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Evaluation of Thioperamide Effects Using Rat's Trachea Model. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 6:12-7. [PMID: 23526076 PMCID: PMC3604264 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2013.6.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Thioperamide is used as an antagonist to the histamine H3 receptor. During administration of the drug, the trachea may be affected via nasal or oral inhalation. This study was to determine the effects of thioperamide on the trachea of rats in vitro. Methods We tested the effectiveness of thioperamide on isolated rat trachea submersed in Kreb's solution in a muscle bath. Changes in tracheal contractility in response to the application of parasympathetic mimetic agents were measured. The following assessments of thioperamide were performed: 1) effect on tracheal smooth muscle resting tension; 2) effect on contraction caused by 10-6 M methacholine as a parasympathetic mimetic; 3) effect of the drug on electrically-induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. Results Thioperamide induced a significant relaxation response at a preparation concentration up to 10-4 M. The drug also inhibited the electrical field stimulation induced spike contraction. However, thioperamide alone had a minimal effect on the basal tension of the trachea at increasing concentrations. Conclusion The study indicated that high concentrations of thioperamide might actually antagonize cholinergic receptors and block parasympathetic function of the trachea.
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Therapeutic potential of histaminergic compounds in the treatment of addiction and drug-related cognitive disorders. Behav Brain Res 2013; 237:357-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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1-Phenoxyalkyl-4-[(N,N-disubstitutedamino)alkyl]piperazine derivatives as non-imidazole histamine H3-antagonists. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zulli AL, Aimone LD, Mathiasen JR, Gruner JA, Raddatz R, Bacon ER, Hudkins RL. Substituted phenoxypropyl-(R)-2-methylpyrrolidine aminomethyl ketones as histamine-3 receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2807-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Logan J, Carruthers NI, Letavic MA, Sands S, Jiang X, Shea C, Muench L, Xu Y, Carter P, King P, Fowler JS. Blockade of the brain histamine H3 receptor by JNJ-39220675: preclinical PET studies with [¹¹C]GSK189254 in anesthetized baboon. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 223:447-55. [PMID: 22614669 PMCID: PMC3456925 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The preclinical characterization of a series of aryloxypyridine amides has identified JNJ-39220675 ((4-cyclobutyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)(6-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)methanone) as a high-affinity histamine H(3) receptor antagonist and a candidate for further drug development particularly in the treatment of alcohol-related behaviors. OBJECTIVE This study measured brain histamine H(3) receptor blockade by JNJ-39220675 (1 mg/kg) in the female baboon. METHODS Positron emission tomography imaging and [(11)C]GSK189254, a reversible high-affinity radiotracer with specificity for the histamine H(3) receptor, was used to measure histamine H(3) receptor availability at baseline and after i.v. and oral administration of JNJ-39220675 (1 mg/kg) in the anesthetized baboon. Histamine H(3) receptor availability was estimated as the total distribution volume (V (T)) in brain regions. The sensitivity of [(11)C]GSK189254 binding to injected mass and carryover effects was determined. RESULTS JNJ-39220675 produces robust (ca. 90 %) blockade of [(11)C]GSK189254 binding after i.v. and oral administration. After oral administration of JNJ-39220675 (1 mg/kg), the fractional receptor occupancy was >0.9 at 90 min with a slight increase from 90 to 240 min. Similar to prior studies in humans, V (T) was highly sensitive to the mass of GSK189254 with ED(50) estimated to be 0.16 μg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The robust blockade of binding of [(11)C]GSK189254 by JNJ-39220675 demonstrates that this compound readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and occupies the histamine H(3) receptor after oral administration at low plasma concentrations (∼1 ng/cc) supporting further drug development for alcohol addiction and other disorders. This study corroborates prior reports of the high sensitivity of [(11)C]GSK189254 to injected mass at doses >0.1 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Logan
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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Cho W, Maruff P, Connell J, Gargano C, Calder N, Doran S, Fox-Bosetti S, Hassan A, Renger J, Herman G, Lines C, Verma A. Additive effects of a cholinesterase inhibitor and a histamine inverse agonist on scopolamine deficits in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 218:513-24. [PMID: 21644059 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Enhancement of histaminergic neurotransmission or histaminergic plus cholinergic neurotransmission may represent novel strategies for improving cognition in Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a novel histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist (MK-3134), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (donepezil), and their combination in attenuating the cognitive impairment associated with scopolamine. METHODS Thirty-one subjects were randomized, and 28 completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, five-period crossover study. Cognition was assessed using the Groton Maze Learning Task (GMLT) as the primary outcome measure. The two primary hypotheses were that donepezil 10 mg and MK-3134 25 mg, respectively, would attenuate scopolamine (0.5 mg)-induced impairment as measured by the GMLT over the first 12 h after scopolamine administration (AUC(1-12) (h)). A secondary hypothesis was that the combination of donepezil and MK-3134 would attenuate scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment to a greater extent than either agent alone as measured by the GMLT AUC(1-12 h). RESULTS The primary and secondary hypotheses were not met. Upon examining the time course of the scopolamine effects (an exploratory objective), peak effects were generally observed around 2 h after scopolamine administration. Administration of MK-3134 or donepezil improved performance on the GMLT at the 2-h time point, rather than AUC(1-12 h), compared with scopolamine alone. Moreover, it appeared that the combination of MK-3134 and donepezil blunted the scopolamine effect to a greater extent than either drug alone. CONCLUSIONS Exploratory analyses provide evidence for cognitive improvement through inverse agonism of the H3 histamine receptor and for cooperation between human cholinergic and histaminergic neurotransmitter systems. (ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration number: NCT01181310).
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cho
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
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Krusong K, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Xu M, Ohtsu H, Anderson GM, State MW, Pittenger C. High levels of histidine decarboxylase in the striatum of mice and rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 495:110-4. [PMID: 21440039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter histamine is produced in the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus; these neurons project broadly throughout central nervous system. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) synthesizes histamine from histidine; in the brain, its mRNA is expressed exclusively in the posterior hypothalamus. Histamine receptors are expressed throughout the forebrain, including in cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia, suggesting functional innervation of these structures. We investigated the distribution of HDC protein in dissected tissue from mouse and rat, anticipating that it would reflect the density of hypothalamic histaminergic axonal projections and thus qualitatively parallel the known distribution of histamine receptors. HDC protein was found at high levels in hypothalamus, as anticipated. Surprisingly, it was found at comparably high levels in mouse striatum. HDC protein was 10-fold lower in cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Specificity of HDC detection by Western blot was confirmed using HDC knockout mice. Similar high levels of HDC protein were found in dissected striatum from rat. Striatum does not, however, contain comparably elevated of histamine, relative to other forebrain structures; we confirmed this fact using HPLC. This discrepancy between HDC protein and histamine levels in the striatum suggests that histamine metabolism and neurotransmission in basal ganglia may have unique characteristics, the details of which remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuakarun Krusong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Galici R, Rezvani AH, Aluisio L, Lord B, Levin ED, Fraser I, Boggs J, Welty N, Shoblock JR, Motley ST, Letavic MA, Carruthers NI, Dugovic C, Lovenberg TW, Bonaventure P. JNJ-39220675, a novel selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, reduces the abuse-related effects of alcohol in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 214:829-41. [PMID: 21086115 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A few recent studies suggest that brain histamine levels and signaling via H(3) receptors play an important role in modulation of alcohol stimulation and reward in rodents. OBJECTIVE The present study characterized the effects of a novel, selective, and brain penetrant H(3) receptor antagonist (JNJ-39220675) on the reinforcing effects of alcohol in rats. METHODS The effect of JNJ-39220675 on alcohol intake and alcohol relapse-like behavior was evaluated in selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats using the standard two-bottle choice method. The compound was also tested on operant alcohol self administration in non-dependent rats and on alcohol-induced ataxia using the rotarod apparatus. In addition, alcohol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens was tested in freely moving rats. RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of the selective H(3) receptor antagonist dose-dependently reduced both alcohol intake and preference in alcohol-preferring rats. JNJ-39220675 also reduced alcohol preference in the same strain of rats following a 3-day alcohol deprivation. The compound significantly and dose-dependently reduced alcohol self-administration without changing saccharin self-administration in alcohol non-dependent rats. Furthermore, the compound did not change the ataxic effects of alcohol, alcohol elimination rate, nor alcohol-induced dopamine release in nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that blockade of H(3) receptor should be considered as a new attractive mechanism for the treatment of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Galici
- Bristol Myers-Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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Wallace TL, Ballard TM, Pouzet B, Riedel WJ, Wettstein JG. Drug targets for cognitive enhancement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:130-45. [PMID: 21463652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of novel drug targets for treating cognitive impairments associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders remains a primary focus of study in central nervous system (CNS) research. Many promising new therapies are progressing through preclinical and clinical development, and offer the potential of improved treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as other disorders that have not been particularly well treated to date like the cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Among targets under investigation, cholinergic receptors have received much attention with several nicotinic agonists (α7 and α4β2) actively in clinical trials for the treatment of AD, CIAS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both glutamatergic and serotonergic (5-HT) agonists and antagonists have profound effects on neurotransmission and improve cognitive function in preclinical experiments with animals; some of these compounds are now in proof-of-concept studies in humans. Several histamine H3 receptor antagonists are in clinical development not only for cognitive enhancement, but also for the treatment of narcolepsy and cognitive deficits due to sleep deprivation because of their expression in brain sleep centers. Compounds that dampen inhibitory tone (e.g., GABA(A) α5 inverse agonists) or elevate excitatory tone (e.g., glycine transporter inhibitors) offer novel approaches for treating diseases such as schizophrenia, AD and Down syndrome. In addition to cell surface receptors, intracellular drug targets such as the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are known to impact signaling pathways that affect long-term memory formation and working memory. Overall, there is a genuine need to treat cognitive deficits associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions as well as an increasingly aging population.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cognition Disorders/drug therapy
- Cognition Disorders/physiopathology
- Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects
- Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Learning/drug effects
- Learning/physiology
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory/physiology
- Nootropic Agents/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, GABA/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA/physiology
- Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Glutamate/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L Wallace
- Center for Neuroscience, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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Terry AV, Callahan PM, Hall B, Webster SJ. Alzheimer's disease and age-related memory decline (preclinical). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:190-210. [PMID: 21315756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An unfortunate result of the rapid rise in geriatric populations worldwide is the increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a devastating neurodegenerative illness that is characterized by a profound impairment of cognitive function, marked physical disability, and an enormous economic burden on the afflicted individual, caregivers, and society in general. The rise in elderly populations is also resulting in an increase in individuals with related (potentially treatable) conditions such as "Mild Cognitive Impairment" (MCI) which is characterized by a less severe (but abnormal) level of cognitive impairment and a high-risk for developing dementia. Even in the absence of a diagnosable disorder of cognition (e.g., AD and MCI), the perception of increased forgetfulness and declining mental function is a clear source of apprehension in the elderly. This is a valid concern given that even a modest impairment of cognitive function is likely to be associated with significant disability in a rapidly evolving, technology-based society. Unfortunately, the currently available therapies designed to improve cognition (i.e., for AD and other forms of dementia) are limited by modest efficacy and adverse side effects, and their effects on cognitive function are not sustained over time. Accordingly, it is incumbent on the scientific community to develop safer and more effective therapies that improve and/or sustain cognitive function in the elderly allowing them to remain mentally active and productive for as long as possible. As diagnostic criteria for memory disorders evolve, the demand for pro-cognitive therapeutic agents is likely to surpass AD and dementia to include MCI and potentially even less severe forms of memory decline. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the contemporary therapeutic targets and preclinical pharmacologic approaches (with representative drug examples) designed to enhance memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Small Animal Behavior Core, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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61
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Berlin M, Boyce CW, de Lera Ruiz M. Histamine H3 Receptor as a Drug Discovery Target. J Med Chem 2010; 54:26-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berlin
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Christopher W. Boyce
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Manuel de Lera Ruiz
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Fell MJ, Witkin JM, Falcone JF, Katner JS, Perry KW, Hart J, Rorick-Kehn L, Overshiner CD, Rasmussen K, Chaney SF, Benvenga MJ, Li X, Marlow DL, Thompson LK, Luecke SK, Wafford KA, Seidel WF, Edgar DM, Quets AT, Felder CC, Wang X, Heinz BA, Nikolayev A, Kuo MS, Mayhugh D, Khilevich A, Zhang D, Ebert PJ, Eckstein JA, Ackermann BL, Swanson SP, Catlow JT, Dean RA, Jackson K, Tauscher-Wisniewski S, Marek GJ, Schkeryantz JM, Svensson KA. N-(4-((2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-(isobutyryl)phenoxy)methyl)benzyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (THIIC), a Novel Metabotropic Glutamate 2 Potentiator with Potential Anxiolytic/Antidepressant Properties: In Vivo Profiling Suggests a Link between Behavioral and Central Nervous System Neurochemical Changes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:165-77. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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63
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Van Ruitenbeek P, Vermeeren A, Riedel WJ. Cognitive domains affected by histamine H(1)-antagonism in humans: a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:263-82. [PMID: 20685608 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter histamine has been suggested to be involved in cognitive functioning. Generally, studies in animals have shown a decrease in performance after decreasing histamine neurotransmission and improved performance after increasing histamine neurotransmission. It is unclear, however, what role histamine plays in cognition in humans. Up until now, most data are derived from studies and reviews that aimed to assess the sedative potential of H(1)-antagonists and not the effects on cognition in particular. The objective of this paper is specifically to review which cognitive domains are affected by H(1)-antagonists. Taken together, 90 experimental studies on the performance effects of sedative H(1)-antagonists published between 1973 and 2009 were reviewed. Results showed that psychomotor skills and attention are most frequently impaired and memory the least. Tasks assessing memory that were affected usually required rapid responses. It was concluded that both the complexity of the task as well as the demand for information processing speed determines the sensitivity to the effects of central H(1)-antagonism. The importance of the sensitive cognitive domains to histaminergic dysfunction, as well as the relation between histamine related decrease in arousal and task performance deserve further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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64
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Histamine and histamine receptors in pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:180-9. [PMID: 20493888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with chronic inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Due to disease complexity and heterogeneity, its pathogenesis remains unknown and despite extensive studies, specific effective treatments have not yet been developed. The factors behind the initiation of the inflammatory reactions in CNS have not been identified until now. MS is considered as a complex disease depending on genetic as well as environmental factors. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the preferential experimental rodent model for MS. Histamine [2-(4-imidazole) ethylamine] is a ubiquitous inflammatory mediator of diverse physiological processes including neurotransmission, secretion of pituitary hormones, and regulation of the gastrointestinal and circulatory systems which can modulate immune responses. Histamine functions are mediated through four G-protein coupled receptors that are named H1-H4 receptor. Histamine is implicated as an important factor in pathophysiology of MS and EAE. It has been shown that histamine can change the permeability of blood brain barrier, which leads to elevation of infiltrated cells in CNS and neuroinflammation. In contrast, there are evidence that show the protective role of histamine in MS and its animal model, EAE. In this review, we try to clarify the role of histamine in pathogenesis of MS, as well as we evaluate the efficacy of histamine receptors agonists and antagonists in treatment of this disease.
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Yu F, Bonaventure P, Thurmond RL. The Future Antihistamines: Histamine H3 and H4 Receptor Ligands. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 709:125-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8056-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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66
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Hamill TG, Sato N, Jitsuoka M, Tokita S, Sanabria S, Eng W, Ryan C, Krause S, Takenaga N, Patel S, Zeng Z, Williams D, Sur C, Hargreaves R, Burns HD. Inverse agonist histamine H3 receptor PET tracers labelled with carbon-11 or fluorine-18. Synapse 2009; 63:1122-32. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.20689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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67
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Foley AG, Prendergast A, Barry C, Scully D, Upton N, Medhurst AD, Regan CM. H3 receptor antagonism enhances NCAM PSA-mediated plasticity and improves memory consolidation in odor discrimination and delayed match-to-position paradigms. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:2585-600. [PMID: 19657331 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To further understand the procognitive actions of GSK189254, a histamine H(3) receptor antagonist, we determined its influence on the modulation of hippocampal neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polysialylation (PSA) state, a necessary neuroplastic mechanism for learning and memory consolidation. A 4-day treatment with GSK189254 significantly increased basal expression of dentate polysialylated cells in rats with the maximal effect being observed at 0.03-0.3 mg/kg. At the optimal dose (0.3 mg/kg), GSK189254 enhanced water maze learning and the associated transient increase in NCAM-polysialylated cells. The increase in dentate polysialylated cell frequency induced by GSK189254 was not attributable to enhanced neurogenesis, although it did induce a small, but significant, increase in the survival of these newborn cells. GSK189254 (0.3 mg/kg) was without effect on polysialylated cell frequency in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, but significantly increased the diffuse PSA staining observed in the anterior, ventromedial, and dorsomedial aspects of the hypothalamus. Consistent with its ability to enhance the learning-associated, post-training increases in NCAM PSA state, GSK189254 (0.3 mg/kg) reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine given in the 6-h post-training period after training in an odor discrimination paradigm. Moreover, GSK189254 significantly improved the performance accuracy of a delayed match-to-position paradigm, a task dependent on the prefrontal cortex and degree of cortical arousal, the latter may be related to enhanced NCAM PSA-associated plasticity in the hypothalamus. The procognitive actions of H3 antagonism combined with increased NCAM PSA expression may exert a disease-modifying action in conditions harboring fundamental deficits in NCAM-mediated neuroplasticity, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Foley
- Berand Neuropharmacology, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Development of a selective and potent radioactive ligand for histamine H3 receptors: A compound potentially useful for receptor occupancy studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4075-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yokoyama F, Yamauchi M, Oyama M, Okuma K, Onozawa K, Nagayama T, Shinei R, Ishikawa M, Sato Y, Kakui N. Anxiolytic-like profiles of histamine H3 receptor agonists in animal models of anxiety: a comparative study with antidepressants and benzodiazepine anxiolytic. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 205:177-87. [PMID: 19357839 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Histamine H3 receptor functions as a presynaptic auto- and hetero-receptor on histaminergic and non-histaminergic neurons in the brain regulating the synaptic release of numerous neurotransmitters. Therefore, the ligands for this receptor have been proposed to be of therapeutic interest for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. At present, however, the psychopharmacological profiles of H3 ligands, particularly H3 agonists, have not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the anxiolytic-like profiles of H3-selective agonists in a variety of classical (benzodiazepine-sensitive) and atypical (antidepressant-effective) animal models of anxiety. Comparator drugs used were diazepam and both fluvoxamine and desipramine in the former and latter models, respectively. RESULTS H3 agonist R-alpha-methylhistamine and immepip were inactive in rat elevated plus maze test and Vogel type conflict test where diazepam (5 mg/kg) produced significant anxiolytic-like effects. Meanwhile, these H3 agonists (10-30 mg/kg) significantly reduced isolation-induced vocalizations in guinea pig pups and isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mouse resident-intruder test. Moreover, in rat conditioned fear stress test, R-alpha-methylhistamine (30 mg/kg) and immepip (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased freezing time, which were completely reversed by concomitant treatment with H3 antagonist, thioperamide (10 mg/kg). In contrast to the limited efficacy obtained with desipramine (30 mg/kg), fluvoxamine (20-60 mg/kg) exhibited anxiolytic-like effects in all the latter three atypical models. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the H3 agonists may have anxiolytic-like effects similar to those of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors but not benzodiazepine anxiolytics and represent a novel strategy for the treatment of some anxiety disorders in which selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Yokoyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 760 Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-8567, Japan
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70
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Sasaki T, Takahashi T, Nagase T, Mizutani T, Ito S, Mitobe Y, Miyamoto Y, Kanesaka M, Yoshimoto R, Tanaka T, Takenaga N, Tokita S, Sato N. Synthesis, structure–activity relationships, and biological profiles of a dihydrobenzoxathiin class of histamine H3 receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4232-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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71
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Edgar CJ, Pace-Schott EF, Wesnes KA. Approaches to measuring the effects of wake-promoting drugs: a focus on cognitive function. Hum Psychopharmacol 2009; 24:371-89. [PMID: 19565524 PMCID: PMC2747813 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In clinical drug development, wakefulness and wake-promotion may be assessed by a large number of scales and questionnaires. Objective assessment of wakefulness is most commonly made using sleep latency/maintenance of wakefulness tests, polysomnography and/or behavioral measures. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the degree of overlap in the assessment of wakefulness and cognition, with consideration of assessment techniques and the underlying neurobiology of both concepts. DESIGN Reviews of four key areas were conducted: commonly used techniques in the assessment of wakefulness; neurobiology of sleep/wake and cognition; targets of wake promoting and/or cognition enhancing drugs; and ongoing clinical trials investigating wake promoting effects. RESULTS There is clear overlap between the assessment of wakefulness and cognition. There are common techniques which may be used to assess both concepts; aspects of the neurobiology of both concepts may be closely related; and wake-promoting drugs may have nootropic properties (and vice versa). Clinical trials of wake-promoting drugs often, though not routinely, assess aspects of cognition. CONCLUSIONS Routine and broad assessment of cognition in the development of wake-promoting drugs may reveal important nootropic effects, which are not secondary to alertness/wakefulness, whilst existing cognitive enhancers may have underexplored or unknown wake promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward F. Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Sleep and Cognition, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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72
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JNJ-10181457, a selective non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonist, normalizes acetylcholine neurotransmission and has efficacy in translational rat models of cognition. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56:1131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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73
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van Ruitenbeek P, Vermeeren A, Smulders FTY, Sambeth A, Riedel WJ. Histamine H1 receptor blockade predominantly impairs sensory processes in human sensorimotor performance. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:76-85. [PMID: 19220286 PMCID: PMC2697787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Centrally active antihistamines impair cognitive performance, particularly sensorimotor performance. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the scarcely studied subprocesses involved in sensorimotor performance, which may be affected by H1 receptor blockade. Better knowledge about the cognitive deficits associated with histamine dysfunction can contribute to better treatment of clinical disorders in which histamine hypofunction may be a contributing factor, such as in schizophrenia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Interactions of dexchlorpheniramine with specific task manipulations in a choice reaction time task were studied. Task demands were increased at the level of sensory subprocesses by decreasing stimulus quality, and at the level of motor subprocesses by increasing response complexity. A total of 18 healthy volunteers (9 female) aged between 18 and 45 years participated in a three-way, double-blind, crossover design. Treatments were single oral doses of 4 mg dexchlorpheniramine, 1 mg lorazepam and placebo. Behavioural effects were assessed by measuring reaction times and effects on brain activity by event-related potentials. KEY RESULTS Dexchlorpheniramine significantly slowed reaction times, but did not significantly interact with task manipulations. However, it did significantly interact with stimulus quality, as measured by event-related potentials. Lorazepam slowed reaction times and interacted with perceptual manipulations, as shown by effects on reaction times. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results confirm that the histamine system is involved in sensory information processing and show that H1 blockade does not affect motoric information processing. Histamine hypofunction in clinical disorders may cause impaired sensory processing, which may be a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Ruitenbeek
- Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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74
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Medhurst AD, Roberts JC, Lee J, Chen CPLH, Brown SH, Roman S, Lai MKP. Characterization of histamine H3 receptors in Alzheimer's Disease brain and amyloid over-expressing TASTPM mice. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:130-8. [PMID: 19222483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histamine H3 receptor antagonists are currently being evaluated for their potential use in a number of central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To date, little is known about the state of H3 receptors in AD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the present study we used the radiolabelled H3 receptor antagonist [3H]GSK189254 to investigate H3 receptor binding in the amyloid over-expressing double mutant APPswe x PSI.MI46V (TASTPM) transgenic mouse model of AD and in post-mortem human AD brain samples. KEY RESULTS No significant differences in specific H3 receptor binding were observed between wild type and TASTPM mice in the cortex, hippocampus or hypothalamus. Specific [3H]GSK189254 binding was detected in sections of human medial frontal cortex from AD brains of varying disease severity (Braak stages I-VI). With more quantitative analysis in a larger cohort, we observed that H3 receptor densities were not significantly different between AD and age-matched control brains in both frontal and temporal cortical regions. However, within the AD group, [3H]GSK189254 binding density in frontal cortex was higher in individuals with more severe dementia prior to death. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The maintenance of H3 receptor integrity observed in the various stages of AD in this study is important, given the potential use of H3 antagonists as a novel therapeutic approach for the symptomatic treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Medhurst
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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75
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Preclinical investigations into the antipsychotic potential of the novel histamine H3 receptor antagonist GSK207040. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 201:483-94. [PMID: 18762914 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the novel nonimidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonist 5-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazapin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (GSK207040) in a series of behavioral and neurochemical paradigms designed to evaluate its antipsychotic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute orally administered GSK207040 was investigated for its capacity to reverse a 24-h-induced deficit in novel object recognition memory, deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) induced by isolation rearing, and hyperlocomotor activity induced by amphetamine. The acute neurochemical effects of GSK207040 were explored by analyzing rat anterior cingulate cortex microdialysates for levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine and by c-fos immunohistochemistry. The potential for interaction with the antipsychotic dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol was explored behaviorally (spontaneous locomotor activity and catalepsy), biochemically (plasma prolactin), and via ex vivo receptor occupancy determinations. RESULTS GSK207040 significantly enhanced object recognition memory (3 mg/kg) and attenuated isolation rearing-induced deficits in PPI (1.0 and 3.2 mg/kg) but did not reverse amphetamine-induced increases in locomotor activity. There was no evidence of an interaction of GSK207040 with haloperidol. GSK207040 (3.2 mg/kg) raised extracellular concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine in the anterior cingulate cortex and c-fos expression in the core of the nucleus accumbens was increased at doses of 3.2 and 10.0 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The behavioral and neurochemical profile of GSK207040 supports the potential of histamine H3 receptor antagonism to treat the cognitive and sensory gating deficits of schizophrenia. However, the failure of GSK207040 to reverse amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity suggests that the therapeutic utility of histamine H(3) receptor antagonism versus positive symptoms is less likely, at least following acute administration.
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76
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Sasho S, Seishi T, Kawamura M, Tomuro M, Hirose R, Toki S, Shimada J. Diamine Derivatives Containing Imidazolidinylidene Propanedinitrile as a New Class of Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists: Conformationally Restricted Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:288-93. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Setsuya Sasho
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Seishi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd
| | - Mariko Kawamura
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd
| | - Misato Tomuro
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd
| | - Ryo Hirose
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd
| | - Shinichiro Toki
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd
| | - Junich Shimada
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd
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77
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Development of novel 2-[4-(aminoalkoxy)phenyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives as potent and selective histamine H3 receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6041-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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78
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Nagase T, Mizutani T, Sekino E, Ishikawa S, Ito S, Mitobe Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimoto R, Tanaka T, Ishihara A, Takenaga N, Tokita S, Sato N. Synthesis and Evaluation of Structurally Constrained Quinazolinone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6889-901. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800569w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nagase
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizutani
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sekino
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shiho Ishikawa
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ito
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yuko Mitobe
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Miyamoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshimoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Akane Ishihara
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Norihiro Takenaga
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tokita
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Nagaaki Sato
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
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79
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von Coburg Y, Kottke T, Weizel L, Ligneau X, Stark H. Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:538-42. [PMID: 19091563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists have some antipsychotic properties although the clear molecular mechanism is still unknown. As actually the most effective and less side effective antipsychotics are drugs with multiple targets we have designed typical and atypical neuroleptics with an additional histamine H3 pharmacophore. The 4-(3-piperidinopropoxy)phenyl pharmacophore moiety has been linked to amitriptyline, maprotiline, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, fluphenazine, and clozapine. Amide, amine and ester elements have been used generally to maintain or slightly shift affinity at dopamine D(2)-like receptors (D2 and D3), to decrease affinity at histamine H(1) receptors, and to obtain H3R ligands with low nanomolar or subnanomolar affinity. Change of effects at D(1)-like receptors (D1) and (D5) were heterogeneous. With these newly profiled compounds different antipsychotic properties might be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y von Coburg
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Biozentrum, ZAFES/CMP, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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80
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Synthesis and evaluation of a spiro-isobenzofuranone class of histamine H3 receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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81
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van Ruitenbeek P, Vermeeren A, Riedel W. Histamine H1-receptor blockade in humans affects psychomotor performance but not memory. J Psychopharmacol 2008; 22:663-72. [PMID: 18208925 DOI: 10.1177/0269881107081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Results from recent animal studies suggest an important role for histamine in memory functioning. Histaminergic drugs might prove beneficial for people suffering from memory impairment. To determine if histamine is involved in memory functioning this study evaluates the effects of histaminergic dysfunction on memory performance by administrating a H1-antagonist to humans. The study was conducted according to a 4-way, double-blind, crossover design in 20 healthy female volunteers, aged 18-45 years. On each test day subjects completed three test sessions: before and around 2 and 4 h after administration of single oral doses of dexchlorpheniramine 2 mg or 4 mg, scopolamine 1 mg or placebo. Drug effects were assessed using tests of memory, psychomotor and attention performance, and subjective alertness. Results showed that dexchlorpheniramine impaired performance in tests of spatial learning, reaction time, tracking and divided attention but showed no effects on working memory, visual memory, word learning or memory scanning. Scopolamine induced a similar pattern of effects. In addition, both drugs decreased subjective alertness. In conclusion results show that dexchlorpheniramine and scopolamine clearly impaired performance on psychomotor and attention tasks but do not suggest a specific role of the histaminergic system in learning and memory in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Ruitenbeek
- Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Brain and Behaviour Institute, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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82
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Nagase T, Mizutani T, Ishikawa S, Sekino E, Sasaki T, Fujimura T, Ito S, Mitobe Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimoto R, Tanaka T, Ishihara A, Takenaga N, Tokita S, Fukami T, Sato N. Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and Biological Profiles of a Quinazolinone Class of Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4780-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8003834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nagase
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizutani
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shiho Ishikawa
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sekino
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takahide Sasaki
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimura
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ito
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yuko Mitobe
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Miyamoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshimoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Akane Ishihara
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Norihiro Takenaga
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tokita
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takehiro Fukami
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Nagaaki Sato
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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83
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Yaari R, Kumar S, Tariot PN. Non-cholinergic drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:745-60. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.7.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
As the population ages, there is a growing need for effective therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases. A limited number of therapeutics are currently available to improve cognitive function and research is limited by the need for in vivo models. Zebrafish have recently become a focus of neurobehavioral studies since larvae display neuropathological and behavioral phenotypes that are quantifiable and relate to those seen in man. Due to the small size of Zebrafish larvae, assays can be undertaken in 96 well plates and as the larvae can live in as little as 200 mul of fluid, only a few milligrams of compound are needed for screening. Thus in vivo analysis of the effects of compounds can be undertaken at much earlier stages in the drug discovery process. This review will look at the utility of the zebrafish in the study of neurological diseases and its role in improving the throughput of candidate compounds in in vivo screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Best
- Summit (Cambridge) Ltd., Beach Drive Cambridge, UK
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85
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Sasho S, Seishi T, Kawamura M, Hirose R, Toki S, Shimada JI. Diamine derivatives containing imidazolidinylidene propanedinitrile as a new class of histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Part I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2288-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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86
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Kushida N, Watanabe N, Okuda T, Yokoyama F, Gyobu Y, Yaguchi T. PF1270A, B and C, novel histamine H3 receptor ligands produced by Penicillium waksmanii PF1270. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2008; 60:667-73. [PMID: 18057695 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2007.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three novel histamine H3 receptor (H3R) ligands, PF1270A (1), PF1270B (2) and PF1270C (3) were isolated from the culture broth of the fungal strain PF1270. The strain was identified as Penicillium waksmanii on the basis of morphological characteristics. These compounds were obtained from the culture broth by solvent extraction and chromatographic purification. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallographic analysis. They possess pentacyclic spiroindolinone skeletons. 1, 2 and 3 displayed high affinity for the rat H3R (Ki=0.058, 0.17 and 0.19 microM, respectively) and human H3R (Ki=0.047, 0.12 and 0.22 microM, respectively). Moreover, 1, 2 and 3 acted as potent agonists with the EC50 values of 0.12, 0.15 and 0.20 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kushida
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-8567, Japan.
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87
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Liu LL, Yang J, Lei GF, Wang GJ, Wang YW, Sun RP. Atomoxetine increases histamine release and improves learning deficits in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 102:527-32. [PMID: 18346050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substantial development in the pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been made recently including approval of new non-stimulant agents targeting noradrenergic, histaminergic and dopaminergic systems. Among such, atomoxetine has been widely used, although its mechanism of action is poorly understood. It is known that central nervous system histamine is closely associated with cognition and it was recently shown that both atomoxetine and methylphenidate enhance cortical histamine release in rats. To that end, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of atomoxetine (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on histamine release using the microdialysis technique in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a suitable genetic model for ADHD. Our data confirmed that atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of histamine in the prefrontal cortex, a brain region that is implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Given the tie between histamine neurotransmission and treatment of cognitive dysfunction, we also assessed the effects of atomoxetine on learning and memory as measured by the Morris water maze in SHR. The results indicated that atomoxetine significantly ameliorated performance in the Morris water maze, consistent with its histamine-enhancing profile. In conclusion, the current study provides further support for the notion that the therapeutic effect of atomoxetine could involve activation of histamine neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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88
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Cavalli A, Bolognesi ML, Minarini A, Rosini M, Tumiatti V, Recanatini M, Melchiorre C. Multi-target-directed ligands to combat neurodegenerative diseases. J Med Chem 2008; 51:347-72. [PMID: 18181565 DOI: 10.1021/jm7009364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 833] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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89
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Letavic MA, Stocking EM, Barbier AJ, Bonaventure P, Boggs JD, Lord B, Miller KL, Wilson SJ, Carruthers NI. Benzylamine histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4799-803. [PMID: 17616397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and in vitro activity of a series of novel 5-ethynyl-2-aryloxybenzylamine-based histamine H(3) ligands that are also serotonin reuptake transporters is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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90
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Roche O, Rodríguez Sarmiento RM. A new class of histamine H3 receptor antagonists derived from ligand based design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3670-5. [PMID: 17498953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective non-imidazole inverse agonists for the histamine H(3) receptor is described. The study validates a new pharmacophore model based on the merging of two previously described models. It also demonstrates that the removal of the basic center potentially interacting with ASP3.32 and common to both models leads to loss of activity, whereas the replacement of the second basic center by an acceptor retains the potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Roche
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Research Basel, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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91
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Keith JM, Gomez LA, Wolin RL, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Mazur C, Fraser IC, Lord B, Aluisio L, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinolines as potent dual H3 antagonist and serotonin transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2603-7. [PMID: 17317177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel and potent pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinolines with dual histamine H(3) antagonist/serotonin transporter inhibitor activity is described. A highly regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of the pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinoline core involving acid mediated ring-closure of an acetophenone intermediate followed by reduction with NaCNBH(3) was developed. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA.
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92
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Letavic MA, Keith JM, Ly KS, Barbier AJ, Boggs JD, Wilson SJ, Lord B, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Novel naphthyridines are histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2566-9. [PMID: 17307358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tetrahydronaphthyridine-based histamine H(3) ligands that have serotonin reuptake transporter inhibitor activity is described. The 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,6-naphthyridine scaffold is assembled via the addition of a nitrostyrene to a metalated pyridine followed by reduction and cyclization to form the naphthyridine. In vitro biological data for these novel compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, USA.
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93
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94
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Bonaventure P, Letavic M, Dugovic C, Wilson S, Aluisio L, Pudiak C, Lord B, Mazur C, Kamme F, Nishino S, Carruthers N, Lovenberg T. Histamine H3 receptor antagonists: From target identification to drug leads. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1084-96. [PMID: 17129577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The successful cloning and functional expression of the histamine H(3) receptor in the late 1990 s has greatly facilitated our efforts to identify small molecule, non-imidazole based compounds to permit the evaluation of H(3) antagonists in models of CNS disorders. High-throughput screening identified several series of lead compounds, including a series of imidazopyridines, which led to JNJ-6379490, a compound with high affinity for the human H(3) receptor. Analysis of structural features common to several series of non-imidazole H(3) receptor ligands resulted in a pharmacophore model. This model led to the design of JNJ-5207852, a diamine-based H(3) antagonist with good in vitro and in vivo efficacy but with an undesirable long half-life. However, further modifications of the template provided an understanding of the effect of structural modifications on pharmacokinetic properties, ultimately affording several additional series of compounds including JNJ-10181457, a compound with an improved pharmacokinetic profile. These compounds allowed in vivo pharmacological evaluation to show that H(3) antagonists promote wakefulness, but unlike modafinil and classical psychostimultants, they do not increase locomotor activity or produce any alteration of the EEG power spectral activity in rats. H(3) antagonists also increase extracellular acetylcholine and norepinephrine but not dopamine in rat frontal cortex and show efficacy in various models of learning-memory deficit. In addition, cFos immunoreactivity studies show H(3) antagonists activate neuronal cells in restricted rat brain regions in contrast to widespread activation after modafinil or amphetamine treatment. Therefore, H(3) antagonists are promising clinical candidates for the treatment of excessive day time sleepiness and/or cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bonaventure
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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95
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Medhurst AD, Briggs MA, Bruton G, Calver AR, Chessell I, Crook B, Davis JB, Davis RP, Foley AG, Heslop T, Hirst WD, Medhurst SJ, Ociepka S, Ray A, Regan CM, Sargent B, Schogger J, Stean TO, Trail BK, Upton N, White T, Orlek B, Wilson DM. Structurally novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists GSK207040 and GSK334429 improve scopolamine-induced memory impairment and capsaicin-induced secondary allodynia in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1182-94. [PMID: 17276409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
GSK207040 (5-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) and GSK334429 (1-(1-methylethyl)-4-({1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-4-piperidinyl}carbonyl)hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepine) are novel and selective non-imidazole histamine H(3) receptor antagonists from distinct chemical series with high affinity for human (pK(i)=9.67+/-0.06 and 9.49+/-0.09, respectively) and rat (pK(i)=9.08+/-0.16 and 9.12+/-0.14, respectively) H(3) receptors expressed in cerebral cortex. At the human recombinant H(3) receptor, GSK207040 and GSK334429 were potent functional antagonists (pA(2)=9.26+/-0.04 and 8.84+/-0.04, respectively versus H(3) agonist-induced changes in cAMP) and exhibited inverse agonist properties (pIC(50)=9.20+/-0.36 and 8.59+/-0.04 versus basal GTPgammaS binding). Following oral administration, GSK207040 and GSK334429 potently inhibited cortical ex vivo [(3)H]-R-alpha-methylhistamine binding (ED(50)=0.03 and 0.35 mg/kg, respectively). Functional antagonism of central H(3) receptors was demonstrated by blockade of R-alpha-methylhistamine-induced dipsogenia in rats (ID(50)=0.02 and 0.11 mg/kg p.o. for GSK207040 and GSK334429, respectively). In more pathophysiologically relevant pharmacodynamic models, GSK207040 (0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3mg/kg p.o.) and GSK334429 (0.3, 1 and 3mg/kg p.o.) significantly reversed amnesia induced by the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine in a passive avoidance paradigm. In addition, GSK207040 (0.1, 0.3 and 1mg/kg p.o.) and GSK334429 (3 and 10mg/kg p.o.) significantly reversed capsaicin-induced reductions in paw withdrawal threshold, suggesting for the first time that blockade of H(3) receptors may be able to reduce tactile allodynia. Novel H(3) receptor antagonists such as GSK207040 and GSK334429 may therefore have therapeutic potential not only in dementia but also in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Medhurst
- Neurology and GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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96
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Medhurst AD, Atkins AR, Beresford IJ, Brackenborough K, Briggs MA, Calver AR, Cilia J, Cluderay JE, Crook B, Davis JB, Davis RK, Davis RP, Dawson LA, Foley AG, Gartlon J, Gonzalez MI, Heslop T, Hirst WD, Jennings C, Jones DNC, Lacroix LP, Martyn A, Ociepka S, Ray A, Regan CM, Roberts JC, Schogger J, Southam E, Stean TO, Trail BK, Upton N, Wadsworth G, Wald JA, White T, Witherington J, Woolley ML, Worby A, Wilson DM. GSK189254, a Novel H3 Receptor Antagonist That Binds to Histamine H3 Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and Improves Cognitive Performance in Preclinical Models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:1032-45. [PMID: 17327487 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.120311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
6-[(3-Cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide hydrochloride (GSK189254) is a novel histamine H(3) receptor antagonist with high affinity for human (pK(i) = 9.59 -9.90) and rat (pK(i) = 8.51-9.17) H(3) receptors. GSK189254 is >10,000-fold selective for human H(3) receptors versus other targets tested, and it exhibited potent functional antagonism (pA(2) = 9.06 versus agonist-induced changes in cAMP) and inverse agonism [pIC(50) = 8.20 versus basal guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate binding] at the human recombinant H(3) receptor. In vitro autoradiography demonstrated specific [(3)H]GSK189254 binding in rat and human brain areas, including cortex and hippocampus. In addition, dense H(3) binding was detected in medial temporal cortex samples from severe cases of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting for the first time that H(3) receptors are preserved in late-stage disease. After oral administration, GSK189254 inhibited cortical ex vivo R-(-)-alpha-methyl[imidazole-2,5(n)-(3)H]histamine dihydrochloride ([(3)H]R-alpha-methylhistamine) binding (ED(50) = 0.17 mg/kg) and increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in prefrontal and somatosensory cortex (3 mg/kg). Microdialysis studies demonstrated that GSK189254 (0.3-3 mg/kg p.o.) increased the release of acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and dopamine in the anterior cingulate cortex and acetylcholine in the dorsal hippocampus. Functional antagonism of central H(3) receptors was demonstrated by blockade of R-alpha-methylhistamine-induced dipsogenia in rats (ID(50) = 0.03 mg/kg p.o.). GSK189254 significantly improved performance of rats in diverse cognition paradigms, including passive avoidance (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.), water maze (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.), object recognition (0.3 and 1 mg/kg p.o.), and attentional set shift (1 mg/kg p.o.). These data suggest that GSK189254 may have therapeutic potential for the symptomatic treatment of dementia in Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Medhurst
- Neurology and GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Ave., Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK.
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97
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Dai H, Fu Q, Shen Y, Hu W, Zhang Z, Timmerman H, Leurs R, Chen Z. The histamine H3 receptor antagonist clobenpropit enhances GABA release to protect against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity through the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in cultured cortical neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 563:117-23. [PMID: 17350613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the histamine H3 receptor antagonist clobenpropit, the roles of histamine H3 receptors in NMDA-induced necrosis were investigated in rat cultured cortical neurons. Clobenpropit reversed the neurotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, and showed peak protection at a concentration of 10(-7) M. This protection was antagonized by the histamine H3 receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, but not by the histamine H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine or the histamine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. In addition, the protection by clobenpropit was inhibited by the GABAA receptor antagonists picrotoxin and bicuculline. Further study demonstrated that the protection by clobenpropit was due to increased GABA release. The inducible GABA release was also inhibited by (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, but not by pyrilamine or cimetidine. Furthermore, both the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ-22536 and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 reversed the protection and the GABA release by clobenpropit. In addition, clobenpropit reversed the NMDA-induced increase in intracellular calcium level, which was antagonized by (R)-alpha-methylhistamine. These results indicate that clobenpropit enhanced GABA release to protect against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, which was induced through the cAMP/PKA pathway, and reduction of intracellular calcium level may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, and Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, China
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98
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Letavic MA, Keith JM, Jablonowski JA, Stocking EM, Gomez LA, Ly KS, Miller JM, Barbier AJ, Bonaventure P, Boggs JD, Wilson SJ, Miller KL, Lord B, McAllister HM, Tognarelli DJ, Wu J, Abad MC, Schubert C, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Novel tetrahydroisoquinolines are histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1047-51. [PMID: 17127059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-based histamine H(3) ligands that also have serotonin reuptake transporter inhibitor activity is described. The synthesis, in vitro biological data, and select pharmacokinetic data for these novel compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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99
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge about the neural mechanisms that control sleep and arousal, triggered by two discoveries relating to the sleep disorder narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is caused by the loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus, and a novel nonstimulant wakefulness-promoting drug, modafinil, alleviates excessive day-time sleepiness associated with the disorder. The level of arousal is controlled by an intricate interplay between distinct wakefulness- and sleep-promoting nuclei situated in the hypothalamus and brainstem and the interconnections between the nuclei and the neurotransmitters involved have been mapped. Wakefulness-promoting nuclei include the orexinergic lateral hypothalamic/perifornical area, the histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus, the cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic raphe nuclei and possibly the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area. The major sleep-promoting nucleus is the GABAergic ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Currently available and future drugs exert their therapeutic effects in the three major classes of sleep disorder (insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia) by modifying neurotransmission at distinct sites within the arousal-controlling neuronal network. This enables classification of therapeutic drugs for sleep disorders on the basis of their modes of action: drugs that interact with the GABAergic sleep-promoting system, drugs that interact with different wakefulness-promoting systems and drugs that modulate the level of arousal by mechanisms that do not initially involve the basic network (e.g. melatonin, adenosine). The development of novel therapeutic drugs for sleep disorders is based on the synthesis of molecular/cellular mechanisms and the sites of action within the arousal-controlling neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elemer Szabadi
- Psychopharmacology Section, University of Nottingham, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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100
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Moreno-Delgado D, Torrent A, Gómez-Ramírez J, de Esch I, Blanco I, Ortiz J. Constitutive activity of H3 autoreceptors modulates histamine synthesis in rat brain through the cAMP/PKA pathway. Neuropharmacology 2006; 51:517-23. [PMID: 16769092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously described that agonist-activated histamine H3 autoreceptors inhibit the stimulation of histamine synthesis mediated by calcium/calmodulin- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases (CaMKII and PKA respectively) in histaminergic nerve endings. In the absence of an agonist H3 receptors show partial constitutive activity, so we hypothesized that suppression of constitutive activity by an inverse agonist could stimulate these transduction pathways. We show here that the H3 inverse agonist thioperamide increases histamine synthesis in rat brain cortical slices independently from the amounts of extracellular histamine. Thioperamide effects were mimicked by the inverse agonists clobenpropit and A-331440, but not by the neutral antagonist VUF-5681. In contrast, coincubation with VUF-5681 suppressed thioperamide effects. The effects of thioperamide were completely blocked by the PKA inhibitor peptide myristoyl-PKI14-22, a peptide that did not block depolarization stimulation of histamine synthesis. In addition, thioperamide effects required depolarization and were impaired by blockade of N-type calcium channels (mediating depolarization), but not by CaMKII inhibition. These results indicate that constitutive activity of H3 receptors in rat brain cortex inhibits the adenylate cyclase/PKA pathway, and perhaps also the opening of N-type voltage sensitive calcium channels, but apparently not CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno-Delgado
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bellaterra, Spain
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