years, and children's behavior was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist within 6 months of their MRI scan. Structural brain connectivity of the amygdala, fornix, uncinate fasciculus, and cingulum was assessed using fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity and analyzed with maternal prenatal depressive symptoms as well as child behavior. Third trimester maternal Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores were positively associated with mean diffusivity in the amygdala-frontal tract and the cingulum, controlling for postpartum depression. Externalizing behavior had a sex interaction in the amygdala-frontal pathway; weaker connectivity (lower fractional anisotropy, higher mean diffusivity) was associated with worse behavior in boys. Amygdala-frontal connectivity mediated the relationship between third trimester depressive symptoms and child externalizing behavior in males. These findings suggest that altered brain structure is a mechanism via which prenatal depressive symptoms can impact child behavior, highlighting the importance of both recognition and intervention in prenatal depression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding how prenatal maternal depression impacts child behavior is critical for appropriately treating prenatal maternal mental health problems and improving child outcomes. Here, we show white matter changes in young children exposed to maternal prenatal depressive symptoms. Children of mothers with worse depressive symptoms had weaker white matter connectivity between areas related to emotional processing. Furthermore, connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex mediated the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and externalizing behavior in boys, showing that altered brain structure is a possible mechanism via which maternal prenatal depression impacts children's behavior. This provides important information for understanding why children of depressed mothers may be more vulnerable to depression themselves and may help shape future guidelines on maternal prenatal care.
Collapse
|
65
|
Li J, Wang H, Du C, Jin X, Geng Y, Han B, Ma Q, Li Q, Wang Q, Guo Y, Wang M, Yan B. hUC-MSCs ameliorated CUMS-induced depression by modulating complement C3 signaling-mediated microglial polarization during astrocyte-microglia crosstalk. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:109-119. [PMID: 32681971 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been shown to be related to immune inflammation and the complement system. Previous studies have suggested that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) play an important role in inflammatory diseases. METHODS hUC-MSCs were administered into chronic unpredictable mild stress model (CUMS) mice through the tail vein once a week for 4 weeks. After the administration of hUC-MSCs, the depression-like and anxiety-like phenotypes, neuronal histopathology, synaptic-related protein expression and inflammatory index of the mice were assessed. Microglial M1/M2 polarization and the expression of C3a in astrocytes and C3aR in microglia was detected by immunofluorescence co-localization. Then, CUMS mice were injected with a C3aR antagonist, and the expression of C3a and C3aR and microglial polarization were observed. RESULTS Based on the sucrose preference and tail suspension tests, hUC-MSCs ameliorated the depression-like behaviors of CUMS mice. Additionally, the anxiety-like behaviors of CUMS mice in the open-field and plus-maze tests were improved after the administration of hUC-MSCs. hUC-MSCs altered microglia polarization by alleviating complement C3a-C3aR signaling activation, which decreased pro-inflammatory factor levels and increased anti-inflammatory factor levels, alleviating neuronal damage and synaptic deficits. CONCLUSION hUC-MSCs have therapeutic effects on anxiety-like and depressive-like phenotypes caused by CUMS. They can alter the polarization of microglia by inhibiting C3a-C3aR signaling to reduce neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Hualong Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Chongbo Du
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xiaojing Jin
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yuan Geng
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Qinying Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Quanhai Li
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yidi Guo
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China.
| | - Baoyong Yan
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Smith KE, Pollak SD. Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:67-93. [PMID: 32668190 PMCID: PMC7809338 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620920725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children’s nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing effective interventions. However, advances in our understanding of these processes have been constrained by conceptualizations that rely on categories of adversity that are overlapping, have vague boundaries, and lack consistent biological evidence. Here, we discuss central problems in understanding the link between early-life adversity and children’s brain development. We conclude by suggesting alternative formulations that hold promise for advancing knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms through which adversity affects human development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Smith
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Seth D Pollak
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Unanticipated Stressful and Rewarding Experiences Engage the Same Prefrontal Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal Populations. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0029-20.2020. [PMID: 32385042 PMCID: PMC7294461 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0029-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain networks that mediate motivated behavior in the context of aversive and rewarding experiences involve the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Neurons in both regions are activated by stress and reward, and by learned cues that predict aversive or appetitive outcomes. Recent studies have proposed that separate neuronal populations and circuits in these regions encode learned aversive versus appetitive contexts. But how about the actual experience? Do the same or different PFC and VTA neurons encode unanticipated aversive and appetitive experiences? To address this, we recorded unit activity and local field potentials (LFPs) in the dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) and VTA of male rats as they were exposed, in the same recording session, to reward (sucrose) or stress (tail pinch) spaced 1 h apart. As expected, experience-specific neuronal responses were observed. Approximately 15–25% of single units in each region responded by excitation or inhibition to either stress or reward, and only stress increased LFP theta oscillation power in both regions and coherence between regions. But the largest number of responses (29% dmPFC and 30% VTA units) involved dual-valence neurons that responded to both stress and reward exposure. Moreover, the temporal profile of neuronal population activity in dmPFC and VTA as assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) were similar during both types of experiences. These results reveal that aversive and rewarding experiences engage overlapping neuronal populations in the dmPFC and the VTA. These populations may provide a locus of vulnerability for stress-related disorders, which are often associated with anhedonia.
Collapse
|
68
|
Plieger T, Reuter M. Stress & executive functioning: A review considering moderating factors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 173:107254. [PMID: 32485224 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of studies investigating the effects of stress on cognition has produced an inconsistent picture on whether - and under which conditions - stress has advantageous or disadvantageous effects on executive functions (EF). This review provides a short introduction to the concept of stress and its neurobiology, before discussing the need to consider moderating factors in the association between stress and EF. Three core domains are described and discussed in relation to the interplay between stress and cognition: the influence of different paradigms on physiological stress reactivity, individual differences in demographic and biological factors, and task-related features of cognitive tasks. Although some moderating variables such as the endocrine stress response have frequently been considered in single studies, no attempt of a holistic overview has been made so far. Therefore, we propose a more nuanced and systematic framework to study the effects of stress on executive functioning, comprising a holistic overview from the induction of stress, via biological mechanisms and interactions with individual differences, to the influence of stress on cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Plieger
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, D-53111 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Vorkapić M, Savić A, Janković M, Useinović N, Isaković M, Puškaš N, Stanojlović O, Hrnčić D. Alterations of medial prefrontal cortex bioelectrical activity in experimental model of isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232530. [PMID: 32384091 PMCID: PMC7209304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and animal studies have found that anxiety and depression are significantly more common after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) has a dual role: in higher brain functions and in cardiovascular control, making it a logical candidate for explaining the perceived bidirectional heart-brain connection. We used parallel Electrocardiography (ECG) and Electrocorticography (ECoG) registration to investigate AMI-induced changes in medial PFC bioelectrical activity in a rat model of AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. Gold-plated recording electrodes were implanted over the frontal cortex for ECoG recording. ECG was recorded via two holter electrodes attached on the skin of the back fixed in place by a jacket. Induction of AMI was performed by isoprenaline (150 mg/kg, i.p.). ECoG and ECG signals were registered at baseline, during 3 hours after isoprenaline administration and at 24 hours after isoprenaline administration. RESULTS Significant increases of theta, alpha, and beta electroencephalographic (EEG) band power were observed in different time intervals after isoprenaline administration. Significant increase of theta band peak frequency was also observed during the first hour after isoprenaline administration. No statistically significant differences in band-power activity were found between the pre-isoprenaline measurements and 24 hours after administration. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate significant increases in EEG band power of alpha beta and theta bands during isoprenaline-induced AMI model. These are the first findings to connect heart damage during isoprenaline- induced AMI to disturbances in the cortical bioelectrical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Vorkapić
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrej Savić
- University of Belgrade–School of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Janković
- University of Belgrade–School of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Useinović
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Isaković
- University of Belgrade–School of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
- TECNALIA, Health Division, Donostia-San, Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nela Puškaš
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Đ Kostić” Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Raver CC, Blair C. Developmental science aimed at reducing inequality: Maximizing the social impact of research on executive function in context. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Cybele Raver
- Institute of Human Development and Social ChangeNew York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development New York City New York
| | - Clancy Blair
- Institute of Human Development and Social ChangeNew York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development New York City New York
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Mayanagi T, Sobue K. Social Stress-Induced Postsynaptic Hyporesponsiveness in Glutamatergic Synapses Is Mediated by PSD-Zip70-Rap2 Pathway and Relates to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:564. [PMID: 31969804 PMCID: PMC6960224 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PSD-Zip70 is a postsynaptic protein that regulates glutamatergic synapse formation and maturation by modulation of Rap2 activity. PSD-Zip70 knockout (PSD-Zip70KO) mice exhibit defective glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) with aberrant Rap2 activation. As prefrontal dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-induced psychiatric diseases, we examined PSD-Zip70KO mice in a social defeat (SD) stress-induced mouse model of depression to investigate stress-induced alterations in synaptic function. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, PSD-Zip70KO mice exhibited almost normal responses to SD stress in depression-related behaviors such as social activity, anhedonia, and depressive behavior. However, PSD-Zip70KO mice showed enhanced anxiety-like behavior irrespective of stress conditions. The density and size of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons were reduced in the medial PFC (mPFC) in mice exposed to SD stress. Phosphorylation levels of the AMPA–type glutamate receptor (AMPA-R) GluA2 subunit at Ser880 were prominently elevated in mice exposed to SD stress, indicating internalization of surface-expressed AMPA-Rs and decreased postsynaptic responsiveness. Structural and functional impairments in postsynaptic responsiveness were associated with Rap2 GTPase activation in response to SD stress. Social stress-induced Rap2 activation was regulated by a PSD-Zip70-dependent pathway via interaction with SPAR/PDZ-GEF1. Notably, features such as Rap2 activation, dendritic spine shrinkage, and increased GluA2 phosphorylation were observed in the mPFC of PSD-Zip70KO mice even without SD stress. Together with our previous results, the present findings suggest that SD stress-induced postsynaptic hyporesponsiveness in glutamatergic synapses is mediated by PSD-Zip70-Rap2 signaling pathway and closely relates to anxiety-like behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taira Mayanagi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Kenji Sobue
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Anderson RM, Johnson SB, Lingg RT, Hinz DC, Romig-Martin SA, Radley JJ. Evidence for Similar Prefrontal Structural and Functional Alterations in Male and Female Rats Following Chronic Stress or Glucocorticoid Exposure. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:353-370. [PMID: 31184364 PMCID: PMC7029687 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work of ours and others has documented regressive changes in neuronal architecture and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male rats following chronic stress. As recent focus has shifted toward understanding whether chronic stress effects on mPFC are sexually dimorphic, here we undertake a comprehensive analysis to address this issue. First, we show that chronic variable stress (14-day daily exposure to different challenges) resulted in a comparable degree of adrenocortical hyperactivity, working memory impairment, and dendritic spine loss in mPFC pyramidal neurons in both sexes. Next, exposure of female rats to 21-day regimen of corticosterone resulted in a similar pattern of mPFC dendritic spine attrition and increase in spine volume. Finally, we examined the effects of another widely used regimen, chronic restraint stress (CRS, 21-day of daily 6-h restraint), on dendritic spine changes in mPFC in both sexes. CRS resulted in response decrements in adrenocortical output (habituation), and induced a pattern of consistent, but less widespread, dendritic spine loss similar to the foregoing challenges. Our data suggest that chronic stress or glucocorticoid exposure induces a relatively undifferentiated pattern of structural and functional alterations in mPFC in both males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Anderson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shane B Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ryan T Lingg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dalton C Hinz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sara A Romig-Martin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jason J Radley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Hagerty SL, YorkWilliams SL, Bidwell LC, Weiland BJ, Sabbineni A, Blaine SK, Bryan AD, Hutchison KE. DRD2 methylation is associated with executive control network connectivity and severity of alcohol problems among a sample of polysubstance users. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12684. [PMID: 30370960 PMCID: PMC7326368 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to alcohol and other drugs of abuse has been associated with deleterious consequences, including functional connectivity deficits within neural networks associated with executive control. Altered functional connectivity within the executive control network (ECN) might underlie the progressive inability to control consumption of alcohol and other drugs as substance use disorders progress. Genetic and epigenetic factors have been associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). For example, dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) functioning has been associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and related phenotypes, including correlates of executive functioning. The present study aims to explore the relationship between a continuous measure of alcohol-related problems, epigenetic markers (methylation) within the DRD2 gene, and functional connectivity within the ECN among a sample of polysubstance users. A community sample of 658 subjects, whose consumption of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis span across a spectrum of quantity and frequency of use, were obtained across previous studies in polysubstance using populations. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed to identify intrinsic connectivity networks using a priori regions of interest. Methylation measurement of functionally relevant sites within the DRD2 gene was achieved via pyrosequencing. Regression-based models, including mediation and moderation models, tested the association between DRD2 methylation, functional connectivity within intrinsic neural networks (including the ECN), and severity of alcohol problems. Results suggest that average DRD2 methylation was negatively associated with right ECN (RECN) and left ECN (LECN) connectivity, but not associated with other networks tested, and DRD2 methylation was significantly associated with alcohol problems severity. Mediation models were not supported, although moderation models suggested that connectivity between edges within the RECN moderated the relationship between DRD2 methylation and AUD severity. Results support a theoretical model in which epigenetic factors are associated with neurobiological correlates of alcohol consumption among a sample of polysubstance users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Hagerty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Sophie L. YorkWilliams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - L. Cinnamon Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Barbara J. Weiland
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Amithrupa Sabbineni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Sara K. Blaine
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Angela D. Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kent E. Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Moench KM, Breach MR, Wellman CL. Prior stress followed by a novel stress challenge results in sex-specific deficits in behavioral flexibility and changes in gene expression in rat medial prefrontal cortex. Horm Behav 2020; 117:104615. [PMID: 31634476 PMCID: PMC6980662 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to sex-specific changes in the structure and function of rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Little is known about whether these effects persist following the cessation of chronic stress, or how these initial effects may impact responses to future stressors. Here we examined attentional set-shifting in male and female rats following chronic restraint stress, a post-chronic stress rest period, and an acute novel stress challenge. Chronic stress resulted in a reversible impairment in extradimensional set-shifting in males, but had no effect on attentional set-shifting in females. Surprisingly, chronically stressed female, but not male, rats had impaired extradimensional set-shifting following a novel stress challenge. Alterations in the balance of excitation and inhibition of mPFC have been implicated in behavioral deficits following chronic stress. Thus, in a separate group of rats, we examined changes in the expression of genes related to glutamatergic (NR1, NR2A, NR2B, GluR1) and GABAergic (Gad67, parvalbumin, somatostatin) neurotransmission in mPFC after acute and chronic stress, rest, and their combination. Stress significantly altered the expression of NR1, GluR1, Gad67, and parvalbumin. Notably, the pattern of stress effects on NR1, Gad67, and parvalbumin expression differed between males and females. In males, these genes were upregulated following the post-chronic stress rest period, while minimal changes were found in females. In contrast, both males and females had greater GluR1 expression following a rest period. These findings suggest that chronic stress leads to sex-specific stress adaptation mechanisms that may contribute to sex differences in response to subsequent stress exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Moench
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Bloomington, IN, USA; Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Michaela R Breach
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Cara L Wellman
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Bloomington, IN, USA; Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Effects of stress on the structure and function of the medial prefrontal cortex: Insights from animal models. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 150:129-153. [PMID: 32204829 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress alters both cognitive and emotional function, and increases risk for a variety of psychological disorders, such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. The prefrontal cortex is critical for executive function and emotion regulation, is a target for stress hormones, and is implicated in many stress-influenced psychological disorders. Therefore, understanding how stress-induced changes in the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex are related to stress-induced changes in behavior may elucidate some of the mechanisms contributing to stress-sensitive disorders. This review focuses on data from rodent models to describe the effects of chronic stress on behaviors mediated by the medial prefrontal cortex, the effects of chronic stress on the morphology and physiology of the medial prefrontal cortex, mechanisms that may mediate these effects, and evidence for sex differences in the effects of stress on the prefrontal cortex. Understanding how stress influences prefrontal cortex and behaviors mediated by it, as well as sex differences in this effect, will elucidate potential avenues for novel interventions for stress-sensitive disorders characterized by deficits in executive function and emotion regulation.
Collapse
|
76
|
Naylor B, Hesam-Shariati N, McAuley JH, Boag S, Newton-John T, Rae CD, Gustin SM. Reduced Glutamate in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated With Emotional and Cognitive Dysregulation in People With Chronic Pain. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1110. [PMID: 31849800 PMCID: PMC6903775 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been extensively found in animal models of chronic pain. Given that the mPFC is implicated in emotional appraisal, cognition and extinction of fear, could a potential decrease in glutamate be associated with increased pessimistic thinking, fear and worry symptoms commonly found in people with chronic pain? To clarify this question, 19 chronic pain subjects and 19 age- and gender-matched control subjects without pain underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both groups also completed the Temperament and Character, the Beck Depression and the State Anxiety Inventories to measure levels of harm avoidance, depression, and anxiety, respectively. People with chronic pain had significantly higher scores in harm avoidance, depression and anxiety compared to control subjects without pain. High levels of harm avoidance are characterized by excessive worry, pessimism, fear, doubt and fatigue. Individuals with chronic pain showed a significant decrease in mPFC glutamate levels compared to control subjects without pain. In people with chronic pain mPFC glutamate levels were significantly negatively correlated with harm avoidance scores. This means that the lower the concentration of glutamate in the mPFC, the greater the total scores of harm avoidance. High scores are associated with fearfulness, pessimism, and fatigue-proneness. We suggest that chronic pain, particularly the stress-induced release of glucocorticoids, induces changes in glutamate transmission in the mPFC, thereby influencing cognitive, and emotional processing. Thus, in people with chronic pain, regulation of fear, worry, negative thinking and fatigue is impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Naylor
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - James H McAuley
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Boag
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Toby Newton-John
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sylvia M Gustin
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Marquardt K, Cavanagh JF, Brigman JL. Alcohol exposure in utero disrupts cortico-striatal coordination required for behavioral flexibility. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107832. [PMID: 31678398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in behavioral flexibility are a hallmark of multiple psychiatric, neurological, and substance use disorders. These deficits are often marked by decreased function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, the genesis of such executive deficits remains understudied. Here we report how the most preventable cause of developmental disability, in utero exposure to alcohol, alters cortico-striatal circuit activity leading to impairments in behavioral flexibility in adulthood. We utilized a translational touch-screen task coupled with in vivo electrophysiology in adult mice to examine single unit and coordinated activity of the lateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral striatum (DS) during flexible behavior. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) decreased OFC, and increased DS, single unit activity during reversal learning and altered the number of choice responsive neurons in both regions. PAE also decreased coordinated activity within the OFC and DS as measured by oscillatory field activity and altered spike-field coupling. Furthermore, PAE led to sustained connectivity between regions past what was seen in control animals. These findings suggest that PAE causes altered coordination within and between the OFC and DS, promoting maladaptive perseveration. Our model suggests that in optimally functioning mice OFC disengages the DS and updates the newly changed reward contingency, whereas in PAE animals, aberrant and persistent OFC to DS signaling drives behavioral inflexibility during early reversal sessions. Together, these findings demonstrate how developmental exposure alters circuit-level activity leading to behavioral deficits and suggest a critical role for coordination of neural timing during behaviors requiring executive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Marquardt
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
McKlveen JM, Moloney RD, Scheimann JR, Myers B, Herman JP. "Braking" the Prefrontal Cortex: The Role of Glucocorticoids and Interneurons in Stress Adaptation and Pathology. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:669-681. [PMID: 31326084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives information regarding stimuli and appropriately orchestrates neurophysiological, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. The cellular and neurochemical heterogeneity of the mPFC and its projections are key to fine-tuning of stress responses and adaptation. Output of the mPFC is mediated by glutamatergic pyramidal neurons whose activity is coordinated by an intricate network of interneurons. Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the mPFC is critical for appropriate responsiveness to stress, and E/I imbalance occurs in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders that co-occur with chronic stress. Moreover, there is mounting data suggesting that chronic stress may precipitate E/I imbalance. This review will provide information regarding the cellular and anatomical makeup of the mPFC and discuss the impact of acute and chronic stress in adulthood and early life on interneuron function, with implications for E/I balance affecting functional connectivity. Specifically, the review will highlight the importance of interneuron type, connectivity, and location (both layer- and subregion-specific). The discussion of local mPFC networks will focus on stress context, including stressor duration (acute vs. chronic) and timing (early life vs. adulthood), as these factors have significant implications for the interpretation of experiments and mPFC E/I balance. Indeed, interneurons appear to play a prominent role in prefrontal adaptation, and a better understanding of the interactions between stress and interneuron function may yield insight to the transition from adaptation to pathology. Ultimately, determining the mechanisms mediating adaptive versus pathologic plasticity will promote the development of novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders related to prefrontal E/I imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M McKlveen
- National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel D Moloney
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jessie R Scheimann
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brent Myers
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James P Herman
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Schifani C, Hafizi S, Tseng HH, Gerritsen C, Kenk M, Wilson AA, Houle S, Rusjan PM, Mizrahi R. Preliminary data indicating a connection between stress-induced prefrontal dopamine release and hippocampal TSPO expression in the psychosis spectrum. Schizophr Res 2019; 213:80-86. [PMID: 30409695 PMCID: PMC6500775 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged stress can cause neuronal loss in the hippocampus resulting in disinhibition of glutamatergic neurons proposed to enhance dopaminergic firing in subcortical regions including striatal areas. Supporting this, imaging studies show increased striatal dopamine release in response to psychosocial stress in healthy individuals with low childhood maternal care, individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and patients with schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is connected to the hippocampus and a key region to control neurochemical responses to stressful stimuli. We recently reported a disrupted PFC dopamine-stress regulation in schizophrenia, which was intact in CHR. Given the available evidence on the link between psychosocial stress, PFC dopamine release and hippocampal immune activation in psychosis, we explored, for the first time in vivo, whether stress-induced PFC dopamine release is associated with hippocampal TSPO expression (a neuroimmune marker) in the psychosis spectrum. We used an overlapping sample of antipsychotic-naïve subjects with CHR (n = 6) and antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients (n = 9) from our previously published studies, measuring PFC dopamine release induced by a psychosocial stress task with [11C]FLB457 positron emission tomography (PET) and TSPO expression with [18F]FEPPA PET. We observed that participants on the psychosis spectrum with lower stress-induced dopamine release in PFC had significantly higher TSPO expression in hippocampus (β = -2.39, SE = 0.96, F(1,11) = 6.17, p = 0.030). Additionally, we report a positive association between stress-induced PFC dopamine release, controlled for hippocampal TSPO expression, and Global Assessment of Functioning. This is the first exploration of the relationship between PFC dopamine release and hippocampal TSPO expression in vivo in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schifani
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sina Hafizi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory Gerritsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miran Kenk
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo M. Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Sullivan L, Shaffer H, Hill C, Del Arco A. Time-dependent changes in cognitive flexibility performance during intermittent social stress: Relevance for motivation and reward-seeking behavior. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111972. [PMID: 31128165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to stress produces cognitive impairments that can lead to psychiatric disorders. How and when these cognitive impairments occur during repeated exposure to stress is not well understood. The present study investigates the time course effects of the exposure to intermittent episodes of social stress on cognitive flexibility performance. Male rats were trained to perform a cognitive flexibility (set-shifting) task. Then they were submitted to intermittent social defeat stress, which consisted of exposing animals to social defeat once every three days for ten days (four stress episodes). Set-shifting performance was evaluated before and in between social stress episodes, and up to ten days after the end of the stress protocol. Plasma levels of corticosterone after tail-pinch were also measured after the last set-shifting session. Intermittent exposure to social stress did not impair cognitive flexibility but produced short-and long-term changes in set-shifting performance. After the third social defeat episode, stressed animals required significantly more time to respond to cues (instrumental action) and to poke in the food-trough when no food pellet was delivered. These effects were reversed ten days after stress and suggest a decrease in motivation to pursue rewards. In contrast, stressed animals responded more accurately to light cues that predicted rewards. This effect, which emerged ten days after stress, suggests an increase in the reactivity to salient cues in the long-term. These time-dependent behavioral changes might help to understand the transition from social stress to stress-related disorders including drug abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sullivan
- HSERM, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Hannah Shaffer
- HSERM, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Christopher Hill
- HSERM, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Alberto Del Arco
- HSERM, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Patel D, Kas MJ, Chattarji S, Buwalda B. Rodent models of social stress and neuronal plasticity: Relevance to depressive-like disorders. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
82
|
Bahari Z, Meftahi GH, Meftahi MA. Dopamine effects on stress-induced working memory deficits. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 29:584-591. [PMID: 30215620 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in mediating executive functions and orchestrating the way in which we think, decide, and behave. Many studies have shown that PFC neurons not only play a major role in mediating behavioral responses to stress but are also sensitive to stress and undergo remodeling following stress exposure. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as a result of stress initiates a flood of alterations in prefrontal neurotransmitter release. Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the PFC is involved in the modulation of stress responsiveness. Compelling results show that stressful events are associated with increased DA concentrations in the medial PFC. Excessive DA-ergic activity in the medial prefrontal cortex following stress has a negative impact on working memory and executive functions in rodents, monkeys, and humans, making them unable to processing information selectively and impairing cognitive function. Therefore, an exact understanding of these mechanisms may provide important insights into the pathophysiology of executive dysfunction and novel treatment avenues. The present review provides a summary of the neuronal circuitry involved in alterations of PFC dopaminergic neurons under conditions of stress, and then addresses the interaction of PFC DA with glucocorticoids leading to impairment of working memory under conditions of stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahari
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physic, Faculty of Medicine.,Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Gholam H Meftahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Esquivel-Rendón E, Vargas-Mireles J, Cuevas-Olguín R, Miranda-Morales M, Acosta-Mares P, García-Oscos F, Pineda JC, Salgado H, Rose-John S, Atzori M. Interleukin 6 Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in a Social Defeat-Susceptible Prefrontal Cortex Circuit. Neuroscience 2019; 414:280-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
84
|
Brandes-Aitken A, Braren S, Swingler M, Voegtline K, Blair C. Sustained attention in infancy: A foundation for the development of multiple aspects of self-regulation for children in poverty. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 184:192-209. [PMID: 31039447 PMCID: PMC6528818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are many avenues by which early life poverty relates to the development of school readiness. Few studies, however, have examined the extent to which sustained attention, a central component of self-regulation in infancy, mediates relations between poverty-related risk and cognitive and emotional self-regulation at school entry. To investigate longitudinal relations among poverty-related risk, sustained attention in infancy, and self-regulation prior to school entry, we analyzed data from the Family Life Project, a large prospective longitudinal sample (N = 1292) of children and their primary caregivers in predominantly low-income and nonurban communities. We used structural equation modeling to assess the extent to which a latent variable of infant sustained attention, measured in a naturalistic setting, mediated the associations between cumulative poverty-related risk and three domains of self-regulation. We constructed a latent variable of infant sustained attention composed of a measure of global sustained attention and a task-based sustained attention measure at 7 and 15 months of age. Results indicated that infant sustained attention was negatively associated with poverty-related risk and positively associated with a direct assessment of executive function abilities and teacher-reported effortful control and emotion regulation in pre-kindergarten. Mediation analysis indicated that the association between poverty-related risk and each self-regulation outcome was partially mediated by infant attention. These results provide support for a developmental model of self-regulation whereby attentional abilities in infancy act as a mechanism linking the effects of early-life socioeconomic adversity with multiple aspects of self-regulation in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Braren
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Margaret Swingler
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Kristin Voegtline
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Clancy Blair
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Brito V, Giralt A, Masana M, Royes A, Espina M, Sieiro E, Alberch J, Castañé A, Girault JA, Ginés S. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Dysfunction Contributes to Depressive-like Behaviors in Huntington's Disease by Altering the DARPP-32 Phosphorylation Status in the Nucleus Accumbens. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:196-207. [PMID: 31060804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common psychiatric condition in Huntington's disease (HD), with rates more than twice those found in the general population. At the present time, there is no established molecular evidence to use as a basis for depression treatment in HD. Indeed, in some patients, classic antidepressant drugs exacerbate chorea or anxiety. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been involved in processes associated with anxiety and depression. This study evaluated the involvement of Cdk5 in the development and prevalence of depressive-like behaviors in HD and aimed to validate Cdk5 as a target for depression treatment. METHODS We evaluated the impact of pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 in depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in Hdh+/Q111 knock-in mutant mice by using a battery of behavioral tests. Biochemical and morphological studies were performed to define the molecular mechanisms acting downstream of Cdk5 activation. A double huntingtin/DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32) knock-in mutant mouse was generated to analyze the role of DARPP-32 in HD depression. RESULTS We found that Hdh+/Q111 mutant mice exhibited depressive-like, but not anxiety-like, behaviors starting at 2 months of age. Cdk5 inhibition by roscovitine infusion prevented depressive-like behavior and reduced DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75 in the nucleus accumbens. Hdh+/Q111 mice heterozygous for DARPP-32 Thr75Ala point mutation were resistant to depressive-like behaviors. We identified β-adducin phosphorylation as a Cdk5 downstream mechanism potentially mediating structural spine plasticity changes in the nucleus accumbens and depressive-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS These results point to Cdk5 in the nucleus accumbens as a critical contributor to depressive-like behaviors in HD mice by altering DARPP-32/β-adducin signaling and disrupting the dendritic spine cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Brito
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Royes
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Espina
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Sieiro
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Castañé
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, CSIC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Berry D, Palmer AR, Distefano R, Masten AS. Autonomic complexity and emotion (dys-)regulation in early childhood across high- and low-risk contexts. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1173-1190. [PMID: 31290736 PMCID: PMC6790229 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing the ability to regulate one's emotions in accordance with contextual demands (i.e., emotion regulation) is a central developmental task of early childhood. These processes are supported by the engagement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), a physiological hub of a vast network tasked with dynamically integrating real-time experiential inputs with internal motivational and goal states. To date, much of what is known about the ANS and emotion regulation has been based on measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a cardiac indicator of parasympathetic activity. In the present study, we draw from dynamical systems models to introduce two nonlinear indices of cardiac complexity (fractality and sample entropy) as potential indicators of these broader ANS dynamics. Using data from a stratified sample of preschoolers living in high- (i.e., emergency homeless shelter) and low-risk contexts (N = 115), we show that, in conjunction with respiratory sinus arrhythmia, these nonlinear indices may help to clarify important differences in the behavioral manifestations of emotion regulation. In particular, our results suggest that cardiac complexity may be especially useful for discerning active, effortful emotion regulation from less effortful regulation and dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berry
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA
| | - Alyssa R Palmer
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA
| | - Rebecca Distefano
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA
| | - Ann S Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Song C, Orlandi C, Sutton LP, Martemyanov KA. The signaling proteins GPR158 and RGS7 modulate excitability of L2/3 pyramidal neurons and control A-type potassium channel in the prelimbic cortex. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13145-13157. [PMID: 31311860 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress profoundly affects physiological properties of neurons across brain circuits and thereby increases the risk for depression. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. In this study, we report that chronic physical restraint stress in mice decreases excitability specifically in layer 2/3 of pyramidal neurons within the prelimbic subarea of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) accompanied by the induction of depressive-like behavioral states. We found that a complex between G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) 158 (GPR158) and regulator of G protein signaling 7 (RGS7), a regulatory GPCR signaling node recently discovered to be a key modulator of affective behaviors, plays a key role in controlling stress-induced changes in excitability in this neuronal population. Deletion of GPR158 or RGS7 enhanced excitability of layer 2/3 PFC neurons and prevented the impact of stress. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that the A-type potassium channel Kv4.2 subunit is a molecular target of the GPR158-RGS7 complex. We further report that GPR158 physically associates with Kv4.2 channel and promotes its function by suppressing inhibitory modulation by cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. Taken together, our observations reveal a critical mechanism that adjusts neuronal excitability in L2/3 pyramidal neurons of the PFC and may thereby modulate the effects of stress on depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Song
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Laurie P Sutton
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Iturra-Mena AM, Aguilar-Rivera M, Arriagada-Solimano M, Pérez-Valenzuela C, Fuentealba P, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Impact of Stress on Gamma Oscillations in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens During Spontaneous Social Interaction. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:151. [PMID: 31354444 PMCID: PMC6636240 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in social behavior is one of the most debilitating symptoms of major depression, a stress related mental illness. Social behavior is modulated by the reward system, and gamma oscillations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) seem to be associated with reward processing. In this scenario, the role of gamma oscillations in depression remains unknown. We hypothesized that gamma oscillations in the rat NAc are sensitive to the effects of social distress. One group of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) while the other group was left undisturbed (control group). Afterward, a microelectrode array was implanted in the NAc of all animals. Local field potential (LFP) activity was acquired using a wireless recording system. Each implanted rat was placed in an open field chamber for a non-social interaction condition, followed by introducing another unfamiliar rat, creating a social interaction condition, where the implanted rat interacted freely and continuously with the unfamiliar conspecific in a natural-like manner (see Supplementary Videos). We found that the high-gamma band power in the NAc of non-stressed rats was higher during the social interaction compared to a non-social interaction condition. Conversely, we did not find significant differences at this level in the stressed rats when comparing the social interaction- and non-social interaction condition. These findings suggest that high-gamma oscillations in the NAc are involved in social behavior. Furthermore, alterations at this level could be an electrophysiological signature of the effect of chronic social stress on reward processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mary Iturra-Mena
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcelo Aguilar-Rivera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marcia Arriagada-Solimano
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Catherine Pérez-Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Department of Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Neurosciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Totty MS, Payne MR, Maren S. Event boundaries do not cause the immediate extinction deficit after Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9459. [PMID: 31263140 PMCID: PMC6603014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work reveals that the extinction of conditioned fear depends upon the interval between conditioning and extinction. Extinction training that takes place within minutes to hours after fear conditioning fails to produce a long-term extinction memory, a phenomenon known as the immediate extinction deficit (IED). Neurobiological evidence suggests that the IED results from stress-induced dysregulation of prefrontal cortical circuits involved in extinction learning. However, a recent study in humans suggests that an "event boundary" between fear conditioning and extinction protects the conditioning memory from interference by the extinction memory, resulting in high levels of fear during a retrieval test. Here, we contrast these hypotheses in rats by arranging extinction trials to follow conditioning trials with or without an event boundary; in both cases, extinction trials are delivered in proximity to shock-elicited stress. After fear conditioning, rats either received extinction trials 60-sec after the last conditioning trial (continuous, no event boundary) or 15-minutes after conditioning (segmented, a standard "immediate" extinction procedure associated with an event boundary). Both groups of animals showed decreases in conditional freezing to the auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) during extinction and exhibited an equivalent IED relative to non-extinguished controls when tested 48 hours later. Thus, eliminating the event boundary between conditioning and extinction with the continuous extinction procedure did not prevent the IED. These data suggest that the IED is the result of shock-induced stress, rather than boundary-induced reductions in memory interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Totty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Martin R Payne
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a critical role in the ethanol-induced neuroimmune response in the brain. Ethanol initiates the innate immune response via activation of the innate immune receptors Toll-like receptors (TLRs, e.g., TLR4, TLR3, TLR7) and NOD-like receptors (inflammasome NLRs) leading to a release of a plethora of chemokines and cytokines and development of the innate immune response. Cytokines and chemokines can have pro- or anti-inflammatory properties through which they regulate the immune response. In this chapter, we will focus on key cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and chemokines (e.g., MCP-1/CCL2) that mediate the ethanol-induced neuroimmune responses. In this regard, we will use IL-1β, as an example cytokine, to discuss the neuromodulatory properties of cytokines on cellular properties and synaptic transmission. We will discuss their involvement through a set of evidence: (1) changes in gene and protein expression following ethanol exposure, (2) association of gene polymorphisms (humans) and alterations in gene expression (animal models) with increased alcohol intake, and (3) modulation of alcohol-related behaviors by transgenic or pharmacological manipulations of chemokine and cytokine systems. Over the last years, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating cytokine- and chemokine-dependent regulation of immune responses has advanced tremendously, and we review evidence pointing to cytokines and chemokines serving as neuromodulators and regulators of neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Roberto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Reesha R Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Joffe ME, Santiago CI, Engers JL, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 3 gates acute stress-induced dysregulation of amygdalo-cortical function. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:916-927. [PMID: 29269844 PMCID: PMC6013320 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-017-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stress can precipitate or worsen symptoms of many psychiatric disorders by dysregulating glutamatergic function within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Previous studies suggest that antagonists of group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3) reduce stress-induced anhedonia through actions in the PFC, but the mechanisms by which these receptors act are not known. We now report that activation of mGlu3 induces long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory transmission in the PFC at inputs from the basolateral amygdala. Our data suggest mGlu3-LTD is mediated by postsynaptic AMPAR internalization in PFC pyramidal cells, and we observed a profound impairment in mGlu3-LTD following a single, 20-min restraint stress exposure. Finally, blocking mGlu3 activation in vivo prevented the stress-induced maladaptive changes to amydalo-cortical physiology and motivated behavior. These data demonstrate that mGlu3 mediates stress-induced physiological and behavioral impairments and further support the potential for mGlu3 modulation as a treatment for stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max E. Joffe
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chiaki I. Santiago
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Julie L. Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Correspondence to: P. Jeffrey Conn, Ph.D., Lee E. Limbird Professor of Pharmacology, Director, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1205 Light Hall Nashville, TN 37232-0697, Tel. (615) 936-2478, Fax. (615) 343-3088,
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Jiang C, Lin WJ, Labonté B, Tamminga CA, Turecki G, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ, Salton SR. VGF and its C-terminal peptide TLQP-62 in ventromedial prefrontal cortex regulate depression-related behaviors and the response to ketamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:971-981. [PMID: 30504797 PMCID: PMC6462025 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often have structural and functional deficits in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), but the underlying molecular pathways are incompletely understood. The neuropeptide precursor VGF (non-acronymic) plays a critical role in depression and antidepressant efficacy in hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, however its function in vmPFC has not been investigated. Here, we show that VGF levels were reduced in Brodmann area 25 (a portion of human vmPFC) of MDD patients and in mouse vmPFC following chronic restraint stress (CRS), and were increased by ketamine in mouse vmPFC. VGF overexpression in vmPFC prevented behavioral deficits induced by CRS, and VGF knockdown in vmPFC increased susceptibility to subchronic variable stress (SCVS) and reduced ketamine's antidepressant efficacy. Acute intra-vmPFC TLQP-62 infusion induced behavioral phenotypes that mimic those produced by antidepressant drug treatment. These antidepressant-like effects were sustained for 7 days and were abolished by local Bdnf gene ablation, or pretreatment with xestospongin C, an inhibitor of IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, or SKF96365, an inhibitor of store-operated and TRPC channel-mediated Ca2+ entry. In conclusion, VGF in the vmPFC regulates susceptibility to stress and the antidepressant response to ketamine. TLQP-62 infusion produces sustained antidepressant responses that require BDNF expression and calcium mobilization in vmPFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 2360 039Xgrid.12981.33RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510120 Guangzhou, China ,0000 0001 2360 039Xgrid.12981.33Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benoit Labonté
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0004 1936 8390grid.23856.3aDepartment of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3 Canada
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235 USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cFriedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Scott J. Russo
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cFriedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Stephen R. Salton
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cFriedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Paredes D, Morilak DA. A Rodent Model of Exposure Therapy: The Use of Fear Extinction as a Therapeutic Intervention for PTSD. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:46. [PMID: 30914932 PMCID: PMC6421316 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include cognitive impairment related to medial prefrontal cortical dysfunction. Indeed, a deficit of cognitive flexibility, i.e., an inability to modify previously learned thoughts and behaviors based on changes in the environment, may underlie many of the other symptoms of PTSD, such as changes in mood, hyper-arousal, intrusive thoughts, exaggerated and over-generalized fear, and avoidance behavior. Cognitive-behavioral therapies target the cognitive dysfunction observed in PTSD patients, training them to recalibrate stress-related perceptions, interpretations and responses. Preclinically, the extinction of conditioned fear bears resemblance to one form of cognitive therapy, exposure therapy, whereby an individual learns, through repeated exposure to a fear-provoking stimulus in a safe environment, that the stimulus no longer signals imminent threat, and their fear response is suppressed. In this review article, we highlight recent findings from our lab using fear extinction as a preclinical model of exposure therapy in rodents exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). We specifically focus on the therapeutic effects of extinction on stress-compromised set-shifting as a measure of cognitive flexibility, and active vs. passive coping behavior as a measure of avoidance. Finally, we discuss mechanisms involving activity and plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) necessary for the therapeutic effects of extinction on cognitive flexibility and active coping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Paredes
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - David A Morilak
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System (STVHCS), San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Aharoni R, Schottlender N, Bar-Lev DD, Eilam R, Sela M, Tsoory M, Arnon R. Cognitive impairment in an animal model of multiple sclerosis and its amelioration by glatiramer acetate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4140. [PMID: 30858445 PMCID: PMC6412002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe motor impairment in the MS animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) obstructs the assessment of cognitive functions. We developed an experimental system that evaluates memory faculties in EAE-affected mice, irrespective of their motor performance, enabling the assessment of cognitive impairments along the disease duration, the associated brain damage, and the consequences of glatiramer acetate (GA) treatment on these manifestations. The delayed-non-matching to sample (DNMS) T-maze task, testing working and long term memory was adapted and utilized. Following the appearance of clinical manifestations task performances of the EAE-untreated mice drastically declined. Cognitive impairments were associated with disease severity, as indicated by a significant correlation between the T-maze performance and the clinical symptoms in EAE-untreated mice. GA-treatment conserved cognitive functions, so that despite their exhibited mild motor impairments, the treated mice performed similarly to naïve controls. The cognitive deficit of EAE-mice coincided with inflammatory and neurodegenerative damage to the frontal cortex and the hippocampus; these damages were alleviated by GA-treatment. These combined findings indicate that in addition to motor impairment, EAE leads to substantial impairment of cognitive functions, starting at the early stages and increasing with disease aggravation. GA-treatment, conserves cognitive capacities and prevents its disease related deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel.
| | - Nofar Schottlender
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Michael Sela
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Ruth Arnon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Chronic unpredictable stress promotes cell-specific plasticity in prefrontal cortex D1 and D2 pyramidal neurons. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100152. [PMID: 30937357 PMCID: PMC6430618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to unpredictable environmental stress is widely recognized as a major determinant for risk and severity in neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, and PTSD. The ability of ostensibly unrelated disorders to give rise to seemingly similar psychiatric phenotypes highlights a need to identify circuit-level concepts that could unify diverse factors under a common pathophysiology. Although difficult to disentangle a causative effect of stress from other factors on medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction, a wealth of data from humans and rodents demonstrates that the PFC is a key target of stress. The present study sought to identify a model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) which induces affective behaviors in C57BL6J mice and once established, measure stress-related alterations in intrinsic excitability and synaptic regulation of mPFC layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons. Adult male mice received 2 weeks of 'less intense' stress or 2 or 4 weeks of 'more intense' CUS followed by sucrose preference for assessment of anhedonia, elevated plus maze for assessment of anxiety and forced swim test for assessment of depressive-like behaviors. Our findings indicate that more intense CUS exposure results in increased anhedonia, anxiety, and depressive behaviors, while the less intense stress results in no measured behavioral phenotypes. Once a behavioral model was established, mice were euthanized approximately 21 days post-stress for whole-cell patch clamp recordings from layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices. No significant differences were initially observed in intrinsic cell excitability in either region. However, post-hoc analysis and subsequent confirmation using transgenic mice expressing tdtomato or eGFP under control of dopamine D1-or D2-type receptor showed that D1-expressing pyramidal neurons (D1-PYR) in the PrL exhibit reduced thresholds to fire an action potential (increased excitability) but impaired firing capacity at more depolarized potentials, whereas D2-expressing pyramidal neurons (D2-PYR) showed an overall reduction in excitability and spike firing frequency. Examination of synaptic transmission showed that D1-and D2-PYR exhibit differences in basal excitatory and inhibitory signaling under naïve conditions. In CUS mice, D1-PYR showed increased frequency of both miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, whereas D2-PYR only showed a reduction in excitatory currents. These findings demonstrate that D1-and D2-PYR subpopulations differentially undergo stress-induced intrinsic and synaptic plasticity that may have functional implications for stress-related pathology, and that these adaptations may reflect unique differences in basal properties regulating output of these cells.
Collapse
|
96
|
Socioeconomic disparity in prefrontal development during early childhood. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2585. [PMID: 30796284 PMCID: PMC6385208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) has a powerful influence on cognitive, social and brain development. Children from low-SES backgrounds show poor executive function (EF). However, it is unclear if there is a SES-dependent disparity in functional brain development. The present study examined whether the SES of preschool children (N = 93) is associated with prefrontal activation during cognitive shifting tasks as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Low-SES children did not show activation in lateral prefrontal regions during the tasks, whereas middle- and high-SES children showed prefrontal activations, although no differences were found in terms of behavioural performance. These results suggest that SES can affect the functional development of the prefrontal regions. In this study, we discuss the practical implications of the results.
Collapse
|
97
|
Influence of pharmacological and epigenetic factors to suppress neurotrophic factors and enhance neural plasticity in stress and mood disorders. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 13:219-237. [PMID: 31168328 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced major depression and mood disorders are characterized by behavioural abnormalities and psychiatric illness, leading to disability and immature mortality worldwide. Neurobiological mechanisms of stress and mood disorders are discussed considering recent findings, and challenges to enhance pharmacological effects of antidepressant, and mood stabilizers. Pharmacological enhancement of ketamine and scopolamine regulates depression at the molecular level, increasing synaptic plasticity in prefrontal regions. Blood-derived neurotrophic factors facilitate mood-deficit symptoms. Epigenetic factors maintain stress-resilience in hippocampal region. Regulation of neurotrophic factors blockades stress, and enhances neuronal survival though it paralyzes limbic regions. Molecular agents and neurotrophic factors also control behavioral and synaptic plasticity in addiction and stress disorders. Future research on neuronal dynamics and cellular actions can be directed to obtain the etiology of synaptic dysregulation in mood disorder and stress. For the first time, the current review contributes to the literature of synaptic plasticity representing the role of epigenetic mechanisms and glucocorticoid receptors to predict depression and anxiety in clinical conditions.
Collapse
|
98
|
Zhang JY, Liu TH, He Y, Pan HQ, Zhang WH, Yin XP, Tian XL, Li BM, Wang XD, Holmes A, Yuan TF, Pan BX. Chronic Stress Remodels Synapses in an Amygdala Circuit-Specific Manner. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:189-201. [PMID: 30060908 PMCID: PMC6747699 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress exposure increases the risk of developing various neuropsychiatric illnesses. The behavioral sequelae of stress correlate with dendritic hypertrophy and glutamate-related synaptic remodeling at basolateral amygdala projection neurons (BLA PNs). Yet, though BLA PNs are functionally heterogeneous with diverse corticolimbic targets, it remains unclear whether stress differentially impacts specific output circuits. METHODS Confocal imaging was used to reconstruct the morphology of mouse BLA PNs with the aid of retrograde tracing and biocytin staining. The synaptic activity in these neurons was measured with in vitro electrophysiology, and anxiety-like behavior of the mice was assessed with the elevated plus maze and open field test. RESULTS Chronic restraint stress (CRS) produced dendritic hypertrophy across mouse BLA PNs, regardless of whether they did (BLA→dorsomedial prefrontal cortex [dmPFC]) or did not (BLA↛dmPFC) target dmPFC. However, CRS increased the size of dendritic spine heads and the number of mature, mushroom-shaped spines only in BLA↛dmPFC PNs, sparing neighboring BLA→dmPFC PNs. Moreover, the excitatory glutamatergic transmission was also selectively increased in BLA↛dmPFC PNs, and this effect correlated with CRS-induced increases in anxiety-like behavior. Segregating BLA↛dmPFC PNs based on their targeting of ventral hippocampus (BLA→ventral hippocampus) or nucleus accumbens (BLA→nucleus accumbens) revealed that CRS increased spine density and glutamatergic signaling in BLA→ventral hippocampus PNs in a manner that correlated with anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress caused BLA PN neuronal remodeling with a previously unrecognized degree of circuit specificity, offering new insight into the pathophysiological basis of depression, anxiety disorders, and other stress-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Neurology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Human Aging Research Institute, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Merz CJ, Wolf OT. The immediate extinction deficit occurs in a nonemotional learning paradigm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:39-45. [PMID: 30651376 PMCID: PMC6340120 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048223.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The immediate extinction deficit describes a higher return of fear when extinction takes place immediately after fear acquisition compared to a delayed extinction design. One explanation for this phenomenon encompasses the remaining emotional arousal evoked by fear acquisition to be still present during immediate, but not delayed extinction. In the present study, the predictive learning task, a learning task not involving arousal or stress, was used testing the hypothesis that no immediate extinction deficit should occur in this neutral task. Twenty-six participants underwent an immediate extinction procedure and were tested in a recall session 24 h later. For the delayed extinction group (n = 26), acquisition, extinction, and recall were realized 24 h apart from each other. Recall performance of a third group (n = 26) was tested 48 h after the immediate extinction procedure. The immediate extinction deficit was indeed observed for a stimulus not subject to a contextual change from acquisition to extinction, but not for other stimuli involving contextual changes or no extinction control stimuli. Even in a neutral learning task and without emotional arousal, the immediate extinction deficit could be detected but was restricted to the specific contextual embedding of stimuli. Thus, contextual processing appears to differentially modulate the emergence of the immediate extinction deficit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Merz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity and Crocin Against Adolescent Stress Induced Anxiety or Depressive-Like Symptoms and Dendritic Morphology Remodeling in Prefrontal Cortex in Adult Male Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:917-929. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|