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The Prevalence of High- and Low-Risk Types of HPV in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and Healthy Individuals Living in Poland. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122180. [PMID: 34943415 PMCID: PMC8699972 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus with the potential to infect human epithelial cells and an etiological agent of many types of cancer, including head and neck cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), patients with chronic tonsillitis, and healthy individuals, and to establish high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in these groups. The objectives also comprised the delineation of the relationship between the infection with high- or low-risk HPV subtypes and clinicopathological and demographic characteristics of the study groups. This study was composed of 76 patients diagnosed with HNSCC, 71 patients with chronic tonsillitis, and 168 cases without either of these conditions (the control group). HPV detection and identification of subtypes were performed on isolated DNA using a test which allowed detection of 33 common high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes. The prevalence of HPV infection was 42.1%, 25.4%, and 37.5% in HNSCC, chronic tonsillitis, and control groups, respectively. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype in all groups and the non-oncogenic HPV 43/44 was frequent in HNSCC patients. This analysis provides insight into the prevalence of oral oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPVs in patients with head and neck cancer, patients with chronic tonsillitis and healthy individuals, and leads to the conclusion that further investigations are warranted to examine a larger cohort of patients focusing on high- and low-risk HPV genotypes. Efforts should be focused on screening and prevention strategies, and therefore, it is important to introduce tools for effective detection of HPV genotypes. Furthermore, given the role of vaccines against oral HPV infection, our observations lead to the suggestion that HPV vaccination should be of considerable importance in public health strategies.
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Tang SY, Liao YQ, Hu Y, Shen HY, Wan YP, Wu YM. HPV Prevalence and Genotype Distribution Among Women From Hengyang District of Hunan Province, China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:710209. [PMID: 34805062 PMCID: PMC8602211 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.710209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cervical cancers were closely associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Therefore, understanding the ecological diversity of HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among various populations in different geographical regions was essential for optimizing HPV vaccination and maximizing the vaccination effects. A total of 12,053 patient data from the three-level hospitals in Hengyang city were retrospectively analyzed. In this study, the HPV prevalence was 10.16% overall, and the multiple-type infection rate was 1.83%. The HR-HPV infection rate was 8.52%. The top six HPV genotypes were as follows in descending order: HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV53. The HPV prevalence in the group above 60 years old was the most, and their HR-HPV infection rate corresponded to the most too. The infection rates of HPV and HR-HPV among outpatients were both lower than those among the hospitalized-patients, respectively. Among the hospitalized-patients, the infection rates of HPV and HR-HPV among the 50–60 years group were the most in both. The HR-HPV ratio-in-positive among HPV-positive patients with the histopathologic examination was higher than that among those patients without. Among 52 HPV-positive patients with cervical squamous carcinoma, the ratio-in-positive of HPV16 was 61.54%. This study demonstrated that the HPV prevalence varied with age among women from Hengyang district of Hunan province in China and showed that HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV53 genotypes were more popularly distributed in this region, which could provide the experimental basis for Chinese public health measures on cervical cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yang Tang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ya-Qi Liao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi-Mou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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53
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Kayyal M, Bolhassani A, Noormohammadi Z, Sadeghizadeh M. Immunological responses and anti-tumor effects of HPV16/18 L1-L2-E7 multiepitope fusion construct along with curcumin and nanocurcumin in C57BL/6 mouse model. Life Sci 2021; 285:119945. [PMID: 34516991 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Human papillomavirus (HPV) L1, L2 and E7 proteins were used as target antigens for development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines. Moreover, linkage of antigens to heat shock proteins (HSPs) could enhance the potency of vaccines. Curcumin and nanocurcumin compounds were suggested as the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents against cancer. In this study, two multiepitope DNA and peptide-based vaccine constructs (L1-L2-E7 and HSP70-L1-L2-E7) were used along with curcumin and nanocurcumin to evaluate immune responses, and protective/therapeutic effects in tumor mouse model. MAIN METHODS At first, the multiepitope L1-L2-E7 and HSP70-L1-L2-E7 fusion genes were subcloned in eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression vectors. The recombinant multiepitope peptides were generated in E. coli strain. Then, the cytotoxic effects of curcumin and nanocurcumin were evaluated on HEK-293 T non-cancerous and C3 cancerous cells. Finally, mice vaccination was performed using different regimens. Curcumin and nanocurcumin compounds were administered alone or along with different vaccine constructs. KEY FINDINGS Our data indicated that the use of nanocurcumin along with the multiepitope HSP70-L1-L2-E7 vaccine construct could completely protect mice against HPV-related C3 tumor cells, and eradicate tumors in a therapeutic test. Furthermore, nanocurcumin showed higher protection than curcumin alone. Generally, curcumin and nanocurcumin compounds could reduce tumor growth synergistically with the multiepitope vaccine constructs, but they did not influence the immune responses in different regimens. SIGNIFICANCE These data demonstrated that the designed multiepitope vaccine constructs along with curcumin and nanocurcumin can be used as a promising method for HPV vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/administration & dosage
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Curcumin/administration & dosage
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Escherichia coli
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- HEK293 Cells
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/administration & dosage
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/administration & dosage
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/administration & dosage
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/genetics
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/immunology
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/genetics
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Kayyal
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Giuliani E, Rollo F, Donà MG, Garbuglia AR. Human Papillomavirus Oral Infection: Review of Methodological Aspects and Epidemiology. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111411. [PMID: 34832567 PMCID: PMC8625118 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has recently gained great attention because of its involvement in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The role of specific Alpha-HPVs in this regard has been well established, whereas the contribution of other genera is under investigation. Despite their traditional classification as “cutaneous” types, Beta and Gamma HPVs are frequently detected in oral samples. Due to the lack of a standardized protocol, a large variety of methodologies have been used for oral sample collection, DNA extraction, HPV detection and genotyping. Laboratory procedures influence the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, which largely varies also according to the population characteristics, e.g., age, gender, sexual behavior, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Nevertheless, oral infection by Beta and Gamma HPVs seems to be even more common than Alpha-HPVs. The latter is 5–7% in the general population, and increases up to 30% approximately in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Despite major advances in the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, its natural history is still little understood, especially for Beta and Gamma HPVs. The latest technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), can be exploited to gain new insights into oral HPV, and to improve the identification of novel HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652665393
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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Repurposing the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) screening test for whole-genome sequencing of human papillomaviruses. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3421-3425. [PMID: 34618227 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple and standardized approaches for genome analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) by next-generation sequencing are needed. The aim of the study was to develop a protocol for direct deep sequencing of high-risk (hr) HPV strains, based on the widely used commercial Hybrid Capture 2 (QIAGEN) test, without any additional probe design. This protocol was applied to 15 HPV-positive and two HPV-negative cervical samples or cell lines and validated at the genotype level by comparing the sequencing results to those obtained using a commercial genotyping kit. The performance of our protocol, presented in this proof-of-principle study, supports its use for accurate characterization of genetic variants of hrHPV.
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56
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Wang L, Chen G, Jiang J. Genotype Distribution and Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women in Northern Jiangsu Province of China. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7365-7372. [PMID: 34588814 PMCID: PMC8473932 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s332769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the risk factor for cervical cancer. Consequently, HPV DNA testing is an essential method for cervical cancer screening. Yet, data on the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV and cervical cytological among women in northern Jiangsu Province of China are very limited. Materials and Methods A total of 36,500 women were enrolled at the Department of Pathology of Jinhu County People’s Hospital between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. HPV genotypes was performed using YanengBio® Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Kit. Thin liquid cytology tests (TCT) were conducted, based on cytology conditions set by Bethesda in 2001. Results The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 28.95%; it was age-dependent; the number of infections was highest in the 40–49 age group. Six thousand three hundred eighty-two women (16.87%) were found to have a pure high-risk HPV infection, while 918 women (2.43%) were found to have a pure low-risk HPV infection. The 6 most predominant genotypes were HPV 52, 58, 16, 53, 56, and 33. Moreover, 8923 women (45.09%) were affected by ASCUS, 4531 (22.90%) by LSIL, 3726 (18.83%) by ASC-H, and 2610 (13.19%) by HSIL. Conclusion This study revealed a high burden of HPV infection among women in northern Jiangsu Province of China and identified the distribution of the prevalent top 6 HPV genotypes in this area, which can be used as a useful reference for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huaian City, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huaian City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huaian City, People's Republic of China
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57
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Sánchez-Barrientos G, Vega-Memije E, García-Corona C, Cuevas-González JC, Zavaleta-Villa B, Ibarra-Arce A, Olivo-Diaz A. Human Leukocyte Antigens -DQA1 and -DQB1 Alleles in Patients With Common Warts. Cureus 2021; 13:e18933. [PMID: 34812317 PMCID: PMC8604088 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The human papillomavirus induces the formation of lesions in different epithelia. Several studies describe an association of class II human leukocyte antigen with genital lesions, implying that they could also be related to the presence of common warts. The goal of this work was to determine the frequency of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 in Mexicans with common warts. Methods Thirty-two patients with a diagnosis of common warts, without any other systemic disease, and 100 healthy subjects from the same geographic area were recruited. The second exon of the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 loci was typed by dot-blot and chemiluminescence. Results Alleles DQA1*03:01:01 (P = 0.021) and DQB1*03:02 (P = 0.036) were associated with the presence of skin warts. DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04:02 (P = 0.009) and DQA1*03:01:01-DQB1*03:02 (P = 0.044) were the most frequent haplotypes in patients. Conclusion In conclusion, the results of our study showed that the alleles DQA1 *03:01:01, DQB1*03:02, DQA1 *04:01, and DQB1*04:02 were associated with susceptibility to common warts, while DQA1*05:01 was significantly diminished in them. Consequently, the haplotypes DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04: 02 and DQA1*03:01:01-DQB1*03:02 were found to be associated with susceptibility, and DQA1*05:01-DQB1*03:01 increased significantly in controls. Therefore, the alleles of the DQA1 and DQB1 genes that are associated with susceptibility could be presenting human papillomavirus (HPV) peptides to T lymphocytes that activate a Th2-type response (anti-inflammatory cytokines), which allows the development of skin warts in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Vega-Memije
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, MEX
| | | | - Juan C Cuevas-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Mexico City, MEX
| | - Beatriz Zavaleta-Villa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, MEX
| | - Aurora Ibarra-Arce
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, MEX
| | - Angelica Olivo-Diaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, MEX
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58
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Saleh M, Sellyei B, Kovács G, Székely C. Viruses Infecting the European Catfish ( Silurus glanis). Viruses 2021; 13:1865. [PMID: 34578446 PMCID: PMC8473376 DOI: 10.3390/v13091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquaculture, disease management and pathogen control are key for a successful fish farming industry. In past years, European catfish farming has been flourishing. However, devastating fish pathogens including limiting fish viruses are considered a big threat to further expanding of the industry. Even though mainly the ranavirus (Iridoviridea) and circovirus (Circoviridea) infections are considered well- described in European catfish, more other agents including herpes-, rhabdo or papillomaviruses are also observed in the tissues of catfish with or without any symptoms. The etiological role of these viruses has been unclear until now. Hence, there is a requisite for more detailed information about the latter and the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches to complete them. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about viruses that affect the European catfish and describe their origin, distribution, molecular characterisation, and phylogenetic classification. We also highlight the knowledge gaps, which need more in-depth investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Boglárka Sellyei
- Fish Pathology and Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21., 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (HAKI), Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget utca 35., 5540 Szarvas, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Székely
- Fish Pathology and Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21., 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (C.S.)
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59
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Chen Z, Utro F, Platt D, DeSalle R, Parida L, Chan PKS, Burk RD. K-Mer Analyses Reveal Different Evolutionary Histories of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Papillomaviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9657. [PMID: 34502564 PMCID: PMC8432194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a heterogeneous group of DNA viruses that can infect fish, birds, reptiles, and mammals. PVs infecting humans (HPVs) phylogenetically cluster into five genera (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, Mu- and Nu-PV), with differences in tissue tropism and carcinogenicity. The evolutionary features associated with the divergence of Papillomaviridae are not well understood. Using a combination of k-mer distributions, genetic metrics, and phylogenetic algorithms, we sought to evaluate the characteristics and differences of Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-PVs constituting the majority of HPV genomes. A total of 640 PVs including 442 HPV types, 27 non-human primate PV types, and 171 non-primate animal PV types were evaluated. Our analyses revealed the highest genetic diversity amongst Gamma-PVs compared to the Alpha and Beta PVs, suggesting reduced selective pressures on Gamma-PVs. Using a sequence alignment-free trimer (k = 3) phylogeny algorithm, we reconstructed a phylogeny that grouped most HPV types into a monophyletic clade that was further split into three branches similar to alignment-based classifications. Interestingly, a subset of low-risk Alpha HPVs (the species Alpha-2, 3, 4, and 14) split from other HPVs and were clustered with non-human primate PVs. Surprisingly, the trimer-constructed phylogeny grouped the Gamma-6 species types originally isolated from the cervicovaginal region with the main Alpha-HPV clade. These data indicate that characterization of papillomavirus heterogeneity via orthogonal approaches reveals novel insights into the biological understanding of HPV genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Filippo Utro
- Computational Genomics, IBM T. J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA; (F.U.); (D.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Daniel Platt
- Computational Genomics, IBM T. J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA; (F.U.); (D.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA;
| | - Laxmi Parida
- Computational Genomics, IBM T. J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA; (F.U.); (D.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Paul K. S. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Woman’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Saied AA, Metwally AA, Mohamed HMA, Haridy MAM. The contribution of bovines to human health against viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46999-47023. [PMID: 34272669 PMCID: PMC8284698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last 40 years, novel viruses have evolved at a much faster pace than other pathogens. Viral diseases pose a significant threat to public health around the world. Bovines have a longstanding history of significant contributions to human nutrition, agricultural, industrial purposes, medical research, drug and vaccine development, and livelihood. The life cycle, genomic structures, viral proteins, and pathophysiology of bovine viruses studied in vitro paved the way for understanding the human counterparts. Calf model has been used for testing vaccines against RSV, papillomavirus vaccines and anti-HCV agents were principally developed after using the BPV and BVDV model, respectively. Some bovine viruses-based vaccines (BPIV-3 and bovine rotaviruses) were successfully developed, clinically tried, and commercially produced. Cows, immunized with HIV envelope glycoprotein, produced effective broadly neutralizing antibodies in their serum and colostrum against HIV. Here, we have summarized a few examples of human viral infections for which the use of bovines has contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge to improve human health against viral infections covering the convergence between some human and bovine viruses and using bovines as disease models. Additionally, the production of vaccines and drugs, bovine-based products were covered, and the precautions in dealing with bovines and bovine-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman A Saied
- Department of Food Establishments Licensing (Aswan Branch), National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
- Touristic Activities and Interior Offices Sector (Aswan Office), Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Metwally
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Molecular Characterization of Human Papillomavirus Type 159 (HPV159). Viruses 2021; 13:v13081668. [PMID: 34452532 PMCID: PMC8402796 DOI: 10.3390/v13081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 159 (HPV159) was identified in an anal swab sample and preliminarily genetically characterized by our group in 2012. Here we present a detailed molecular in silico analysis that showed that the HPV159 viral genome is 7443 bp in length and divided into five early and two late genes, with conserved functional domains and motifs, and a non-coding long control region (LCR) with significant regulatory sequences that allow the virus to complete its life cycle and infect novel host cells. HPV159, clustering into the cutaneotropic Betapapillomavirus (Beta-PV) genus, is phylogenetically most similar to HPV9, forming an individual phylogenetic group in the viral species Beta-2. After testing a large representative collection of clinical samples with HPV159 type-specific RT-PCR, in addition to the anal canal from which the first HPV159 isolate was obtained, HPV159 was further detected in other muco-cutaneous (4/181, 2.2%), mucosal (22/764, 2.9%), and cutaneous (14/554, 2.5%) clinical samples, suggesting its extensive tissue tropism. However, because very low HPV159 viral loads were estimated in the majority of positive samples, it seemed that HPV159 mainly caused clinically insignificant infections of the skin and mucosa. Using newly developed, highly sensitive HPV159-specific nested PCRs, two additional HPV159 LCR viral variants were identified. Nevertheless, all HPV159 mutations were demonstrated outside important functional domains of the LCR, suggesting that the HPV159 viral variants were most probably not pathogenically different. This complete molecular characterization of HPV159 enhances our knowledge of the genome characteristics, tissue tropism, and phylogenetic diversity of Beta-PVs that infect humans.
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Brancaccio RN, Robitaille A, Dutta S, Rollison DE, Tommasino M, Gheit T. MinION nanopore sequencing and assembly of a complete human papillomavirus genome. J Virol Methods 2021; 294:114180. [PMID: 33965458 PMCID: PMC8223502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MinION sequencer belongs to the third generation of sequencing technology that allows for the generation of ultra-long reads, representing a potentially more effective approach to characterize entire viral genome sequences than other time-consuming and low-throughput methodologies. METHODS We report the use of the MinION nanopore sequencer to sequence the full-length genome of human papillomavirus (HPV)-ICB2 (7441 bp), which was previously characterized in our laboratory. Three independent MinION libraries were prepared and sequenced using either three consecutive 12 -h runs (Protocol A) or a single run of 48 h starting from a pool of three barcoded DNA libraries (Protocol B). A fully automated bioinformatics pipeline was developed for the reconstruction of the viral genome. RESULTS Protocols A and B generated 9,354,933 and 3,255,879 reads, respectively. Read length N50 values ranged between 6976 and 7360 nucleotides over the four sequencing runs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both protocols allowed for the reconstruction of the whole viral genome, with pairwise percentages of identity to HPV-ICB2 of 100 % for protocol A and 99.98 % for protocol B. CONCLUSION Our results show that the use of the MinION nanopore sequencer represents an effective strategy for whole-genome sequencing of HPVs with a minimal error rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario N Brancaccio
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sankhadeep Dutta
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Department of Viral Associated Human Cancer, Kolkata, India
| | - Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Jalali-Alhosseini P, Shoja Z, Soleimani-Jelodar R, Shokrallahnia-Roshan H, Jalilvand S. Lineage and sublineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 56 in cervical samples of Iranian women. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6412-6417. [PMID: 34329490 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the regional lineages and sublineages of human papillomavirus type 56 (HPV 56) would be of great importance for further evolutionary, epidemiological, and biological investigations. To identify the distribution of lineages and sublineages of HPV 56 in Iran, the sequence variations of the E6 gene were analyzed in normal, premalignant, and malignant samples obtained from the cervix. In total, 58 HPV 56-positive samples were investigated by nested-PCR and followed by bidirectional direct nucleotide sequencing analysis. Both lineages A and B were identified in the studied samples. Lineage B was dominant as it was detected in 88.4% of all samples and the remaining samples belonged to lineage A (11.6%). Sublineages A1 and A2 were detected in 3.3% and 8.3% of all samples, respectively. With regard to the pathological stages of cervical specimens, no statistically significant differences were found in the three studied groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings showed that lineage B of HPV 56 was prevalent in Iran. However, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to estimate the pathogenicity risk of HPV 56 lineages/sublineages to the progression of cervical cancer among Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Jalali-Alhosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rahim Soleimani-Jelodar
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kayyal M, Bolhassani A, Noormohammadi Z, Sadeghizadeh M. In Silico Design and Immunological Studies of Two Novel Multiepitope DNA-Based Vaccine Candidates Against High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:1192-1222. [PMID: 34308516 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV)-16 and 18 are the most prevalent types associated with cervical cancer. HPV L1 and L2 capsid proteins and E7 oncoprotein play crucial roles in HPV-related diseases. Hence, these proteins were proposed as target antigens for preventive and therapeutic vaccines. In this study, two multiepitope DNA-based HPV vaccine candidates were designed using in silico analysis including the immunogenic and conserved epitopes of HPV16/18 L1, L2 and E7 proteins (the L1-L2-E7 fusion DNA), and of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) linked to the L1-L2-E7 DNA construct (the HSP70-L1-L2-E7 fusion DNA). Next, the expression of the L1-L2-E7 and HSP70-L1-L2-E7 multiepitope DNA constructs was evaluated in a mammalian cell line. Finally, immunological responses and antitumor effects of the DNA constructs were investigated in C57BL/6 mice. Our data indicated high expression rates of the designed multiepitope L1-L2-E7 DNA (~ 56.16%) and HSP70-L1-L2-E7 DNA (~ 80.45%) constructs in vitro. The linkage of HSP70 epitopes to the L1-L2-E7 DNA construct significantly increased the gene expression. Moreover, the HSP70-L1-L2-E7 DNA construct could significantly increase immune responses toward Th1 response and CTL activity, and induce stronger antitumor effects in mouse model. Thus, the designed HSP70-L1-L2-E7 DNA construct represents promising results for development of HPV DNA vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Kayyal
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Human Papillomavirus Detection by Whole-Genome Next-Generation Sequencing: Importance of Validation and Quality Assurance Procedures. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071323. [PMID: 34372528 PMCID: PMC8310033 DOI: 10.3390/v13071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) yields powerful opportunities for studying human papillomavirus (HPV) genomics for applications in epidemiology, public health, and clinical diagnostics. HPV genotypes, variants, and point mutations can be investigated in clinical materials and described in previously unprecedented detail. However, both the NGS laboratory analysis and bioinformatical approach require numerous steps and checks to ensure robust interpretation of results. Here, we provide a step-by-step review of recommendations for validation and quality assurance procedures of each step in the typical NGS workflow, with a focus on whole-genome sequencing approaches. The use of directed pilots and protocols to ensure optimization of sequencing data yield, followed by curated bioinformatical procedures, is particularly emphasized. Finally, the storage and sharing of data sets are discussed. The development of international standards for quality assurance should be a goal for the HPV NGS community, similar to what has been developed for other areas of sequencing efforts including microbiology and molecular pathology. We thus propose that it is time for NGS to be included in the global efforts on quality assurance and improvement of HPV-based testing and diagnostics.
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Dai MZ, Qiu Y, Di XH, Shi WW, Xu HH. Association of cervical carcinogenesis risk with HPV16 E6 and E7 variants in the Taizhou area, China. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:769. [PMID: 34217247 PMCID: PMC8254333 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for a larger share of cervical cancer and has been a major health problem worldwide for decades. The progression of initial infection to cervical cancer has been linked to viral sequence properties; however, the role of HPV16 variants in the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, especially with longitudinal follow-up, is not fully understood in China. Methods We aimed to investigate the genetic variability of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes in isolates from cervical exfoliated cells. Between December 2012 and December 2014, a total of 310 single HPV16-positive samples were selected from women living in the Taizhou area, China. Sequences of all E6 and E7 oncogenes were analysed by PCR-sequencing assay. Detailed sequence comparison, genetic heterogeneity analyses and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree construction were performed with BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor and MEGA X software. Data for cytology tests and histological diagnoses were obtained from our Taizhou Area Study with longitudinal follow-up for at least 5 years. The relationship between HPV16 variants and cervical carcinogenesis risk was analysed by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results In this study, we obtained 64 distinct variation patterns with the accession GenBank numbers MT681266-MT681329. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 98.3% of HPV16 variants belong to lineage A, in which the A4 (Asian) sublineage was dominant (64.8%), followed by A2 (12.1%), A1 (11.4%), and A3 (10.0%). The A4 (Asian) sublineage had a higher risk of CIN2+ than the A1–3 (European) sublineages (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.04–6.97, P < 0.05). Furthermore, nucleotide variation in HPV16 E6 T178G is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion These data could provide novel insights into the role of HPV16 variants in cervical carcinogenesis risk in China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08531-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Dai
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China
| | - Xing-Hong Di
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China
| | - Wei-Wu Shi
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China
| | - Hui-Hui Xu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China.
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Hosseini N, Shoja Z, Younesi S, Shafiei-Jandaghi NZ, Jalilvand S. Lineage analysis of human papillomavirus types 31 and 45 in cervical samples of Iranian women. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3857-3864. [PMID: 33368429 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the regional lineages/sublineages of human papillomavirus 31 (HPV 31) and 45 would be of great importance for further evolutionary, epidemiological, and biological analysis. In this regard, to characterize more common lineages and sublineages of HPV 31 and 45, the sequence variations of E6 gene were investigated in normal, premalignant, and malignant samples collected from the cervix in Iran. In total, 54 HPV 31- and 24 HPV 45-positive samples were analyzed by hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested-PCR, respectively. All PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing analysis. The results indicated that all three lineages A, B, and C were detected in HPV 31-positive samples; among which HPV 31 lineage A was dominant as it was found in 66.7% of all samples. HPV 31 lineages B and C were identified in 5.5% and 27.8% of samples, respectively. In HPV 45-infected samples, lineage B comprised of 62.5% of all samples and the remaining 37.5% belonged to lineage A. In conclusion, our findings showed that lineage A of HPV 31 was predominant in Iran. Lineage B of HPV 45 was also dominant among Iranian women. However, further studies with larger sample size should be addressed to estimate the pathogenicity risk of HPV 31 or HPV 45 lineages/sublineages in the development of cervical cancer among Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarang Younesi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nilou Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Role of miRNAs in cervical cancer: A comprehensive novel approach from pathogenesis to therapy. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102159. [PMID: 33965650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection is a major causative agent and strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of HPV-induced cervical cancer is extremely useful in therapeutic strategies for primary prevention (HPV vaccines) and secondary prevention (screening and diagnosis of precancerous lesions). However, due to the lack of proper implementation of screening programs in developing countries, cervical cancer is usually diagnosed at advanced stages that result in poor treatment responses. Nearly half of the patients will experience disease recurrence within two years post treatment. Therefore, it is vital to identify new tools for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, implicated in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Growing evidence has shown that abnormal miRNA expression is associated with cervical cancer progression, metastasis, and influences treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide comprehensive information about miRNA and their potential utility in cervical cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management to improve patient outcomes.
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69
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Lv Z, Su J. Prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk HPV infection among women in Beijing, China. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5103-5109. [PMID: 33847386 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is highly associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotype distribution of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection varies greatly in different regions. Clinical specimens were collected from 46 365 patients at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2020. HPV DNA genotype testing was performed using real-time PCR. The infection rates based on disease group were compared using the χ 2 test. The linear-by-linear association test and gamma value were used to assess the changes in HPV prevalence over calendar year and age group. A total of 10 514 women were infected with HR-HPV, with an overall positive rate of 22.7%. The most prevalent HR-HPV types were HPV52, 58, 16, 51, and 66, and HPV59 had a higher prevalence except for HPV16, 58, and 52 in the CC group. Single infection of HR-HPV was dominant among different disease groups. The infection rate of HR-HPV decreased first and then increased from below 20 years old to over 60 years old. There were significant differences in the HR-HPV infection rates among the age and disease groups. Our findings demonstrate that the genotype distribution of HR-HPV varied with age and diseases. The HR-HPV genotypes prevalence was found to be directly useful for local governments to promote HPV targeted vaccination in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ogihara K, Ishihara A, Nagai M, Yamada K, Mizutani T, Harafuji M, Nishio H, Madarame H. Equine sarcoid of the glans penis with bovine papillomavirus type 1 in a miniature horse (Falabella). J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1016-1021. [PMID: 33907057 PMCID: PMC8267208 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 23-year-old Falabella gelding kept in Tochigi, Japan, for more than 20 years presented with a recurrent mass of the glans penis that was first noticed about a year earlier. Partial phallectomy was performed with no adjunctive therapy for local regrowth of the mass. The horse was euthanized 3 months after surgery for urinary retention due to suspected regrowth. The resected mass affected the genital and urethral mucosa of the glans penis, and was diagnosed as equine sarcoid by histopathology and identification of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the BPV genome of the sarcoid showed high sequence homology to BPV type 1 (BPV-1) from Hokkaido, Japan, suggesting a geographical relationship for BPV-1 in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikumi Ogihara
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Akikazu Ishihara
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Yamada
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Testuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | | | - Hisanari Nishio
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hiroo Madarame
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Hoes J, Woestenberg PJ, Bogaards JA, King AJ, de Melker HE, Berkhof J, Hoebe CJPA, van der Sande MAB, van Benthem BHB. Population Impact of Girls-Only Human Papillomavirus 16/18 Vaccination in The Netherlands: Cross-Protective and Second-Order Herd Effects. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e103-e111. [PMID: 33249475 PMCID: PMC7935392 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs achieve substantial population-level impact, with effects extending beyond protection of vaccinated individuals. We assessed trends in HPV prevalence up to 8 years postvaccination among men and women in the Netherlands, where bivalent HPV vaccination, targeting HPV types 16/18, has been offered to (pre)adolescent girls since 2009 with moderate vaccination coverage. Methods We used data from the PASSYON study, a survey initiated in 2009 (prevaccination) and repeated biennially among 16- to 24-year-old visitors of sexual health centers. We studied genital HPV positivity from 2009 to 2017 among women, heterosexual men, and unvaccinated women using Poisson generalized estimating equation models, adjusted for individual- and population-level confounders. Trends were studied for 25 HPV types detected by the SPF10-LiPA25 platform. Results A total of 6354 women (64.7% self-reported unvaccinated) and 2414 heterosexual men were included. Percentual declines in vaccine types HPV-16/18 were observed for all women (12.6% per year [95% confidence interval {CI}, 10.6–14.5]), heterosexual men (13.0% per year [95% CI, 8.3–17.5]), and unvaccinated women (5.4% per year [95% CI, 2.9–7.8]). We observed significant declines in HPV-31 (all women and heterosexual men), HPV-45 (all women), and in all high-risk HPV types pooled (all women and heterosexual men). Significant increases were observed for HPV-56 (all women) and HPV-52 (unvaccinated women). Conclusions Our results provide evidence for first-order herd effects among heterosexual men against HPV-16/18 and cross-protective types. Additionally, we show second-order herd effects against vaccine types among unvaccinated women. These results are promising regarding population-level and clinical impact of girls-only bivalent HPV vaccination in a country with moderate vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joske Hoes
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J Woestenberg
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Bogaards
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey J King
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hester E de Melker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environment, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne A B van der Sande
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit H B van Benthem
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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First Report of Phodopus sungorus Papillomavirus Type 1 Infection in Roborovski Hamsters ( Phodopus roborovskii). Viruses 2021; 13:v13050739. [PMID: 33922632 PMCID: PMC8145573 DOI: 10.3390/v13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are considered highly species-specific with cospeciation as the main driving force in their evolution. However, a recent increase in the available PV genome sequences has revealed inconsistencies in virus–host phylogenies, which could be explained by adaptive radiation, recombination, host-switching events and a broad PV host range. Unfortunately, with a relatively low number of animal PVs characterized, understanding these incongruities remains elusive. To improve knowledge of biology and the spread of animal PV, we collected 60 swabs of the anogenital and head and neck regions from a healthy colony of 30 Roborovski hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) and detected PVs in 44/60 (73.3%) hamster samples. This is the first report of PV infection in Roborovski hamsters. Moreover, Phodopus sungorus papillomavirus type 1 (PsuPV1), previously characterized in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), was the only PV detected in Roborovski hamsters. In addition, after a detailed literature search, review and summary of published evidence and construction of a tanglegram linking the cladograms of PVs and their hosts, our findings were discussed in the context of available knowledge on PVs described in at least two different host species.
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Costantini LM, Damania B. DNA Viruses. Virology 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119818526.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Läsche M, Urban H, Gallwas J, Gründker C. HPV and Other Microbiota; Who's Good and Who's Bad: Effects of the Microbial Environment on the Development of Cervical Cancer-A Non-Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030714. [PMID: 33807087 PMCID: PMC8005086 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is responsible for around 5% of all human cancers worldwide. It develops almost exclusively from an unsolved, persistent infection of the squamocolumnar transformation zone between the endo- and ecto-cervix with various high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The decisive turning point on the way to persistent HPV infection and malignant transformation is an immune system weakened by pathobionts and oxidative stress and an injury to the cervical mucosa, often caused by sexual activities. Through these injury and healing processes, HPV viruses, hijacking activated keratinocytes, move into the basal layers of the cervical epithelium and then continue their development towards the distal prickle cell layer (Stratum spinosum). The microbial microenvironment of the cervical tissue determines the tissue homeostasis and the integrity of the protective mucous layer through the maintenance of a healthy immune and metabolic signalling. Pathological microorganisms and the resulting dysbiosis disturb this signalling. Thus, pathological inflammatory reactions occur, which manifest the HPV infection. About 90% of all women contract an HPV infection in the course of their lives. In about 10% of cases, the virus persists and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) develops. Approximately 1% of women with a high-risk HPV infection incur a cervical carcinoma after 10 to 20 years. In this non-systematic review article, we summarise how the sexually and microbial mediated pathogenesis of the cervix proceeds through aberrant immune and metabolism signalling via CIN to cervical carcinoma. We show how both the virus and the cancer benefit from the same changes in the immune and metabolic environment.
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Garza-Rodríguez ML, Oyervides-Muñoz MA, Pérez-Maya AA, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Berlanga-Garza A, Antonio-Macedo M, Valdés-Chapa LD, Vidal-Torres D, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, Pérez-Ibave DC, Treviño V. Analysis of HPV Integrations in Mexican Pre-Tumoral Cervical Lesions Reveal Centromere-Enriched Breakpoints and Abundant Unspecific HPV Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063242. [PMID: 33810183 PMCID: PMC8005155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA integration is a crucial event in cervical carcinogenesis. However, scarce studies have focused on studying HPV integration (HPVint) in early-stage cervical lesions. Using HPV capture followed by sequencing, we investigated HPVint in pre-tumor cervical lesions. Employing a novel pipeline, we analyzed reads containing direct evidence of the integration breakpoint. We observed multiple HPV infections in most of the samples (92%) with a median integration rate of 0.06% relative to HPV mapped reads corresponding to two or more sequence breakages. Unlike cancer studies, most integrations events were unique (supported by one read), consistent with the lack of clonal selection. Congruent to other studies, we found that breakpoints could occur, practically, in any part of the viral genome. We noted that L1 had a higher frequency of rupture integration (25%). Based on host genome integration frequencies, we found previously reported integration sites in cancer for genes like FHIT, CSMD1, and LRP1B and putatively many new ones such as those exemplified in CSMD3, ROBO2, and SETD3. Similar host integrations regions and genes were observed in diverse HPV types within many genes and even equivalent integration positions in different samples and HPV types. Interestingly, we noted an enrichment of integrations in most centromeres, suggesting a possible mechanism where HPV exploits this structural machinery to facilitate integration. Supported by previous findings, overall, our analysis provides novel information and insights about HPVint.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lourdes Garza-Rodríguez
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Mariel Araceli Oyervides-Muñoz
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Antonio Alí Pérez-Maya
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Celia Nohemí Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Anais Berlanga-Garza
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Mauro Antonio-Macedo
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Lezmes Dionicio Valdés-Chapa
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Diego Vidal-Torres
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Diana Cristina Pérez-Ibave
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Víctor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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76
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Misclassifications in human papillomavirus databases. Virology 2021; 558:57-66. [PMID: 33730650 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the quality of human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences in GenBank by analyzing the possible presence of chimeras, "wrong-assembled" contigs and errors in taxonomy using an open-source script (HPVChimera_Gb) that compared 25 638 HPV-related nucleotide sequences in GenBank with the 221 numbered HPV types and another 220 complete HPV sequences. There were 110 sequences with taxonomy/naming errors (sequences reported as another HPV type than the one they corresponded to) and 1318 possibly chimeric sequences. Manual analysis found plausible explanations for most of them (e.g. sequence covering an integration site) but 114 sequences appeared to be chimeras (96/114 were already flagged as "unverified" by GenBank) and 13 had taxonomy/naming errors. When comparing all correct HPV sequences in GenBank, there appeared to exist about 800 unique putative HPV types. Systematic and regular work towards eliminating chimeric sequences and taxonomy/naming errors could increase the quality and order in HPV research.
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77
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Choi Y, Loutfy M, Remis RS, Liu J, Rebbapragada A, Huibner S, Brunetta J, Smith G, Reko T, Halpenny R, Kaul R, Grennan T. HPV genotyping and risk factors for anal high-risk HPV infection in men who have sex with men from Toronto, Canada. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4779. [PMID: 33637798 PMCID: PMC7910431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by anal cancer, predominantly caused by high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Currently, the nonavalent HPV vaccine provides coverage against nine HPV genotypes, including seven HR-HPV genotypes. Here, we characterize anal HR-HPV genotype distribution and associated risk factors in MSM from Toronto, Canada recruited between September 2010 and June 2012. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables, Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables, and a multivariable model using logistic regression was created to assess for correlates of anal HR-HPV infection. A total of 442 MSM were recruited, with a median age of 45 (IQR 38-50) and an overall HPV prevalence of 82%. The prevalence of any HR-HPV infection was 65.3% and 50.7% in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM, respectively. No participant tested positive for all genotypes covered by the nonavalent vaccine. HIV status (aOR 1.806; 95% CI 1.159-2.816), smoking (aOR 2.176; 95% CI 1.285-3.685) and the number of lifetime sexual partners (aOR 2.466; 95% CI 1.092-5.567) were independent risk factors for anal HR-HPV infection. Our findings will be useful to inform HPV vaccine rollout and HPV prevention strategies in Canadian MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Choi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mona Loutfy
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert S Remis
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Liu
- Public Health Laboratory-Toronto, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sanja Huibner
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Graham Smith
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy Grennan
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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78
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Ata EB, Allam AM, Elbayoumy MK, Mahmoud MAEF. Electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis of Bovine papillomavirus infection in cattle from four Egyptian governorates. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:160. [PMID: 33580367 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous warts are the common clinical feature of infection with Bovine papillomavirus (BPV), and it is commonly known as bovine papillomatosis. It causes significant economic losses, especially in the dairy sector. The aim of this study was surveillance of the circulating strains of BPV in four Egyptian governorates and characterization by electron microscopy. Warts skin lesions and whole blood from seventy-eight native breed cattle were obtained. Molecular detection using two different sets of primers, phylogenetic analysis, and electron microscopy were carried out. The obtained results showed that using FAP59/FAP64 primer set is more sensitive than the MY09/My11 primer set in the detection of the papilloma L1 gene either in the blood or in the skin lesion. Sequence analysis of the partially amplified L1 gene revealed 4 different strains belonging to Deltapapillomavirus 4. Only Alfayoum_Deltapapillomavirus_2018 (accession no: MW018705) was found to be closely related to the strain previously isolated in different Egyptian governorates in 2017, and 2 strains were closely related to an isolate of equine origin. Electron microscopy examination of the skin lesions showed the presence of negatively stained rounded, non-enveloped virus particles with a size of 60 nm in diameter. In conclusion, continuous surveillance and characterization of the circulating strains using multiple sets of primers are important. Efficient biosecurity measures must be applied to decrease transmission of papillomavirus between the different animal species, especially in the mixed management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Beshir Ata
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Allam
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Karam Elbayoumy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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79
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Dimčić T, Fujs Komloš K, Poljak M, Kavalar R, Breznik V. Digital squamous cell carcinoma associated with possibly carcinogenic human papillomavirus type 73 (HPV73): a case report. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2020.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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80
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Koskan A, Klasko-Foster L, Stecher C, Rodriguez S, Helitzer D, Yoo W. Human papillomavirus vaccine guideline adherence among Arizona's Medicaid beneficiaries. Vaccine 2020; 39:682-686. [PMID: 33358413 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented with the timely uptake and completion of the HPV vaccine series. Series completion is associated with increased vaccine effectiveness and longevity of protection. Medicaid beneficiaries are among populations with higher HPV vaccine uptake; however, little research describes factors that influence their HPV vaccine series completion. This study reports on a secondary data analysis of Arizona Medicaid data (Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System) from years 2008-2016. We summarized patient data using descriptive statistics and explored relationships between demographic variables and HPV vaccine administration information using bivariate logistic regression. Results of this analysis showed that females were more likely to complete the series as compared to males, and the age group that had the greatest odd of vaccine completion were 13-17-year-olds, the catch-up vaccine population. White Medicaid beneficiaries were most likely to adhere to HPV vaccine guidelines, followed by Hispanic beneficiaries. Patients receiving care in urban settings were more likely to complete the HPV vaccine series than people receiving care in rural areas of the state. Although statistically insignificant, people living with HIV were less likely to complete the 3-dose series. Future work should focus on ensuring that HPV vaccine age-eligible Medicaid, including people living with HIV, adhere to HPV vaccine guidelines. Expanding programs such as Vaccines for Children and scope of practice for dental professionals to offer the vaccine may provide additional options for Medicaid beneficiaries to vaccinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Koskan
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Lynne Klasko-Foster
- Brown University, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, United States.
| | - Chad Stecher
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, United States.
| | - Sue Rodriguez
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Deborah Helitzer
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Wonsuk Yoo
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
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81
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Proteomic profiles and cytokeratin 13 as a potential biomarker of Ovis aries papillomavirus 3-positive and negative cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:112-119. [PMID: 33360571 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovis aries papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3) is an epidermotropic PV reported in sheep cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The presence of OaPV3 DNA and its transcriptional activity in cutaneous SCC, as well as its in vitro transforming properties, suggest a viral etiology for this neoplasm. Nevertheless, the reactome associated with viral-host interaction is still unexplored. Here, we investigated and compared the proteomic profiles of OaPV3-positive SCCs, OaPV3-negative SCCs, and non-SCC samples by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, bioinformatics tools, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). OaPV3-positive SCCs (n = 3), OaPV3-negative SCCs (n = 3), and non-SCCs samples (n = 3) were subjected to a shotgun proteomic analysis workflow to assess protein abundance differences among the three sample classes. Proteins involved in epithelial cell differentiation, extracellular matrix organization, and apoptotic signaling showed different abundances in OaPV3-positive SCCs tissues (P ≤ 0.05) when compared to the other tissues. Cytokeratin 13 (CK 13) was among the most increased proteins in OaPV3-positive SCC and was validated by immunohistochemistry on 10 samples per class, confirming its potential as a biomarker of OaPV3 infection in SCC. Collectively, results provide a preliminary insight into the reactome associated with viral-host interaction and pave the way to the development of specific biomarkers for viral-induced sheep SCC.
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82
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Aydın S, Öncü HN, Arıcı DS. Diagnostic performance of immediate colposcopy among women with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) other than HPV 16/18 and normal cytology. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:720-725. [PMID: 33314453 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM Persistent infection with 1 of 14 high-risk genotypes human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the crucial for the development of high-grade cervical cancer precursors. The reassuring management of women with cytology negative, high-risk HPV (HrHPV) positive is important especially after the widespread use of HPV testing either as a cotest. The aim of our study was to compare the colposcopic biopsy results of women with HPV 16/18 with other Hr-HPV genotypes and determine positive predictive values (PPV) for CIN2+ of other HR HPV genotypes. METHODS We prospectively had included the women with negative cytology and positive Hr-HPV test other than HPV 16/18. Control group was composed of women with negative cytology positive test results for either HPV 16 or HPV 18. Women with HrHPV positive, cytology negative referred to immediate colposcopy. RESULTS The prevalence of CIN1 and CIN2 is significantly higher in HPV 16/18 group than pooled other HrHPV group (34.1% vs 17.5%, P = 0.01 for CIN 1+; 14.8% vs 5.2%, P = 0.03 for CIN 2+). The prevalence of CIN3 was almost three fold in women with HPV 16/18 (9.1% vs 3.1%). PPV for CIN 2+ was 16.4 (9.1-27.3) for HPV 16, 11.7 (2-37.7) for HPV 18, 20 (3.5-55.7) for HPV 31, 11.1 (0.6-49.3) for HPV 51, 12.5 (0.6-53.3) for HPV 58 and 59. CONCLUSION We showed the relative high PPV for CIN2+ in OHrHPV other than HPV 16/18 positive group among cytology negative population. HPV 33, 51, 58, 59 and 18 had similar PPV for CIN2+ in basal cytology negative population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Aydın
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koc University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Nur Öncü
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koc University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sema Arıcı
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey
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83
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Sabet F, Mosavat A, Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Basharkhah S, Shamsian SAA, Abbasnia S, Shamsian K, Rezaee SA. Prevalence, genotypes and phylogenetic analysis of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in northeast Iran. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:480-488. [PMID: 33310023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the main etiology of invasive cervical cancer. Together HPV and viral hepatitis account for the cause of 25% of cancers in developing countries. To evaluate the association between population movements and the spread of HPV, this study looked at prevalence, genotypes, and phylogenetic assessment of HPV in Great Khorasan, a pilgrimage-tourism province in northeast Iran. METHODS From March 2013 to July 2018, 567 samples were collected from three groups in Khorasan: Razavi and North Khorasan provinces (highly mobile population); South Khorasan province (conservative and desert); and diverse group (tourists). RESULTS HPV prevalence was 48.4% in Razavi and North Khorasan (first group); 19.9% in South Khorasan (second group); and 33.6% in the diverse group. The four most common HPV genotypes were HPV-6, 11, 51 and 16, in the first group; HPV-6, 11, 16 and 58 in the second group; and HPV-6, 11, 16 and 53/89 in the diverse group. The most frequent genotypes that are known as high risk for cervical cancer were HPV-51 in the first group, HPV-16 in the second group and the diverse group. Among low-risk genotypes, HPV-6, and HPV-11 were more frequent in all groups. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 20 HPV-positive samples showed that the distributions of the HPV genotypes were HPV-6 (50%), 11 (10%), 67 (5%), 16 (15%), 31 (10%), 54 (5%), and 89 (5%). CONCLUSIONS The findings show that areas associated with population movement should be frequently monitored for infectious diseases, while conservative and less populated areas have less risk for virus spread and endemicity. Health authorities should focus more on the establishment of HPV diagnostic facilities, screening, vaccination, and enhancement of public knowledge in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sabet
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Samira Basharkhah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Akbar Shamsian
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Shadi Abbasnia
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khosrow Shamsian
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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84
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Salavatiha Z, Shoja Z, Heydari N, Marashi SM, Younesi S, Nozarian Z, Jalilvand S. Lineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 18 based on E6 region in cervical samples of Iranian women. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3815-3820. [PMID: 32644190 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Distinct human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 variants are thought to differ in oncogenic potential and geographic distribution. As such, understanding the regional variants of HPV 18 would be of great importance for evolutionary, epidemiological, and biological analysis. In this regard, the sequence variations of E6 gene were investigated to characterize more common variants of HPV 18 in normal cells, premalignant, and malignant samples collected from the cervix. In total, 99 samples of HPV 18 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. In overall, lineages A was identified in all study subjects, among which sublineage A4 was dominant although the difference observed was not statistically significant with regard to different stages of disease. Sublineage A4 comprised 90.9% of samples and the remaining were belonged to sublineages A1, A2, A3, and A5 at the frequency of 6.1%, 1%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings clearly highlight the sublineage A4 of HPV 18 as the most dominant variant in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Heydari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdid Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarang Younesi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nilou Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Nozarian
- Department of Pathology, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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85
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Miranda PJC, Chagas BS, Coêlho MRCD, Silva Neto JDC. Correlation between human papillomavirus infection and histopathological diagnosis of women in Northeast Brazil. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3799-3806. [PMID: 32989777 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of death among women worldwide. Epidemiological studies claim that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary condition for cervical cancer development. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of HPV is important in guiding the introduction of prophylactic vaccines. This study analyzed the prevalence of HPV infection in cervical samples obtained from women with abnormal cervical histopathological diagnosis in Northeast Brazil. The study included an analysis of 211 women whose diagnosis was confirmed for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 1 (CIN-1), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 2 (CIN-2), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 3 (CIN-3), and cancer. The identification of the HPV genotypes was based on the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. A total of 42.7% of the samples showed a single HPV infection, while 57.3% showed multiple infections. The most common genotypes detected were HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-31. HPV-16, HPV-31, HPV-35, and HPV-18 were the most common types in CIN-1 with a single infection. HPV-16 and HPV-18 were the most often found in CIN-2 with a single infection. HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-31 were the most detected in CIN-3 with a single infection. HPV-16 and HPV-31 were the most frequent in cancer with a single infection. Multiple infection with HPV-16 shows a 2.7 times greater risk of CIN-3 (P = .04). Multiple infections for HPV with HPV-16 and excluding the HPV18/31 types, were associated with CIN-3 (P = .01). The results allowed the detection and genotyping of HPV types circulating in the population studied. These findings must be taken into account when devising vaccination strategies against HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo José Cunha Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Simas Chagas
- Department of Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte Coêlho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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86
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Sias C, Guarrasi V, Minosse C, Lapa D, Nonno FD, Capobianchi MR, Garbuglia AR, Del Porto P, Paci P. Human Papillomavirus Infections in Cervical Samples From HIV-Positive Women: Evaluation of the Presence of the Nonavalent HPV Genotypes and Genetic Diversity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:603657. [PMID: 33324386 PMCID: PMC7723855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.603657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-nonavalent vaccine (9v) Human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been shown to have high prevalence among HIV-positive women. Here, 1444 cervical samples were tested for HPV DNA positivity. Co-infections of the 9v HPV types with other HPV types were evaluated. The HPV81 L1 and L2 genes were used to investigate the genetic variability of antigenic epitopes. HPV-positive samples were genotyped using the HPVCLART2 assay. The L1 and L2 protein sequences were analyzed using a self-optimized prediction method to predict their secondary structure. Co-occurrence probabilities of the 9v HPV types were calculated. Non9v types represented 49% of the HPV infections; 31.2% of the non9v HPV types were among the low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion samples, and 27.3% among the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion samples, and several genotypes were low risk. The co-occurrence of 9v HPV types with the other genotypes was not correlated with the filogenetic distance. HPV81 showed an amino-acid substitution within the BC loop (N75Q) and the FGb loop (T315N). In the L2 protein, all of the mutations were located outside antigenic sites. The weak cross-protection of the 9v types suggests the relevance of a sustainable and effective screening program, which should be implemented by HPV DNA testing that does not include only high-risk types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Sias
- Laboratory of Virology, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Guarrasi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Automatica e Gestionale “A. Ruberti”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Minosse
- Laboratory of Virology, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- Laboratory of Pathology, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Anna Rosa Garbuglia,
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Automatica e Gestionale “A. Ruberti”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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87
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in women and men. The HPV vaccine significantly reduces the incidence of anogenital cancer and genital warts in women and in men. Human papillomavirus vaccines are among the most effective vaccines available worldwide, with unequivocal data demonstrating greater than 99% efficacy when administered to women who have not been exposed to that particular type of HPV. Obstetrician-gynecologists and other health care professionals should strongly recommend HPV vaccination to eligible patients and stress the benefits and safety of the HPV vaccine. Further, obstetrician-gynecologists are encouraged to stock and administer HPV vaccines in their offices when feasible. Ideally, the HPV vaccine should be given in early adolescence because vaccination is most effective before exposure to HPV through sexual activity. Unvaccinated women age 26 years and younger should receive the HPV vaccine series regardless of sexual activity, prior exposure to HPV, or sexual orientation. The HPV vaccine is now licensed in the United States for women and men through age 45 years. For some women aged 27-45 years who are previously unvaccinated, obstetrician-gynecologists and other health care professionals may use shared clinical decision making regarding HPV vaccination, considering the patient's risk for acquisition of a new HPV infection and whether the HPV vaccine may provide benefit.
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88
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Icardi G, Costantino C, Guido M, Zizza A, Restivo V, Amicizia D, Tassinari F, Piazza MF, Paganino C, Casuccio A, Vitale F, Ansaldi F, Trucchi C. Burden and Prevention of HPV. Knowledge, Practices and Attitude Assessment Among Pre-Adolescents and their Parents in Italy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:326-342. [PMID: 31942852 PMCID: PMC7527545 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite infections due to HPV nowadays represent the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide with recognized effective and safe preventive strategies, knowledge, attitudes; however, awareness on HPV is considerably low. The present study has two main objectives: 1. To conduct a literature review to analyze the evolution of preventive tools, the complexity of the vaccine choice process, and the challenges posed by HPV vaccine hesitancy and refusal among pre-adolescents and their parents; 2. To assess knowledge, practices and attitudes toward HPV infection and vaccination in a sample of Italian pre-adolescents and their parents. The observational study was carried out through the use of two anonymous and self-administered pre- and post-intervention questionnaires dedicated to the target populations. Between the administrations of the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, an educational intervention on HPV infection and related diseases, and prevention strategies was conducted. All participants demonstrated suboptimal knowledge and positive attitudes in the pre-intervention questionnaire. Higher levels of knowledge and attitudes were observed among pre-adolescents thatused social networks and had heard of sexually transmitted diseases at home/school/physician and from parents and also who had heard of HPV from General Practitioners, Gynecologists, family members and newspapers. A significant increase in HPV vaccination awareness was observed among pre-adolescents after the educational sessions. Health education programs aimed at increasing knowledge, attitudes and awareness on HPV are needed to implement the outcomes of HPV immunization programs, especially if supported by the physicians involved in counselling and recommendation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Guido
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Hygiene, University of the Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Inter-University Centre for Research of Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (C.I.R.I.- I.T.), Genova Italy
| | - Antonella Zizza
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Amicizia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Azienda Ligure Sanitaria della Regione Liguria (A.Li.Sa.), Liguria Region, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Maria Francesca Piazza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Azienda Ligure Sanitaria della Regione Liguria (A.Li.Sa.), Liguria Region, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Paganino
- Azienda Ligure Sanitaria della Regione Liguria (A.Li.Sa.), Liguria Region, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Ansaldi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Azienda Ligure Sanitaria della Regione Liguria (A.Li.Sa.), Liguria Region, Genova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Trucchi
- IRCCS San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Azienda Ligure Sanitaria della Regione Liguria (A.Li.Sa.), Liguria Region, Genova, Italy
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89
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Altamura G, Tommasino M, Borzacchiello G. Cutaneous vs. Mucosal Tropism: The Papillomavirus Paradigm Comes to an " and". Front Microbiol 2020; 11:588663. [PMID: 33162966 PMCID: PMC7591498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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90
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Pranata N, Maskoen AM, Sahiratmadja E, Widyaputra S. Dental Calculus as a Potential Biosource for Human Papillomavirus Detection in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3093-3097. [PMID: 33112572 PMCID: PMC7798156 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.10.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The infection of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) plays a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A poor oral hygiene and dental calculus may cause the infection to persist. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether this dental calculus could serve as a potential biosource in early detection of HPVs in patients with OSCC. METHODS DNA was isolated from the dental calculus of people diagnosed with OSCC, and MY09/11 primer set was used to detect the presence of HPV. The positive samples were further sequenced and aligned using megablast NCBI BLAST tool to identify the HPV genotype. RESULTS Electrophoresis examination showed that 4 of 14 samples collected (29%) had a clear single band, of which three had 97% to 99% similarity to a high-risk genotype HPV-58. Meanwhile, the other sample had 99% similarity to an unclassified papillomaviridae. CONCLUSION Dental calculus is a promising source of HPV in oral cavity and could be used as a biomarker for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Pranata
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ani Melani Maskoen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Edhyana Sahiratmadja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sunardhi Widyaputra
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
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91
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Gupta AK, Kumar M. HPVomics: An integrated resource for the human papillomavirus epitome and therapeutics. Genomics 2020; 112:4853-4862. [PMID: 32871223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) belongs to the Papillomaviridae family, which is divided into high-risk (HR), and low-risk (LR) HPVs based on their disease-causing competence. HR-HPVs 16 and 18 are known to cause distinct carcinomas like cervical and head and neck, whereas LR-HPVs are commonly associated with the genital warts. We have developed an integrative platform; HPVomics dedicated to the potential therapeutic regimens targeting all HPV genes including oncoproteins E6, E7 and E5. We primarily focused on eighteen HR-HPVs and eleven LR-HPVs. It mainly deals with therapeutically imperative elements, i.e., vaccine epitopes, siRNAs, sgRNAs, and anti-viral peptides. Simultaneously, it also comprises of genome browser, whole-genome sequences and annotation of HPVs with searching and filtering capabilities. Moreover, we have also developed an integrated support vector machine (SVM) based computational algorithm "HPVepi" for the prediction of HPV epitome. We hope that HPVomics (http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/manojk/hpvomics/) will assist the scientific community engaged in HPV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Gupta
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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92
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Pradini GW, Sahiratmadja E, Suhandono S, Sudigdoadi S, Yusuf M, Firdaus ARR, Susanto H. Phylogeny and In Silico Structure Analysis of Major Capsid Protein (L1) Human Papillomavirus 45 from Indonesian Isolates. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2517-2523. [PMID: 32986347 PMCID: PMC7779445 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)-45 genotype circulates in high percentage in Bandung area - Indonesia, after HPV-16 and HPV-18. The aim of this study was to analyse variations of major capsid (L1) HPV-45 and its phylogeny. Furthermore in silico protein structure and epitope prediction was explored. METHODS L1 gene of HPV-45 was amplified, sequenced and aligned. Phylogenetic tree had been built and compared with a complete L1 HPV-45 sequence. Structure and epitope prediction of L1 protein were then developed in silico. RESULTS Of 5 L1 HPV-45 sequences collected, we have detected one variant of sub lineage A2 which was considered as a new variant, and two variants of B2. Superimposition of structure of these two variants with reference showed very similar structure. Furthermore, seven amino acid substitutions were found within these L1 variants of which two substitutions might change the polarity of corresponding amino acid I329T and S383G. The S383G occurred in surface loop (HI-Loop) of new L1 HPV-45 variant. CONCLUSION Similar structure of Indonesian variants indicates that amino acids variations do not affect the L1 structure. However, one substitution with altered amino acid polarity found within the area of surface loop suggests a potential impact in antibody recognition and neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Widya Pradini
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Edhyana Sahiratmadja
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Sony Suhandono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Sunarjati Sudigdoadi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Life Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Ade Rizqi Ridwan Firdaus
- Research Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Herman Susanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
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93
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Genotype distribution of human papilloma virus among women with genital warts biopsies in southern Khorasan, eastern Iran. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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94
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Ebner FA, Sailer C, Eichbichler D, Jansen J, Sladewska-Marquardt A, Stengel F, Scheffner M. A ubiquitin variant-based affinity approach selectively identifies substrates of the ubiquitin ligase E6AP in complex with HPV-11 E6 or HPV-16 E6. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15070-15082. [PMID: 32855237 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The E6 protein of both mucosal high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) such as HPV-16, which have been causally associated with malignant tumors, and low-risk HPVs such as HPV-11, which cause the development of benign tumors, interacts with the cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase E6-associated protein (E6AP). This indicates that both HPV types employ E6AP to organize the cellular proteome to viral needs. However, whereas several substrate proteins of the high-risk E6-E6AP complex are known, e.g. the tumor suppressor p53, potential substrates of the low-risk E6-E6AP complex remain largely elusive. Here, we report on an affinity-based enrichment approach that enables the targeted identification of potential substrate proteins of the different E6-E6AP complexes by a combination of E3-selective ubiquitination in whole-cell extracts and high-resolution MS. The basis for the selectivity of this approach is the use of a ubiquitin variant that is efficiently used by the E6-E6AP complexes for ubiquitination but not by E6AP alone. By this approach, we identified ∼190 potential substrate proteins for low-risk HPV-11 E6 and high-risk HPV-16 E6. Moreover, subsequent validation experiments in vitro and within cells with selected substrate proteins demonstrate the potential of our approach. In conclusion, our data represent a reliable repository for potential substrates of the HPV-16 and HPV-11 E6 proteins in complex with E6AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Ebner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Carolin Sailer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniela Eichbichler
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Jansen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna Sladewska-Marquardt
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Proteomics Center, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Florian Stengel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Scheffner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
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95
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The human papillomavirus E6 protein targets apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) for degradation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14195. [PMID: 32848167 PMCID: PMC7450093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncoprotein E6 of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a critical role in inducing cell immortalization and malignancy. E6 downregulates caspase-dependent pathway through the degradation of p53. However, the effect of HPV E6 on other pathways is still under investigation. In the present study, we found that HPV E6 directly binds to all three forms (precursor, mature, and apoptotic) of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and co-localizes with apoptotic AIF. This binding induced MG132-sensitive reduction of AIF expression in the presence of E6 derived from HPV16 (16E6), a cancer-causing type of HPV. Conversely, E6 derived from a non-cancer-causing type of HPV, HPV6 (6E6), did not reduce the levels of AIF despite its interaction with AIF. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 16E6, but not 6E6, suppressed apoptotic AIF-induced chromatin degradation (an indicator of caspase-independent apoptosis) and staurosporine (STS, a protein kinase inhibitor)-induced apoptosis. AIF knockdown reduced STS-induced apoptosis in both of 16E6-expressing and 6E6-expressing cells; however, the reduction in 16E6-expressing cells was lower than that in 6E6-expressing cells. These findings indicate that 16E6, but not 6E6, blocks AIF-mediated apoptosis, and that AIF may represent a novel therapeutic target for HPV-induced cervical cancer.
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96
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Zhou X, Sun L, Yao X, Li G, Wang Y, Lin Y. Progress in Vaccination of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1434. [PMID: 32754157 PMCID: PMC7365840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine plays an important role in preventing a series of diseases caused by HPV. Recent studies have shown that as a primary prevention measure, it can considerably prevent HPV infection and HPV-associated cervical cancer. However, studies on the safety, efficacy, and coverage of the HPV vaccine remain insufficient, especially in developing countries. Therefore, in this review, we outlined the recent studies of the HPV vaccine in terms of immunogenicity, safety, efficacy, latest vaccination concepts, and strategies. This review may provide a theoretical basis for use of the HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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97
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Honda T, Ando M, Ando J, Ishii M, Sakiyama Y, Ohara K, Toyota T, Ohtaka M, Masuda A, Terao Y, Nakanishi M, Nakauchi H, Komatsu N. Sustainable Tumor-Suppressive Effect of iPSC-Derived Rejuvenated T Cells Targeting Cervical Cancers. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2394-2405. [PMID: 32710827 PMCID: PMC7646217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy utilizing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has great potential. Functionally rejuvenated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can survive long-term as young memory T cells in vivo, with continuous tumor eradication. Banking of iPSCs as an unlimited “off-the-shelf” source of therapeutic T cells may be feasible. To generate safer iPSCs, we reprogrammed human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) E6-specific CTLs by Sendai virus vector without cotransduction of SV40 large T antigen. The iPSCs efficiently differentiated into HPV16-specific rejuvenated CTLs that demonstrated robust cytotoxicity against cervical cancer. The tumor-suppressive effect of rejuvenated CTLs was stronger and more persistent than that of original peripheral blood CTLs. These rejuvenated HPV16-specific CTLs provide a sustained tumor-suppressive effect even for epithelial cancers and constitute promising immunotherapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Honda
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miki Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Jun Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Midori Ishii
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yumi Sakiyama
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohara
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tokuko Toyota
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- TOKIWA-Bio, Inc., Tsukuba Center Inc. (TCI), Building G, 2-1-6 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ayako Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Terao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- TOKIWA-Bio, Inc., Tsukuba Center Inc. (TCI), Building G, 2-1-6 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Wang S, Han B, Wan Y, Liu J, Zhao T, Liu H, Cui F. Do Male University Students Know Enough About Human Papillomavirus (HPV) to Make Informed Decisions About Vaccination? Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924840. [PMID: 32603317 PMCID: PMC7346751 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV), knowledge of HPV-associated diseases, as well as willingness to undergo HPV vaccination among male university students in China, especially factors influencing vaccination willingness. Material/Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among university students in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, China by using a convenience sampling method. We assessed a) the awareness of HPV, b) knowledge of HPV-associated diseases, c) willingness to undergo HPV vaccination, and d) sexual behaviors among male university students. Results A total of 1274 male university students aged 16 to 26 years old were recruited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. In total, 39.6% of students had awareness of HPV. Among students who were aware of HPV, the percentage of participating students who knew that HPV causes cervical cancer, genital warts, penile cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer were 94.0%, 66.1%, 32.7%, 20.4%, and 18.7%, respectively. In total, 79.0% knew that men can acquire HPV; 38.7% were willing to receive HPV vaccination. Age, region, and major were related to the awareness of HPV. In addition, students who had previous sexual experiences had more knowledge about HPV and were more likely to express willingness to vaccinate. Conclusions Male university students do not know enough about HPV infection, and males’ attitudes regarding vaccination are not sufficient. Education should be provided to promote awareness of HPV-associated diseases and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Bingfeng Han
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yongmei Wan
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Tianshuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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The Role of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutant and Rad3-Related DNA Damage Response in Pathogenesis of Human Papillomavirus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060506. [PMID: 32585979 PMCID: PMC7350315 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection leads to a variety of benign lesions and malignant tumors such as cervical cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Several HPV vaccines have been developed that can help to prevent cervical carcinoma, but these vaccines are only effective in individuals with no prior HPV infection. Thus, it is still important to understand the HPV life cycle and in particular the association of HPV with human pathogenesis. HPV production requires activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), which is a complex signaling network composed of multiple sensors, mediators, transducers, and effectors that safeguard cellular DNAs to maintain the host genome integrity. In this review, we focus on the roles of the ataxia telangiectasia mutant and Rad3-related (ATR) DNA damage response in HPV DNA replication. HPV can induce ATR expression and activate the ATR pathway. Inhibition of the ATR pathway results in suppression of HPV genome maintenance and amplification. The mechanisms underlying this could be through various molecular pathways such as checkpoint signaling and transcriptional regulation. In light of these findings, other downstream mechanisms of the ATR pathway need to be further investigated for better understanding HPV pathogenesis and developing novel ATR DDR-related inhibitors against HPV infection.
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Mutombo AB, Benoy I, Tozin R, Bogers J, Van Geertruyden JP, Jacquemyn Y. Prevalence and Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Among Women in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo. J Glob Oncol 2020; 5:1-9. [PMID: 31310568 PMCID: PMC6690654 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality by cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. The human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is recognized as a necessary and sufficient cause for cervical cancer. Population-specific estimates of HPV prevalence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are unknown. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HPV and identify predominant genotypes circulating in Kinshasa, DRC. METHODS Between July 2015 and July 2017, women were invited to attend a screening program at Mont-Amba Health Centre in Kinshasa. Cervical specimens were collected using the Preservcyt medium. HPV DNA testing was performed for all specimens using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS During the 2-year period, a total of 1,870 women age 25 to 82 years were screened. The mean age was 46 years (± 11.4 years). The overall HPV prevalence was 28.2% (95% CI, 26.1% to 30.3%). High-risk HPV prevalence was 24.8% (95% CI, 22.8% to 26.8%). Women younger than 30 years had the highest overall HPV prevalence (42.2%; 95% CI, 34.7% to 49.9%). A second peak of prevalence was observed in women age 60 years and older. HPV68 (5.5%; 95% CI, 4.5% to 6.6%) was the most prevalent HPV type. CONCLUSION The distribution of HPV genotypes among women in our population was different compared with other world regions. A key finding was that HPV68 was the most prevalent high-risk HPV genotype. These findings highlight the need for the determination in our population of the etiologic fraction of different HPV types in invasive cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Mutombo
- Kinshasa University Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ina Benoy
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium, Sonic HealthCare Benelux, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rahma Tozin
- Kinshasa University Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Johannes Bogers
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium, Sonic HealthCare Benelux, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Yves Jacquemyn
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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