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Imbriglio T, Verhaeghe R, Martinello K, Pascarelli MT, Chece G, Bucci D, Notartomaso S, Quattromani M, Mascio G, Scalabrì F, Simeone A, Maccari S, Del Percio C, Wieloch T, Fucile S, Babiloni C, Battaglia G, Limatola C, Nicoletti F, Cannella M. Developmental abnormalities in cortical GABAergic system in mice lacking mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors. FASEB J 2019; 33:14204-14220. [PMID: 31665922 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901093rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic variants of the gene encoding for metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3) are linked to schizophrenia. Because abnormalities of cortical GABAergic interneurons lie at the core of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we examined whether mGlu3 receptors influence the developmental trajectory of cortical GABAergic transmission in the postnatal life. mGlu3-/- mice showed robust changes in the expression of interneuron-related genes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), including large reductions in the expression of parvalbumin (PV) and the GluN1 subunit of NMDA receptors. The number of cortical cells enwrapped by perineuronal nets was increased in mGlu3-/- mice, suggesting that mGlu3 receptors shape the temporal window of plasticity of PV+ interneurons. Electrophysiological measurements of GABAA receptor-mediated responses revealed a more depolarized reversal potential of GABA currents in the somata of PFC pyramidal neurons in mGlu3-/- mice at postnatal d 9 associated with a reduced expression of the K+/Cl- symporter. Finally, adult mGlu3-/- mice showed lower power in electroencephalographic rhythms at 1-45 Hz in quiet wakefulness as compared with their wild-type counterparts. These findings suggest that mGlu3 receptors have a strong impact on the development of cortical GABAergic transmission and cortical neural synchronization mechanisms corroborating the concept that genetic variants of mGlu3 receptors may predispose to psychiatric disorders.-Imbriglio, T., Verhaeghe, R., Martinello, K., Pascarelli, M. T., Chece, G., Bucci, D., Notartomaso, S., Quattromani, M., Mascio, G., Scalabrì, F., Simeone, A., Maccari, S., Del Percio, C., Wieloch, T., Fucile, S., Babiloni, C., Battaglia, G., Limatola, C., Nicoletti, F., Cannella, M. Developmental abnormalities in cortical GABAergic system in mice lacking mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Imbriglio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Remy Verhaeghe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Martinello
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pascarelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Bucci
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Serena Notartomaso
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Miriana Quattromani
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giada Mascio
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Scalabrì
- Istituto di Ricerca Biologia Molecolare (IRBM) Science Park S.p.A., Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Simeone
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Centro Nazionale Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Department of Science and Medical-Surgical Biotechnology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,University of Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Oasi Research Institute - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Hospital San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Milena Cannella
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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52
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Neuronal Pentraxin 2 Binds PNNs and Enhances PNN Formation. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:6804575. [PMID: 31772567 PMCID: PMC6854953 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6804575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The perineuronal net (PNN) is a mesh-like proteoglycan structure on the neuronal surface which is involved in regulating plasticity. The PNN regulates plasticity via multiple pathways, one of which is direct regulation of synapses through the control of AMPA receptor mobility. Since neuronal pentraxin 2 (Nptx2) is a known regulator of AMPA receptor mobility and Nptx2 can be removed from the neuronal surface by PNN removal, we investigated whether Nptx2 has a function in the PNN. We found that Nptx2 binds to the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronan and chondroitin sulphate E in the PNN. Furthermore, in primary cortical neuron cultures, the addition of NPTX2 to the culture medium enhances PNN formation during PNN development. These findings suggest Nptx2 as a novel PNN binding protein with a role in the mechanism of PNN formation.
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53
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Taylor SF, Grove TB, Ellingrod VL, Tso IF. The Fragile Brain: Stress Vulnerability, Negative Affect and GABAergic Neurocircuits in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1170-1183. [PMID: 31150555 PMCID: PMC6811817 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia exhibit sensitivity to stress and negative affect (NA), both strongly correlated with poor functional outcome. This theoretical review suggests that NA reflects a "fragile brain," ie, vulnerable to stress, including events not experienced as stressful by healthy individuals. Based on postmortem evidence of altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in parvalbumin positive interneurons (PVI), animal models of PVI abnormalities and neuroimaging data with GABAergic challenge, it is suggested that GABAergic disruptions weaken cortical regions, which leads to stress vulnerability and excessive NA. Neurocircuits that respond to stressful and salient environmental stimuli, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the amygdala, are highly dysregulated in schizophrenia, exhibiting hypo- and hyper-activity. PVI abnormalities in lateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus have been hypothesized to affect cognitive function and positive symptoms, respectively; in the medial frontal cortex (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex), these abnormalities may lead to vulnerability to stress, NA and dysregulation of stress responsive systems. Given that postmortem PVI disruptions have been identified in other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and autism, stress vulnerability may reflect a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 734-936-4955, fax: 734-936-7868, e-mail:
| | - Tyler B Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
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54
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Domínguez S, Rey CC, Therreau L, Fanton A, Massotte D, Verret L, Piskorowski RA, Chevaleyre V. Maturation of PNN and ErbB4 Signaling in Area CA2 during Adolescence Underlies the Emergence of PV Interneuron Plasticity and Social Memory. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1099-1112.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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55
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Chen J, Wu JS, Mize T, Moreno M, Hamid M, Servin F, Bashy B, Zhao Z, Jia P, Tsuang MT, Kendler KS, Xiong M, Chen X. A Frameshift Variant in the CHST9 Gene Identified by Family-Based Whole Genome Sequencing Is Associated with Schizophrenia in Chinese Population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12717. [PMID: 31481703 PMCID: PMC6722128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies imply that rare variants contribute to the risk of schizophrenia, however, the exact variants or genes responsible for this condition are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 20 Chinese families. Each family consisted of at least two affected siblings diagnosed with schizophrenia and at least one unaffected sibling. We examined functional variants that were found in affected sibling(s) but not in unaffected sibling(s) within a family. Matching this criterion, a frameshift heterozygous deletion of CA (–/CA) at chromosome 18:24722722, also referred to as rs752084147, in the Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 9 (CHST9) gene, was detected in two families. This deletion was confirmed by PCR-based Sanger sequencing. With the observed frequency of 0.00076 in Han Chinese population, we performed both case-control and family-based analyses to evaluate its association with schizophrenia. In the case-control analyses, Chi-square test P-value was 6.80e-12 and the P-value was 0.0008 after one million simulations. In family-based segregation analyses, segregation P-value was 7.72e-7 and simulated P-value was 5.70e-6. For both the case-control and family-based analyses, the CA deletion was significantly associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Further investigation of this gene is warranted in the development of schizophrenia by utilizing larger and more ethnically diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA.
| | - Jain-Shing Wu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Travis Mize
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Marvi Moreno
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Mahtab Hamid
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Francisco Servin
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Bita Bashy
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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56
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Pesarico AP, Bueno-Fernandez C, Guirado R, Gómez-Climent MÁ, Curto Y, Carceller H, Nacher J. Chronic Stress Modulates Interneuronal Plasticity: Effects on PSA-NCAM and Perineuronal Nets in Cortical and Extracortical Regions. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:197. [PMID: 31133813 PMCID: PMC6524695 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress has an important impact on the adult brain. However, most of the knowledge on its effects is focused on principal neurons and less on inhibitory neurons. Consequently, recent reports have begun to describe stress-induced alterations in the structure, connectivity and neurochemistry of interneurons. Some of these changes appear to be mediated by certain molecules particularly associated to interneurons, such as the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) and components of the perineuronal nets (PNN), specialized regions of the extracellular matrix. These plasticity-related molecules modulate interneuronal structure and connectivity, particularly of parvalbumin expressing basket interneurons, both during development and adult life. These inhibitory neurons are specially affected after chronic stress and in some stress-related disorders, in which the expression of PSA-NCAM and certain components of PNN are also altered. For these reasons we have decided to study PSA-NCAM, PNN and parvalbumin expressing interneurons after 10 days of chronic restraint stress, a time point in which its behavioral consequences are starting to appear. We have focused initially on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and hippocampus, regions affected by stress and stress-related psychiatric diseases, but we have also explored the habenula and the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) due to the important presence of PNN and their relationship with certain disorders. PSA-NCAM expression was increased by stress in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1. Increases in parvalbumin immunoreactive cells were detected in the mPFC and the BLA, but were not accompanied by increases in the number of parvalbumin expressing perisomatic puncta on the somata of principal neurons. The number of PNN was also increased in the mPFC and the habenula, although habenular PNN were not associated to parvalbumin cells. Increased expression of parvalbumin and components of PNN were also detected in the TRN after chronic restraint stress, revealing for the first time substantial effects on this region. Our study shows that, even a short chronic stress protocol, can induce consistent changes in interneuronal plasticity-related molecules in cortical and extracortical regions, which may represent initial responses of inhibitory circuits to counteract the effects of this aversive experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pesarico
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno-Fernandez
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ramón Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gómez-Climent
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yasmina Curto
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Hector Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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57
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Di Nardo AA, Fuchs J, Joshi RL, Moya KL, Prochiantz A. The Physiology of Homeoprotein Transduction. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1943-1982. [PMID: 30067157 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeoprotein family comprises ~300 transcription factors and was long seen as primarily involved in developmental programs through cell autonomous regulation. However, recent evidence reveals that many of these factors are also expressed in the adult where they exert physiological functions not yet fully deciphered. Furthermore, the DNA-binding domain of most homeoproteins contains two signal sequences allowing their secretion and internalization, thus intercellular transfer. This review focuses on this new-found signaling in cell migration, axon guidance, and cerebral cortex physiological homeostasis and speculates on how it may play important roles in early arealization of the neuroepithelium. It also describes the use of homeoproteins as therapeutic proteins in mouse models of diseases affecting the central nervous system, in particular Parkinson disease and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Di Nardo
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Rajiv L Joshi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Kenneth L Moya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Alain Prochiantz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
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58
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Nicoletti F, Orlando R, Di Menna L, Cannella M, Notartomaso S, Mascio G, Iacovelli L, Matrisciano F, Fazio F, Caraci F, Copani A, Battaglia G, Bruno V. Targeting mGlu Receptors for Optimization of Antipsychotic Activity and Disease-Modifying Effect in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:49. [PMID: 30890967 PMCID: PMC6413697 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are considered as candidate drug targets for the treatment of schizophrenia. These receptors form a family of eight subtypes (mGlu1 to -8), of which mGlu1 and -5 are coupled to Gq/11, and all other subtypes are coupled to Gi/o. Here, we discuss the possibility that selective ligands of individual mGlu receptor subtypes may be effective in controlling the core symptoms of schizophrenia, and, in some cases, may impact mechanisms underlying the progression of the disorder. Recent evidence indicates that activation of mGlu1 receptors inhibits dopamine release in the meso-striatal system. Hence, selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu1 receptors hold promise for the treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia. mGlu5 receptors are widely expressed in the CNS and regulate the activity of cells that are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, such as cortical GABAergic interneurons and microglial cells. mGlu5 receptor PAMs are under development for the treatment of schizophrenia and cater the potential to act as disease modifiers by restraining neuroinflammation. mGlu2 receptors have attracted considerable interest because they negatively modulate 5-HT2A serotonin receptor signaling in the cerebral cortex. Both mGlu2 receptor PAMs and orthosteric mGlu2/3 receptor agonists display antipsychotic-like activity in animal models, and the latter drugs are inactive in mice lacking mGlu2 receptors. So far, mGlu3 receptors have been left apart as drug targets for schizophrenia. However, activation of mGlu3 receptors boosts mGlu5 receptor signaling, supports neuronal survival, and drives microglial cells toward an antiinflammatory phenotype. This strongly encourages research of mGlu3 receptors in schizophrenia. Finally, preclical studies suggest that mGlu4 receptors might be targeted by novel antipsychotic drugs, whereas studies of mGlu7 and mGlu8 receptors in animal models of psychosis are still at their infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Orlando
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Luisa Iacovelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Matrisciano
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
| | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Bruno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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59
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van de Looij Y, Larpin C, Cabungcal JH, Sanches EF, Toulotte A, Do KQ, Sizonenko SV. Nutritional Intervention for Developmental Brain Damage: Effects of Lactoferrin Supplementation in Hypocaloric Induced Intrauterine Growth Restriction Rat Pups. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 30800096 PMCID: PMC6375847 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) refers to an impaired development of the fetus and hence results in adverse neurodevelopmental and psychiatric consequences later in life. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein present in milk that has already shown neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties on impaired developing brains. The aim of this study was to characterize a rat model of IUGR and assess the neuroprotective effect of a nutritional supplementation with bovine Lf during pregnancy and lactation on this model. Methods: A model of 50% gestational caloric restriction (CR) was used. Three groups were designed, and pregnant rats had either ad libitum access to food (control group, CTL) or 50% of the controls' intake (restricted group, IUGR). The diet was isocaloric and supplemented with bovine Lf for the caloric restricted dams (restricted-Lf, IUGR_Lf). At postnatal day 7 and 21, advanced ex-vivo diffusion MRI techniques at 9.4T were used to investigate brain cortical and white matter microstructure. Further, genes and proteins involved in structure (synaptophysin, MBP), microglia (Iba-1), metabolism (MCT2, βCaMKII) and apoptosis (Bcl-2) were analyzed in the cortex and striatum. In the cortex, the number of parvalbumin immunoreactive interneurons and their perineuronal nets were quantified. Behavioral tests were performed at P31. Results: Effects of the CR were significant in the cortex and striatum with reduction of synaptophysin (marker of synaptogenesis) at P7 and MBP (marker of myelin) at P21 in the cortex. Indeed, MCT2 (energy metabolism), Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) and βCaMKII (synapse activity) expressions were reduced in IUGR groups at P7. In the striatum NG2 (marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells) and Bcl-2 at P7 as well as βCaMKII at P21 were decreased following IUGR and restored by Lf. Cortical microstructure was impaired following CR with partial effect of Lf. Lf prevented oxidative stress induced parvalbumin interneurons impairments whereas striatum and external capsule showed alterations in microstructure depicted by diffusion MRI, which were also partially reversed by Lf. Discussion and Conclusion: The model of 50% caloric restriction induced mild impairment partially reversed by nutritional intervention using Lf during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan van de Looij
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camille Larpin
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo F. Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Toulotte
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q. Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane V. Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Stéphane V. Sizonenko
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60
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Sancandi M, Schul EV, Economides G, Constanti A, Mercer A. Structural Changes Observed in the Piriform Cortex in a Rat Model of Pre-motor Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:479. [PMID: 30618629 PMCID: PMC6296349 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) offers perhaps, the most promising route to a successful clinical intervention, and the use of an animal model exhibiting symptoms comparable to those observed in PD patients in the early stage of the disease, may facilitate screening of novel therapies for delaying the onset of more debilitating motor and behavioral abnormalities. In this study, a rat model of pre-motor PD was used to study the etiology of hyposmia, a non-motor symptom linked to the early stage of the disease when the motor symptoms have yet to be experienced. The study focussed on determining the effect of a partial reduction of both dopamine and noradrenaline levels on the olfactory cortex. Neuroinflammation and striking structural changes were observed in the model. These changes were prevented by treatment with a neuroprotective drug, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonist, exendin-4 (EX-4).
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61
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Yukawa T, Iwakura Y, Takei N, Saito M, Watanabe Y, Toyooka K, Igarashi M, Niizato K, Oshima K, Kunii Y, Yabe H, Matsumoto J, Wada A, Hino M, Iritani S, Niwa SI, Takeuchi R, Takahashi H, Kakita A, Someya T, Nawa H. Pathological alterations of chondroitin sulfate moiety in postmortem hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:940-946. [PMID: 30551347 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets comprise chondroitin sulfate moieties and their core proteins, and their neuropathological alterations have been implicated in schizophrenia. To explore the molecular mechanism of the perineuronal net impairments in schizophrenia, we measured the immunoreactivity of chondroitin sulfate moieties, major components of perineuronal nets, in three brain regions (postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and hippocampus) of schizophrenia patients and control subjects. Immunoblotting for chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate moieties revealed a significant increase in intensity of a 180 kD band of chondroitin 4-sulfate immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of patients, although we detected no significant alteration in their immunoreactivities with any other molecular sizes or in other brain regions. The levels of immunoreactivity were not correlated with postmortem interval, age, or storage time. We failed to find such an increase in a similar molecular range of the chondroitin 4-sulfate immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the rats chronically treated with haloperidol. These results suggest that the level alteration of the chondroitin 4-sulfate moiety might contribute to the perineuronal net abnormality found in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yukawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Iwakura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takei
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Mami Saito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Toyooka
- Minamihama Hospital, 4540, Shimami-cho, Kita-ku Niigata, Niigata 950-3102, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences and Trans-disciplinary Research Program, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Niizato
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, 2-1-1, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oshima
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, 2-1-1, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Akira Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shuji Iritani
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, 2-1-1, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan; Department of Mental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Niwa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takeuchi
- Pathology and Brain Disease Research Center, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Pathology and Brain Disease Research Center, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Pathology and Brain Disease Research Center, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
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62
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Paylor JW, Wendlandt E, Freeman TS, Greba Q, Marks WN, Howland JG, Winship IR. Impaired Cognitive Function after Perineuronal Net Degradation in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0253-18.2018. [PMID: 30627657 PMCID: PMC6325561 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0253-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are highly organized components of the extracellular matrix that surround a subset of mature neurons in the CNS. These structures play a critical role in regulating neuronal plasticity, particularly during neurodevelopment. Consistent with this role, their presence is associated with functional and structural stability of the neurons they ensheath. A loss of PNNs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been suggested to contribute to cognitive impairment in disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the direct consequences of PNN loss in medial PFC (mPFC) on cognition has not been demonstrated. Here, we examined behavior after disruption of PNNs in mPFC of Long-Evans rats following injection of the enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). Our data show that ChABC-treated animals were impaired on tests of object oddity perception. Performance in the cross-modal object recognition (CMOR) task was not significantly different for ChABC-treated rats, although ChABC-treated rats were not able to perform above chance levels whereas control rats were. ChABC-treated animals were not significantly different from controls on tests of prepulse inhibition (PPI), set-shifting (SS), reversal learning, or tactile and visual object recognition memory. Posthumous immunohistochemistry confirmed significantly reduced PNNs in mPFC due to ChABC treatment. Moreover, PNN density in the mPFC predicted performance on the oddity task, where higher PNN density was associated with better performance. These findings suggest that PNN loss within the mPFC impairs some aspects of object oddity perception and recognition and that PNNs contribute to cognitive function in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Paylor
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3 Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Eszter Wendlandt
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3 Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Tara S. Freeman
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3 Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E Canada
| | - Wendie N. Marks
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E Canada
| | - John G. Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E Canada
| | - Ian R. Winship
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3 Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
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63
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Larsen B, Luna B. Adolescence as a neurobiological critical period for the development of higher-order cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:179-195. [PMID: 30201220 PMCID: PMC6526538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is characterized by improvements in higher-order cognitive abilities and corresponding refinements of the structure and function of the brain regions that support them. Whereas the neurobiological mechanisms that govern early development of sensory systems are well-understood, the mechanisms that drive developmental plasticity of association cortices, such as prefrontal cortex (PFC), during adolescence remain to be explained. In this review, we synthesize neurodevelopmental findings at the cellular, circuit, and systems levels in PFC and evaluate them through the lens of established critical period (CP) mechanisms that guide early sensory development. We find remarkable correspondence between these neurodevelopmental processes and the mechanisms driving CP plasticity, supporting the hypothesis that adolescent development is driven by CP mechanisms that guide the rapid development of neurobiology and cognitive ability during adolescence and their subsequent stability in adulthood. Critically, understanding adolescence as a CP not only provides a mechanism for normative adolescent development, it provides a framework for understanding the role of experience and neurobiology in the emergence of psychopathology that occurs during this developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
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64
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Core Concept: Perineuronal nets gain prominence for their role in learning, memory, and plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9813-9815. [PMID: 30279240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815273115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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65
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Mohan V, Wyatt EV, Gotthard I, Phend KD, Diestel S, Duncan BW, Weinberg RJ, Tripathy A, Maness PF. Neurocan Inhibits Semaphorin 3F Induced Dendritic Spine Remodeling Through NrCAM in Cortical Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:346. [PMID: 30356641 PMCID: PMC6189303 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocan is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan present in perineuronal nets, which are associated with closure of the critical period of synaptic plasticity. During postnatal development of the neocortex dendritic spines on pyramidal neurons are initially overproduced; later they are pruned to achieve an appropriate balance of excitatory to inhibitory synapses. Little is understood about how spine pruning is terminated upon maturation. NrCAM (Neuron-glial related cell adhesion molecule) was found to mediate spine pruning as a subunit of the receptor complex for the repellent ligand Semaphorin 3F (Sema3F). As shown here in the postnatal mouse frontal and visual neocortex, Neurocan was localized at both light and electron microscopic level to the cell surface of cortical pyramidal neurons and was adjacent to neuronal processes and dendritic spines. Sema3F-induced spine elimination was inhibited by Neurocan in cortical neuron cultures. Neurocan also blocked Sema3F-induced morphological retraction in COS-7 cells, which was mediated through NrCAM and other subunits of the Sema3F holoreceptor, Neuropilin-2, and PlexinA3. Cell binding and ELISA assays demonstrated an association of Neurocan with NrCAM. Glycosaminoglycan chain interactions of Neurocan were required for inhibition of Sema3F-induced spine elimination, but the C-terminal sushi domain was dispensable. These results describe a novel mechanism wherein Neurocan inhibits NrCAM/Sema3F-induced spine elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elliott V. Wyatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ingo Gotthard
- Human Metabolomics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristen D. Phend
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Simone Diestel
- Human Metabolomics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bryce W. Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Richard J. Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Patricia F. Maness
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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66
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Steullet P, Cabungcal JH, Bukhari SA, Ardelt MI, Pantazopoulos H, Hamati F, Salt TE, Cuenod M, Do KQ, Berretta S. The thalamic reticular nucleus in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: role of parvalbumin-expressing neuron networks and oxidative stress. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:2057-2065. [PMID: 29180672 PMCID: PMC5972042 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence points to a disruption of cortico-thalamo-cortical circuits in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Clues for a specific involvement of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) come from its unique neuronal characteristics and neural connectivity, allowing it to shape the thalamo-cortical information flow. A direct involvement of the TRN in SZ and BD has not been tested thus far. We used a combination of human postmortem and rodent studies to test the hypothesis that neurons expressing parvalbumin (PV neurons), a main TRN neuronal population, and associated Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-labeled perineuronal nets (WFA/PNNs) are altered in SZ and BD, and that these changes may occur early in the course of the disease as a consequence of oxidative stress. In both disease groups, marked decreases of PV neurons (immunoreactive for PV) and WFA/PNNs were observed in the TRN, with no effects of duration of illness or age at onset. Similarly, in transgenic mice with redox dysregulation, numbers of PV neurons and WFA/PNN+PV neurons were decreased in transgenic compared with wild-type mice; these changes were present at postnatal day (P) 20 for PV neurons and P40 for WFA/PNN+PV neurons, accompanied by alterations of their firing properties. These results show profound abnormalities of PV neurons in the TRN of subjects with SZ and BD, and offer support for the hypothesis that oxidative stress may play a key role in impacting TRN PV neurons at early stages of these disorders. We put forth that these TRN abnormalities may contribute to disruptions of sleep spindles, focused attention and emotion processing in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Syed A. Bukhari
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fadi Hamati
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E. Salt
- The Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michel Cuenod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q. Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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67
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Wang T, Sinha AS, Akita T, Yanagawa Y, Fukuda A. Alterations of GABAergic Neuron-Associated Extracellular Matrix and Synaptic Responses in Gad1-Heterozygous Mice Subjected to Prenatal Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:284. [PMID: 30233323 PMCID: PMC6133952 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to prenatal stress (PS) and mutations in Gad1, which encodes GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 67, are the primary risk factors for psychiatric disorders associated with abnormalities in parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Decreased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins has also been reported in patients with these disorders, raising the possibility that ECM abnormalities may play a role in their pathogenesis. To elucidate pathophysiological changes in ECM induced by the gene–environment interaction, we examined heterozygous GAD67-GFP (Knock-In KI; GAD67+/GFP) mice subjected to PS from embryonic day 15.0 to 17.5. Consistent with our previous study, we confirmed a decrease in the density of PV neurons in the mPFC of postnatal GAD67+/GFP mice with PS, which was concurrent with a decrease in density of PV neurons surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized ECM important for the maturation, synaptic stabilization and plasticity of PV neurons. Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) and its putative mediator fukutin (Fktn) in the ECM around inhibitory synapses has also been suggested to contribute to disease development. We found that both glycosylated α-DG and the mRNA level of Fktn were reduced in GAD67+/GFP mice with PS. None of these changes were detected in GAD67+/GFP naive mice or wild type (GAD67+/+) mice with PS, suggesting that both PS and reduced Gad1 gene expression are prerequisites for these changes. When assessing the function of interneurons in the mPFC of GAD67+/GFP mice with PS through evoked inhibitory post-synaptic currents (eIPSCs) in layer V pyramidal neurons, we found that the threshold stimulus intensity for eIPSC events was reduced and that the eIPSC amplitude was increased without changes in the paired-pulse ratio (PPR). Moreover, the decay rate of eIPSCs was also slowed. In line with eIPSC, spontaneous IPSC (sIPSC) amplitude, frequency and decay tau were altered. Thus, our study suggests that alterations in the ECM mediated by gene-environment interactions might be linked to the enhanced and prolonged GABA action that compensates for the decreased density of PV neurons. This might be one of the causes of the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in the mPFC of psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Adya Saran Sinha
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tenpei Akita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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68
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Hyaluronic acid is present on specific perineuronal nets in the mouse cerebral cortex. Brain Res 2018; 1698:139-150. [PMID: 30099038 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules comprise more than 20% of the volume and are involved in neuronal plasticity, synaptic transmission, and differentiation. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are ECM molecules that highly accumulate around the soma of neurons. The components of the ECM in the CNS include proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. Although hyaluronic acid (HA) is considered a constituent element of PNNs, the distribution of HA in the cortex has not been clarified. To elucidate the cortical region-specific distribution of HA, we quantitatively analyzed HA binding protein (HABP)-positive PNNs in the mature mouse cerebral cortex. Our findings revealed that HABP-positive PNNs are present throughout the mouse cortex. The distribution of many HABP-positive PNNs differed from that of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive PNNs. Furthermore, we observed granular-like HABP-positive PNNs in layer 1 of the cortex. These findings indicate that PNNs in the mouse cortex show region-dependent differences in composition. HABP-positive PNNs in layer 1 of the cortex may have different functions such as neuronal differentiation, proliferation, and migration unlike what has been reported for PNNs so far.
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69
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Topological remodeling of cortical perineuronal nets in focal cerebral ischemia and mild hypoperfusion. Matrix Biol 2018; 74:121-132. [PMID: 30092283 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of perineuronal nets (PNNs) in neural plasticity and neurological disorders, their ultrastructural organization remains largely unresolved. We have developed a novel approach combining superresolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) and mathematical reconstruction that allows for quantitative analysis of PNN topology. Since perineuronal matrix is capable to restrict neural plasticity but at the same time is necessary to maintain synapses, we hypothesized that a beneficial post stroke recovery requires a reversible loosening of PNNs. Our results indicated that focal cerebral ischemia induces partial depletion of PNNs and that mild hypoperfusion not associated with ischemic injury can induce ultra-structural rearrangements in visually intact meshworks. In line with the activation of neural plasticity under mild stress stimuli, we provide evidence that topological conversion of PNNs can support post stroke neural rewiring.
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70
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Wen TH, Binder DK, Ethell IM, Razak KA. The Perineuronal 'Safety' Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:270. [PMID: 30123106 PMCID: PMC6085424 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNN) are extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies that preferentially ensheath parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons. Converging evidence indicates that PV cells and PNN are impaired in a variety of neurological disorders. PNN development and maintenance is necessary for a number of processes within the CNS, including regulation of GABAergic cell function, protection of neurons from oxidative stress, and closure of developmental critical period plasticity windows. Understanding PNN functions may be essential for characterizing the mechanisms of altered cortical excitability observed in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, PNN abnormalities have been observed in post-mortem brain tissues of patients with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. There is impaired development of PNNs and enhanced activity of its key regulator matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in Fragile X Syndrome, a common genetic cause of autism. MMP-9, a protease that cleaves ECM, is differentially regulated in a number of these disorders. Despite this, few studies have addressed the interactions between PNN expression, MMP-9 activity and neuronal excitability. In this review, we highlight the current evidence for PNN abnormalities in CNS disorders associated with altered network function and MMP-9 levels, emphasizing the need for future work targeting PNNs in pathophysiology and therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa H Wen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Devin K Binder
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Psychology Graduate Program, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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71
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Riga D, Kramvis I, Koskinen MK, van Bokhoven P, van der Harst JE, Heistek TS, Jaap Timmerman A, van Nierop P, van der Schors RC, Pieneman AW, de Weger A, van Mourik Y, Schoffelmeer ANM, Mansvelder HD, Meredith RM, Hoogendijk WJG, Smit AB, Spijker S. Hippocampal extracellular matrix alterations contribute to cognitive impairment associated with a chronic depressive-like state in rats. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/421/eaai8753. [PMID: 29263233 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with depression often suffer from cognitive impairments that contribute to disease burden. We used social defeat-induced persistent stress (SDPS) to induce a depressive-like state in rats and then studied long-lasting memory deficits in the absence of acute stressors in these animals. The SDPS rat model showed reduced short-term object location memory and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the dorsal hippocampus. SDPS animals displayed increased expression of synaptic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the dorsal hippocampus. These effects were abrogated by a 3-week treatment with the antidepressant imipramine starting 8 weeks after the last defeat encounter. Next, we observed an increase in the number of perineuronal nets (PNNs) surrounding parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and a decrease in the frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the hippocampal CA1 region in SDPS animals. In vivo breakdown of the hippocampus CA1 extracellular matrix by the enzyme chondroitinase ABC administered intracranially restored the number of PNNs, LTP maintenance, hippocampal inhibitory tone, and memory performance on the object place recognition test. Our data reveal a causal link between increased hippocampal extracellular matrix and the cognitive deficits associated with a chronic depressive-like state in rats exposed to SDPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Riga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Kramvis
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maija K Koskinen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Bokhoven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E van der Harst
- Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Animal Ecology group Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Jaap Timmerman
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel C van der Schors
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Pieneman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk de Weger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvar van Mourik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton N M Schoffelmeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huib D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon M Meredith
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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72
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The Impact of Perineuronal Net Digestion Using Chondroitinase ABC on the Intrinsic Physiology of Cortical Neurons. Neuroscience 2018; 388:23-35. [PMID: 30004010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a form of aggregate Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in the brain. Recent evidence suggests that the postnatal deposition of PNNs may play an active role in regulating neuroplasticity and, potentially, neurological disorders. Observations of high levels of PNN expression around somas, proximal dendrites, and axon initial segments of a subtype of neurons have also led to proposals that PNNs may modulate the intrinsic properties of the neurons they ensheathe. While high levels of PNNs are postnatally expressed throughout the neocortex, it is still unclear how they impact the neuronal physiology of the many classes and subtypes of neurons that exist. In this study, we demonstrate that Chondroitinase ABC digestion of PNNs from acute cortical slices from juvenile mice (P28-35) resulted in neuron-specific impacts on intrinsic physiology. Fast spiking (FS) interneurons showed decreased input resistance, resting membrane potential (RMP), reduced action potential (AP) peaks and altered spontaneous synaptic inputs. Low-Threshold Spiking interneurons showed altered rebound depolarizations and decreased frequency of spontaneous synaptic inputs. Putative excitatory neurons; regular spiking, bursting, and doublet phenotypes did not demonstrate any alterations. Our data indicate that chABC-sensitive PNNs may specifically regulate the intrinsic and synaptic physiology of inhibitory interneurons.
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73
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Abush H, Ghose S, Van Enkevort EA, Clementz BA, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Ivleva EI. Associations between adolescent cannabis use and brain structure in psychosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 276:53-64. [PMID: 29628270 PMCID: PMC5959798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Associations between cannabis use and psychotic disorders suggest that cannabis may be a contributory risk factor in the neurobiology of psychosis. In this study, we examined brain structure characteristics, total and regional gray matter density (GMD), using Voxel Based Morphometry, in psychotic individuals, stratified by history of cannabis use (total n = 109). We also contrasted GMD estimates in individual diagnostic groups (schizophrenia/bipolar I disorder) with and without history of adolescent cannabis use (ACU). Individuals with psychosis as a whole, both with and without history of ACU, had lower total and regional GMD, compared to healthy controls. ACU was associated with attenuated GMD reductions, compared to non-users, especially in the schizophrenia cases, who showed robust GMD reductions in fronto-temporal and parietal cortex, as well as subcortical regions. Notably, total and regional GMD estimates in individuals with psychosis and ACU were not different from controls with no ACU. These data indicate that the history of ACU in psychotic individuals is associated with attenuated GMD abnormalities. Future investigations targeting potential unique etiological and risk factors associated with psychosis in individuals with ACU may help in understanding of the neurobiology of psychotic disorders and novel treatment options for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Abush
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - Subroto Ghose
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | | | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA; Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford CT, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | | | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - Elena I Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA.
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74
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Jeffries CD, Perkins DO, Fournier M, Do KQ, Cuenod M, Khadimallah I, Domenici E, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Seidman LJ, Tsuang M, Walker EF, Woods SW. Networks of blood proteins in the neuroimmunology of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:112. [PMID: 29875399 PMCID: PMC5990539 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of certain circulating cytokines and related immune system molecules are consistently altered in schizophrenia and related disorders. In addition to absolute analyte levels, we sought analytes in correlation networks that could be prognostic. We analyzed baseline blood plasma samples with a Luminex platform from 72 subjects meeting criteria for a psychosis clinical high-risk syndrome; 32 subjects converted to a diagnosis of psychotic disorder within two years while 40 other subjects did not. Another comparison group included 35 unaffected subjects. Assays of 141 analytes passed early quality control. We then used an unweighted co-expression network analysis to identify highly correlated modules in each group. Overall, there was a striking loss of network complexity going from unaffected subjects to nonconverters and thence to converters (applying standard, graph-theoretic metrics). Graph differences were largely driven by proteins regulating tissue remodeling (e.g. blood-brain barrier). In more detail, certain sets of antithetical proteins were highly correlated in unaffected subjects (e.g. SERPINE1 vs MMP9), as expected in homeostasis. However, for particular protein pairs this trend was reversed in converters (e.g. SERPINE1 vs TIMP1, being synthetical inhibitors of remodeling of extracellular matrix and vasculature). Thus, some correlation signals strongly predict impending conversion to a psychotic disorder and directly suggest pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark D Jeffries
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Cuenod
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ines Khadimallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Laboratory of Neurogenomic Biomarkers, Centre for Integrative Biology, and Microsoft Research, Centre for Computational Systems Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF and San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Genomics UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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75
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Ueno H, Fujii K, Suemitsu S, Murakami S, Kitamura N, Wani K, Aoki S, Okamoto M, Ishihara T, Takao K. Expression of aggrecan components in perineuronal nets in the mouse cerebral cortex. IBRO Rep 2018; 4:22-37. [PMID: 30135949 PMCID: PMC6084874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific regions of the cerebral cortex are highly plastic in an organism's lifetime. It is thought that perineuronal nets (PNNs) regulate plasticity, but labeling for Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), which is widely used to detect PNNs, is observed throughout the cortex. The aggrecan molecule-a PNN component-may regulate plasticity, and may also be involved in determining region-specific vulnerability to stress. To clarify cortical region-specific plasticity and vulnerability, we qualitatively analyzed aggrecan-positive and glycosylated aggrecan-positive PNNs in the mature mouse cerebral cortex. Our findings revealed the selective expression of both aggrecan-positive and glycosylated aggrecan-positive PNNs in the cortex. WFA-positive PNNs expressed aggrecan in a region-specific manner in the cortex. Furthermore, we observed variable distributions of PNNs containing WFA- and aggrecan-positive molecules. Together, our findings suggest that PNN components and their function differ depending on the cortical region, and that aggrecan molecules may be involved in determining region-specific plasticity and vulnerability in the cortex.
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Key Words
- Aggrecan
- Au1, primary auditory cortex
- AuD, secondary auditory cortex dorsal area
- AuV, secondary auditory cortex ventral area
- Brain region-specific
- Cg, cingulate cortex
- Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
- DIEnt, dorsintermed entorhinal cortex
- DLEnt, dorsolateral entorhinal cortex
- DLO, dorsolateral orbital cortex
- DP, dorsal peduncular cortex
- Ect, ectorhinal cortex
- Extracellular matrix
- FrA, frontal association cortex
- IL, infralimbic cortex
- LO, lateral orbital cortex
- LPtA, lateral parietal association cortex
- M1, primary motor cortex
- M2, secondary motor cortex
- MPtA, medial parietal association cortex
- PL, prelimbic cortex
- PRh, perirhinal cortex
- Perineuronal nets
- Plasticity
- RSD, retrosplenial dysgranular cortex
- RSGa, retrosplenial granular cortex a region
- RSGb, retrosplenial granular cortex b region
- RSGc, retrosplenial granular cortex c region
- S1BF, primary somatosensory cortex–barrel field
- S1Tr, primary somatosensory cortex–trunk region
- S2, secondary somatosensory cortex
- TeA, temporal association cortex
- V1B, primary visual cortex binocular area
- V1M, primary visual cortex monocular area
- V2L, secondary visual cortex lateral area
- V2ML, secondary visual cortex mediolateral area
- V2MM, secondary visual cortex–mediomedial area
- VO, ventral orbital cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Suemitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shozo Aoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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76
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McDonald AJ, Hamilton PG, Barnstable CJ. Perineuronal nets labeled by monoclonal antibody VC1.1 ensheath interneurons expressing parvalbumin and calbindin in the rat amygdala. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1133-1148. [PMID: 29094304 PMCID: PMC5871560 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized condensations of extracellular matrix that ensheath particular neuronal subpopulations in the brain and spinal cord. PNNs regulate synaptic plasticity, including the encoding of fear memories by the amygdala. The present immunohistochemical investigation studied PNN structure and distribution, as well as the neurochemistry of their ensheathed neurons, in the rat amygdala using monoclonal antibody VC1.1, which recognizes a glucuronic acid 3-sulfate glycan associated with PNNs in the cerebral cortex. VC1.1+ PNNs surrounded the cell bodies and dendrites of a subset of nonpyramidal neurons in cortex-like portions of the amygdala (basolateral amygdalar complex, cortical nuclei, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, and amygdalohippocampal region). There was also significant neuropilar VC1.1 immunoreactivity, whose density varied in different amygdalar nuclei. Cell counts in the basolateral nucleus revealed that virtually all neurons ensheathed by VC1.1+ PNNs were parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, and these VC1.1+/PV+ cells constituted 60% of all PV+ interneurons, including all of the larger PV+ neurons. Approximately 70% of VC1.1+ neurons were calbindin-positive (CB+), and these VC1.1+/CB+ cells constituted about 40% of all CB+ neurons. Colocalization of VC1.1 with Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) binding, which stains terminal N-acetylgalactosamines, revealed that VC1.1+ PNNs were largely a subset of VVA+ PNNs. This investigation provides baseline data regarding PNNs in the rat which should be useful for future studies of their function in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Patricia G Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Colin J Barnstable
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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77
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Hartner JP, Schrader LA. Interaction of Norepinephrine and Glucocorticoids Modulate Inhibition of Principle Cells of Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex in Male Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29643800 PMCID: PMC5883071 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial memory processing requires functional interaction between the hippocampus and the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). The grid cells of the MEC are most abundant in layer II and rely on a complex network of local inhibitory interneurons to generate spatial firing properties. Stress can cause spatial memory deficits in males, but the specific underlying mechanisms affecting the known memory pathways remain unclear. Stress activates both the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to release norepinephrine (NE) and glucocorticoids, respectively. Given that adrenergic receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression is abundant in the MEC, both glucocorticoids and NE released in response to stress may have rapid effects on MEC-LII networks. We used whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology in MEC slice preparations from male mice to test the effects of NE and glucocorticoids on inhibitory synaptic inputs of MEC-LII principal cells. Application of NE (100 μM) increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs) in approximately 75% of the principal cells tested. Unlike NE, bath application of dexamethasone (Dex, 1 μM), a synthetic glucocorticoid, or corticosterone (1 μM) the glucocorticoid in rodents, rapidly decreased the frequency of sIPSCs, but not miniature (mIPSCs) in MEC-LII principal cells. Interestingly, pre-treatment with Dex prior to NE application led to an NE-induced increase in sIPSC frequency in all cells tested. This effect was mediated by the α1-AR, as application of an α1-AR agonist, phenylephrine (PHE) yielded the same results, suggesting that a subset of cells in MEC-LII are unresponsive to α1-AR activation without prior activation of GR. We conclude that activation of GRs primes a subset of principal cells that were previously insensitive to NE to become responsive to α1-AR activation in a transcription-independent manner. These findings demonstrate the ability of stress hormones to markedly alter inhibitory signaling within MEC-LII circuits and suggest the intriguing possibility of modulation of network processing upstream of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah P Hartner
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Laura A Schrader
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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78
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Chelini G, Pantazopoulos H, Durning P, Berretta S. The tetrapartite synapse: a key concept in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 50:60-69. [PMID: 29503098 PMCID: PMC5963512 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence points to synaptic pathology as a core component of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Significant reductions of dendritic spine density and altered expression of their structural and molecular components have been reported in several brain regions, suggesting a deficit of synaptic plasticity. Regulation of synaptic plasticity is a complex process, one that requires not only interactions between pre- and post-synaptic terminals, but also glial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, these elements are referred to as the ‘tetrapartite synapse’, an emerging concept supported by accumulating evidence for a role of glial cells and the extracellular matrix in regulating structural and functional aspects of synaptic plasticity. In particular, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), one of the main components of the ECM, have been shown to be synthesized predominantly by glial cells, to form organized perisynaptic aggregates known as perineuronal nets (PNNs), and to modulate synaptic signaling and plasticity during postnatal development and adulthood. Notably, recent findings from our group and others have shown marked CSPG abnormalities in several brain regions of people with SZ. These abnormalities were found to affect specialized ECM structures, including PNNs, as well as glial cells expressing the corresponding CSPGs. The purpose of this review is to bring forth the hypothesis that synaptic pathology in SZ arises from a disruption of the interactions between elements of the tetrapartite synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Chelini
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478 USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115 USA.
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478 USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115 USA.
| | - Peter Durning
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478 USA.
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478 USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115 USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115 USA.
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79
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Agnati LF, Marcoli M, Maura G, Woods A, Guidolin D. The brain as a "hyper-network": the key role of neural networks as main producers of the integrated brain actions especially via the "broadcasted" neuroconnectomics. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:883-897. [PMID: 29427068 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of brain complex integrative actions should consider beside neural networks, glial, extracellular molecular, and fluid channels networks. The present paper proposes that all these networks are assembled into the brain hyper-network that has as fundamental components, the tetra-partite synapses, formed by neural, glial, and extracellular molecular networks. Furthermore, peri-synaptic astrocytic processes by modulating the perviousness of extracellular fluid channels control the signals impinging on the tetra-partite synapses. It has also been surmised that global signalling via astrocytes networks and highly pervasive signals, such as electromagnetic fields (EMFs), allow the appropriate integration of the various networks especially at crucial nodes level, the tetra-partite synapses. As a matter of fact, it has been shown that astrocytes can form gap-junction-coupled syncytia allowing intercellular communication characterised by a rapid and possibly long-distance transfer of signals. As far as the EMFs are concerned, the concept of broadcasted neuroconnectomics (BNC) has been introduced to describe highly pervasive signals involved in resetting the information handling of brain networks at various miniaturisation levels. In other words, BNC creates, thanks to the EMFs, generated especially by neurons, different assemblages among the various networks forming the brain hyper-network. Thus, it is surmised that neuronal networks are the "core components" of the brain hyper-network that has as special "nodes" the multi-facet tetra-partite synapses. Furthermore, it is suggested that investigations on the functional plasticity of multi-partite synapses in response to BNC can be the background for a new understanding and perhaps a new modelling of brain morpho-functional organisation and integrative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy. .,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research CEBR, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Guido Maura
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amina Woods
- Structural Biology Unit, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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80
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Proteolytic Remodeling of Perineuronal Nets: Effects on Synaptic Plasticity and Neuronal Population Dynamics. Neural Plast 2018. [PMID: 29531525 PMCID: PMC5817213 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5735789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The perineuronal net (PNN) represents a lattice-like structure that is prominently expressed along the soma and proximal dendrites of parvalbumin- (PV-) positive interneurons in varied brain regions including the cortex and hippocampus. It is thus apposed to sites at which PV neurons receive synaptic input. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in PNN integrity may affect glutamatergic input to PV interneurons, a population that is critical for the expression of synchronous neuronal population discharges that occur with gamma oscillations and sharp-wave ripples. The present review is focused on the composition of PNNs, posttranslation modulation of PNN components by sulfation and proteolysis, PNN alterations in disease, and potential effects of PNN remodeling on neuronal plasticity at the single-cell and population level.
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81
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder lacking an effective treatment option for the pervasive and debilitating cognitive impairments experienced by patients. Working memory is a core cognitive function impaired in schizophrenia that depends upon activation of distributed neural network, including the circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Accordingly, individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia show reduced DLPFC activation while performing working-memory tasks. This lower DLPFC activation appears to be an integral part of the disease pathophysiology, and not simply a reflection of poor performance. Thus, the cellular and circuitry alterations that underlie lower DLPFC neuronal activity in schizophrenia must be determined in order to identify appropriate therapeutic targets. Studies using human postmortem brain tissue provide a robust way to investigate and characterize these cellular and circuitry alterations at multiple levels of resolution, and such studies provide essential information that cannot be obtained either through in vivo studies in humans or through experimental animal models. Studies examining neuronal morphology, protein expression and localization, and transcript levels indicate that a microcircuit composed of excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin is altered in the DLPFC of subjects with schizophrenia and likely contributes to DLPFC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R Glausier
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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82
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Age-dependent and region-specific alteration of parvalbumin neurons and perineuronal nets in the mouse cerebral cortex. Neurochem Int 2017; 112:59-70. [PMID: 29126935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive function declines with age. Such function depends on γ-oscillation in the frontal cortex. Pyramidal neurons, and the parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV neurons) that control them, are important for the generation of γ-oscillation. The mechanism by which cognitive function declines is unclear. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) mainly surround the soma and proximal dendrites and axon segments of PV neurons in the cerebral cortex. Previous evidence indicates that PNNs inhibit neural plasticity. If this is true, an increase in the number of neurons surrounded by PNNs or in the thickness or density of the PNNs around neurons could decrease plasticity in the cortex. To determine if an aging-related change in cortical PNNs occurs, we examined the influence of aging on PV neurons and whether Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive PNNs differ depending on the cortical area. The results showed that the number of PV neurons/mm2 did not change in many areas of the cortex as mice aged. In contrast, the number of neurons in the sensory cortex surrounded by PNNs increased as mice aged. Thus, with age, PNN density increases in some cortical areas but not in others. In addition, the expression level of PV protein in PV neurons decreased with aging in the whole cortex. We suggest that decreased expression of PV protein impairs fast spiking in PV neurons. We propose that PNNs surround more neurons as age increases. This aging-related increase in PNNs decreases plasticity in the cerebral cortex and reduces cognitive function. The first step in investigating this proposal would be to determine if PNN density increases with age.
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83
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Cardis R, Cabungcal JH, Dwir D, Do KQ, Steullet P. A lack of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors confers a vulnerability to redox dysregulation: Consequences on parvalbumin interneurons, and their perineuronal nets. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 109:64-75. [PMID: 29024713 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The GluN2A subunit of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) plays a critical role during postnatal brain development as its expression increases while Glun2B expression decreases. Mutations and polymorphisms in GRIN2A gene, coding for GluN2A, are linked to developmental brain disorders such as mental retardation, epilepsy, schizophrenia. Published data suggest that GluN2A is involved in maturation and phenotypic maintenance of parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs), and these interneurons suffer from a deficient glutamatergic neurotransmission via GluN2A-containing NMDARs in schizophrenia. In the present study, we find that although PVIs and their associated perineuronal nets (PNNs) appear normal in anterior cingulate cortex of late adolescent/young adult GRIN2A KO mice, a lack of GluN2A delays PNN maturation. GRIN2A KO mice display a susceptibility to redox dysregulation as sub-threshold oxidative stress and subtle alterations in antioxidant systems are observed in their prefrontal cortex. Consequently, an oxidative insult applied during early postnatal development increases oxidative stress, decreases the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells, and weakens the PNNs in KO but not WT mice. These effects are long-lasting, but preventable by the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. The persisting oxidative stress, deficit in PVIs and PNNs, and reduced local high-frequency neuronal synchrony in anterior cingulate of late adolescent/young adult KO mice, which have been challenged by an early-life oxidative insult, is accompanied with microglia activation. Altogether, these indicate that a lack of GluN2A-containing NMDARs alters the fine control of redox status, leading to a delayed maturation of PNNs, and conferring vulnerability for long-term oxidative stress, microglial activation, and PVI network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Cardis
- Center of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Center of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Center of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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84
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Sun ZY, Bozzelli PL, Caccavano A, Allen M, Balmuth J, Vicini S, Wu JY, Conant K. Disruption of perineuronal nets increases the frequency of sharp wave ripple events. Hippocampus 2017; 28:42-52. [PMID: 28921856 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) represent irregularly occurring synchronous neuronal population events that are observed during phases of rest and slow wave sleep. SWR activity that follows learning involves sequential replay of training-associated neuronal assemblies and is critical for systems level memory consolidation. SWRs are initiated by CA2 or CA3 pyramidal cells (PCs) and require initial excitation of CA1 PCs as well as participation of parvalbumin (PV) expressing fast spiking (FS) inhibitory interneurons. These interneurons are relatively unique in that they represent the major neuronal cell type known to be surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), lattice like structures composed of a hyaluronin backbone that surround the cell soma and proximal dendrites. Though the function of the PNN is not completely understood, previous studies suggest it may serve to localize glutamatergic input to synaptic contacts and thus influence the activity of ensheathed cells. Noting that FS PV interneurons impact the activity of PCs thought to initiate SWRs, and that their activity is critical to ripple expression, we examine the effects of PNN integrity on SWR activity in the hippocampus. Extracellular recordings from the stratum radiatum of horizontal murine hippocampal hemisections demonstrate SWRs that occur spontaneously in CA1. As compared with vehicle, pre-treatment (120 min) of paired hemislices with hyaluronidase, which cleaves the hyaluronin backbone of the PNN, decreases PNN integrity and increases SWR frequency. Pre-treatment with chondroitinase, which cleaves PNN side chains, also increases SWR frequency. Together, these data contribute to an emerging appreciation of extracellular matrix as a regulator of neuronal plasticity and suggest that one function of mature perineuronal nets could be to modulate the frequency of SWR events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yong Sun
- Jilin Women and Children's Health Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - P Lorenzo Bozzelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Adam Caccavano
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Megan Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jason Balmuth
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jian-Young Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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85
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The antipsychotic drugs olanzapine and haloperidol modify network connectivity and spontaneous activity of neural networks in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11609. [PMID: 28912551 PMCID: PMC5599625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired neural synchronization is a hallmark of psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia. It has been proposed that schizophrenia-related cognitive deficits are caused by an unbalance of reciprocal inhibitory and stimulatory signaling. This supposedly leads to decreased power of induced gamma oscillations during the performance of cognitive tasks. In light of this hypothesis an efficient antipsychotic treatment should modify the connectivity and synchronization of local neural circuits. To address this issue, we investigated a model of hippocampal neuronal networks in vitro. Inhibitory and excitatory innervation of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons was quantified using immunocytochemical markers and an automated routine to estimate network connectivity. The first generation (FGA) and second generation (SGA) antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and olanzapine, respectively, differentially modified the density of synaptic inputs. Based on the observed synapse density modifications, we developed a computational model that reliably predicted distinct changes in network activity patterns. The results of computational modeling were confirmed by spontaneous network activity measurements using the multiple electrode array (MEA) technique. When the cultures were treated with olanzapine, overall activity and synchronization were increased, whereas haloperidol had the opposite effect. We conclude that FGAs and SGAs differentially affect the balance between inhibition and excitation in hippocampal networks.
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86
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Ueno H, Suemitsu S, Murakami S, Kitamura N, Wani K, Okamoto M, Aoki S, Ishihara T. Postnatal development of GABAergic interneurons and perineuronal nets in mouse temporal cortex subregions. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 63:27-37. [PMID: 28859888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In human neuropsychiatric disorders, there are functional and anatomical abnormalities of GABAergic interneurons in each temporal cortex subregion. Furthermore, accumulation of amyloid-β is observed in the temporal cortex in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Each subregion of the temporal cortex has an important role in coordinating the input and output of the hippocampus. When subregions of the temporal cortex are impaired, memory and learning ability decrease. GABAergic interneurons control excitatory neurons, forming the cortico-cortical and cortico-hippocampal networks. However, in temporal cortex subregions, details of the distribution and developmental processes of GABAergic interneurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) have not been elucidated. Here we examined the development of GABAergic interneurons and PNNs in mouse temporal cortex subregions. Results indicate that temporal cortex GABAergic interneurons have developmental stages different to those of the primary sensory cortex. In addition, the density of PNNs in the temporal cortex is lower than that in the sensory cortex. Furthermore, we found that the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-reactive extracellular matrix molecule is present in the upper level of layer 1 of the temporal cortex. These results support the idea that mouse temporal cortex subregions develop differently from other cortical regions and have region-specific characteristics after maturation. The present study results suggested that the structure of the temporal cortex is significantly different from the sensory cortex and that temporal cortex may be highly vulnerable to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Suemitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shozo Aoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
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87
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Härtig W, Mages B, Aleithe S, Nitzsche B, Altmann S, Barthel H, Krueger M, Michalski D. Damaged Neocortical Perineuronal Nets Due to Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice, Rats and Sheep. Front Integr Neurosci 2017; 11:15. [PMID: 28860977 PMCID: PMC5559442 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the extracellular matrix (ECM), perineuronal nets (PNs) are polyanionic, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)-rich coatings of certain neurons, known to be affected in various neural diseases. Although these structures are considered as important parts of the neurovascular unit (NVU), their role during evolution of acute ischemic stroke and subsequent tissue damage is poorly understood and only a few preclinical studies analyzed PNs after acute ischemic stroke. By employing three models of experimental focal cerebral ischemia, this study was focused on histopathological alterations of PNs and concomitant vascular, glial and neuronal changes according to the NVU concept. We analyzed brain tissues obtained 1 day after ischemia onset from: (a) mice after filament-based permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO); (b) rats subjected to thromboembolic MACO; and (c) sheep at 14 days after electrosurgically induced focal cerebral ischemia. Multiple fluorescence labeling was applied to explore simultaneous alterations of NVU and ECM. Serial mouse sections labeled with the net marker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) displayed largely decomposed and nearly erased PNs in infarcted neocortical areas that were demarcated by up-regulated immunoreactivity for vascular collagen IV (Coll IV). Subsequent semi-quantitative analyses in mice confirmed significantly decreased WFA-staining along the ischemic border zone and a relative decrease in the directly ischemia-affected neocortex. Triple fluorescence labeling throughout the three animal models revealed up-regulated Coll IV and decomposed PNs accompanied by activated astroglia and altered immunoreactivity for parvalbumin, a calcium-binding protein in fast-firing GABAergic neurons which are predominantly surrounded by neocortical PNs. Furthermore, ischemic neocortical areas in rodents simultaneously displayed less intense staining of WFA, aggrecan, the net components neurocan, versican and the cartilage link protein (CRTL) as well as markers in net-bearing neurons such as the potassium channel subunit Kv3.1b and neuronal nuclei (NeuN). In summary, theconsistent observations based on three different stroke models confirmed that PNs are highly sensitive constituents of the NVU along with impaired associated GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that PNs could be promising targets of future stroke treatment, and further studies should address their reorganization and plasticity in both stabilizing the acute stroke as well as supportive effects during the chronic phase of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Härtig
- Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Bianca Mages
- Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Aleithe
- Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Björn Nitzsche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Altmann
- Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
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88
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Casting a Wide Net: Role of Perineuronal Nets in Neural Plasticity. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11459-11468. [PMID: 27911749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2351-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are unique extracellular matrix structures that wrap around certain neurons in the CNS during development and control plasticity in the adult CNS. They appear to contribute to a wide range of diseases/disorders of the brain, are involved in recovery from spinal cord injury, and are altered during aging, learning and memory, and after exposure to drugs of abuse. Here the focus is on how a major component of PNNs, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, control plasticity, and on the role of PNNs in memory in normal aging, in a tauopathy model of Alzheimer's disease, and in drug addiction. Also discussed is how altered extracellular matrix/PNN formation during development may produce synaptic pathology associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of how PNNs are altered in normal physiology and disease will offer insights into new treatment approaches for these diseases.
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89
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Region-specific impairments in parvalbumin interneurons in social isolation-reared mice. Neuroscience 2017; 359:196-208. [PMID: 28723388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many neuropsychiatric disorders show localized dysfunction in specific cortical regions. The mechanisms underlying such region-specific vulnerabilities are unknown. Post-mortem analyses have demonstrated a selective reduction in the expression of parvalbumin (PV) in GABAergic interneurons in the frontal rather than the sensory cortex of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and bipolar disorders. PV neurons are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), and are protected from oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that the characteristics of PNNs are brain region-specific. Therefore, we hypothesized that PV neurons and PNNs may be targeted in region-specific lesions in the brain. Oxidative stress was induced in mice by rearing them in socially isolated conditions. We systemically examined the distribution of PV neurons and PNNs in the brains of these mice as well as a control group. Our results show that the regions frequently affected in neuropsychiatric disorders show significantly lower PV expression and a lower percentage of PV neurons surrounded by PNNs in the brains of socially isolated mice. These results indicate that PV neurons and PNNs exhibit region-specific vulnerabilities. Our findings may be useful for elucidating the mechanisms underlying region-specific disruption of the brain in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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90
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Abstract
Lattice-like structures known as perineuronal nets (PNNs) are key components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Once fully crystallized by adulthood, they are largely stable throughout life. Contrary to previous reports that PNNs inhibit processes involving plasticity, here we report that the dynamic regulation of PNN expression in the adult auditory cortex is vital for fear learning and consolidation in response to pure tones. Specifically, after first confirming the necessity of auditory cortical activity for fear learning and consolidation, we observed that mRNA levels of key proteoglycan components of PNNs were enhanced 4 hr after fear conditioning but were no longer different from the control groups 24 hr later. A similar pattern of regulation was observed in numbers of cells surrounded by PNNs and area occupied by them in the auditory cortex. Finally, the removal of auditory cortex PNNs resulted in a deficit in fear learning and consolidation.
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91
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Jansen S, Gottschling C, Faissner A, Manahan-Vaughan D. Intrinsic cellular and molecular properties of in vivo hippocampal synaptic plasticity are altered in the absence of key synaptic matrix molecules. Hippocampus 2017; 27:920-933. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Jansen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty; Ruhr University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Christine Gottschling
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology; Ruhr University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology; Ruhr University Bochum; Bochum Germany
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92
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Ueno H, Suemitsu S, Okamoto M, Matsumoto Y, Ishihara T. Sensory experience-dependent formation of perineuronal nets and expression of Cat-315 immunoreactive components in the mouse somatosensory cortex. Neuroscience 2017; 355:161-174. [PMID: 28495333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are structures of extracellular matrix molecules surrounding the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of certain neurons. While PNNs are present throughout the mouse cerebral cortex, recent studies have shown that the components differ among cortical sub-regions and layers, suggesting region-specific functions. Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV neurons) may be important regulators of cortical plasticity during the early "critical period" that is sensitive to sensory input. Here we examined the distribution and developmental functions of PNN components associated with PV neurons in the somatosensory cortex during the critical period. Aggrecan, brevican, neurocan, phosphacan, and tenascin-R were identified as PNN components in the mouse somatosensory cortex. High-magnification analysis revealed that some lectin Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)-reactive molecules did not co-localize with monoclonal antibody Cat-315 recognition molecules around the cell body. During postnatal development, Cat-315-positive (Cat-315+) PNNs appeared later than PNNs binding to the lectin WFA (WFA+ PNNs). These WFA+ PNNs changed from granular-like to reticular-like structures during normal cortical development, while this transition was delayed by sensory deprivation. This study indicates that the formation of reticular-like WFA+ PNNs is dependent on sensory experience in the mouse somatosensory cortex. We suggest that Cat-315+ molecules and WFA expression in PNNs are involved in the early critical period of input-dependent cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki College of Allied Health Professions, Okayama 701-0194, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Suemitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
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93
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Early Social Isolation Stress and Perinatal NMDA Receptor Antagonist Treatment Induce Changes in the Structure and Neurochemistry of Inhibitory Neurons of the Adult Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0034-17. [PMID: 28466069 PMCID: PMC5411163 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0034-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to aversive experiences during early life influences brain development and leads to altered behavior. Moreover, the combination of these experiences with subtle alterations in neurodevelopment may contribute to the emergence of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Recent hypotheses suggest that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission, especially in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, may underlie their etiopathology. In order to understand better the neurobiological bases of these alterations, we studied the impact of altered neurodevelopment and chronic early-life stress on these two brain regions. Transgenic mice displaying fluorescent excitatory and inhibitory neurons, received a single injection of MK801 (NMDAR antagonist) or vehicle solution at postnatal day 7 and/or were socially isolated from the age of weaning until adulthood (3 months old). We found that anxiety-related behavior, brain volume, neuronal structure, and the expression of molecules related to plasticity and E/I neurotransmission in adult mice were importantly affected by early-life stress. Interestingly, many of these effects were potentiated when the stress paradigm was applied to mice perinatally injected with MK801 ("double-hit" model). These results clearly show the impact of early-life stress on the adult brain, especially on the structure and plasticity of inhibitory networks, and highlight the double-hit model as a valuable tool to study the contribution of early-life stress in the emergence of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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94
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Genetic Otx2 mis-localization delays critical period plasticity across brain regions. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:680-688. [PMID: 28194008 PMCID: PMC5400722 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of non-cell autonomous Otx2 homeoprotein in postnatal mouse visual cortex (V1) has been implicated in both the onset and closure of critical period (CP) plasticity. Here, we show that a genetic point mutation in the glycosaminoglycan recognition motif of Otx2 broadly delays the maturation of pivotal parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons not only in V1 but also in the primary auditory (A1) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Consequently, not only visual, but also auditory plasticity is delayed, including the experience-dependent expansion of tonotopic maps in A1 and the acquisition of acoustic preferences in mPFC, which mitigates anxious behavior. In addition, Otx2 mis-localization leads to dynamic turnover of selected perineuronal net (PNN) components well beyond the normal CP in V1 and mPFC. These findings reveal widespread actions of Otx2 signaling in the postnatal cortex controlling the maturational trajectory across modalities. Disrupted PV+ network function and deficits in PNN integrity are implicated in a variety of psychiatric illnesses, suggesting a potential global role for Otx2 function in establishing mental health.
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95
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Morikawa S, Ikegaya Y, Narita M, Tamura H. Activation of perineuronal net-expressing excitatory neurons during associative memory encoding and retrieval. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46024. [PMID: 28378772 PMCID: PMC5380958 DOI: 10.1038/srep46024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix structures, are thought to be expressed around inhibitory neurons and contribute to critical periods of brain function and synaptic plasticity. However, in some specific brain regions such as the amygdala, PNNs were predominantly expressed around excitatory neurons. These neurons were recruited during auditory fear conditioning and memory retrieval. Indeed, the activation of PNN-expressing excitatory neurons predicted cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Morikawa
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.,Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Tamura
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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96
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Mueller TM, Yates SD, Haroutunian V, Meador-Woodruff JH. Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:66-73. [PMID: 27773385 PMCID: PMC5376218 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. We also found decreased expression of FUT8 in schizophrenia. Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA,Corresponding author: Toni M. Mueller, PhD, CIRC 593A, 1719 6th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA, Tel: +1 205 996 6164, Fax: + 1 205 975 4879,
| | - Stefani D. Yates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - James H. Meador-Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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97
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Kawata M, Morikawa S, Shiosaka S, Tamura H. Ablation of neuropsin-neuregulin 1 signaling imbalances ErbB4 inhibitory networks and disrupts hippocampal gamma oscillation. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1052. [PMID: 28267150 PMCID: PMC5416666 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons are pivotal for the processing of information in healthy brain, whereas the coordination of these functions is seriously disrupted in diseased brain. How these interneurons in the hippocampus participate in pathological functions remains unclear. We previously reported that neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-ErbB4 signaling, which is actuated by neuropsin, is important for coordinating brain plasticity. Neuropsin cleaves mature NRG1 (bound to extracellular glycosaminoglycans) in response to long-term potentiation or depression, liberating a soluble ligand that activates its receptor, ErbB4. Here, we show in mice that kainate-induced status epilepticus transiently elevates the proteolytic activity of neuropsin and stimulates cFos expression with a time course suggesting that activation of ErbB4- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons follows the excitation and subsequent silencing of pyramidal neurons. In neuropsin-deficient mice, kainate administration impaired signaling and disrupted the neuronal excitation-inhibition balance (E/I balance) in hippocampal networks, by decreasing the activity of parvalbumin-positive interneurons while increasing that of pyramidal neurons, resulting in the progression of status epilepticus. Slow, but not fast, gamma oscillations in neuropsin-deficient mice showed reduced power. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the soluble NRG1 ligand moiety restored the E/I balance, status epilepticus and gamma oscillations to normal levels. These results suggest that the neuropsin-NRG1 signaling system has a role in pathological processes underlying temporal lobe epilepsy by regulating the activity of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, and that neuropsin regulates E/I balance and gamma oscillations through NRG1-ErbB4 signaling toward parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. This neuronal system may be a useful target of pharmacological therapies against cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawata
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan,Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Morikawa
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan,Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Shiosaka
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan
| | - H Tamura
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan,Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan. E-mail:
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98
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Glausier JR, Lewis DA. GABA and schizophrenia: Where we stand and where we need to go. Schizophr Res 2017; 181:2-3. [PMID: 28179064 PMCID: PMC5365350 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill R Glausier
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower W1654, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower W1654, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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99
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Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Sulfation of Glycosaminoglycans and Its Implications in Human Health and Disorders. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:1-26. [PMID: 28226217 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfation is a dynamic and complex posttranslational modification process. It can occur at various positions within the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) backbone and modulates extracellular signals such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions; different sulfation patterns have been identified for the same organs and cells during their development. Because of their high specificity in relation to function, GAG sulfation patterns are referred to as the sulfation code. This review explores the role of GAG sulfation in different biological processes at the cell, tissue, and organism levels. We address the connection between the sulfation patterns of GAGs and several physiological processes and discuss the misregulation of GAG sulfation and its involvement in several genetic and metabolic disorders. Finally, we present the therapeutic potential of GAGs and their synthetic mimics in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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100
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Su J, Cole J, Fox MA. Loss of Interneuron-Derived Collagen XIX Leads to a Reduction in Perineuronal Nets in the Mammalian Telencephalon. ASN Neuro 2017; 9:1759091416689020. [PMID: 28090790 PMCID: PMC5298462 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416689020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are lattice-like supramolecular assemblies of extracellular glycoproteins that surround subsets of neuronal cell bodies in the mammalian telencephalon. PNNs emerge at the end of the critical period of brain development, limit neuronal plasticity in the adult brain, and are lost in a variety of complex brain disorders diseases, including schizophrenia. The link between PNNs and schizophrenia led us to question whether neuronally expressed extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules associated with schizophrenia contribute to the assembly of these specialized supramolecular ECM assemblies. We focused on collagen XIX-a minor, nonfibrillar collagen expressed by subsets of telencephalic interneurons. Genetic alterations in the region encoding collagen XIX have been associated with familial schizophrenia, and loss of this collagen in mice results in altered inhibitory synapses, seizures, and the acquisition of schizophrenia-related behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that loss of collagen XIX also results in a reduction of telencephalic PNNs. Loss of PNNs was accompanied with reduced levels of aggrecan (Acan), a major component of PNNs. Despite reduced levels of PNN constituents in collagen XIX-deficient mice ( col19a1-/-), we failed to detect reduced expression of genes encoding these ECM molecules. Instead, we discovered a widespread upregulation of extracellular proteases capable of cleaving Acan and other PNN constituents in col19a1-/- brains. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism by which the loss of collagen XIX speeds PNN degradation and they identify a novel mechanism by which the loss of collagen XIX may contribute to complex brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Su
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - James Cole
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Michael A. Fox
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
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