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HBM-II-Werte für Perfluoroctansäure (PFOA) und Perfluoroctansulfonsäure (PFOS) in Blutplasma – Stellungnahme der Kommission Human-Biomonitoring des Umweltbundesamtes. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:356-360. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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52
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Regulation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) in Drinking Water: A Comprehensive Review. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are receiving global attention due to their persistence in the environment through wastewater effluent discharges and past improper industrial waste disposal. They are resistant to biological degradation and if present in wastewater are discharged into the environment. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued drinking water Health Advisories for PFOA and PFOS at 70 ng/L each and for the sum of the two. The need for an enforceable primary drinking water regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is currently being assessed. The USEPA faces stringent legal constraints and technical barriers to develop a primary drinking water regulation for PFOA and PFOS. This review synthesizes current knowledge providing a publicly available, comprehensive point of reference for researchers, water utilities, industry, and regulatory agencies to better understand and address cross-cutting issues associated with regulation of PFOA and PFOS contamination of drinking water.
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53
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Ali JM, Roberts SM, Gordon DS, Stuchal LD. Derivation of a chronic reference dose for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) for reproductive toxicity in mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104452. [PMID: 31487490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a six-carbon perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid that was used as an industrial surfactant, but is now found as an environmental contaminant worldwide. In addition to its use as an industrial surfactant, it is a legacy contaminant from the use of aqueous film-forming foams. Despite its widespread occurrence in the environment and evidence of biological activity associated with PFHxS and similar perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids in rodents, there is no oral toxicity value currently available from the IRIS Database. To derive an oral reference dose (RfD) for PFHxS, available toxicity studies were reviewed using a weight-of-evidence approach. A 42-day mouse reproductive study was chosen as the critical study for the derivation of the oral RfD. Benchmark dose modeling was utilized to derive a point of departure (POD) for a reduction in litter size. A 95% lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose (BMDL) of 13,900 ng/mL (serum PFHxS) was modeled for a reduction in litter size. An oral RfD for PFHxS of 4.0 ng/kg/d was calculated by conversion of the BMDL to a human equivalent oral dose using a human half-life adjusted dosimetric conversion factor and the application of a total uncertainty factor of 300. Additional research is needed to better characterize the toxicity associated with oral exposure to PFHxS and refine the development of toxicity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Ali
- Permitting and Environmental Health Bureau, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 03302, USA.
| | - Stephen M Roberts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David S Gordon
- Permitting and Environmental Health Bureau, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 03302, USA
| | - Leah D Stuchal
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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54
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Zafeiraki E, Gebbink WA, van Leeuwen SPJ, Dassenakis E, Megalofonou P. Occurrence and tissue distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in sharks and rays from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:379-387. [PMID: 31158666 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), enter into the marine ecosystem, raising questions on possible adverse effects caused to the health of marine organisms and especially of top predators. Thus, there is an urge to assess the occurrence and the tissue distribution of PFASs in apex predators. To this end, the current study examines concentrations and distribution of 15 PFASs among 85 samples of different tissues from 9 shark and ray species collected in Greece. The results showed a similar PFAS pattern among the different tissues, with long carbon chain PFASs being the most frequently detected compounds. PFTrDA was the most predominant compound in terms of concentration and frequency of detection, followed by PFUnDA and PFOS. PFTrDA concentrations ranged between < LOQ and 27.1 ng/g ww, while PFUnDA and PFOS levels ranged from <LOQ to 16.0 and < LOQ to 21.6 ng/g ww, respectively. Regarding their frequency of detection, PFTrDA and PFUnDA were detected in 98% and 91% of the samples, respectively, while PFOS was detected in 79%. ΣPFAS concentrations in each analysed tissue ranged from 0.3 to 85 ng/g ww, with the latter being detected in the liver of angular roughshark (Oxynotus centrina). On average, PFASs were found to be accumulated in tissues in the following order: gonads > heart > liver ≈ gills > muscle. Relative contribution (%) of individual compounds to ΣPFAS concentration varied among the different shark tissues, and also among the different shark species. No correlation between PFASs levels in tissues and sharks' gender, length and geographical origin was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Zafeiraki
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Section III, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Pesticides Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Stefan P J van Leeuwen
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emmanouil Dassenakis
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Section III, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Persefoni Megalofonou
- Department of Biology, Section of Zoology - Marine Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 15784, Athens, Greece
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55
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Reardon AJF, Karathra J, Ribbenstedt A, Benskin JP, MacDonald AM, Kinniburgh DW, Hamilton TJ, Fouad K, Martin JW. Neurodevelopmental and Metabolomic Responses from Prenatal Coexposure to Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and Methylmercury (MeHg) in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1656-1669. [PMID: 31340646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) are major contaminants of human blood that are both common in dietary fish, thereby raising questions about their combined impact on human development. Here, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats ingested a daily dose, from gestational day 1 through to weaning, of either 1 mg/kg bw PFOS (PFOS-only), 1 mg/kg MeHg (MeHg-only), a mixture of 0.1 mg/kg PFOS and 1 mg/kg MeHg (Low-Mix), or of 1 mg/kg of PFOS and 1 mg/kg MeHg (High-Mix). Newborns were monitored for physical milestones and reflexive developmental responses, and in juveniles the spontaneous activity, anxiety, memory, and cognition were assessed. Targeted metabolomics of 199 analytes was applied to sectioned brain regions of juvenile offspring. Newborns in the High-Mix group had decreased weight gain as well as delayed reflexes and innate behavioral responses compared to controls and individual chemical groups indicating a toxicological interaction on early development. In juveniles, cumulative mixture effects increased in a dose-dependent manner in tests of anxiety-like behavior. However, other developmental test results suggested antagonism, as PFOS-only and MeHg-only juveniles had increased hyperactivity and thigmotaxic behavior, respectively, but fewer effects in Low-Mix and High-Mix groups. Consistent with these behavioral observations, a pattern of antagonism was also observed in neurochemicals measured in rat cortex, as PFOS-only and MeHg-only juveniles had altered concentrations of metabolites (e.g., lipids, amino acids, and biogenic amines), while no changes were evident in the combined exposures. The cortical metabolites altered in PFOS-only and MeHg-only exposed groups are involved in inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. These proof-of-principle findings at relatively high doses indicate the potential for toxicological interaction between PFOS and MeHg, with developmental-stage specific effects. Future mixture studies at lower doses are warranted, and prospective human birth cohorts should consider possible confounding effects from PFOS and mercury exposure on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J F Reardon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G3 , Canada
| | - Jacqueline Karathra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G3 , Canada
| | - Anton Ribbenstedt
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , Stockholm SE-11418 , Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , Stockholm SE-11418 , Sweden
| | - Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology , MacEwan University , Edmonton , Alberta T5J 4S2 , Canada
| | - Karim Fouad
- Department of Physical Therapy , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G4 , Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G3 , Canada.,Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , Stockholm SE-11418 , Sweden
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56
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Chou WC, Lin Z. Bayesian evaluation of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) to characterize the interspecies uncertainty between mice, rats, monkeys, and humans: Development and performance verification. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:408-422. [PMID: 31152982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in the risk assessment of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is the large interspecies differences in its toxicokinetics that results in substantial uncertainty in the dosimetry and toxicity extrapolation from animals to humans. To address this challenge, the objective of this study was to develop an open-source physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model accounting for species-specific toxicokinetic parameters of PFOS. Considering available knowledge about the toxicokinetic properties of PFOS, a PBPK model for PFOS in mice, rats, monkeys, and humans after intravenous and oral administrations was created. Available species-specific toxicokinetic data were used for model calibration and optimization, and independent datasets were used for model evaluation. Bayesian statistical analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation was performed to optimize the model and to characterize the uncertainty and interspecies variability of chemical-specific parameters. The model predictions well correlated with the majority of datasets for all four species, and the model was validated with independent data in rats, monkeys, and humans. The model was applied to predict human equivalent doses (HEDs) based on reported points of departure in selected critical toxicity studies in rats and monkeys following U.S. EPA's guidelines. The lower bounds of the model-derived HEDs were overall lower than the HEDs estimated by U.S. EPA (e.g., 0.2 vs. 1.3 μg/kg/day based on the rat plasma data). This integrated and comparative analysis provides an important step towards improving interspecies extrapolation and quantitative risk assessment of PFOS, and this open-source model provides a foundation for developing models for other perfluoroalkyl substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chou
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
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57
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Interspecies differences in perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) toxicokinetics and application to health-based criteria. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 106:239-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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58
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Reardon AJF, Khodayari Moez E, Dinu I, Goruk S, Field CJ, Kinniburgh DW, MacDonald AM, Martin JW. Longitudinal analysis reveals early-pregnancy associations between perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and thyroid hormone status in a Canadian prospective birth cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:389-399. [PMID: 31150980 PMCID: PMC6859374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Serum perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been linked to disruption of maternal thyroid hormone homeostasis, but results have varied between studies which we hypothesized was due to timing of the thyroid hormone measurements, variability in PFAA isomer patterns, or presence of other stressors. In a longitudinal study design, we investigated the time-dependency of associations between PFAA isomers and thyroid hormones during pregnancy and post-partum while considering thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) status and mercury (Hg) co-exposure. In participants of a prospective Canadian birth cohort (n = 494), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and TPOAb were quantified in maternal plasma collected in each trimester and 3-months postpartum, and 25 PFAAs (15 linear and 10 branched) and Hg were quantified in samples collected during the second trimester. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and total branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were positively associated with TSH in mixed-effect models, with strongest associations early in gestation. Throughout pregnancy and post-partum, PFHxS was inversely associated with FT4, consistent with elevated TSH, while Hg was inversely associated with FT3. In TPOAb-positive women, negative associations were found between PFUnA and FT4, and 1m-PFOS and TSH, supporting previous studies that thyroid disorder could increase susceptibility to PFAA-mediated hormone dysregulation. Hg did not confound associations but was a significant interaction term, revealing further positive associations between PFOS isomers (∑3m+4m-PFOS) and TSH. Higher perfluoroalkyl sulfonate exposures were associated with higher TSH and/or lower FT4, strongly suggestive that PFHxS and branched PFOS isomers are risk factors for subclinical maternal hypothyroidism. Isomer-specific analysis is important in future studies, as crude measures of 'total-PFOS' masked the associations of branched isomers. A concerning result was for PFHxS which had consistent negative associations with FT4 at all time points and a positive association with TSH in early pregnancy when fetal development is most sensitive to disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J F Reardon
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Irina Dinu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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59
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Breastfeeding as a Predictor of Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Reproductive-Aged Women and Young Children: A Rapid Systematic Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:213-224. [PMID: 29737463 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals widely detected in human serum, and at low levels in breast milk. We conducted a rapid systematic review on breastfeeding practices and serum concentrations of PFASs-specifically PFOS and PFOA-among reproductive-aged women and young children using the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology. RECENT FINDINGS We included 14 studies examining associations between breastfeeding and PFASs in infants/toddlers or pregnant/postnatal women. Breastfeeding was significantly associated with lower PFASs exposure among women and higher PFASs exposure among children. We concluded there was "sufficient" evidence supporting an association between breastfeeding and serum PFASs concentrations among women, and "limited" evidence of an association among children due to issues with sample size, confounding, and exposure assessment. These findings reinforce that lactation is an important excretion route of PFASs for women, and that breast milk may be an important exposure pathway for young children.
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60
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Wang Y, Wang L, Chang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu W. Neurotoxic effects of perfluoroalkyl acids: Neurobehavioral deficit and its molecular mechanism. Toxicol Lett 2019; 305:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Pachkowski B, Post GB, Stern AH. The derivation of a Reference Dose (RfD) for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) based on immune suppression. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:452-469. [PMID: 30739020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is ubiquitous in populations and environments worldwide. Its long half-life in humans, indefinite persistence in the environment, and awareness of its widespread presence in drinking water make the human health assessment of PFOS a priority. While developmental, endocrine, and hepatic effects, and increased serum cholesterol are among the outcomes resulting from PFOS exposure, immunosuppression has also consistently emerged as an adverse effect. An in-depth review of the relevant scientific literature on the toxicology of PFOS has identified immunosuppression as a sensitive endpoint for PFOS toxicity. Here, we focus specifically on that endpoint and provide a detailed derivation of a Reference Dose (RfD) of 1.8 × 10-6 mg/kg/day for chronic human exposure to PFOS. This RfD is based on decreased plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in mice, an endpoint that reflects suppression of the immune response to a foreign antigen. We additionally identify two endpoints in the epidemiology literature, decreased vaccine response and increased incidence of childhood infections, that are associated with PFOS exposure and that are consistent with and support the decreased PFC response endpoint from animal studies. We provide a weight of evidence analysis integrating the evidence from animal and epidemiology endpoints. Finally, we compare this RfD to the PFOS RfD derived by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Water based on a developmental endpoint. Based on this comparison, and given our assessment, the USEPA RfD does not provide sufficient protection against the adverse health effects of PFOS. The RfD derived herein is intended to be public health protective and appropriately minimizes PFOS exposure based on available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pachkowski
- Bureau for Risk Analysis, Division of Science, Research and Environmental Health, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, NJ, USA.
| | - Gloria B Post
- Bureau for Risk Analysis, Division of Science, Research and Environmental Health, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, NJ, USA.
| | - Alan H Stern
- Bureau for Risk Analysis, Division of Science, Research and Environmental Health, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, NJ, USA.
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62
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Conley JM, Lambright CS, Evans N, Strynar MJ, McCord J, McIntyre BS, Travlos GS, Cardon MC, Medlock-Kakaley E, Hartig PC, Wilson VS, Gray LE. Adverse Maternal, Fetal, and Postnatal Effects of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (GenX) from Oral Gestational Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:37008. [PMID: 30920876 PMCID: PMC6768323 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid [(HFPO-DA), GenX] is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemical class, and elevated levels of HFPO-DA have been detected in surface water, air, and treated drinking water in the United States and Europe. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the potential maternal and postnatal toxicities of oral HFPO-DA in rats during sexual differentiation. Given that some PFAS activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), we sought to assess whether HFPO-DA affects androgen-dependent development or interferes with estrogen, androgen, or glucocorticoid receptor activity. METHODS Steroid receptor activity was assessed with a suite of in vitro transactivation assays, and Sprague-Dawley rats were used to assess maternal, fetal, and postnatal effects of HFPO-DA exposure. Dams were dosed daily via oral gavage during male reproductive development (gestation days 14-18). We evaluated fetal testes, maternal and fetal livers, maternal serum clinical chemistry, and reproductive development of F1 animals. RESULTS HFPO-DA exposure resulted in negligible in vitro receptor activity and did not impact testosterone production or expression of genes key to male reproductive development in the fetal testis; however, in vivo exposure during gestation resulted in higher maternal liver weights ([Formula: see text]), lower maternal serum thyroid hormone and lipid profiles ([Formula: see text]), and up-regulated gene expression related to PPAR signaling pathways in maternal and fetal livers ([Formula: see text]). Further, the pilot postnatal study indicated lower female body weight and lower weights of male reproductive tissues in F1 animals. CONCLUSIONS HFPO-DA exposure produced multiple effects that were similar to prior toxicity evaluations on PFAS, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), but seen as the result of higher oral doses. The mean dam serum concentration from the lowest dose group was 4-fold greater than the maximum serum concentration detected in a worker in an HFPO-DA manufacturing facility. Research is needed to examine the mechanisms and downstream events linked to the adverse effects of PFAS as are mixture-based studies evaluating multiple PFAS. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Conley
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christy S. Lambright
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicola Evans
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J. Strynar
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - James McCord
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barry S. McIntyre
- Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory S. Travlos
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, NTP, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary C. Cardon
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phillip C. Hartig
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vickie S. Wilson
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. Earl Gray
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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63
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Boston CM, Banacos N, Heiger-Bernays W. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A National Priority for Safe Drinking Water. Public Health Rep 2019; 134:112-117. [PMID: 30763146 PMCID: PMC6410471 DOI: 10.1177/0033354919826567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Moore Boston
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie Banacos
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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64
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Du G, Hu J, Huang Z, Yu M, Lu C, Wang X, Wu D. Neonatal and juvenile exposure to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS): Advance puberty onset and kisspeptin system disturbance in female rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:412-421. [PMID: 30368134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are widespread and persistent chemicals in the environment, and limited data about their effects on puberty development are available. In order to explore the effects of neonatal and juvenile PFOA/PFOS exposure on puberty maturation, female rats were injected with PFOA or PFOS at 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg/day during postnatal day (PND) 1-5 or 26-30. The day of vaginal opening (VO) and first estrus were significantly advanced in 10 mg/kg PFOA, 1 and 10 mg/kg PFOS groups after neonatal and juvenile exposure. Besides, neonatal PFOA/PFOS exposure increased body weight and anogenital distance (AGD) in a non-dose-dependent manner. Estradiol and luteinizing hormone levels were also increased with more frequent occurrences of irregular estrous cycles in 0.1 and 1 mg/kg PFOA/PFOS exposure groups. Although no altered ovarian morphology was observed, follicles numbers were reduced in neonatal groups. Kiss1, Kiss1r and ERα mRNA expressions were downregulated after two periods' exposure in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei. PFOA/PFOS exposure also suppressed kisspeptin fiber intensities, especially at the high dose. In conclusion, neonatal and juvenile are critical exposure periods, during which puberty maturation may be vulnerable to environmental exposure of PFOA/PFOS, and kisspeptin system plays a key role during these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Jialei Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Bodin L, Cravedi JP, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, van Loveren H, Gergelova P, Mackay K, Levorato S, van Manen M, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05194. [PMID: 32625773 PMCID: PMC7009575 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
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66
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Du J, Tang J, Xu S, Ge J, Dong Y, Li H, Jin M. Parental transfer of perfluorooctane sulfonate and ZnO nanoparticles chronic co-exposure and inhibition of growth in F1 offspring. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 98:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lehmann GM, LaKind JS, Davis MH, Hines EP, Marchitti SA, Alcala C, Lorber M. Environmental Chemicals in Breast Milk and Formula: Exposure and Risk Assessment Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:96001. [PMID: 30187772 PMCID: PMC6375394 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human health risk assessment methods have advanced in recent years to more accurately estimate risks associated with exposure during childhood. However, predicting risks related to infant exposures to environmental chemicals in breast milk and formula remains challenging. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to compile available information on infant exposures to environmental chemicals in breast milk and formula, describe methods to characterize infant exposure and potential for health risk in the context of a risk assessment, and identify research needed to improve risk analyses based on this type of exposure and health risk information. METHODS We reviewed recent literature on levels of environmental chemicals in breast milk and formula, with a focus on data from the United States. We then selected three example publications that quantified infant exposure using breast milk or formula chemical concentrations and estimated breast milk or formula intake. The potential for health risk from these dietary exposures was then characterized by comparison with available health risk benchmarks. We identified areas of this approach in need of improvement to better characterize the potential for infant health risk from this critical exposure pathway. DISCUSSION Measurements of chemicals in breast milk and formula are integral to the evaluation of risk from early life dietary exposures to environmental chemicals. Risk assessments may also be informed by research investigating the impact of chemical exposure on developmental processes known to be active, and subject to disruption, during infancy, and by analysis of exposure-response data specific to the infant life stage. Critical data gaps exist in all of these areas. CONCLUSIONS Better-designed studies are needed to characterize infant exposures to environmental chemicals in breast milk and infant formula as well as to improve risk assessments of chemicals found in both foods. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geniece M Lehmann
- Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Judy S LaKind
- LaKind Associates, LLC, Catonsville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew H Davis
- Office of Children's Health Protection, U.S. EPA, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Erin P Hines
- Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Satori A Marchitti
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ORD, U.S. EPA, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cecilia Alcala
- Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH), ORD, U.S. EPA, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Chen F, Wei C, Chen Q, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhou Z, Chen M, Liang Y. Internal concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) comparable to those of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induce reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:223-229. [PMID: 29705512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is considered a less-toxic replacement for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), with multiple applications in industrial and consumer products. Previous studies comparing their toxicity generally used similar exposure levels, without taking internal concentrations into account. The current study compared the reproductive toxicity of PFOS and PFBS, at similar internal concentrations, to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). PFBS was much less bioaccumulative than PFOS. The 48-h median lethal concentrations (LC50) for PFOS and PFBS were 1.4 μM (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.6) and 794 μM (95% CI: 624-1009), respectively. Egg production and brood number of C. elegans decreased markedly following exposure to 0.1 μM PFOS or 1000 or 1500 μM PFBS. Germ-cell apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species increased significantly following exposure to 2 μM PFOS or 500 or 1000 μM PFBS. Expression of the antioxidant genes sod-3, ctl-2, and gst-4 and the pro-apoptotic genes egl-1 and ced-13 was altered significantly following PFOS and PFBS exposure. These findings indicate that both chemicals exert reproductive toxicity in C. elegans, probably owing to germ-cell apoptosis resulting from elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. The vastly different exposure concentrations of PFBS and PFOS used in this study produced similar internal concentrations, leading to the reproductive toxicities observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Minjie Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China; School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China.
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Xin Y, Ren XM, Ruan T, Li CH, Guo LH, Jiang G. Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkylether Sulfonates Exhibit Similar Binding Potency and Activity to Thyroid Hormone Transport Proteins and Nuclear Receptors as Perfluorooctanesulfonate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9412-9418. [PMID: 30052437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkylether sulfonates (Cl-PFAESs) have been used as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) alternatives in the chrome plating industry for years. Although Cl-PFAESs have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants, knowledge on their toxicological mechanism remains very limited. We compared potential thyroid hormone (TH) disruption effects of Cl-PFAESs and PFOS via the mechanisms of competitive binding to TH transport proteins and activation of TH receptors (TRs). Fluorescence binding assays revealed that 6:2 Cl-PFAES, 8:2 Cl-PFAES and F-53B (a mixture of 6:2 and 8:2 Cl-PFAES) all interacted with a TH transport protein transthyretin (TTR), with 6:2 Cl-PFAES showing the highest affinity. It was also found that the chemicals interacted with TRs, with the affinity following the order of 6:2 Cl-PFAES > PFOS > 8:2 Cl-PFAES. In reporter gene assays the chemicals exhibited agonistic activity toward TRs, with the potency of 6:2 Cl-PFAES comparable to that of PFOS. The chemicals also promoted GH3 cell proliferation, with 6:2 Cl-PFAES displaying the highest potency. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation revealed that both Cl-PFAESs fit into the ligand binding pockets of TTR and TRs with the binding modes similar to PFOS. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Cl-PFAESs might cause TH disruption effects through competitive binding to transport proteins and activation of TRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Chuan-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510150 , China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
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Lee YA, Kim JH, Jung HW, Lim YH, Bae S, Kho Y, Hong YC, Shin CH, Yang SW. The serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl compounds were inversely associated with growth parameters in 2-year old children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:226-232. [PMID: 29438932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) and growth parameters was investigated in 2-year-old Korean children. The study included 361 children aged 2years (192 boys and 169 girls; 22-27months), born at term appropriate-for-gestational-age, who visited between 2012 and 2013. Growth parameters of height and weight, and serum samples were collected from 2-year-old children. Four PFCs (perfluorohexane sulfonic acid [PFHxS], perfluorooctane sulfonic acid [PFOS], perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], and perfluorononanoic acid [PFNA]), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) were detected in >99, 93.4, 89.8, and 74.2% of the serum samples, respectively. The duration of breastfeeding was positively associated with the serum concentrations of ln-transformed PFHxS, PFOS, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA (all P<0.001). Height at 2years of age was inversely related to PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA concentrations (adjusted β per ln unit [95% confidence interval, CI]: -0.84 [-1.26, -0.42], -0.77 [-1.27, -0.15], -0.91 [-1.36, -0.47], -0.48 [-1.40, -0.51], and -0.44 [-0.77, -0.10] cm, respectively), after adjusting for age, sex, and midparental height. Weight at 2years of age was inversely associated with PFNA (adjusted β per ln unit [95% CI]: -0.32 [-0.48, -0.15] kg), after adjusting for age, sex, and parental BMI. In conclusion, the serum concentrations of PFCs were inversely associated with growth parameters in 2-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woon Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyunghee University Kyunghee Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment & Safety, Eulji University, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei Won Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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71
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Liu CY, Chen PC, Lien PC, Liao YP. Prenatal Perfluorooctyl Sulfonate Exposure and Alu DNA Hypomethylation in Cord Blood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1066. [PMID: 29795014 PMCID: PMC6025582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are stable and persistent in the environment, animals, and humans. PFASs can penetrate placenta and affect fetal growth. We investigated associations between prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) and global methylation levels. Specific Aims and Methods: The study used the subjects from Taiwan Birth Panel birth cohort study, including all pregnant women who gave birth between July 2004 and June 2005 in four hospitals in Taipei city and New Taipei City. A total of 363 mother-infant pairs were included in the final analyses. PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFUA were measured by UPLC-MS/MS in cord blood. LINE-1 and Alu repeated elements from cord blood was used to represent global DNA methylation levels. Multivariable regression models were used to adjust potential confounders. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounders, each unit increase in the natural log-transformed PFOS exposure was associated with an adjusted OR of 1.72 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.88) for low Alu methylation level when dichotomized methylation level by medium. No significant effects between PFOA, PFNA, PFUA and methylation levels in the multivariable regression models were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that prenatal PFOS exposure may be associated with low Alu methylation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chen Lien
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Peng Liao
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
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72
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Chang S, Butenhoff JL, Parker GA, Coder PS, Zitzow JD, Krisko RM, Bjork JA, Wallace KB, Seed JG. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate in CD-1 mice. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 78:150-168. [PMID: 29694846 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate (K+PFHxS) was evaluated for reproductive/developmental toxicity in CD-1 mice. Up to 3 mg/kg-d K+PFHxS was administered (n = 30/sex/group) before mating, for at least 42 days in F0 males, and for F0 females, through gestation and lactation. F1 pups were directly dosed with K+PFHxS for 14 days after weaning. There was an equivocal decrease in live litter size at 1 and 3 mg/kg-d, but the pup-born-to-implant ratio was unaffected. Adaptive hepatocellular hypertrophy was observed, and in 3 mg/kg-d F0 males, it was accompanied by concomitant decreased serum cholesterol and increased alkaline phosphatase. There were no other toxicologically significant findings on reproductive parameters, hematology/clinical pathology/TSH, neurobehavioral effects, or histopathology. There were no treatment-related effects on postnatal survival, development, or onset of preputial separation or vaginal opening in F1 mice. Consistent with previous studies, our data suggest that the potency of PFHxS is much lower than PFOS in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Chang
- 3M Company, Medical Department, St. Paul, MN 55144, United States.
| | | | - George A Parker
- Charles River Pathology Associates Inc, Durham NC 27703, United States
| | - Prägati S Coder
- Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, OH 44805, United States
| | | | - Ryan M Krisko
- 3M Company, Medical Department, St. Paul, MN 55144, United States
| | - James A Bjork
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Kendall B Wallace
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
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Zhang S, Peng H, Mu D, Zhao H, Hu J. Simultaneous determination of (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol)-based phosphate diester and triester and their biotransformation to perfluorooctanesulfonate in freshwater sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:821-829. [PMID: 29247945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol)-based phosphates (SAmPAPs) have been proposed as a group of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) precursors, investigation of their occurrence and fate has been limited to SAmPAP diester. In this study, SAmPAP diester and triester were simultaneously determined in freshwater sediment from Taihu Lake using a newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method, and their biotransformation to PFOS in lake sediment was investigated. SAmPAP diester and triester were detected in sediments with a detection frequency of 56% and 88%, and their mean concentrations were 0.24 ± 0.11 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 0.12 ± 0.03 ng/g dw, respectively. The SAmPAP diester/triester ratio in sediment was 1.1 ± 4.2, much lower than that (6.7) observed in the technical product, and the positive correlation was found between the concentrations of SAmPAP diester and PFOS in sediments (r2 = 0.45, p = 0.01), suggesting that SAmPAP diester would be biotransformed to PFOS in the lake sediment. The microbial degradation test in the lake sediments further clarified that SAmPAP diester was biodegraded to PFOS, but SAmPAP triester was highly recalcitrant to microbial degradation. This study suggests that the occurrence of SAmPAP diester in freshwater lake sediments may be an important precursor of PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Di Mu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Alp G, Aydogan N. Enhancing the Spreading Behavior on Pulmonary Mucus Mimicking Subphase via Catanionic Surfactant Solutions: Toward Effective Drug Delivery through the Lungs. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1361-1370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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75
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Fang X, Wu C, Li H, Yuan W, Wang X. Elevation of intracellular calcium and oxidative stress is involved in perfluorononanoic acid–induced neurotoxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 34:139-145. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233717742262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is one of the major perfluorinated compounds found in both biological and abiotic samples and has recently been demonstrated to cause neurobehavioral defects in mammals. In this study, pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cells were exposed to various doses of PFNA to explore the cytotoxicity of PFNA to neurons and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. The results showed that exposure to PFNA dose-dependently decreased the viability of PC12 cells and increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase into cell culture media. Exposure to PFNA increased the malondialdehyde content and decreased the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity in PC12 cell culture supernatants. Exposure to PFNA increased the intracellular calcium level and upregulated the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) expression in PC12 cells. PFNA also decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in PC12 cells. These results suggested that exposure to PFNA elevated the intracellular calcium level and activated the CaMKII signaling pathway, which may aggravate oxidative stress in PC12 cells and lead to cell damage or cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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76
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Zhou Y, Bao WW, Qian ZM, Dee Geiger S, Parrish KL, Yang BY, Lee YL, Dong GH. Perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and urine CC16 levels among asthmatics: A case-control study of children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:158-163. [PMID: 28802206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported an association between serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and asthma. However, few studies have examined the possible associations between PFASs and the 16-kDa club cell secretory protein (Clara) (CC16) level, a prominent biomarker of asthma, among adolescents. METHODS We recruited a total of 231 asthmatic children and 225 non-asthmatic controls in the Genetic and Biomarkers study for Childhood Asthma (GBCA) in northern Taiwan from 2009 to 2010. Structured questionnaires were administered by face-to-face interview. Urine CC16 was determined by an enzyme-link immunoassay kit. Multiple general linear models were employed to examine the associations between PFASs and urinary CC16 levels. RESULTS Asthmatic participants had significantly higher serum PFAS concentrations overall than the healthy controls. After adjusting for confounding factors, urinary CC16 was significantly, negatively associated with PFASs, especially PFOS, PFOA, PFDA and PFNA, and especially among males, as follows: PFOS (β = -0.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.004, -0.002), PFOA (β = -0.045, 95% CI: -0.086, -0.004), and PFHxA (β = -0.310, 95% CI: -0.455, -0.165) among asthmatic boys, and PFDA (β = -0.126, 95%CI: -0.241, -0.012) and PFNA (β = -0.329, 95% CI: -0.526, -0.132) among non-asthmatic boys. Among girls, PFDA (β = -0.088, 95% CI: -0.172, -0.004), was the only PFAS significantly associated with CC16. Significant interaction effects (p < 0.15) on CC16 levels were found between asthma and PFOS, PFOA, PFBS and PFHxA in all participants. CONCLUSION Our overall results showed that serum PFASs were significantly, inversely associated with CC16 levels. Associations were stronger among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Katelyn L Parrish
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Dong Z, Bahar MM, Jit J, Kennedy B, Priestly B, Ng J, Lamb D, Liu Y, Duan L, Naidu R. Issues raised by the reference doses for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 105:86-94. [PMID: 28521193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
On 25th May 2016, the U.S. EPA released reference doses (RfDs) for Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) of 20ng/kg/day, which were much more conservative than previous values. These RfDs rely on the choices of animal point of departure (PoD) and the toxicokinetics (TK) model. At this stage, considering that the human evidence is not strong enough for RfD determination, using animal data may be appropriate but with more uncertainties. In this article, the uncertainties concerning RfDs from the choices of PoD and TK models are addressed. Firstly, the candidate PoDs should include more critical endpoints (such as immunotoxicity), which may lead to lower RfDs. Secondly, the reliability of the adopted three-compartment TK model is compromised: the parameters are not non-biologically plausible; and this TK model was applied to simulate gestation and lactation exposures, while the two exposure scenarios were not actually included in the model structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Dong
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Mezbaul Bahar
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Joytishna Jit
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, University Parade, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Bruce Kennedy
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brian Priestly
- Australian Centre for Human Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jack Ng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology-Entox, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dane Lamb
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Luchun Duan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Negri E, Metruccio F, Guercio V, Tosti L, Benfenati E, Bonzi R, La Vecchia C, Moretto A. Exposure to PFOA and PFOS and fetal growth: a critical merging of toxicological and epidemiological data. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:482-508. [PMID: 28617200 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1271972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological and epidemiological evidence on the association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and birth/fetal weight was assessed. An extensive search for toxicological information in rats and mice, and a systematic search for epidemiological evidence were conducted. The linear regression coefficient (LRC) of birth weight (BrthW) on PFOA/PFOS was considered, and separate random effects meta-analyses for untransformed (i.e. not mathematically transformed) and log-transformed values were performed. Toxicological evidence: PFOA: 12 studies (21 datasets) in mice showed statistically significant lower birth/fetal weights from 5 mg/kg body weight per day. PFOS: most of the 13 studies (19 datasets) showed lower birth/fetal weights following in utero exposure. Epidemiological evidence: Sixteen articles were considered. The pooled LRC for a 1 ng/mL increase in untransformed PFOA (12 studies) in maternal plasma/serum was -12.8 g (95% CI -23.2; 2.4), and -27.1 g (95% CI -50.6; -3.6) for an increase of 1 loge ng/mL PFOA (nine studies). The pooled LRC for untransformed PFOS (eight studies) was -0.92 g (95%CI -3.4; 1.6), and for an increase of 1 loge ng/mL was -46.1(95% CI -80.3; -11.9). No consistent pattern emerged for study location or timing of blood sampling. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological and toxicological evidence suggests that PFOA and PFOS elicit a decrease in BrthW both in humans and rodents. However, the effective animal extrapolated serum concentrations are 102-103 times higher than those in humans. Thus, there is no quantitative toxicological evidence to support the epidemiological association, thus reducing the biological plausibility of a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Negri
- a IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Metruccio
- b ICPS-International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention , ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco , Milan , Italy
| | - Valentina Guercio
- a IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy.,c Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Tosti
- b ICPS-International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention , ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco , Milan , Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- a IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Rossella Bonzi
- c Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- c Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Angelo Moretto
- b ICPS-International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention , ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco , Milan , Italy.,d Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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79
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Wimsatt J, Villers M, Thomas L, Kamarec S, Montgomery C, Yeung LWY, Hu Y, Innes K. Oral perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) lessens tumor development in the APC min mouse model of spontaneous familial adenomatous polyposis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:942. [PMID: 27927180 PMCID: PMC5143440 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths for both men and women, and the third most common cause of cancer in the U.S. Toxicity of current chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal cancer, and emergence of drug resistance underscore the need to develop new, potentially less toxic alternatives. Our recent cross-sectional study in a large Appalachian population, showed a strong, inverse, dose–response association of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) levels to prevalent colorectal cancer, suggesting PFOS may have therapeutic potential in the prevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer. In these preliminary studies using a mouse model of familial colorectal cancer, the APCmin mouse, and exposures comparable to those reported in human populations, we assess the efficacy of PFOS for reducing tumor burden, and evaluate potential dose–response effects. Methods At 5–6 weeks of age, APCmin mice were randomized to receive 0, 20, 250 mg PFOS/kg (females) or 0, 10, 50 and 200 mg PFOS/kg (males) via their drinking water. At 15 weeks of age, gastrointestinal tumors were counted and scored and blood PFOS levels measured. Results PFOS exposure was associated with a significant, dose–response reduction in total tumor number in both male and female mice. This inverse dose–response effect of PFOS exposure was particularly pronounced for larger tumors (r2 for linear trend = 0.44 for males, p’s <0.001). Conclusions The current study in a mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis offers the first experimental evidence that chronic exposure to PFOS in drinking water can reduce formation of gastrointestinal tumors, and that these reductions are both significant and dose-dependent. If confirmed in further studies, these promising findings could lead to new therapeutic strategies for familial colorectal cancer, and suggest that PFOS testing in both preventive and therapeutic models for human colorectal cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Wimsatt
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,West Virginia University, 186 HSCN, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA.
| | - Meghan Villers
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Stacey Kamarec
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Caitlin Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Leo W Y Yeung
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, SE-70182, Sweden
| | - Yanqing Hu
- Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kim Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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80
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Wang B, Chen Q, Shen L, Zhao S, Pang W, Zhang J. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in cord blood of newborns in Shanghai, China: Implications for risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:7-14. [PMID: 27770709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly used in industrial applications and consumer products, and their potential health impacts are of concern, especially for vulnerable population like fetuses. However, in utero exposure to PFASs and health implications are far from fully characterized in China. To fill in the gap, we analyzed 10 PFASs in cord plasma samples (N=687) collected in Shanghai between 2011 and 2012, one of the regions widely polluted with PFASs in China. A questionnaire survey on maternal and diet-related factors was conducted. Except for perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), all other PFASs were detected in ˃90% of the samples. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most predominant PFAS (median value: 6.96ng/mL), followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (2.48ng/mL). PFOA and PFOS combined contributed to 80% of the total PFASs. The final multiple regression models showed that maternal factors including maternal age, body mass index, gestational age, economic status and educational level as well as consumption of fish and wheat were significantly related with concentrations of PFASs in cord blood. The risk assessment using the hazard quotients (HQs) approach on the basis of plasma PFAS levels indicated no potential concern for developmental toxicity in the local newborns. The results demonstrate the unique profiles of local prenatal exposure to PFASs, suggesting that PFOA has been the primary human exposure due to its widespread use and pollution. Special attention to high PFOA exposure and confirmation of potential determinants should be taken as a priority in the future plan for risk management and actions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Chen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lixiao Shen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiyi Pang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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81
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Kim SJ, Heo SH, Lee DS, Hwang IG, Lee YB, Cho HY. Gender differences in pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 3 perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:243-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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82
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Qu JH, Lu CC, Xu C, Chen G, Qiu LL, Jiang JK, Ben S, Wang YB, Gu AH, Wang XR. Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced testicular toxicity and differential testicular expression of estrogen receptor in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:150-7. [PMID: 27310206 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, CAS#1763-23-1) causes male reproductive toxicities, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, 0, 0.5 and 10mg/kg/day PFOS were given by oral gavage to adult mice for 5 weeks. In the 10mg/kg group, serum testosterone levels decreased significantly. Sperm counts declined which might be associated with the decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of germ cells. In relation to increased apoptosis, bax, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 levels elevated significantly, indicating that PFOS induced germ cell apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, the increase in levels of testicular estrogen receptor (ER) β was observed in both 0.5 and 10mg/kg group, whereas a decrease in ERα expression was only observed in 10mg/kg group. These results suggested that the alterations in testicular ERs expression, together with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of germ cells, might be involved in PFOS-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Qu
- School of Public Health, NanTong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Chun-Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Public Health, NanTong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Liang-Lin Qiu
- School of Public Health, NanTong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jun-Kang Jiang
- School of Public Health, NanTong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Shuai Ben
- School of Public Health, NanTong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yu-Bang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ai-Hua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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83
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Guo X, Li Q, Shi J, Shi L, Li B, Xu A, Zhao G, Wu L. Perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure causes gonadal developmental toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans through ROS-induced DNA damage. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:115-126. [PMID: 27108369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a common persistent organic pollutant, has been reported to show potential developmental toxicity in many animal studies. However, little was known about its effects on reproductive tissues, especially in the germ line. In the present study, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an in vivo experimental model to study the developmental toxicity caused by PFOS exposure, especially in the gonads. Our results showed that PFOS exposure significantly retarded gonadal development, as shown by the increased number of worms that remained in the larval stages after hatched L1-stage larvae were exposed to PFOS for 72 h. Investigation of germ line proliferation following PFOS exposure showed that the number of total germ cells reduced in a dose-dependent manner when L1-stage larvae were exposed to 0-25.0 μM PFOS. PFOS exposure induced transient mitotic cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the germ line. Quantification of DNA damage in proliferating germ cells and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that distinct foci of HUS-1:GFP and ROS significantly increased in the PFOS-treated groups, whereas the decrease in mitotic germ cell number and the enhanced apoptosis induced by PFOS exposure were effectively rescued upon addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and mannitol (MNT). These results suggested that ROS-induced DNA damage might play a pivotal role in the impairment of gonadal development indicated by the reduction in total germ cells, transient mitotic cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P O Box 1138, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P O Box 1138, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Jue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P O Box 1138, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Liulin Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Buqing Li
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P O Box 1138, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P O Box 1138, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P O Box 1138, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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84
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López-Doval S, Salgado R, Lafuente A. The expression of several reproductive hormone receptors can be modified by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in adult male rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:488-497. [PMID: 27151425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of several reproductive hormone receptors on the disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis activity induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The studied receptors are the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHr), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHr), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHr), and the androgen receptor (Ar). Adult male rats were orally treated with 1.0; 3.0 and 6.0 mg of PFOS kg(-1) d(-1) for 28 days. In general terms, PFOS can modify the relative gene and protein expressions of these receptors in several tissues of the reproductive axis. At the testicular level, apart from the expected inhibition of both gene and protein expressions of FSHr and Ar, PFOS also stimulates the GnRHr protein and the LHr gene expression. The receptors of the main hormones involved in the HPT axis may have an important role in the disruption exerted by PFOS on this axis.
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MESH Headings
- Alkanesulfonic Acids/chemistry
- Alkanesulfonic Acids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Fluorocarbons/chemistry
- Fluorocarbons/pharmacology
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- Male
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Receptors, LHRH/genetics
- Receptors, LHRH/metabolism
- Reproduction/drug effects
- Testis/drug effects
- Testis/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S López-Doval
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - R Salgado
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - A Lafuente
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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85
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Bach CC, Vested A, Jørgensen KT, Bonde JPE, Henriksen TB, Toft G. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and measures of human fertility: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:735-55. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1182117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Carlsen Bach
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Danish Ramazzini Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Tore Jørgensen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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86
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Zhang Q, Zhao H, Liu W, Zhang Z, Qin H, Luo F, Leng S. Developmental perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure results in tau hyperphosphorylation and β-amyloid aggregation in adults rats: Incidence for link to Alzheimer's disease. Toxicology 2016; 347-349:40-6. [PMID: 27018931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With regard to the defects of the cognitive function observed after developmental exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and earlier studies on the developmental neurotoxicology, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of developmental PFOS exposure in neurodegenerative disorders in later life. Two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tau hyperphosphorylation and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, were examined. SD rats were exposed to PFOS during only prenatal and/or postnatal period. Tau mRNA and protein levels were elevated by PFOS exposure. The phosphorylation of Tau at S199, T231 and S396 sites were also increased. Besides, PFOS exposure increased the Aβ1-42 levels, as well as the amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulation. The prenatal PFOS exposure caused alterations in the involved proteins at comparable levels with the postnatal and both prenatal and postnatal exposure. Thus, it has raised some evidence that early PFOS exposure can affect processes linked to neurodegeneration, enhancing the AD pathological risk. And PFOS exposures in early life may be of particular etiologic importance of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Song Leng
- Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
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87
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In utero perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure causes low body weights of fetal rats: A mechanism study. Placenta 2016; 39:125-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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88
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Lupton SJ, Dearfield KL, Johnston JJ, Wagner S, Huwe JK. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Plasma Half-Life Determination and Long-Term Tissue Distribution in Beef Cattle (Bos taurus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10988-10994. [PMID: 26684745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is used in consumer products as a surfactant and is found in industrial and consumer waste, which ends up in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). PFOS does not breakdown during WWTP processes and accumulates in the biosolids. Common practices include application of biosolids to pastures and croplands used for feed, and as a result, animals such as beef cattle are exposed to PFOS. To determine plasma and tissue depletion kinetics in cattle, 2 steers and 4 heifers were dosed with PFOS at 0.098 mg/kg body weight and 9.1 mg/kg, respectively. Plasma depletion half-lives for steers and heifers were 120 ± 4.1 and 106 ± 23.1 days, respectively. Specific tissue depletion half-lives ranged from 36 to 385 days for intraperitoneal fat, back fat, muscle, liver, bone, and kidney. These data indicate that PFOS in beef cattle has a sufficiently long depletion half-life to permit accumulation in edible tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Lupton
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Kerry L Dearfield
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA , 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, United States
| | - John J Johnston
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA , 2150 Centre Avenue, Building D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
| | - Sarah Wagner
- Department of Veterinary Technology, North Dakota State University , Hultz Hall Rm 165, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Janice K Huwe
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
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89
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Forns J, Iszatt N, White RA, Mandal S, Sabaredzovic A, Lamoree M, Thomsen C, Haug LS, Stigum H, Eggesbø M. Perfluoroalkyl substances measured in breast milk and child neuropsychological development in a Norwegian birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 83:176-82. [PMID: 26159671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are chemicals with potential neurotoxic effects although the current evidence is still limited. This study investigated the association between perinatal exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and neuropsychological development assessed at 6, 12 and 24 months. We measured PFOS and PFOA in breast milk samples collected one month after delivery by mothers of children participating in the HUMIS study (Norway). Cognitive and psychomotor development was measured at 6 and at 24 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-II). Behavioral development was assessed using the infant-toddler symptom checklist (ITSC) at 12 and at 24 months. Weighted logistic regression and weighted negative binomial regression models were applied to analyze the associations between PFASs and ASQ-II and ITSC, respectively. The median concentration of PFOS was 110 ng/L, while the median for PFOA was 40 ng/L. We did not detect an increased risk of having an abnormal score in ASQ-II at 6 months or 24 months. Moreover, no consistent increase in behavioral problems assessed at 12 and 24 months by ITSC questionnaire was detected. We observed no association between perinatal PFOS and PFOA exposure and early neuropsychological development. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the effects of these compounds on neuropsychological development in older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Forns
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Iszatt
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - R A White
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Mandal
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Sabaredzovic
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Lamoree
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Thomsen
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L S Haug
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Stigum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Eggesbø
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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90
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Zeng HC, He QZ, Li YY, Wu CQ, Wu YM, Xu SQ. Prenatal exposure to PFOS caused mitochondia-mediated apoptosis in heart of weaned rat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1082-1090. [PMID: 24616003 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanyl sulfonate (PFOS), a cardiac toxicity compound, has been widely detected in the environment and in organisms. However, the toxic mechanism is not clear. Our previous study indicated that prenatal PFOS exposure led to swollen mitochondrial with vacuolar structure and loss of cristae in offsping's heart. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PFOS on the apoptosis in developing heart and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to PFOS at doses of 0.1, 0.6, and 2.0 mg/kg-d and 0.05% Tween 80 as control by gavage from gestation day 2 (GD 2) to GD 21. Apoptosis, as well as expression of apoptosis related genes associated with mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway, including p53, bcl-2, bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were analyzed in heart tissues from weaned (postnatal day 21, PND 21) offspring. The results showed that prenatal PFOS exposure resulted in apoptosis in the offspring's heart. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53, bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in the offspring's heart were enhanced in various PFOS-treated groups, meanwhile, the bcl-2 expression levels were decreased. Our results indicated that prenatal PFOS exposure induced the apoptosis of weaned offspring rat heart tissue via mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Cai Zeng
- Post-Doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Zhi He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Qiu Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Mou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Qing Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
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91
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Ding G, Wang L, Zhang J, Wei Y, Wei L, Li Y, Shao M, Xiong D. Toxicity and DNA methylation changes induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:225-230. [PMID: 25723714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an ubiquitous persistent organic pollutant, which can be bioaccumulated and cause adverse effects on organisms. However, there is very limited information about the toxic effects of PFOS to marine organisms and its mechanisms. Therefore, in the present study, adult sea urchins Glyptocidaris crenularis were exposed to PFOS for 21 d, followed by a 7-d depuration period, in order to investigate the toxicity of PFOS to sea urchin and its potential epigenetic mechanisms. Sea urchins dropped spines, and lowered down the motor ability and feeding ability after the PFOS exposure. Superoxide dismutase activities in supernatant of coelomic fluid of sea urchin increased firstly and then dropped down, while the change of the catalase activity took an opposite trend during the exposure period. They both approached to the corresponding activity of the control after the depuration period. The DNA methylation polymorphism, methylation rate and demethylation rate in sea urchin gonad all increased following the prolonged exposure time, and then decreased after the depuration period. The demethylation rates were lower than the corresponding methylation rates, therefore methylation events were dominant during the whole experimental period. This might suggest that sea urchin have strong self-protection mechanisms and can survive from the PFOS exposure presented in this study. Further efforts are needed to more precisely investigate the DNA methylation effects of PFOS and the self-protection mechanism of sea urchin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, PR China.
| | - Luyan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Environment and Chemical Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- College of Environment and Chemical Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China
| | - Lie Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Mihua Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian 116026, PR China
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92
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Liu Y, Pereira AS, Beesoon S, Vestergren R, Berger U, Olsen GW, Glynn A, Martin JW. Temporal trends of perfluorooctanesulfonate isomer and enantiomer patterns in archived Swedish and American serum samples. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 75:215-222. [PMID: 25490284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) body burdens are attributable to both direct PFOS and indirect PFOS precursor (PreFOS) exposure. The relative importance of these two pathways has been estimated, but the relative temporal trajectory of exposure to PFOS and PreFOS has not been examined. Here, two hypothesized biomarkers of PreFOS exposure, PFOS isomer profiles (quantified as percent branched PFOS, %br-PFOS) and chiral 1m-PFOS enantiomer fractions (1m-PFOS EF) were analyzed in archived human serum samples of individual American adults (1974-2010) and pooled samples of Swedish primiparous women (1996-2010). After correcting for potential confounders, significant correlations between %br-PFOS and 1m-PFOS EFs were observed in American samples and in Swedish samples for the 1996-2000 period, supporting the hypothesis that both %br-PFOS and 1m-PFOS EF are biomarkers of PreFOS exposure. Significant trends of increasing %br-PFOS, from 2000 to 2010, and increasingly non-racemic 1m-PFOS EFs, from 1996 to 2000, were detected in Swedish samples. No statistically significant trend for %br-PFOS or 1m-PFOS EF was observed in American samples, but American males had significantly higher %br-PFOS and significantly lower 1m-PFOS EF (i.e. more non-racemic) than females, and a similar significant difference was shown in the older age group, relative to the younger age group. These temporal trends in %br-PFOS and 1m-PFOS EF are not easily explained and the results highlight uncertainties about how humans are exposed to PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Liu
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alberto S Pereira
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanjay Beesoon
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robin Vestergren
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Hjalmar Johansens gt. 14, Tromsø NO-9296, Norway
| | - Urs Berger
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Geary W Olsen
- 3M Company, Medical Department, St. Paul 55144, MN, USA
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, National Food Agency, Uppsala SE-751 26, Sweden
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Alberta, Canada.
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93
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Louis GMB, Chen Z, Schisterman EF, Kim S, Sweeney AM, Sundaram R, Lynch CD, Gore-Langton RE, Barr DB. Perfluorochemicals and human semen quality: the LIFE study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:57-63. [PMID: 25127343 PMCID: PMC4286271 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between persistent environmental chemicals and semen quality is evolving, although limited data exist for men recruited from general populations. OBJECTIVES We examined the relation between perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) and semen quality among 501 male partners of couples planning pregnancy. METHODS Using population-based sampling strategies, we recruited 501 couples discontinuing contraception from two U.S. geographic regions from 2005 through 2009. Baseline interviews and anthropometric assessments were conducted, followed by blood collection for the quantification of seven serum PFCs (perfluorosulfonates, perfluorocarboxylates, and perfluorosulfonamides) using tandem mass spectrometry. Men collected a baseline semen sample and another approximately 1 month later. Semen samples were shipped with freezer packs, and analyses were performed on the day after collection. We used linear regression to estimate the difference in each semen parameter associated with a one unit increase in the natural log-transformed PFC concentration after adjusting for confounders and modeling repeated semen samples. Sensitivity analyses included optimal Box-Cox transformation of semen quality end points. RESULTS Six PFCs [2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (Me-PFOSA-AcOH), perfluorodecanoate (PFDeA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)] were associated with 17 semen quality end points before Box-Cox transformation. PFOSA was associated with smaller sperm head area and perimeter, a lower percentage of DNA stainability, and a higher percentage of bicephalic and immature sperm. PFDeA, PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS were associated with a lower percentage of sperm with coiled tails. CONCLUSIONS Select PFCs were associated with certain semen end points, with the most significant associations observed for PFOSA but with results in varying directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine M Buck Louis
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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94
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Determination of 20 Perfluorinated Compounds in Animal Liver by HPLC-MS/MS. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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95
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Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Quan X. Effects of developmental perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure on spatial learning and memory ability of rats and mechanism associated with synaptic plasticity. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 76:70-6. [PMID: 25524167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on cognitive function in developing rats and the underlying mechanism associated with synaptic plasticity. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with 0, 5, and 15 mg/L of PFOS via drinking water during gestation and lactation. Offspring were exposed to PFOS on prenatal and/or postnatal days by cross-fostering. Spatial learning and memory abilities were tested from postnatal day (PND) 35. We also analyzed the expression pattern of the synaptic plasticity-related genes and proteins in the hippocampus on PND7 and PND35. Results revealed that PFOS exposure reduced the spatial learning and memory abilities of the offspring, particularly of those with prenatal exposure. Meanwhile, protein levels of growth-associated protein-43, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, nerve growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor decreased on PND35, which are involved in the formation of synaptic plasticity. In contrast, significant increase in gap-43, ncam1, and bdnf genes on the mRNA level was observed on PND7, possibly due to the post-transcriptional mechanism. Results of both behavioral effects and molecular endpoints suggested the high risk of prenatal PFOS exposure. The decline of spatial learning and memory abilities induced by developmental PFOS exposure was closely related to synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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96
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Hansmeier N, Chao TC, Herbstman JB, Goldman LR, Witter FR, Halden RU. Elucidating the molecular basis of adverse health effects from exposure to anthropogenic polyfluorinated compounds using toxicoproteomic approaches. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:51-8. [PMID: 25350270 DOI: 10.1021/pr500990w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Linear, short-chain polyfluorinated and perfluorinated alkyl compounds, often referred to as PFCs, have been in worldwide use as surfactants and polymer precursors for decades, and environmental dispersal of these highly persistent compounds represents a public health threat. Whereas ubiquitous low-level exposure to these compounds has been demonstrated in human populations from around the world, the exact mechanisms of toxicity and their toxic potency remain subject to investigation and scientific dispute. As with other environmental exposures, a major hurdle for gaining a better understanding of their human health impacts is the limited utility of cell culture and animal models serving as convenient, yet imperfect proxies to human physiology and disease. The present communication provides a brief overview of the current understanding of potential health effects of PFC exposure and examines how new toxicoproteomic methodologies can provide insight into the molecular mechanism of PFC exposure. Furthermore, we showcase an exemplary data set to illustrate how toxicoproteomic, population-wide studies might overcome limitations of animal models to more fully understand the metabolism and effects of PFCs and other environmental stressors where it matters most, in human populations experiencing real-world, chronic, low-level exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hansmeier
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück , Barbarastrasse 11, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
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97
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Strøm M, Hansen S, Olsen SF, Haug LS, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Halldorsson TI. Persistent organic pollutants measured in maternal serum and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes--a prospective study with long-term follow-up. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 68:41-8. [PMID: 24704638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been linked to adverse neurodevelopment, but few studies have had follow-up beyond childhood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of maternal serum concentrations of two perfluoroalkyl acids (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) with offspring behavioural and affective disorders and scholastic achievement in a prebirth cohort study with 20 years of follow up. Between 1988 and 1989 pregnant women (n=965) were recruited for the prebirth Danish Fetal Origins 1988 (DaFO88) Cohort in Aarhus, Denmark. Perfluoroalkyl acids, PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and HCB were quantified in serum from week 30 of gestation (n=876 for perfluoroalkyl acids/872 for PCBs, p,p'-DDE, HCB). Offspring were followed up through national registries until 2011. We evaluated associations between maternal serum concentrations of these POPs and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes, defined as: first admission diagnosis or prescription of medication until age >20 for (1) ADHD; (2) depression; and (3) scholastic achievement defined as mean grade on a standardized written examination given in the 9th grade (final exams of compulsory school in Denmark). Maternal concentrations of organochlorine substances and perfluoroalkyl acids were higher than present day levels. During the follow-up period there were 27 (3.1%) cases of ADHD and 104 (11.9%) cases of depression; the mean scholastic achievement was 6.7 (SD 2.3). Overall we found no association for maternal levels of any of the measured pollutants with offspring behavioural and affective disorders or with scholastic achievement. Our analyses based on biomarkers from a cohort of over 800 pregnant women with long-term close to complete follow-up through national registries showed little evidence of a programming effect of PFOA, PFOS, PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and HCB in relation to clinically and functionally relevant offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Strøm
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Hansen
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Sjúrður Fróði Olsen
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0406 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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98
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Chen J, Tanguay RL, Tal TL, Gai Z, Ma X, Bai C, Tilton SC, Jin D, Yang D, Huang C, Dong Q. Early life perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) exposure impairs zebrafish organogenesis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:124-32. [PMID: 24667235 PMCID: PMC4159678 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As a persistent organic contaminant, perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) has been widely detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans. The present study revealed that zebrafish embryos exposed to 16 μM PFOS during a sensitive window of 48-96 hour post-fertilization (hpf) disrupted larval morphology at 120 hpf. Malformed zebrafish larvae were characterized by uninflated swim bladder, less developed gut, and curved spine. Histological and ultrastructural examination of PFOS-exposed larvae showed structural alterations in swim bladder and gut. Whole genome microarray was used to identify the early transcripts dysregulated following exposure to 16 μM PFOS at 96 hpf. In total, 1278 transcripts were significantly misexpressed (p<0.05) and 211 genes were changed at least two-fold upon PFOS exposure in comparison to the vehicle-exposed control group. A PFOS-induced network of perturbed transcripts relating to swim bladder and gut development revealed that misexpression of genes were involved in organogenesis. Taken together, early life stage exposure to PFOS perturbs various molecular pathways potentially resulting in observed defects in swim bladder and gut development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Tamara L Tal
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Zengxin Gai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chenglian Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Daqing Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Dongren Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Changjiang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qiaoxiang Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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99
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Karakas-Celik S, Aras N. An in-vitro investigation of the effect of perfluorooctane sulphonate on cell lines of embryonic origin. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3755-9. [PMID: 24535269 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated organic compounds, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate, are stable chemicals with a wide range of industrial applications. The potential toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate is not well characterized, and even less known are the mechanisms underlying its toxic effects. Perfluorooctane sulfonate change of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability has been implicated as a potential mechanism of toxicity. In this study, we research that perfluorooctane sulfonate effects the expression of Apaf1 and Caspase3 genes in the amnion and fetal lung cell line that initiate the cells to undergo apoptosis. The expression of Caspase3 and Apaf1 was determined by using quantitative RT-PCR. In the study there is significant increase in expression of Caspase3 and Apaf1 in amnion and fetal lung cell line exposed to high dose (p < 0.001, p = 0.004). Also there is significant increase in cell lines exposed for a long period of time to perfluorooctane sulfonate (p = 0.001). But no significant increase was seen in the low doses and exposed for a short period of time. In conclusion, apoptotic gene expression is increase in cells exposed perfluorooctane sulfonate by dose dependent manner was determined. So this work is the first study examines the apoptotic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate in human embryonic cells it will lead the way to the other topical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Karakas-Celik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey,
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100
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Bayat S, Geiser F, Kristiansen P, Wilson SC. Organic contaminants in bats: trends and new issues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 63:40-52. [PMID: 24263138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to contaminants, often pesticides, has been implicated as a major factor contributing to decreases in bat populations. Bats provide essential ecosystem services and a sustained, thriving population is vital for ecosystem health. Understanding issues threatening their survival is crucial for their protection and conservation. This paper provides the first review for 12years on organic pollutants in bats and aims to investigate trends and any new issues impacting bat resilience. Organochlorine (OC) pesticides have been reported most often, especially in the older literature, with the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolite, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), present at highest concentrations in tissues analyzed. The OC pesticide concentrations reported in bat tissues have declined significantly since the late 1970s, presumably as a result of restrictions in use. For example, DDE study mean concentrations over time periods 1970-1980, 1981-1999 and 2000-2013 ranged from 2.6-62, 0.05-2.31, 0.08-0.19ppm wet weight, respectively. Exposure, however, still occurs from remaining residues, many years after the compounds have been actively used. In recent years (2000-2013), a range of other organic chemicals have been reported in bat tissues including brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ether at a mean concentration of 2.9ppm lipid weight) and perfluorinated compounds (perfluorooctanyl sulfonate at a mean concentration 0.09ppm wet weight). The persistent organic compounds concentrate in tissues with higher fat content notably back-depot fat. Numerous factors influence exposure, residues detected and concentrations in different individuals, species and tissues which must be understood to provide meaningful assessment of the impacts of exposure. Exposure can lead to not only acute and lethal impacts, but also physiological sub-lethal and chronic effects, often linked to the annual cycle of fat deposition and withdrawal. Current challenges for bat conservation include collation of a more extensive and standardized database of bat exposure, especially to current use pesticides and emerging contaminants, and better prediction and definition of toxicity end points notably for the sub-lethal effects. Understanding sub-lethal effects will be of greater importance for sustaining populations in the longer-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bayat
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - Fritz Geiser
- Centre for Behavioral and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Paul Kristiansen
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Susan C Wilson
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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