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Peterson SJ, Dave N, Kothari J. The Effects of Heme Oxygenase Upregulation on Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1061-1070. [PMID: 31880952 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Obesity is a chronic condition that is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress with consequent cardiovascular complications of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and vascular dysfunction. Obesity-induced metabolic syndrome remains an epidemic of global proportions. Recent Advances: Gene targeting of the endothelium with a retrovirus using an endothelium-specific promoter vascular endothelium cadherin (VECAD)-HO-1 offers a potential long-term solution to adiposity by targeting the endothelium. This has resulted in improvements of both vascular function and adiposity attenuation. Critical Issues: Heme oxygenase plays an ever-increasing role in the understanding of human biology in the complex conditions of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) system creates biliverdin/bilirubin, which functions as an antioxidant, and carbon monoxide, which has antiapoptotic properties. Future Directions: Upregulation of HO-1 has been shown to improve adiposity as well as vascular function in both animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Niel Dave
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Janish Kothari
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
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Song X, Long D. Nrf2 and Ferroptosis: A New Research Direction for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:267. [PMID: 32372896 PMCID: PMC7186402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a kind of regulated cell death (RCD) caused by the redox state disorder of intracellular microenvironment controlled by glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which is inhibited by iron chelators and lipophilic antioxidants. In addition to classical regulatory mechanisms, new regulatory factors for ferroptosis have been discovered in recent years, such as the P53 pathway, the activating transcription factor (ATF)3/4 pathway, Beclin 1 (BECN1) pathway, and some non-coding RNA. Ferroptosis is closely related to cancer treatment, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia–reperfusion of organ, neurotoxicity, and others, in particular, in the field of neurodegenerative diseases treatment has aroused people’s interest. The nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2/NFE2L2) has been proved to play a key role in neurodegenerative disease treatment and ferroptosis regulation. Ferroptosis promotes the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, while the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes (Ho-1, Nqo-1, and Trx) has been declined with aging; therefore, there is still insufficient evidence for ferroptosis and Nrf2 regulatory networks in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms, as well as an emphasis on the mechanism of Nrf2 regulating ferroptosis. We also highlight the role of ferroptosis and Nrf2 during the process of neurodegenerative diseases and investigate a theoretical basis for further research on the relationship between Nrf2 and ferroptosis in the process of neurodegenerative diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Song
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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53
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The HO-1 Signal Prevents HMGB1-Mediated Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury In Vitro. J Surg Res 2020; 247:335-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Functional Role of p53 in the Regulation of Chemical-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6039769. [PMID: 32190175 PMCID: PMC7066401 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6039769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor p53, discovered in 1979, has a broad range of biological functions, primarily the regulation of apoptosis, the cell cycle, and DNA repair. In addition to these canonical functions, a growing body of evidence suggests that p53 plays an important role in regulating intracellular redox homeostasis through transcriptional and nontranscriptional mechanisms. Oxidative stress induction and p53 activation are common responses to chemical exposure and are suggested to play critical roles in chemical-induced toxicity. The activation of p53 can exert either prooxidant or antioxidant activity, depending on the context. In this review, we discuss the functional role of p53 in regulating chemical-induced oxidative stress, summarize the potential signaling pathways involved in p53's regulation of chemically mediated oxidative stress, and propose issues that should be addressed in future studies to improve understanding of the relationship between p53 and chemical-induced oxidative stress.
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Nitti M, Furfaro AL, Mann GE. Heme Oxygenase Dependent Bilirubin Generation in Vascular Cells: A Role in Preventing Endothelial Dysfunction in Local Tissue Microenvironment? Front Physiol 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 32082188 PMCID: PMC7000760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among antioxidants in the human body, bilirubin has been recognized over the past 20 years to afford protection against different chronic conditions, including inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Moderate increases in plasma concentration and cellular bilirubin generation from metabolism of heme via heme oxygenase (HMOX) in virtually all tissues can modulate endothelial and vascular function and exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and critical overview of the molecular mechanisms by which bilirubin derived from plasma or from HMOX1 activation in vascular cells affects endothelial function. Understanding the molecular actions of bilirubin may critically improve the management not only of key cardiovascular diseases, but also provide insights into a broad spectrum of pathologies driven by endothelial dysfunction. In this context, therapeutic interventions aimed at mildly increasing serum bilirubin as well as bilirubin generated endogenously by endothelial HMOX1 should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Tan X, Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang P, Deng R, Mao Y, He J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ding J, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Dong W, Chen G. Luteolin Exerts Neuroprotection via Modulation of the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1551. [PMID: 32038239 PMCID: PMC6985769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of neuronal oxidative stress is involved in the progression of secondary brain injury (SBI) following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, we investigated the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of luteolin on ICH-induced SBI. Autologous blood and oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) were used to establish in vivo and in vitro models of ICH, respectively. Luteolin treatment effectively alleviated brain edema and ameliorated neurobehavioral dysfunction and memory loss in vivo. Also, in vivo, we found that luteolin promoted the activation of the sequestosome 1 (p62)/kelch‐like enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase (ECH)‐associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway by enhancing autophagy and increasing the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus. Meanwhile, luteolin inhibited the ubiquitination of Nrf2 and increased the expression levels of downstream antioxidant proteins, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH): quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This effect of luteolin was also confirmed in vitro, which was reversed by the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ). Additionally, we found that luteolin inhibited the production of neuronal mitochondrial superoxides (MitoSOX) and alleviated neuronal mitochondrial injury in vitro, as indicated via tetrachloro-tetraethylbenzimidazol carbocyanine-iodide (JC-1) staining and MitoSOX staining. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that luteolin enhances autophagy and anti-oxidative processes in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH, and that activation of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, is involved in such luteolin-induced neuroprotection. Hence, luteolin may represent a promising candidate for the treatment of ICH-induced SBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruming Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiguang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yibin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanli Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhang H, Jin Y, Wang M, Loor JJ, Wang H. N-Carbamylglutamate and l-arginine supplementation improve hepatic antioxidant status in intrauterine growth-retarded suckling lambs. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11173-11181. [PMID: 35495302 PMCID: PMC9050450 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of dietary supplementation of l-arginine (Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on the hepatic antioxidant status in intrauterine-growth-retarded (IUGR) suckling lambs remains unclear. The current work aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms whereby dietary Arg or NCG alter hepatic antioxidant status in suckling lambs suffering from IUGR. Forty-eight newborn Hu lambs of normal birth weight (CON) and IUGR were allocated randomly into four groups of 12 animals each: CON (4.25 ± 0.14 kg), IUGR (3.01 ± 0.12 kg), IUGR + 1% Arg (2.99 ± 0.13 kg), or IUGR + 0.1% NCG (3.03 ± 0.11 kg). All lambs were raised for a period of 21 days from 7 to 28 days after birth. Compared with the IUGR suckling animals, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were greater (P < 0.05), and protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were reduced (P < 0.05) in the livers of both IUGR + 1% Arg and 0.1% NCG suckling animals. Relative to IUGR suckling lambs, supplementing with Arg or NCG markedly reduced (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, apoptosis, and necrosis in liver. Relative to IUGR suckling lambs, protein and mRNA expression of GSH-Px1, SOD2, catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), and epithelial NO synthase (eNOS) increased in IUGR animals receiving Arg or NCG (P < 0.05). Both Arg and NCG can protect neonates from IUGR-induced hepatic oxidative damage through promoting the expression of antioxidative enzymes (including SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px), phase II metabolizing enzymes, and activation of the NO pathway. The influence of dietary supplementation of l-arginine (Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on the hepatic antioxidant status in intrauterine-growth-retarded (IUGR) suckling lambs remains unclear.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Jin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- P. R. China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- P. R. China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences
- University of Illinois
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- P. R. China
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58
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Zhang F, Guan W, Fu Z, Zhou L, Guo W, Ma Y, Gong Y, Jiang W, Liang H, Zhou H. Relationship between Serum Indirect Bilirubin Level and Insulin Sensitivity: Results from Two Independent Cohorts of Obese Patients with Impaired Glucose Regulation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:5681296. [PMID: 32802055 PMCID: PMC7411450 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5681296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum bilirubin is an endogenous antioxidant that has protective effects against obesity-related metabolic diseases. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) and their relationships with insulin sensitivity in obese patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus (IGR/T2DM) in China. Patients and Methods. Cohort 1 comprised obese patients (n = 71) was divided into the IGR/T2DM group (n = 38, obesity with IGR/T2DM) and control group (n = 33, obesity without IGR/T2DM). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique (HEC) with glucose disposal rate (GDR, M value). Cohort 2 comprised obese patients with IGR/T2DM who underwent metabolic surgery (n = 109) as complementary to cohort 1. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated with the Matsuda Index and homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS). RESULTS In cohort 1, TBIL, DBIL, and IBIL were higher within the physiological range in the IGR/T2DM group compared with the control group; IBIL was positively correlated with M value (r = 0.342, p=0.044) in the IGR/T2DM group, and multivariate logistic regression showed that IBIL might be independent protective factors against insulin resistance (odds ratio (OR) = 0.602; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.413-0.878; p=0.008). In cohort 2, at 1 month after metabolic surgery, serum bilirubin levels (TBIL, DBIL, and IBIL) increased, and the percentage change in IBIL was positively correlated with the change of the Matsuda Index (r = 0.195, p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS The relationships between different types of bilirubin and insulin sensitivity varied. Serum indirect bilirubin might be a protective factor that enhances insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wanzi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Hemolysis Derived Products Toxicity and Endothelium: Model of the Second Hit. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110660. [PMID: 31766155 PMCID: PMC6891750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are multifactorial, often requiring multiple challenges, or ‘hits’, for their initiation. Intra-vascular hemolysis illustrates well the multiple-hit theory where a first event lyses red blood cells, releasing hemolysis-derived products, in particular cell-free heme which is highly toxic for the endothelium. Physiologically, hemolysis derived-products are rapidly neutralized by numerous defense systems, including haptoglobin and hemopexin which scavenge hemoglobin and heme, respectively. Likewise, cellular defense mechanisms are involved, including heme-oxygenase 1 upregulation which metabolizes heme. However, in cases of intra-vascular hemolysis, those systems are overwhelmed. Heme exerts toxic effects by acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern and promoting, together with hemoglobin, nitric oxide scavenging and ROS production. In addition, it activates the complement and the coagulation systems. Together, these processes lead to endothelial cell injury which triggers pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Moreover, among endothelial cells, glomerular ones display a particular susceptibility explained by a weaker capacity to counteract hemolysis injury. In this review, we illustrate the ‘multiple-hit’ theory through the example of intra-vascular hemolysis, with a particular focus on cell-free heme, and we advance hypotheses explaining the glomerular susceptibility observed in hemolytic diseases. Finally, we describe therapeutic options for reducing endothelial injury in hemolytic diseases.
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60
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Raffaele M, Carota G, Sferrazzo G, Licari M, Barbagallo I, Sorrenti V, Signorelli SS, Vanella L. Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase Antioxidant Activity Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080277. [PMID: 31387260 PMCID: PMC6719023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the development of hepatic fibrosis is caused by changes in redox balance, leading to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NAFLD patients are at risk of progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), associated to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), coronary heart disease and stroke. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potent endogenous antioxidant gene that plays a key role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present work was directed to determine whether use of an inhibitor of HO-1 activity affects lipid metabolism and fibrosis process in hepatic cells. Oil Red assay and mRNA analysis were used to evaluate the triglycerides content and the lipid metabolism pathway in HepG2 cells. ROS measurement, RT-PCR and Soluble collagen assay were used to assess the intracellular oxidant, the fibrosis pathway and the soluble collagen in LX2 cells. The activity of HO-1 was inhibited using Tin Mesoporphyrin IX (SnMP). Our study demonstrates that a non-functional HO system results in an increased lipid storage and collagen release in hepatocytes. Consequently, an increase of HO-1 levels may provide a therapeutic approach to address the metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD and its progression to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sferrazzo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Licari
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore S Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Neuroprotective Potential of GDF11: Myth or Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143563. [PMID: 31330871 PMCID: PMC6679312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, aging is accompanied by cellular and functional deficiencies that promote vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders. In blood plasma from young and old animals, various factors such as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), whose levels are elevated in young animals, have been identified. The blood concentrations of these factors appear to be inversely correlated with the age-related decline of neurogenesis. The identification of GDF11 as a "rejuvenating factor" opens up perspectives for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. As a pro-neurogenic and pro-angiogenic agent, GDF11 may constitute a basis for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
Two studies in this issue position the stabilization of the transcription factor BACH1 as a critical node in the metastasis of lung cancer and propose two new therapeutic approaches for this leading cause of cancer-related deaths (Lignitto et al., 2019; Wiel et al., 2019).
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Kim Y, Park J, Choi YK. The Role of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System Focused on BK Channel and Heme Oxygenase Metabolites: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050121. [PMID: 31060341 PMCID: PMC6562853 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca2+, K+) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair via angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and synapse modulation. After CNS injury, astrocytes communicate with surrounding neuronal and vascular systems, leading to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, and α-synuclein. The astrocytic big conductance K+ (BK) channel plays a role in these processes. Recently, potential therapeutic agents that target astrocytes have been tested for their potential to repair the brain. In this review, we discuss the role of the BK channel and antioxidant agents such as heme oxygenase metabolites following CNS injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocytes’ functions in the healthy and diseased brains will greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches following CNS injury, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jinhong Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Yao Q, Jiang X, Kou L, Samuriwo AT, Xu HL, Zhao YZ. Pharmacological actions and therapeutic potentials of bilirubin in islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104256. [PMID: 31054312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is the experimental strategy to treat type 1 diabetes by transplanting isolated islets from a donor pancreas into the recipient. While significant progress has been made in the islet transplantation field, islet loss before and after transplantation is still the major obstacle that currently precludes its widespread application. Islet must survive from possible cellular damages during the isolation procedure, storage time, islet injection process and post-transplantation immune rejection, only then the survived islets could produce insulin, actively regulating the blood glucose level. Therefore, islet protection needs to be addressed, especially regarding oxidative stress and immune response induced islet cell damages in diabetic patients. Many clinical data have shown that mildly elevated bilirubin levels in the body negatively correlate to the occurrence of an array of diseases that are related to increased oxidative stress, especially diabetes, and its complications. Recent studies confirmed that bilirubin helps receivers to suppress immune reaction and enable prolonged tolerance to islet transplantation. In this paper, we will review the pharmacological mechanism of bilirubin to modulate oxidative cellular damage and chronic inflammatory reaction in both diabetes and islet transplantation process. Also, we will present the clinical evidence of a strong correlation in bilirubin and diabetes. More importantly, we will summarize undergoing therapeutic applications of bilirubin in islet transplantation and discuss formulation approaches designed to overcome bilirubin delivery issues for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Adelaide T Samuriwo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - He-Lin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Sharma Y. Veiled Potential of Secretagogin in Diabetes: Correlation or Coincidence? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:234-243. [PMID: 30772140 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a calcium sensor protein enriched in neuroendocrine cells in general and pancreatic β-cells in particular. SCGN regulates insulin secretion through several Ca2+-dependent interactions. Recent studies implicate SCGN in the β-cell physiology and extracellular insulin function, making it an intriguing candidate in diabetes research. Here, we propose a conjoining theme of diversified SCGN function in diabetes pathology. In our opinion, SCGN is an attractive therapeutic candidate ascribed by its role in β-cell maintenance and neuronal functions and in the efficacy of insulin. To scrutinize the therapeutic prospects of SCGN, we abridge putative diabetes-related properties of SCGN and put forth strategies to determine the precise role of SCGN in the pathogenesis/preclusion of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Yogendra Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Maamoun H, Benameur T, Pintus G, Munusamy S, Agouni A. Crosstalk Between Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Endothelial Dysfunction and Aberrant Angiogenesis Associated With Diabetes: A Focus on the Protective Roles of Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1. Front Physiol 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30804804 PMCID: PMC6378556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes prevalence is continuing to rise worldwide due to physical inactivity and obesity epidemic. Diabetes and fluctuations of blood sugar are related to multiple micro- and macrovascular complications, that are attributed to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activation and inflammatory processes, which lead to endothelial dysfunction characterized, among other features, by reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) and aberrant angiogenic capacity. Several enzymatic anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents have been found to play protective roles against oxidative stress and its downstream signaling pathways. Of particular interest, heme oxygenase (HO) isoforms, specifically HO-1, have attracted much attention as major cytoprotective players in conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. HO operates as a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of degradation of the iron-containing molecule, heme, yielding the following byproducts: carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin. Because HO-1 induction was linked to pro-oxidant states, it has been regarded as a marker of oxidative stress; however, accumulating evidence has established multiple cytoprotective roles of the enzyme in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The cytoprotective effects of HO-1 depend on several cellular mechanisms including the generation of bilirubin, an anti-oxidant molecule, from the degradation of heme; the induction of ferritin, a strong chelator of free iron; and the release of CO, that displays multiple anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. The current review article describes the major molecular mechanisms contributing to endothelial dysfunction and altered angiogenesis in diabetes with a special focus on the interplay between oxidative stress and ER stress response. The review summarizes the key cytoprotective roles of HO-1 against hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and aberrant angiogenesis and discusses the major underlying cellular mechanisms associated with its protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Maamoun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Benameur
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Chenet AL, Duarte AR, de Almeida FJS, Andrade CMB, de Oliveira MR. Carvacrol Depends on Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to Exert Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Mitochondria-Related Protection in the Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Line Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:884-896. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tsai MT, Tarng DC. Beyond a Measure of Liver Function-Bilirubin Acts as a Potential Cardiovascular Protector in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010117. [PMID: 30597982 PMCID: PMC6337523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is a well-known neurotoxin in newborn infants; however, current evidence has shown that a higher serum bilirubin concentration in physiological ranges is associated with a lower risk for the development and progression of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. The protective mechanisms of bilirubin in CVD, CKD, and associated mortality may be ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Bilirubin further improves insulin sensitivity, reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and inhibits platelet activation in at-risk individuals. These effects are expected to maintain normal vascular homeostasis and thus reduce the incidence of CKD and the risks of cardiovascular complications and death. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the biological actions of bilirubin in the pathogenesis of CVD and CKD progression, and further propose that targeting bilirubin metabolism could be a potential approach to ameliorate morbidity and mortality in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
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69
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He J, Zhang X, Lian C, Wu J, Fang Y, Ye X. KEAP1/NRF2 axis regulates H 2O 2-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. Gene 2018; 691:8-17. [PMID: 30594636 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In human pancreatic β-cells, oxidative stress and cellular injures can be induced by H2O2 treatment. The KEAP1/NRF2 axis is a key antioxidant signaling pathway. The present study attempted to elucidate the mechanism by which the KEAP1/NRF2 axis mediates oxidative stress-induced death in pancreatic β-cells. Our data showed that H2O2 treatment obviously induced the apoptosis of β-cells. Further experiments demonstrated that KEAP1 expression was downregulated in H2O2-treated pancreatic β-cells and this change correlated with increase in the cellular abundance and nuclear translocation of NRF2. The restoration of KEAP1 expression in cells resulted in a recovery of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that KEAP1 overexpression negatively regulated the abundance of NRF2, subsequently causing decreased antioxidant response element activation. This led to HO-1 protein downregulation in H2O2-treated human pancreatic β-cells, which was also observed in NRF2-silenced β-cells. Conversely, the silencing of KEAP1 led to NRF2 upregulation and inhibited ARE and HO-1 signaling in pancreatic β-cells. The increase in the abundance of NRF2 following treatment with H2O2 drastically elevated the production of BAX, FAS, FAS-L, CASP-3, and CASP-9, and this change was reversed by KEAP1 overexpression or NRF2 silencing. Taken together, H2O2 treatment activated KEAP1/NRF2 signaling to promote the production of pro-apoptotic factors and consequently led to the apoptosis of human pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui He
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chaowei Lian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinzhi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China.
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70
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Lee H, Choi YK. Regenerative Effects of Heme Oxygenase Metabolites on Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010078. [PMID: 30585210 PMCID: PMC6337166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) catabolizes heme to produce HO metabolites, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin (BR), which have gained recognition as biological signal transduction effectors. The neurovascular unit refers to a highly evolved network among endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and neural stem cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Proper communication and functional circuitry in these diverse cell types is essential for effective CNS homeostasis. Neuroinflammation is associated with the vascular pathogenesis of many CNS disorders. CNS injury elicits responses from activated glia (e.g., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and from damaged perivascular cells (e.g., pericytes and endothelial cells). Most brain lesions cause extensive proliferation and growth of existing glial cells around the site of injury, leading to reactions causing glial scarring, which may act as a major barrier to neuronal regrowth in the CNS. In addition, damaged perivascular cells lead to the breakdown of the blood-neural barrier, and an increase in immune activation, activated glia, and neuroinflammation. The present review discusses the regenerative role of HO metabolites, such as CO and BR, in various vascular diseases of the CNS such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, diabetic retinopathy, and Alzheimer's disease, and the role of several other signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiju Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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71
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The inhibition of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) abolishes the mitochondrial protection induced by sesamol in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:171-178. [PMID: 30261164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction have been seen in inflammation. Thus, there is interest in studies aiming to find molecules that would exert mitochondrial protection in mammalian tissues undergoing inflammation. Sesamol (SES) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Nonetheless, it was not previously demonstrated whether and how SES would cause mitochondrial protection during inflammation. Thus, we investigated here whether a pretreatment (for 1 h) with SES (1-100 μM) would prevent mitochondrial impairment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. It was also evaluated whether the heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) would be involved in the effects on mitochondria induced by SES. We found that SES reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein nitration in the membranes of mitochondria obtained from LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. SES also attenuated the production of superoxide anion radical (O2-•) and nitric oxide (NO•) in this experimental model. SES suppressed the LPS-elicited mitochondrial dysfunction, as assessed through the analyses of the activities of the mitochondrial complexes I and V. SES also abrogated the LPS-induced decrease in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). SES induced mitochondria-related anti-apoptotic effects in LPS-treated cells. Besides, SES pretreatment abrogated the LPS-triggered inflammation by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins. The SES-induced mitochondria-associated protection was blocked by the specific inhibitor of HO-1, ZnPP IX (20 μM). Therefore, SES induced mitochondrial protection in LPS-treated cells by a mechanism involving HO-1.
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Haghi-Aminjan H, Farhood B, Rahimifard M, Didari T, Baeeri M, Hassani S, Hosseini R, Abdollahi M. The protective role of melatonin in chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity: a systematic review of non-clinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:937-950. [PMID: 30118646 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1513492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of melatonin in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity at the preclinical level. Areas to be covered: To illuminate the possible role of melatonin in preventing chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. A comprehensive search strategy was developed to include PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases from their inception to May 2018. Based on a set of prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 non-clinical articles were ultimately included in the study. Expert opinion: Our findings clearly demonstrate that melatonin has a protective role in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity which may be caused by different chemotherapy agents such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin, methotrexate, oxaliplatin, etoposide, and daunorubicin. On the basis of current review of non-clinical studies, this protective effect of melatonin is attributed to different mechanisms such as reduction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. The findings presented in this review are based on non-clinical studies and thus conducting appropriate clinical trials to evaluate the real effectiveness of the concurrent use of chemotherapy agents with melatonin in the cancer patients is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- b Departmentof Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Tina Didari
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Rohollah Hosseini
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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73
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Ribosomal protein L10 in mitochondria serves as a regulator for ROS level in pancreatic cancer cells. Redox Biol 2018; 19:158-165. [PMID: 30172100 PMCID: PMC6122146 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is commonly known as a complicated process, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role to involve in signal transduction, metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation. Previously, ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) was suggested to possess extra-ribosomal functions in pancreatic cancer cells in addition to being proposed as a tumor suppressor or transcription co-regulator. To better understand the relationship between RPL10 and tumorigenic potential in pancreatic cancer cells, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing reveals that RPL10 is unlikely to be a transcription factor without a specific binding motif for gene transcription. Additionally, transcriptome analysis indicates that RPL10 could regulate the expression of proteins related to ROS production. Moreover, RPL10 in mitochondria is closely associated with the regulation of ROS level by affecting Complex I activity and the subsequent events. Together, the present study suggests that the regulation of ROS level by mitochondrial RPL10 is one of the major extra-ribosomal functions in pancreatic cancer cells, which could be used as an indicator for the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer. RPL10 exists in mitochondria. RPL10 affects the expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and ROS generation. RPL10 regulates ROS level in pancreatic cancer cells.
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74
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de Oliveira MR, de Bittencourt Brasil F, Fürstenau CR. Inhibition of the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis Suppresses the Mitochondria-Related Protection Promoted by Gastrodin in Human Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Paraquat. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2174-2184. [PMID: 29998398 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles involved in the transduction of energy from different metabolic substrates into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mammalian cells. The oxidative phosphorylation system is comprised by the activity of the respiratory chain and the complex V (ATP synthase/ATPase). This system is dependent on oxygen gas (O2) in order to maintain a flux of electrons in the respiratory chain, since O2 is the final acceptor of these electrons. Electron leakage from this complex system leads to the continuous generation of reactive species in the cells. The mammalian cells exhibit certain mechanisms to attenuate the consequences originated from the constant exposure to these reactive species. In this context, the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and one of the enzymes whose expression is modulated by Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), take a central role in inducing cytoprotection in humans. Mitochondrial abnormalities are observed during intoxication and in certain diseases, including neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial protection promoted by natural compounds has attracted the attention of researchers due to the promising effects these agents induce experimentally. In this regard, we examined here whether and how gastrodin (GAS), a phenolic glucoside, would prevent the paraquat (PQ)-induced mitochondrial impairment in the SH-SY5Y cells. The cells were exposed to GAS (25 μM) for 4 h prior to the challenge with PQ at 100 μM for additional 24 h. The silencing of Nrf2 by siRNA or the inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP IX suppressed the GAS-elicited cytoprotection. Therefore, GAS promoted mitochondrial protection by an Nrf2/HO-1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Flávia de Bittencourt Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Universitário de Rio das Ostras, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ribas Fürstenau
- Instituto de Biotecnologia (IBTEC), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
Light as an external stimulus can be precisely manipulated in terms of irradiation time, site, wavelength, and density. As such, photoresponsive drug/gene delivery systems have been increasingly pursued and utilized for the spatiotemporal control of drug/gene delivery to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and safety. In this review, we summarized the recent research progress on photoresponsive drug/gene delivery, and two major categories of delivery systems were discussed. The first category is the direct responsive systems that experience photoreactions on the vehicle or drug themselves, and different materials as well as chemical structures responsive to UV, visible, and NIR light are summarized. The second category is the indirect responsive systems that require a light-generated mediator signal, such as heat, ROS, hypoxia, and gas molecules, to cascadingly trigger the structural transformation. The future outlook and challenges are also discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Huan Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215004 , China
| | - Rongying Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215004 , China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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Weaver L, Hamoud AR, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Biliverdin reductase and bilirubin in hepatic disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G668-G676. [PMID: 29494209 PMCID: PMC6032063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The buildup of fat in the liver (hepatic steatosis) is the first step in a series of incidents that may drive hepatic disease. Obesity is the leading cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which hepatic steatosis progresses to liver disease. Chronic alcohol exposure also induces fat accumulation in the liver and shares numerous similarities to obesity-induced NAFLD. Regardless of whether hepatic steatosis is due to obesity or long-term alcohol use, it still may lead to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, or possibly hepatocellular carcinoma. The antioxidant bilirubin and the enzyme that generates it, biliverdin reductase A (BVRA), are components of the heme catabolic pathway that have been shown to reduce hepatic steatosis. This review discusses the roles for bilirubin and BVRA in the prevention of steatosis, their functions in the later stages of liver disease, and their potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Weaver
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Abdul-rizaq Hamoud
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David E. Stec
- 2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
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