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Chae S, Noeiaghaei T, Oh Y, Kim IS, Park JS. Effective removal of emerging dissolved cyanotoxins from water using hybrid photocatalytic composites. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:421-431. [PMID: 30472544 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are occurring more frequently in fresh water throughout the world. Certain cyanobacteria can produce and release potent toxic compounds, known as cyanotoxins, such as microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, and anatoxin-a, and as such they have become a human and environmental health concern. Hybrid photocatalytic composites (HPCs) comprising carbon nanotubes on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes were designed in this study. The HPCs have a selective adsorption capacity to cyanotoxins and provide photocatalytic activity to produce reactive oxygen species for the degradation of cyanotoxins. HPCs with 5.2 mg carbon nanotubes/cm2 showed an excellent removal efficiency of microcystins-LR (>95%) at 55.6 L/m2/hr/bar. The HPCs more efficiently removed the relatively larger and more hydrophobic cyanotoxins (i.e., microcystin-LR) than the relatively smaller and more hydrophilic compounds, such as cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, and anatoxin-a. With a further increased in the carbon nanotube content to 8.6 mg/cm2, the adsorption capacity of the HPCs for cyanotoxins increased to 70.6% for MC-LR. However, there was significant decrease in the photocatalytic activity of the HPCs for production of reactive oxygen species, and consequently a decrease in the degradation of cyanotoxins. It is considered that this device could be used to provide complete rejection of particles and pathogens, and also to significantly reduce trace organic compounds and harmful algal toxins in emergency water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA.
| | - Tahereh Noeiaghaei
- Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yoontaek Oh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - In S Kim
- Global Desalination Research Center, School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Park
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Chungnam Province, 31066, Republic of Korea.
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52
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Zhang X, He J, Xiao S, Yang X. Elimination kinetics and detoxification mechanisms of microcystin-LR during UV/Chlorine process. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:702-709. [PMID: 30293023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxin produced by cyanobacteria, is very toxic and poses a threat to public health when entering water treatment works. In this study, UV/chlorine process, as an advanced oxidation process (AOP), has been demonstrated for effective elimination of MC-LR levels and associated toxicity. At a chlorine dose of 3.0 mg L-1 and UV fluence of 125 mJ cm-2, MC-LR (initial concentration 1.0 μM) was reduced by 92.5%, which was much higher than 20.3% removal under UV irradiation alone and 65.1% removal during dark chlorination. Enhanced degradation was attributed by hydroxyl radicals (HO) and reactive chlorine species (RCS), mainly Cl2- and ClO. Increasing chlorine doses or lowering pH favored MC-LR removal. Increased bicarbonate and natural organic matter concentrations inhibited MC-LR removal, but bromide ions enhanced MC-LR removal instead. MC-LR elimination rates in natural waters were roughly two times smaller than those in ultrapure water. The reactive radicals promoted hydroxylation of both diene of Adda moiety and double bond of Mdha moiety in MC-LR. UV exposure enhanced the dechlorination of chloro-MC-LR via the cleavage of CCl bond. The toxicity was evaluated by a protein phosphatase (PP2A) inhibition assay. At a chlorine dose of 3.0 mg L-1 and UV fluence of 125 mJ cm-2, the toxicity of the treated water was reduced by 75.0%, which was also higher than 25.7% and 46.7% removal under UV irradiation alone and during dark chlorination, respectively. These results highlight UV/chlorine is an efficient AOP for MC-LR degradation and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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53
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Liu X, Cai H, Zou J, Pang Z, Yuan B, Zhou Z, Cheng Q. Spectrophotometric determination of trace permanganate in water with N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:604-610. [PMID: 30172042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive spectrophotometric method (the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method) was established for the determination of trace permanganate concentration (0-10 μM) in water. The DPD method was based on the oxidative coloration reaction where permanganate could oxidize DPD to form the red colored DPD radical (DPD•+) with a second-order rate constant of 2.96 × 104 M-1 s-1 at pH 6 (50 mM phosphate buffer). The generated DPD•+ could be quantitatively measured at 551 nm using an UV-Vis spectrophotometer. There was a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.999) between the absorbance of DPD•+ and permanganate concentration. The DPD method was highly sensitive, and the absorbance of generated DPD•+ at 551 nm was as high as 5.70 × 104 cm-1 per M (mol L-1) of permanganate. The reaction of permanganate with DPD in the pH range of 4.0-8.0 had a stoichiometric coefficient of 1:2.71. The residual absorbance of DPD•+ in ultrapure water and natural waters was fairly stable for 30 min. Limits of detection of the proposed DPD method in ultrapure water and natural waters were calculated to be as low as 0.010 μM and 0.017 μM, respectively. Moreover, trace permanganate concentrations of 0.04 and 0.10 μM were found in natural waters and wastewater by the proposed DPD method. Additionally, the DPD method could be applied to measure the second-order rate constants of the reaction of permanganate with phenol at pH 7.0 (28.2 M-1 s-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Huahua Cai
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
| | - Zijun Pang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, PR China
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Antoniou MG, Boraei I, Solakidou M, Deligiannakis Y, Abhishek M, Lawton LA, Edwards C. Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of the cyanotoxin microcystin-LR with the addition of sulfate-radical generating oxidants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:461-470. [PMID: 30142597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the coupling of sulfate radical generating oxidants, (persulfate, PS and peroxymonosulfate, PMS) with TiO2 photocatalysis for the degradation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Treatment efficiency was evaluated by estimating the electrical energy per order (EEO). Oxidant addition at 4 mg/L reduced the energy requirements of the treatment by 60% and 12% for PMS and PS, respectively compared with conventional photocatalysis. Quenching studies indicated that both sulfate and hydroxyl radicals contributed towards the degradation of MC-LR for both oxidants, while Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) studies confirmed that the oxidants prolonged that lifetime of both radicals (concentration maxima shifted from 10 to 20 min), allowing for bulk diffusion and enhancing cyanotoxin removal. Structural identification of transformation products (TPs) formed during all treatments, indicated that early stage degradation of MC-LR occurred mainly on the aromatic ring and conjugated carbon double bonds of the ADDA amino acid. In addition, simultaneous hydroxyl substitution of the aromatic ring and the conjugated double carbon bonds of ADDA (m/z = 1027.5) are reported for the first time. Oxidant addition also increased the rates of formation/degradation of TPs and affected the overall toxicity of the treated samples. The detoxification and degradation order of the treatments was UVA/TiO2/PMS > UVA/TiO2/PS>> UVA/TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Antoniou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - I Boraei
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - M Solakidou
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis and Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Y Deligiannakis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials and Environment, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - M Abhishek
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - L A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - C Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
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55
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Chang CW, Huo X, Lin TF. Exposure of Microcystis aeruginosa to hydrogen peroxide and titanium dioxide under visible light conditions: Modeling the impact of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical on cell rupture and microcystin degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:217-226. [PMID: 29793161 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study are to evaluate, under visible light conditions, the ability of H2O2 and TiO2 to produce OH, their quantitative impacts on the cell integrity of Microcystis, and the subsequent release and degradation of microcystins (MCs). A sequential reaction model was developed, including one sub-model to simulate the rupture kinetics for cell integrity of Microcystis, and another to describe the release and degradation of MCs. For cell rupture, the dual-oxidant Delayed Chick-Watson model (DCWM) and dual-oxidant Hom model (HM) were first proposed and developed, giving excellent simulation results of cell rupture kinetics. Kinetic rate constants between Microcystis cells and H2O2 [Formula: see text] as well as OH (k•OH, Cell) under visible light successfully separated the individual effects of H2O2 and OH on Microcystis. The dual-oxidant models were further validated with additional experiments, making the models more convincing. Finally, the dual-oxidant cell rupture models were integrated with the MC degradation model and well predicted the observed MCs concentrations in the experimental systems. The results of this study not only demonstrate the potential application of H2O2 and TiO2 for the control of cyanobacteria and metabolites in natural water bodies, but also provide a new methodology to differentiate the individual contributions of the two oxidants, H2O2 and OH, on cell rupture, thus giving a novel way to more precisely determine the effective doses of applied oxidants for cyanobacteria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Global Water Quality Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Xiangchen Huo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Tsair-Fuh Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Global Water Quality Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
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56
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TiO2 Assisted Photodegradation for Low Substrate Concentrations and Transition Metal Electron Scavengers. CHEMENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering2030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are known to survive conventional wastewater treatment, which introduces them back to the environment, allowing them to potentially cycle into drinking water. This is especially concerning because of the inherent ability of some CECs to induce physiological effects in humans at very low doses. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as TiO2-based photocatalysis are of great interest for addressing CECs in aqueous environments. Natural water resources often contain dissolved metal cation concentrations in excess of targeted CEC concentrations. These cations may significantly adversely impact the degradation of CECs by scavenging TiO2 surface generated electrons. Consequently, simple pseudo-first-order or Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics are not sufficient for reactor design and process analysis in some scenarios. Rhodamine Basic Violet 10 (Rhodamine B) dye and dissolved [Cu2+] cations were studied as reaction surrogates to demonstrate that TiO2-catalyzed degradation for very dilute solutions is almost entirely due to the homogeneous reaction with hydroxyl radicals, and that in this scenario, the hole trapping pathway has a negligible impact. Chemical reaction kinetic studies were then carried out to develop a robust model for RB-[Cu2+] reactions that is exact in the electron pathways for hydroxyl radical production and electron scavenging.
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57
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Kim MS, Lee HJ, Lee KM, Seo J, Lee C. Oxidation of Microcystins by Permanganate: pH and Temperature-Dependent Kinetics, Effect of DOM Characteristics, and Oxidation Mechanism Revisited. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7054-7063. [PMID: 29791799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative degradation of six representative microcystins (MCs) (MC-RR, -LR, -YR, -LF, -LW, and -LA) by potassium permanganate (KMnO4; Mn(VII)) was investigated, focusing on the temperature- and pH-dependent reaction kinetics, the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the oxidation mechanisms. Second-order rate constants for the reactions of the six MCs with Mn(VII) ( kMn(VII),MC) were determined to be 160.4-520.1 M-1 s-1 (MC-RR > -LR ≈ -YR > -LF ≈ -LW > -LA) at pH 7.2 and 21 °C. The kMn(VII),MC values exhibited activation energies ranging from 15.1 to 22.4 kJ mol-1. With increasing pH from 2 to 11, the kMn(VII),MC values decreased until pH 5, and plateaued over the pH range of 5-11, except for that of MC-YR (which increased at pH > 8). Species-specific second-order rate constants were calculated using predicted p Ka values of MCs. The oxidation of MCs in natural waters was accurately predicted by the kinetic model using kMn(VII),MC and Mn(VII) exposure (∫[Mn(VII)]dt) values. Among different characteristics of DOM in natural waters, UV254, SUVA254, and the abundance of humic-like substances characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy exhibited good correlation with ∫[Mn(VII)]dt. A thorough product study of MC-LR oxidation by Mn(VII) was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sik Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Myeong Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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58
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Tan C, Dong Y, Shi L, Chen Q, Yang S, Liu X, Ling J, He X, Fu D. Degradation of Orange II in ferrous activated peroxymonosulfate system: Efficiency, situ EPR spin trapping and degradation pathway study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dixit F, Barbeau B, Mohseni M. Simultaneous uptake of NOM and Microcystin-LR by anion exchange resins: Effect of inorganic ions and resin regeneration. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:113-121. [PMID: 29100119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficiency of a strongly basic macroporous anion exchange resin for the co-removal of Microcystin-LR (MCLR) and natural organic matter (NOM) in waters affected by toxic algal blooms. Environmental factors influencing the uptake behavior included MCLR and resin concentrations, NOM and anionic species, specifically nitrate, sulphate and bicarbonate. A860 resin exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity of 3800 μg/g; more than 60% of the MCLR removal was achieved within 10 min with a resin dosage of 200 mg/L (∼1 mL/L). Further, kinetic studies revealed that the overall removal of MCLR is influenced by both external diffusion and intra-particle diffusion. Increasing NOM concentration resulted in a significant reduction of MCLR uptake, especially at lower resin dosages, where a competitive uptake between the charged NOM fractions and MCLR was observed due to limited active sites. In addition, MCLR uptake was significantly reduced in the presence of sulphate and nitrate in the water matrix. Moreover, performance of the resin proved to be stable from one regeneration cycle to another. Approximately 80% of MCLR and 50% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were recovered in the regenerated brine. Evidences of resin saturation and site reduction were also observed after 2000 bed volumes (BV) of operation. For all the investigated water matrices, a resin dosage of 1000 mg/L (∼4.5 mL/L) was sufficient to lower MCLR concentration from 100 μg/L to below the World Health Organization guideline of 1 μg/L, while simultaneously providing more than 80% NOM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhar Dixit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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60
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Sivasankar V, Nkonde MA, Govender P, Omine K, Kuvarega AT, Prabhakaran M, Msagati TA. Dendrimer supported Fe/Ni bimetallic composites immobilized in polyethersulfone membranes for effective degradation of arginine containing microcystins. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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61
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Wu Z, Guo K, Fang J, Yang X, Xiao H, Hou S, Kong X, Shang C, Yang X, Meng F, Chen L. Factors affecting the roles of reactive species in the degradation of micropollutants by the UV/chlorine process. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:351-360. [PMID: 28985600 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The UV/chlorine process is an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP) that produces various reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals (HO) and reactive chlorine species (RCS). The effects of the treatment conditions, such as chlorine dosage and pH, and the water matrix components of natural organic matter (NOM), alkalinity, ammonia and halides, on the kinetics and reactive species in the degradation of four micropollutants, metronidazole (MDZ), nalidixic acid (NDA), diethyltoluamide (DEET) and caffeine (CAF), by the UV/chlorine process were investigated. The degradation of MDZ and CAF was primarily attributable to HO and ClO, respectively, while that of NDA was primarily attributable to both ClO and CO3-. HO, Cl and CO3- are important for the degradation of DEET. The second-order rate constants for ClO with CAF and CO3- with NDA were determined to be 5.1 (±0.2) × 107 M-1s-1 and 1.4 (±0.1) × 107 M-1s-1, respectively. Increasing chlorine dosage slightly changed the contribution of HO but linearly increased that of ClO to micropollutant degradation. Increasing pH decreased the contribution of either HO or Cl but not that of ClO. Both NOM and bicarbonate decreased the contributions of HO and Cl, whereas NOM but not bicarbonate significantly decreased that of ClO. The contribution of either HO or Cl first rose and then fell as the molar ratio of ammonia to chlorine increased from 0 to 1:1, while that of ClO decreased. The co-presence of high concentrations of Cl- and Br- enhanced the contribution of ClBr- and BrCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kaiheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaodong Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiujuan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Guo K, Wu Z, Shang C, Yao B, Hou S, Yang X, Song W, Fang J. Radical Chemistry and Structural Relationships of PPCP Degradation by UV/Chlorine Treatment in Simulated Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10431-10439. [PMID: 28809556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The UV/chlorine process is an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP) used for the degradation of micropollutants. However, the radical chemistry of this AOP is largely unknown for the degradation of numerous structurally diverse micropollutants in water matrices of varying quality. These issues were addressed by grouping 34 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) according to the radical chemistry of their degradation in the UV/chlorine process at practical PPCP concentrations (1 μg L-1) and in different water matrices. The contributions of HO• and reactive chlorine species (RCS), including Cl•, Cl2•-, and ClO•, to the degradation of different PPCPs were compound specific. RCS showed considerable reactivity with olefins and benzene derivatives, such as phenols, anilines, and alkyl-/alkoxybenzenes. A good linear relationship was found between the RCS reactivity and negative values of the Hammett ∑σp+ constant for aromatic PPCPs, indicating that electron-donating groups promote the attack of benzene derivatives by RCS. The contribution of HO•, but not necessarily RCS, to PPCP removal decreased with increasing pH. ClO• showed high reactivity with some PPCPs, such as carbamazepine, caffeine, and gemfibrozil, with second-order rate constants of 9.2 × 107, 1.03 × 108, and 4.16 × 108 M-1 s-1, respectively, which contributed to their degradation. Natural organic matter (NOM) induced significant scavenging of ClO• and greatly decreased the degradation of PPCPs that was attributable to ClO•, with a second-order rate constant of 4.5 × 104 (mg L-1)-1 s-1. Alkalinity inhibited the degradation of PPCPs that was primarily attacked by HO• and Cl• but had negligible effects on the degradation of PPCPs by ClO•. This is the first study on the reactivity of RCS, particularly ClO•, with structurally diverse PPCPs under simulated drinking water condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Dan Y, Adams CD, Shi H, Ma Y, Eichholz T. Effect of oxidant demand on the release and degradation of microcystin-LR from Microcystis aeruginosa during oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:562-568. [PMID: 28463731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the release and degradation of intracellular microcystin-LR (MC-LR) due to oxidation of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was examined kinetically. Brief exposure to free chlorine with no measureable oxidant exposure was demonstrated to be sufficient to induce rapid release of intracellular MC-LR from M. aeruginosa. Thus, in a water treatment plant, there is currently no level of prechlorination that can be assumed to be safe, since very low preoxidation prior to filtration and no measureable free chlorine residual may still observe the release and buildup of extracellular MC-LR. Higher chlorine dosages resulting in a measureable exposure or CT (concentration times contact time) cause more rapid release and oxidation of the intracellular toxins. Further, the rate of release of MC-LR with intermediate oxidant dosages were shown to be initially rapid, but then slowed to a lower release rate due to an as yet undetermined mechanism. While free chlorine was reactive with the extracellular MC-LR, the monochloramine resulting from the consumption of the free chlorine by ammonia was not. Consideration of the ammonia concentration and the chlorine dosage relative to the chlorination breakpoint dosages is important for utilities assessing the impact of prechlorination of water containing cyanobacteria. MC-LR, once released, was rapidly oxidized by permanganate resulting in only negligible buildup of extracellular toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Yongbo Dan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Craig D Adams
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States; Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS(3)M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States.
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States; Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS(3)M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Yinfa Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States; Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS(3)M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Todd Eichholz
- Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO 65102, United States
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Jeong B, Oh MS, Park HM, Park C, Kim EJ, Hong SW. Elimination of microcystin-LR and residual Mn species using permanganate and powdered activated carbon: Oxidation products and pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:189-199. [PMID: 28249210 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in deionized water (DI) and river water using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) at a neutral pH and at 23 ± 2 °C was investigated. These two aqueous systems (i.e., DI and river water) gave comparable second-order rate constants (289.9 and 285.5 M-1s-1 (r2 > 0.99), respectively), which confirmed the effectiveness of this oxidation process for the treatment of natural surface water. The presence of either humic or fulvic acid reduced the removal efficiency of MC-LR, with the latter exhibiting a greater inhibitory effect. Monitoring of MC-LR and residual Mn2+ levels with adding KMnO4 (1 mg/L) and powdered activated carbon (PAC, 5-20 mg L-1) before and during coagulation, respectively, revealed that 60 min of permanganate pre-oxidation followed by coagulant addition with PAC was the most effective approach for reducing both levels below limits stated by WHO guidelines. The MC-LR degradation products were the result of oxidation occurring at the diene and aromatic moieties of the Adda (3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid) side-chain, in addition to amine bond hydrolysis of the Mdha (N-methyldehydroalanine) moiety. Several toxic by-products with an intact Adda chain were observed during the reaction, but completely disappeared after 60 min. This further supports the conclusion that sufficient contact time with permanganate (i.e., >60 min) is essential to reducing the residual toxicity and maximizing the efficiency of MC-LR oxidation when treating raw water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Jeong
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Oh
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mee Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhyuk Park
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Chu W, Yao D, Deng Y, Sui M, Gao N. Production of trihalomethanes, haloacetaldehydes and haloacetonitriles during chlorination of microcystin-LR and impacts of pre-oxidation on their formation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 327:153-160. [PMID: 28064143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) in drinking water have gained much attention due to their adverse health effects. However, little is known about the impact of pre-oxidation in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the downstream chlorination of MCs. The present study examined the formation of both carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBPs from chlorination of MC-LR (the most abundant MC species) and evaluated the impact of permanganate (PM), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) pre-oxidation on the DBP formation in chlorination. Higher yields of chloroform (CF) (maximum 43.0%) were observed from chlorination of MC-LR than free amino acids which are included in MC-LR structure. Chloral hydrate (CH) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) were also produced from the chlorination of MC-LR, and the latter one was formed probably due to the chlorination of peptide bonds. A high pH favored the production of CF and CH, but inhibited the formation of DCAN. In the presence of bromide, bromo-DBPs could be produced to pose a threat. For example, 0.58μg/L of tribromoacetaldehyde was produced from the chlorination of MC-LR at Br-=200μg/L. PM and ClO2 pre-oxidation could both reduce the DBP formation from MC-LR. In contrast, H2O2 appeared not to significantly control the DBP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Dechang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Minghao Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Meglič A, Pecman A, Rozina T, Leštan D, Sedmak B. Electrochemical inactivation of cyanobacteria and microcystin degradation using a boron-doped diamond anode - A potential tool for cyanobacterial bloom control. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 53:248-261. [PMID: 28372749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are global phenomena that can occur in calm and nutrient-rich (eutrophic) fresh and marine waters. Human exposure to cyanobacteria and their biologically active products is possible during water sports and various water activities, or by ingestion of contaminated water. Although the vast majority of harmful cyanobacterial products are confined to the interior of the cells, these are eventually released into the surrounding water following natural or artificially induced cell death. Electrochemical oxidation has been used here to damage cyanobacteria to halt their proliferation, and for microcystin degradation under in-vitro conditions. Partially spent Jaworski growth medium with no addition of supporting electrolytes was used. Electrochemical treatment resulted in the cyanobacterial loss of cell-buoyancy regulation, cell proliferation arrest, and eventual cell death. Microcystin degradation was studied separately in two basic modes of treatment: batch-wise flow, and constant flow, for electrolytic-cell exposure. Batch-wise exposure simulates treatment under environmental conditions, while constant flow is more appropriate for the study of boron-doped diamond electrode efficacy under laboratory conditions. The effectiveness of microcystin degradation was established using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector analysis, while the biological activities of the products were estimated using a colorimetric protein phosphatase-1 inhibition assay. The results indicate potential for the application of electro-oxidation methods for the control of bloom events by taking advantage of specific intrinsic ecological characteristics of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. The applicability of the use of boron-doped diamond electrodes in remediation of water exposed to cyanobacteria bloom events is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Meglič
- Arhel Ltd., Pustovrhova c. 63, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anja Pecman
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Sciences, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Domen Leštan
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Sciences, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Sedmak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Wu L, Lan J, Wang S, Zhu J. Synthesis of N-doped Carbon Xerogel (N-CX) and its Applications for Adsorption Removal of Microcystin-LR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
N-doped carbon xerogel (N-CX) is synthesized and used for adsorption removal of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from aqueous solution. Characterizations including N2 physisorption, TEM and XPS indicate that N atoms are doped into the N-CX and the material has porous structure. Adsorption tests show that the N-CX is efficient for MC-LR adsorption, with adsorption capacity of 1916.2 μg g−1, which is higher than that of commercial activated carbon (1034.13 μg g−1) and graphene oxide (1700 μg g−1). The material is recyclable after desorption treatment by washing with NaOH solution, with no loss of uptake within five cycles. Effect of initial MC-LR concentration, temperature, and pH on the adsorption behavior is further investigated, to realize the adsorption process, showing that the adsorption process obeys the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order equation. Thermodynamical calculation indicates that the adsorption of MC-LR onto N-CX is a spontaneous and exothermic process, with the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of −16.1 kJ mol−1 and enthalpy (ΔH) of −18.45 kJ mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs and Commission Ministry of Education , College of Resources and Environmental Science , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jirong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs and Commission Ministry of Education , College of Resources and Environmental Science , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs and Commission Ministry of Education , College of Resources and Environmental Science , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Junjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs and Commission Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074 , China
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shenyang Normal University , Shenyang 110034 , China
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Hou M, Chu Y, Li X, Wang H, Yao W, Yu G, Murayama S, Wang Y. Electro-peroxone degradation of diethyl phthalate: Cathode selection, operational parameters, and degradation mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 319:61-68. [PMID: 26777107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) by the electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) process with three different carbon-based cathodes, namely, carbon-polytetrafluorethylene (carbon-PTFE), carbon felt, and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC). Results show that the three cathodes had different electrocatalytic activity for converting sparged O2 to H2O2, which increased in order of carbon felt, RVC, and carbon-PTFE. The in-situ generated H2O2 then reacts with sparged O3 to yield OH, which can in turn oxidize ozone-refractory DEP toward complete mineralization. In general, satisfactory total organic carbon removal yields (76.4-91.8%) could be obtained after 60min of the E-peroxone treatment with the three carbon-based cathodes, and the highest yield was obtained with the carbon-PTFE cathode due to its highest activity for H2O2 generation. In addition, the carbon-PTFE and carbon felt cathodes exhibited excellent stability over six cycles of the E-peroxone treatment of DEP solutions. Based on the intermediates (e.g., monoethyl phthalate, phthalic acid, phenolics, and carboxylic acids) identified by HPLC-UV, plausible reaction pathways were proposed for DEP mineralization by the E-peroxone process. The results of this study indicate that carbon-based cathodes generally have good electrocatalytic activity and stability for application in extended E-peroxone operations to effectively remove phthalates from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Hou
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yaofei Chu
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weikun Yao
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Seiichi Murayama
- Power and Industrial Systems R&D Center, Toshiba Corporation, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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70
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Papadimitriou T, Kormas K, Dionysiou DD, Laspidou C. Using H 2O 2 treatments for the degradation of cyanobacteria and microcystins in a shallow hypertrophic reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21523-21535. [PMID: 27515523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxins produced by cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems constitute a serious health risk worldwide for humans that may use the affected water bodies for recreation, drinking water, and/or irrigation. Cyanotoxins have also been deemed responsible for loss of animal life in many places around the world. This paper explores the effect of H2O2 treatments on cyanobacteria and microcystins in natural samples from a hypertrophic reservoir in microcosm experiments. According to the results, cyanobacteria were more easily affected by H2O2 than by other phytoplanktonic groups. This was shown by the increase in the fractions of chlorophyll-a (a proxy for phytoplankton) and chlorophyll-b (a proxy for green algae) over total phytoplankton pigments and the decrease in the fraction of phycocyanin (a proxy for cyanobacteria) over total phytoplankton pigments. Thus, while an overall increase in phytoplankton occurred, a preferential decrease in cyanobacteria was observed with H2O2 treatments over a few hours. Moreover, significant degradation of total microcystins was observed under H2O2 treatments, while more microcystins were degraded when UV radiation was used in combination with H2O2. The combination of H2O2 and ultraviolet (UV) treatment in natural samples resulted in total microcystin concentrations that were below the World Health Organization limit for safe consumption of drinking water of 1 μg/L. Although further investigation into the effects of H2O2 addition on ecosystem function must be performed, our results show that the application of H2O2 could be a promising method for the degradation of microcystins in reservoirs and the reduction of public health risks related to the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chrysi Laspidou
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
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71
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Aziz NAA, Palaniandy P, Aziz HA, Dahlan I. Review of the Mechanism and Operational Factors Influencing the Degradation Process of Contaminants in Heterogenous Photocatalysis. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14769685673665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the principles and mechanisms involved in the process of heterogenous photocatalysis. The goal of photocatalysis is to remove persistent organic pollutants as well as microorganisms present in contaminated water. With the help of a semiconductor photocatalyst, solar photons are utilised to generate electron–hole pairs in the oxidation process, forming hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. There are several types of semiconductor photocatalyst available, the most widely used being titanium dioxide (TiO2). The effects of various operating factors influencing the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, such as pH, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration, light intensity and wavelength, and oxidising agents are discussed. Heterogenous photocatalysis technology has been used in wastewater treatment during the last decade, and has been growing in efficiency ever since. From previous studies of different applications, it will be shown that this process is simple, cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly. However, there are some minor disadvantages associated with its use in water purification, which are presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aiin Ab Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Puganeshwary Palaniandy
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hamidi Abdul Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Irvan Dahlan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Zhu C, Fang G, Dionysiou DD, Liu C, Gao J, Qin W, Zhou D. Efficient transformation of DDTs with Persulfate Activation by Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles: A Mechanistic Study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:232-241. [PMID: 27236432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, persulfate (PS) activation by nano-Fe(0) was used to degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and the mechanism of this process was elucidated with EPR, GC-MS and free-radical quenching studies. It was found that DDT was degraded efficiently in PS/nano-Fe(0), and GC-MS analysis showed that benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, dichlorobenzophenone and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane were the dominant products of DDT degradation, while only dechlorination products (DDD and DDE) were observed in nano-Fe(0) without persulfate. EPR results showed that persulfate activation by nano-Fe(0) led to the production of more sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals, which accounted for DDT degradation. But the free radical quenching studies suggested that the addition of ethanol to PS/nano-Fe(0) favored the reductive dechlorination of DDT, which was ascribed that the formed ethanol radical (CH(CH3)OH) enhanced the reductive dechlorination of DDT. Furthermore, the nano-Fe(0) loading not only affected the degradation efficiency of DDT, but also influenced the intermediate product distribution of DDT degradation in the PS/nano-Fe(0) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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73
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Wang F, Wu Y, Gao Y, Li H, Chen Z. Effect of humic acid, oxalate and phosphate on Fenton-like oxidation of microcystin-LR by nanoscale zero-valent iron. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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74
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Zhang BH, Ding ZG, Li HQ, Mou XZ, Zhang YQ, Yang JY, Zhou EM, Li WJ. Algicidal Activity of Streptomyces eurocidicus JXJ-0089 Metabolites and Their Effects on Microcystis Physiology. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5132-43. [PMID: 27316950 PMCID: PMC4988176 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01198-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Copper sulfate (CuSO4) has been widely used as an algicide to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) in freshwater lakes. However, there are increasing concerns about this application, due mainly to the general toxicity of CuSO4 to other aquatic species and its long-term persistence in the environment. This study reported the isolation and characterization of two natural algicidal compounds, i.e., tryptamine and tryptoline, from Streptomyces eurocidicus JXJ-0089. At a concentration of 5 μg/ml, both compounds showed higher algicidal efficiencies than CuSO4 on Microcystis sp. FACHB-905 and some other harmful cyanobacterial strains. Tryptamine and tryptoline treatments induced a degradation of chlorophyll and cell walls of cyanobacteria. These two compounds also significantly increased the intracellular oxidant content, i.e., superoxide anion radical (O2 (-)) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but reduced the activity of intracellular reductants, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), of cyanobacteria. Moreover, tryptamine and tryptoline treatments significantly altered the internal and external contents of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a common cyanotoxin. Like CuSO4, tryptamine and tryptoline led to releases of intracellular MC-LR from Microcystis, but with lower rates than CuSO4 Tryptamine and tryptoline (5 μg/ml) in cyanobacterial cultures were completely degraded within 8 days, while CuSO4 persisted for months. Overall, our results suggest that tryptamine and tryptoline could potentially serve as more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative algicides than CuSO4 in controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in aquatic environments have become a worldwide problem. Numerous efforts have been made to seek means to prevent, control, and mitigate CyanoHABs. Copper sulfate (CuSO4), was once a common algicide to treat and control CyanoHABs. However, its application has become limited due to concerns about its general toxicity to other aquatic species and its long-term persistence in the environment. There is a great need for algicides with higher specificity and low environmental impacts. This study reports the isolation and characterization of two natural algicidal compounds from a streptomycete strain, Streptomyces eurocidicus JXJ-0089. Our results suggest that the identified algicides could potentially serve as more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative algicides than CuSO4 in controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Huo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Gui Ding
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Quan Li
- College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Mou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yuan Yang
- College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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75
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Liu Y, Adewuyi YG. A review on removal of elemental mercury from flue gas using advanced oxidation process: Chemistry and process. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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76
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Zhang X, Li J, Yang JY, Wood KV, Rothwell AP, Li W, Blatchley Iii ER. Chlorine/UV Process for Decomposition and Detoxification of Microcystin-LR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7671-7678. [PMID: 27338715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent hepatotoxin that is often associated with blooms of cyanobacteria. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the chlorine/UV process for MC-LR decomposition and detoxification. Chlorinated MC-LR was observed to be more photoactive than MC-LR. LC/MS analyses confirmed that the arginine moiety represented an important reaction site within the MC-LR molecule for conditions of chlorination below the chlorine demand of the molecule. Prechlorination activated MC-LR toward UV254 exposure by increasing the product of the molar absorption coefficient and the quantum yield of chloro-MC-LR, relative to the unchlorinated molecule. This mechanism of decay is fundamentally different than the conventional view of chlorine/UV as an advanced oxidation process. A toxicity assay based on human liver cells indicated MC-LR degradation byproducts in the chlorine/UV process possessed less cytotoxicity than those that resulted from chlorination or UV254 irradiation applied separately. MC-LR decomposition and detoxification in this combined process were more effective at pH 8.5 than at pH 7.5 or 6.5. These results suggest that the chlorine/UV process could represent an effective strategy for control of microcystins and their associated toxicity in drinking water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Jer-Yen Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Karl V Wood
- Campus-Wide Mass Spectrometry Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arlene P Rothwell
- Campus-Wide Mass Spectrometry Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, China
| | - Ernest R Blatchley Iii
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Division of Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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77
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Xie P, Chen Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Zou J, Wang Z. A mini review of preoxidation to improve coagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:550-563. [PMID: 27153238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preoxidation has attracted people's attention due to its effectiveness in enhancing coagulation. The mechanisms, drawbacks and applications in the improvement of coagulation were summarized in this work. Preoxidation can destroy the organic coating on the surface of particles to change the zeta potential, which is the vital reason for improving coagulation. Co-existing metallic ions, such as calcium, iron and manganese, play important roles in the improvement of coagulation due to the formation of metal-humate complexes or the in situ formed coagulant. However, preoxidation could degrade organic matter from high molecular weight to low molecular weight and damage cell membrane of algae, causing intracellular algal organic matter to release outside and producing hydrophilic functional groups to some extent, which has the potential to deteriorate the water quality. Additionally, disinfection byproduct formation is also affected significantly through changing the characteristics of the organic and inorganic precursors. Based on the recent publications, some future developments of preoxidation process were suggested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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78
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Kamaroddin MF, Hanotu J, Gilmour DJ, Zimmerman WB. In-situ disinfection and a new downstream processing scheme from algal harvesting to lipid extraction using ozone-rich microbubbles for biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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79
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He X, Liu YL, Conklin A, Westrick J, Weavers LK, Dionysiou DD, Lenhart JJ, Mouser PJ, Szlag D, Walker HW. Toxic cyanobacteria and drinking water: Impacts, detection, and treatment. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 54:174-193. [PMID: 28073475 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems are a global issue affecting water supplies on every major continent except Antarctica. The occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in freshwater is increasing in both frequency and distribution. The protection of water supplies has therefore become increasingly more challenging. To reduce the risk from toxic cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water, a multi-barrier approach is needed, consisting of prevention, source control, treatment optimization, and monitoring. In this paper, current research on some of the critical elements of this multi-barrier approach are reviewed and synthesized, with an emphasis on the effectiveness of water treatment technologies for removing cyanobacteria and related toxic compounds. This paper synthesizes and updates a number of previous review articles on various aspects of this multi-barrier approach in order to provide a holistic resource for researchers, water managers and engineers, as well as water treatment plant operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Southern Nevada Water Authority, PO Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193, USA
| | - Yen-Ling Liu
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amanda Conklin
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Judy Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Linda K Weavers
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - John J Lenhart
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paula J Mouser
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Szlag
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Harold W Walker
- Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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80
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Fotiou T, Triantis TM, Kaloudis T, O'Shea KE, Dionysiou DD, Hiskia A. Assessment of the roles of reactive oxygen species in the UV and visible light photocatalytic degradation of cyanotoxins and water taste and odor compounds using C-TiO2. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 90:52-61. [PMID: 26724439 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Visible light (VIS) photocatalysis has large potential as a sustainable water treatment process, however the reaction pathways and degradation processes of organic pollutants are not yet clearly defined. The presence of cyanobacteria cause water quality problems since several genera can produce potent cyanotoxins, harmful to human health. In addition, cyanobacteria produce taste and odor compounds, which pose serious aesthetic problems in drinking water. Although photocatalytic degradation of cyanotoxins and taste and odor compounds have been reported under UV-A light in the presence of TiO2, limited studies have been reported on their degradation pathways by VIS photocatalysis of these problematic compounds. The main objectives of this work were to study the VIS photocatalytic degradation process, define the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved and elucidate the reaction mechanisms. We report carbon doped TiO2 (C-TiO2) under VIS leads to the slow degradation of cyanotoxins, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), while taste and odor compounds, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, were not appreciably degraded. Further studies were carried-out employing several specific radical scavengers (potassium bromide, isopropyl alcohol, sodium azide, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and probes (coumarin) to assess the role of different ROS (hydroxyl radical OH, singlet oxygen (1)O2, superoxide radical anion [Formula: see text] ) in the degradation processes. Reaction pathways of MC-LR and CYN were defined through identification and monitoring of intermediates using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for VIS in comparison with UV-A photocatalytic treatment. The effects of scavengers and probes on the degradation process under VIS, as well as the differences in product distributions under VIS and UV-A, suggested that the main species in VIS photocatalysis is [Formula: see text] , with OH and (1)O2 playing minor roles in the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Fotiou
- Laboratory of Catalytic - Photocatalytic Processes and Environmental Analysis, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros M Triantis
- Laboratory of Catalytic - Photocatalytic Processes and Environmental Analysis, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP SA), Oropou 156, 11146, Galatsi, Athens, Greece
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DBCEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Laboratory of Catalytic - Photocatalytic Processes and Environmental Analysis, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
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81
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Gurbuz F, Ceylan Ş, Odabaşı M, Codd GA. Hepatotoxic microcystin removal using pumice embedded monolithic composite cryogel as an alternative water treatment method. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 90:337-343. [PMID: 26760486 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins are the most commonly encountered water-borne cyanotoxins which present short- and long-term risks to human health. Guidelines at international and national level, and legislation in some countries, have been introduced for the effective health risk management of these potent hepatotoxic, tumour-promoters. The stable cyclic structure of microcystins and their common production by cyanobacteria in waterbodies at times of high total dissolved organic carbon content presents challenges to drinking water treatment facilities, with conventional, advanced and novel strategies under evaluation. Here, we have studied the removal of microcystins using three different forms of pumice particles (PPs), which are embedded into macroporous cryogel columns. Macroporous composite cryogel columns (MCCs) are a new generation of separation media designed to face this challenging task. Three different MCCs were prepared by adding plain PPs, Cu(2+)-attached PPs and Fe(3+)-attached PPs to reaction media before the cryogelation step. Column studies showed that MCCs could be successfully used as an alternative water treatment method for successful microcystin removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gurbuz
- Department of Environmental Engineering University of Aksaray, Aksaray 68200, Turkey.
| | - Şeyda Ceylan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Odabaşı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; School of the Environment, Flinders University Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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82
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A review on factors affecting microcystins production by algae in aquatic environments. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:51. [PMID: 26874538 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-2003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins, a toxin produced by Microcystis aeruginosa have become a global environmental issue in recent years. As a consequence of eutrophication, microcystins have become widely disseminated in drinking water sources, seriously impairing drinking water quality. This review focuses on the relationship between microcystins synthesis and physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors that are significant in controlling their production. Light intensity and temperature are the more important physical factors, and in many cases, an optimum level for these two factors has been observed. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the key chemical factors causing frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms and microcystins production. The absorption of nutrients and metabolic activities of algae are affected by different concentrations and forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to variations in microcystins production Metal ions and emerging pollutants are other significant chemical factors, whose comprehensive impact is still being studied. Algae can also interact with biological agents like predators and competitors in aquatic environments, and such interactions are suggested to promote MCs production and release. This review further highlights areas that require further research in order to gain a better understanding of microcystins production. It provides a theoretical basis for the control of microcystins production and releasing into aquatic environments.
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83
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Potential of Fuzzy-ELECTRE MCDM in Evaluation of Cyanobacterial Toxins Removal Methods. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-016-2032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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84
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Ju P, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang D. Controllable one-pot synthesis of a nest-like Bi2WO6/BiVO4 composite with enhanced photocatalytic antifouling performance under visible light irradiation. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:4588-602. [PMID: 26846790 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel visible-light-sensitive Bi2WO6/BiVO4 composite photocatalyst was controllably synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The Bi2WO6/BiVO4 composite exhibited a perfect nest-like hierarchical microsphere structure, which was constructed by the self-assembly of nanoplates with the assistance of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The growth mechanism of the Bi2WO6/BiVO4 composite and the effect of its structure on its photocatalytic performance was investigated and proposed. Experimental results showed that the Bi2WO6/BiVO4 composites displayed enhanced photocatalytic antifouling activities under visible light irradiation compared to pure Bi2WO6 and BiVO4. Bi2WO6/BiVO4-1 exhibited the best photocatalytic antifouling performance, and almost all (99.99%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria were killed within 30 min. Moreover, the Bi2WO6/BiVO4-1 composite exhibited excellent stability and reusability in the cycled experiments. The photocatalytic antifouling mechanism was proposed based on the active species trapping experiments, revealing that the photo-induced holes (h(+)) and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) could attack the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane directly and lead to the death of bacteria. The obviously enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Bi2WO6/BiVO4-1 composite could be mainly attributed to the formation of heterojunctions, accelerating the separation of photo-induced electrons and holes. Furthermore, the large BET surface area combined with the wide photoabsorption region further improved the photocatalytic performance of the Bi2WO6/BiVO4-1 composite. This study provides a new strategy to develop novel composite photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance for marine antifouling and water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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85
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Zhang BH, Chen W, Li HQ, Yang JY, Zha DM, Duan YQ, N Hozzein W, Xiao M, Gao R, Li WJ. L-valine, an antialgal amino acid from Streptomyces jiujiangensis JXJ 0074(T). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4627-36. [PMID: 26767990 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An antialgal compound was isolated from the cultured broth of Streptomyces jiujiangensis JXJ 0074(T) by using bioassay methods. Based on the data of (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, ESI-MS, and thin layer chromatography, the active compound was identified as L-valine, which showed antialgal activity mainly against Microcystis. L-valine exhibited greater antialgal activities than both L-lysine and copper sulfate (CuSO4) did on Microcystis aeruginosa lawn. However, M. aeruginosa recovered growth earlier with higher growth rate in L-valine treatment than in L-lysine treatment. L-valine dissipated completely within 2 days, much quicker than L-lysine (6 days), which resulted in the lysing of more than 80 % M. aeruginosa cells and the release of amount of intracellular microcystin-LR (MC-LR) within 2 days. As a resultant, the extracellular MC-LR content was more than twice of the control from day 1 to 5. Exposure to L-valine significantly promoted the synthesis of MC-LR. L-lysine also promoted the release and synthesis of MC-LR with much lesser efficiency than L-valine. L-valine could damage Microcystis severely, causing perforation and collapse of M. aeruginosa cells and decrease of the chlorophyll. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in L-valine-treated cells of M. aeruginosa initially increased with 32.94 ± 3.37 % higher than the control after 36 h and then decreased quickly. However, the increase rate of superoxide anion radical (O2 (-)) was much higher than that of SOD, which resulted in serious lipid peroxidation and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). To our knowledge, this is the first report showing L-valine active against cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Huo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, 650231, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Quan Li
- College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yuan Yang
- College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Ming Zha
- College of Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Duan
- China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, 650231, People's Republic of China
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair (BRC), College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gao
- China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, 650231, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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86
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Couto N, Guedes P, Ferreira AR, Teixeira MR, Mateus EP, Ribeiro AB. ELECTRODIALYTIC PROCESS OF NANOFILTRATION CONCENTRATES – PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY AND MICROCYSTINS REMOVAL. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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87
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Li L, Zhang H, Huang Q. New insight into the residual inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa by dielectric barrier discharge. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13683. [PMID: 26347270 PMCID: PMC4561898 DOI: 10.1038/srep13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the new insight into the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) induced inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa, the dominant algae which caused harmful cyanobacterial blooms in many developing countries. In contrast with the previous work, we employed flow cytometry to examine the algal cells, so that we could assess the dead and living cells with more accuracy, and distinguish an intermediate state of algal cells which were verified as apoptotic. Our results showed that the numbers of both dead and apoptotic cells increased with DBD treatment delay time, and hydrogen peroxide produced by DBD was the main reason for the time-delayed inactivation effect. However, apart from the influence of hydrogen peroxide, the DBD-induced initial injures on the algal cells during the discharge period also played a considerable role in the inactivation of the DBD treated cells, as indicated by the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the algal cells. We therefore propose an effective approach to utilization of non-thermal plasma technique that makes good use of the residual inactivation effect to optimize the experimental conditions in terms of discharge time and delay time, so that more efficient treatment of cyanobacterial blooms can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Institute of Biotechnology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Institute of Biotechnology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Institute of Biotechnology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031.,The University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P.R. China
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88
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An antialgal compound produced by Streptomyces jiujiangensis JXJ 0074(T). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7673-83. [PMID: 25971195 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations suggested that Streptomyces jiujiangensis JXJ 0074(T) can secrete antialgal compounds. In this study, an antialgal compound was isolated from the cultured broth of S. jiujiangensis JXJ 0074(T) by using bioassay methods. Based on spectroscopic data, the active compound was identified as 2'-deoxyadenosine, which exhibited a greater antialgal activity against cyanobacteria than its analogues such as adenosine, guanosine, and 2'-deoxyguanosine. The antialgal activity of 2'-deoxyadenosine increased with the content and time. 2'-Deoxyadenosine severely damaged the vegetative cells of cyanobacteria, causing crumpling, collapse, expanding, perforation, breakage of filamentous cyanobacteria, and decrease of the chlorophyll. However, 2'-deoxyadenosine seemed to have less impact on the morphology of heterocysts of filamentous cyanobacteria. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the treated cells of M. aeruginosa FACHB-905 initially increased with 31.14 ± 2.00% higher than that of the control after 36 h and then decreased quickly. On the same time, there were rapid increases in superoxide anion radical (O2 (-)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents with 315.53 ± 12.81 and 84.72 ± 6.15% higher than these of the controls at 60 h, respectively. The intracellular microcystin-LR (MC-LR) content in the treated cells of M. aeruginosa FACHB-905 increased by 36.34 ± 7.35% 1 day later, followed by a rapid decrease with a rate of 90.50 ± 1.08% 8 days later, while the extracellular MC-LR content showed no significant difference with the control. Five days after adding 15 μg/ml of 2'-deoxyadenosine to the culture of M. aeruginosa FACHB-905, there was no 2'-deoxyadenosine detected by HPLC, suggesting that 2'-deoxyadenosine completely degraded. This study provides a new clue to screen natural-based antialgal compounds from nucleoside analogues.
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89
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He X, de la Cruz AA, Hiskia A, Kaloudis T, O'Shea K, Dionysiou DD. Destruction of microcystins (cyanotoxins) by UV-254 nm-based direct photolysis and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): influence of variable amino acids on the degradation kinetics and reaction mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 74:227-238. [PMID: 25744186 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) are the most frequently detected group of cyanobacterial toxins. This study investigated the degradation of common MC variants in water, MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LA, by UV-254 nm-based processes, UV only, UV/H2O2, UV/S2O8(2-) and UV/HSO5(-). Limited direct photolysis of MCs was observed, while the addition of an oxidant significantly improved the degradation efficiency with an order of UV/S2O8(2-) > UV/HSO5(-) > UV/H2O2 at the same initial molar concentration of the oxidant. The removal of MC-LR by UV/H2O2 appeared to be faster than another cyanotoxin, cylindrospermopsin, at either the same initial molar concentration or the same initial organic carbon concentration of the toxin. It suggested a faster reaction of MC-LR with hydroxyl radical, which was further supported by the determined second-order rate constant of MCs with hydroxyl radical. Both isomerization and photohydration byproducts were observed in UV only process for all four MCs; while in UV/H2O2, hydroxylation and diene-Adda double bond cleavage byproducts were detected. The presence of a tyrosine in the structure of MC-YR significantly promoted the formation of monohydroxylation byproduct m/z 1061; while the presence of a second arginine in MC-RR led to the elimination of a guanidine group and the absence of double bond cleavage byproducts. It was therefore demonstrated in this study that the variable amino acids in the structure of MCs influenced not only the degradation kinetics but also the preferable reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Armah A de la Cruz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and Microsystems, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP SA), Oropou 156, 11146 Galatsi, Athens, Greece
| | - Kevin O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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90
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Hawari A, Ramadan H, Abu-Reesh I, Ouederni M. A comparative study of the treatment of ethylene plant spent caustic by neutralization and classical and advanced oxidation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 151:105-112. [PMID: 25546845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of spent caustic produced from an ethylene plant was investigated. In the case of neutralization alone it was found that the maximum removal of sulfide was at pH values below 5.5. The higher percentage removal of sulfides (99% at pH = 1.5) was accompanied with the highest COD removal (88%). For classical oxidation using H2O2 the maximum COD removal percentage reached 89% at pH = 2.5 and at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 19 mM/L. For the advanced oxidation using Fenton's process it was found that the maximum COD removal of 96.5% was achieved at a hydrogen peroxide/ferrous sulfate ratio of (7:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Hawari
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Hasanat Ramadan
- Environmental Engineering Master Program, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim Abu-Reesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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91
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Liu S, Zhao Y, Ma F, Ma L, O'shea K, Zhao C, Hu X, Wu M. Control of Microcystis aeruginosa growth and associated microcystin cyanotoxin remediation by electron beam irradiation (EBI). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EBI treatment of microcystin in the cell and free in the solution. High dose of EBI leads to high removal percentage of MC in the cell and free in the solution. Correlation between Chl-a and MC concentration was studied under EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- P.R. China
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
| | - Yueping Zhao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- P.R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin 150090
- P.R. China
| | - Liyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Kevin O'shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Cen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- P.R. China
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- P.R. China
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92
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Abstract
This paper reports a new application of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in analysis of oxidation of glutathione to oxidized glutathione, an important biochemical redox reaction in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
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93
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Jiang W, Chen L, Batchu SR, Gardinali PR, Jasa L, Marsalek B, Zboril R, Dionysiou DD, O'Shea KE, Sharma VK. Oxidation of microcystin-LR by ferrate(VI): kinetics, degradation pathways, and toxicity assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12164-12172. [PMID: 25215438 DOI: 10.1021/es5030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the potent cyanotoxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), in drinking water sources poses a serious risk to public health. The kinetics of the reactivity of ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)O4(2-), Fe(VI)) with MC-LR and model compounds (sorbic acid, sorbic alcohol, and glycine anhydride) are reported over a range of solution pH. The degradation of MC-LR followed second-order kinetics with the bimolecular rate constant (kMCLR+Fe(VI)) decreasing from 1.3 ± 0.1 × 10(2) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7.5 to 8.1 ± 0.08 M(-1) s(-1) at pH 10.0. The specific rate constants for the individual ferrate species were determined and compared with a number of common chemical oxidants employed for water treatment. Detailed product studies using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) indicated the oxidized products (OPs) were primarily the result of hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, double bond of the methyldehydroalanine (Mdha) amino acid residue, and diene functionality. Products studies also indicate fragmentation of the cyclic MC-LR structure occurs under the reaction conditions. The analysis of protein phosphatase (PP1) activity suggested that the degradation byproducts of MC-LR did not possess significant biological toxicity. Fe(VI) was effective for the degradation MC-LR in water containing carbonate ions and fulvic acid (FA) and in lake water samples, but higher Fe(VI) dosages would be needed to completely remove MC-LR in lake water compared to deionized water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University , 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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94
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He X, de la Cruz AA, O'Shea KE, Dionysiou DD. Kinetics and mechanisms of cylindrospermopsin destruction by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 63:168-178. [PMID: 25000199 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent cyanobacterial toxin frequently found in water bodies worldwide raising concerns over the safety of drinking and recreational waters. A number of technologies have been investigated to remove and/or degrade cyanotoxins with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) being among the most promising and effective for water detoxification. In this study, the degradation of CYN by sulfate radical-based UV-254 nm-AOPs was evaluated. The UV/S2O8(2-) (UV/peroxydisulfate) was more efficient than UV/HSO5(-) (UV/peroxysulfate) and UV/H2O2 (UV/hydrogen peroxide) processes when natural water samples were used as reaction matrices. The observed UV fluence based pseudo-first-order rate constants followed the expected order of radical quantum yields. The presence of 200 μM natural organic matter (NOM) as carbon slightly inhibited the destruction of CYN; 1.24 mg L(-1)NO3(-) (nitrate) had no significant influence on the removal efficiency and 50 μg L(-1) Fe(2+) [iron (2+)] or Cu(2+) [copper (2+)] improved the performance of UV/S2O8(2-). The addition of tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH; hydroxyl radical scavenger) in the reaction yielded byproducts that indicated specific sites in CYN preferentially attacked by sulfate radicals (SRs). The predominant CYN degradation byproduct was P448 consistent with fragmentation of the C5C6 bond of the uracil ring. The subsequent formation of P420 and P392 through a stepwise loss of carbonyl group(s) further supported the fragmentation pathway at C5C6. The byproduct P432 was identified exclusively as mono-hydroxylation of CYN at tricyclic guanidine ring, whereas P414 was detected as dehydrogenation at the tricyclic ring. The elimination of sulfate group and the opening of tricyclic ring were also observed. The possible degradation pathways of CYN by SR-AOP were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; NIREAS-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, United States
| | - Armah A de la Cruz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; NIREAS-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, United States.
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95
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Yan S, Zhang D, Song W. Mechanistic considerations of photosensitized transformation of microcystin-LR (cyanobacterial toxin) in aqueous environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:111-118. [PMID: 25016104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of the most common cyanotoxins, is produced by harmful cyanobacteria. The current study focuses on the photosensitized transformation of MC-LR in dissolved organic matter (DOM) enriched solutions under solar simulated irradiation. It appears that the direct energy transfer of triplet excited state DOM with MC-LR plays a key role and leads to photosensitized isomerization of Adda side chain. Furthermore a micro-heterogeneous mechanism has been proposed. Size exclude chromatograph (SEC) has been applied to explore the adsorption of MC-LR on the DOM. The adsorption phenomenon supported the fact that the pseudo first-order photodegradation rates showed positive correlation with the adsorption. The photo-transformation rate of MC-LR increases as pH decreases which is also the result of the adsorptive interaction of MC-LR with DOM. Finally two bulk water parameters (TOC and UV350 nm) have been applied to predict the photodegradation rates of MC-LR in the varied water matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Danny Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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96
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Li ZJ, Ali G, Kim HJ, Yoo SH, Cho SO. LiFePO4 microcrystals as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst in degradation of rhodamine 6G. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:276. [PMID: 24948896 PMCID: PMC4051962 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst of LiFePO4 (LFP). LFP has been widely used as an electrode material of a lithium ion battery, but we observed that commercial LFP (LFP-C) could act as a good Fenton-like catalyst to decompose rhodamine 6G. The catalytic activity of LFP-C microparticles was much higher than a popular catalyst, magnetite nanoparticles. Furthermore, we found that the catalytic activity of LFP-C could be further increased by increasing the specific surface area. The reaction rate constant of the hydrothermally synthesized LFP microcrystals (LFP-H) is at least 18 times higher than that of magnetite nanoparticles even though the particle size of LFP is far larger than magnetite nanoparticles. The LFP catalysts also exhibited a good recycling behavior and high stability under an oxidizing environment. The effects of the experimental parameters such as the concentration of the catalysts, pH, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide on the catalytic activity of LFP were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Jun Li
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghafar Ali
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Yoo
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Oh Cho
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305701, Republic of Korea
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97
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He X, Zhang G, de la Cruz AA, O'Shea KE, Dionysiou DD. Degradation mechanism of cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin by hydroxyl radicals in homogeneous UV/H₂O₂ process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4495-4504. [PMID: 24625255 DOI: 10.1021/es403732s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a widely distributed and highly toxic cyanobacterial toxin (cyanotoxin), remains poorly elucidated. In this study, the mechanism of CYN destruction by UV-254 nm/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) was investigated by mass spectrometry. Various byproducts identified indicated three common reaction pathways: hydroxyl addition (+16 Da), alcoholic oxidation or dehydrogenation (-2 Da), and elimination of sulfate (-80 Da). The initiation of the degradation was observed at the hydroxymethyl uracil and tricyclic guanidine groups; uracil moiety cleavage/fragmentation and further ring-opening of the alkaloid were also noted at an extended reaction time or higher UV fluence. The degradation rates of CYN decreased and less byproducts (species) were detected using natural water matrices; however, CYN was effectively eliminated under extended UV irradiation. This study demonstrates the efficiency of CYN degradation and provides a better understanding of the mechanism of CYN degradation by hydroxyl radical, a reactive oxygen species that can be generated by most AOPs and is present in natural water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0012, United States
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98
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99
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Liang Y, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y. Preparation and characterization of TiO2–Graphene@Fe3O4 magnetic composite and its application in the removal of trace amounts of microcystin-LR. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08258c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and feasible approach is presented to prepare a novel magnetic photocatalyst TiO2–graphene@Fe3O4 composite exhibiting a superior performance in the removal of trace microcystin-LR in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology
- Research Center for Analytical Science
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology
- Research Center for Analytical Science
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Langxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology
- Research Center for Analytical Science
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology
- Research Center for Analytical Science
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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100
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Dbira S, Bedoui A, Bensalah N. Investigations on the Degradation of Triazine Herbicides in Water by Photo-Fenton Process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2014.58059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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