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Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process: Controlling Parameters and Strategies of Mitigation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic waste generation, collection, and management have become a crucial problem in modern and developing societies. Among the technologies proposed in a circular economy and sustainability framework, composting has reached a strong relevance in terms of clean technology that permits reintroducing organic matter to the systems. However, composting has also negative environmental impacts, some of them of social concern. This is the case of composting atmospheric emissions, especially in the case of greenhouse gases (GHG) and certain families of volatile organic compounds (VOC). They should be taken into account in any environmental assessment of composting as organic waste management technology. This review presents the relationship between composting operation and composting gaseous emissions, in addition to typical emission values for the main organic wastes that are being composted. Some novel mitigation technologies to reduce gaseous emissions from composting are also presented (use of biochar), although it is evident that a unique solution does not exist, given the variability of exhaust gases from composting.
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Stephan E, Groffman P, Vidon P, Stella JC, Endreny T. Interacting drivers and their tradeoffs for predicting denitrification potential across a strong urban to rural gradient within heterogeneous landscapes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:113021. [PMID: 34139648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification is a significant regulator of nitrogen pollution in diverse landscapes but is difficult to quantify. We examined relationships between denitrification potential and soil and landscape properties to develop a model that predicts denitrification potential at a landscape level. Denitrification potential, ancillary soil variables, and physical landscape attributes were measured at study sites within urban, suburban, and forested environments in the Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore, Maryland in a series of studies between 1998 and 2014. Data from these studies were used to develop a statistical model for denitrification potential using a subset of the samples (N = 188). The remaining measurements (N = 150) were used to validate the model. Soil moisture, soil respiration, and total soil nitrogen were the best predictors of denitrification potential (R2adj = 0.35), and the model was validated by regressing observed vs. predicted values. Our results suggest that soil denitrification potential can be modeled successfully using these three parameters, and that this model performs well across a variety of natural and developed land uses. This model provides a framework for predicting nitrogen dynamics in varying land use contexts. We also outline approaches to develop appropriate landscape-scale proxies for the key model inputs, including soil moisture, respiration, and soil nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stephan
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Peter Groffman
- CUNY Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10031, USA; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA.
| | - Philippe Vidon
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - John C Stella
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Theodore Endreny
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Li H, Meng J, Liu Z, Lan Y, Yang X, Huang Y, He T, Chen W. Effects of biochar on N 2O emission in denitrification pathway from paddy soil: A drying incubation study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147591. [PMID: 33991921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
N2O emission from paddy soil is a potential environmental risk, especially when the soil moisture content of paddy soil changes and excessive nitrogen retention occurs. Biochar is known to have a positive effect on reducing N2O emissions. However, the influence of different types of biochar on N2O emission with varying soil moisture contents is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar made from different feedstocks and at different pyrolysis temperatures on the release of N2O during drying process of paddy soil. An incubation experiment with four kinds of biochar (rice straw and rice husk biochar pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 700 °C, respectively) applied at 1% (w/w) was conducted on paddy soil with the same initial moisture content (105% water-filled pore space). The emission rate of N2O, concentrations of ammonium and nitrate, and the abundance of N2O related microbial functional genes (narG and nosZ) were monitored throughout the incubation period. Biochar amendments reduced cumulative N2O emissions by 56.8-90.1% compared to the control. Low-temperature rice straw biochar decreased nosZ gene abundance, downregulated the denitrification pathway, and reduced nitrogen loss and N2O emission. The low-temperature pyrolysis rice husk biochar and the control showed similar trends in narG and nosZ gene abundance and N2O emission. The high-temperature pyrolysis of rice straw and rice husk biochar showed opposite trends in narG gene abundance, but both increased nosZ gene abundance at the later incubation period. Different feedback on denitrification-derived N2O emission in biochar application was revealed in this study by establishing a link between biotic and abiotic factors, showing that caution should be exercised when considering the use of biochar to mitigate N2O emission under drying soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jun Meng
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Zunqi Liu
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yu Lan
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xu Yang
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yuwei Huang
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Tianyi He
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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54
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Wang X, Bai J, Xie T, Wang W, Zhang G, Yin S, Wang D. Effects of biological nitrification inhibitors on nitrogen use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112338. [PMID: 34015632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To maintain and increase crop yields, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers have been applied to farmland. However, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of chemical fertilizer remains very low, which may lead to serious environmental problems, including nitrate pollution, air quality degradation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nitrification inhibitors can alleviate nitrogen loss by inhibiting nitrification; thus, biological nitrification inhibition by plants has gradually attracted increasing attention due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. Research progress on BNI is reviewed in this article, including the source, mechanisms, influencing factors and application of BNIs. In addition, the impact of BNI on agriculture and GHG emissions is summarized from the perspective of agricultural production and environmental protection, and the key future research prospects of BNIs are also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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56
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Dawar K, Fahad S, Jahangir MMR, Munir I, Alam SS, Khan SA, Mian IA, Datta R, Saud S, Banout J, Adnan M, Ahmad MN, Khan A, Dewil R, Habib-ur-Rahman M, Ansari MJ, Danish S. Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH 3 and N 2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17413. [PMID: 34465833 PMCID: PMC8408238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha-1), BC (10 Mg ha-1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton-1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadim Dawar
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Department of Soil and Environmental Science (SES), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- grid.467118.d0000 0004 4660 5283Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620 Pakistan ,grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 Hainan China
| | - M. M. R. Jahangir
- grid.411511.10000 0001 2179 3896Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Munir
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sartaj Alam
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Department of Plant Protection, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmad Mian
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Department of Soil and Environmental Science (SES), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK Pakistan
| | - Rahul Datta
- grid.7112.50000000122191520Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shah Saud
- grid.412243.20000 0004 1760 1136Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China ,grid.15866.3c0000 0001 2238 631XFaculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Banout
- grid.15866.3c0000 0001 2238 631XFaculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- grid.502337.00000 0004 4657 4747Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Ahmad
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Khan
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Department of Soil and Environmental Science (SES), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK Pakistan
| | - Raf Dewil
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resources Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- grid.411529.a0000 0001 0374 9998Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, 244001 India
| | - Subhan Danish
- grid.7112.50000000122191520Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.411501.00000 0001 0228 333XDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800 Pakistan
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57
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Short-Term Assessment of Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions on a Crop Yield Basis in Response to Different Organic Amendment Types in Sichuan Basin. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12091104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture’s goal to meet the needs of the increasing world population while reducing the environmental impacts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer use without compromising output has proven to be a challenge. Manure and composts have displayed the potential to increase soil fertility. However, their potential effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions have not been properly understood. Using field-scaled lysimeter experiments, we conducted a one-year study to investigate N2O and CH4 emissions, their combined global warming potential (GWP: N2O + CH4) and yield-scaled GWP in a wheat-maize system. One control and six different organic fertilizer treatments receiving different types but equal amounts of N fertilization were used: synthetic N fertilizer (NPK), 30% pig manure + 70% synthetic N fertilizer (PM30), 50% pig manure + 50% synthetic N fertilizer (PM50), 70% pig manure + 30% synthetic N fertilizer (PM70), 100% pig manure (PM100), 50% cow manure-crop residue compost + 50% synthetic N fertilizer (CMRC), and 50% pig manure-crop residue compost + 50% synthetic N fertilizer (PMRC). Seasonal cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.39 kg N ha−1 for the PMRC treatment to 0.93 kg N ha−1 for the NPK treatment. Similar CH4 uptakes were recorded across all treatments, with values ranging from −0.68 kg C ha−1 for the PM50 treatment to −0.52 kg C ha−1 for the PM30 treatment. Compared to the NPK treatment, all the organic-amended treatments significantly decreased N2O emission by 32–58% and GWP by 30–61%. However, among the manure-amended treatments, only treatments that consisted of inorganic N with lower or equal proportions of organic manure N treatments were found to reduce N2O emissions while maintaining crop yields at high levels. Moreover, of all the organic-amended treatments, PMRC had the lowest yield-scaled GWP, owing to its ability to significantly reduce N2O emissions while maintaining high crop yields, highlighting it as the most suitable organic fertilization treatment in Sichuan basin wheat-maize systems.
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58
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Feyissa A, Yang F, Wu J, Chen Q, Zhang D, Cheng X. Soil nitrogen dynamics at a regional scale along a precipitation gradient in secondary grassland of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146736. [PMID: 33812122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The availability of soil inorganic nitrogen (N) is primarily regulated by the rates of soil N transformation, including mineralization, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, and are sensitive to climate, plant, and soil factors. However, the interactive effects among these factors regulating soil N transformation rates in ecosystems across large spatial scales remain unclear. Here, we investigated the spatial patterns of the potential N mineralization, nitrification, ammonification, and denitrification rates in relation to plant traits and soil edaphic conditions across a 600-km precipitation gradient in secondary grasslands of South China. The soil potential N mineralization and nitrification rates significantly increased with increasing precipitation. However, the soil potential N ammonification and denitrification rates did not significantly vary with precipitation. Moreover, the soil potential N nitrification and denitrification rates significantly increased with increasing soil pH, whereas the potential N mineralization and ammonification rates decreased with increasing soil pH. The soil potential N mineralization rate was positively correlated with soil labile N but negatively correlated with soil recalcitrant C and N contents. Our results revealed that changes in soil NH4+-N and pH along precipitation gradients primarily controlled the potential N mineralization, nitrification, and ammonification rates. In contrast, soil NO3--N, soil pH, and plant N inputs predominantly regulated the potential N denitrification rate. Overall, our results reveal that soil N transformation varies along the precipitation gradient, and these results need to be considered when studying the effects of climate change on N cycling in grassland ecosystems across diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Feyissa
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Junjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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59
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Tang S, Ma Q, Luo J, Xie Y, Hashmi MLUR, Pan W, Zheng N, Liu M, Wu L. The inhibition effect of tea polyphenols on soil nitrification is greater than denitrification in tea garden soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146328. [PMID: 33714837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols are the most widely distributed class of secondary metabolites (Camellia sinensis) and account for a considerable proportion of the pruning residues of tea. A large amount of tea polyphenols have fallen down over soil with prunning residues every year. However, the effect of tea polyphenols on soil nitrogen cycle, especially the denitrification process and its related microbial communities, remains unclear. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant component of tea polyphenols, was selected to simulate the effects of tea polyphenols on soil nitrification, denitrification, related functional genes and microbial community. The results indicated that addition of EGCG can significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit soil nitrification. Copy numbers of bacterial and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase genes (amoA) decreased as EGCG concentration increased. Further, the ammonia oxidisers exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) greater niche differentiation under the effect of EGCG compared with the control treatment (no EGCG addition). However, the inhibition effect of EGCG over soil denitrification was most significant at 34 and 36 day of incubation period, and such inhibitory effect was more apparent on nitrification compared with denitrification. EGCG addition increased the diversity of bacterial community. The composition of bacterial community was significantly altered and community variation was primary explained by EGCG, NH4+-N, NO3--N, soil organic carbon contents and potential denitrification rates. EGCG addition significantly increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla whereas decreased Actinobacteria. Overall, tea polyphenols can inhibit soil nitrification to a larger extent than denitrification by reducing the abundance of microorganisms carrying the related functional genes. Our results can serve as important basis of reducing the nitrogen pollution risk in tea orchards and could be considered as a powerful natural nitrification inhibitor to reduce the environmental risks caused by unreasonable nitrogen fertiliser adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinan Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Laeeq Ur Rehman Hashmi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wankun Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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60
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Sun Z, Li J, Fan Y, Meng J, Deng K. Efficiency and mechanism of nitrogen removal from piggery wastewater in an improved microaerobic process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:144925. [PMID: 33610988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by high ammonium (NH4+ - N) and low ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total nitrogen (COD/TN), discharge of piggery wastewater has been identified as a primary pollution source resulting in water eutrophication. An improved microaerobic reactor, internal aerating microaerobic reactor (IAMR), was constructed to treat manure-free piggery wastewater without effluent recycle at dissolved oxygen of 0.3 mg/L and 32 °C. A removal rate of COD, NH4+ - N and TN averaged 77.9%, 94.6% and 82.6% was obtained in the reactor, with the concentration of 258.5, 235.5 and 335.2 mg/L in influent, respectively. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, carbon and nitrogen mass balance and stoichiometry indicated that heterotrophic nitrification-anammox was the dominant approach to nitrogen removal. Microbiome phenotypes showed that aerobic bacteria were the dominant microorganisms, and the microbiome oxidative stress tolerance was intensified along with the continuous operation of the IAMR, resulting in the survival of various facultative and anaerobic bacteria for nutrients removal. With the good nutrients removal, less energy consumption, and high tolerance to influent fluctuation, the improved IAMR was confirmed as a promising process for treating wastewater with high NH4+ - N and low COD/TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenju Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yiyang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Kaiwen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
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61
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Shi Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Xu Z, He C, Sheng L, Liu H, Wang Z. Shift in nitrogen transformation in peatland soil by nitrogen inputs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142924. [PMID: 33127151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inputs of nitrogen (N) to peatlands in the form of fertilizers have rapidly increased due to the intensification of agricultural systems, impacting ecological processes, and the carbon storage function of peatland. However, detailed information on the impacts of long-term N inputs on the individual steps of N transformation processes in peatland soils still needs to be fully understood. We investigated N mineralization and nitrification rates as well as nitrite dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo), anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in a peatland affected by N inputs for >50 years, using isotope tracing technique and quantitative PCR. Based on the results, N inputs increased N mineralization and nitrification rates by 77 and 43%, respectively. Notably, the contributions of n-damo and anammox to N2 production were enhanced by 242 and 170%, accounting for 30 and 12%, respectively. The contributions of denitrification and DNRA to N2 production decreased by 27 and 52%, accounting for 48 and 10% of N2 production, respectively. Nitrifier abundance increased significantly, with AOA being the dominant prokaryote (from 696 to 1090 copies g-1), but AOB responded more strongly to N inputs (from 5 to 68 copies g-1). The N inputs also promoted the growth of n-damo and anammox bacteria, whose abundances increased by 3.7% (from 565 to 586 copies g-1) and 85.7% (from 305 to 567 copies g-1), respectively, while denitrifier abundance was significantly reduced, with nirK and nirS abundances decreasing by 58% (from 738 to 308 copies g-1) and 50% (from 218 to 109 copies g-1), respectively. Soil pH was the key environmental factor influencing N transformations. We show that n-damo plays important roles in N cycling in peatland subjected to N inputs, providing a scientific basis for improved peatland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chunguang He
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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The Dynamic Response of Nitrogen Transformation to the Dissolved Oxygen Variations in the Simulated Biofilm Reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073633. [PMID: 33807451 PMCID: PMC8038029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lab-scale simulated biofilm reactors, including aerated reactors disturbed by short-term aeration interruption (AE-D) and non-aerated reactors disturbed by short-term aeration (AN-D), were established to study the stable-state (SS) formation and recovery after disturbance for nitrogen transformation in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), removal efficiency (RE) of NH4+-N and NO3−-N and activity of key nitrogen-cycle functional genes amoA and nirS (RNA level abundance, per ball). SS formation and recovery of DO were completed in 0.56–7.75 h after transition between aeration (Ae) and aeration stop (As). In terms of pollutant REs, new temporary SS formation required 30.7–52.3 h after Ae and As interruptions, and seven-day Ae/As interruptions required 5.0% to 115.5% longer recovery times compared to one-day interruptions in AE-D and AN-D systems. According to amoA activity, 60.8 h were required in AE-D systems to establish new temporary SS after As interruptions, and RNA amoA copies (copy number/microliter) decreased 88.5%, while 287.2 h were required in AN-D systems, and RNA amoA copies (copy number/microliter) increased 36.4 times. For nirS activity, 75.2–85.8 h were required to establish new SSs after Ae and As interruptions. The results suggested that new temporary SS formation and recovery in terms of DO, pollutant REs and amoA and nirS gene activities could be modelled by logistic functions. It is concluded that temporary SS formation and recovery after Ae and As interruptions occurred at asynchronous rates in terms of DO, pollutant REs and amoA and nirS gene activities. Because of DO fluctuations, the quantitative relationship between gene activity and pollutant RE remains a challenge.
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Pérez-Castillo AG, Arrieta-Méndez J, Elizondo-Salazar JA, Monge-Muñoz M, Zaman M, Sanz-Cobena A. Using the Nitrification Inhibitor Nitrapyrin in Dairy Farm Effluents Does Not Improve Yield-Scaled Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Emissions but Reduces Methane Flux. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.620846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of dairy farm effluents (DFE) without previous treatment in paddocks was intensified due to the approval of this practice in Costa Rican legislation since 2012. Applying DFE instead of synthetic N fertilizer in grasslands is an opportunity to reach a circular economy; however, this practice increases the risk of emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3), which contribute to global warming. A field experiment was carried out using a permanent grassland (90% Star grass and 10% Kikuyo grass) to simultaneously assess the effect of nitrapyrin on yield-scaled emissions of NH3, CH4, and N2O. The experiment lasted for 5 months in 2017, based on a randomized complete block design, including three treatments of control (CK) without N application, surface application of DFE with nitrapyrin (SNI), and without nitrapyrin (S). Total N applied was 149 ± 12 kg N ha−1 for both S and SNI treatments split into five applications. CH4 emissions from S, SNI, and CK showed a high temporal variation. Daily fluxes of CH4 from SNI were significantly lower than those of S in August (P < 0.05). Cumulative emissions of CH4, the majority produced in the soil, ranged from 4 to 168 g ha−1 for S, and from −13 to 88 g ha−1 for SNI. The ratio between the N2O cumulative emissions and the N applied as DFE were 1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.7 ± 0.2% for S and SNI, respectively. NH3 volatilization potential was very low (i.e., 0.6 ± 0.2% of the N applied). Under the prevailing experimental conditions, no significant difference between yield-scaled NH3 and N2O emissions were found between S and SNI, suggesting that nitrapyrin may not be a viable mitigation option for gaseous N losses from DFE application in Costa Rican grasslands in rainy season.
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64
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Rathnayaka SC, Mankad NP. Coordination chemistry of the Cu Z site in nitrous oxide reductase and its synthetic mimics. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 429:213718. [PMID: 33692589 PMCID: PMC7939133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) has garnered significant attention recently due to its dual roles as an ozone depletion agent and a potent greenhouse gas. Anthropogenic N2O emissions occur primarily through agricultural disruption of nitrogen homeostasis causing N2O to build up in the atmosphere. The enzyme responsible for N2O fixation within the geochemical nitrogen cycle is nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR), which catalyzes 2H+/2e- reduction of N2O to N2 and H2O at a tetranuclear active site, CuZ. In this review, the coordination chemistry of CuZ is reviewed. Recent advances in the understanding of biological CuZ coordination chemistry is discussed, as are significant breakthroughs in synthetic modeling of CuZ that have emerged in recent years. The latter topic includes both structurally faithful, synthetic [Cu4(µ4-S)] clusters that are able to reduce N2O, as well as dicopper motifs that shed light on reaction pathways available to the critical CuI-CuIV cluster edge of CuZ. Collectively, these advances in metalloenzyme studies and synthetic model systems provide meaningful knowledge about the physiologically relevant coordination chemistry of CuZ but also open new questions that will pose challenges in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C. Rathnayaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, United States
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65
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Timilsina A, Dong W, Luo J, Lindsey S, Wang Y, Hu C. Nitrogen isotopic signatures and fluxes of N 2O in response to land-use change on naturally occurring saline-alkaline soil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21253. [PMID: 33277591 PMCID: PMC7718238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of natural grassland to semi-natural or artificial ecosystems is a large-scale land-use change (LUC) commonly occurring to saline–alkaline land. Conversion of natural to artificial ecosystems, with addition of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer, influences N availability in the soil that may result in higher N2O emission along with depletion of 15N, while converting from natural to semi-natural the influence may be small. So, this study assesses the impact of LUC on N2O emission and 15N in N2O emitted from naturally occurring saline–alkaline soil when changing from natural grassland (Phragmites australis) to semi-natural [Tamarix chinensis (Tamarix)] and to cropland (Gossypium spp.). The grassland and Tamarix ecosystems were not subject to any management practice, while the cropland received fertilizer and irrigation. Overall, median N2O flux was significantly different among the ecosystems with the highest from the cropland (25.3 N2O-N µg m−2 h−1), intermediate (8.2 N2O-N µg m−2 h−1) from the Tamarix and the lowest (4.0 N2O-N µg m−2 h−1) from the grassland ecosystem. The 15N isotopic signatures in N2O emitted from the soil were also significantly affected by the LUC with more depleted from cropland (− 25.3 ‰) and less depleted from grassland (− 0.18 ‰). Our results suggested that the conversion of native saline–alkaline grassland with low N to Tamarix or cropland is likely to result in increased soil N2O emission and also contributes significantly to the depletion of the 15N in atmospheric N2O, and the contribution of anthropogenic N addition was found more significant than any other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbindra Timilsina
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Jiafa Luo
- Land and Environment, AgResearch, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Stuart Lindsey
- Land and Environment, AgResearch, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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66
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Rivas A, Singh R, Horne DJ, Roygard J, Matthews A, Hedley MJ. Contrasting subsurface denitrification characteristics under temperate pasture lands and its implications for nutrient management in agricultural catchments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 272:111067. [PMID: 32736232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface denitrification plays a key role in the reduction or 'attenuation' of nitrate contamination of groundwater and surface waters. We investigated subsurface denitrification characteristics in the vadose zone and shallow groundwater at four sites under pastoral farming in the Manawatū River catchment, located in the lower part of North Island, New Zealand. The denitrification potential of the vadose zone was determined by the laboratory incubation assays measuring the denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) in soil samples collected from different soil horizons (up to 2.1 m below ground surface), whereas denitrification rates in shallow groundwaters were measured in situ by single-well, push-pull tests conducted in piezometers installed at multiple depths at the study sites. Soils and underlying geology, defining hydrogeologic settings, appear to influence the spatial variability of subsurface denitrification characteristics at the study sites. Where the vadose zone is thin and composed of coarse-textured soils, percolation of nitrate was evident in observed high nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (>5 mg L-1) in oxic and young shallow groundwaters, but low nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (<0.05 mg L-1) were observed in the reduced shallow groundwater found underneath the fine textured soils and/or a thick vadose zone. This was confirmed by the push-pull tests measuring denitrification rates from 0.08 to 1.07 mg N L-1 h-1 in the reduced shallow groundwaters (dissolved oxygen or DO < 0.5 mg L-1), while negligible in the oxic groundwaters (DO > 5 mg L-1) found at the study sites. These contrasting subsurface denitrification characteristics determine the ultimate delivery of nitrate losses from agricultural soils to receiving waters, where the fine textured thick vadose zone and reducing groundwater conditions offer nitrate reduction in the subsurface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldrin Rivas
- Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Private Bag 3062, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ranvir Singh
- Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - David J Horne
- Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Roygard
- Horizons Regional Council, Private Bag 11 025, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Abby Matthews
- Horizons Regional Council, Private Bag 11 025, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Hedley
- Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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67
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Edaphic factors and plants influence denitrification in soils from a long-term arable experiment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16053. [PMID: 32994429 PMCID: PMC7524710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors influencing production of greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen (N2) in arable soils include high nitrate, moisture and plants; we investigate how differences in the soil microbiome due to antecedent soil treatment additionally influence denitrification. Microbial communities, denitrification gene abundance and gas production in soils from tilled arable plots with contrasting fertilizer inputs (no N, mineral N, FYM) and regenerated woodland in the long-term Broadbalk field experiment were investigated. Soil was transferred to pots, kept bare or planted with wheat and after 6 weeks, transferred to sealed chambers with or without K15NO3 fertilizer for 4 days; N2O and N2 were measured daily. Concentrations of N2O were higher when fertilizer was added, lower in the presence of plants, whilst N2 increased over time and with plants. Prior soil treatment but not exposure to N-fertiliser or plants during the experiment influenced denitrification gene (nirK, nirS, nosZI, nosZII) relative abundance. Under our experimental conditions, denitrification generated mostly N2; N2O was around 2% of total gaseous N2 + N2O. Prior long-term soil management influenced the soil microbiome and abundance of denitrification genes. The production of N2O was driven by nitrate availability and N2 generation increased in the presence of plants.
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68
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Okiobe ST, Rillig MC, Mola M, Augustin J, Parolly G, Veresoglou SD. Arbuscular mycorrhiza has little influence on N2O potential emissions compared to plant diversity in experimental plant communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5685959. [PMID: 31868885 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrification is an ecosystem process linked to ongoing climate change, because it releases nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere. To date, the literature covers mostly how aboveground (i.e. plant community structure) and belowground (i.e. plant-associated soil microbes) biota separately influence denitrification in isolation of each other. We here present a mesocosm experiment where we combine a manipulation of belowground biota (i.e. addition of Rhizophagus irregularis propagules to the indigenous mycorrhizal community) with a realized gradient in plant diversity. We used a seed mix containing plant species representative of mesophytic European grasslands and by stochastic differences in species establishment across the sixteen replicates per treatment level a spontaneously established gradient in plant diversity. We address mycorrhizal-induced and plant-diversity mediated changes on denitrification potential parameters and how these differ from the existing literature that studies them independently of each other. We show that unlike denitrification potential, N2O potential emissions do not change with mycorrhiza and depend instead on realized plant diversity. By linking mycorrhizal ecology to an N-cycling process, we present a comprehensive assessment of terrestrial denitrification dynamics when diverse plants co-occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Okiobe
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magkdi Mola
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Augustin
- Research Area 1 "Landscape Functioning", Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Parolly
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stavros D Veresoglou
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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69
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Carreira C, Nunes RF, Mestre O, Moura I, Pauleta SR. The effect of pH on Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus denitrification pathway and nitrous oxide reductase. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:927-940. [PMID: 32851479 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric concentration of N2O has been a concern, as it is a potent greenhouse gas and promotes ozone layer destruction. In the N-cycle, release of N2O is boosted upon a drop of pH in the environment. Here, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus was grown in batch mode in the presence of nitrate, to study the effect of pH in the denitrification pathway by gene expression profiling, quantification of nitrate and nitrite, and evaluating the ability of whole cells to reduce NO and N2O. At pH 6.5, accumulation of nitrite in the medium occurs and the cells were unable to reduce N2O. In addition, the biochemical properties of N2O reductase isolated from cells grown at pH 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 were compared for the first time. The amount of this enzyme at acidic pH was lower than that at pH 7.5 and 8.5, pinpointing to a post-transcriptional regulation, though pH did not affect gene expression of N2O reductase accessory genes. N2O reductase isolated from cells grown at pH 6.5 has its catalytic center mainly as CuZ(4Cu1S), while that from cells grown at pH 7.5 or 8.5 has it as CuZ(4Cu2S). This study evidences that an in vivo secondary level of regulation is required to maintain N2O reductase in an active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Carreira
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Biological Chemistry Lab, LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rute F Nunes
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Olga Mestre
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- Biological Chemistry Lab, LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sofia R Pauleta
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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70
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Hu J, Liao X, Vardanyan LG, Huang Y, Inglett KS, Wright AL, Reddy KR. Duration and frequency of drainage and flooding events interactively affect soil biogeochemistry and N flux in subtropical peat soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138740. [PMID: 32498193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the demand for restoration and future prediction of climate change effects, subtropical peatlands are expected to be subjected to hydrologic regimes with variable duration and frequency of drained and flooded conditions, but knowledge of their interactive effects on soil biogeochemistry and emission of greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide (N2O) is largely limited. The objective of this study was to investigate how the duration and frequency of drainage and flooding events interactively influence soil biogeochemical properties and denitrification and related net N2O production rates following rewetting. Surface soils are susceptible to different hydrologic regimes. Significantly higher pH, extractable organic carbon (ext. OC), ammonium (NH4+-N), denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), but lower nitrate (NO3--N), microbial biomass C and N were observed when the peat soils were under flooded conditions compared to drained conditions. Two-week and four-week drainage or flooding duration did not result in statistically significant differences in soil biogeochemical properties. A 24-week prolonged drainage led to an accumulation of NO3--N and a significantly lower pH. Soil microbial biomass and fungal:bacterial abundance likely increased with the frequency of drainage-flooding cycles. Significant differences in denitrification and net N2O production rates following reflooding were mainly found in the surface soils. Structural equation modeling indicated that hydroperiod and water-filled pore space (WFPS) prior to reflooding is likely to control denitrification and net N2O production through its regulation of NO3--N and activity of microorganisms involved in denitrification while higher drainage-flooding frequency decreases the availability of organic C and NO3--N for denitrification. Our results also suggest high NO3--N and low pH within peat soils caused by prolonged drainage likely leads to a significant N2O emission pulse following reflooding. For peat soils subjected to frequent drainage-flooding cycles, N2O emission pulses following reflooding would decrease with time, attributing to the loss of substrates for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Soil and Water Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Xiaolin Liao
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lilit G Vardanyan
- Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Soil and Water Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Kanika S Inglett
- Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Soil and Water Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan L Wright
- Indian River Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - K R Reddy
- Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Soil and Water Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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71
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Effect of rice straw and swine manure biochar on N 2O emission from paddy soil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10843. [PMID: 32616844 PMCID: PMC7331641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of rice straw biochar (RSBC) and swine manure biochar (SMBC) on N2O emission from paddy soil. The biochars were added to soil at the rates of 1% and 5% (w/w), and N2O emission, soil properties and soil enzyme activities were determined at the elongation, heading and maturation stages of rice growth. The N2O flux started within 2 h of adding the biochar, and decreased significantly thereafter during the three growth stages. The cumulative N2O emission was suppressed by 45.14–73.96% following biochar application, and 5% SMBC resulted in the lowest cumulative emission. In addition, biochar application significantly increased soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), NO3− levels and urease activity, and decreased soil NH4+ and nitrate reductase activity. Regression analysis indicated that cumulative N2O emission was correlated positively to NH4+, and negatively to soil pH, SOC and NO3−. SEM further revealed that biochar application weakened the denitrification process, and the NH4+ level had the most significant impact on N2O emission. Taken together, RSBC and SMBC regulated the nitrogen cycle in paddy soil and mitigated N2O emission by increasing soil pH, decreasing nitrate reductase activity and NH4+ content.
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72
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Araujo PI, Piñeiro-Guerra JM, Yahdjian L, Acreche MM, Alvarez C, Alvarez CR, Costantini A, Chalco Vera J, De Tellería J, Della Chiesa T, Lewczuk NA, Petrasek M, Piccinetti C, Picone L, Portela SI, Posse G, Seijo M, Videla C, Piñeiro G. Drivers of N2O Emissions from Natural Forests and Grasslands Differ in Space and Time. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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73
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Rahman MM, Nahar K, Ali MM, Sultana N, Karim MM, Adhikari UK, Rauf M, Azad MAK. Effect of Long-Term Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers Application on the Microbial Community Specifically Anammox and Denitrifying Bacteria in Rice Field Soil of Jhenaidah and Kushtia District, Bangladesh. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:828-833. [PMID: 32385520 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term pesticides and chemical fertilizers application on the microbial communities specifically anammox and denitrification bacteria in rice field soils. The abundances of microbial communities (16S rDNA), anammox (hszB), and denitrification (narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) genes were quantified by q-PCR. 10 pesticides (5 insecticides, 3 fungicides and 2 herbicides) and chemical fertilizers urea, potassium, phosphate, DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), gypsum, and boric acid were used by local farmers. Nitrate, SOC (ammonia, soil organic carbon), N and C content significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the rice field soils as compared to the upland soils. Abundance of 16S rDNA, hszB, narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the rice field soils and positively correlated with chemical properties of soils. Our results provide useful information and further maintenance should be instilled to the potential of chemical and biological factors decreased in rice field soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh.
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Meraj Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Minnatul Karim
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Utpal Kumar Adhikari
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, KP, Pakistan
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
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Corrochano-Monsalve M, Huérfano X, Menéndez S, Torralbo F, Fuertes-Mendizábal T, Estavillo JM, González-Murua C. Relationship between tillage management and DMPSA nitrification inhibitor efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:134748. [PMID: 31848057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural sustainability is compromised by nitrogen (N) losses caused by soil microbial activity. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) produced as consequence of nitrification and denitrification processes in soils. Nitrification inhibitors (NI) as 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-succinic acid (DMPSA) are useful tools to reduce these N losses from fertilization. The objective of this work was to test the efficiency of DMPSA in two different tillage management systems, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), in a winter wheat crop under Humid Mediterranean conditions. N fertilizer was applied as ammonium sulphate (AS) with or without DMPSA in a single or split application, including an unfertilized treatment. GHG fluxes (N2O, CO2 and CH4) were measured by the closed chamber method. amoA and nosZI genes were quantified by qPCR as indicators of nitrifying and denitrifying populations. Nitrification was inhibited by DMPSA in both CT and NT, while the higher water filled pore space (WFPS) in NT promoted a better efficiency of DMPSA in this system. This higher efficiency might be due to a greater N2O reduction to N2 as result of the nosZI gene induction. Consequently, DMPSA was able to reduce N2O emissions down to the unfertilized levels in NT. Provided that NT reduced CO2 emissions and maintained crop yield compared to CT, the application DMPSA under NT management is a promising strategy to increase agro-systems sustainability under Humid Mediterranean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Corrochano-Monsalve
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain.
| | - Ximena Huérfano
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Sergio Menéndez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain; Eurochem Agro Iberia S.L. C/ Tánger 98-Esc B, 8° planta, Barcelona 08018, Spain
| | - Fernando Torralbo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain; Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Teresa Fuertes-Mendizábal
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - José-María Estavillo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
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75
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He W, Dutta B, Grant BB, Chantigny MH, Hunt D, Bittman S, Tenuta M, Worth D, VanderZaag A, Desjardins RL, Smith WN. Assessing the effects of manure application rate and timing on nitrous oxide emissions from managed grasslands under contrasting climate in Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:135374. [PMID: 31839316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is uncertain whether process-based models are currently capable of simulating the complex soil, plant, climate, manure management interactions that influence soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from perennial cropping systems. The objectives of this study were (1) to calibrate and evaluate the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model using multi-year datasets of measured nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, soil moisture, soil inorganic nitrogen, biomass and soil temperature from managed grasslands applied with manure slurry in contrasting climates of Canada, and (2) to simulate the impact of different manure management practices on N2O emissions including slurry application i) rates (for both single vs. split); and ii) timing (e.g., early vs. late spring). DNDC showed "fair" to "excellent" performance in simulating biomass (4.7% ≤ normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) ≤ 29.8%; -9.5% ≤ normalized average relative error (NARE) ≤ 16.1%) and "good" performance in simulating soil temperature (13.2% ≤ NRMSE ≤ 18.1%; -0.7% ≤ NARE ≤ 10.8%) across all treatments and sites. However, the model only showed "acceptable" performances in estimating soil water and inorganic N contents which was partially attributed to the limitation of a cascade water sub-model and inaccuracies in simulating root development/uptake. Although, the DNDC model only demonstrated "fair" performance in simulating daily N2O fluxes, it generally captured the impact of the timing and rate of slurry application and soil texture (loam vs. sandy loam) on total N2O emissions. The DNDC model simulated N2O emissions from spring better than split manure application (fall and spring) at the Manitoba site partially due to the overestimation of available substrates for microbial denitrification from fall application during the wet spring periods. Although DNDC performed adequately for simulating most of the manure management impacts considered in this study we recommend improvements in the simulation of soil freeze-thaw cycles, manure decomposition dynamics, soil water storage, rainfall canopy interception, and microbial denitrification and nitrification activities in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian He
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - B Dutta
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - B B Grant
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - M H Chantigny
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Blvd., Sainte-Foy, Québec G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - D Hunt
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia V0M 1A0, Canada
| | - S Bittman
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia V0M 1A0, Canada
| | - M Tenuta
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - D Worth
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - A VanderZaag
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - R L Desjardins
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - W N Smith
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
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76
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Nair D, Baral KR, Abalos D, Strobel BW, Petersen SO. Nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions from maize after grass-clover on a coarse sandy soil: Mitigation potentials of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110165. [PMID: 32090850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cropping of maize (Zea mays L.) on sandy soil in wet climates involves a significant risk for nitrogen (N) losses, since nitrate added in fertilizers or produced from residues and manure may be lost outside the period with active crop N uptake. This one-year lysimeter experiment investigated the potential of Vizura®, a formulation for liquid manure (slurry) with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3-) leaching from a coarse sandy soil cropped with maize. Maize followed grass-clover (Lolium perenne L.-Trifolium pratense L.) with spring incorporation and was fertilised with cattle slurry. A total of 12 treatments in triplicate were included in a factorial experiment with 1 m2 large and 1.4 m deep lysimeters: 1) with or without spraying the above-ground biomass of grass-clover with DMPP before incorporation; 2) application of cattle manure with or without DMPP, or no fertilization; and 3) natural rainfall or extra rain events to represent wet spring conditions, which were simulated with an automated and programmable irrigation system. Around 20 kg N ha-1 was returned to the soil in grass-clover above-ground biomass, and 145 kg N ha-1 in cattle manure. Cumulative annual N2O emissions ranged from 0.4 to 1.3 kg N ha-1, with between 49 and 86% of emissions occurring during spring. Manure application increased N2O emissions, while extra rainfall had no effect. The mitigation of N2O emissions by DMPP ranged from 46 to 67% under natural, and from 44 to 48% under high rainfall conditions. Total annual NO3- leaching ranged from 65 to 162 kg N ha-1. The extent of NO3- leaching to 1.4 m depth during spring was low, and instead most (72-83%) of total annual NO3--N leaching was recorded during autumn before harvest. The extra rainfall during spring increased NO3--N leaching in the pre-harvest period, but it is not clear to what extent this was associated with the N in grass-clover residues or manure applied in spring, or from N mineralisation below the root zone. Despite evidence for a reduction of NO3- leaching in three of four scenarios, overall this effect was not significant. No DMPP was detected in leachates. In conclusion, DMPP significantly reduced N2O emissions from cattle manure on this sandy loam soil independent of rainfall, while there was no significant effect on NO3- leaching. The results indicate that N2O emissions and NO3--N leaching were partly derived from below-ground sources of N not affected by DMPP, which should be further investigated to better predict the mitigation potential of nitrification inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishya Nair
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
| | | | - Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Strobel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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77
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Han M, Zhu B. Changes in soil greenhouse gas fluxes by land use change from primary forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2656-2667. [PMID: 31930624 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary forest conversion is a worldwide serious problem associated with human disturbance and climate change. Land use change from primary forest to plantation, grassland or agricultural land may lead to profound alteration in the emission of soil greenhouse gases (GHG). Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis concerning the effects of primary forest conversion on soil GHG emissions and explored the potential mechanisms from 101 studies. Our results showed that conversion of primary forest significantly decreased soil CO2 efflux and increased soil CH4 efflux, but had no effect on soil N2 O efflux. However, the effect of primary forest conversion on soil GHG emissions was not consistent across different types of land use change. For example, soil CO2 efflux did not respond to the conversion from primary forest to grassland. Soil N2 O efflux showed a prominent increase within the initial stage after conversion of primary forest and then decreased over time while the responses of soil CO2 and CH4 effluxes were consistently negative or positive across different elapsed time intervals. Moreover, either within or across all types of primary forest conversion, the response of soil CO2 efflux was mainly moderated by changes in soil microbial biomass carbon and root biomass while the responses of soil N2 O and CH4 effluxes were related to the changes in soil nitrate and soil aeration-related factors (soil water content and bulk density), respectively. Collectively, our findings highlight the significant effects of primary forest conversion on soil GHG emissions, enhance our knowledge on the potential mechanisms driving these effects and improve future models of soil GHG emissions after land use change from primary forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengguang Han
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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78
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Keuschnig C, Gorfer M, Li G, Mania D, Frostegård Å, Bakken L, Larose C. NO and N 2 O transformations of diverse fungi in hypoxia: evidence for anaerobic respiration only in Fusarium strains. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2182-2195. [PMID: 32157782 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungal denitrification is claimed to produce non-negligible amounts of N2 O in soils, but few tested species have shown significant activity. We hypothesized that denitrifying fungi would be found among those with assimilatory nitrate reductase, and tested 20 such batch cultures for their respiratory metabolism, including two positive controls, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium lichenicola, throughout the transition from oxic to anoxic conditions in media supplemented with NO 2 - . Enzymatic reduction of NO 2 - (NIR) and NO (NOR) was assessed by correcting measured NO- and N2 O-kinetics for abiotic NO- and N2 O-production (sterile controls). Significant anaerobic respiration was only confirmed for the positive controls and for two of three Fusarium solani cultures. The NO kinetics in six cultures showed NIR but not NOR activity, observed through the accumulation of NO. Others had NOR but not NIR activity, thus reducing abiotically produced NO to N2 O. The presence of candidate genes (nirK and p450nor) was confirmed in the positive controls, but not in some of the NO or N2 O accumulating cultures. Based on our results, we conclude that only the Fusarium cultures were able to sustain anaerobic respiration and produced low amounts of N2 O as a response to an abiotic NO production from the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keuschnig
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Markus Gorfer
- Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Guofen Li
- Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Daniel Mania
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Åsa Frostegård
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Lars Bakken
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
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79
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Li L, Zheng Z, Wang W, Biederman JA, Xu X, Ran Q, Qian R, Xu C, Zhang B, Wang F, Zhou S, Cui L, Che R, Hao Y, Cui X, Xu Z, Wang Y. Terrestrial N 2 O emissions and related functional genes under climate change: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:931-943. [PMID: 31554024 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions from soil contribute to global warming and are in turn substantially affected by climate change. However, climate change impacts on N2 O production across terrestrial ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here, we synthesized 46 published studies of N2 O fluxes and relevant soil functional genes (SFGs, that is, archaeal amoA, bacterial amoA, nosZ, narG, nirK and nirS) to assess their responses to increased temperature, increased or decreased precipitation amounts, and prolonged drought (no change in total precipitation but increase in precipitation intervals) in terrestrial ecosystem (i.e. grasslands, forests, shrublands, tundra and croplands). Across the data set, temperature increased N2 O emissions by 33%. However, the effects were highly variable across biomes, with strongest temperature responses in shrublands, variable responses in forests and negative responses in tundra. The warming methods employed also influenced the effects of temperature on N2 O emissions (most effectively induced by open-top chambers). Whole-day or whole-year warming treatment significantly enhanced N2 O emissions, but daytime, nighttime or short-season warming did not have significant effects. Regardless of biome, treatment method and season, increased precipitation promoted N2 O emission by an average of 55%, while decreased precipitation suppressed N2 O emission by 31%, predominantly driven by changes in soil moisture. The effect size of precipitation changes on nirS and nosZ showed a U-shape relationship with soil moisture; further insight into biotic mechanisms underlying N2 O emission response to climate change remain limited by data availability, underlying a need for studies that report SFG. Our findings indicate that climate change substantially affects N2 O emission and highlights the urgent need to incorporate this strong feedback into most climate models for convincing projection of future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Wang
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Joel A Biederman
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qinwei Ran
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyan Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Shutong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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80
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Suter H, Lam SK, Walker C, Chen D. Enhanced efficiency fertilisers reduce nitrous oxide emissions and improve fertiliser 15N recovery in a Southern Australian pasture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134147. [PMID: 31629314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of reducing nitrogen (N) rates or using enhanced efficiency fertilisers (EEFs) (i.e. urease and nitrification inhibitors, and controlled release fertilisers) on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are not well understood in temperate, rainfed pastures. A field experiment on rainfed ryegrass pasture in southern Australia examined the effect of granular urea N rate (0, 250 and 420 kg N ha-1 over 6 months) and EEF use (at 250 kg N ha-1 with NBPT, DMPP, or polymer coating (PCU)) on N2O emissions, NUE and fertiliser N recovery (using 15N techniques). Cumulative net-N2O emissions increased with N rate from 308 g N2O-N ha-1 (250 kg N ha-1) to 514 g N2O-N ha-1 (420 kg N ha-1). Using EEFs reduced N2O emissions by 22% (NBPT), 44% (DMPP) and 56% (PCU) compared to urea. The emission factor (EF) (kg net N2O-N per kg N applied) was 0.12 for both N rates (250 and 420 kg N ha-1) but reduced with the EEFs to 0.10 (NBPT) and 0.07 (DMPP and PCU) compared to urea. EEF use had no significant impact on biomass or apparent NUE but led to a greater recovery of N in the soil after one month (44.8% (DMPP) and 45.9% (NBPT) compared to urea (33.7%)). Within one month 42% of the N applied as urea (U50) was lost from the plant-soil system, which was reduced with DMPP (32% loss) and NBPT (33% loss). After six months, 52% (U50) to 59% (U84) of the urea N applied was lost. The positive effect of the EEFs on N2O emissions, and the increased recovery of N in the soil-plant system with the EEFs over one month indicates they could provide longer term benefits though soil N storage, and could be applied at lower N rates to achieve NUE benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Suter
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Shu Kee Lam
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Charlie Walker
- Incitec Pivot Fertilisers, Seabreeze Parade, North Shore, Victoria 3214, Australia
| | - Deli Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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81
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Li YH, Li HB, Yang L, Wang S, Su F, Xu XY. How does high C load affect nitrous oxide emission of subsurface wastewater infiltration system? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134174. [PMID: 31499346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWISs) have drawn much attention due to the lower operating costs, lower energy demands and absence of secondary pollutants requiring further treatment. The process of denitrification involves reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen gas (N2). Though removal of nitrate is advantageous from a water quality perspective, N2O may contribute to adverse environmental effects. This study evaluated N2O emission at high C loading regimes. The results revealed that as the C load increased, N2O emission increased first and then decreased, indicating that carbon source was a limiting factor for the release of N2O from the denitrification process. Denitrification was the dominant process for the release of N2O at any of the given C loads. When the influent carbon load was in the range of 220-460 mg/L, the contribution of denitrification to N2O emissions came to 69.77-83.11% (feeding period) and 67.07-79.53% (rest period), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Su
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Yang Xu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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82
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Zhao C, Liu S, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Cui L, Huang X, Macreadie PI. Nitrogen purification potential limited by nitrite reduction process in coastal eutrophic wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133702. [PMID: 31386948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands accumulate enormous quantities of nitrogen due to their position at the interface between land and sea and high trapping capacity. Fortunately, they have high nitrogen (N) purifying (removal) capacity, which means that they likely play an important role in mitigating against coastal eutrophication. However studies that empirically measure the degree to which wetlands purify nitrogen and their removal pathways (e.g. denitrification, anammox, plant uptake, microbial immobilization, etc.) are rare. In this study, the N purification potential (denitrification and anammox) and enzyme activities related to denitrification in different subtropical wetlands types were conducted in nitrogen-enriched wetlands of Daya Bay, Southern China. We found the average N purification rate was 11.4 μmol N·kg-1·h-1, with denitrification accounting for 84.2%-100% of the total N2 production in the wetlands of Daya Bay. The N purification potential in the wet season, subtidal areas and mangrove forests were generally observed to be higher than that in the dry season, high and low tidal areas, barren and estuary habitats, respectively. Correspondingly, these differences were mainly driven by the temperature, Eh and NH4-N, respectively. Additionally, the nitrate reductase (Nar) and nitrite reductase (Nir) activities tended to be similar among different seasons and tidal areas, however, Nir activity in mangrove forest was 1.5-fold and 2-fold of the estuarine and barren areas, respectively. Meanwhile, Nir showed a positive correlation with denitrification rate. These results indicate that NO2-N reduction, the key control mechanism for N purification, should be the rate-limiting step of the denitrification process in Daya Bay wetlands. Notably, mangroves could improve N removal rates by 48.0% compared to other wetlands. Therefore, protecting and restoring mangrove ecosystems could be an effective way to reduce the risk of coastal eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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83
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Deng K, Tang L, Li J, Meng J, Li J. Practicing anammox in a novel hybrid anaerobic-aerobic baffled reactor for treating high-strength ammonium piggery wastewater with low COD/TN ratio. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122193. [PMID: 31610495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel hybrid anaerobic-aerobic baffled reactor (HAOBR) with four compartments was constructed to treat manure-free piggery wastewater with an average COD/TN ratio as low as 0.98, without any supplement of external carbon source. Inoculated with aerobic activated sludge and operated at hydraulic retention time 36 h, 32 °C and reflux ratio 2.0, the reactor could perform steadily within 24 days. The removal of COD, NH4+-N and TN within the 21-days steady phase averaged 87.0%, 100% and 91.3%, respectively. Analysis of stoichiometry and results of high-throughput pyrosequencing revealed that the excellent nitrogen removal in the HAOBR was achieved by the cooperation of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification with anammox as the dominant approach. Compared with the previously developed microaerobic treatment processes and the recently reported modified A/O process, the HAOBR was more cost-efficient in treating manure-free piggery wastewater because of the less energy consumption, rapid startup process and efficient nutrients removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Lianggang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jiuling Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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84
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Nakase C, Zurita F, Nani G, Reyes G, Fernández-Lambert G, Cabrera-Hernández A, Sandoval L. Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater and the Development of Tropical Ornamental Plants in Partially Saturated Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234800. [PMID: 31795408 PMCID: PMC6926636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vertical partially saturated (VPS) constructed wetlands (CWs) are a novel wastewater treatment system for which little information is known about its design parameters and performance under tropical climates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nitrogen removal process from domestic wastewater and the production of tropical ornamental plants (Canna hybrids and Zantedeschia aethiopica) in VPS CWs at a mesocosms scale. Nine VPS CWs, with a free-flow zone of 16 cm and a saturated zone of 16 cm, were used as experimental units. Three units were planted with Canna hybrids., and three, with Zantedeschia aethiopica (one plant per unit); the remaining three units were established as controls without vegetation. They were fed with domestic wastewater intermittently and evaluated for the elimination of COD, N-NH4, N-NO3, Norg, NT, and PT. The results showed an increase in the removal for some pollutants in the vegetated systems, i.e., N-NH4 (35%), Norg (16%), TN (25%), and TP (47%) in comparison to the unvegetated systems. While N-NO3 removal showed better removal in 10% of the systems without vegetation, no significant differences were found (p > 0.05) for COD removal. The aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the VPS CWs favor the elimination of pollutants in the systems, and also the development of the tropical species evaluated in this study; good development was exhibited by a high growth rate and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Nakase
- Division of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Innovation, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
| | - Florentina Zurita
- Quality Environmental Laboratory, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco C.P. 47820, Mexico
| | - Graciela Nani
- Department of Engineering in Business Management, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Reyes
- Master of Engineering in Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de San Andrés Tuxtla, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz C.P. 95804 Mexico
| | - Gregorio Fernández-Lambert
- Division of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Innovation, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cabrera-Hernández
- Division of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Innovation, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
| | - Luis Sandoval
- Division of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Innovation, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
- Master of Engineering in Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de San Andrés Tuxtla, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz C.P. 95804 Mexico
- Correspondence:
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85
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Qie F, Zhu J, Rong J, Zong B. Biological removal of nitrogen oxides by microalgae, a promising strategy from nitrogen oxides to protein production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:122037. [PMID: 31474540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the components of fossil flue gases that give rise to serious environmental and health hazards. Among the available techniques for NOx removal, microalgae-based biological removal of NOx (BioDeNOx) is a promising and competent technology with eco-friendly path of low energy and low-cost solution for the pollution. In this review article, current biological technologies including bacteria-based and microalgae-related BioDeNOx are discussed. Comparing to direct BioDeNOx approach, indirect BioDeNOx by microalgae is more promising since it is more stable, reliable and efficient. By transforming inorganic nitrogen nutrients to organic nitrogen, microalgae can potentially play an important role in converting NOx into high-value added products. The microalgae-based BioDeNOx process displays an attractive prospect for flue gas treatment to reduce environmental NOx pollution and potentially supply protein products, establishing an efficient circular-economy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Qie
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Junying Zhu
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Junfeng Rong
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Baoning Zong
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, PR China
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86
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Community structures and comparison of nosZ and 16S rRNA genes from culturable denitrifying bacteria. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:497-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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87
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Congio GFS, Chiavegato MB, Batalha CDA, Oliveira PPA, Maxwell TMR, Gregorini P, Da Silva SC. Strategic grazing management and nitrous oxide fluxes from pasture soils in tropical dairy systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:493-500. [PMID: 31055205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases emissions are considered one of the most important environmental issues of dairy farming systems. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has particular importance owing to its global warming potential and stratospheric ozone depletion. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of two rotational grazing strategies characterized by two pre-grazing targets (95% and maximum canopy light interception; LI95% and LIMax, respectively) on milk production efficiency and N2O fluxes from soil in a tropical dairy farming system based on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Cameroon). Results indicated that LI95% pre-grazing target provided more frequent defoliations than LIMax. Water-filled pore space, soil and chamber temperatures were affected by sampling periods (P1 and P2). There was a significant pre-grazing target treatment × sampling period interaction effect on soil NH4+ concentration, which was most likely associated with urinary-N discharge. During P1, there was a greater urinary-N discharge for LI95% than LIMax (26.3 vs. 20.9 kg of urinary-N/paddock) caused by higher stocking rate, which resulted in greater N2O fluxes for LI95%. Inversely, during P2, the soil NH4+ and N2O fluxes were greater for LIMax than LI95%. During this period, the greater urinary-N discharge (46.8 vs. 44.8 kg of urinary-N/paddock) was likely associated with longer stocking period for LIMax relative to LI95%, since both treatments had similar stocking rate. Converting hourly N2O fluxes to daily basis and relating to milk production efficiency, LI95% was 40% more efficient than LIMax (0.34 vs. 0.57 g N-N2O/kg milk·ha). In addition, LI95% pre-grazing target decreased urea-N loading per milk production by 34%. Strategic grazing management represented by the LI95% pre-grazing target allows for intensification of tropical pasture-based dairy systems, enhanced milk production efficiency and decreased N-N2O emission intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhermo F S Congio
- Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marília B Chiavegato
- Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camila D A Batalha
- Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Thomas M R Maxwell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Pablo Gregorini
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Sila C Da Silva
- Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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88
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Clagnan E, Thornton SF, Rolfe SA, Wells NS, Knoeller K, Murphy J, Tuohy P, Daly K, Healy MG, Ezzati G, von Chamier J, Fenton O. An integrated assessment of nitrogen source, transformation and fate within an intensive dairy system to inform management change. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219479. [PMID: 31335897 PMCID: PMC6650055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From an environmental perspective optimised dairy systems, which follow current regulations, still have low nitrogen (N) use efficiency, high N surplus (kg N ha-1) and enable ad-hoc delivery of direct and indirect reactive N losses to water and the atmosphere. The objective of the present study was to divide an intensive dairy farm into N attenuation capacity areas based on this ad-hoc delivery. Historical and current spatial and temporal multi-level datasets (stable isotope and dissolved gas) were combined and interpreted. Results showed that the farm had four distinct attenuation areas: high N attenuation: characterised by ammonium-N (NH4+-N) below 0.23 mg NH4+-N l-1 and nitrate (NO3--N) below 5.65 mg NO3--N l-1 in surface, drainage and groundwater, located on imperfectly to moderately-well drained soils with high denitrification potential and low nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (av. 0.0032 mg N2O-N l-1); moderate N attenuation: characterised by low NO3--N concentration in drainage water but high N2O production (0.0317 mg N2O-N l-1) and denitrification potential lower than group 1 (av. δ15N-NO3-: 16.4‰, av. δ18O-NO3-: 9.2‰), on well to moderately drained soils; low N attenuation-area 1: characterised by high NO3--N (av. 6.90 mg NO3--N l-1) in drainage water from well to moderately-well drained soils, with low denitrification potential (av. δ15N-NO3-: 9.5‰, av. δ18O-NO3-: 5.9‰) and high N2O emissions (0.0319 mg N2O l-1); and low N attenuation-area 2: characterised by high NH4+-N (av. 3.93 mg NH4+-N l-1 and high N2O emissions (av. 0.0521 mg N2O l-1) from well to imperfectly drained soil. N loads on site should be moved away from low attenuation areas and emissions to air and water should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Steven F. Thornton
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Rolfe
- Department of Animal and Plant Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi S. Wells
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
- Department of Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kay Knoeller
- Department of Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - John Murphy
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Patrick Tuohy
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen Daly
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Mark G. Healy
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Golnaz Ezzati
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Julia von Chamier
- Department of Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Owen Fenton
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
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89
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Song Z, Wang J, Liu G, Zhang C. Changes in nitrogen functional genes in soil profiles of grassland under long-term grazing prohibition in a semiarid area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:92-101. [PMID: 30986685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grazing prohibition has been used to restore degraded grassland ecosystems in semiarid areas; however, the impact of this measure on soil nitrogen (N) cycling is poorly understood. Furthermore, recent studies have tended to focus on the topsoil and ignored a steep gradient of nutrient accumulation with soil depth. Here, we investigated changes in N functional genes (NFGs) involved in organic N decomposition (chiA), archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidation (amoA-AOA and amoA-AOB), respectively, denitrification (nirK and nirS), and N fixation (nifH) in soil profiles from a chronosequence of grazing prohibition (0, 10, 15, 25, and 35 years) in the semiarid grasslands of the Loess Plateau, China. The abundance of all the investigated NFGs in grassland soils after 35 years' grazing prohibition was higher than in grazed grassland. This result suggests that microbial N turnover potential is facilitated by grazing prohibition, probably through enhanced biomass production via increases in nutrient input into the soil. The higher ratio of (chiA + nifH)/(amoA-AOA + amoA-AOB) and values of (nirK + nirS) in grazing-prohibited grasslands than in grazed grassland suggest that prohibition of grazing not only improved microbial N storage potential but also increased N gas emission potential. The abundances of NFGs varied along the soil profiles and responded differently to environmental factors. The chiA and nifH abundances decreased with soil depth and were associated with variation in aboveground biomass, NH4+-N, and organic carbon, while amoA-AOA, nirK, and nirS genes increased with depth and were more affected by soil organic carbon, moisture, and bulk density. Multivariate regression tree analysis demonstrated that aboveground biomass was the best explanatory variable for the changes in NFGs in grazed grassland, while soil organic carbon was the best in the grazing-prohibited grasslands. Our results provide new insight into the soil N cycling potential of degraded and restored semiarid grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Guobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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90
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Spatial and Seasonal Variations in the Abundance of Nitrogen-Transforming Genes and the Microbial Community Structure in Freshwater Lakes with Different Trophic Statuses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132298. [PMID: 31261730 PMCID: PMC6651097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Identifying nitrogen-transforming genes and the microbial community in the lacustrine sedimentary environment is critical for revealing nitrogen cycle processes in eutrophic lakes. In this study, we examined the diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), denitrifying bacteria (DNB), and anammox bacteria (AAOB) in different trophic status regions of Lake Taihu using the amoA, Arch-amoA, nirS, and hzo genes as functional markers. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) results indicated that the abundance of the nirS gene was the highest, while the amoA gene had the lowest abundance in all regions. Except for the primary inflow area of Lake Taihu, Arch-amoA gene abundance was higher than the hzo gene in three lake bays, and the abundance of the nirS gene increased with decreasing trophic status. The opposite pattern was observed for the amoA, Arch-amoA, and hzo genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the predominant AOB and AOA were Nitrosomonas and Nitrosopumilus maritimus, respectively, and the proportion of Nitrosomonas in the eutrophic region (87.9%) was higher than that in the mesotrophic region (71.1%). Brocadia and Anammoxoglobus were the two predominant AAOB in Lake Taihu. Five novel unknown phylotypes of AAOB were observed, and Cluster AAOB-B was only observed in the inflow area with a proportion of 32%. In the DNB community, Flavobacterium occurred at a higher proportion (22.6–38.2%) in all regions, the proportion of Arthrobacter in the mesotrophic region (3.6%) was significantly lower than that in the eutrophic region (15.6%), and the proportions of Cluster DNB-E in the inflow area (24.5%) was significantly higher than that in the lake bay (7.3%). The canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the substrate concentration in sedimentary environments, such as NOx--N in the sediment, NH4+-N in the pore water, and the total organic matter, were the key factors that determined the nitrogen-transforming microbial community. However, the temperature was also a predominant factor affecting the AOA and AAOB communities.
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91
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Cui YX, Biswal BK, Guo G, Deng YF, Huang H, Chen GH, Wu D. Biological nitrogen removal from wastewater using sulphur-driven autotrophic denitrification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6023-6039. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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92
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Piñeiro-Guerra JM, Yahdjian L, Della Chiesa T, Piñeiro G. Nitrous oxide emissions decrease with plant diversity but increase with grassland primary productivity. Oecologia 2019; 190:497-507. [PMID: 31161469 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), a main greenhouse gas that contributes to ozone layer depletion, is released from soils. Even when it has been argued that agriculture is the main cause of its increase in the atmosphere, natural ecosystems are also an important source of N2O. However, the impacts of human activities on N2O emissions through biodiversity loss or primary productivity changes in natural ecosystems have rarely been assessed. Here, we analyzed the effects of vegetation attributes such as plant diversity and production, as drivers of N2O emission rates, in addition to environmental factors. We measured N2O emissions monthly during 1 year in 12 sites covering a large portion of the Rio de la Plata grasslands, Argentina, and related these emissions with climate, soil and vegetation attributes. We performed spatial and temporal models of N2O emissions separately, to evaluate which drivers control N2O in space and over time independently. Our results showed that in the spatial model, N2O emissions decreased with increments in plant species richness, with concomitant reductions in soil [Formula: see text] whereas N2O emissions increased with primary productivity. By contrast, in the temporal model, monthly precipitation and monthly temperature were the main drivers of N2O emissions, with positive correlations, showing important differences with the spatial model. Overall, our results show that biological drivers may exert substantial control of N2O emissions at large spatial scales, together with climate and soil variables. Our results suggest that biodiversity conservation of natural grasslands may reduce regional greenhouse gas emissions, besides maintaining other important ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Piñeiro-Guerra
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomas Della Chiesa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Climatología y Fenología Agrícolas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gervasio Piñeiro
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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93
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Zhu G, Song X, Ju X, Zhang J, Müller C, Sylvester-Bradley R, Thorman RE, Bingham I, Rees RM. Gross N transformation rates and related N 2O emissions in Chinese and UK agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:176-186. [PMID: 30798228 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The properties of agricultural soils in various regions of the world are variable and can have a significant but poorly understood impact on soil nitrogen (N) transformations and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. For this reason, we undertook a study of gross N transformations and related N2O emissions in contrasting agricultural soils from China and the UK. Seven Chinese and three UK agricultural soils were collected for study using a 15N tracing approach. The soil pH ranged from 5.4 to 8.7, with three acidic soils collected from Jinjing, Lishu and Boghall; one neutral soil collected from Changshu, and the other six alkaline soils collected from Quzhou, Zhangye, Changwu, Jinzhong, Boxworth and Stetchworth. Our results showed that the main N transformation processes were oxidation of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) (ONH4), and mineralization of organic N to NH4+. The gross autotrophic nitrification rates calculated in the three acidic soils were between 0.25 and 4.15 mg N kg-1 d-1, which were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the remaining neutral and alkaline soils ranging from 6.94 to 14.43 mg N kg-1 d-1. Generally, soil pH was positively correlated (p < 0.001) with gross autotrophic nitrification rate and cumulative N2O emissions, indicating that soil pH was an important factor regulating autotrophic nitrification and N2O emissions. There was also a significant positive correlation between the gross autotrophic nitrification rate and cumulative N2O emissions, highlighting the importance of this process for producing N2O emissions in these agricultural soils under aerobic conditions. Gross NH4+ immobilization rates were very low in most soils except for the Jinjing soil with the lowest pH. In conclusion, the gross autotrophic nitrification rates and related N2O emissions were controlled by soil pH irrespectively of the soil's origin in these agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaodi Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant Ecology (IFZ), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Rachel E Thorman
- ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, UK
| | - Ian Bingham
- SRUC, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert M Rees
- SRUC, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK
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94
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Kostyanovsky KI, Huggins DR, Stockle CO, Morrow JG, Madsen IJ. Emissions of N2O and CO2 Following Short-Term Water and N Fertilization Events in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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95
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Garnier J, Le Noë J, Marescaux A, Sanz-Cobena A, Lassaletta L, Silvestre M, Thieu V, Billen G. Long-term changes in greenhouse gas emissions from French agriculture and livestock (1852-2014): From traditional agriculture to conventional intensive systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:1486-1501. [PMID: 30743941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
France was a traditionally agricultural country until the first half of the 20th century. Today, it is the first European cereal producer, with cereal crops accounting for 40% of the agricultural surface area used, and is also a major country for livestock breeding with 25% of the European cattle livestock. This major socioecological transition, with rapid intensification and specialisation in an open global market, has been accompanied by deep environmental changes. To explore the changes in agricultural GHG emissions over the long term (1852-2014), we analysed the emission factors of N2O from field experiments covering major land uses, in a gradient of fertilisation and within a range of temperature and rainfall, and used CH4 emission coefficients for livestock categories, in terms of enteric and manure management, considering the historical changes in animal excretion rates. We also estimated indirect CO2 emissions, rarely accounted for in agricultural emissions, using coefficients found in the literature for the dominant energy consumption items (fertiliser production, field work and machinery, and feed import). From GHG emissions of ~30,000 ktons CO2 Eq yr-1 in 1852, reaching 54,000 ktons CO2 Eq yr-1 in 1955, emissions more than doubled during the 'Glorious thirties' (1950-1980), and peaked around 120,000 ktons CO2 Eq yr-1 in the early 2000s. For the 2010-2014 period, French agriculture GHG emissions stabilised at ~114,000 ktons CO2 Eq yr-1, distributed into 49% methane (CH4), 22% carbon dioxide (CO2) and 29% nitrous oxide (N2O). A regional approach through 33 regions in France shows a diversity of agriculture reflecting the hydro-ecoregion distribution and the agricultural specialisation of local areas. Exploring contrasting scenarios at the 2040 horizon suggests that only deep changes in the structure of the agro-food system would double the reduction of GHG emissions by the agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette Garnier
- SU CNRS EPHE UMR 7619 Metis, BP 123, Tour 56-55, Etage 4, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Julia Le Noë
- SU CNRS EPHE UMR 7619 Metis, BP 123, Tour 56-55, Etage 4, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Marescaux
- SU CNRS EPHE UMR 7619 Metis, BP 123, Tour 56-55, Etage 4, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Sanz-Cobena
- CEIGRAM-Agricultural Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Lassaletta
- CEIGRAM-Agricultural Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie Silvestre
- SU CNRS FR3020 FIRE, BP 123, Tour 56-55, Etage 4, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Thieu
- SU CNRS EPHE UMR 7619 Metis, BP 123, Tour 56-55, Etage 4, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Billen
- SU CNRS EPHE UMR 7619 Metis, BP 123, Tour 56-55, Etage 4, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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96
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Castellano‐Hinojosa A, Loick N, Dixon E, Matthews GP, Lewicka‐Szczebak D, Well R, Bol R, Charteris A, Cardenas L. Improved isotopic model based on 15 N tracing and Rayleigh-type isotope fractionation for simulating differential sources of N 2 O emissions in a clay grassland soil. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:449-460. [PMID: 30561863 PMCID: PMC6492082 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotopic signatures of N2 O can help distinguish between two sources (fertiliser N or endogenous soil N) of N2 O emissions. The contribution of each source to N2 O emissions after N-application is difficult to determine. Here, isotopologue signatures of emitted N2 O are used in an improved isotopic model based on Rayleigh-type equations. METHODS The effects of a partial (33% of surface area, treatment 1c) or total (100% of surface area, treatment 3c) dispersal of N and C on gaseous emissions from denitrification were measured in a laboratory incubation system (DENIS) allowing simultaneous measurements of NO, N2 O, N2 and CO2 over a 12-day incubation period. To determine the source of N2 O emissions those results were combined with both the isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of the isotopocules of emitted N2 O and those from the 15 N-tracing technique. RESULTS The spatial dispersal of N and C significantly affected the quantity, but not the timing, of gas fluxes. Cumulative emissions are larger for treatment 3c than treatment 1c. The 15 N-enrichment analysis shows that initially ~70% of the emitted N2 O derived from the applied amendment followed by a constant decrease. The decrease in contribution of the fertiliser N-pool after an initial increase is sooner and larger for treatment 1c. The Rayleigh-type model applied to N2 O isotopocules data (δ15 Nbulk -N2 O values) shows poor agreement with the measurements for the original one-pool model for treatment 1c; the two-pool models gives better results when using a third-order polynomial equation. In contrast, in treatment 3c little difference is observed between the two modelling approaches. CONCLUSIONS The importance of N2 O emissions from different N-pools in soil for the interpretation of N2 O isotopocules data was demonstrated using a Rayleigh-type model. Earlier statements concerning exponential increase in native soil nitrate pool activity highlighted in previous studies should be replaced with a polynomial increase with dependency on both N-pool sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Castellano‐Hinojosa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Granada. Campus Cartuja18071GranadaSpain
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín18080GranadaSpain
| | - Nadine Loick
- Rothamsted Research, North WykeOkehamptonEX20 2SBUK
| | | | - G. Peter Matthews
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PlymouthDavy Building, Drake CircusPlymouthPL4 8AAUK
| | | | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate‐Smart AgricultureBundesallee 6538116BraunschweigGermany
| | - Roland Bol
- Agrosphere (IBG‐3)Institute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesForschungszentrum Jülich52428JülichGermany
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97
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Well R, Burkart S, Giesemann A, Grosz B, Köster JR, Lewicka-Szczebak D. Improvement of the 15 N gas flux method for in situ measurement of soil denitrification and its product stoichiometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:437-448. [PMID: 30474287 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Field measurement of denitrification in agricultural ecosystems using the 15 N gas flux method has been limited by poor sensitivity because current isotope ratio mass spectrometry is not precise enough to detect low 15 N2 fluxes in the presence of a high atmospheric N2 background. For laboratory studies, detection limits are improved by incubating soils in closed systems and under N2 -depleted atmospheres. METHODS We developed a new procedure to conduct the 15 N gas flux method suitable for field application using an artificially N2 -depleted atmosphere to improve the detection limit at the given precision of mass spectrometry. Laboratory experiments with and without 15 N-labelling and using different flushing strategies were conducted to develop a suitable field method. Subsequently, this method was tested in the field and results were compared with those obtained from the conventional 15 N gas flux method. RESULTS Results of the two methods were in close agreement showing that the denitrification rates determined were not biased by the flushing procedure. Best sensitivity for N2 + N2 O fluxes was 10 ppb, which was 80-fold better than that of the reference method. Further improvement can be achieved by lowering the N2 background concentration below the values established in the present study. CONCLUSIONS In view of this progress in sensitivity, the new method will be suitable to measure denitrification dynamics in the field beyond peak events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Burkart
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anette Giesemann
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Balázs Grosz
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Reent Köster
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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98
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Meng J, Li J, He J, Li J, Deng K, Nan J. Nutrient removal from high ammonium swine wastewater in upflow microaerobic biofilm reactor suffered high hydraulic load. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:69-75. [PMID: 30557752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand the ability of an upflow microaerobic biofilm reactor (UMBR) to remove nutrient from manure-free swine wastewater rich in NH4+ with a COD/TN ratio less than 1.00, effect of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) on the microaerobic process was evaluated with a constant reflux ratio of 25 at 25 °C. The results showed that changes in HLR had a remarkable effect on the performance of the UMBR in nutrient removal from the wastewater. With the favorable HLR 3.0 m3/(m3·d) (Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 8 h), average removal of COD, NH4+ and TN in the microaerobic process reached 59.3%, 87.7% and 84.7%, respectively, though the COD/TN ratio was as low as 0.84. With an over HLR of 4.0 m3/(m3·d) (HRT decreased to 6 h), bad performance of the UMBR was observed with an average removal of COD, NH4+ and TN as low as 45.0%, 59.0% and 57.5%, respectively. Since the HLR was decreased to 2.4 m3/(m3·d) (HRT 10 h), the microaerobic process regained the efficiency in nutrient removal with a removal of COD, NH4+ and TN averaged 59.0%, 95.3% and 87.8%, respectively. The microaerobic condition allowed anammox bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifiers to all thrive in the UMBR, resulting in the efficient synchronous removal of organic carbon and nitrogen. As the dominant approach to nitrogen removal, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) pathway contributing to the TN removal in the microaerobic process exceeded 59.5% at HLR 3.0 m3/(m3·d). The results demonstrated that the UMBR can remove nitrogen and carbon from swine wastewater, with a suitable HLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China; Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Jiuling Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiamin He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Kaiwen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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99
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Remarkable N 2O emissions by draining fallow paddy soil and close link to the ammonium-oxidizing archaea communities. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2550. [PMID: 30796347 PMCID: PMC6384938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fallow paddies experience natural flooding and draining water status due to rainfall and evaporation, which could induce considerable nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and need to be studied specially. In this study, intact soil columns were collected from a fallow paddy field and the flooding-draining process was simulated in a microcosm experiment. The results showed that both N2O concentrations in the soil and N2O emission rates were negligible during flooding period, which were greatly elevated by draining the fallow paddy soil. The remarkable N2O concentrations in the soil and N2O emission/h during draining both had significant relationships with the Arch-amoA gene (P < 0.01) but not the Bac-amoA, narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes, indicating that the ammonium-oxidizing archaea (AOA) might be the important players in soil N2O net production and emissions after draining. Moreover, we observed that N2O concentrations in the upper soil layers (0-10 cm) were not significantly different from that in the 10-20 cm layer under draining condition (P > 0.05). However, the number of AOA and the nitrification substrate (NH4+-N) in the 0-10 cm layer were significantly higher than in the 10-20 cm layer (P < 0.01), indicating N2O production in the 0-10 cm layer might be higher than the measured concentration and would contribute considerably to N2O emissions as shorter distance of gas diffusion to the soil surface.
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100
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Fuertes-Mendizábal T, Huérfano X, Vega-Mas I, Torralbo F, Menéndez S, Ippolito JA, Kammann C, Wrage-Mönnig N, Cayuela ML, Borchard N, Spokas K, Novak J, González-Moro MB, González-Murua C, Estavillo JM. Biochar reduces the efficiency of nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) mitigating N 2O emissions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2346. [PMID: 30787323 PMCID: PMC6382844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among strategies suggested to decrease agricultural soil N2O losses, the use of nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) has been proposed. However, the efficiency of DMPP might be affected by soil amendments, such as biochar, which has been shown to reduce N2O emissions. This study evaluated the synergic effect of a woody biochar applied with DMPP on soil N2O emissions. A incubation study was conducted with a silt loam soil and a biochar obtained from Pinus taeda at 500 °C. Two biochar rates (0 and 2% (w/w)) and three different nitrogen treatments (unfertilized, fertilized and fertilized + DMPP) were assayed under two contrasting soil water content levels (40% and 80% of water filled pore space (WFPS)) over a 163 day incubation period. Results showed that DMPP reduced N2O emissions by reducing ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) populations and promoting the last step of denitrification (measured by the ratio nosZI + nosZII/nirS + nirK genes). Biochar mitigated N2O emissions only at 40% WFPS due to a reduction in AOB population. However, when DMPP was applied to the biochar amended soil, a counteracting effect was observed, since the N2O mitigation induced by DMPP was lower than in control soil, demonstrating that this biochar diminishes the efficiency of the DMPP both at low and high soil water contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fuertes-Mendizábal
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - X Huérfano
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - I Vega-Mas
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - F Torralbo
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - S Menéndez
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, C127 Plant Sciences Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1170, USA
| | - C Kammann
- Geisenheim University, Department of Applied Ecology, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - N Wrage-Mönnig
- University of Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Grassland and Fodder Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - M L Cayuela
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - N Borchard
- Institute of Geography, Soil Science/Soil Ecology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Plant Production, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Spokas
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Soil & Water Management Research Unit, 439 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - J Novak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Coastal Plains Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - M B González-Moro
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - C González-Murua
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J M Estavillo
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
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