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Sun S, Xu Y, Yu N, Zhang M, Wang J, Wan D, Tian Z, Zhu H. Catalpol Alleviates Ischemic Stroke Through Promoting Angiogenesis and Facilitating Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via the VEGF-A/KDR Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6227-6247. [PMID: 37439957 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death globally with a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Catalpol is a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmannia glutinosa and it has been shown to be protective against various neurological diseases. The potential roles of catalpol against ischemic stroke are still not completely clear. In this study, we examined the effect and mechanism of catalpol against ischemic stroke using in vivo rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. We demonstrated that catalpol indeed attenuated the neurological deficits caused by dMCAO and improved neurological function. Catalpol remarkably promoted angiogenesis, promoted proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and prevented neuronal loss and astrocyte activation in the ischemic cortex or hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in vivo. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR, VEGFR-2) inhibitor SU5416 and VEGF-A shRNA were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that SU5416 administration or VEGF-A-shRNA transfection both attenuated the effects of catalpol. We also found that catalpol promoted the proliferation of cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs subjected to OGD insult in vitro. Interestingly, the impact of catalpol on cultured cells was also inhibited by SU5416. Moreover, catalpol was shown to protect NSCs against OGD indirectly by promoting BMEC proliferation in the co-cultured system. Taken together, catalpol showed therapeutic potential in cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis and NSC proliferation and differentiation. The protective effects of catalpol were mediated through VEGF-A/KDR pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ningxi Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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52
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Ortega-Gascó A, Parcerisas A, Hino K, Herranz-Pérez V, Ulloa F, Elias-Tersa A, Bosch M, García-Verdugo JM, Simó S, Pujadas L, Soriano E. Regulation of young-adult neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation by neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2). Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10931-10948. [PMID: 37724425 PMCID: PMC10629901 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis persists in mammals in the neurogenic zones, where newborn neurons are incorporated into preexisting circuits to preserve and improve learning and memory tasks. Relevant structural elements of the neurogenic niches include the family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which participate in signal transduction and regulate the survival, division, and differentiation of radial glial progenitors (RGPs). Here we analyzed the functions of neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) in the regulation of RGPs in adult neurogenesis and during corticogenesis. We characterized the presence of NCAM2 across the main cell types of the neurogenic process in the dentate gyrus, revealing different levels of NCAM2 amid the progression of RGPs and the formation of neurons. We showed that Ncam2 overexpression in adult mice arrested progenitors in an RGP-like state, affecting the normal course of young-adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, changes in Ncam2 levels during corticogenesis led to transient migratory deficits but did not affect the survival and proliferation of RGPs, suggesting a differential role of NCAM2 in adult and embryonic stages. Our data reinforce the relevance of CAMs in the neurogenic process by revealing a significant role of Ncam2 levels in the regulation of RGPs during young-adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Engineering, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 13 Laura St., Vic 08500, Spain
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), 70 Roda Rd., Vic 08500, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), S/N Josep Trueta St., Sant Cugat del Vallès 08195, Spain
| | - Keiko Hino
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, 1275 Med Science Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 7 Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch St., València 46010, Spain
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, S/N Vicent Sos Baynat Ave., Castelló de la Plana 12006, Spain
| | - Fausto Ulloa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Alba Elias-Tersa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Miquel Bosch
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), S/N Josep Trueta St., Sant Cugat del Vallès 08195, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 7 Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch St., València 46010, Spain
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, 1275 Med Science Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), 70 Roda Rd., Vic 08500, Spain
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Methodology, Faculty of Heath Sciences and Wellfare, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 7 Sagrada Família St., Vic 08500, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
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53
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Bonfanti L, La Rosa C, Ghibaudi M, Sherwood CC. Adult neurogenesis and "immature" neurons in mammals: an evolutionary trade-off in plasticity? Brain Struct Funct 2023:10.1007/s00429-023-02717-9. [PMID: 37833544 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal plasticity can vary remarkably in its form and degree across animal species. Adult neurogenesis, namely the capacity to produce new neurons from neural stem cells through adulthood, appears widespread in non-mammalian vertebrates, whereas it is reduced in mammals. A growing body of comparative studies also report variation in the occurrence and activity of neural stem cell niches between mammals, with a general trend of reduction from small-brained to large-brained species. Conversely, recent studies have shown that large-brained mammals host large amounts of neurons expressing typical markers of neurogenesis in the absence of cell division. In layer II of the cerebral cortex, populations of prenatally generated, non-dividing neurons continue to express molecules indicative of immaturity throughout life (cortical immature neurons; cINs). After remaining in a dormant state for a very long time, these cINs retain the potential of differentiating into mature neurons that integrate within the preexisting neural circuits. They are restricted to the paleocortex in small-brained rodents, while extending into the widely expanded neocortex of highly gyrencephalic, large-brained species. The current hypothesis is that these populations of non-newly generated "immature" neurons might represent a reservoir of developmentally plastic cells for mammalian species that are characterized by reduced stem cell-driven adult neurogenesis. This indicates that there may be a trade-off between various forms of plasticity that coexist during brain evolution. This balance may be necessary to maintain a "reservoir of plasticity" in brain regions that have distinct roles in species-specific socioecological adaptations, such as the neocortex and olfactory structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bonfanti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Chiara La Rosa
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marco Ghibaudi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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54
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Stephen TKL, Cofresi LA, Quiroz E, Owusu-Ansah K, Ibrahim Y, Qualls E, Marshall J, Li W, Shetti A, Bonds JA, Minshall RD, Cologna SM, Lazarov O. Caveolin-1 Autonomously Regulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis Via Mitochondrial Dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.23.558792. [PMID: 37790360 PMCID: PMC10542167 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.23.558792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) are not fully understood. AHN plays instrumental roles in learning and memory. Understanding the signals that regulate AHN has implications for brain function and therapy. Here we show that Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a protein that is highly enriched in endothelial cells and the principal component of caveolae, autonomously regulates AHN. Conditional deletion of Cav-1 in adult neural progenitor cells (nestin +) led to increased neurogenesis and enhanced performance of mice in contextual discrimination. Proteomic analysis revealed that Cav-1 plays a role in mitochondrial pathways in neural progenitor cells. Importantly, Cav-1 was localized to the mitochondria in neural progenitor cells and modulated mitochondrial fission-fusion, a critical process in neurogenesis. These results suggest that Cav-1 is a novel regulator of AHN and underscore the impact of AHN on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terilyn K. L. Stephen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luis Aponte Cofresi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elvis Quiroz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kofi Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yomna Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellis Qualls
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffery Marshall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aashutosh Shetti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Bonds
- Departmet of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL,USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lead Contact
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55
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Draijer S, Timmerman R, Pannekeet J, van Harten A, Farshadi EA, Kemmer J, van Gilst D, Chaves I, Hoekman MFM. FoxO3 Modulates Circadian Rhythms in Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13662. [PMID: 37686468 PMCID: PMC10563086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both FoxO transcription factors and the circadian clock act on the interface of metabolism and cell cycle regulation and are important regulators of cellular stress and stem cell homeostasis. Importantly, FoxO3 preserves the adult neural stem cell population by regulating cell cycle and cellular metabolism and has been shown to regulate circadian rhythms in the liver. However, whether FoxO3 is a regulator of circadian rhythms in neural stem cells remains unknown. Here, we show that loss of FoxO3 disrupts circadian rhythmicity in cultures of neural stem cells, an effect that is mediated via regulation of Clock transcriptional levels. Using Rev-Erbα-VNP as a reporter, we then demonstrate that loss of FoxO3 does not disrupt circadian rhythmicity at the single cell level. A meta-analysis of published data revealed dynamic co-occupancy of multiple circadian clock components within FoxO3 regulatory regions, indicating that FoxO3 is a Clock-controlled gene. Finally, we examined proliferation in the hippocampus of FoxO3-deficient mice and found that loss of FoxO3 delayed the circadian phase of hippocampal proliferation, indicating that FoxO3 regulates correct timing of NSC proliferation. Taken together, our data suggest that FoxO3 is an integral part of circadian regulation of neural stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swip Draijer
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Raissa Timmerman
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Jesse Pannekeet
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Alexandra van Harten
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Elham Aida Farshadi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julius Kemmer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Demy van Gilst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inês Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco F. M. Hoekman
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
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56
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Mancini L, Guirao B, Ortica S, Labusch M, Cheysson F, Bonnet V, Phan MS, Herbert S, Mahou P, Menant E, Bedu S, Tinevez JY, Baroud C, Beaurepaire E, Bellaiche Y, Bally-Cuif L, Dray N. Apical size and deltaA expression predict adult neural stem cell decisions along lineage progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7519. [PMID: 37656795 PMCID: PMC10854430 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain depends on their activation frequency and division mode. Using long-term intravital imaging of NSCs in the zebrafish adult telencephalon, we reveal that apical surface area and expression of the Notch ligand DeltaA predict these NSC decisions. deltaA-negative NSCs constitute a bona fide self-renewing NSC pool and systematically engage in asymmetric divisions generating a self-renewing deltaAneg daughter, which regains the size and behavior of its mother, and a neurogenic deltaApos daughter, eventually engaged in neuronal production following further quiescence-division phases. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations of Notch, DeltaA, and apical size further show that the prediction of activation frequency by apical size and the asymmetric divisions of deltaAneg NSCs are functionally independent of Notch. These results provide dynamic qualitative and quantitative readouts of NSC lineage progression in vivo and support a hierarchical organization of NSCs in differently fated subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mancini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Boris Guirao
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, Inserm U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sara Ortica
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Miriam Labusch
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Felix Cheysson
- LPSM, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8001, Paris 75005, France
| | - Valentin Bonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris F-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Minh Son Phan
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Herbert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Emilie Menant
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sébastien Bedu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, Paris, France
| | - Charles Baroud
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Paris F-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Yohanns Bellaiche
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, Inserm U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Paris 75005, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Nicolas Dray
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
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57
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Pang Y, Zhao W, Sun P, Li L. Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in physiology and pathophysiology of the central nervous system. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102026. [PMID: 37532007 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in 2010, there has been a significant amount of research conducted to explore its regulatory role in the physiology and pathology of various organ systems. Recently, a growing body of compelling evidence has emerged linking the activity of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel to health and disease of the central nervous system. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these associations remain inadequately comprehended. This review systematically summarizes the current research on the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel and its implications for central nervous system mechanobiology, retrospects the results demonstrating the regulatory role of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel on various cell types within the central nervous system, including neural stem cells, neurons, oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, and brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, the review discusses the current understanding of the involvement of the Piezo1 channel in central nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, stroke, and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yige Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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58
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Andersen OE, Poulsen JV, Farup J, de Morree A. Regulation of adult stem cell function by ketone bodies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1246998. [PMID: 37745291 PMCID: PMC10513036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1246998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play key roles in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Recent evidence suggests that dietary interventions can significantly impact adult stem cell function. Some of these effects depend on ketone bodies. Adult stem cells could therefore potentially be manipulated through dietary regimens or exogenous ketone body supplementation, a possibility with significant implications for regenerative medicine. In this review we discuss recent findings of the mechanisms by which ketone bodies could influence adult stem cells, including ketogenesis in adult stem cells, uptake and transport of circulating ketone bodies, receptor-mediated signaling, and changes to cellular metabolism. We also discuss the potential effects of ketone bodies on intracellular processes such as protein acetylation and post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The exploration of mechanisms underlying the effects of ketone bodies on stem cell function reveals potential therapeutic targets for tissue regeneration and age-related diseases and suggests future research directions in the field of ketone bodies and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Emil Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jean Farup
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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59
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Amelchenko EM, Bezriadnov DV, Chekhov OA, Ivanova AA, Kedrov AV, Anokhin KV, Lazutkin AA, Enikolopov G. Cognitive Flexibility Is Selectively Impaired by Radiation and Is Associated with Differential Recruitment of Adult-Born Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6061-6083. [PMID: 37532464 PMCID: PMC10451007 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0161-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to elevated doses of ionizing radiation, such as those in therapeutic procedures, catastrophic accidents, or space exploration, increases the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The full range of radiation-induced cognitive deficits is unknown, partly because commonly used tests may be insufficiently sensitive or may not be adequately tuned for assessing the fine behavioral features affected by radiation. Here, we asked whether γ-radiation might affect learning, memory, and the overall ability to adapt behavior to cope with a challenging environment (cognitive/behavioral flexibility). We developed a new behavioral assay, the context discrimination Morris water maze (cdMWM) task, which is hippocampus-dependent and requires the integration of various contextual cues and the adjustment of search strategies. We exposed male mice to 1 or 5 Gy of γ rays and, at different time points after irradiation, trained them consecutively in spatial MWM, reversal MWM, and cdMWM tasks, and assessed their learning, navigational search strategies, and memory. Mice exposed to 5 Gy performed successfully in the spatial and reversal MWM tasks; however, in the cdMWM task 6 or 8 weeks (but not 3 weeks) after irradiation, they demonstrated transient learning deficit, decreased use of efficient spatially precise search strategies during learning, and, 6 weeks after irradiation, memory deficit. We also observed impaired neurogenesis after irradiation and selective activation of 12-week-old newborn neurons by specific components of cdMWM training paradigm. Thus, our new behavioral paradigm reveals the effects of γ-radiation on cognitive flexibility and indicates an extended timeframe for the functional maturation of new hippocampal neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Exposure to radiation can affect cognitive performance and cognitive flexibility - the ability to adapt to changed circumstances and demands. The full range of consequences of irradiation on cognitive flexibility is unknown, partly because of a lack of suitable models. Here, we developed a new behavioral task requiring mice to combine various types of cues and strategies to find a correct solution. We show that animals exposed to γ-radiation, despite being able to successfully solve standard problems, show delayed learning, deficient memory, and diminished use of efficient navigation patterns in circumstances requiring adjustments of previously used search strategies. This new task could be applied in other settings for assessing the cognitive changes induced by aging, trauma, or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M Amelchenko
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Dmitri V Bezriadnov
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Chekhov
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Anna A Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, 117485, Russian Federation
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kedrov
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Anokhin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Lazutkin
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, 117485, Russian Federation
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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60
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Noguchi H, Arela JC, Ngo TT, Cocas L, Pleasure SJ. Shh from mossy cells contributes to preventing NSC pool depletion after seizure-induced neurogenesis and in aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554173. [PMID: 37662214 PMCID: PMC10473584 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures induce aberrant neurogenesis from resident neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse hippocampus, which has been implicated in depletion of the NSC pool and impairment of hippocampal function. However, the mechanisms regulating neurogenesis after seizures remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that Shh from mossy cells is a major source of Shh signaling activity after seizures, by which mossy cells contribute to seizure-induced neurogenesis and maintenance of the NSC pool. Deletion of Shh from mossy cells attenuates seizure-induced neurogenesis. Moreover, in the absence of Shh from mossy cells, NSCs pool are prematurely depleted after seizure-induced proliferation, and NSCs have impaired self-renewal. Likewise, lack of Shh from mossy cells accelerates age-related decline of the NSC pool with accompanying reduction of self-renewal of NSCs outside the context of pathology such as seizures. Together, our findings indicate that Shh from mossy cells is critical to maintain NSCs and to prevent exhaustion from excessive consumption in aging and after seizures.
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61
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Jiménez Peinado P, Urbach A. From Youthful Vigor to Aging Decline: Unravelling the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Aging. Cells 2023; 12:2086. [PMID: 37626896 PMCID: PMC10453598 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Joseph Altman published his pioneering work demonstrating neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats, the number of publications in this field increased exponentially. Today, we know that the adult hippocampus harbors a pool of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) that are the source of life-long neurogenesis and plasticity. The functions of these NSCs are regulated by extrinsic cues arising from neighboring cells and the systemic environment. However, this tight regulation is subject to imbalance with age, resulting in a decline in adult NSCs and neurogenesis, which contributes to the progressive deterioration of hippocampus-related cognitive functions. Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms underlying this age-related decline in neurogenesis are only incompletely understood, but appear to include an increase in NSC quiescence, changes in differentiation patterns, and NSC exhaustion. In this review, we summarize recent work that has improved our knowledge of hippocampal NSC aging, focusing on NSC-intrinsic mechanisms as well as cellular and molecular changes in the niche and systemic environment that might be involved in the age-related decline in NSC functions. Additionally, we identify future directions that may advance our understanding of NSC aging and the concomitant loss of hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Aging Research Center Jena, Leibniz Institute on Aging, 07745 Jena, Germany
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62
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Amelchenko EM, Bezriadnov DV, Chekhov OA, Anokhin KV, Lazutkin AA, Enikolopov G. Age-related decline in cognitive flexibility is associated with the levels of hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232670. [PMID: 37645372 PMCID: PMC10461065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairments in learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility, as well as a gradual decline in hippocampal neurogenesis. We investigated the performance of 6-and 14-month-old mice (considered mature adult and late middle age, respectively) in learning and memory tasks based on the Morris water maze (MWM) and determined their levels of preceding and current neurogenesis. While both age groups successfully performed in the spatial version of MWM (sMWM), the older mice were less efficient compared to the younger mice when presented with modified versions of the MWM that required a reassessment of the previously acquired experience. This was detected in the reversal version of MWM (rMWM) and was particularly evident in the context discrimination MWM (cdMWM), a novel task that required integrating various distal cues, local cues, and altered contexts and adjusting previously used search strategies. Older mice were impaired in several metrics that characterize rMWM and cdMWM, however, they showed improvement and narrowed the performance gap with the younger mice after additional training. Furthermore, we analyzed the adult-born mature and immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and found a significant correlation between neurogenesis levels in individual mice and their performance in the tasks demanding cognitive flexibility. These results provide a detailed description of the age-related changes in learning and memory and underscore the importance of hippocampal neurogenesis in supporting cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M. Amelchenko
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Olga A. Chekhov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Konstantin V. Anokhin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Lazutkin
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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63
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Xu YJ, Dai SK, Duan CH, Zhang ZH, Liu PP, Liu C, Du HZ, Lu XK, Hu S, Li L, Teng ZQ, Liu CM. ASH2L regulates postnatal neurogenesis through Onecut2-mediated inhibition of TGF-β signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1943-1956. [PMID: 37433907 PMCID: PMC10406892 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) to proliferate and differentiate is required through different stages of neurogenesis. Disturbance in the regulation of neurogenesis causes many neurological diseases, such as intellectual disability, autism, and schizophrenia. However, the intrinsic mechanisms of this regulation in neurogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Ash2l (Absent, small or homeotic discs-like 2), one core component of a multimeric histone methyltransferase complex, is essential for NSPC fate determination during postnatal neurogenesis. Deletion of Ash2l in NSPCs impairs their capacity for proliferation and differentiation, leading to simplified dendritic arbors in adult-born hippocampal neurons and deficits in cognitive abilities. RNA sequencing data reveal that Ash2l primarily regulates cell fate specification and neuron commitment. Furthermore, we identified Onecut2, a major downstream target of ASH2L characterized by bivalent histone modifications, and demonstrated that constitutive expression of Onecut2 restores defective proliferation and differentiation of NSPCs in adult Ash2l-deficient mice. Importantly, we identified that Onecut2 modulates TGF-β signaling in NSPCs and that treatment with a TGF-β inhibitor rectifies the phenotype of Ash2l-deficient NSPCs. Collectively, our findings reveal the ASH2L-Onecut2-TGF-β signaling axis that mediates postnatal neurogenesis to maintain proper forebrain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, 215000, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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64
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Scandella V, Petrelli F, Moore DL, Braun SMG, Knobloch M. Neural stem cell metabolism revisited: a critical role for mitochondria. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:446-461. [PMID: 37380501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has emerged as a key regulator of stem cell behavior. Mitochondria are crucial metabolic organelles that are important for differentiated cells, yet considered less so for stem cells. However, recent studies have shown that mitochondria influence stem cell maintenance and fate decisions, inviting a revised look at this topic. In this review, we cover the current literature addressing the role of mitochondrial metabolism in mouse and human neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic and adult brain. We summarize how mitochondria are implicated in fate regulation and how substrate oxidation affects NSC quiescence. We further explore single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for metabolic signatures of adult NSCs, highlight emerging technologies reporting on metabolic signatures, and discuss mitochondrial metabolism in other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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65
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Ghibaudi M, Marchetti N, Vergnano E, La Rosa C, Benedetti B, Couillard-Despres S, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Bonfanti L. Age-related changes in layer II immature neurons of the murine piriform cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1205173. [PMID: 37576566 PMCID: PMC10416627 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1205173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of a population of non-newly born, prenatally generated "immature" neurons in the layer II of the piriform cortex (cortical immature neurons, cINs), raises questions concerning their maintenance or depletion through the lifespan. Most forms of brain structural plasticity progressively decline with age, a feature that is particularly prominent in adult neurogenesis, due to stem cell depletion. By contrast, the entire population of the cINs is produced during embryogenesis. Then these cells simply retain immaturity in postnatal and adult stages, until they "awake" to complete their maturation and ultimately integrate into neural circuits. Hence, the question remains open whether the cINs, which are not dependent on stem cell division, might follow a similar pattern of age-related reduction, or in alternative, might leave a reservoir of young, undifferentiated cells in the adult and aging brain. Here, the number and features of cINs were analyzed in the mouse piriform cortex from postnatal to advanced ages, by using immunocytochemistry for the cytoskeletal marker doublecortin. The abundance and stage of maturation of cINs, along with the expression of other markers of maturity/immaturity were investigated. Despite a marked decrease in this neuronal population during juvenile stages, reminiscent of that observed in hippocampal neurogenesis, a small amount of highly immature cINs persisted up to advanced ages. Overall, albeit reducing in number with increasing age, we report that the cINs are present through the entire animal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ghibaudi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicole Marchetti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Vergnano
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Chiara La Rosa
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Bruno Benedetti
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Luca Bonfanti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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66
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Rieskamp JD, Rosado-Burgos I, Christofi JE, Ansar E, Einstein D, Walters AE, Valentini V, Bruno JP, Kirby ED. Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 supports adult hippocampal neural stem cell self-renewal. iScience 2023; 26:107068. [PMID: 37534178 PMCID: PMC10391730 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the adult mammalian dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, glutamate stimulates neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewing proliferation, providing a link between adult neurogenesis and local circuit activity. Here, we show that glutamate-induced self-renewal of adult DG NSCs requires glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) to stimulate lipogenesis. Loss of EAAT1 prevented glutamate-induced self-renewing proliferation of NSCs in vitro and in vivo, with little role evident for canonical glutamate receptors. Transcriptomics and further pathway manipulation revealed that glutamate simulation of NSCs relied on EAAT1 transport-stimulated lipogenesis. Our findings demonstrate a critical, direct role for EAAT1 in stimulating NSCs to support neurogenesis in adulthood, thereby providing insights into a non-canonical mechanism by which NSCs sense and respond to their niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Rieskamp
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Jacob E. Christofi
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eliza Ansar
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dalia Einstein
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ashley E. Walters
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Valentina Valentini
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - John P. Bruno
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Kirby
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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67
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Makrygianni EA, Chrousos GP. Neural Progenitor Cells and the Hypothalamus. Cells 2023; 12:1822. [PMID: 37508487 PMCID: PMC10378393 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the postnatal/adult brain, NPCs are primarily located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). There is evidence that NPCs are also present in the postnatal/adult hypothalamus, a highly conserved brain region involved in the regulation of core homeostatic processes, such as feeding, metabolism, reproduction, neuroendocrine integration and autonomic output. In the rodent postnatal/adult hypothalamus, NPCs mainly comprise different subtypes of tanycytes lining the wall of the 3rd ventricle. In the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, the neurogenic niche is constituted by tanycytes at the floor of the 3rd ventricle, ependymal cells and ribbon cells (showing a gap-and-ribbon organization similar to that in the SVZ), as well as suprachiasmatic cells. We speculate that in the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, neurogenesis occurs in a highly complex, exquisitely sophisticated neurogenic niche consisting of at least four subniches; this structure has a key role in the regulation of extrahypothalamic neurogenesis, and hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neural circuits, partly through the release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Makrygianni
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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68
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Lampada A, Taylor V. Notch signaling as a master regulator of adult neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1179011. [PMID: 37457009 PMCID: PMC10339389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1179011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis ceases in most regions of the mammalian brain before or shortly after birth, however, in a few restricted brain regions, the production of new neurons proceeds into adulthood. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in these neurogenic zones are integrated into niches that control their activity and fate. Most stem cells in the adult brain are mitotically inactive and these cells can remain quiescent for months or even years. One of the key questions is what are the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSC maintenance and differentiation. Notch signaling has been shown to be a critical regulator of stem cell activity and maintenance in many tissues including in the nervous system. In this mini-review we discuss the roles of Notch signaling and the functions of the different Notch receptors and ligands in regulating neurogenesis in the adult murine brain. We review the functions of Notch signaling components in controlling NSC quiescence and entry into cell cycle and neurogenesis.
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69
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Zhang F, Yoon K, Kim NS, Ming GL, Song H. Cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles of NKCC1 in regulating neural stem cell quiescence in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Stem Cell Reports 2023:S2213-6711(23)00200-X. [PMID: 37390823 PMCID: PMC10362507 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescence is a hallmark of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mammalian brain, and establishment and maintenance of quiescence is essential for life-long continuous neurogenesis. How NSCs in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus acquire their quiescence during early postnatal stages and continuously maintain quiescence in adulthood is poorly understood. Here, we show that Hopx-CreERT2-mediated conditional deletion of Nkcc1, which encodes a chloride importer, in mouse DG NSCs impairs both their quiescence acquisition at early postnatal stages and quiescence maintenance in adulthood. Furthermore, PV-CreERT2-mediated deletion of Nkcc1 in PV interneurons in the adult mouse brain leads to activation of quiescent DG NSCs, resulting in an expanded NSC pool. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of NKCC1 promotes NSC proliferation in both early postnatal and adult mouse DG. Together, our study reveals both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles of NKCC1 in regulating the acquisition and maintenance of NSC quiescence in the mammalian hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kijun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nam-Shik Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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70
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Fan W, Jurado‐Arjona J, Alanis‐Lobato G, Péron S, Berger C, Andrade‐Navarro MA, Falk S, Berninger B. The transcriptional co-activator Yap1 promotes adult hippocampal neural stem cell activation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110384. [PMID: 37083045 PMCID: PMC10233373 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) remain quiescent, with only a minor portion undergoing active proliferation and neurogenesis. The molecular mechanisms that trigger the transition from quiescence to activation are still poorly understood. Here, we found the activity of the transcriptional co-activator Yap1 to be enriched in active NSCs. Genetic deletion of Yap1 led to a significant reduction in the relative proportion of active NSCs, supporting a physiological role of Yap1 in regulating the transition from quiescence to activation. Overexpression of wild-type Yap1 in adult NSCs did not induce NSC activation, suggesting tight upstream control mechanisms, but overexpression of a gain-of-function mutant (Yap1-5SA) elicited cell cycle entry in NSCs and hilar astrocytes. Consistent with a role of Yap1 in NSC activation, single cell RNA sequencing revealed a partial induction of an activated NSC gene expression program. Furthermore, Yap1-5SA expression also induced expression of Taz and other key components of the Yap/Taz regulon that were previously identified in glioblastoma stem cell-like cells. Consequently, dysregulated Yap1 activity led to repression of hippocampal neurogenesis, aberrant cell differentiation, and partial acquisition of a glioblastoma stem cell-like signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Fan
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Present address:
Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, New MedicinesUCB Biopharma SPRLBraine‐l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Jerónimo Jurado‐Arjona
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gregorio Alanis‐Lobato
- Faculty of BiologyJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Present address:
Global Computational Biology and Data SciencesBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Sophie Péron
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christian Berger
- Institute of GeneticsJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | | | - Sven Falk
- Institute of BiochemistryFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Nürnberg‐ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Focus Program Translational NeuroscienceJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
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71
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Maeda Y, Isomura A, Masaki T, Kageyama R. Differential cell-cycle control by oscillatory versus sustained Hes1 expression via p21. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112520. [PMID: 37200191 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory Hes1 expression activates cell proliferation, while high and sustained Hes1 expression induces quiescence, but the mechanism by which Hes1 differentially controls cell proliferation depending on its expression dynamics is unclear. Here, we show that oscillatory Hes1 expression down-regulates the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Cdkn1a), which delays cell-cycle progression, and thereby activates the proliferation of mouse neural stem cells (NSCs). By contrast, sustained Hes1 overexpression up-regulates p21 expression and inhibits NSC proliferation, although it initially down-regulates p21 expression. Compared with Hes1 oscillation, sustained Hes1 overexpression represses Dusp7, a phosphatase for phosphorylated Erk (p-Erk), and increases the levels of p-Erk, which can up-regulate p21 expression. These results indicate that p21 expression is directly repressed by oscillatory Hes1 expression, but indirectly up-regulated by sustained Hes1 overexpression, suggesting that depending on its expression dynamics, Hes1 differentially controls NSC proliferation via p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maeda
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Isomura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taimu Masaki
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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72
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Sokolova N, Zilova L, Wittbrodt J. Unravelling the link between embryogenesis and adult stem cell potential in the ciliary marginal zone: A comparative study between mammals and teleost fish. Cells Dev 2023; 174:203848. [PMID: 37172718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and study of adult stem cells have revolutionized regenerative medicine by offering new opportunities for treating various medical conditions. Anamniote stem cells, which retain their full proliferative capacity and full differentiation range throughout their lifetime, harbour a greater potential compared to mammalian adult stem cells, which only exhibit limited stem cell potential. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying these differences is of significant interest. In this review, we examine the similarities and differences of adult retinal stem cells in anamniotes and mammals, from their embryonic stages in the optic vesicle to their residence in the postembryonic retinal stem cell niche, the ciliary marginal zone located in the retinal periphery. In anamniotes, developing precursors of retinal stem cells are exposed to various environmental cues during their migration in the complex morphogenetic remodelling of the optic vesicle to the optic cup. In contrast, their mammalian counterparts in the retinal periphery are primarily instructed by neighbouring tissues once they are in place. We explore the distinct modes of optic cup morphogenesis in mammals and teleost fish and highlight molecular mechanisms governing morphogenesis and stem cells instruction. The review concludes with the molecular mechanisms of ciliary marginal zone formation and offers a perspective on the impact of comparative single cell transcriptomic studies to reveal the evolutionary similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sokolova
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Germany
| | - Lucie Zilova
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Germany.
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73
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de Morree A, Rando TA. Regulation of adult stem cell quiescence and its functions in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:334-354. [PMID: 36922629 PMCID: PMC10725182 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are important for mammalian tissues, where they act as a cell reserve that supports normal tissue turnover and can mount a regenerative response following acute injuries. Quiescent stem cells are well established in certain tissues, such as skeletal muscle, brain, and bone marrow. The quiescent state is actively controlled and is essential for long-term maintenance of stem cell pools. In this Review, we discuss the importance of maintaining a functional pool of quiescent adult stem cells, including haematopoietic stem cells, skeletal muscle stem cells, neural stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells such as fibro-adipogenic progenitors, to ensure tissue maintenance and repair. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the entry into, maintenance of, and exit from the quiescent state in mice. Recent studies revealed that quiescent stem cells have a discordance between RNA and protein levels, indicating the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms, such as alternative polyadenylation, alternative splicing, and translation repression, in the control of stem cell quiescence. Understanding how these mechanisms guide stem cell function during homeostasis and regeneration has important implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Morree
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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74
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zuo Z, Xiong G, Luo H, Song B, Zhao L, Zhou Z, Chang X. Paraquat-induced neurogenesis abnormalities via Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114939. [PMID: 37087969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a fundamental process in the development and plasticity of the nervous system, and its regulation is tightly linked to mitochondrial dynamics. Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics can result in oxidative stress, which has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Paraquat (PQ), a commonly used agricultural chemical known to be neurotoxic, induces oxidative stress that can lead to mitochondrial fragmentation. In this study, we investigated the effects of PQ on neurogenesis in primary murine neural progenitor cells (mNPCs) isolated from neonatal C57BL/6 mice. We treated the mNPCs with 0-40 μM PQ for 24 h and observed that PQ inhibited their proliferation, migration, and differentiation into neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PQ induced excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and upregulated the expression of Drp-1, p-Drp1, and Fis-1, while downregulating the expression of Mfn2 and Opa1. To confirm our findings, we used Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, which reversed the adverse effects of PQ on neurogenesis, particularly differentiation into neurons and migration of mNPCs. Additionally, we found that Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, ameliorated excessive mitochondrial fragmentation caused by PQ. Our study suggests that PQ exposure impairs neurogenesis by inducing excessive mitochondrial fission and abnormal mitochondrial fragmentation via oxidative stress. These findings identify mitochondrial fission as a potential therapeutic target for PQ-induced neurotoxicity. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and neurogenesis in the context of oxidative stress-induced neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenzi Zuo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guiya Xiong
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Luo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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75
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Gabarró-Solanas R, Urbán N. It takes two to untangle: Combined stimulation of adult neurogenesis reverts AD symptoms. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:333-334. [PMID: 37028395 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired hippocampal-dependent behaviors. Li et al.1 report that stimulating adult neurogenesis combined with new-born neuron activation ameliorates behavioral symptoms and plaque deposition in AD mouse models. This supports boosting adult neurogenesis as a potential therapeutic approach for AD-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Gabarró-Solanas
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Noelia Urbán
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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76
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Olpe C, Jessberger S. Cell population dynamics in the course of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Remaining unknowns. Hippocampus 2023; 33:402-411. [PMID: 36256493 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. The distinct developmental steps in the course of adult neurogenesis, including NSC activation, expansion, and neuronal integration, are increasingly well characterized down to the molecular level. However, substantial gaps remain in our knowledge about regulators and mechanisms involved in this biological process. This review highlights three long-standing unknowns. First, we discuss potency and identity of NSCs and the quest for a unifying model of short- and long-term self-renewal dynamics. Next, we examine cell death, specifically focusing on the early demise of newborn cells. Then, we outline the current knowledge on cell integration dynamics, discussing which (if any) neurons are replaced by newly added neurons in the hippocampal circuits. For each of these unknowns, we summarize the trajectory of studies leading to the current state of knowledge. Finally, we offer suggestions on how to fill the remaining gaps by taking advantage of novel technology to reveal currently hidden secrets in the course of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Olpe
- Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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77
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Gonzalez L, Domingo-Muelas A, Duart-Abadia P, Nuñez M, Mikolcevic P, Llonch E, Cubillos-Rojas M, Cánovas B, Forrow SMA, Morante-Redolat JM, Fariñas I, Nebreda AR. The atypical CDK activator RingoA/Spy1 regulates exit from quiescence in neural stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:106202. [PMID: 36876138 PMCID: PMC9982312 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, most neural stem cells (NSCs) are held in a reversible state of quiescence, which is essential to avoid NSC exhaustion and determine the appropriate neurogenesis rate. NSCs of the mouse adult subependymal niche provide neurons for olfactory circuits and can be found at different depths of quiescence, but very little is known on how their quiescence-to-activation transition is controlled. Here, we identify the atypical cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activator RingoA as a regulator of this process. We show that the expression of RingoA increases the levels of CDK activity and facilitates cell cycle entry of a subset of NSCs that divide slowly. Accordingly, RingoA-deficient mice exhibit reduced olfactory neurogenesis with an accumulation of quiescent NSCs. Our results indicate that RingoA plays an important role in setting the threshold of CDK activity required for adult NSCs to exit quiescence and may represent a dormancy regulator in adult mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Domingo-Muelas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Pere Duart-Abadia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Marc Nuñez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Mikolcevic
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llonch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Cánovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen M A Forrow
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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78
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Xu M, Guo Y, Wang M, Luo X, Shen X, Li Z, Wang L, Guo W. L-arginine homeostasis governs adult neural stem cell activation by modulating energy metabolism in vivo. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112647. [PMID: 36740997 PMCID: PMC10015378 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the developing and adult brain is intimately linked to remodeling of cellular metabolism. However, it is still unclear how distinct metabolic programs and energy sources govern neural stem cell (NSC) behavior and subsequent neuronal differentiation. Here, we found that adult mice lacking the mitochondrial urea metabolism enzyme, Arginase-II (Arg-II), exhibited NSC overactivation, thereby leading to accelerated NSC pool depletion and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis over time. Mechanistically, Arg-II deficiency resulted in elevated L-arginine levels and induction of a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) caused by impaired attachment of hexokinase-I to mitochondria. Notably, selective inhibition of OXPHOS ameliorated NSC overactivation and restored abnormal neurogenesis in Arg-II deficient mice. Therefore, Arg-II-mediated intracellular L-arginine homeostasis directly influences the metabolic fitness of neural stem cells that is essential to maintain neurogenesis with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Graduate SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ye Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Graduate SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuning Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Graduate SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Graduate SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Graduate SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Graduate SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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79
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Minei R, Aoki H, Ogura A, Kunisada T. Compensatory gene expression potentially rescues impaired brain development in Kit mutant mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4166. [PMID: 36914660 PMCID: PMC10011532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While loss-of-function mutations in the murine dominant white spotting/Kit (W) locus affect a diverse array of cell lineages and organs, the brain, organ with the highest expression show the least number of defective phenotypes. We performed transcriptome analysis of the brains of KitW embryos and found prominent gene expression changes specifically in the E12.5 KitW/W homozygous mutant. Although other potentially effective changes in gene expression were observed, uniform downregulation of ribosomal protein genes and oxidative phosphorylation pathway genes specifically observed in the E12.5 brain may comprise a genetic compensation system exerting protective metabolic effects against the deleterious effect of KitW/W mutation in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Minei
- Department of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hitomi Aoki
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogura
- Department of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kunisada
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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80
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Plausible Role of Stem Cell Types for Treating and Understanding the Pathophysiology of Depression. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030814. [PMID: 36986674 PMCID: PMC10058940 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), colloquially known as depression, is a debilitating condition affecting an estimated 3.8% of the population globally, of which 5.0% are adults and 5.7% are above the age of 60. MDD is differentiated from common mood changes and short-lived emotional responses due to subtle alterations in gray and white matter, including the frontal lobe, hippocampus, temporal lobe, thalamus, striatum, and amygdala. It can be detrimental to a person’s overall health if it occurs with moderate or severe intensity. It can render a person suffering terribly to perform inadequately in their personal, professional, and social lives. Depression, at its peak, can lead to suicidal thoughts and ideation. Antidepressants manage clinical depression and function by modulating the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Patients with MDD positively respond to antidepressants, but 10–30% do not recuperate or have a partial response accompanied by poor life quality, suicidal ideation, self-injurious behavior, and an increased relapse rate. Recent research shows that mesenchymal stem cells and iPSCs may be responsible for lowering depression by producing more neurons with increased cortical connections. This narrative review discusses the plausible functions of various stem cell types in treating and understanding depression pathophysiology.
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81
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Petrelli F, Scandella V, Montessuit S, Zamboni N, Martinou JC, Knobloch M. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism regulates the activation of quiescent adult neural stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5220. [PMID: 36857455 PMCID: PMC9977184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is important for adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) behavior. However, its role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation is not fully understood. We here show that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a crucial and unexpected part in this process. MPC transports pyruvate into mitochondria, linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite its metabolic key function, the role of MPC in NSPCs has not been addressed. We show that quiescent NSPCs have an active mitochondrial metabolism and express high levels of MPC. Pharmacological MPC inhibition increases aspartate and triggers NSPC activation. Furthermore, genetic Mpc1 ablation in vitro and in vivo also activates NSPCs, which differentiate into mature neurons, leading to overall increased hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged mice. These findings highlight the importance of metabolism for NSPC regulation and identify an important pathway through which mitochondrial pyruvate import controls NSPC quiescence and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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82
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Liu Y, Wang M, Guo Y, Wang L, Guo W. D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase governs adult neural stem cell activation and promotes histone acetylation via ATP-citrate lyase. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112067. [PMID: 36724076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of neurons from quiescent radial-glia-like neural stem cells (RGLs) in adult brain goes hand in hand with the modulation of cellular metabolism. However, it is still unclear how the exact metabolic program governs the balance between quiescent and activated RGLs. Here, we find that loss of mitochondrial D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) leads to aberrant accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) and impaired RGL activation. Mechanistically, accumulated D-2-HG bonds directly to ATP-citrate lyase and competitively inhibits its enzymatic activity, thereby reducing acetyl-CoA production and diminishing histone acetylation. However, administration of acetate restores the acetyl-CoA levels via acetyl-CoA synthetase-mediated catabolism and rescues the deficiencies in histone acetylation and RGL activation caused by loss of D2HGDH. Therefore, our findings define the role of cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus via a mitochondrial metabolite, D-2-HG, the aberrant accumulation of which hinders the regulation of histone acetylation in RGL activation and attenuates continuous neurogenesis in adult mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ye Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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83
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Geben LC, Brockman AA, Chalkley MBL, Sweet SR, Gallagher JE, Scheuing AL, Simerly RB, Ess KC, Irish JM, Ihrie RA. Dephosphorylation of 4EBP1/2 Induces Prenatal Neural Stem Cell Quiescence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528513. [PMID: 36824760 PMCID: PMC9948964 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A limiting factor in the regenerative capacity of the adult brain is the abundance and proliferative ability of neural stem cells (NSCs). Adult NSCs are derived from a subpopulation of embryonic NSCs that temporarily enter quiescence during mid-gestation and remain quiescent until postnatal reactivation. Here we present evidence that the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates quiescence entry in embryonic NSCs of the developing forebrain. Throughout embryogenesis, two downstream effectors of mTOR, p-4EBP1/2 T37/46 and p-S6 S240/244, were mutually exclusive in NSCs, rarely occurring in the same cell. While 4EBP1/2 was phosphorylated in stem cells undergoing mitosis at the ventricular surface, S6 was phosphorylated in more differentiated cells migrating away from the ventricle. Phosphorylation of 4EBP1/2, but not S6, was responsive to quiescence induction in cultured embryonic NSCs. Further, inhibition of p-4EBP1/2, but not p-S6, was sufficient to induce quiescence. Collectively, this work offers new insight into the regulation of quiescence entry in embryonic NSCs and, thereby, correct patterning of the adult brain. These data suggest unique biological functions of specific posttranslational modifications and indicate that the preferential inhibition of such modifications may be a useful therapeutic approach in neurodevelopmental diseases where NSC numbers, proliferation, and differentiation are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Geben
- Program in Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Asa A. Brockman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | | | - Serena R. Sweet
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Julia E. Gallagher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Scheuing
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Richard B. Simerly
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA
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84
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Kwon M, Lee JH, Yoon Y, Pleasure SJ, Yoon K. The CRHR1/CREB/REST signaling cascade regulates mammalian embryonic neural stem cell properties. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55313. [PMID: 36413000 PMCID: PMC9900344 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling pathway, mainly known as a critical initiator of humoral stress responses, has a role in normal neuronal physiology. However, despite the evidence of CRH receptor (CRHR) expression in the embryonic ventricular zone, the exact functions of CRH signaling in embryonic brain development have not yet been fully determined. In this study, we show that CRHR1 is required for the maintenance of neural stem cell properties, as assessed by in vitro neurosphere assays and cell distribution in the embryonic cortical layers following in utero electroporation. Identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRHR1 action, we find that CRHR1 functions are accomplished through the increasing expression of the master transcription factor REST. Furthermore, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that CRHR1-induced CREB activity is responsible for increased REST expression at the transcriptional level. Taken together, these findings indicate that the CRHR1/CREB/REST signaling cascade plays an important role downstream of CRH in the regulation of neural stem cells during embryonic brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mookwang Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
| | - Youngik Yoon
- Department of Biopharmaceutical ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
| | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
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85
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Salta E, Lazarov O, Fitzsimons CP, Tanzi R, Lucassen PJ, Choi SH. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease: A roadmap to clinical relevance. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:120-136. [PMID: 36736288 PMCID: PMC10082636 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) drops sharply during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), via unknown mechanisms, and correlates with cognitive status in AD patients. Understanding AHN regulation in AD could provide a framework for innovative pharmacological interventions. We here combine molecular, behavioral, and clinical data and critically discuss the multicellular complexity of the AHN niche in relation to AD pathophysiology. We further present a roadmap toward a better understanding of the role of AHN in AD by probing the promises and caveats of the latest technological advancements in the field and addressing the conceptual and methodological challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, McCance Center for Brain Health, 114 16th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 404, 1098 SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, McCance Center for Brain Health, 114 16th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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86
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The aOECs Facilitate the Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in the Inflammatory Microenvironment Through Up-Regulation of Bioactive Factors and Activation of Wnt3/β-Catenin Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:789-806. [PMID: 36371572 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic application of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the central nerve system (CNS) injury is a promising strategy for combating irreversible neuronal loss. However, a variety of obvious inflammatory responses following nerve injury rapidly create an unfavorable microenvironment for survival and neuronal differentiation of NSCs in lesion area, limiting the efficacy of NSC-based therapy for CNS injury. It remained unknown how to effectively increase the neuronal differentiation efficiency of NSCs through transplantation. Here, we demonstrated that curcumin (CCM)-activated olfactory ensheathing cells (aOECs) effectively promoted neuronal differentiation of NSCs in the activated microglial inflammatory condition, and co-transplantation of aOECs and NSCs improved neurological recovery of rats after spinal cord injury (SCI), as evidenced by higher expression levels of neuronal markers and lower expression levels of glial markers in the differentiated cells, greater number of Tuj-1-positive cells as well as higher Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale, compared to the corresponding controls. Pathologically, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunostaining also showed that aOECs remarkably enhanced the in vivo neuronal differentiation of NSCs and migration, and nerve repair. Further analysis revealed that the underlying mechanisms of aOECs potentiating the neuronal conversion of NSCs under inflammatory environment were tightly associated with up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors in OECs, and importantly, the activation of Wnt3/β-catenin pathway was likely involved in the mechanisms underlying the observed cellular events. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy for SCI repair by co-transplantation of aOECs and NSCs.
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87
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Organization of self-advantageous niche by neural stem/progenitor cells during development via autocrine VEGF-A under hypoxia. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:8. [PMID: 36726165 PMCID: PMC9893632 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue stem cells are confined within a special microenvironment called niche. Stem cells in such a niche are supplied with nutrients and contacted by other cells to maintain their characters and also to keep or expand their population size. Besides, oxygen concentration is a key factor for stem cell niche. Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are known to reside in a hypoxic niche. Oxygen concentration levels are lower in fetal organs including brain than maternal organs. However, how fetal NSPCs adapt to the hypoxic environment during brain development, particularly before pial and periventricular vessels start to invade the telencephalon, has not fully been elucidated. METHODS NSPCs were prepared from cerebral cortices of embryonic day (E) 11.5 or E14.5 mouse embryos and were enriched by 4-day incubation with FGF2. To evaluate NSPC numbers, neurosphere formation assay was performed. Sparsely plated NSPCs were cultured to form neurospheres under the hypoxic (1% O2) or normoxic condition. VEGF-A secreted from NSPCs in the culture medium was measured by ELISA. VEGF-A expression and Hif-1a in the developing brain was investigated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Here we show that neurosphere formation of embryonic NSPCs is dramatically increased under hypoxia compared to normoxia. Vegf-A gene expression and its protein secretion were both up-regulated in the NSPCs under hypoxia. Either recombinant VEGF-A or conditioned medium of the hypoxic NSPC culture enhanced the neurosphere forming ability of normoxic NSPCs, which was attenuated by a VEGF-A signaling inhibitor. Furthermore, in the developing brain, VEGF-A was strongly expressed in the VZ where NSPCs are confined. CONCLUSIONS We show that NSPCs secret VEGF-A in an autocrine fashion to efficiently maintain themselves under hypoxic developmental environment. Our results suggest that NSPCs have adaptive potential to respond to hypoxia to organize self-advantageous niche involving VEGF-A when the vascular system is immature.
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88
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Yu Q, Jian Z, Yang D, Zhu T. Perspective insights into hydrogels and nanomaterials for ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1058753. [PMID: 36761147 PMCID: PMC9902513 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1058753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a neurological disorder prevalent worldwide with a high disability and mortality rate. In the clinic setting, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and thrombectomy could restore blood flow of the occlusion region and improve the outcomes of IS patients; however, these therapies are restricted by a narrow time window. Although several preclinical trials have revealed the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying infarct lesions, the translatability of most findings is unsatisfactory, which contributes to the emergence of new biomaterials, such as hydrogels and nanomaterials, for the treatment of IS. Biomaterials function as structural scaffolds or are combined with other compounds to release therapeutic drugs. Biomaterial-mediated drug delivery approaches could optimize the therapeutic effects based on their brain-targeting property, biocompatibility, and functionality. This review summarizes the advances in biomaterials in the last several years, aiming to discuss the therapeutic potential of new biomaterials from the bench to bedside. The promising prospects of new biomaterials indicate the possibility of an organic combination between materialogy and medicine, which is a novel field under exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Yu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhang Jian
- Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s and Children’s Hospital Affiliated of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tao Zhu,
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89
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Yazdani N, Willits RK. Mimicking the neural stem cell niche: An engineer’s view of cell: material interactions. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1086099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells have attracted attention in recent years to treat neurodegeneration. There are two neurogenic regions in the brain where neural stem cells reside, one of which is called the subventricular zone (SVZ). The SVZ niche is a complicated microenvironment providing cues to regulate self-renewal and differentiation while maintaining the neural stem cell’s pool. Many scientists have spent years understanding the cellular and structural characteristics of the SVZ niche, both in homeostasis and pathological conditions. On the other hand, engineers focus primarily on designing platforms using the knowledge they acquire to understand the effect of individual factors on neural stem cell fate decisions. This review provides a general overview of what we know about the components of the SVZ niche, including the residing cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, their interactions, and SVZ niche changes during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, an overview will be given on the biomaterials used to mimic neurogenic niche microenvironments and the design considerations applied to add bioactivity while meeting the structural requirements. Finally, it will discuss the potential gaps in mimicking the microenvironment.
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90
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Hemoglobin Derived from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Pyroptosis of Neural Stem Cells via ROS/NLRP3/GSDMD Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4383332. [PMID: 36703912 PMCID: PMC9871413 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4383332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) have regenerative capacity after brain injuries, such as in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers inflammatory responses and pyroptosis of cells; however, whether ROS-induced neuroinflammation modulates the fate of endogenous NSCs after SAH remains largely unknown. In this study, the level of IL-1β was increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SAH. In an endovascular perforation model of SAH in mice, the secretion of IL-1β increased to a peak at 24 h following SAH, and the expression of Caspase1 and NLRP3 was elevated in the hippocampus. Primary cultured NSCs were incubated with hemoglobin (Hb) to mimic SAH in vitro. The cell viability, LDH release, intracellular ROS levels, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the expression of NLRP3 and pyroptosis indicators (GSDMD, ASC, and Caspase-1) in NSCs after SAH were examined to investigate the process of pyroptosis. We found that pyroptotic death featuring cellular swelling, cell membrane pore formation and elevated IL-1β was increased in cultured primary NSCs after Hb treatment, as was the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and GSDMD. In addition, we found that ROS-induced pyroptosis of NSCs by activating the NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. These findings suggest that pyroptosis of NSCs induced by Hb can impede neural regeneration after SAH.
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91
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Carvajal Ibañez D, Skabkin M, Hooli J, Cerrizuela S, Göpferich M, Jolly A, Volk K, Zumwinkel M, Bertolini M, Figlia G, Höfer T, Kramer G, Anders S, Teleman AA, Marciniak-Czochra A, Martin-Villalba A. Interferon regulates neural stem cell function at all ages by orchestrating mTOR and cell cycle. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16434. [PMID: 36636818 PMCID: PMC10086582 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells show intrinsic interferon signalling, which protects them from viral infections at all ages. In the ageing brain, interferon signalling also reduces the ability of stem cells to activate. Whether these functions are linked and at what time interferons start taking on a role in stem cell functioning is unknown. Additionally, the molecular link between interferons and activation in neural stem cells and how this relates to progenitor production is not well understood. Here we combine single-cell transcriptomics, RiboSeq and mathematical models of interferon to show that this pathway is important for proper stem cell function at all ages in mice. Interferon orchestrates cell cycle and mTOR activity to post-transcriptionally repress Sox2 and induces quiescence. The interferon response then decreases in the subsequent maturation states. Mathematical simulations indicate that this regulation is beneficial for the young and harmful for the old brain. Our study establishes molecular mechanisms of interferon in stem cells and interferons as genuine regulators of stem cell homeostasis and a potential therapeutic target to repair the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Carvajal Ibañez
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maxim Skabkin
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jooa Hooli
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Santiago Cerrizuela
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Göpferich
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrien Jolly
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Volk
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zumwinkel
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matilde Bertolini
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guenter Kramer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Anders
- Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing (IWR) and Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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92
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Chen X, Jiang S, Wang R, Bao X, Li Y. Neural Stem Cells in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S173-S186. [PMID: 36336934 PMCID: PMC10473082 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive dementia, is one of the world's most dangerous and debilitating diseases. Clinical trial results of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau regulators based on the pretext of straightforward amyloid and tau immunotherapy were disappointing. There are currently no effective strategies for slowing the progression of AD. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying AD and the development of novel therapeutic options are critical. Neurogenesis is impaired in AD, which contributes to memory deficits. Transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) can regenerate degraded cholinergic neurons, and new neurons derived from NSCs can form synaptic connections with neighboring neurons. In theory, employing NSCs to replace and restore damaged cholinergic neurons and brain connections may offer new treatment options for AD. However there remain barriers to surmount before NSC-based therapy can be used clinically. The objective of this article is to describe recent advances in the treatment of AD models and clinical trials involving NSCs. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with cell transplant therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shenzhong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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93
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Lee EH, Zinshteyn D, Miglo F, Wang MQ, Reinach J, Chau CM, Grosstephan JM, Correa I, Costa K, Vargas A, Johnson A, Longo SM, Alexander JI, O'Reilly AM. Sequential events during the quiescence to proliferation transition establish patterns of follicle cell differentiation in the Drosophila ovary. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059625. [PMID: 36524613 PMCID: PMC9867896 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells cycle between periods of quiescence and proliferation to promote tissue health. In Drosophila ovaries, quiescence to proliferation transitions of follicle stem cells (FSCs) are exquisitely feeding-dependent. Here, we demonstrate feeding-dependent induction of follicle cell differentiation markers, eyes absent (Eya) and castor (Cas) in FSCs, a patterning process that does not depend on proliferation induction. Instead, FSCs extend micron-scale cytoplasmic projections that dictate Eya-Cas patterning. We identify still life and sickie as necessary and sufficient for FSC projection growth and Eya-Cas induction. Our results suggest that sequential, interdependent events establish long-term differentiation patterns in follicle cell precursors, independently of FSC proliferation induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Lee
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Daniel Zinshteyn
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Fred Miglo
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Melissa Q. Wang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jessica Reinach
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Cindy M. Chau
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - Iliana Correa
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kelly Costa
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alberto Vargas
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Aminah Johnson
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sheila M. Longo
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Jennifer I. Alexander
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alana M. O'Reilly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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94
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Li Y, Xiao D, Wang X. The emerging roles of ferroptosis in cells of the central nervous system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1032140. [PMID: 36590286 PMCID: PMC9797129 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1032140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is morphologically characterized by shrunken mitochondria and biochemically characterized by iron overload, lipid peroxidation and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; these phenomena are suppressed by iron chelation, genetic inhibition of cellular iron uptake, and intervention on other pathways such as lipid metabolism. The induction of ferroptosis may be related to pathological cellular conditions in the central nervous system (CNS); thus, ferroptosis may cause disability via CNS damage. Here, we review the role of ferroptosis in the main cells of the CNS, including glial cells, neurons, and pericytes; in various diseases of the CNS; and in the interaction of glia and neurons in CNS diseases. Some small molecules and traditional Chinese drugs which inhibit ferroptosis in cells of the CNS are shown as potential therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Dongqiong Xiao,
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodong Wang,
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95
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SARS-CoV-2 Pattern Provides a New Scoring System and Predicts the Prognosis and Immune Therapeutic Response in Glioma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243997. [PMID: 36552760 PMCID: PMC9777143 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma is the most common primary malignancy of the adult central nervous system (CNS), with a poor prognosis and no effective prognostic signature. Since late 2019, the world has been affected by the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Research on SARS-CoV-2 is flourishing; however, its potential mechanistic association with glioma has rarely been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential correlation of SARS-CoV-2-related genes with the occurrence, progression, prognosis, and immunotherapy of gliomas. METHODS SARS-CoV-2-related genes were obtained from the human protein atlas (HPA), while transcriptional data and clinicopathological data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. Glioma samples were collected from surgeries with the knowledge of patients. Differentially expressed genes were then identified and screened, and seven SARS-CoV-2 related genes were generated by LASSO regression analysis and uni/multi-variate COX analysis. A prognostic SARS-CoV-2-related gene signature (SCRGS) was then constructed based on these seven genes and validated in the TCGA validation cohort and CGGA cohort. Next, a nomogram was established by combining critical clinicopathological data. The correlation between SCRGS and glioma related biological processes was clarified by Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In addition, immune infiltration and immune score, as well as immune checkpoint expression and immune escape, were further analyzed to assess the role of SCRGS in glioma-associated immune landscape and the responsiveness of immunotherapy. Finally, the reliability of SCRGS was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on glioma samples. RESULTS The prognostic SCRGS contained seven genes, REEP6, CEP112, LARP4B, CWC27, GOLGA2, ATP6AP1, and ERO1B. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median SARS-CoV-2 Index. Overall survival was significantly worse in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. COX analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated excellent predictive power for SCRGS for glioma prognosis. In addition, GSEA, immune infiltration, and immune scores indicated that SCRGS could potentially predict the tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, and immune response in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS The SCRGS established here can effectively predict the prognosis of glioma patients and provide a potential direction for immunotherapy.
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96
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Detection of De Novo Dividing Stem Cells In Situ through Double Nucleotide Analogue Labeling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244001. [PMID: 36552766 PMCID: PMC9777310 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific somatic stem cells are characterized by their ability to reside in a state of prolonged reversible cell cycle arrest, referred to as quiescence. Maintenance of a balance between cell quiescence and division is critical for tissue homeostasis at the cellular level and is dynamically regulated by numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Analysis of the activation of quiescent stem cells has been challenging because of a lack of methods for direct detection of de novo dividing cells. Here, we present and experimentally verify a novel method based on double labeling with thymidine analogues to detect de novo dividing stem cells in situ. In a proof of concept for the method, we show that memantine, a drug widely used for Alzheimer's disease therapy and a known strong inducer of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, increases the recruitment into the division cycle of quiescent radial glia-like stem cells-primary precursors of the adult-born neurons in the hippocampus. Our method could be applied to assess the effects of aging, pathology, or drug treatments on the quiescent stem cells in stem cell compartments in developing and adult tissues.
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97
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Zhang C, Xue P, Zhang H, Tan C, Zhao S, Li X, Sun L, Zheng H, Wang J, Zhang B, Lang W. Gut brain interaction theory reveals gut microbiota mediated neurogenesis and traditional Chinese medicine research strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1072341. [PMID: 36569198 PMCID: PMC9772886 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1072341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process of differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons and glial cells in certain areas of the adult brain. Defects in neurogenesis can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, and other maladies. This process is directionally regulated by transcription factors, the Wnt and Notch pathway, the extracellular matrix, and various growth factors. External factors like stress, physical exercise, diet, medications, etc., affect neurogenesis and the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota may affect NSCs through vagal, immune and chemical pathways, and other pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proven to affect NSCs proliferation and differentiation and can regulate the abundance and metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these factors regulate neurogenesis through the gut microbiota are not fully understood. In this review, we describe the recent evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in neurogenesis. Moreover, we hypothesize on the characteristics of the microbiota-gut-brain axis based on bacterial phyla, including microbiota's metabolites, and neuronal and immune pathways while providing an outlook on TCM's potential effects on adult neurogenesis by regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chenxi Tan
- Department of Infection Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shiyao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lihui Sun
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Academic Affairs Office, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Baoling Zhang
- Department of Operating Room, Qiqihar First Hospital, Qiqihar, China
| | - Weiya Lang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China,*Correspondence: Weiya Lang,
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98
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Miranda-Negrón Y, García-Arrarás JE. Radial glia and radial glia-like cells: Their role in neurogenesis and regeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006037. [PMID: 36466166 PMCID: PMC9708897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radial glia is a cell type traditionally associated with the developing nervous system, particularly with the formation of cortical layers in the mammalian brain. Nonetheless, some of these cells, or closely related types, called radial glia-like cells are found in adult central nervous system structures, functioning as neurogenic progenitors in normal homeostatic maintenance and in response to injury. The heterogeneity of radial glia-like cells is nowadays being probed with molecular tools, primarily by the expression of specific genes that define cell types. Similar markers have identified radial glia-like cells in the nervous system of non-vertebrate organisms. In this review, we focus on adult radial glia-like cells in neurogenic processes during homeostasis and in response to injury. We highlight our results using a non-vertebrate model system, the echinoderm Holothuria glaberrima where we have described a radial glia-like cell that plays a prominent role in the regeneration of the holothurian central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José E. García-Arrarás
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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99
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Rastoldo G, Watabe I, Lapotre A, Tonetto A, López-Juárez A, Tighilet B. Vestibular Nuclei: A New Neural Stem Cell Niche? Cells 2022; 11:cells11223598. [PMID: 36429025 PMCID: PMC9688605 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported adult reactive neurogliogenesis in the deafferented vestibular nuclei following unilateral vestibular neurectomy (UVN) in the feline and the rodent model. Recently, we demonstrated that UVN induced a significant increase in a population of cells colocalizing the transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) three days after the lesion in the deafferented medial vestibular nucleus. These two markers expressed on the same cell population could indicate the presence of lesion-reactive multipotent neural stem cells in the vestibular nuclei. The aim of our study was to provide insight into the potential neurogenic niche status of the vestibular nuclei in physiological conditions by using specific markers of stem cells (Nestin, SOX2, GFAP), cell proliferation (BrdU) and neuronal differentiation (NeuN). The present study confirmed the presence of quiescent and activated adult neural stem cells generating some new neurons in the vestibular nuclei of control rats. These unique features provide evidence that the vestibular nuclei represent a novel NSC site for the generation of neurons and/or glia in the adult rodent under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rastoldo
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Watabe
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Agnes Lapotre
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Alain Tonetto
- Fédération de Recherche Sciences Chimiques Marseille FR 1739, Pôle PRATIM, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Alejandra López-Juárez
- Department of Chemical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 38116, Mexico
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France
- GDR Physiopathologie Vestibulaire-Unité GDR2074 CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-413550881; Fax: +33-413550869
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100
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Jiang Y, Wang R, Wang C, Guo Y, Xu T, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Xu H, Tang Y. Brain Microenvironment Responsive and Pro-Angiogenic Extracellular Vesicle-Hydrogel for Promoting Neurobehavioral Recovery in Type 2 Diabetic Mice After Stroke. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201150. [PMID: 36074801 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stroke patients with diabetes have worse neurological outcomes than non-diabetic stroke patients, and treatments beneficial for non-diabetic stroke patients are not necessarily effective for diabetic stroke patients. While stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show potential for treating stroke, the results remain unsatisfactory due to the lack of approaches for retaining and controlling EVs released into the brain. Herein, a glucose/reactive oxygen species dual-responsive hydrogel showing excellent injectability, biocompatibility, and self-healing capability is introduced as an EVs-loading vehicle and an intelligent EVs sustained releasing system in the brain. These EVs-hydrogels are developed via crosslinking of phenylboronic acid-modified hyaluronic acid and Poly vinyl alcohol, and fusion with neural stem cell-derived EVs. The results show EVs are stably incorporated into the hydrogels and can be controllably released in response to the brain microenvironment after stroke in type 2 diabetic mice. The EVs-hydrogels exert an excellent angiogenic effect, increasing the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, injection of EVs-hydrogels into the ischemic mouse brain enhances EVs retention and facilitates sustained release, promotes angiogenesis, and improves neurobehavioral recovery. These results suggest such a microenvironment responsive and sustained release EVs-hydrogel system offers a safe, and efficient therapy for diabetic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixu Jiang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yiyan Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - He Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
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