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The ventral striatum dissociates information expectation, reward anticipation, and reward receipt. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15200-15208. [PMID: 32527855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911778117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Do dopaminergic reward structures represent the expected utility of information similarly to a reward? Optimal experimental design models from Bayesian decision theory and statistics have proposed a theoretical framework for quantifying the expected value of information that might result from a query. In particular, this formulation quantifies the value of information before the answer to that query is known, in situations where payoffs are unknown and the goal is purely epistemic: That is, to increase knowledge about the state of the world. Whether and how such a theoretical quantity is represented in the brain is unknown. Here we use an event-related functional MRI (fMRI) task design to disentangle information expectation, information revelation and categorization outcome anticipation, and response-contingent reward processing in a visual probabilistic categorization task. We identify a neural signature corresponding to the expectation of information, involving the left lateral ventral striatum. Moreover, we show a temporal dissociation in the activation of different reward-related regions, including the nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex, during information expectation versus reward-related processing.
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52
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Cai L, Guo R, Dong Y, Huang YH. A Critical Role of Basolateral Amygdala-to-Nucleus Accumbens Projection in Sleep Regulation of Reward Seeking. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:954-966. [PMID: 31924324 PMCID: PMC7210061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep impacts reward-motivated behaviors partly by retuning the brain reward circuits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a reward processing hub sensitive to acute sleep deprivation. Glutamatergic transmission carrying reward-associated signals converges in the NAc and regulates various aspects of reward-motivated behaviors. The basolateral amygdala projection (BLAp) innervates broad regions of the NAc and critically regulates reward seeking. METHODS Using slice electrophysiology, we measured how acute sleep deprivation alters transmission at BLAp-NAc synapses in male C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, using SSFO (stabilized step function opsin) and DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) (Gi) to amplify and reduce transmission, respectively, we tested behavioral consequences following bidirectional manipulations of BLAp-NAc transmission. RESULTS Acute sleep deprivation increased sucrose self-administration in mice and altered the BLAp-NAc transmission in a topographically specific manner. It selectively reduced glutamate release at the rostral BLAp (rBLAp) onto ventral and lateral NAc (vlNAc) synapses, but spared caudal BLAp onto medial NAc synapses. Furthermore, experimentally facilitating glutamate release at rBLAp-vlNAc synapses suppressed sucrose reward seeking. Conversely, mimicking sleep deprivation-induced reduction of rBLAp-vlNAc transmission increased sucrose reward seeking. Finally, facilitating rBLAp-vlNAc transmission per se did not promote either approach motivation or aversion. CONCLUSIONS Sleep acts on rBLAp-vINAc transmission gain control to regulate established reward seeking but does not convey approach motivation or aversion on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yanhua H. Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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ErbB4 Null Mice Display Altered Mesocorticolimbic and Nigrostriatal Dopamine Levels as well as Deficits in Cognitive and Motivational Behaviors. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0395-19.2020. [PMID: 32354758 PMCID: PMC7242816 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0395-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural genetic variants of Neuregulin1 (NRG1) and its cognate receptor ErbB4 are associated with a risk for schizophrenia. Whereas most studies on NRG1-ErbB4 signaling have focused on GABAergic interneurons, ErbB4 is also expressed by midbrain dopaminergic neurons where it modulates extracellular dopamine (DA) levels. Here, we report that extracellular steady-state levels of DA are reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC; −65%), hippocampus (−53%) and nucleus accumbens (NAc; −35%), but are elevated in the dorsal striatum (+25%) of ErbB4 knock-out mice (ErbB4 KOs) relative to wild-type controls. This pattern of DA imbalance recapitulates the reported prefrontal cortical reduction and striatal increase of DA levels in schizophrenia patients. Next, we report on a battery of behavioral tasks used to evaluate locomotor, cognitive and motivational behaviors in ErbB4 KOs relative to controls. We found that ErbB4 KOs are hyperactive in a novel open field but not in their familiar home cage, are more sensitive to amphetamine, perform poorly in the T-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks, exhibit reduced spatial learning and memory on the Barnes maze, and perform markedly worse in conditioned place preference (CPP) tasks when associating cued-reward palatable food with location. However, we found that the poor performance of ErbB4 KOs in CPP are likely due to deficits in spatial memory, instead of reward seeking, as ErbB4 KOs are more motivated to work for palatable food rewards. Our findings indicate that ErbB4 signaling affects tonic DA levels and modulates a wide array of behavioral deficits relevant to psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia.
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Vannemreddy P, Slavin K. Nucleus Accumbens as a Novel Target for Deep Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Addiction: A Hypothesis on the Neurochemical and Morphological Basis. Neurol India 2020; 67:1220-1224. [PMID: 31744946 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.271239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Apart from psychotropic substances, alcohol and nicotine remain the common addictive materials responsible for the majority of deaths. Conventional conservative therapies are beneficial to certain populations, but the majority may require interventional treatments such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) in view of increasing mortality from drug abuse in recent years. We present a brief review on a novel neuromodulation target of the nucleus accumbens (NA) and its promising role in the management of addiction. The three stages of the addiction cycle are known to be mediated by dopaminergic pathways located in the mesolimbic dopamine system with connections to dorsal striatum, extended amygdala, cingulate gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. Recent advanced neuroimaging in humans and several animal studies demonstrated NA to be a vital anatomical area modulating this network. DBS of NA in animals reduced addictive behavior to alcohol, cocaine, and other narcotics significantly. The accidental observation that DBS of NA for psychiatric illnesses induced relief from addiction to alcohol and smoking has encouraged further research of late. Bilateral NA ablative surgery had shown nonrelapse in more than 50% of cases. Small series of patients have benefited so far from DBS of NA, but larger numbers are required to provide evidence-based treatment. The modulation of dopaminergic pathways through DBS of NA as a valid treatment for addiction is substantiated extensively by animal studies and also in a few clinical studies. However, this needs to be validated by a well-structured, multicenter controlled study in a large group of patients suffering from substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Vannemreddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,IL, USA
| | - Konstantin Slavin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,IL, USA
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55
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Aberg KC, Kramer EE, Schwartz S. Interplay between midbrain and dorsal anterior cingulate regions arbitrates lingering reward effects on memory encoding. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1829. [PMID: 32286275 PMCID: PMC7156375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rewarding events enhance memory encoding via dopaminergic influences on hippocampal plasticity. Phasic dopamine release depends on immediate reward magnitude, but presumably also on tonic dopamine levels, which may vary as a function of the average accumulation of reward over time. Using model-based fMRI in combination with a novel associative memory task, we show that immediate reward magnitude exerts a monotonically increasing influence on the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and hippocampal activity during encoding, and enhances memory. By contrast, average reward levels modulate feedback-related responses in the VTA and hippocampus in a non-linear (inverted U-shape) fashion, with similar effects on memory performance. Additionally, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) monotonically tracks average reward levels, while VTA-dACC functional connectivity is non-linearly modulated (inverted U-shape) by average reward. We propose that the dACC computes the net behavioral impact of average reward and relays this information to memory circuitry via the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Elizabeth Kramer
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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56
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Hwang EK, Lupica CR. Altered Corticolimbic Control of the Nucleus Accumbens by Long-term Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:619-631. [PMID: 31543247 PMCID: PMC7002212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decriminalization and legalization of cannabis and the expansion of availability of medical cannabis in North America have led to an increase in cannabis use and the availability of high-potency strains. Cannabis potency is determined by the concentration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), a psychoactive constituent that activates cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. The use of high-potency cannabis is associated with cannabis use disorder and increased susceptibility to psychiatric illness. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is part of a brain reward circuit affected by Δ9-THC through modulation of glutamate afferents arising from corticolimbic brain areas implicated in drug addiction and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, brain imaging studies show alterations in corticolimbic and NAc properties in human cannabis users. METHODS Using in vitro electrophysiology and optogenetics, we examined how Δ9-THC alters corticolimbic input to the NAc in rats. RESULTS We found that long-term exposure to Δ9-THC weakens prefrontal cortex glutamate input to the NAc shell and strengthens input from basolateral amygdala and ventral hippocampus. Further, whereas long-term exposure to Δ9-THC had no effect on net strength of glutamatergic input to NAc shell arising from midbrain dopamine neurons, it alters fundamental properties of these synapses. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to Δ9-THC shifts control of the NAc shell from cortical to limbic input, likely contributing to cognitive and psychiatric dysfunction that is associated with cannabis use.
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Lafferty CK, Britt JP. Off-Target Influences of Arch-Mediated Axon Terminal Inhibition on Network Activity and Behavior. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:10. [PMID: 32269514 PMCID: PMC7109268 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaerhodopsin (ArchT)-mediated photoinhibition of axon terminals is commonly used to test the involvement of specific long-range neural projections in behavior. Although sustained activation of this opsin in axon terminals has the unintended consequence of enhancing spontaneous vesicle release, it is unclear whether this desynchronized signaling is consequential for ArchT’s behavioral effects. Here, we compare axon terminal and cell body photoinhibition of nucleus accumbens (NAc) afferents to test the utility of these approaches for uncovering pathway-specific contributions of neural circuits to behavior. First, in brain slice recordings we confirmed that ArchT photoinhibition of glutamatergic axons reduces evoked synaptic currents and increases spontaneous transmitter release. A further consequence was increased interneuron activity, which served to broadly suppress glutamate input via presynaptic GABAB receptors. In vivo, axon terminal photoinhibition increased feeding and reward-seeking behavior irrespective of the afferent pathway targeted. These behavioral effects are comparable to those obtained with broad inhibition of NAc neurons. In contrast, cell body inhibition of excitatory NAc afferents revealed a pathway-specific contribution of thalamic input to feeding behavior and amygdala input to reward-seeking under extinction conditions. These findings underscore the off-target behavioral consequences of ArchT-mediated axon terminal inhibition while highlighting cell body inhibition as a valuable alternative for pathway-specific optogenetic silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Lafferty
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Britt
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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58
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Escobar ADP, Casanova JP, Andrés ME, Fuentealba JA. Crosstalk Between Kappa Opioid and Dopamine Systems in Compulsive Behaviors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32132923 PMCID: PMC7040183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of goal-oriented behaviors is regulated by midbrain dopamine neurons. Dysfunctions of dopaminergic circuits are observed in drug addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compulsive behavior is a feature that both disorders share, which is associated to a heightened dopamine neurotransmission. The activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is principally regulated by the homeostatic action of dopamine through D2 receptors (D2R) that decrease the firing of neurons as well as dopamine synthesis and release. Dopamine transmission is also regulated by heterologous neurotransmitter systems such as the kappa opioid system, among others. Much of our current knowledge of the kappa opioid system and its influence on dopamine transmission comes from preclinical animal models of brain diseases. In 1988, using cerebral microdialysis, it was shown that the acute activation of the Kappa Opioid Receptors (KOR) decreases synaptic levels of dopamine in the striatum. This inhibitory effect of KOR opposes to the facilitating influence of drugs of abuse on dopamine release, leading to the proposition of the use of KOR agonists as pharmacological therapy for compulsive drug intake. Surprisingly, 30 years later, KOR antagonists are instead proposed to treat drug addiction. What may have happened during these years that generated this drastic change of paradigm? The collected evidence suggested that the effect of KOR on synaptic dopamine levels is complex, depending on the frequency of KOR activation and timing with other incoming stimuli to dopamine neurons, as well as sex and species differences. Conversely to its acute effect, chronic KOR activation seems to facilitate dopamine neurotransmission and dopamine-mediated behaviors. The opposing actions exerted by acute versus chronic KOR activation have been associated with an initial aversive and a delayed rewarding effect, during the exposure to drugs of abuse. Compulsive behaviors induced by repeated activation of D2R are also potentiated by the sustained co-activation of KOR, which correlates with decreased synaptic levels of dopamine and sensitized D2R. Thus, the time-dependent activation of KOR impacts directly on dopamine levels affecting the tuning of motivated behaviors. This review analyzes the contribution of the kappa opioid system to the dopaminergic correlates of compulsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Del Pilar Escobar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José Patricio Casanova
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María Estela Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Li Y, Ruan Y, He Y, Cai Q, Pan X, Zhang Y, Liu C, Pu Z, Yang J, Chen M, Huang L, Zhou J, Chen JF. Striatopallidal adenosine A 2A receptors in the nucleus accumbens confer motivational control of goal-directed behavior. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108010. [PMID: 32061899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to learn the reward-value and action-outcome contingencies in dynamic environment is critical for flexible adaptive behavior and development of effective pharmacological control of goal-directed behaviors represents an important challenge for improving the deficits in goal-directed behavior which may underlie seemingly disparate symptoms across psychiatric disorders. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is emerging as a novel neuromodulatory target for controlling goal-directed behavior for its unique neuromodulatory features: the ability to integrate dopamine and glutamate signaling, the "brake" constraint of various cognitive processes and the balanced control of goal-directed and habit actions. However, the contribution and circuit mechanisms of the striatopallidal A2ARs in nucleus accumbens (NAc) to control of goal-directed behavior remain to be determined. Here, we employed newly developed opto-A2AR and the focal A2AR knockdown strategies to demonstrate the causal role of NAc A2AR in control of goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, we dissected out multiple distinct behavioral mechanisms underlying which NAc A2ARs control goal-directed behavior: (i) NAc A2ARs preferentially control goal-directed behavior at the expense of habit formation. (ii) NAc A2ARs modify the animals' sensitivity to the value of the reward without affecting the action-outcome contingency. (iii) A2AR antagonist KW6002 promotes instrumental actions by invigorating motivation. (iv) NAc A2ARs facilitate Pavlovian incentive value transferring to instrumental action. (v) NAc A2ARs control goal-directed behavior probably not through NAc-VP pathway. These insights into the behavioral and circuit mechanisms for NAc A2AR control of goal-directed behavior facilitate translational potential for A2AR antagonists in reversal of deficits in goal-directed decision-making associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yang Ruan
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yan He
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qionghui Cai
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xinran Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zhilan Pu
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Mozi Chen
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Linshan Huang
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Dalley JW, Ersche KD. Neural circuitry and mechanisms of waiting impulsivity: relevance to addiction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180145. [PMID: 30966923 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Impatience-the failure to wait or tolerate delayed rewards (e.g. food, drug and monetary incentives)-is a common behavioural tendency in humans. However, when rigidly and rapidly expressed with limited regard for future, often negative consequences, impatient or impulsive actions underlie and confer susceptibility for such diverse brain disorders as drug addiction, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder. Consequently, 'waiting' impulsivity has emerged as a candidate endophenotype to inform translational research on underlying neurobiological mechanisms and biomarker discovery for many of the so-called impulse-control disorders. Indeed, as reviewed in this article, this research enterprise has revealed a number of unexpected targets and mechanisms for intervention. However, in the context of drug addiction, impulsive decisions that maximize short-term gains (e.g. acute drug consumption) over longer-term punishment (e.g. unemployment, homelessness, personal harm) defines one aspect of impulsivity, which may or may not be related to rapid, unrestrained actions over shorter timescales. We discuss the relevance of this distinction in impulsivity subtypes for drug addiction with reference to translational research in humans and other animals. This article is part of the theme issue 'Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Dalley
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EB , UK.,2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0SZ , UK
| | - Karen D Ersche
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EB , UK
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61
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Kim WY, Cai WT, Jang JK, Kim JH. Ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins are regulated by Akt-GSK3β signaling in the rat nucleus accumbens core. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:121-126. [PMID: 31908581 PMCID: PMC6940492 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins are a family of membrane-associated proteins known to play roles in cell-shape determination as well as in signaling pathways. We have previously shown that amphetamine decreases phosphorylation levels of these proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), an important neuronal substrate mediating rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. In the present study, we further examined what molecular pathways may be involved in this process. By direct microinjection of LY294002, a PI3 kinase inhibitor, or of S9 peptide, a proposed GSK3β activator, into the NAcc core, we found that phosphorylation levels of ERM as well as of GSK3β in this site are simultaneously decreased. These results indicate that ERM proteins are under the regulation of Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway in the NAcc core. The present findings have a significant implication to a novel signal pathway possibly leading to structural plasticity in relation with drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wha Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wen Ting Cai
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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62
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Wang Y, Yan KJ, Fan CX, Luo XN, Zhou Y. Altered functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens subdivisions in amphetamine-type stimulant abusers: a resting-state fMRI study. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:66. [PMID: 31888484 PMCID: PMC6937793 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growing abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants leads to new challenges to human health. A possible addiction mechanism has been proposed by altered functional architecture of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) during resting state. NAc contains different subdivisions and they may play different roles in addiction. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there are common or distinct patterns of functional connectivity of the NAc subdivisions in amphetamine-type stimulant abusers (ATSAs). Methods The present study recruited 17 male ATSAs and 22 healthy male controls. All the subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with their eyes closed. The NAc was divided into core-like and shell-like subdivisions. We used seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses to identify differences in brain functional architecture between ATSAs and healthy controls (HCs). Results ATSAs had lower positive RSFCs with all of the NAc subdivisions over the left orbital part of superior frontal gyrus and higher positive RSFCs with the NAc subdivisions over the left opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus than HCs, which indicates common abnormalities across the NAc subdivisions in ATSAs. In addition, the RSFCs between the NAc subdivisions and the left orbital part of superior frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the addiction severity in ATSAs. Conclusion These results provide evidence that there are common RSFC patterns of the NAc subdivisions in ATSAs. The abnormality indicated by disrupted functional connectivity between the NAc subdivisions and prefrontal cortex suggests abnormal interaction between the rewarding process and cognitive control in ATSAs. Our results shed insight on the neurobiological mechanisms of ATSA and suggest potential novel therapeutic targets for treatment and intervention of ATSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Juan Yan
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Xiao Fan
- The Second Hospital of Jinhua City, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Luo
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science & Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Henricks AM, Sullivan EDK, Dwiel LL, Keus KM, Adner ED, Green AI, Doucette WT. Sex differences in the ability of corticostriatal oscillations to predict rodent alcohol consumption. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:61. [PMID: 31849345 PMCID: PMC6918672 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although male and female rats differ in their patterns of alcohol use, little is known regarding the neural circuit activity that underlies these differences in behavior. The current study used a machine learning approach to characterize sex differences in local field potential (LFP) oscillations that may relate to sex differences in alcohol-drinking behavior. Methods LFP oscillations were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell and the rodent medial prefrontal cortex of adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Recordings occurred before rats were exposed to alcohol (n = 10/sex × 2 recordings/rat) and during sessions of limited access to alcohol (n = 5/sex × 5 recordings/rat). Oscillations were also recorded from each female rat in each phase of estrous prior to alcohol exposure. Using machine learning, we built predictive models with oscillation data to classify rats based on: (1) biological sex, (2) phase of estrous, and (3) alcohol intake levels. We evaluated model performance from real data by comparing it to the performance of models built and tested on permutations of the data. Results Our data demonstrate that corticostriatal oscillations were able to predict alcohol intake levels in males (p < 0.01), but not in females (p = 0.45). The accuracies of models predicting biological sex and phase of estrous were related to fluctuations observed in alcohol drinking levels; females in diestrus drank more alcohol than males (p = 0.052), and the male vs. diestrus female model had the highest accuracy (71.01%) compared to chance estimates. Conversely, females in estrus drank very similar amounts of alcohol to males (p = 0.702), and the male vs. estrus female model had the lowest accuracy (56.14%) compared to chance estimates. Conclusions The current data demonstrate that oscillations recorded from corticostriatal circuits contain significant information regarding alcohol drinking in males, but not alcohol drinking in females. Future work will focus on identifying where to record LFP oscillations in order to predict alcohol drinking in females, which may help elucidate sex-specific neural targets for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Henricks
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Emily D K Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Lucas L Dwiel
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | | | - Alan I Green
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA.,The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Wilder T Doucette
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA.,The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
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64
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Cell-Type- and Endocannabinoid-Specific Synapse Connectivity in the Adult Nucleus Accumbens Core. J Neurosci 2019; 40:1028-1041. [PMID: 31831522 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1100-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a mesocorticolimbic structure that integrates cognitive, emotional and motor functions. Although its role in psychiatric disorders is widely acknowledged, the understanding of its circuitry is not complete. Here, we combined optogenetic and whole-cell recordings to draw a functional portrait of excitatory disambiguated synapses onto D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the adult male mouse NAc core. Comparing synaptic properties of ventral hippocampus (vHipp), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) inputs revealed a hierarchy of synaptic inputs that depends on the identity of the postsynaptic target MSN. Thus, the BLA is the dominant excitatory pathway onto D1 MSNs (BLA > PFC = vHipp) while PFC inputs dominate D2 MSNs (PFC > vHipp > BLA). We also tested the hypothesis that endocannabinoids endow excitatory circuits with pathway- and cell-specific plasticity. Thus, whereas CB1 receptors (CB1R) uniformly depress excitatory pathways regardless of MSNs identity, TRPV1 receptors (TRPV1R) bidirectionally control inputs onto the NAc core in a pathway-specific manner. Finally, we show that the interplay of TRPV1R/CB1R shapes plasticity at BLA-NAc synapses. Together these data shed new light on synapse and circuit specificity in the adult NAc core and illustrate how endocannabinoids contribute to pathway-specific synaptic plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We examined the impact of connections from the ventral hippocampus (vHipp,) basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) onto identified medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the adult accumbens core. We found BLA inputs were strongest at D1 MSNs while PFC inputs dominate D2 MSNs. Pathway- and cell-specific circuit control was also facilitated by endocannabinoids that endow bidirectional synaptic plasticity at identified BLA-NAc synapses. These data provide mechanistic insights on synapse and circuit specificity in the adult NAc core.
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65
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Kardos J, Dobolyi Á, Szabó Z, Simon Á, Lourmet G, Palkovits M, Héja L. Molecular Plasticity of the Nucleus Accumbens Revisited-Astrocytic Waves Shall Rise. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7950-7965. [PMID: 31134458 PMCID: PMC6834761 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Part of the ventral striatal division, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) drives the circuit activity of an entire macrosystem about reward like a "flagship," signaling and leading diverse conducts. Accordingly, NAc neurons feature complex inhibitory phenotypes that assemble to process circuit inputs and generate outputs by exploiting specific arrays of opposite and/or parallel neurotransmitters, neuromodulatory peptides. The resulting complex combinations enable versatile yet specific forms of accumbal circuit plasticity, including maladaptive behaviors. Although reward signaling and behavior are elaborately linked to neuronal circuit activities, it is plausible to propose whether these neuronal ensembles and synaptic islands can be directly controlled by astrocytes, a powerful modulator of neuronal activity. Pioneering studies showed that astrocytes in the NAc sense citrate cycle metabolites and/or ATP and may induce recurrent activation. We argue that the astrocytic calcium, GABA, and Glu signaling and altered sodium and chloride dynamics fundamentally shape metaplasticity by providing active regulatory roles in the synapse- and network-level flexibility of the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kardos
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szabó
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Simon
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Guillaume Lourmet
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 58, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - László Héja
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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66
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KC E, Moon HC, Kim S, Kim HK, Won SY, Hyun S, Park YS. Optical Modulation on the Nucleus Accumbens Core in the Alleviation of Neuropathic Pain in Chronic Dorsal Root Ganglion Compression Rat Model. Neuromodulation 2019; 23:167-176. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elina KC
- Department of NeuroscienceCollege of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea
| | - Hyeong Cheol Moon
- Department of NeuroscienceCollege of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea
- Department of NeurosurgeryChungbuk National University Hospital Cheongju South Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelets Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea
| | - Hyong Kyu Kim
- Department of Medicine and MicrobiologyChungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea
| | - So Yoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research CenterChungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea
| | - Sang‐Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea
| | - Young Seok Park
- Department of NeuroscienceCollege of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea
- Department of NeurosurgeryChungbuk National University Hospital Cheongju South Korea
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67
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Coccurello R. Anhedonia in depression symptomatology: Appetite dysregulation and defective brain reward processing. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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68
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Serrano-Barroso A, Vargas JP, Diaz E, O’Donnell P, López JC. Sign and goal tracker rats process differently the incentive salience of a conditioned stimulus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223109. [PMID: 31568533 PMCID: PMC6768469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sign and goal tracker animals show different behavioral patterns in response to conditioned stimuli, which may be driven by different neural circuits involved in processing stimuli. Here, we explored whether sign and goal-tracker profiles implicated different brain regions and responses to incentive salience of stimuli. We performed three experiments using male Wistar rats. Experiment 1 showed that lesioning the medial prefrontal cortex increased the prevalence of the goal-tracker phenotype. Experiment 2 assessed the developmental trajectory of the salience incentive attribution to a conditioned stimulus, showing that increased incentive salience of stimuli increased the prevalence of the sign-tracker phenotype in mature, but not preadolescent rats. In experiment 3, the functional impact of the medial prefrontal cortex circuits was analyzed with a latent inhibition procedure. Sign tracker rats showed a reduced latent inhibition to stimuli previously exposed when compared to goal tracker or intermediate rats. The overall results of this study highlight a key role of the medial prefrontal cortex for sign tracking behavior. The expression of sign and goal tracker phenotypes changed after lesion to the medial prefrontal cortex (experiment 1), differed across development (experiment 2), and showed differences in the attentional processes to previously exposed stimuli, as preexposure to CS was ineffective in sign tracker animals (experiment 3). These data indicate that the responses to the incentive salience of stimuli in sign tracker and goal tracker profiles are likely driven by different neural circuitry, with a different role of prefrontal cortical function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pedro Vargas
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Estrella Diaz
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Patricio O’Donnell
- Translational Research and Experimental Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos López
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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69
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Henricks AM, Dwiel LL, Deveau NH, Simon AA, Ruiz-Jaquez MJ, Green AI, Doucette WT. Corticostriatal Oscillations Predict High vs. Low Drinkers in a Rat Model of Limited Access Alcohol Consumption. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:35. [PMID: 31456669 PMCID: PMC6700217 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals differ in their vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence, which is determined by innate and environmental factors. The corticostriatal circuit is heavily involved in the development of alcohol dependence and may contain neural information regarding vulnerability to drink excessively. In the current experiment, we hypothesized that we could characterize high and low alcohol-drinking rats (HD and LD, respectively) based on corticostriatal oscillations and that these subgroups would differentially respond to corticostriatal brain stimulation. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 13) were trained to drink 10% alcohol in a limited access paradigm. In separate sessions, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Based on training alcohol consumption levels, we classified rats using a median split as HD or LD. Then, using machine-learning, we built predictive models to classify rats as HD or LD by corticostriatal LFPs and compared the model performance from real data to the performance of models built on data permutations. Additionally, we explored the impact of NAcSh or mPFC stimulation on alcohol consumption in HD vs. LD. Corticostriatal LFPs were able to predict HD vs. LD group classification with greater accuracy than expected by chance (>80% accuracy). Moreover, NAcSh stimulation significantly reduced alcohol consumption in HD, but not LD (p < 0.05), while mPFC stimulation did not alter drinking behavior in either HD or LD (p > 0.05). These data collectively show that the corticostriatal circuit is differentially involved in regulating alcohol intake in HD vs. LD rats, and suggests that corticostriatal activity may have the potential to predict a vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence in a clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Henricks
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Lucas L Dwiel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nicholas H Deveau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Amanda A Simon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Metztli J Ruiz-Jaquez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Alan I Green
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Wilder T Doucette
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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70
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Henricks AM, Dwiel LL, Deveau NH, Simon AA, Ruiz-Jaquez MJ, Green AI, Doucette WT. Corticostriatal Oscillations Predict High vs. Low Drinkers in a Rat Model of Limited Access Alcohol Consumption. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:35. [PMID: 31456669 PMCID: PMC6700217 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00035 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00035/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals differ in their vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence, which is determined by innate and environmental factors. The corticostriatal circuit is heavily involved in the development of alcohol dependence and may contain neural information regarding vulnerability to drink excessively. In the current experiment, we hypothesized that we could characterize high and low alcohol-drinking rats (HD and LD, respectively) based on corticostriatal oscillations and that these subgroups would differentially respond to corticostriatal brain stimulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 13) were trained to drink 10% alcohol in a limited access paradigm. In separate sessions, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Based on training alcohol consumption levels, we classified rats using a median split as HD or LD. Then, using machine-learning, we built predictive models to classify rats as HD or LD by corticostriatal LFPs and compared the model performance from real data to the performance of models built on data permutations. Additionally, we explored the impact of NAcSh or mPFC stimulation on alcohol consumption in HD vs. LD. Corticostriatal LFPs were able to predict HD vs. LD group classification with greater accuracy than expected by chance (>80% accuracy). Moreover, NAcSh stimulation significantly reduced alcohol consumption in HD, but not LD (p < 0.05), while mPFC stimulation did not alter drinking behavior in either HD or LD (p > 0.05). These data collectively show that the corticostriatal circuit is differentially involved in regulating alcohol intake in HD vs. LD rats, and suggests that corticostriatal activity may have the potential to predict a vulnerability to develop alcohol dependence in a clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Henricks
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Lucas L. Dwiel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Deveau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Amanda A. Simon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Metztli J. Ruiz-Jaquez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Alan I. Green
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Wilder T. Doucette
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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71
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de Oliveira J, Drabowski B, Rodrigues S, Maciel R, Moraes M, Cota V. Seizure suppression by asynchronous non-periodic electrical stimulation of the amygdala is partially mediated by indirect desynchronization from nucleus accumbens. Epilepsy Res 2019; 154:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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72
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Zhang TY, Shahrokh D, Hellstrom IC, Wen X, Diorio J, Breuillaud L, Caldji C, Meaney MJ. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Nucleus Accumbens Mediates Individual Differences in Behavioral Responses to a Natural, Social Reward. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:290-301. [PMID: 31327126 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BDNF-oxytocin interactions in the brain are implicated in mammalian maternal behavior. We found that BDNF gene expression is increased in the hippocampus of rat mothers that show increased pup licking/grooming (high LG mothers) compared to low LG mothers. High LG mothers also showed increased BDNF protein levels in the nucleus accumbens (nAcc). Immunoneutralization of BDNF in the nAcc eliminated the differences in pup LG between high and low LG mothers. Oxytocin antagonist in the ventral hippocampus significantly decreased the frequency of maternal LG behavior. Oxytocin antagonist significantly prevented the oxytocin-induced BDNF gene expression in primary hippocampal cell cultures. We suggest that oxytocin-induced regulation of BDNF in the nAcc provides a neuroendocrine basis for both individual differences in maternal behavior and resilience to the stress of reproduction in female mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada. .,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada. .,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada.
| | - Dara Shahrokh
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Ian C Hellstrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Xianglan Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Josie Diorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Lionel Breuillaud
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Christian Caldji
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada. .,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada. .,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada. .,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.
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73
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Iturra-Mena AM, Aguilar-Rivera M, Arriagada-Solimano M, Pérez-Valenzuela C, Fuentealba P, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Impact of Stress on Gamma Oscillations in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens During Spontaneous Social Interaction. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:151. [PMID: 31354444 PMCID: PMC6636240 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in social behavior is one of the most debilitating symptoms of major depression, a stress related mental illness. Social behavior is modulated by the reward system, and gamma oscillations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) seem to be associated with reward processing. In this scenario, the role of gamma oscillations in depression remains unknown. We hypothesized that gamma oscillations in the rat NAc are sensitive to the effects of social distress. One group of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) while the other group was left undisturbed (control group). Afterward, a microelectrode array was implanted in the NAc of all animals. Local field potential (LFP) activity was acquired using a wireless recording system. Each implanted rat was placed in an open field chamber for a non-social interaction condition, followed by introducing another unfamiliar rat, creating a social interaction condition, where the implanted rat interacted freely and continuously with the unfamiliar conspecific in a natural-like manner (see Supplementary Videos). We found that the high-gamma band power in the NAc of non-stressed rats was higher during the social interaction compared to a non-social interaction condition. Conversely, we did not find significant differences at this level in the stressed rats when comparing the social interaction- and non-social interaction condition. These findings suggest that high-gamma oscillations in the NAc are involved in social behavior. Furthermore, alterations at this level could be an electrophysiological signature of the effect of chronic social stress on reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mary Iturra-Mena
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcelo Aguilar-Rivera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marcia Arriagada-Solimano
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Catherine Pérez-Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Department of Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Neurosciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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74
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Cai WT, Yoon HS, Lee S, Kim JH. Repeated exposure to methiopropamine increases dendritic spine density in the rat nucleus accumbens core. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104487. [PMID: 31176680 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to classical psychomotor stimulants, like amphetamine (AMPH), produces locomotor sensitization and accompanied structural plasticity of dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Following our previous report that repeated administration of methiopropamine (MPA), a structural analog to meth-AMPH, produces locomotor sensitization, it was examined in the present study whether this behavioral change also accompanies with structural plasticity in the NAcc in a similar way to AMPH. A week after adeno-associated viral vectors containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were microinjected into the NAcc core, rats were repeatedly injected with saline, AMPH (1 mg/kg, IP), or MPA (5 mg/kg, IP) once every 2-3 days for a total of 4 times. Two weeks after last injection, all rats were perfused and their brains were processed for immunohistochemical staining. The image stacks for dendrite segments of medium spiny neuronal cells in the NAcc core were obtained and dendritic spines were quantitatively analyzed. Interestingly, it was found that the number of total spine density, with thin spine as a major contributor, was significantly increased in MPA compared to saline pre-exposed group, in a similar way to AMPH. These results indicate that MPA, a novel psychoactive substance, has similar characteristics with AMPH in that they both produce structural as well as behavioral changes, further supporting MPA's dependence and abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ting Cai
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyung Shin Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Muir J, Lopez J, Bagot RC. Wiring the depressed brain: optogenetic and chemogenetic circuit interrogation in animal models of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1013-1026. [PMID: 30555161 PMCID: PMC6461994 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The advent of optogenetics and chemogenetics has revolutionized the study of neural circuit mechanisms of behavioral dysregulation in psychiatric disease. These powerful technologies allow manipulation of specific neurons to determine causal relationships between neuronal activity and behavior. Optogenetic tools have been key to mapping the circuitry underlying depression-like behavior in animal models, clarifying the contribution of the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, ventral hippocampus, and other limbic areas, to stress susceptibility. In comparison, chemogenetics have been relatively underutilized, despite offering unique advantages for probing long-term effects of manipulating neuronal activity. The ongoing development of optogenetic tools to probe in vivo function of ever-more specific circuits, combined with greater integration of chemogenetic tools and recent advances in vivo imaging techniques will continue to advance our understanding of the circuit mechanisms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Muir
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bIntegrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Joëlle Lopez
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Rosemary C. Bagot
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada ,Ludmer Center for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montréal, QC Canada
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76
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Zhou J, Wu B, Lin X, Dai Y, Li T, Zheng W, Guo W, Vakal S, Chen X, Chen JF. Accumbal Adenosine A 2A Receptors Enhance Cognitive Flexibility by Facilitating Strategy Shifting. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:130. [PMID: 31031594 PMCID: PMC6470273 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deficits of cognitive flexibility (including attentional set-shifting and reversal learning) concomitant with dysfunction of the striatum are observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Rodent and human studies have identified the striatum [particularly the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)] as the critical locus for control of cognitive flexibility, but the effective neuromodulator and pharmacological control of cognitive flexibility remains to be determined. The adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) are highly enriched in the striatopallidal neurons where they integrate dopamine and glutamate signals to modulate several cognitive behaviors, but their contribution to cognitive flexibility control is unclear. In this study, by coupling an automated operant cognitive flexibility task with striatal subregional knockdown (KD) of the A2AR via the Cre-loxP strategy, we demonstrated that NAc A2AR KD improved cognitive flexibility with enhanced attentional set-shifting and reversal learning by decreasing regressive and perseverative errors, respectively. This facilitation was not attributed to mnemonic process or motor activity as NAc A2AR KD did not affect the visual discrimination, lever-pressing acquisition, and locomotor activity, but was associated with increased attention and motivation as evident by the progressive ratio test (PRT). In contrast to NAc A2ARs, DMS A2ARs KD neither affected visual discrimination nor improved set-shifting nor reversal learning, but promoted the effort-related motivation. Thus, NAc and DMS A2ARs exert dissociable controls of cognitive flexibility with NAc A2ARs KD selectively enhancing cognitive flexibility by facilitating strategy shifting with increased motivation/attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhou
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Lin
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Dai
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wu Zheng
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sergii Vakal
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjun Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
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77
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Zhu F, Liu Y, Liu F, Yang R, Li H, Chen J, Kennedy DN, Zhao J, Guo W. Functional asymmetry of thalamocortical networks in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis and first-episode schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:519-528. [PMID: 30770234 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted functional asymmetry has been implicated in schizophrenia. However, it remains unknown whether disrupted functional asymmetry originates from intra-hemispheric and/or inter-hemispheric functional connectivity (FC) in the patients, and whether it starts at very early stage of psychosis. Seventy-six patients with first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia, 74 subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), and 71 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The 'Parameter of asymmetry' (PAS) metric was calculated and support vector machine (SVM) classification analysis was applied to analyze the data. Compared with healthy controls, patients exhibited decreased PAS in the left thalamus/pallidum, right hippocampus/parahippocampus, right inferior frontal gyrus/insula, right thalamus, and left inferior parietal lobule, and increased PAS in the left calcarine, right superior occipital gyrus/middle occipital gyrus, and right precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus. By contrast, UHR subjects showed decreased PAS in the left thalamus relative to healthy controls. A negative correlation was observed between decreased PAS in the right hippocampus/parahippocampus and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) scores in the patients (r = -0.364, p = 0.002). Moreover, the PAS values in the left thalamus could discriminate the patients/UHR subjects from the controls with acceptable sensitivities (68.42%/81.08%). First-episode patients and UHR subjects shared decreased PAS in the left thalamus. This observed pattern of functional asymmetry highlights the involvement of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of psychosis and may also be applied as a very early marker for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - David N Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroinformatics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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78
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Matthews GA, Tye KM. Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457:5-25. [PMID: 30875095 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Social connections are vital to survival throughout the animal kingdom and are dynamic across the life span. There are debilitating consequences of social isolation and loneliness, and social support is increasingly a primary consideration in health care, disease prevention, and recovery. Considering social connection as an "innate need," it is hypothesized that evolutionarily conserved neural systems underlie the maintenance of social connections: alerting the individual to their absence and coordinating effector mechanisms to restore social contact. This is reminiscent of a homeostatic system designed to maintain social connection. Here, we explore the identity of neural systems regulating "social homeostasis." We review findings from rodent studies evaluating the rapid response to social deficit (in the form of acute social isolation) and propose that parallel, overlapping circuits are engaged to adapt to the vulnerabilities of isolation and restore social connection. By considering the neural systems regulating other homeostatic needs, such as energy and fluid balance, we discuss the potential attributes of social homeostatic circuitry. We reason that uncovering the identity of these circuits/mechanisms will facilitate our understanding of how loneliness perpetuates long-term disease states, which we speculate may result from sustained recruitment of social homeostatic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Matthews
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kay M Tye
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
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79
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Yoon HS, Ku MJ, Cai WT, Kim JH. A novel synthetic cathinone, α-pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (PVT), produces locomotor sensitization in rat: Implications for GSK3β connections in the nucleus accumbens core. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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80
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Hunt MJ, Adams NE, Średniawa W, Wójcik DK, Simon A, Kasicki S, Whittington MA. The olfactory bulb is a source of high-frequency oscillations (130-180 Hz) associated with a subanesthetic dose of ketamine in rodents. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:435-442. [PMID: 30140046 PMCID: PMC6300534 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency neuronal population oscillations (HFO, 130-180 Hz) are robustly potentiated by subanesthetic doses of ketamine. This frequency band has been recorded in functionally and neuroanatomically diverse cortical and subcortical regions, notably ventral striatal areas. However, the locus of generation remains largely unknown. There is compelling evidence that olfactory regions can drive oscillations in distant areas. Here we tested the hypothesis that the olfactory bulb (OB) is a locus for the generation of HFO following a subanesthetic dose of ketamine. The effect of ketamine on the electrophysiological activity of the OB and ventral striatum of male Wistar rats was examined using field potential and unit recordings, local inhibition, naris blockade, current source density and causality estimates. Ketamine-HFO was of larger magnitude and was phase-advanced in the OB relative to ventral striatum. Granger causality analysis was consistent with the OB as the source of HFO. Unilateral local inhibition of the OB and naris blockade both attenuated HFO recorded locally and in the ventral striatum. Within the OB, current source density analysis revealed HFO current dipoles close to the mitral layer and unit firing of mitral/tufted cells was phase locked to HFO. Our results reveal the OB as a source of ketamine-HFO which can contribute to HFO in the ventral striatum, known to project diffusely to many other brain regions. These findings provide a new conceptual understanding on how changes in olfactory system function may have implications for neurological disorders involving NMDA receptor dysfunction such as schizophrenia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jeremy Hunt
- University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
| | | | - Władysław Średniawa
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Daniel K Wójcik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Anna Simon
- University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Stefan Kasicki
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
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81
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Ferbinteanu J. Memory systems 2018 - Towards a new paradigm. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 157:61-78. [PMID: 30439565 PMCID: PMC6389412 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The multiple memory systems theory (MMS) postulates that the brain stores information based on the independent and parallel activity of a number of modules, each with distinct properties, dynamics, and neural basis. Much of the evidence for this theory comes from dissociation studies indicating that damage to restricted brain areas cause selective types of memory deficits. MMS has been the prevalent paradigm in memory research for more than thirty years, even as it has been adjusted several times to accommodate new data. However, recent empirical results indicating that the memory systems are not always dissociable constitute a challenge to fundamental tenets of the current theory because they suggest that representations formed by individual memory systems can contribute to more than one type of memory-driven behavioral strategy. This problem can be addressed by applying a dynamic network perspective to memory architecture. According to this view, memory networks can reconfigure or transiently couple in response to environmental demands. Within this context, the neural network underlying a specific memory system can act as an independent unit or as an integrated component of a higher order meta-network. This dynamic network model proposes a way in which empirical evidence that challenges the idea of distinct memory systems can be incorporated within a modular memory architecture. The model also provides a framework to account for the complex interactions among memory systems demonstrated at the behavioral level. Advances in the study of dynamic networks can generate new ideas to experimentally manipulate and control memory in basic or clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferbinteanu
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Dept. of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 31, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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82
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Moazen P, Azizi H, Salmanzadeh H, Semnanian S. Adolescent morphine exposure induces immediate and long-term increases in impulsive behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3423-3434. [PMID: 30350222 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adolescence in humans represents a unique and critical developmental time point associated with increased risk-taking behavior. Converging clinical and epidemiological studies report a peak of drug use during adolescence, leading to the hypothesis that the developing adolescents brain is at risk to lose control over drug intake. Both adolescence and drug abuse are associated with significant cognitive and psychological changes such as lack of impulse control. A simple definition for impulsive behavior is the tendency to act prematurely without foresight. Increase in impulsivity is evident in acute morphine consumption, but to date, little is known with respect to subchronic morphine administration in impulsive behavior, particularly comparing time-dependent effects in adults, young adults, and adolescents. METHODS To evaluate this, adult, young adult, and adolescent rats were treated with a subchronic regimen of morphine or saline during 5 days (s.c.). Thereafter, we examined impulsive behavioral effects of morphine administration, 24 h and 25 days after administration in rats, while responding under a five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). RESULTS Subchronic morphine administration increased premature responding 24 h after the last injection of morphine in adult, young adult, and adolescent rats without increasing motor activity but a significant change in motivation in adult and young adult rats only. After 25 days of abstinence, premature responses were significantly increased in comparison with baseline in adolescent rats but not in adults and young adults. CONCLUSION The main conclusion of this study is that morphine exposure in adolescents has a long-term profound effect on motor impulsive behavior later in adulthood. An implication of our findings might be that we should be especially careful about consuming and prescribing opioid drugs in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Moazen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Salmanzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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83
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Ventral pallidum encodes relative reward value earlier and more robustly than nucleus accumbens. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4350. [PMID: 30341305 PMCID: PMC6195583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventral striatopallidal system, a basal ganglia network thought to convert limbic information into behavioral action, includes the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral pallidum (VP), typically described as a major output of NAc. Here, to investigate how reward-related information is transformed across this circuit, we measure the activity of neurons in NAc and VP when rats receive two highly palatable but differentially preferred rewards, allowing us to track the reward-specific information contained within the neural activity of each region. In VP, we find a prominent preference-related signal that flexibly reports the relative value of reward outcomes across multiple conditions. This reward-specific firing in VP is present in a greater proportion of the population and arises sooner following reward delivery than in NAc. Our findings establish VP as a preeminent value signaler and challenge the existing model of information flow in the ventral basal ganglia.
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84
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Vaquer-Alicea ADC, Vázquez-Torres R, Devarie-Hornedo M, Vicenty-Padilla JC, Santos-Vera B, María-Ríos C, Vélez-Hernández ME, Sacktor T, Jiménez-Rivera CA. aPKC-Mediated Persistent Increase in AMPA/NMDA Ratio in the VTA Participates in the Neuroadaptive Signal Necessary to Induce NAc Synaptic Plasticity After Cocaine Administration. Neuroscience 2018; 392:129-140. [PMID: 30243909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cocaine exposure produces enduring neuroadaptations in the brain's reward system. Persistence of early cocaine-evoked neuroadaptations in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is necessary for later synaptic alterations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), suggesting a temporal sequence of neuroplastic changes between these two areas. However, the molecular nature of the signal that mediates this sequential event is unknown. Here we used the behavioral sensitization model and the aPKC inhibitor of late-phase LTP maintenance, ZIP, to investigate if a persistent increase in AMPA/NMDA ratio plays a role in the molecular mechanism that allows VTA neuroadaptations to induce changes in the NAc. Results showed that intra-VTA ZIP microinfusion successfully blocked cocaine-evoked synaptic enhancement in the VTA and the expected AMPA/NMDA ratio decrease in the NAc following cocaine sensitization. ZIP microinfusions also blocked the expected AMPA/NMDA ratio increase in the NAc following cocaine withdrawal. These results suggest that a persistent increase in AMPA/NMDA ratio, mediated by aPKCs, could be the molecular signal that enables the VTA to elicit synaptic alterations in the NAc following cocaine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Del C Vaquer-Alicea
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Torres
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Marcos Devarie-Hornedo
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan C Vicenty-Padilla
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Bermary Santos-Vera
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cristina María-Ríos
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maria E Vélez-Hernández
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd Sacktor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Carlos A Jiménez-Rivera
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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85
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Gmaz JM, Carmichael JE, van der Meer MA. Persistent coding of outcome-predictive cue features in the rat nucleus accumbens. eLife 2018; 7:37275. [PMID: 30234485 PMCID: PMC6195350 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is important for learning from feedback, and for biasing and invigorating behaviour in response to cues that predict motivationally relevant outcomes. NAc encodes outcome-related cue features such as the magnitude and identity of reward. However, little is known about how features of cues themselves are encoded. We designed a decision making task where rats learned multiple sets of outcome-predictive cues, and recorded single-unit activity in the NAc during performance. We found that coding of cue identity and location occurred alongside coding of expected outcome. Furthermore, this coding persisted both during a delay period, after the rat made a decision and was waiting for an outcome, and after the outcome was revealed. Encoding of cue features in the NAc may enable contextual modulation of on-going behaviour, and provide an eligibility trace of outcome-predictive stimuli for updating stimulus-outcome associations to inform future behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmie M Gmaz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
| | - James E Carmichael
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
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86
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Sumner PJ, Bell IH, Rossell SL. A systematic review of task-based functional neuroimaging studies investigating language, semantic and executive processes in thought disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:59-75. [PMID: 30142368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current systematic review was to synthesise the research that has investigated thought disorder (TD) using task-based functional neuroimaging techniques to target executive, language, or semantic functions. Thirty-five pertinent studies were identified from January 1990 to August 2016. Functional correlates of TD included the superior and middle temporal, fusiform, and inferior frontal gyri bilaterally, as well as the left and right cingulate cortex, the right caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum. TD-related increases and decreases in activation were both evident in most of these regions. However, the specificity of these correlates from general clinical and cognitive influences is unknown. The cortical regions implicated overlap with those thought to contribute to language and semantic systems. Cortico-striatal circuitry may also play a role in some aspects of TD through aberrant salience representation and inappropriate attentional prioritisation. To advance the field further, greater integration across structural, functional, and behavioural measures is required, in addition to non-unitary considerations of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Sumner
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Imogen H Bell
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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87
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Pittman-Polletta B, Hu K, Kocsis B. Subunit-specific NMDAR antagonism dissociates schizophrenia subtype-relevant oscillopathies associated with frontal hypofunction and hippocampal hyperfunction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11588. [PMID: 30072757 PMCID: PMC6072790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NMDAR antagonism alters mesolimbic, hippocampal, and cortical function, acutely reproducing the positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. These physiological and behavioral effects may depend differentially on NMDAR subtype- and region-specific effects. The dramatic electrophysiological signatures of NMDAR blockade in rodents include potentiated high frequency oscillations (HFOs, ∼140 Hz), likely generated in mesolimbic structures, and increased HFO phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), a phenomenon related to goal-directed behavior and dopaminergic tone. This study examined the impact of subtype-specific NMDAR antagonism on HFOs and PAC. We found that positive-symptom-associated NR2A-preferring antagonism (NVP-AAM077), but not NR2B-specific antagonism (Ro25-6985) or saline control, replicated increases in HFO power seen with nonspecific antagonism (MK-801). However, PAC following NR2A-preferring antagonism was distinct from all other conditions. While θ-HFO PAC was prominent or potentiated in other conditions, NVP-AAM077 increased δ-HFO PAC and decreased θ-HFO PAC. Furthermore, active wake epochs exhibiting narrowband frontal δ oscillations, and not broadband sleep-associated δ, selectively exhibited δ-HFO coupling, while paradoxical sleep epochs having a high CA1 θ to frontal δ ratio selectively exhibited θ-HFO coupling. Our results suggest: (1) NR2A-preferring antagonism induces oscillopathies reflecting frontal hyperfunction and hippocampal hypofunction; and (2) HFO PAC indexes cortical vs. hippocampal control of mesolimbic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pittman-Polletta
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kun Hu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernat Kocsis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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88
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Leptin in the nucleus accumbens blocks the increase of GluA1 phosphorylation induced by acute cocaine administration. Neuroreport 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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89
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Johnston R, Crowe M, Doma K. Effect of nicotine on repeated bouts of anaerobic exercise in nicotine naïve individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:681-689. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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90
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Hudson R, Rushlow W, Laviolette SR. Phytocannabinoids modulate emotional memory processing through interactions with the ventral hippocampus and mesolimbic dopamine system: implications for neuropsychiatric pathology. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:447-458. [PMID: 29063964 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing clinical and preclinical evidence suggests a potential role for the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) as a pharmacotherapy for various neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component in cannabis, is associated with acute and neurodevelopmental propsychotic side effects through its interaction with central cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs). CB1R stimulation in the ventral hippocampus (VHipp) potentiates affective memory formation through inputs to the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, thereby altering emotional salience attribution. These changes in DA activity and salience attribution, evoked by dysfunctional VHipp regulatory actions and THC exposure, could predispose susceptible individuals to psychotic symptoms. Although THC can accelerate the onset of schizophrenia, CBD displays antipsychotic properties, can prevent the acquisition of emotionally irrelevant memories, and reverses amphetamine-induced neuronal sensitization through selective phosphorylation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) molecular signaling pathway. This review summarizes clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrating that distinct phytocannabinoids act within the VHipp and associated corticolimbic structures to modulate emotional memory processing through changes in mesolimbic DA activity states, salience attribution, and signal transduction pathways associated with schizophrenia-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Hudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Walter Rushlow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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91
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Naneix F, Darlot F, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Pape JR, Coutureau E, Cador M. Protracted motivational dopamine-related deficits following adolescence sugar overconsumption. Neuropharmacology 2018; 129:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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92
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Lee JW, Kim WY, Cho BR, Vezina P, Kim JH. Leptin in the nucleus accumbens core disrupts acute cocaine effects: Implications for GSK3β connections. Behav Brain Res 2018; 337:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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93
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Sumner PJ, Bell IH, Rossell SL. A systematic review of the structural neuroimaging correlates of thought disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 84:299-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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94
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Chakroborty S, Geisbush TR, Dale E, Pehrson AL, Sánchez C, West AR. Impact of Vortioxetine on Synaptic Integration in Prefrontal-Subcortical Circuits: Comparisons with Escitalopram. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:764. [PMID: 29123483 PMCID: PMC5662919 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal-subcortical circuits support executive functions which often become dysfunctional in psychiatric disorders. Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant that is currently used in the clinic to treat major depressive disorder. Mechanisms of action of vortioxetine include serotonin (5-HT) transporter blockade, 5-HT1A receptor agonism, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonism, and 5-HT1D, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptor antagonism. Vortioxetine facilitates 5-HT transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), however, the impact of this compound on related prefrontal-subcortical circuits is less clear. Thus, the current study examined the impact of systemic vortioxetine administration (0.8 mg/kg, i.v.) on spontaneous spiking and spikes evoked by electrical stimulation of the mPFC in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial shell of the nucleus accumbens (msNAc), and lateral septal nucleus (LSN) in urethane-anesthetized rats. We also examined whether vortioxetine modulated afferent drive in the msNAc from hippocampal fimbria (HF) inputs. Similar studies were performed using the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)] escitalopram (1.6 mg/kg, i.v.) to enable comparisons between the multimodal actions of vortioxetine and SSRI-mediated effects. No significant differences in spontaneous activity were observed in the ACC, msNAc, and LSN across treatment groups. No significant impact of treatment on mPFC-evoked responses was observed in the ACC. In contrast, vortioxetine decreased mPFC-evoked activity recorded in the msNAc as compared to parallel studies in control and escitalopram treated groups. Thus, vortioxetine may reduce mPFC-msNAc afferent drive via a mechanism that, in addition to an SSRI-like effect, requires 5-HT receptor modulation. Recordings in the LSN revealed a significant increase in mPFC-evoked activity following escitalopram administration as compared to control and vortioxetine treated groups, indicating that complex modulation of 5-HT receptors by vortioxetine may offset SSRI-like effects in this region. Lastly, neurons in the msNAc were more responsive to stimulation of the HF following both vortioxetine and escitalopram administration, indicating that elevation of 5-HT tone and 5-HT receptor modulation may facilitate excitatory hippocampal synaptic drive in this region. The above findings point to complex 5-HT receptor-dependent effects of vortioxetine which may contribute to its unique impact on the function of prefrontal-subcortical circuits and the development of novel strategies for treating mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Chakroborty
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thomas R Geisbush
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elena Dale
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alan L Pehrson
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
| | - Connie Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anthony R West
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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95
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Eckstrand KL, Choukas-Bradley S, Mohanty A, Cross M, Allen NB, Silk JS, Jones NP, Forbes EE. Heightened activity in social reward networks is associated with adolescents' risky sexual behaviors. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 27:1-9. [PMID: 28755632 PMCID: PMC5901964 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent sexual risk behavior can lead to serious health consequences, yet few investigations have addressed its neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Social neurocircuitry is postulated to underlie the development of risky sexual behavior, and response to social reward may be especially relevant. Typically developing adolescents (N=47; 18M, 29F; 16.3±1.4years; 42.5% sexual intercourse experience) completed a social reward fMRI task and reported their sexual risk behaviors (e.g., lifetime sexual partners) on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Neural response and functional connectivity to social reward were compared for adolescents with higher- and lower-risk sexual behavior. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors demonstrated increased activation in the right precuneus and the right temporoparietal junction during receipt of social reward. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors also demonstrated greater functional connectivity between the precuneus and the temporoparietal junction bilaterally, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and left anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The greater activation and functional connectivity in self-referential, social reward, and affective processing regions among higher sexual risk adolescents underscores the importance of social influence underlying sexual risk behaviors. Furthermore, results suggest an orientation towards and sensitivity to social rewards among youth engaging in higher-risk sexual behavior, perhaps as a consequence of or vulnerability to such behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Eckstrand
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Arpita Mohanty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marissa Cross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Neil P Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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96
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Lu FM, Zhou JS, Zhang J, Wang XP, Yuan Z. Disrupted small-world brain network topology in pure conduct disorder. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65506-65524. [PMID: 29029449 PMCID: PMC5630349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conduct disorder (CD) is characterized by the violation of the rights of others or basic social rules and a repetitive, persistent pattern of antisocial and aggressive behaviors. A large number of functional and structural neuroimaging studies have identified widely abnormalities in specific brain regions in CD, but the alterations in the topological organization of functional networks among them remain largely unknown. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity in 18 pure CD patients and eighteen typically developing healthy controls. We first constructed the functional networks and then examined the CD-related alteration in topology properties using graph theoretical analysis. RESULTS Both the CD group and healthy controls exhibited small-world topology. However, the CD group showed decreased global and local efficiency. Changes in the nodal characteristics in CD group were found predominantly in the default-mode network, visual, and striatum regions. In addition, altered fronto-limbic-striatum network topology was found to have a relationship with clinical scores. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the altered nodal topology of brain functional connectivity networks in CD. SIGNIFICANCE The results provide unequivocal evidence of a topological disruption in the brain networks that suggest some possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Mei Lu
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jian-Song Zhou
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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97
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Hoque KE, Blume SR, Sammut S, West AR. Electrical stimulation of the hippocampal fimbria facilitates neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity in the medial shell of the rat nucleus accumbens: Modulation by dopamine D1 and D2 receptor activation. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:151-157. [PMID: 28887183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The medial shell region of the nucleus accumbens (msNAc) is a key center for the regulation of goal-directed behavior and is likely to be dysfunctional in neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction, depression and schizophrenia. Nitric oxide (NO)-producing interneurons in the msNAc are potently modulated by dopamine (DA) and may play an important role in synaptic integration in msNAc networks. In this study, neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) activity was measured in anesthetized rats using amperometric microsensors implanted into the msNAc or via histochemical techniques. In amperometric studies, NO oxidation current was recorded prior to and during electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral fimbria. Fimbria stimulation elicited a frequency and intensity-dependent increase in msNAc NO efflux which was attenuated by systemic administration of the nNOS inhibitor NG-propyl-l-arginine. Parallel studies using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry to assay nNOS activity produced highly complementary outcomes. Moreover, systemic administration of either a DA D1 receptor agonist or a DA D2 receptor antagonist potentiated nNOS activity in the msNAc elicited by fimbria stimulation. These observations demonstrate for the first time that NO synthesis in nNOS expressing interneurons in the msNAc is facilitated by robust activation of hippocampal afferents in a manner that is differentially modulated by DA D1 and D2 receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Hoque
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University, The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Shannon R Blume
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University, The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Stephen Sammut
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University, The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Anthony R West
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University, The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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98
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Escobar AP, González MP, Meza RC, Noches V, Henny P, Gysling K, España RA, Fuentealba JA, Andrés ME. Mechanisms of Kappa Opioid Receptor Potentiation of Dopamine D2 Receptor Function in Quinpirole-Induced Locomotor Sensitization in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:660-669. [PMID: 28531297 PMCID: PMC5569963 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased locomotor activity in response to the same stimulus is an index of behavioral sensitization observed in preclinical models of drug addiction and compulsive behaviors. Repeated administration of quinpirole, a D2/D3 dopamine agonist, induces locomotor sensitization. This effect is potentiated and accelerated by co-administration of U69593, a kappa opioid receptor agonist. The mechanism underlying kappa opioid receptor potentiation of quinpirole-induced locomotor sensitization remains to be elucidated. Methods Immunofluorescence anatomical studies were undertaken in mice brain slices and rat presynaptic synaptosomes to reveal kappa opioid receptor and D2R pre- and postsynaptic colocalization in the nucleus accumbens. Tonic and phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats repeatedly treated with U69593 and quinpirole was assessed by microdialysis and fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Results Anatomical data show that kappa opioid receptor and D2R colocalize postsynaptically in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens and the highest presynaptic colocalization occurs on the same dopamine terminals. Significantly reduced dopamine levels were observed in quinpirole, and U69593-quinpirole treated rats, explaining sensitization of D2R. Presynaptic inhibition induced by kappa opioid receptor and D2R of electrically evoked dopamine release was faster in U69593-quinpirole compared with quinpirole-repeatedly treated rats. Conclusions Pre- and postsynaptic colocalization of kappa opioid receptor and D2R supports a role for kappa opioid receptor potentiating both the D2R inhibitory autoreceptor function and the inhibitory action of D2R on efferent medium spiny neurons. Kappa opioid receptor co-activation accelerates D2R sensitization by contributing to decrease dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica P Escobar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Marcela P González
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Rodrigo C Meza
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Verónica Noches
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Pablo Henny
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - José A Fuentealba
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - María E Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
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Reward and threat in the adolescent brain: implications for leadership development. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-03-2015-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
In the last 10 to 15 years, research studies have focused on the effects of differences across generations that result in differences in cultural expectations within the workplace (e.g. Arsenault, 2004). Different generations create shared attitudes to work and preferences for types of work which result in differences in their perception of, for instance, what makes a good leader or even the value of leadership within an organisation. While these generational differences are real, these analyses do not take into account differences that might result from the age, and therefore developmental stage, of the populations being assessed. The neuroscience literature clearly shows that there are maturational differences in the brain which are not complete until late teens to early 20s. It is therefore possible that some of the generational differences result from differences in processing ability resulting from structural immaturities in the brain. In particular, there are differences in the rate of maturation of areas of the brain related to reward sensitivity, threat sensitivity and regulation of behaviour which result in substantial differences in behaviour from adolescence through into adulthood. The purpose of this paper is to consider the effect of maturational changes in the brain on behaviours related to leadership and to outline ways in which these changes can be addressed in order to encourage young people to develop as leaders. This will include providing suitable experiences of leadership to encourage the faster development of the neural structures which underlie these capabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
Recent advances in neural imaging have resulted in a substantial increase in research investigating the development of the brain during adolescence. A literature review was conducted to find adolescent research that investigated decision making and risk taking. The data obtained were integrated and implications for leadership were drawn from an analysis of the resulting theoretical framework.
Findings
The research into decision-making processes in adolescents and younger adults points to a number of ways in which these differ from mature decision making. Younger people: (find it harder to inhibit behaviours) are more responsive to immediate reward; are more optimistic about the outcome of risky decisions; and are more responsive to social rewards (Jones et al., 2014). They also lack the experiences that adults use to distil the gist of a situation and therefore are more dependent on conscious, cost-benefit analysis of the outcome of decisions.
Practical implications
An understanding of the differences between adult and adolescent decision making points to the role of experience as a key factor in mature decision making. If adolescents are to make mature decisions, they have to be offered suitable challenges in safe environments from which they can gain expertise in leadership decision making. These can be designed to account for differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment in this group. In addition, young adults would benefit from learning the gist interpretations that have been extracted from situations by experienced leaders. This suggests that adolescents and adults would benefit from simulated leadership experiences and leadership mentoring.
Social implications
The Baby Boomer generation who currently hold many of the leadership positions in organisations are coming close to requirement. They will have to be replaced by members of Generation X and the Millennial Generation resulting in potentially younger leaders. In addition, flatter organisational structures that are currently being implemented in many organisations will require leadership at many more levels. Thus, we need to be able to develop leadership skills in a more diverse and younger section of society. Understanding how the brain develops can help us to design appropriate leadership experiences and training for this upcoming generation of young leaders.
Originality/value
Recent advances in neuroscience of adolescence provide a unique opportunity to bring new evidence to bear on our understanding of decision making in young adults. This provides practical implications for how to develop leadership within this group and to support them as they gain experience in this domain. The evidence also points to a benefit for the increased risk taking seen in adolescence since this leads to greater motivation to try new, and potentially risky, ventures. Through a better understanding of the differences in decision making, we can both help adolescents to develop more mature decision making faster while benefitting from the optimism of youth.
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100
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Bagot RC, Cates HM, Purushothaman I, Vialou V, Heller EA, Yieh L, LaBonté B, Peña CJ, Shen L, Wittenberg GM, Nestler EJ. Ketamine and Imipramine Reverse Transcriptional Signatures of Susceptibility and Induce Resilience-Specific Gene Expression Profiles. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:285-295. [PMID: 27569543 PMCID: PMC5164982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining transcriptional regulation by antidepressants in key neural circuits implicated in depression and understanding the relation to transcriptional mechanisms of susceptibility and natural resilience may help in the search for new therapeutic agents. Given the heterogeneity of treatment response in human populations, examining both treatment response and nonresponse is critical. METHODS We compared the effects of a conventional monoamine-based tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, and a rapidly acting, non-monoamine-based antidepressant, ketamine, in mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress, a validated depression model, and used RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptional profiles associated with susceptibility, resilience, and antidepressant response and nonresponse in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and amygdala. RESULTS We identified similar numbers of responders and nonresponders after ketamine or imipramine treatment. Ketamine induced more expression changes in the hippocampus; imipramine induced more expression changes in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala. Transcriptional profiles in treatment responders were most similar in the PFC. Nonresponse reflected both the lack of response-associated gene expression changes and unique gene regulation. In responders, both drugs reversed susceptibility-associated transcriptional changes and induced resilience-associated transcription in the PFC. CONCLUSIONS We generated a uniquely large resource of gene expression data in four interconnected limbic brain regions implicated in depression and its treatment with imipramine or ketamine. Our analyses highlight the PFC as a key site of common transcriptional regulation by antidepressant drugs and in both reversing susceptibility- and inducing resilience-associated molecular adaptations. In addition, we found region-specific effects of each drug, suggesting both common and unique effects of imipramine versus ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary C. Bagot
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hannah M. Cates
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Immanuel Purushothaman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Vincent Vialou
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth A Heller
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Lynn Yieh
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ and LaJolla, CA
| | - Benoit LaBonté
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Catherine J. Peña
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Li Shen
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Eric J Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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