51
|
Pretorius E. Platelets as Potent Signaling Entities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:532-545. [PMID: 31196615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease with a dysregulated circulating inflammatory molecule tendency. T2DM is closely associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk, and increased clotting susceptibility. Platelets have fundamental roles in the development and propagation of inflammation and cardiovascular risk. They signal through membrane receptors, resulting in (hyper)activation and release of inflammatory molecules from platelet compartments. This review highlights how circulating inflammatory molecules, acting as platelet receptor ligands, interact with platelets, causing platelets to be potent drivers of systemic inflammation. We conclude by suggesting that focused platelet research in T2DM is an important avenue to pursue to identify novel therapeutic targets, and that platelets could be used as cellular activity sensors themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Ruiz HH, Díez RL, Arivazahagan L, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e166-e174. [PMID: 31242034 PMCID: PMC6693645 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes remain leading causes of reduced health span and life span throughout the world. Hence, it is not surprising that these areas are at the center of highly active areas of research. The identification of novel mechanisms underlying these metabolic disorders sets the stage for uncovering new potential therapeutic strategies. In this issue of Highlights in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, we review recently published papers in the journal that add to our understanding of causes and consequences of obesity and diabetes and how these disorders impact metabolic function. Collectively, these studies in cultured cells to in vivo animal models to human subjects add to the growing body of evidence that both cell-intrinsic and cell-cell communication mechanisms collaborate in metabolic disorders to cause obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry H. Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, N.Y. 10016
| | - Raquel López Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, N.Y. 10016
| | - Lakshmi Arivazahagan
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, N.Y. 10016
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, N.Y. 10016
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, N.Y. 10016
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Xin H, Wang Z, Wu S, Wang P, Tao X, Xu C, You L. Calcified decellularized arterial scaffolds impact vascular smooth muscle cell transformation via downregulating α-SMA expression and upregulating OPN expression. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:705-710. [PMID: 31281450 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of arterial remodeling (AR) remain unclear. Studies have indicated that decellularized scaffolds stimulate the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and promote the accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, the impact of ECM changes following AR on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypes was investigated. VSMCs were co-cultured with normal or calcified decellularized arterial scaffolds. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteopontin (OPN) were measured at 2, 5, 10, 15 and 21 days following the establishment of the co-culture systems. The expression of α-SMA in the normal co-culture group was significantly increased compared with that in the calcified arterial decellularized scaffold co-culture group (P<0.05 and P<0.001). In addition, the expression of OPN in the AR co-culture group was significantly increased compared with the normal co-culture group (P<0.05 and P<0.001). To conclude, the calcified decellularized arterial scaffolds impact VSMC transformation by downregulating α-SMA expression and upregulating OPN expression (P<0.001). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first study that co-cultured VSMCs with normal or calcified decellularized arterial scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Xin
- Department of Geriatrics, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Shuwu Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tao
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Chenhua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Liling You
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Bochkareva EV, Kim IV, Butina EK, Stulin ID, Trukhanov SA, Rudenko BA, Boytsov SA, Drapkina OM. Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk Factors. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-2-244-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - I. V. Kim
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| | - E. K. Butina
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| | - I. D. Stulin
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - S. A. Trukhanov
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - B. A. Rudenko
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| | | | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Xu Y, Guan J, Xu J, Chen S, Sun G. Z-Guggulsterone attenuates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Life Sci 2019; 224:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
56
|
Naglah AM, Refat MS, Al-Omar MA, Bhat MA, AlKahtani HM, Al-Wasidi AS. Synthesis of a vanadyl (IV) folate complex for the treatment of diabetes: spectroscopic, structural, and biological characterization. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1409-1420. [PMID: 31118576 PMCID: PMC6498434 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s190310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to design a compound with folic acid (FAH2) and vanadyl (IV) for use in the treatment of diabetes. Materials and methods A novel vanadyl (IV) FAH2 complex was synthesized and characterized [(FA2-)(VO2+)]⋅3H2O. The speculated structure of this folate complex was determined using physicochemical techniques including microanalytical analysis, conductivity studies, spectroscopic examination, magnetic measurements, thermogravimetric analyses, and morphological X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The anti-diabetic therapeutic potential of the complexes was tested in a 30-day streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. Results The conductivity test of the complex implied electrolyte behavior. The spectroscopic assessments of the isolated dark yellow solid complex revealed that FAH2 acts as a bidentate ligand. The coordination process with two vanadyl (IV) ions occurred through the deprotonation of both carboxyl groups of FAH2 in a regular square pyramid arrangement at a 2(FA)2-: 2(VO)2+ molar ratio. XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses revealed the complex crystalline nature of the complex. Treating diabetic rats with vanadyl (IV) FAH2 complex significantly improved many biological parameters relevant to diabetes pathology with minimal toxicity. Conclusion The data generated in this study indicate that the synthesized vanadyl (IV) folate complex acts as a model of anti-diabetic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, .,Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt,
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Mashooq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M AlKahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma S Al-Wasidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Hao Y, Cheng F, Pham M, Rein H, Patel D, Fang Y, Feng Y, Yan J, Song X, Yan H, Wang Y. A Noninvasive, Economical, and Instant-Result Method to Diagnose and Monitor Type 2 Diabetes Using Pulse Wave: Case-Control Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e11959. [PMID: 31012863 PMCID: PMC6658300 DOI: 10.2196/11959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We should pay more attention to the long-term monitoring and early warning of type 2 diabetes and its complications. The traditional blood glucose tests are traumatic and cannot effectively monitor the development of diabetic complications. The development of mobile health is changing rapidly. Therefore, we are interested in developing a new noninvasive, economical, and instant-result method to accurately diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and its complications. Objective We aimed to determine whether type 2 diabetes and its complications, including hypertension and hyperlipidemia, could be diagnosed and monitored by using pulse wave. Methods We collected the pulse wave parameters from 50 healthy people, 139 diabetic patients without hypertension and hyperlipidemia, 133 diabetic patients with hypertension, 70 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia, and 75 diabetic patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The pulse wave parameters showing significant differences among these groups were identified. Various machine learning models such as linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines (SVMs), and random forests were applied to classify the control group, diabetic patients, and diabetic patients with complications. Results There were significant differences in several pulse wave parameters among the 5 groups. The parameters height of tidal wave (h3), time distance between the start point of pulse wave and dominant wave (t1), and width of percussion wave in its one-third height position (W) increase and the height of dicrotic wave (h5) decreases when people develop diabetes. The parameters height of dominant wave (h1), h3, and height of dicrotic notch (h4) are found to be higher in diabetic patients with hypertension, whereas h5 is lower in diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. For detecting diabetes, the method with the highest out-of-sample prediction accuracy is SVM with polynomial kernel. The algorithm can detect diabetes with 96.35% accuracy. However, all the algorithms have a low accuracy when predicting diabetic patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia (below 70%). Conclusions The results demonstrated that the noninvasive and convenient pulse-taking diagnosis described in this paper has the potential to become a low-cost and accurate method to monitor the development of diabetes. We are collecting more data to improve the accuracy for detecting hypertension and hyperlipidemia among diabetic patients. Mobile devices such as sport bands, smart watches, and other diagnostic tools are being developed based on the pulse wave method to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Minh Pham
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hayley Rein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Devashru Patel
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuchen Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueyang Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of a Novel Oxidovanadium(IV) Adenosine Monophosphate Complex as Anti-Diabetic Agent. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel [(AMP)(VO)(H2O)2] complex was formed through chemical reactions between oxidovanadium(IV)sulfate and adenosine monophosphate. This complex was characterized using various analyses, including microanalytical, molar conductivity, spectroscopic (solid reflectance and FTIR), magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetric (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The in vivo antidiabetic activity of the oxidovanadium(IV) complex was determined using streptozotocin-induced rats. The results suggested that the synthesized complex can be used as an antidiabetic agent based on the observed biochemical effects.
Collapse
|
59
|
Nie B, Zhang SY, Guan SM, Zhou SQ, Fang X. Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in the Arterial Medial Calcification and Its Effect on the OPG/RANKL System. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:28-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-1996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
60
|
Li KX, Du Q, Wang HP, Sun HJ. Death-associated protein kinase 3 deficiency alleviates vascular calcification via AMPK-mediated inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:90-98. [PMID: 30851272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a critical feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) is involved in vascular remodeling in hypertension. However, it remains to be clarified whether DAPK3 controls vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic transition into an osteogenic cell phenotype, which is an important process for VC. In vivo VC was induced in rats by vitamin D3 and nicotine. VSMCs were incubated with calcifying media containing β-glycerophosphate and Ca2+ to induce VC in vitro. Herein, we demonstrated increased expression of DAPK3 in the aortas of VC rats and VSMCs cultured in calcifying media. Knockdown of DAPK3 significantly inhibited calcifying media-induced VSMC mineralization and retarded the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs into osteogenic cells. Silencing of DAPK3 suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related protein expressions, but upregulated the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in calcified VSMCs. Moreover, pretreatment with AMPK inhibitor Compound C abolished DAPK3 shRNA-mediated inhibition of ERS in VSMCs. In vivo, DAPK inhibitor significantly prevented calcium deposition in the aortas of VC rats. The present results revealed that DAPK3 modulated VSMC calcification through AMPK-mediated ERS signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xue Li
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Qiong Du
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Moon AR, Park Y, Chang JH, Lee SS. Inverse regulation of serum osteoprotegerin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand levels in patients with leg lesional vascular calcification: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14489. [PMID: 30855435 PMCID: PMC6417519 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) levels could be associated with vascular calcification, which is predominant in diabetes.The study included 71 Korean participants (36 with diabetes and 35 without diabetes), who were sub-grouped according to the results of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and/or X-ray computed tomography scan (CT scan). Serum OPG and TRAIL levels were assayed using the respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Statistical significance was analyzed using Student's t test between the 2 groups or analysis of variance (ANOVA) among the 4 groups.Serum OPG was up-regulated in the participants with diabetes, with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and/or with vascular calcification. TRAIL down-regulation was more strictly controlled than OPG up-regulation; it was significantly downregulated in the participants with PAD and vascular calcification, but not in the participants with diabetes. Serum OPG and TRAIL were regulated in the participants with femoral, popliteal, and peroneal artery calcification but not in the participants with aortic calcification.OPG up-regulation and TRAIL down-regulation were found to be associated with leg lesional vascular calcification; therefore, the average OPG/TRAIL ratio was significantly increased by 3.2-fold in the leg lesional vascular calcification group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ae Ran Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University
| | - Jeong Hwan Chang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Cheomdan Medical Center, Gwang-Ju
| | - Sang Su Lee
- Vascular and endovascular division, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
The Role of Osteoprotegerin and Its Ligands in Vascular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030705. [PMID: 30736365 PMCID: PMC6387017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors includes osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays an active role in pathological angiogenesis and inflammation as well as cell survival. It has been demonstrated that there is crosstalk between endothelial cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis, thus establishing a connection between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAIL system acts on specific cell surface receptors, which are then able to transmit their signals to other intracellular components and modify gene expression. Cytokine production and activation of their receptors induce mechanisms to recruit monocytes and neutrophils as well as endothelial cells. Data support the role of an increased OPG/RANKL ratio as a possible marker of progression of endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disorders in relationship with inflammatory marker levels. We review the role of the OPG/RANKL/RANK triad in vascular function as well as molecular mechanisms related to the etiology of vascular diseases. The potential therapeutic strategies may be very promising in the future.
Collapse
|
63
|
Xu TH, Qiu XB, Sheng ZT, Han YR, Wang J, Tian BY, Yao L. Restoration of microRNA-30b expression alleviates vascular calcification through the mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14306-14318. [PMID: 30701530 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathological calcification represents an event that consequently leads to a distinct elevation in the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in addition to strengthening its correlation with hyperphosphatemia. Epigenomic regulation by specific microRNAs (miRNAs) is reported to be involved in ectopic calcification. However, the finer molecular mechanisms governing this event remain unclear. Hence, this study aimed to identify the potential miRNAs involved in vascular calcification (VC) development and progression. Initially, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), autophagy-specific markers (LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1) and phenotype-specific markers of osteoblasts (runt-related transcription factor 2 and Msx2) were measured to evaluate autophagy and VC in β-glycerophosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with either miR-30b restoration or miR-30b knockdown performed in vitro. The VC in vivo was represented by calcified nodule formation in the aorta of the rats undergoing 5/6 nephrectomy followed by a 1.2% phosphorus diet using Alizarin Red staining. SOX9 was verified as the target of miR-30b according to luciferase activity determination. Restoration of miR-30b was revealed to markedly diminish the expression of SOX9 while acting to inhibit activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Knockdown of miR-30b reduced MMP and autophagy, elevated VC, and suppressed the presence of rapamycin (an inhibitor of the mTOR signaling pathway). In addition, upregulated expression of miR-30b attenuated VC in vivo. Taken together, the key findings of this study identified the inhibitory role of miR-30b in VC, presenting an enhanced understanding of miRNA as a therapeutic target to curtail progressive VC in hyperphosphatemia of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Tong Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ran Han
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Yao Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Thoracic aortic calcification across the clinical dysglycemic continuum in a large Asian population free of cardiovascular symptoms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207089. [PMID: 30608944 PMCID: PMC6319708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) is tightly linked to pathological atherosclerosis and associated with certain cardiovascular diseases. While diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as a coronary heart disease equivalent, we examined the presence of TAC across the dysglycemic spectrum of diabetes mellitus (DM). We consecutively studied 3003 asymptomatic ethnic Asians underwent annual cardiovacular health survey, and further categorized them into: 1) 1760 normo-glycemic, 2) 968 pre-diabetic, and 3) 274 overt DM based on dysglycemic indices and medical histories. Several TAC parameters were assessed using non-contrast multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), and related to dysglycemic indices or diabetes mellitus status. A remarkably graded increases of adjusted total TAC calcium burden, volume and density were seen across Non-diabetes, Pre-diabetes, and diabetes mellitus categories and positively correlated with all dysglycemic profiles (all p<0.001). Multi-variate logistic and linear regression models demonstrated independent associations between greater TAC density and all dysglycemic indices (Coef: 2.5, 1.4, 6.8 for fasting, postprandial sugar and HbA1c) and diabetes mellitus status (all p<0.05). Furthermore, Receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) showed fasting sugar and postprandial sugar set at 103mg/dL and 111mg/dL, separately, with HbA1c set at 5.8% all predict the presence of aortic calcification. Dysglycemic status, even without overt diabetes mellitus, were tighly linked to subclinical, pathological thoracic aortic calcification.
Collapse
|
65
|
Xu J, Wu D, Li X, Zhu H, Teng X, Xu P. Protective effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on calcification of VSMCs induced by high glucose and its effect on expression of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739219857600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article investigates the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in high-glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification and to explore its effects on the expression of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12.VSMCs were treated with high glucose (35 mmoL/L) to induce diabetes to see whether high glucose can induce ERS. Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were measured. After 5 days’ treatment, the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, and Runx2 expression of the bone differentiation marker protein were all up-regulated in the β-glycerophosphate group, the high-glucose group, and the β-glycerophosphate + high-glucose group when compared with the control group. High-glucose treatment of VSMCs can cause ERS and apoptosis and induces transdifferentiation of VSMCs into osteoblast-like cells, resulting in increased basal phosphatase activity, up-regulation of calcium content, and bone differentiation markers in VSMCs. The findings confirm that ERS plays an important role in the calcification of VSMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Xu
- General Practice Department, The First People’s Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Oncology, Hebei Port Group Hospital, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Rehabilitation Center, The First People’s Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhu
- General Practice Department, The First People’s Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Peiying Xu
- Pathology Department, Jilin Gongzhuling Central Hospital, Gongzhuling, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zhang B, Miller VM, Miller JD. Influences of Sex and Estrogen in Arterial and Valvular Calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:622. [PMID: 31620082 PMCID: PMC6763561 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular and cardiac valvular calcification was once considered to be a degenerative and end stage product in aging cardiovascular tissues. Over the past two decades, however, a critical mass of data has shown that cardiovascular calcification can be an active and highly regulated process. While the incidence of calcification in the coronary arteries and cardiac valves is higher in men than in age-matched women, a high index of calcification associates with increased morbidity, and mortality in both sexes. Despite the ubiquitous portending of poor outcomes in both sexes, our understanding of mechanisms of calcification under the dramatically different biological contexts of sex and hormonal milieu remains rudimentary. Understanding how the critical context of these variables inform our understanding of mechanisms of calcification-as well as innovative strategies to target it therapeutically-is essential to advancing the fields of both cardiovascular disease and fundamental mechanisms of aging. This review will explore potential sex and sex-steroid differences in the basic biological pathways associated with vascular and cardiac valvular tissue calcification, and potential strategies of pharmacological therapy to reduce or slow these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Virginia M. Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jordan D. Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jordan D. Miller
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Bom MJ, Levin E, Driessen RS, Danad I, Van Kuijk CC, van Rossum AC, Narula J, Min JK, Leipsic JA, Belo Pereira JP, Taylor CA, Nieuwdorp M, Raijmakers PG, Koenig W, Groen AK, Stroes ESG, Knaapen P. Predictive value of targeted proteomics for coronary plaque morphology in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:109-117. [PMID: 30587458 PMCID: PMC6355456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risk stratification is crucial to improve tailored therapy in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigated the ability of targeted proteomics to predict presence of high-risk plaque or absence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with suspected CAD, defined by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods Patients with suspected CAD (n = 203) underwent CCTA. Plasma levels of 358 proteins were used to generate machine learning models for the presence of CCTA-defined high-risk plaques or complete absence of coronary atherosclerosis. Performance was tested against a clinical model containing generally available clinical characteristics and conventional biomarkers. Findings A total of 196 patients with analyzable protein levels (n = 332) was included for analysis. A subset of 35 proteins was identified predicting the presence of high-risk plaques. The developed machine learning model had fair diagnostic performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0·79 ± 0·01, outperforming prediction with generally available clinical characteristics (AUC = 0·65 ± 0·04, p < 0·05). Conversely, a different subset of 34 proteins was predictive for the absence of CAD (AUC = 0·85 ± 0·05), again outperforming prediction with generally available characteristics (AUC = 0·70 ± 0·04, p < 0·05). Interpretation Using machine learning models, trained on targeted proteomics, we defined two complementary protein signatures: one for identification of patients with high-risk plaques and one for identification of patients with absence of CAD. Both biomarker subsets were superior to generally available clinical characteristics and conventional biomarkers in predicting presence of high-risk plaque or absence of coronary atherosclerosis. These promising findings warrant external validation of the value of targeted proteomics to identify cardiovascular risk in outcome studies. Fund This study was supported by an unrestricted research grant from HeartFlow Inc. and partly supported by a European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD) grant (ERA CVD JTC2017, OPERATION). Funders had no influence on trial design, data evaluation, and interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel J Bom
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- HorAIzon BV, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel S Driessen
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ibrahim Danad
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis C Van Kuijk
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert C van Rossum
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, New York, United States
| | - James K Min
- Dalio Institute for Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill-Cornell Medical College, NY, New York, United States
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - João P Belo Pereira
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles A Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenberg, Gothenberg, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter G Raijmakers
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Knaapen
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Chen P, Long B, Xu Y, Wu W, Zhang S. Identification of Crucial Genes and Pathways in Human Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy by Coexpression Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1778. [PMID: 30574098 PMCID: PMC6291487 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As one common disease causing young people to die suddenly due to cardiac arrest, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a disorder of heart muscle whose progression covers one complicated gene interaction network that influence the diagnosis and prognosis of it. In our research, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and we established a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set net correlations analysis (GSNCA) for identifying crucial genes as well as pathways related to ARVC pathogenic mechanism (n = 12). In the research, the results demonstrated that there were 619 DEGs in total between non-failing donor myocardial samples and ARVC tissues (FDR < 0.05). WGCNA analysis identified the two gene modules (brown and turquoise) as being most significantly associated with ARVC state. Then the ARVC-related four key biological pathways (cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway) and four hub genes (CXCL2, TNFRSF11B, LIFR, and C5AR1) in ARVC samples were further identified by GSNCA method. Finally, we used t-test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for validating hub genes, results showed significant differences in t-test and their AUC areas all greater than 0.8. Together, these results revealed that the new four hub genes as well as key pathways that might be involved into ARVC diagnosis. Even though further experimental validation is required for the implication by association, our findings demonstrate that the computational methods based on systems biology might complement the traditional gene-wide approaches, as such, might offer a new insight in therapeutic intervention within rare diseases of people like ARVC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Long
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Karmazyn M, Gan XT. Ginseng for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related cardiovascular complications: a discussion of the evidence 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:265-276. [PMID: 30395481 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with elevated blood glucose levels due either to insufficient insulin production (type 1 DM) or to insulin resistance (type 2 DM). The incidence of DM around the world continues to rise dramatically with more than 400 million cases reported today. Among the most serious consequences of chronic DM are cardiovascular complications that can have deleterious effects. Although numerous treatment options are available, including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, there is substantial emerging interest in the use of traditional medicines for the treatment of this condition and its complications. Among these is ginseng, a medicinal herb that belongs to the genus Panax and has been used for thousands of years as a medicinal agent especially in Asian cultures. There is emerging evidence from both animal and clinical studies that ginseng, ginseng constituents including ginsenosides, and ginseng-containing formulations can produce beneficial effects in terms of normalization of blood glucose levels and attenuation of cardiovascular complications through a multiplicity of mechanisms. Although more research is required, ginseng may offer a useful therapy for the treatment of diabetes as well as its complications.
Collapse
|
70
|
Yamada S, Leaf EM, Chia JJ, Cox TC, Speer MY, Giachelli CM. PiT-2, a type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, protects against vascular calcification in mice with chronic kidney disease fed a high-phosphate diet. Kidney Int 2018; 94:716-727. [PMID: 30041812 PMCID: PMC6211801 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PiT-2, a type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, is a causative gene for the brain arteriolar calcification in people with familial basal ganglion calcification. Here we examined the effect of PiT-2 haploinsufficiency on vascular calcification in uremic mice using wild-type and global PiT-2 heterozygous knockout mice. PiT-2 haploinsufficiency enhanced the development of vascular calcification in mice with chronic kidney disease fed a high-phosphate diet. No differences were observed in the serum mineral biomarkers and kidney function between the wild-type and PiT-2 heterozygous knockout groups. Micro computed tomography analyses of femurs showed that haploinsufficiency of PiT-2 decreased trabecular bone mineral density in uremia. In vitro, sodium-dependent phosphate uptake was decreased in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from PiT-2 heterozygous knockout mice compared with those from wild-type mice. PiT-2 haploinsufficiency increased phosphate-induced calcification of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells compared to the wild-type. Furthermore, compared to wild-type vascular smooth muscle cells, PiT-2 deficient vascular smooth muscle cells had lower osteoprotegerin levels and increased matrix calcification, which was attenuated by osteoprotegerin supplementation. Thus, PiT-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells protects against phosphate-induced vascular calcification and may be a therapeutic target in the chronic kidney disease population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Leaf
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jia Jun Chia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mei Y Speer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Schantl AE, Ivarsson ME, Leroux JC. Investigational Pharmacological Treatments for Vascular Calcification. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E. Schantl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Jing Z, Wang C, Yang Q, Wei X, Jin Y, Meng Q, Liu Q, Liu Z, Ma X, Liu K, Sun H, Liu M. Luteolin attenuates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by regulating ERK/Lrp-5/GSK-3β signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4472-4490. [PMID: 30192012 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a secondary osteoporosis with extensive use of glucocorticoids (GCs). GCs can increase bone fragility and fracture via inhibiting osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. Luteolin (LUT), a kind of plant flavonoid, has been reported to exhibit the antioxidant activity, but the effects of LUT on GIO still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LUT on GIO both in vivo and in vitro and elaborate the potential molecular mechanisms. LUT increased the superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione level and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and lactate dehydrogenase release in GIO. Meanwhile, LUT decreased caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax protein expressions and increased Bcl-2 protein expression in GIO. LUT increased the ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB Ligand (RANKL) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and mRNA expression levels of osteogenic markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, collagen type I, and osteocalcin. LUT also enhanced the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation, mRNA expression levels of lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp-5) and β-catenin. Further study revealed that Lrp-5 small interfering RNA (siRNA )and ERK-siRNA reduced the effects of LUT on GSK-3β phosphorylation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the ratio of OPG/RANKL mRNA expression. Moreover, ERK-siRNA decreased Lrp-5 mRNA expression in vitro. These results indicated that LUT promoted proliferation by attenuating oxidative stress and promoted osteoblastic differentiation by regulating the ERK/Lrp-5/GSK-3β pathway in GIO. This study may bring to light the possible mechanisms involved in the action of LUT in GIO treatment, and benefit for further research on GIO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qining Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuelian Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Matrine blocks AGEs- induced HCSMCs phenotypic conversion via suppressing Dll4-Notch pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 835:126-131. [PMID: 30063915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contractile- synthetic phenotypic conversion takes responsibility in the atherosclerotic plaque formation by abnormal synthesis, secretion and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrine exerts therapeutic effects on both cardiovascular diseases and organ fibrosis. In this study, we investigated matrine's inhibitory effect and mechanisms on AGEs- induced VSMC contractile- synthetic phenotypic conversion. Cultured human coronary smooth muscle cells (HCSMCs) were exposed to AGEs. Matrine at serially diluted concentrations were used to treat the cells. HCSMCs phenotype was identified by immunofluorescent staining of contractile phenotypic markers including mooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MYH11) and smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2). Sircol collagen assay was used to assess the collagen secretion level. Notch signaling activation was determined by luciferase assay. Western blotting was used to evaluate expression levels of collagen I, collagen VIII, Delta-like (Dll)1, Dll3, Dll4, Jagged1, Jagged2, Notch intracellular domain (NICD)1 and Hes family basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor1 (HES1). Matrine pre-treatment recovered the AGEs- induced contractile- synthetic phenotypic conversion by increasing MYH11 and ACTA2 in HCSMCs. Matrine reduced AGEs- mediated activation of Notch signaling, down-regulated expression levels of NICD1, HES1, collagen I and collagen VIII and collagen secretion contents in HCSMCs. Matrine inhibited expression level of Dll4 without affecting other Notch ligands including Dll1, Dll3, Jagged1 and Jagged2 in HCSMCs exposed to AGEs. These results suggested that AGEs exposure facilitated the contractile- synthetic phenotypic conversion of HCSMCs. Matrine blocked this phenotypic conversion by suppressing Dll4- Notch signaling pathway activation.
Collapse
|
74
|
RANKL Expression Is Increased in Circulating Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Calcific Aortic Stenosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:329-338. [PMID: 29777507 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether the expression of the OPG/RANK/RANKL triad in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and circulating levels of markers of ectopic mineralization (OPG, FGF-23, PPi) are modified in patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). We found that patients affected by CAVD (n = 50) had significantly higher circulating levels of OPG as compared to control individuals (p = 0.003). No differences between the two groups were found in FGF-23 and PPi levels. RANKL expression was higher in the PBMC from CAVD patients (p = 0.018) and was directly correlated with the amount of valve calcification (p = 0.032). In vitro studies showed that treatment of valve interstitial cells (VIC) with RANKL plus phosphate was followed by increase in matrix mineralization (p = 0.001). In conclusion, RANKL expression is increased in PBMC of patients with CAVD, is directly correlated with the degree of valve calcification, and promotes pro-calcific differentiation of VIC.
Collapse
|
75
|
Harper E, Rochfort KD, Forde H, Davenport C, Smith D, Cummins PM. Activation of the non-canonical NF-κB/p52 pathway in vascular endothelial cells by RANKL elicits pro-calcific signalling in co-cultured smooth muscle cells. Cell Signal 2018; 47:142-150. [PMID: 29678621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intimal endothelium is known to condition the underlying medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) layer of the vessel wall, and is highly responsive to receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), pro-calcific and anti-calcific agents, respectively. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that RANKL-induced activation of endothelial NF-κB signalling is essential for pro-calcific activation of the underlying SMCs. METHODS For these studies, human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cell mono-cultures (HAECs, HASMCs) were treated with RANKL (0-25 ng/ml ± 5 ng/ml TRAIL) for 72 h. Non-contact transwell HAEC:HASMC co-cultures were also employed in which the luminal HAECs were treated with RANKL (± 5 ng/ml TRAIL), followed by analysis of pro-calcific markers in the underlying subluminal HASMCs. RESULTS Treatment of either HAECs or HASMCs with RANKL activated the non-canonical NF-κB/p52 and canonical NF-κB/p65 pathways in both cell types. In RANKL ± TRAIL-treated HAECs, recombinant TRAIL, previously demonstrated by our group to strongly attenuate the pro-calcific signalling effects of RANKL, was shown to specifically block the RANKL-mediated activation of non-canonical NF-κB/p52, clearly pointing to the mechanistic relevance of this specific pathway to RANKL function within endothelial cells. In a final series of HAEC:HASMC transwell co-culture experiments, RANKL treatment of HAECs that had been genetically silenced (via siRNA) for the NF-κB2 gene (the molecular forerunner to NF-κB/p52 generation) exhibited strongly attenuated pro-calcific activation of underlying HASMCs relative to scrambled siRNA controls. SUMMARY These in vitro observations provide valuable mechanistic insights into how RANKL may potentially act upon endothelial cells through activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway to alter endothelial paracrine signalling and elicit pro-calcific responses within underlying vascular smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Harper
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hannah Forde
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Academic Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Davenport
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid Smith
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Philip M Cummins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. The role of osteoprotegerin in the crosstalk between vessels and bone: Its potential utility as a marker of cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 182:115-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
77
|
Yao C, Guo X, Yao WX, Zhang C. Cereblon (CRBN) deletion reverses streptozotocin induced diabetic osteoporosis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:967-974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
78
|
Sakamoto A, Virmani R, Finn AV, Gupta A. Calcified Nodule as the Cause of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Connecting Bench Observations to the Bedside. Cardiology 2018; 139:101-104. [DOI: 10.1159/000485119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
79
|
Dube PR, Chikkamenahalli LL, Birnbaumer L, Vazquez G. Reduced calcification and osteogenic features in advanced atherosclerotic plaques of mice with macrophage-specific loss of TRPC3. Atherosclerosis 2017; 270:199-204. [PMID: 29290366 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent in vitro studies have showed that in macrophages, deletion of the non-selective Ca2+-permeable channel TRPC3 impairs expression of the osteogenic protein BMP-2. The pathophysiological relevance of this effect in atherosclerotic plaque calcification remains to be determined. METHODS We used Ldlr-/- mice with macrophage-specific loss of TRPC3 (MacTrpc3-/-/Ldlr-/-) to examine the effect of macrophage Trpc3 on plaque calcification and osteogenic features in advanced atherosclerosis. RESULTS After 25 weeks on high fat diet, aortic root plaques in MacTrpc3-/-/Ldlr-/- mice showed reduced size, lipid and macrophage content compared to controls. Plaque calcification was decreased in MacTrpc3-/-/Ldlr-/- mice, and this was accompanied by marked reduction in BMP-2, Runx-2 and phospho-SMAD1/5 contents within macrophage-rich areas. Expression of Bmp-2 and Runx-2 was also reduced in bone marrow-derived macrophages from MacTrpc3-/-/Ldlr-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that, in advanced atherosclerosis, selective deletion of TRPC3 in macrophages favors plaque regression and impairs the activity of a novel macrophage-associated, BMP-2-dependent mechanism of calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhatchandra R Dube
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, 3000 Transverse Dr., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lakshmikanth L Chikkamenahalli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, 3000 Transverse Dr., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Vazquez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, 3000 Transverse Dr., Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Harper E, Rochfort KD, Forde H, Davenport C, Smith D, Cummins PM. TRAIL attenuates RANKL-mediated osteoblastic signalling in vascular cell mono-culture and co-culture models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188192. [PMID: 29145460 PMCID: PMC5690591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Vascular calcification (VC) is a major risk factor for elevated cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. Underlying this process is osteoblastic signalling within the vessel wall involving complex and interlinked roles for receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). RANKL promotes vascular cell osteoblastic differentiation, whilst OPG acts as a neutralizing decoy receptor for RANKL (and TRAIL). With respect to TRAIL, much recent evidence points to a vasoprotective role for this ligand, albeit via unknown mechanisms. In order to shed more light on TRAILs vasoprotective role therefore, we employed in vitro cell models to test the hypothesis that TRAIL can counteract the RANKL-mediated signalling that occurs between the vascular cells that comprise the vessel wall. Methods and results Human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cell mono-cultures (HAECs, HASMCs) were treated with RANKL (0–25 ng/mL ± 5 ng/mL TRAIL) for 72 hr. Furthermore, to better recapitulate the paracrine signalling that exists between endothelial and smooth muscle cells within the vessel wall, non-contact transwell HAEC:HASMC co-cultures were also employed and involved RANKL treatment of HAECs (±TRAIL), subsequently followed by analysis of pro-calcific markers in the underlying subluminal HASMCs. RANKL elicited robust osteoblastic signalling across both mono- and co-culture models (e.g. increased BMP-2, alkaline phosphatase/ALP, Runx2, and Sox9, in conjunction with decreased OPG). Importantly, several RANKL actions (e.g. increased BMP-2 release from mono-cultured HAECs or increased ALP/Sox9 levels in co-cultured HASMCs) could be strongly blocked by co-incubation with TRAIL. In summary, this paper clearly demonstrates that RANKL can elicit pro-osteoblastic signalling in HAECs and HASMCs both directly and across paracrine signalling axes. Moreover, within these contexts we present clear evidence that TRAIL can block several key signalling actions of RANKL in vascular cells, providing further evidence of its vasoprotective potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Harper
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith D. Rochfort
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah Forde
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Davenport
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid Smith
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip M. Cummins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Giovannini S, Tinelli G, Biscetti F, Straface G, Angelini F, Pitocco D, Mucci L, Landolfi R, Flex A. Serum high mobility group box-1 and osteoprotegerin levels are associated with peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic subjects. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:99. [PMID: 28789654 PMCID: PMC5549317 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is a nuclear protein also acting as inflammatory mediator, whilst osteoprotegerin (OPG), member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is indicated as marker of vascular calcification. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinical conditions characterized by elevated serum inflammatory markers and vascular calcification enhancement. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of HMGB-1, OPG and several inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (HsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the presence and severity of peripheral artery disease in patients with T2D. METHODS In this retrospective observational study, we have analyzed HMGB-1, OPG and inflammatory cytokines serum levels in 1393 type 2 diabetic patients with PAD and without PAD (WPAD). RESULTS HMGB-1 (7.89 ± 15.23 ng/mL), OPG (6.54 ± 7.76 pmol/L), HsCRP (15.6 ± 14.4 mg/L) and IL-6 (56.1 ± 28.6 pg/mL) serum levels were significantly higher in patients with PAD than in those WPAD (3.02 ± 8.12 ng/mL, P ˂ 0.001; 2.98 ± 2.01 pmol/L, P < 0.001; 7.05 ± 4.4 mg/L, P < 0.001; 37.5 ± 20.2 pg/mL, P < 0.001 respectively). Moreover HMGB-1 (P < 0.001), OPG (P < 0.001), HsCRP (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001) serum levels were positively correlated with clinical severity of PAD. HMGB-1 (adjusted OR 12.32; 95% CI 3.56-23.54, P = 0.023) and OPG (adjusted OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.54-6.15, P = 0.019) resulted independent determinants of PAD in patients with T2D after adjusting for the conventional cardiovascular risk factor and established inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS In T2D patients HMGB-1 and OPG serum levels are higher in patients affected by PAD and independently associated with its occurrence and clinical severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giovannini
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tinelli
- Department of Vascular Surgery, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Biscetti
- Rheumatology and Affine Sciences Institute, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Straface
- Vascular Medicine and Atherothrombosis Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Italy
| | - Flavia Angelini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Department of Medicine, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mucci
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Landolfi
- Department of Medicine, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Flex
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Fibroblast growth factor 21 plays an inhibitory role in vascular calcification in vitro through OPG/RANKL system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:578-586. [PMID: 28774557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is prevalent and associated with adverse outcome without available therapy. The benefits of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 on metabolism and atherosclerosis make it a promising therapeutic agent for vascular calcification. We investigated the effects of FGF21 on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification by culturing rat VSMCs in a calcifying medium for 9days. FGF21 markedly attenuated mineral deposition and apoptosis at the indicated time points. In the presence of FGF21, the expression levels of osteoblastic protein including bone morphogenic protein-2, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), runt-related transcription factor(RUNX)-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were down-regulated, whereas the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) increased. Knockdown of OPG significantly impaired inhibition of FGF21 on apoptosis and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes including caspase-3 and Bax and osteoblastic -promoting markers including ALP, RUNX-2 and RANKL. Furthermore, FGF21 facilitated the phosphoryl of AKT but suppressed P38, while OPG knockdown attenuated the effects. LY29400 (inhibitor of PI3K) abrogated the activation of PI3K/AKT and SB203580 (inhibitor of P38) abolished the inhibition of FGF21 on P38, while alteration was observed in the expression of RUNX-2. FGF21 inhibited VSMCs calcification via OPG/RANKL system, and through P38 andPI3K/AKT pathways.
Collapse
|
83
|
Dube PR, Birnbaumer L, Vazquez G. Evidence for constitutive bone morphogenetic protein-2 secretion by M1 macrophages: Constitutive auto/paracrine osteogenic signaling by BMP-2 in M1 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:154-158. [PMID: 28711495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms mediating vascular calcification recapitulate osteogenic processes encompassing bone formation and imply participation of bone related proteins such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Macrophages are amongst the cells that contribute to vascular ossification by releasing cytokines that induce an osteogenic program in vascular smooth muscle cells, and also by becoming themselves osteoclast-like cells. In inflammatory vascular disease, the macrophage population in the vascular wall is diverse, with the M1 or inflammatory, and the M2 or anti-inflammatory macrophage types being dominant. Yet, the osteogenic potential of M1 and M2 macrophages remains unknown. Prompted by recent studies from our laboratory showing that in macrophages the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3) channel contributes to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis in M1, but not in M2 macrophages, and given the strong relationship between ER stress and vascular calcification, we wished to examine whether TRPC3 would play a role in the osteogenic signaling of polarized macrophages. The findings reported here indicate that a constitutive BMP-2-dependent signaling operates in M1 macrophages, which is not affected by deletion of Trpc3 and is not subject to regulation by ER stress. Our studies suggest operation of an auto/paracrine mechanism by which BMP-2 secreted by M1 macrophages maintains constitutive activation of a BMP-2 receptor/SMAD1/5 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhatchandra R Dube
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Transverse Dr., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Vazquez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Transverse Dr., Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Effects of Hyperglycemia on Vascular Smooth Muscle Ca 2+ Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3691349. [PMID: 28713824 PMCID: PMC5497615 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3691349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex disease that is characterized with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. These pathologies are associated with significant cardiovascular implications that affect both the macro- and microvasculature. It is therefore important to understand the effects of various pathologies associated with diabetes on the vasculature. Here we directly test the effects of hyperglycemia on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) Ca2+ signaling in an isolated in vitro system using the A7r5 rat aortic cell line as a model. We find that prolonged exposure of A7r5 cells to hyperglycemia (weeks) is associated with changes to Ca2+ signaling, including most prominently an inhibition of the passive ER Ca2+ leak and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). To translate these findings to the in vivo condition, we used primary VSM cells from normal and diabetic subjects and find that only the inhibition of the ER Ca2+ leaks replicates in cells from diabetic donors. These results show that prolonged hyperglycemia in isolation alters the Ca2+ signaling machinery in VSM cells. However, these alterations are not readily translatable to the whole organism situation where alterations to the Ca2+ signaling machinery are different.
Collapse
|
85
|
Carlson N, Mortensen OH, Axelsen M, Pedersen RS, Heaf JG. Clearance of Sclerostin, Osteocalcin, Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, and Osteoprotegerin by Dialysis. Blood Purif 2017; 44:122-128. [PMID: 28554171 DOI: 10.1159/000465513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factor (FGF23), sclerostin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin are important factors that control mineral bone metabolism. End-stage renal disease is associated with the pronounced dysregulation of mineral bone metabolism; however, the impact and clearance of mineral bone metabolism factors during dialysis remain largely undescribed. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 10 chronic hemodialysis patients were treated with hemodialysis for 8 h using a high-flux filter and a dialysate bath of 50% calculated total body water continuously recycled at a rate of 500 mL/min. Plasma and dialysate concentrations of FGF23, sclerostin, osteoprotegerin, and osteocalcin were measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h permitting the estimation of dialysis clearance. RESULTS Clearance of FGF23 was 7.7 mL/min, of sclerostin was 7.6 mL/min, of osteoprotegerin was 1.2 mL/min, and of osteocalcin was 19.7 mL/min. Clearance of FGF23 was correlated to sclerostin and osteoprotegerin clearance and also to the ultrafiltration rate. Although, osteocalcin blood concentrations decreased during dialysis, they rebounded within 6 h. Overall, no significant changes in blood concentrations of the measure mineral bone metabolism factors were observed. CONCLUSIONS The intradialytic clearance of osteocalcin, FGF23, sclerostin, and osteoprotegerin occurs; however, only clearance of FGF23 is directly correlated with the ultrafiltration rate. The effects of dialytic clearance on mineral bone metabolism are, however, uncertain and intradialytic plasma concentrations of the studied substrates remained largely unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Carlson
- Department of Nephrology, Herlev Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Human interstitial cellular model in therapeutics of heart valve calcification. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1981-1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
87
|
Znorko B, Oksztulska-Kolanek E, Michałowska M, Kamiński T, Pawlak K. Does the OPG/RANKL system contribute to the bone-vascular axis in chronic kidney disease? A systematic review. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:52-64. [PMID: 28189120 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Accumulating evidence over the past decade has challenged the hypothesis of close interaction between bone and VC what raises the possibility of a common underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Lately, bone regulatory proteins such as: osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κB Ligand (RANKL) has attracted attention of researchers as a possible key mediators of bone-vascular calcification imbalance. The literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed database and a combination of keywords and MeSH terms, and only papers published since January 2005 to July 2016 were selected. The search resulted in 562 potential articles. After selection according to the eligibility criteria, 107 studies fulfilled were included (102 full texts and 5 was case reports). OPG and RANKL plays essential role in the regulation of bone metabolism and may be regarded as a possible link between VC, bone and mineral metabolism in CKD patients. Further studies are required to determine the diagnostic significance of these proteins in evaluation of progression and severity of VC process in CKD patients. Finally, the efficacy and safety, especially in regard to VC, of anti-RANKL therapy in CKD patients requires well-designed prospective, randomized trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Znorko
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Oksztulska-Kolanek
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Kamiński
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Refat MS, El-Megharbel SM, Hussien MA, Hamza RZ, Al-Omar MA, Naglah AM, Afifi WM, Kobeasy MI. Spectroscopic, structural characterizations and antioxidant capacity of the chromium (III) niacinamide compound as a diabetes mellitus drug model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:122-131. [PMID: 27619974 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
New binuclear chromium (III) niacinamide compound with chemical formula [Cr2(Nic)(Cl)6(H2O)4]·H2O was obtained upon the reaction of chromium (III) chloride with niacinamide (Nic) in methanol solvent at 60°C. The proposed structure was discussed with the help of microanalytical analyses, conductivity, spectroscopic (FT-IR and UV-vis.), magnetic calculations, thermogravimetric analyses (TG/TGA), and morphological studies (X-ray of solid powder and scan electron microscopy. The infrared spectrum of free niacinamide in comparison with its chromium (III) compound indicated that the chelation mode occurs via both nitrogen atoms of pyridine ring and primary -NH2 group. The efficiency of chromium (III) niacinamide compound in decreasing of glucose level of blood and HbA1c in case of diabetic rats was checked. The ameliorating gluconeogenic enzymes, lipid profile and antioxidant defense capacities are considered as an indicator of the efficiency of new chromium (III) compound as antidiabetic drug model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moamen S Refat
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Al-Hawiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said, Port Said University, Egypt.
| | - Samy M El-Megharbel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Al-Hawiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M A Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said, Port Said University, Egypt
| | - Reham Z Hamza
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622-Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid M Afifi
- International Extended Care Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Nephrology Unit, Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Kobeasy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Al-Hawiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Naranjo MC, Bermudez B, Garcia I, Lopez S, Abia R, Muriana FJG, Montserrat-de la Paz S. Dietary fatty acids on aortic root calcification in mice with metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2017; 8:1468-1474. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00143f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and chronic low-grade inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Naranjo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- 41013 Seville
- Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Department of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Seville
- 41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - Indara Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- 41013 Seville
- Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- 41013 Seville
- Spain
| | - Rocio Abia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- 41013 Seville
- Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Yahagi K, Kolodgie FD, Lutter C, Mori H, Romero ME, Finn AV, Virmani R. Pathology of Human Coronary and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis and Vascular Calcification in Diabetes Mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:191-204. [PMID: 27908890 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.306256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The continuing increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the general population is predicted to result in a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. Although the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-associated progression of atherosclerosis are not fully understood, at clinical and pathological levels, there is an appreciation of increased disease burden and higher levels of arterial calcification in these subjects. Plaques within the coronary arteries of patients with diabetes mellitus generally exhibit larger necrotic cores and significantly greater inflammation consisting mainly of macrophages and T lymphocytes relative to patients without diabetes mellitus. Moreover, there is a higher incidence of healed plaque ruptures and positive remodeling in hearts from subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting a more active atherogenic process. Lesion calcification in the coronary, carotid, and other arterial beds is also more extensive. Although the role of coronary artery calcification in identifying cardiovascular disease and predicting its outcome is undeniable, our understanding of how key hormonal and physiological alterations associated with diabetes mellitus such as insulin resistance and hyperglycemia influence the process of vascular calcification continues to grow. Important drivers of atherosclerotic calcification in diabetes mellitus include oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, alterations in mineral metabolism, increased inflammatory cytokine production, and release of osteoprogenitor cells from the marrow into the circulation. Our review will focus on the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus- and type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated vascular disease with particular focus on coronary and carotid atherosclerotic calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Yahagi
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (K.Y., F.D.K., C.L., H.M., M.E.R., A.V.F., R.V.); and University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
| | - Frank D Kolodgie
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (K.Y., F.D.K., C.L., H.M., M.E.R., A.V.F., R.V.); and University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
| | - Christoph Lutter
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (K.Y., F.D.K., C.L., H.M., M.E.R., A.V.F., R.V.); and University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
| | - Hiroyoshi Mori
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (K.Y., F.D.K., C.L., H.M., M.E.R., A.V.F., R.V.); and University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
| | - Maria E Romero
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (K.Y., F.D.K., C.L., H.M., M.E.R., A.V.F., R.V.); and University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
| | - Aloke V Finn
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (K.Y., F.D.K., C.L., H.M., M.E.R., A.V.F., R.V.); and University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (K.Y., F.D.K., C.L., H.M., M.E.R., A.V.F., R.V.); and University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.).
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Voltan R, Secchiero P, Casciano F, Milani D, Zauli G, Tisato V. Redox signaling and oxidative stress: Cross talk with TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:364-374. [PMID: 27686849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation plays a key role in several physiopathological contexts and free radicals, from nitric oxide and superoxide anion up to other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been demonstrated to be involved in different biological and regulatory processes. The data reported in the current literature describe a link between ROS, inflammation and programmed cell death that is attracting interest as new pathways to be explored and targeted for therapeutic purposes. In this light, there is also growing attention to the involvement of this link in the activity of the TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). TRAIL is a member of the TNF ligands super family able to mediate multiple intracellular signals, with the potential to lead to a range of biological effects in different cell types. In particular, the hallmark of TRAIL is the ability to induce selective apoptosis in transformed cells leaving normal cells almost unaffected and this feature has already opened the door to several clinical studies for cancer treatment. Moreover, TRAIL plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes of both innate and adaptive immune systems and of the cardiovascular context, with a strong clinical potential. Nonetheless, several issues still need to be clarified about the signaling mediated by TRAIL to gain deeper insight into its therapeutic potential. In this light, the aim of this review is to summarize the main preclinical evidences about the interplay between TRAIL and redox signaling, with particular emphasis to the implications in vascular physiopathology and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Voltan
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Koike S, Yano S, Tanaka S, Sheikh AM, Nagai A, Sugimoto T. Advanced Glycation End-Products Induce Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Mechanism for Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091567. [PMID: 27649164 PMCID: PMC5037835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, especially medial artery calcification, is associated with cardiovascular death in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD). To determine the underlying mechanism of vascular calcification, we have demonstrated in our previous report that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) stimulated calcium deposition in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through excessive oxidative stress and phenotypic transition into osteoblastic cells. Since AGEs can induce apoptosis, in this study we investigated its role on VSMC apoptosis, focusing mainly on the underlying mechanisms. A rat VSMC line (A7r5) was cultured, and treated with glycolaldehyde-derived AGE-bovine serum albumin (AGE3-BSA). Apoptotic cells were identified by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. To quantify apoptosis, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for histone-complexed DNA fragments was employed. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels. Treatment of A7r5 cells with AGE3-BSA from 100 µg/mL concentration markedly increased apoptosis, which was suppressed by Nox inhibitors. AGE3-BSA significantly increased the mRNA expression of NAD(P)H oxidase components including Nox4 and p22phox, and these findings were confirmed by protein levels using immunofluorescence. Dihydroethidisum assay showed that compared with cBSA, AGE3-BSA increased reactive oxygen species level in A7r5 cells. Furthermore, AGE3-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nox4 or p22phox. Double knockdown of Nox4 and p22phox showed a similar inhibitory effect on apoptosis as single gene silencing. Thus, our results demonstrated that NAD(P)H oxidase-derived oxidative stress are involved in AGEs-induced apoptosis of VSMCs. These findings might be important to understand the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in diabetes and CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayo Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Shozo Yano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Abdullah M Sheikh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshitsugu Sugimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Zickler D, Willy K, Girndt M, Fiedler R, Martus P, Storr M, Schindler R. High cut-off dialysis in chronic haemodialysis patients reduces serum procalcific activity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31:1706-12. [PMID: 27445317 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is enhanced in chronic dialysis patients, possibly due to the insufficient removal of various intermediate molecular weight uraemic toxins such as interleukins with conventional membranes. In this study, we assessed the modulation of in vitro vascular calcification with the use of high cut-off (HCO) membranes in chronic dialysis patients. METHODS In a PERCI trial, 43 chronic dialysis patients were treated with conventional high-flux and HCO filters for 3 weeks in a randomized order following a 2-period crossover design. After each phase, serum predialysis samples were drawn. Calcifying human coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with the patient's serum samples. Calcification was assessed with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining. In the clinical trial, HCO dialysis reduced the serum levels of the soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1 and 2, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R). We therefore investigated the in vitro effects of these mediators on vascular calcification. RESULTS VSMCs incubated with HCO dialysis serum showed a 26% reduction of ALP with HCO serum compared with high-flux serum. Alizarin was 43% lower after incubation with the HCO serum compared with the high-flux serum. While sIL2R and sTNFR 1 and 2 showed no effects on VSMC calcification, VCAM-1 caused a dose-dependent enhancement of calcification. CONCLUSIONS The use of HCO dialysis membranes in chronic dialysis patients reduces the procalcific effects of serum on VSMC in vitro. The mechanisms of the strong effect of HCO on in vitro calcification are not completely understood. One factor may be lower levels of VCAM-1 in HCO serum samples, since VCAM-1 was able to induce vascular calcification in our experiments. Neither sTNFR 1, sTNFR 2 nor sIL2R enhance vascular calcification in vitro. Regardless of the mechanisms, our results encourage further studies of highly permeable filters in chronic dialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Willy
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Storr
- Department of Research and Development, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|