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Koecke MHM, Strecker J, Straeten FA, Beuker C, Minnerup J, Schmidt‐Pogoda A, Börsch A. Inhibition of leukocyte migration after ischemic stroke by VE-cadherin mutation in a mouse model leads to reduced infarct volumes and improved motor skills. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3449. [PMID: 38468566 PMCID: PMC10928452 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To distinguish between the genuine cellular impact of the ischemic cascade by leukocytes and unspecific effects of edema and humoral components, two knock-in mouse lines were utilized. Mouse lines Y731F and Y685F possess point mutations in VE-cadherin, which lead to a selective inhibition of transendothelial leukocyte migration or impaired vascular permeability. METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced by a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Analysis contained structural outcomes (infarct volume and extent of brain edema), functional outcomes (survival analysis, rotarod test, and neuroscore), and the extent and spatial distribution of leukocyte migration (heatmaps and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis). RESULTS Inhibition of transendothelial leukocyte migration as in Y731F mice leads to smaller infarct volumes (52.33 ± 4719 vs. 70.43 ± 6483 mm3 , p = .0252) and improved motor skills (rotarod test: 85.52 ± 13.24 s vs. 43.06 ± 15.32 s, p = .0285). An impaired vascular permeability as in Y685F mice showed no effect on structural or functional outcomes. Both VE-cadherin mutations did not influence the total immune cell count or spatial distribution in ischemic brain parenchyma. CONCLUSION Selective inhibition of transendothelial leukocyte migration by VE-cadherin mutation after ischemic stroke in a mouse model leads to smaller infarct volumes and improved motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan‐Kolja Strecker
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational NeurologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Frederike Anne Straeten
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational NeurologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Carolin Beuker
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational NeurologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational NeurologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Antje Schmidt‐Pogoda
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational NeurologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Anna‐Lena Börsch
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational NeurologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
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Zou Y, Pei J, Wan C, Liu S, Hu B, Li Z, Tang Z. Mechanism of scutellarin inhibition of astrocyte activation to type A1 after ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107534. [PMID: 38219378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of scutellarin on the activation of astrocytes into the A1 type following cerebral ischemia and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS In vivo, a mouse middle cerebral artery wire embolism model was established to observe the regulation of astrocyte activation to A1 type by scutellarin, and the effects on neurological function and brain infarct volume. In vitro, primary astrocytes were cultured to establish an oxygen-glucose deprivation model, and the mRNA and protein expression of C3, a specific marker of A1-type astrocytes pretreated with scutellarin, were examined. The neurons were cultured in vitro to detect the toxic effects of ischemia-hypoxia-activated A1 astrocyte secretion products on neurons, and to observe whether scutellarin could reduce the neurotoxicity of A1 astrocytes. To validate the signaling pathway-related proteins regulated by scutellarin on C3 expression in astrocytes. RESULTS The results showed that scutellarin treatment reduced the volume of cerebral infarcts and attenuated neurological deficits in mice caused by middle cerebral artery embolism. Immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that treatment with scutellarin down-regulated middle cerebral artery embolism and OGD/R up-regulated A1-type astrocyte marker C3. The secretory products of ischemia-hypoxia-activated A1-type astrocytes were toxic to neurons and induced an increase in neuronal apoptosis, and astrocytes treated with scutellarin reduced the toxic effects on neurons. Further study revealed that scutellarin inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and thus inhibited the activation of astrocytes to A1 type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jingchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Radhakrishnan M, Vijay V, Supraja Acharya B, Basuthakur P, Patel S, Soren K, Kumar A, Chakravarty S. Uncovering Sex-Specific Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanism Involving H3k9me2 in Neural Inflammation, Damage, and Recovery in the Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Mouse Model. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:3. [PMID: 38407687 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the foremost global causes of death and disability. Due to inadequate knowledge in its sequential disease mechanisms, therapeutic efforts to mitigate acute ischemia-induced brain injury are limited. Recent studies have implicated epigenetic mechanisms, mostly histone lysine acetylation/deacetylation, in ischemia-induced neural damage and death. However, the role of lysine methylation/demethylation, another prevalent epigenetic mechanism in cerebral ischemia has not undergone comprehensive investigation, except a few recent reports, including those from our research cohort. Considering the impact of sex on post-stroke outcomes, we studied both male and female mice to elucidate molecular details using our recently developed Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion (ICAO) model, which induces mild to moderate cerebral ischemia, primarily affecting the striatum and ventral hippocampus. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that female mice exhibit faster recovery than male mice following ICAO, evaluated through neurological deficit score and motor coordination assessment. Furthermore, our investigation unveiled that dysregulated histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), particularly kdm4b/jmjd2b are responsible for the sex-specific variance in the modulation of inflammatory genes. Building upon our prior reportage blocking KDMs by DMOG (Dimethyloxalylglycine) and thus preventing the attenuation in H3k9me2 reduced the post-ICAO transcript levels of the inflammatory molecules and neural damage, our present study delved into investigating the differential role of H3k9me2 in the regulation of pro-inflammatory genes in female vis-à-vis male mice underlying ICAO-induced neural damage and recovery. Overall, our results reveal the important role of epigenetic mark H3k9me2 in mediating sex-specific sequential events in inflammatory response, elicited post-ICAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vincy Vijay
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - B Supraja Acharya
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Papia Basuthakur
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Ma J, Pu R, Zhou Q, Li M, Shang J. A traditional formula of aconitum complex alleviates post-ischemic stroke by improving neural function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:327-330. [PMID: 38229545 PMCID: PMC10984856 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- School of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China
- School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyJiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
| | - Ruiqi Pu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China
| | - Qinyang Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyJiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
| | - Maoru Li
- School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyJiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- College of Traditional Chinese MedicineYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunming650500China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyJiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
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Usatova VS, Mishina NM, Berestovoy MA, Ivanenko AV, Jappy D, Krut' VG, Sokolov RA, Moshchenko AA, Rozov A, Shevchenko EK, Belousov VV. Hydrogen peroxide is not generated intracellularly in human neural spheroids during ischemia-reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:234-240. [PMID: 38158053 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered a primary source of damage during ischemic stroke. However, the precise timing of ROS production (during hypoxia or reperfusion) remains unclear. Cellular 3D spheroids are often proposed as an optimal alternative to both 2D cell cultures and animal models in modeling disease conditions. Here we report live imaging of hydrogen peroxide dynamics during the acute phase of hypoxia and reperfusion in human iPSC-derived neural spheroids, stably expressing fluorescent biosensor HyPer7. Contrary to previous reports, we did not observe a hydrogen peroxide production burst neither during hypoxia nor in course of reperfusion. Our data suggest either lack of oxidative stress during ischemia-reperfusion in spheroids or existence of different mechanisms of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika S Usatova
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalie M Mishina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Synthetic Neurotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Berestovoy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Ivanenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Viktoriya G Krut'
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Synthetic Neurotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rostislav A Sokolov
- Laboratory of Synthetic Neurotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Moshchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Rozov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny K Shevchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Synthetic Neurotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 121205, Moscow, Russia.
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Sharma V, Sharma P, Singh TG. Wnt signalling pathways as mediators of neuroprotective mechanisms: therapeutic implications in stroke. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:247. [PMID: 38300425 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A stroke is a complicated neurological illness that occurs when there is a disruption in the blood flow to the brain. This disruption results in the damage of neurons, which then leads to functional abnormalities. The Wnt signalling pathway, which is already well-known for its important function in development and tissue homeostasis, has recently been recognised as a critical factor in the pathophysiology of stroke. Recent studies have shown the Wnt pathway's roles in stroke-related events. The complex-interactions between the Wnt pathway and stroke emphasising the pathway's contributions to neuro-protection and synaptic plasticity. The Wnt pathway's influence on neuro-genesis and synaptic plasticity underscores its potential for driving stroke recovery and rehabilitation strategies. The current review discusses about the Wnt signalling pathway in brain pathophysiology and stroke with special emphasis on the various pathways involved in the positive and negative modulation of Wnt pathway namely Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Gao Y, Zhang TL, Zhang HJ, Gao J, Yang PF. A Promising Application of Injectable Hydrogels in Nerve Repair and Regeneration for Ischemic Stroke. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:327-345. [PMID: 38229707 PMCID: PMC10790665 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s442304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a condition that often leads to severe nerve damage, induces complex pathological and physiological changes in nerve tissue. The mature central nervous system (CNS) lacks intrinsic regenerative capacity, resulting in a poor prognosis and long-term neurological impairments. There is no available therapy that can fully restore CNS functionality. However, the utilization of injectable hydrogels has emerged as a promising strategy for nerve repair and regeneration. Injectable hydrogels possess exceptional properties, such as biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and the ability to provide a supportive environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Recently, various hydrogel-based tissue engineering approaches, including cell encapsulation, controlled release of therapeutic factors, and incorporation of bioactive molecules, have demonstrated great potential in the treatment of CNS injuries caused by ischemic stroke. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application and development of injectable hydrogels for the treatment of ischemic stroke-induced CNS injuries, shedding light on their therapeutic prospects, challenges, recent advancements, and future directions. Additionally, it will discuss the underlying mechanisms involved in hydrogel-mediated nerve repair and regeneration, as well as the need for further preclinical and clinical studies to validate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Lin Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jian Zhang
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Raman-Nair J, Cron G, MacLeod K, Lacoste B. Sex-Specific Acute Cerebrovascular Responses to Photothrombotic Stroke in Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0400-22.2023. [PMID: 38164600 PMCID: PMC10849032 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0400-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular stroke outcomes are poorly understood, and the effects of biological sex on cerebrovascular regulation post-stroke have yet to be fully comprehended. Here, we explore the overlapping roles of gonadal sex hormones and rho-kinase (ROCK), two important modulators of cerebrovascular tone, on the acute cerebrovascular response to photothrombotic (PT) focal ischemia in mice. Male mice were gonadectomized and female mice were ovariectomized to remove gonadal hormones, whereas control ("intact") animals received a sham surgery prior to stroke induction. Intact wild-type (WT) males showed a delayed drop in cerebral blood flow (CBF) compared with intact WT females, whereby maximal CBF drop was observed 48 h following stroke. Gonadectomy in males did not alter this response. However, ovariectomy in WT females produced a "male-like" phenotype. Intact Rock2+/- males also showed the same phenotypic response, which was not altered by gonadectomy. Alternatively, intact Rock2+/- females showed a significant difference in CBF values compared with intact WT females, displaying higher CBF values immediately post-stroke and showing a maximal CBF drop 48 h post-stroke. This pattern was not altered by ovariectomy. Altogether, these data illustrate sex differences in acute CBF responses to PT stroke, which seem to involve gonadal female sex hormones and ROCK2. Overall, this study provides a framework for exploring sex differences in acute CBF responses to focal ischemic stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Raman-Nair
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gregory Cron
- Neurology Department, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California
| | - Kathleen MacLeod
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Colombia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Salaudeen MA, Allan S, Pinteaux E. Hypoxia and interleukin-1-primed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as novel therapy for stroke. Hum Cell 2024; 37:154-166. [PMID: 37987924 PMCID: PMC10764391 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Promising preclinical stroke research has not yielded meaningful and significant success in clinical trials. This lack of success has prompted the need for refinement of preclinical studies with the intent to optimize the chances of clinical success. Regenerative medicine, especially using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), has gained popularity in the last decade for treating many disorders, including central nervous system (CNS), such as stroke. In addition to less stringent ethical constraints, the ample availability of MSCs also makes them an attractive alternative to totipotent and other pluripotent stem cells. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into neurons and other brain parenchymal and immune cells makes them a promising therapy for stroke. However, these cells also have some drawbacks that, if not addressed, will render MSCs unfit for treating ischaemic stroke. In this review, we highlighted the molecular and cellular changes that occur following an ischaemic stroke (IS) incidence and discussed the physiological properties of MSCs suitable for tackling these changes. We also went further to discuss the major drawbacks of utilizing MSCs in IS and how adequate priming using both hypoxia and interleukin-1 can optimize the beneficial properties of MSCs while eliminating these drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adenike Salaudeen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Stuart Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Banerjee S, Banerjee S. Amyloid Beta-Mediated Neurovascular Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:355-372. [PMID: 38427250 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The brain vascular system receives one-fifth of the total oxygen from the cardiac output, and this transport system is highly dependent on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. The cerebral blood flow is controlled by neurovascular coupling through neurovascular units (NVUs). The NVU includes different types of cells, such as mural cells, astrocytes, pericytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The cellular composition of NVU varies throughout the vascular tree. Amyloid β (Aβ) is abundantly present in the central nervous system, but the pathological accumulation of misfolded Aβ protein causes vascular damage, resulting in neurovascular dysfunction. Aβ aggregation can activate the astrocytes and endothelial cells. It is followed by pericyte degeneration which results in dysregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), neurovascular uncoupling, and BBB breakdown. Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Aβ-induced neurovascular toxicity is crucial for determining normal and diseased brain function. This chapter discusses the components of NVU, neurovascular uncoupling, Aβ-induced cerebrovascular reactivity, and cerebral blood flow reduction in neurodegenerative disorders, with special emphasis on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sugato Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Deng X, Zeng Y, Ding D. MiR-30c-5p-Targeted Regulation of GNAI2 Improves Neural Function Injury and Inflammation in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04802-5. [PMID: 38153649 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are related to neuronal proliferation and apoptosis following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). This study focused on miR-30c-5p in the disease. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) model was prepared in HT22 cells and transfected to overexpress miR-30c-5p and G Protein Subunit Alpha I2 (GNAI2) respectively or co-transfected to silence miR-30c-5p and GNAI2. Meanwhile, a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was constructed in mice, and miR-30c-5p and GNAI2 were silenced in vivo simultaneously. The mice were evaluated for neurological damage, apoptosis, and inflammation. HT22 cells were tested for cytotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors. The interaction between miR-30c-5p and GNAI2 was predicted, analyzed, and confirmed. MiR-30c-5p was found to be downregulated in both experimental models. miR-30c-5p reduced lactate dehydrogenase production, inflammatory response, inhibit apoptosis, and enhanced neuronal proliferation, while GNAI2 overexpression showed the opposite results. Downregulated miR-30c-5p worsened neurological function, apoptosis, and inflammation of MCAO mice while silencing GNAI2 attenuated the influence of downregulated miR-30c-5p. MiR-30c-5p can improve neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response caused by CIRI and is neuroprotective by targeting GNAI2, providing a new target for treating CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Deng
- Department of Neurology, Yichun People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, No. 1061 Jinxiu Avenue, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, 336000, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Yichun People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, No. 1061 Jinxiu Avenue, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, 336000, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Neurology, Yichun People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, No. 1061 Jinxiu Avenue, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, 336000, China.
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Kuo HC, Chen KD, Li PC. Molecular Hydrogen: Emerging Treatment for Stroke Management. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1864-1871. [PMID: 37988743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. However, only intravenous thrombolysis using mechanical thrombectomy or tissue plasminogen activator is considered an effective and approved treatment. Molecular hydrogen is an emerging therapeutic agent and has recently become a research focus. Molecular hydrogen is involved in antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic functions in normal physical processes and may play an important role in stroke management; it has been evaluated in numerous preclinical and clinical studies in several administration formats, including inhalation of hydrogen gas, intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-enriched solution, or drinking of hydrogen-enriched water. In addition to investigation of the underlying mechanisms, the safety and efficacy of using molecular hydrogen have been carefully evaluated, and favorable outcomes have been achieved. All available evidence indicates that molecular hydrogen may be a promising treatment option for stroke management in the future. This review aimed to provide an overview of the role of molecular hydrogen in the management of stroke and possible further modifications of treatment conditions and procedures in terms of dose, duration, and administration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Taiwan Association for the Promotion of Molecular Hydrogen, Kaohsiung 83302, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Taiwan Association for the Promotion of Molecular Hydrogen, Kaohsiung 83302, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Taiwan Association for the Promotion of Molecular Hydrogen, Kaohsiung 83302, Taiwan
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Arul MR, Alahmadi I, Turro DG, Ruikar A, Abdulmalik S, Williams JT, Sanganahalli BG, Liang BT, Verma R, Kumbar SG. Fluorescent liposomal nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in ischemic stroke therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7856-7866. [PMID: 37902365 PMCID: PMC10697427 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00951c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes acute CNS injury and long-term disability, with limited treatment options such as surgical clot removal or clot-busting drugs. Neuroprotective therapies are needed to protect vulnerable brain regions. The purinergic receptor P2X4 is activated during stroke and exacerbates post-stroke damage. The chemical compound 5-(3-Bromophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-Benzofuro[3,2-e]-1,4-diazepin-2-one (5BDBD) inhibits P2X4 and has shown neuroprotective effects in rodents. However, it is difficult to formulate for systemic delivery to the CNS. The current manuscript reports for the first time, the synthesis and characterization of 5BDBD PEGylated liposomal formulations and evaluates their feasibility to treat stroke in a preclinical mice model. A PEGylated liposomal formulation of 5BDBD was synthesized and characterized, with encapsulation efficacy of >80%, and release over 48 hours. In vitro and in vivo experiments with Nile red encapsulation showed cytocompatibility and CNS infiltration of nanocarriers. Administered 4 or 28 hours after stroke onset, the nanoformulation provided significant neuroprotection, reducing infarct volume by ∼50% compared to controls. It outperformed orally-administered 5BDBD with a lower dose and shorter treatment duration, suggesting precise delivery by nanoformulation improves outcomes. The fluorescent nanoformulations may serve as a platform for delivering and tracking therapeutic agents for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Arul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Ibtihal Alahmadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Aditya Ruikar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sama Abdulmalik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Basavaraju G Sanganahalli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Calhuan Cardiology Centre, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rajkumar Verma
- Department of Neurosciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Sangamesh G Kumbar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Dordoe C, Huang W, Bwalya C, Wang X, Shen B, Wang H, Wang J, Ye S, Wang P, Xiaoyan B, Li X, Lin L. The role of microglial activation on ischemic stroke: Modulation by fibroblast growth factors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:122-133. [PMID: 37573252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the devastating clinical conditions that causes death and permanent disability. Its occurrence causes the reduction of oxygen and glucose supply, resulting in events such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brain. Microglia are brain-resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that exert diverse roles and respond to pathological process after an ischemic insult. The discovery of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in mammals, resulted to the findings that they can treat experimental models of stroke in animals effectively. FGFs function as homeostatic factors that control cells and hormones involved in metabolism, and they also regulate the secretion of proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) cytokines after stroke. In this review, we outline current evidence of microglia activation in experimental models of stroke focusing on its ability to exacerbate damage or repair tissue. Also, our review sheds light on the pharmacological actions of FGFs on multiple targets to regulate microglial modulation and highlighted their theoretical molecular mechanisms to provide possible therapeutic targets, as well as their limitations for the treatment of stroke. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Confidence Dordoe
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Canol Bwalya
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bixin Shen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bao Xiaoyan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Mu F, Lin R, Lu X, Zhao M, Zhao J, Huang S, Guo C, Guan Y, Zhang H, Xi M, Wang J, Tang H. Protective effect and mechanism of styrax on ischemic stroke rats: metabonomic insights by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1318-1331. [PMID: 37621078 PMCID: PMC10461497 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2246501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Styrax is used for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate styrax's anti-ischemic stroke protective effects and underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ischemic-stroke rat model was established based on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 10) and administered intragastrically once a day for 7 consecutive days: sham, model, nimodipine (24 mg/kg), styrax-L (0.1 g/kg), styrax-M (0.2 g/kg) and styrax-H (0.4 g/kg). Neurological function, biochemical assessment, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS)-based serum metabonomics were used to elucidate styrax's cerebral protective effects and mechanisms. Pearson correlation and western blot analyses were performed to verify. RESULTS The addition of 0.4 g/kg styrax significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and neurobehavioral abnormality score. Different doses of styrax also decrease MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and increase SOD and GSH-Px in ischemic-stroke rats (p < 0.05; MDA, p < 0.05 only at 0.4 g/kg dose). Biochemical indicators and metabolic-profile analyses (PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA) also supported styrax's protective effects. Endogenous metabolites (22) were identified in ischemic-stroke rats, and these perturbations were reversible via styrax intervention, which is predominantly involved in energy metabolism, glutathione and glutamine metabolism, and other metabolic processes. Additionally, styrax significantly upregulated phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and glutaminase brain-tissue expression. CONCLUSION Styrax treatment could ameliorate ischemic-stroke rats by intervening with energy metabolism and glutamine metabolism. This can help us understand the mechanism of styrax, inspiring more clinical application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Shaojie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Haiyue Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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Zhang W, Dong XY, Huang R. Gut Microbiota in Ischemic Stroke: Role of Gut Bacteria-Derived Metabolites. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:811-828. [PMID: 36279071 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability globally. Several mechanisms including glutamate excitotoxicity, calcium overload, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of IS, but the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms of IS are not fully clarified. During the past decade, gut microbiota were recognized as a key regulator to affect the health of the host either directly or via their metabolites. Recent studies indicate that gut bacterial dysbiosis is closely related to hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, which are the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that IS can lead to perturbation in gut microbiota and increased permeability of the gut mucosa, known as "leaky gut," resulting in endotoxemia and bacterial translocation. In turn, gut dysbiosis and impaired intestinal permeability can alter gut bacterial metabolite signaling profile from the gut to the brain. Microbiota-derived products and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) can exert beneficial or detrimental effects on various extraintestinal organs, including the brain, liver, and heart. These metabolites have been increasingly acknowledged as biomarkers and mediators of IS. However, the specific role of the gut bacterial metabolites in the context of stroke remains incompletely understood. In-depth studies on these products and metabolites may provide new insight for the development of novel therapeutics for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Yu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Yan Y, An X, Ren H, Luo B, Han J, Jin S, Liu L, Huang Y. Prevalence and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke coexisting with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1286193. [PMID: 38125831 PMCID: PMC10731460 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1286193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cohort is probably higher than in the general population. This study investigated the prevalence of UIAs in AIS patients and the management risk and prognosis when treating AIS. Methods From January 2020 to January 2023, we conducted a single-center retrospective study at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. Each patient underwent both brain MRI and MRA/CTA to diagnose AIS and UIAs. Clinical, radiologic, and therapeutic data during hospitalization and prognosis were analyzed. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was performed to evaluate the risk of in-hospital adverse events, unfavorable outcomes at discharge when receiving post-stroke treatment and stroke recurrence. Results In all, 2,181 AIS patients were included, of whom 270 had UIAs (12.4%; 95%CI 11.0-13.8%). From the unmatched and matched cohort, the incidence of in-hospital adverse events and unfavorable outcomes at discharge in patients with UIAs were not significantly different; the risk of stroke recurrence was significantly higher in patients with UIAs than in those without (unmatched: aHR, 1.71 [1.08-2.70]; matched: aHR, 2.55 [1.16-5.58]). Multivariable Cox regression models showed that aneurysm size and the presence of homoregional infarction associated with higher risk of recurrence (unmatched: aHR, 1.31 [1.21-1.41] and aHR, 3.50 [1.52-8.10]; matched: aHR, 1.28 [1.18-1.40]; p < 0.001 and aHR, 3.71 [1.12-12.34]). Conclusion The UIAs may not increase the risk of in-hospital adverse events and unfavorable outcomes at discharge in receiving post-stroke treatment, but it may associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwei An
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hecheng Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Han
- Academy of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Alvarez MM, Salazar FE, Rodriguez T, D’Egidio F, Borlongan CV, Lee JY. Endogenous Extracellular Vesicles Participate in Brain Remodeling after Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16857. [PMID: 38069179 PMCID: PMC10706116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain remodeling after an ischemic stroke represents a promising avenue for exploring the cellular mechanisms of endogenous brain repair. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of neuroprotective treatments for stroke patients. Here, we interrogated the role of extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, as potential mediators of endogenous repair within the neurovascular unit (NVU). We hypothesized that these extracellular vesicles may play a role in achieving transient stroke neuroprotection. Using the established ischemic stroke model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, we detected a surged in the extracellular vesicle marker CD63 in the peri-infarct area that either juxtaposed or co-localized with GFAP-positive glial cells, MAP2-labeled young neurons, and VEGF-marked angiogenic cells. This novel observation that CD63 exosomes spatially and temporally approximated glial activation, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis suggests that extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, contribute to the endogenous repair of the NVU, warranting exploration of extracellular vesicle-based stroke therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.M.A.); (F.E.S.); (T.R.); (F.D.); (J.-Y.L.)
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Shi Z, Xu T, Hu C, Zan R, Zhang Y, Jia G, Jin L. A bibliometric analysis of research foci and trends in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involving autophagy during 2008 to 2022. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35961. [PMID: 38013307 PMCID: PMC10681624 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that typically occurs during the treatment of ischemia, with limited therapeutic options. Autophagy plays a vital role during the reperfusion phase and is a potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection for publications related to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with autophagy, published between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2023. We analyzed the selected publications using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and other bibliometric tools. RESULTS Our search yielded 877 relevant publications. The field of autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has grown rapidly since 2016. China has been the leading contributor to publications, followed by the USA and Iran. Chen Zhong and Qin Zhenghong have been influential in this field but have yet to reach all groups. In addition, there has been a shortage of collaboration among authors from different institutions. Our literature and keyword analysis identified Neurovascular protection (#11 Neuroprotective, #13 Neurovascular units, etc) and Inflammation (NLRP3 inflammasome) as popular research directions. Furthermore, the terms "Blood-Brain Barrier," "Mitophagy," and "Endoplasmic reticulum stress" have been frequently used and may be hot research topics in the future. CONCLUSIONS The role of autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear, and the specific mechanisms of drugs used to treat ischemia-reperfusion injury still need to be explored. This work outlines the changing trends in investigating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involving autophagy and suggests future lines of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolu Shi
- School of life science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University & The first affiliated hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of life science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University & The first affiliated hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School of life science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University & The first affiliated hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaozhi Jia
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of life science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University & The first affiliated hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Equipment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Everaerts K, Thapaliya P, Pape N, Durry S, Eitelmann S, Roussa E, Ullah G, Rose CR. Inward Operation of Sodium-Bicarbonate Cotransporter 1 Promotes Astrocytic Na + Loading and Loss of ATP in Mouse Neocortex during Brief Chemical Ischemia. Cells 2023; 12:2675. [PMID: 38067105 PMCID: PMC10705779 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic conditions cause an increase in the sodium concentration of astrocytes, driving the breakdown of ionic homeostasis and exacerbating cellular damage. Astrocytes express high levels of the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter1 (NBCe1), which couples intracellular Na+ homeostasis to regulation of pH and operates close to its reversal potential under physiological conditions. Here, we analyzed its mode of operation during transient energy deprivation via imaging astrocytic pH, Na+, and ATP in organotypic slice cultures of the mouse neocortex, complemented with patch-clamp and ion-selective microelectrode recordings and computational modeling. We found that a 2 min period of metabolic failure resulted in a transient acidosis accompanied by a Na+ increase in astrocytes. Inhibition of NBCe1 increased the acidosis while decreasing the Na+ load. Similar results were obtained when comparing ion changes in wild-type and Nbce1-deficient mice. Mathematical modeling replicated these findings and further predicted that NBCe1 activation contributes to the loss of cellular ATP under ischemic conditions, a result confirmed experimentally using FRET-based imaging of ATP. Altogether, our data demonstrate that transient energy failure stimulates the inward operation of NBCe1 in astrocytes. This causes a significant amelioration of ischemia-induced astrocytic acidification, albeit at the expense of increased Na+ influx and a decline in cellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Everaerts
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Pawan Thapaliya
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.T.); (G.U.)
| | - Nils Pape
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Simone Durry
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Sara Eitelmann
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 17, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.T.); (G.U.)
| | - Christine R. Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
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Foster VS, Saez N, King GF, Rank MM. Acute inhibition of acid sensing ion channel 1a after spinal cord injury selectively affects excitatory synaptic transmission, but not intrinsic membrane properties, in deep dorsal horn interneurons. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289053. [PMID: 37939057 PMCID: PMC10631665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary damage mechanisms are triggered that cause inflammation and cell death. A key component of this secondary damage is a reduction in local blood flow that initiates a well-characterised ischemic cascade. Downstream hypoxia and acidosis activate acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) to trigger cell death. We recently showed that administration of a potent venom-derived inhibitor of ASIC1a, Hi1a, leads to tissue sparing and improved functional recovery when delivered up to 8 h after ischemic stroke. Here, we use whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in a spinal cord slice preparation to assess the effect of acute ASIC1a inhibition, via a single dose of Hi1a, on intrinsic membrane properties and excitatory synaptic transmission long-term after a spinal cord hemisection injury. We focus on a population of interneurons (INs) in the deep dorsal horn (DDH) that play a key role in relaying sensory information to downstream motoneurons. DDH INs in mice treated with Hi1a 1 h after a spinal cord hemisection showed no change in active or passive intrinsic membrane properties measured 4 weeks after SCI. DDH INs, however, exhibit significant changes in the kinetics of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents after a single dose of Hi1a, when compared to naive animals (unlike SCI mice). Our data suggest that acute ASIC1a inhibition exerts selective effects on excitatory synaptic transmission in DDH INs after SCI via specific ligand-gated receptor channels, and has no effect on other voltage-activated channels long-term after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Foster
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- St George’s, University of London, Medical School, London, England
| | - Natalie Saez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenn F. King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle M. Rank
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dong W, Peng Q, Liu Z, Xie Z, Guo X, Li Y, Chen C. Estrogen plays an important role by influencing the NLRP3 inflammasome. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115554. [PMID: 37738797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important part of the natural immune system that plays an important role in many diseases. Estrogen is a sex hormone that plays an important role in controlling reproduction and regulates many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have indicated that estrogen is associated with disease progression. Estrogen can ameliorate some diseases (e. g, sepsis, mood disturbances, cerebral ischemia, some hepatopathy, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, osteoarthritis, and renal fibrosis) by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Estrogen can also promote the development of diseases (e.g., ovarian endometriosis, dry eye disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus) by upregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, estrogen has a dual effect on the development of cancers and asthma. However, the mechanism of these effects is not summarized. This article reviewed the progress in understanding the effects of estrogen on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanisms in recent years to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglin Dong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoxin Liu
- Clinical College of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
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Hassonizadeh Falahieh K, Sarkaki A, Edalatmanesh M, Gharib Naseri MK, Farbood Y. Ellagic acid alleviates motor, cognitive and hippocampal electrical activity deficits in the male rats with 2-vessel occlusion cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2023; 13:651-664. [PMID: 38106628 PMCID: PMC10719720 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) has been known as a major cause of inability and mortality worldwide. Ellagic acid (EA) has many pharmacological effects including antioxidant, antithrombotic and neurorestoration activities. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effects of EA on motor and cognitive behaviors, hippocampal local field potential (LFP), brain oxidative stress in male rats with cerebral 2-vessel occlusion ischemia/reperfusion (2VO I/R). Materials and Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were assigned into six groups. 1) The Sham: rats were treated with DMSO10%/normal saline as solvent of EA 3 times daily for 1 week; 2) I/R+Veh; I/R rats received vehicle; 3-5) EA-treated groups: I/R rats received 50, 75, or 100 mg/kg EA; and 6) Cont+EA100: intact rats received EA. The cerebral 2VO I/R was made by the bilateral common carotid arteries closing for 20 min followed by reperfusion. The behavioral tests and hippocampal LFP recording were performed after treatment with EA. The oxidative stress parameters were assayed by special ELISA kits. Results Cerebral 2VO I/R significantly decreased motor coordination, memory and hippocampal LFP and significantly increased oxidative stress. Treatment with EA improved all I/R complications. Conclusion The current findings showed that treatment of I/R rats with EA could reverse cognitive and motor functions, and improve the LFP and oxidative stress markers. So, effects of EA on cognitive and motor function may at least in part, be due to its antioxidative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Hassonizadeh Falahieh
- Department of Physiology, College of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
- Department of Physiology, College of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Edalatmanesh
- Department of Physiology, College of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
- Department of Physiology, College of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Gharib Naseri
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
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74
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Ramírez-Guerrero G, Husain-Syed F, Ponce D, Torres-Cifuentes V, Ronco C. Peritoneal dialysis and acute kidney injury in acute brain injury patients. Semin Dial 2023; 36:448-453. [PMID: 36913952 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous syndrome with multiple etiologies. It occurs frequently in the neurocritical intensive care unit and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. In this scenario, AKI alters the kidney-brain axis, exposing patients who receive habitual dialytic management to greater injury. Various therapies have been designed to mitigate this risk. Priority has been placed by KDIGO guidelines on the use of continuous over intermittent acute kidney replacement therapies (AKRT). On this background, continuous therapies have a pathophysiological rationale in patients with acute brain injury. A low-efficiency therapy such as PD and CRRT could achieve optimal clearance control and potentially reduce the risk of secondary brain injury. Therefore, this work will review the evidence on peritoneal dialysis as a continuous AKRT in neurocritical patients, describing its benefits and risks so it may be considered as an option when deciding among available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ramírez-Guerrero
- Critical Care Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
- Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Faeq Husain-Syed
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ponce
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicente Torres-Cifuentes
- Critical Care Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
- Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
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75
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Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Sun S, Xu Y, Yu N, Zhang M, Wang J, Wan D, Tian Z, Zhu H. Catalpol Alleviates Ischemic Stroke Through Promoting Angiogenesis and Facilitating Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via the VEGF-A/KDR Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6227-6247. [PMID: 37439957 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death globally with a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Catalpol is a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmannia glutinosa and it has been shown to be protective against various neurological diseases. The potential roles of catalpol against ischemic stroke are still not completely clear. In this study, we examined the effect and mechanism of catalpol against ischemic stroke using in vivo rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. We demonstrated that catalpol indeed attenuated the neurological deficits caused by dMCAO and improved neurological function. Catalpol remarkably promoted angiogenesis, promoted proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and prevented neuronal loss and astrocyte activation in the ischemic cortex or hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in vivo. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR, VEGFR-2) inhibitor SU5416 and VEGF-A shRNA were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that SU5416 administration or VEGF-A-shRNA transfection both attenuated the effects of catalpol. We also found that catalpol promoted the proliferation of cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs subjected to OGD insult in vitro. Interestingly, the impact of catalpol on cultured cells was also inhibited by SU5416. Moreover, catalpol was shown to protect NSCs against OGD indirectly by promoting BMEC proliferation in the co-cultured system. Taken together, catalpol showed therapeutic potential in cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis and NSC proliferation and differentiation. The protective effects of catalpol were mediated through VEGF-A/KDR pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ningxi Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Elhamrawy EA, Shoman H, Abdel-Tawab H, Bahbah EI, Elattar RS, Hussein NR, Sonbol M, Elsheikh AA. Oxidative stress and early mortality in acute ischemic stroke: A prospective cohort study. Neurol Res 2023; 45:1003-1010. [PMID: 37652662 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2252284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an oxidative stress biomarker, which represents a unifying mechanism of brain injury that occurs throughout the ischemic stroke cascade. The current study aimed to examine whether or not acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who had elevated serum MDA levels at admission had an increased risk of mortality and a worse functional outcome three months later. METHODS An observational, prospective cohort study that enrolled 90 patients with AIS. The patients were examined in the first 24 hours and then followed up for three months to assess mortality, short-term neurological functional outcome, and neurological disability by the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). RESULTS The mean of serum MDA level among AIS patients was 6.3 ± 3.7 nmol/ml. Non-survivor cases were associated with statistically significantly higher serum MDA levels compared to survivors (9.7 ± 4.3 vs. 5.3 ± 2.8, p < 0.001), respectively. Patients with severe stroke, according to NIHSS score, were associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher MDA levels compared to moderate and mild cases (7.4 ± 4.3 vs. 5.4 ± 2.6 vs. 3.3 ± .6). At a cutoff point of ≥ 6.7 nmol/ml, the area under the curve (AUC) for serum MDA levels as a predictor of mortality was 0.8 (0.69-0.91; p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 77%, 80%, 89.5%, and 48.5%, respectively. Multivariate regression demonstrated that MDA level was a significant independent predictor of mortality among patients with AIS (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.65; p = 0.041). CONCLUSION MDA serum level was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors patients, so MDA could be used as a predictor for early mortality and short-term outcome of cases with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Elhamrawy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Shoman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayam Abdel-Tawab
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eshak I Bahbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Rasha Sobhy Elattar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naema R Hussein
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sonbol
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa AbdElghany Elsheikh
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Larrea A, Elexpe A, Díez-Martín E, Torrecilla M, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gómez G. Neuroinflammation in the Evolution of Motor Function in Stroke and Trauma Patients: Treatment and Potential Biomarkers. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8552-8585. [PMID: 37998716 PMCID: PMC10670324 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has a significant impact on different pathologies, such as stroke or spinal cord injury, intervening in their pathophysiology: expansion, progression, and resolution. Neuroinflammation involves oxidative stress, damage, and cell death, playing an important role in neuroplasticity and motor dysfunction by affecting the neuronal connection responsible for motor control. The diagnosis of this pathology is performed using neuroimaging techniques and molecular diagnostics based on identifying and measuring signaling molecules or specific markers. In parallel, new therapeutic targets are being investigated via the use of bionanomaterials and electrostimulation to modulate the neuroinflammatory response. These novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have the potential to facilitate the development of anticipatory patterns and deliver the most beneficial treatment to improve patients' quality of life and directly impact their motor skills. However, important challenges remain to be solved. Hence, the goal of this study was to review the implication of neuroinflammation in the evolution of motor function in stroke and trauma patients, with a particular focus on novel methods and potential biomarkers to aid clinicians in diagnosis, treatment, and therapy. A specific analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities was conducted, highlighting the key challenges to be faced in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrea
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Ane Elexpe
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
| | - Eguzkiñe Díez-Martín
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - María Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
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Li Y, Schappell LE, Polizu C, DiPersio J, Tsirka SE, Halterman MW, Nadkarni NA. Evolving Clinical-Translational Investigations of Cerebroprotection in Ischemic Stroke. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6715. [PMID: 37959180 PMCID: PMC10649331 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a highly morbid disease, with over 50% of large vessel stroke (middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery terminus occlusion) patients suffering disability despite maximal acute reperfusion therapy with thrombolysis and thrombectomy. The discovery of the ischemic penumbra in the 1980s laid the foundation for a salvageable territory in ischemic stroke. Since then, the concept of neuroprotection has been a focus of post-stroke care to (1) minimize the conversion from penumbra to core irreversible infarct, (2) limit secondary damage from ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation, and excitotoxicity and (3) to encourage tissue repair. However, despite multiple studies, the preclinical-clinical research enterprise has not yet created an agent that mitigates post-stroke outcomes beyond thrombolysis and mechanical clot retrieval. These translational gaps have not deterred the scientific community as agents are under continuous investigation. The NIH has recently promoted the concept of cerebroprotection to consider the whole brain post-stroke rather than just the neurons. This review will briefly outline the translational science of past, current, and emerging breakthroughs in cerebroprotection and use of these foundational ideas to develop a novel paradigm for optimizing stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| | - Laurel E. Schappell
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA;
| | - Claire Polizu
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| | - James DiPersio
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| | - Stella E. Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA;
| | - Marc W. Halterman
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| | - Neil A. Nadkarni
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
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Cai X, Song S, Hu J, Wang L, Shen D, Zhu Q, Yang W, Luo Q, Hong J, Li N. Systemic Inflammation Response Index as a Predictor of Stroke Risk in Elderly Patients with Hypertension: A Cohort Study. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4821-4832. [PMID: 37901383 PMCID: PMC10612501 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s433190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and the risk of stroke and its subtypes in elderly patients with hypertension and to explore its predictive accuracy and any potential effect modifiers. Methods The study included 4749 participants with no history of stroke at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Interaction tests and subgroup analyses were conducted. The predictive performance of various inflammatory indicators for stroke was compared using the area under the curve (AUC), continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results During a median follow-up period of 3.2 years, 640 strokes were recorded, of which 526 were ischemic and the remainder hemorrhagic. After adjustment for confounders, compared to the reference group, the HRs (95% CI) of stroke were 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01-1.64) and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.14-1.88) for participants in the second and third tertiles, respectively. We observed interactions between SIRI and homocysteine levels (< 15 vs. ≥ 15 μmol/L) (p for interaction = 0.014) on ischemic stroke risk. Furthermore, the AUC, NRI, and IDI analyses demonstrated that SIRI exhibited better predictive value for stroke risk when compared to other indicators. Similar results were observed for both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Conclusion Elevated SIRI levels were significantly associated with the risk of stroke and its subtypes in elderly patients with hypertension, suggesting its potential as a promising indicator for stroke risk in this population. However, larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Cai
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaiwei Song
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junli Hu
- Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Shen
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Hong
- Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanfang Li
- Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
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81
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Schuhmann MK, Langhauser F, Zimmermann L, Bellut M, Kleinschnitz C, Fluri F. Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Lymphocyte Infiltration and Reduces Infarct Size in Experimental Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15540. [PMID: 37958527 PMCID: PMC10648192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is associated with exacerbated tissue damage caused by the activation of immune cells and the initiation of other inflammatory processes. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is known to modulate the immune response, activate antioxidative pathways, and improve the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after stroke. However, the specific impact of DMF on immune cells after cerebral ischemia remains unclear. In our study, male mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 30 min and received oral DMF (15 mg/kg) or a vehicle immediately after tMCAO, followed by twice-daily administrations for 7 days. Infarct volume was assessed on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images on days 1 and 7 after tMCAO. Brain-infiltrating immune cells (lymphocytes, monocytes) and microglia were quantified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. DMF treatment significantly reduced infarct volumes and brain edema. On day 1 after tMCAO, DMF-treated mice showed reduced lymphocyte infiltration compared to controls, which was not observed on day 7. Monocyte and microglial cell counts did not differ between groups on either day. In the acute phase of stroke, DMF administration attenuated lymphocyte infiltration, probably due to its stabilizing effect on the BBB. This highlights the potential of DMF as a therapeutic candidate for mitigating immune cell-driven damage in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Schuhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (M.K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Friederike Langhauser
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (F.L.); (C.K.)
| | - Lena Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (M.K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Maximilian Bellut
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (M.K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (F.L.); (C.K.)
| | - Felix Fluri
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (M.K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.B.)
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82
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Li Y, Changhong Y, Liyu Y, Changchang M, Zeng L, Yue L, Jing Z. Transcription Factor Forkhead Box P (Foxp) 1 Reduces Brain Damage During Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice Through FUN14 Domain-containing Protein 1. Neuroscience 2023; 530:1-16. [PMID: 37625686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy plays a significant role in modulating the activation of pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is a major contributor to the inflammatory response that exacerbates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Despite this, the transcriptional regulation mechanism that governs mitophagy remains unclear. This study sought to explore the potential mechanism of Forkhead Box P1 (Foxp1) and its impact on cerebral I/R injury. We investigated the potential neuroprotective role of Foxp1 in cerebral I/R injury by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. Additionally, we assessed whether FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1) could rescue the protective effect of Foxp1. Our results showed that overexpression of Foxp1 prevented brain damage during cerebral I/R injury and promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation, whereas knockdown of Foxp1 had the opposite effect. Notably, Foxp1 overexpression directly promotes FUNDC1 expression, enhanced mitophagy activation, and inhibited the inflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we confirmed through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays that FUNDC1 is a direct target gene of Foxp1 downstream. Furthermore, the knockdown of FUNDC1 reversed the increased activation of mitophagy and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by Foxp1 overexpression. Collectively, our findings suggest that Foxp1 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through FUNDC1 to reduce cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Changhong
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liyu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Meng Changchang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Linggao Zeng
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Li Yue
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhao Jing
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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83
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Nagase T, Kin K, Yasuhara T. Targeting Neurogenesis in Seeking Novel Treatments for Ischemic Stroke. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2773. [PMID: 37893146 PMCID: PMC10604112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interruption of cerebral blood flow leads to ischemic cell death and results in ischemic stroke. Although ischemic stroke is one of the most important causes of long-term disability and mortality, limited treatments are available for functional recovery. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted to identify novel treatments. Neurogenesis is regarded as a fundamental mechanism of neural plasticity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting neurogenesis are thought to be promising. Basic research has found that therapeutic intervention including cell therapy, rehabilitation, and pharmacotherapy increased neurogenesis and was accompanied by functional recovery after ischemic stroke. In this review, we consolidated the current knowledge of the relationship between neurogenesis and treatment for ischemic stroke. It revealed that many treatments for ischemic stroke, including clinical and preclinical ones, have enhanced brain repair and functional recovery post-stroke along with neurogenesis. However, the intricate mechanisms of neurogenesis and its impact on stroke recovery remain areas of extensive research, with numerous factors and pathways involved. Understanding neurogenesis will lead to more effective stroke treatments, benefiting not only stroke patients but also those with other neurological disorders. Further research is essential to bridge the gap between preclinical discoveries and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nagase
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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84
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Eitelmann S, Everaerts K, Petersilie L, Rose CR, Stephan J. Ca 2+-dependent rapid uncoupling of astrocytes upon brief metabolic stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1151608. [PMID: 37886111 PMCID: PMC10598858 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1151608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic gap junctional coupling is a major element in neuron-glia interaction. There is strong evidence that impaired coupling is involved in neurological disorders. Reduced coupling was, e.g., demonstrated for core regions of ischemic stroke that suffer from massive cell death. In the surrounding penumbra, cells may recover, but recovery is hampered by spreading depolarizations, which impose additional metabolic stress onto the tissue. Spreading depolarizations are characterized by transient breakdown of cellular ion homeostasis, including pH and Ca2+, which might directly affect gap junctional coupling. Here, we exposed acute mouse neocortical tissue slices to brief metabolic stress and examined its effects on the coupling strength between astrocytes. Changes in gap junctional coupling were assessed by recordings of the syncytial isopotentiality. Moreover, quantitative ion imaging was performed in astrocytes to analyze the mechanisms triggering the observed changes. Our experiments show that a 2-minute perfusion of tissue slices with blockers of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation causes a rapid uncoupling in half of the recorded cells. They further indicate that uncoupling is not mediated by the accompanying (moderate) intracellular acidification. Dampening large astrocytic Ca2+ loads by removal of extracellular Ca2+ or blocking Ca2+ influx pathways as well as a pharmacological inhibition of calmodulin, however, prevent the uncoupling. Taken together, we conclude that astrocytes exposed to brief episodes of metabolic stress can undergo a rapid, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent uncoupling. Such uncoupling may help to confine and reduce cellular damage in the ischemic penumbra in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christine R. Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonathan Stephan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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85
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Nakamura A, Sakai S, Taketomi Y, Tsuyama J, Miki Y, Hara Y, Arai N, Sugiura Y, Kawaji H, Murakami M, Shichita T. PLA2G2E-mediated lipid metabolism triggers brain-autonomous neural repair after ischemic stroke. Neuron 2023; 111:2995-3010.e9. [PMID: 37490917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The brain is generally resistant to regeneration after damage. The cerebral endogenous mechanisms triggering brain self-recovery have remained unclarified to date. We here discovered that the secreted phospholipase PLA2G2E from peri-infarct neurons generated dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) as necessary for triggering brain-autonomous neural repair after ischemic brain injury. Pla2g2e deficiency diminished the expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (Padi4), a global transcriptional regulator in peri-infarct neurons. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and epigenetic analysis demonstrated that neuronal PADI4 had the potential for the transcriptional activation of genes associated with recovery processes after ischemic stroke through histone citrullination. Among various DGLA metabolites, we identified 15-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) as the cerebral metabolite that induced PADI4 in peri-infarct-surviving neurons. Administration of 15-HETrE enhanced functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Thus, our research clarifies the promising potential of brain-autonomous neural repair triggered by the specialized lipids that initiate self-recovery processes after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Nakamura
- Stroke Renaissance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Neuroinflammation and Repair, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakai
- Stroke Renaissance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Neuroinflammation and Repair, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Tsuyama
- Stroke Renaissance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Neuroinflammation and Repair, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hara
- Research Center for Genome & Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Arai
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Research Center for Genome & Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Shichita
- Stroke Renaissance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Neuroinflammation and Repair, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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86
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Fan PL, Wang SS, Chu SF, Chen NH. Time-dependent dual effect of microglia in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105584. [PMID: 37454817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Stroke, the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is classified into ischemic or hemorrhagic, in which approximately 85% of strokes are ischemic. Ischemic stroke occurs as a result of arterial occlusion due to embolus or thrombus, with ischemia in the perfusion territory supplied by the occluded artery. The traditional concept that ischemic stroke is solely a vascular occlusion disorder has been expanded to include the dynamic interaction between microglia, astrocytes, neurons, vascular cells, and matrix components forming the "neurovascular unit." Acute ischemic stroke triggers a wide spectrum of neurovascular disturbances, glial activation, and secondary neuroinflammation that promotes further injury, ultimately resulting in neuronal death. Microglia, as the resident macrophages in the central nervous system, is one of the first responders to ischemic injury and plays a significant role in post-ischemic neuroinflammation. In this review, we reviewed the mechanisms of microglia in multiple stages of post-ischemic neuroinflammation development, including acute, sub-acute and chronic phases of stroke. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic variation and the time-dependent role of microglia in post-stroke neuroinflammation could aid in the search for more effective therapeutics and diagnostic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Long Fan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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87
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Liu Z, Wang J, Jin X, Gao P, Zhao Y, Yin M, Ma X, Xin Z, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Gao W. 1,8-Cineole Alleviates OGD/R-Induced Oxidative Damage and Restores Mitochondrial Function by Promoting the Nrf2 Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1371-1384. [PMID: 37532524 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of 1,8-cineole on reducing oxidative stress injury and restoring mitochondrial function in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) HT22 cells via the nuclear factor erythrocyte 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The optimal concentration of 1,8-cineole to reduce OGD/R injury was screened via cell morphology, cell survival rate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate. Oxidative damage was observed by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation (LPO) content, and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) expression. Mitochondrial function was observed by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATPase activity. Nrf2 pathways were observed by the expression levels of total Nrf2, nucleus Nrf2, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the mRNA levels of HO-1 and NQO1. Among different concentrations of 1,8-cineole for promoting HT22 cell proliferation and attenuated OGD/R injury, 10 µmol/L 1,8-cineole was the best. After 1,8-cineole treatment, SOD, GSH-PX, and CAT activities and GSH content increased, while ROS, MDA, LPO, protein carbonyl, and 8-OHDG levels decreased. 1,8-Cineole could restore MMP and increase mitochondrial enzyme activity. It could also increase the total Nrf2, nucleus Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1, and Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol reduced the effect of 1,8-cineole. Immunofluorescence assay showed that 1,8-cineole could facilitate the transfer of Nrf2 into the nucleus. 1,8-cineole increased the mRNA levels of NQO1 and HO-1. The above results showed that 1,8-cineole could alleviate OGD/R-induced oxidative damage and restores mitochondrial function by activating the Nrf2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaofei Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ping Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yanmeng Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Meijuan Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xian Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ziyuan Xin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuemou Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Weijuan Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
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Sun S, Lv W, Li S, Zhang Q, He W, Min Z, Teng C, Chen Y, Liu L, Yin J, Zhu B, Xu M, Dai D, Xin H. Smart Liposomal Nanocarrier Enhanced the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke through Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) Pathway Inhibition of Ischemic Penumbra. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17845-17857. [PMID: 37712845 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain inflammation is regarded as one of the leading causes that aggravates secondary brain injury and hinders the prognosis of ischemic stroke. After ischemic stroke, high quantities of peripheral neutrophils are recruited to brain lesions and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), leading to the aggravation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, activation of microglia, and ultimate neuronal death. Herein, a smart multifunctional delivery system has been developed to regulate immune disorders in the ischemic brain. Briefly, Cl-amidine, an inhibitor of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), is encapsulated into self-assembled liposomal nanocarriers (C-Lipo/CA) that are modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymers and fibrin-binding peptide to achieve targeting ischemic lesions and stimuli-responsive release of a drug. In the mouse model of cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO), C-Lipo/CA can suppress the NETs release process (NETosis) and further inhibit the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway in an ischemic brain. In addition, MCAO mice treated with C-Lipo/CA significantly mitigated ischemic and reperfusion injury, with a reduction in the area of cerebral infarction to 12.1%, compared with the saline group of about 46.7%. These results demonstrated that C-Lipo/CA, which integrated microglia regulation, BBB protection, and neuron survival, exerts a potential therapy strategy to maximize ameliorating the mortality of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Wuxi 214400, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weichong He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhiyi Min
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chuanhui Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Linfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiaqing Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Health Emergency, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Health Emergency, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dongwei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Saceleanu VM, Toader C, Ples H, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Bratu BG, Dumitrascu DI, Bordeianu A, Corlatescu AD, Ciurea AV. Integrative Approaches in Acute Ischemic Stroke: From Symptom Recognition to Future Innovations. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2617. [PMID: 37892991 PMCID: PMC10604797 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the high prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases nowadays, acute ischemic stroke stands out, representing a significant worldwide health issue with important socio-economic implications. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are important milestones for the management of this multifaceted pathology, making understanding the various stroke-onset symptoms crucial. A key role in acute ischemic stroke management is emphasizing the essential role of a multi-disciplinary team, therefore, increasing the efficiency of recognition and treatment. Neuroimaging and neuroradiology have evolved dramatically over the years, with multiple approaches that provide a higher understanding of the morphological aspects as well as timely recognition of cerebral artery occlusions for effective therapy planning. Regarding the treatment matter, the pharmacological approach, particularly fibrinolytic therapy, has its merits and challenges. Endovascular thrombectomy, a game-changer in stroke management, has witnessed significant advances, with technologies like stent retrievers and aspiration catheters playing pivotal roles. For select patients, combining pharmacological and endovascular strategies offers evidence-backed benefits. The aim of our comprehensive study on acute ischemic stroke is to efficiently compare the current therapies, recognize novel possibilities from the literature, and describe the state of the art in the interdisciplinary approach to acute ischemic stroke. As we aspire for holistic patient management, the emphasis is not just on medical intervention but also on physical therapy, mental health, and community engagement. The future holds promising innovations, with artificial intelligence poised to reshape stroke diagnostics and treatments. Bridging the gap between groundbreaking research and clinical practice remains a challenge, urging continuous collaboration and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicentiu Mircea Saceleanu
- Neurosurgery Department, Sibiu County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania;
- Neurosurgery Department, “Lucian Blaga” University of Medicine, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.B.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horia Ples
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300736 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.B.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.B.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.B.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.B.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Andrei Bordeianu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.B.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.B.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.B.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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90
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Reid MM, Belayev L, Khoutorova L, Mukherjee PK, Obenaus A, Shelvin K, Knowles S, Hong SH, Bazan NG. Integrated inflammatory signaling landscape response after delivering Elovanoid free-fatty-acid precursors leading to experimental stroke neuroprotection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15841. [PMID: 37740008 PMCID: PMC10516907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to identify modulatory neuroprotective mechanisms of damaging ischemic stroke cascade signaling, a void remains on an effective potential therapeutic. The present study defines neuroprotection by very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA) Elovanoid (ELV) precursors C-32:6 and C-34:6 delivered intranasally following experimental ischemic stroke. We demonstrate that these precursors improved neurological deficit, decreased T2WI lesion volume, and increased SMI-71 positive blood vessels and NeuN positive neurons, indicating blood-brain barrier (BBB) protection and neurogenesis modulated by the free fatty acids (FFAs) C-32:6 and C-34:6. Gene expression revealed increased anti-inflammatory and pro-homeostatic genes and decreases in expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the subcortex. Additionally, the FFAs elicit a comprehensive downregulation of inflammatory microglia/monocyte-derived macrophages and astrocyte-associated genes in the subcortical region. Functional analysis reveals inhibition of immune-related pathways and production of upstream molecules related to detrimental signaling events in post-stroke acute and subacute phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madigan M Reid
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ludmila Belayev
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Larissa Khoutorova
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kierany Shelvin
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Stacey Knowles
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sung-Ha Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- UT Health, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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91
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Puig N, Solé A, Aguilera-Simon A, Griñán R, Rotllan N, Camps-Renom P, Benitez S. Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent Atherothrombotic Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14325. [PMID: 37762627 PMCID: PMC10531661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombotic stroke represents approximately 20% of all ischemic strokes. It is caused by large-artery atherosclerosis, mostly in the internal carotid artery, and it is associated with a high risk of early recurrence. After an ischemic stroke, tissue plasminogen activator is used in clinical practice, although it is not possible in all patients. In severe clinical situations, such as high carotid stenosis (≥70%), revascularization by carotid endarterectomy or by stent placement is carried out to avoid recurrences. In stroke prevention, the pharmacological recommendations are based on antithrombotic, lipid-lowering, and antihypertensive therapy. Inflammation is a promising target in stroke prevention, particularly in ischemic strokes associated with atherosclerosis. However, the use of anti-inflammatory strategies has been scarcely studied. No clinical trials are clearly successful and most preclinical studies are focused on protection after a stroke. The present review describes novel therapies addressed to counteract inflammation in the prevention of the first-ever or recurrent stroke. The putative clinical use of broad-spectrum and specific anti-inflammatory drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of atherosclerosis, will be outlined. Further studies are necessary to ascertain which patients may benefit from anti-inflammatory agents and how.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Puig
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-S.); (R.G.)
| | - Arnau Solé
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana Aguilera-Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-S.); (R.G.)
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Griñán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-S.); (R.G.)
- Pathofisiology of Lipid-Related Deseases, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Pathofisiology of Lipid-Related Deseases, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pol Camps-Renom
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (A.S.)
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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92
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Schiano C, Luongo L, Maione S, Napoli C. Mediator complex in neurological disease. Life Sci 2023; 329:121986. [PMID: 37516429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injuries, stroke (haemorrhagic and ischemic), and inherent neurodegenerative diseases cause acquired disability in humans, representing a leading cause of death worldwide. The Mediator complex (MED) is a large, evolutionarily conserved multiprotein that facilities the interaction between transcription factors and RNA Polymerase II in eukaryotes. Some MED subunits have been found altered in the brain, although their specific functions in neurodegenerative diseases are not fully understood. Mutations in MED subunits were associated with a wide range of genetic diseases for MED12, MED13, MED13L, MED20, MED23, MED25, and CDK8 genes. In addition, MED12 and MED23 were deregulated in the Alzheimer's Disease. Interestingly, most of the genomic mutations have been found in the subunits of the kinase module. To date, there is only one evidence on MED1 involvement in post-stroke cognitive deficits. Although the underlying neurodegenerative disorders may be different, we are confident that the signal cascades of the biological-cognitive mechanisms of brain adaptation, which begin after brain deterioration, may also differ. Here, we analysed relevant studies in English published up to June 2023. They were identified through a search of electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Scopus, including search terms such as "Mediator complex", "neurological disease", "brains". Thematic content analysis was conducted to collect and summarize all studies demonstrating MED alteration to understand the role of this central transcriptional regulatory complex in the brain. Improved and deeper knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms in neurological diseases can increase the ability of physicians to predict onset and progression, thereby improving diagnostic care and providing appropriate treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy.
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy; IRCSS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy; IRCSS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy; Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Italy
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93
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Wang Q, Yang Z, Guo L, Li Z, Liu Y, Feng S, Wang Y. Chemical composition, pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies of GuHong injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1261326. [PMID: 37745083 PMCID: PMC10512552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1261326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
GuHong injection is composed of safflower and N-acetyl-L-glutamine. It is widely used in clinical for cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke and related diseases. The objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize the most recent information related to GuHong in the treatment of stroke, including chemical composition, clinical studies, potential pharmacological mechanisms and pharmacokinetics. Additionally, it examines possible scientific gaps in current study and aims to provide a reliable reference for future GuHong studies. The systematic review reveals that the chemical composition of safflower in GuHong is more than 300 chemical components in five categories. GuHong injection is primarily used in clinical applications for acute ischemic stroke and related diseases. Pharmacological investigations have indicated that GuHong acts in the early and recovery stages of ischemic stroke by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-coagulation, neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic mechanisms simultaneously. Pharmacokinetic studies found that the main exposed substances in rat plasma after GuHong administration are hydroxysafflor yellow A and N-acetyl-L-glutamine, and N-acetyl-L-glutamine could exert its pharmacological effect across the blood-brain barrier. As a combination of Chinese herb and chemical drug, GuHong injection has great value in drug research and clinical treatment, especially for ischemic stroke disease. This article represents a comprehensive and systematic review of existing studies on GuHong injection, including chemical composition, pharmacological mechanism, and pharmacokinetics, which provides reference significance for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke with GuHong, as well as provides guidance for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuli Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoling Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Tianjin Beichen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tianjin, China
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94
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Mitchell JW, Gillette MU. Development of circadian neurovascular function and its implications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196606. [PMID: 37732312 PMCID: PMC10507717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular system forms the interface between the tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood. It plays a critical role in regulating movement of ions, small molecules, and cellular regulators into and out of brain tissue and in sustaining brain health. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the cells that form the structural and functional link between cells of the brain and the vasculature, maintains the blood-brain interface (BBI), controls cerebral blood flow, and surveils for injury. The neurovascular system is dynamic; it undergoes tight regulation of biochemical and cellular interactions to balance and support brain function. Development of an intrinsic circadian clock enables the NVU to anticipate rhythmic changes in brain activity and body physiology that occur over the day-night cycle. The development of circadian neurovascular function involves multiple cell types. We address the functional aspects of the circadian clock in the components of the NVU and their effects in regulating neurovascular physiology, including BBI permeability, cerebral blood flow, and inflammation. Disrupting the circadian clock impairs a number of physiological processes associated with the NVU, many of which are correlated with an increased risk of dysfunction and disease. Consequently, understanding the cell biology and physiology of the NVU is critical to diminishing consequences of impaired neurovascular function, including cerebral bleeding and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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95
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Chen J, Chen G, Xu X, Chen L, Zhang J, Liu F. Bibliometric analysis and visualized study of research on autophagy in ischemic stroke. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1232114. [PMID: 37731738 PMCID: PMC10507179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1232114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To summarize and clarify the current research status and indicate possible future directions in the field of autophagy in ischemic stroke, we performed a comprehensive and multidimensional bibliometric analysis of the literature in this field published from 2011 to 2022. Methods: We retrieved articles on the field of autophagy in ischemic stroke published between 2011 and 2022 from Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). VOSviewer (version 1.6.19) and CiteSpace (version 6.2.R2 Basic) were used to identify the leading topics as well as generate visual maps of Countries/regions, organizations, authors, journals, and keyword networks in the related field. Results: A total of 568 publications were contained in this research. The journal with the most publications were Front Pharmacol, Mol Neurobiol, and Neuroscience. China was the most productive country with respect to co-authorship, with the Capital Med Univ being the organization with the most. co-authorships. In terms of authorship analysis, eight of the top 10 most contributive authors were from China. The co-occurring author keywords can be divided into three main clusters, including "protective effect of autophagy in ischemic stroke," "autophagy-targeted therapy for ischemic stroke," and "mitochondrial function in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury". Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis helps us reveal the current research hotspots in the research field of autophagy in ischemic stroke and guide future research directions. Subsequent trends in this special field are likely to identify and develop novel autophagy-targeted therapy strategies to effectively prevent and treat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaijie Chen
- Health Management Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Operating Room, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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96
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Jin T, Leng B. Cynaropicrin Averts the Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of NF-kB. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5424-5438. [PMID: 35838888 PMCID: PMC10457408 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia and successive reperfusion are the prevailing cause of cerebral stroke. Currently cerebral stroke is considered to be one of the prior causes for high mortality, disability, and morbidity. Cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, exhibits various pharmacologic properties and also has an anti-inflammatory property associated with the suppression of the key pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. The protective effect of cynaropicrin against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation during CIR injury through the modulation of NF-κB pathway was studied in the current investigation. The experimental rats split into 5 groups as sham-operated control group (group 1), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced rats (group 2), MCAO rats treated with cynaropicrin (diluted in saline) immediately 2 h after MCAO with 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg administration orally were designated as groups 3, 4, and 5, respectively. In MCAO-induced animals, the severity of ischemic was evident by the elevated level nitrate, MDA, MMPs, inflammatory mediators, Bax, caspase-3, and NF-κB. The level of Nrf-2, antioxidant enzymes, Bcl-2, and IL-10 was reduced in the MCAO-induced animals. Treatment with cynaropicrin in dosage-based manner increased the level of antioxidant enzymes, IL-10, Nrf-2, and Bcl-2 in the animals which indicates the antioxidative effect of cynaropicrin. The level of nitrate, MDA, MMPs, proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, Bax, caspase-3, and NF-κB was reduced in the rats treated with cynaropicrin in a dosage-based manner. Experimental animals treated with cynaropicrin in a dosage-dependent way showed a defensive mechanism against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12, Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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97
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Lu W, Wen J. H 2S-RhoA/ROCK Pathway and Glial Cells in Axonal Remyelination After Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5493-5504. [PMID: 37322287 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the main reasons of disability and death. Stroke-induced functional deficits are mainly due to the secondary degeneration of the white matter characterized by axonal demyelination and injury of axon-glial integrity. Enhancement of the axonal regeneration and remyelination could promote the neural functional recovery. However, cerebral ischemia-induced activation of RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway plays a crucial and harmful role in the process of axonal recovery and regeneration. Inhibition of this pathway could promote the axonal regeneration and remyelination. In addition, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has the significant neuroprotective role during the recovery of ischemic stroke via inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, regulating astrocyte function, promoting the differentiation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to mature oligodendrocyte. Among all of these effects, promoting the formation of mature oligodendrocyte is a crucial part of axonal regeneration and remyelination. Furthermore, numerous studies have uncovered the crosstalk between astrocytes and oligodendrocyte, microglial cells and oligodendrocyte in the axonal remyelination following ischemic stroke. The purpose of this review was to discuss the relationship among H2S, RhoA/ROCK pathway, astrocytes, and microglial cells in the axonal remyelination following ischemic stroke to reveal new strategies for preventing and treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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98
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Brunelli S, Giannella E, Bizzaglia M, De Angelis D, Sancesario GM. Secondary neurodegeneration following Stroke: what can blood biomarkers tell us? Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198216. [PMID: 37719764 PMCID: PMC10502514 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and the primary source of disability in adults, resulting in neuronal necrosis of ischemic areas, and in possible secondary degeneration of regions surrounding or distant to the initial damaged area. Secondary neurodegeneration (SNDG) following stroke has been shown to have different pathogenetic origins including inflammation, neurovascular response and cytotoxicity, but can be associated also to regenerative processes. Aside from focal neuronal loss, ipsilateral and contralateral effects distal to the lesion site, disruptions of global functional connectivity and a transcallosal diaschisis have been reported in the chronic stages after stroke. Furthermore, SNDG can be observed in different areas not directly connected to the primary lesion, such as thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, substantia nigra, corpus callosum, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus, which can be highlighted by neuroimaging techniques. Although the clinical relevance of SNDG following stroke has not been well understood, the identification of specific biomarkers that reflect the brain response to the damage, is of paramount importance to investigate in vivo the different phases of stroke. Actually, brain-derived markers, particularly neurofilament light chain, tau protein, S100b, in post-stroke patients have yielded promising results. This review focuses on cerebral morphological modifications occurring after a stroke, on associated cellular and molecular changes and on state-of-the-art of biomarkers in acute and chronic phase. Finally, we discuss new perspectives regarding the implementation of blood-based biomarkers in clinical practice to improve the rehabilitation approaches and post stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Brunelli
- NeuroRehabilitation Unit 4, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Giannella
- Clinical Neurochemistry Unit and Biobank, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Bizzaglia
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Li Y, Li J, Yu Q, Ji L, Peng B. METTL14 regulates microglia/macrophage polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation after ischemic stroke by the KAT3B-STING axis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106253. [PMID: 37541353 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke, whereas the role of methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) in ischemic stroke remains unknown. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in HAPI cells were used to simulate ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro. We found that METTL14 level was upregulated in microglia/macrophage after MCAO and OGD/R. METTL14 enhanced the expression of KAT3B by promoting the m6A modification of KAT3B mRNA. STING has been identified as a target for KAT3B and KAT3B increased STING expression by enhancing H3K27ac in the STING promoter. METTL14 promoted M1 polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis by the KAT3B-STING signaling after OGD/R. METTL14 depletion relieved brain injury by inhibiting M1-like microglia/macrophage polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis in MCAO rats. These findings indicate that METTL14 depletion relieves MCAO-induced brain injury, probably via switching microglia/macrophage from M1 towards M2 and restraining NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis in microglia/macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiacen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Ugiliweneza B, Boakye M, Ohri SS, Whittemore SR, Hetman M. Associations Between Diurnal Timing of Spinal Cord Injury and Its Etiology and Co-Morbidities. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1959-1969. [PMID: 36628481 PMCID: PMC10460688 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a role in time-of-day differences in risk, presenting severity and outcomes of stroke. Injury time-of-day effects, however, on occurrence, presenting severity and acute hospital outcomes have not been yet reported in patients with neurotrauma. Therefore, acute post-spinal cord injury hospitalization records of 759 patients from the prospective NACTN registry that contained information about the time of injury were analyzed. No major demographic differences were observed between groups with time of injury between 6:00-12:00, 12:00-18:00, 18:00-24:00, or 0:00-6:00. Two etiological factors including falls or sports/recreation-related accidents showed significant effects of time of injury with peaks in the 6:00-12:00 or 18:00-24:00 groups, respectively. History of diabetes or drug abuse was also significantly related to injury timing peaking in 6:00-12:00 or 18:00-24:00 groups, respectively. ASIA score-determined presenting severity during the first week post-injury was not significantly affected by timing of injury. Pairwise comparisons, however, revealed worse motor but not sensory ASIA scores after injuries at 24:00-6:00 than any other group. These data suggest diurnal modulation of spinal cord injury risk because of specific mechanisms such as falls or sports-related accidents. Moreover, some co-morbidities may interact with those injury mechanisms as exemplified by the established risk elevation of falls in those with diabetes mellitus. Finally, while diurnal timing of the injury may modulate presenting severity, more patient records are needed to verify those effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ugiliweneza
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and Departments of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Health Management and Systems Science, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Maxwell Boakye
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and Departments of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sujata Saraswat Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and Departments of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Scott R. Whittemore
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and Departments of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, and University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michal Hetman
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and Departments of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, and University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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