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Farea MA, Mohammed HY, Shirsat SM, Sayyad PW, Ingle NN, Al-Gahouari T, Mahadik MM, Bodkhe GA, Shirsat MD. Hazardous gases sensors based on conducting polymer composites: Review. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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52
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Ding L, Lin H, Hetchler B, Wang Y, Wei W, Hu B. Electrochemical mitigation of hydrogen sulfide in deep-pit swine manure storage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146048. [PMID: 33677300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and hazardous gas and is commonly present in livestock operations, which occasionally causes associated exposure accidents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of electrochemical control of H2S in lab-scale swine manure storage using different electrode materials, and further selected suitable materials to demonstrate the performance of a pilot-scale field test in the deep-pit manure storage of a 200-head swine barn. In the lab-scale test, electrochemical sulfide oxidation mainly contributed to the H2S mitigation, resulting in high H2S removal efficiencies when using low carbon steel (LCS) and stainless steel 304 (SS304) as electrodes. Based on their better H2S treatment performance and lower material costs, LCS and SS304 were selected for the pilot-scale test. In a 92-day operation, the pilot-scale demonstration showed H2S removal efficiencies of 84.0% and 63.5% for LCS and SS304, respectively. A techno-economic assessment indicated that the installation and operation of the electrochemical system accounted for 16% of barn construction cost using LCS as electrodes. Further optimization may substantially decrease the electrode material consumption and the overall cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkan Ding
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Hongjian Lin
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Brian Hetchler
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Metropolitan State University, 700 East 7(th) Street, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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53
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Durability Study on High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Mortar under Simulated Wastewater Pipeline Environment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143781. [PMID: 34300701 PMCID: PMC8306014 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The acid-alkaline-inducd corrosive environments inside wastewater concrete pipelines cause concrete structural deterioration and substantial economic losses all over the world. High-performance concrete/mortar (HPC) was designed to have better resistance to corrosive environments, with enhanced service life. However, the durability of HPC in wastewater pipeline environments has rarely been studied. A high-performance mortar mixture (M) reinforced by supplemental materials (including fly ash and silica fume) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, together with a mortar mixture (P) consisting of cement, sand and water with similar mechanical performance, were both designed and exposed to simulated wastewater pipeline environments. The visual appearance, dimensional variation, mass loss, mechanical properties, permeable pore volume, and microstructure of the specimens were measured during the corrosion cycles. More severe deterioration was observed when the alkaline environment was introduced into the corrosion cycles. Test results showed that the M specimens had less permeable pore volume, better dimensional stability, and denser microstructure than the P specimens under acid-alkaline-induced corrosive environments. The mass-loss rates of the M specimens were 66.1-77.2% of the P specimens after 12 corrosion cycles. The compressive strength of the M specimens was 25.5-37.3% higher than the P specimens after 12 cycles under corrosive environments. Hence, the high-performance mortar examined in this study was considered superior to traditional cementitious materials for wastewater pipeline construction and rehabilitation.
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54
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Ji Y, Zhang Z, Zhuang Y, Liao R, Zhou Z, Chen S. Molecular-level variation of dissolved organic matter and microbial structure of produced water during its early storage in Fuling shale gas field, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38361-38373. [PMID: 33733405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shale gas-produced water (PW), the waste fluid generated during gas production, contains a large number of organic contaminants and high salinity matrix. Previous studies generally focused on the end-of-pipe treatment of the PW and ignored the early collection process. In this study, the transformation of the molecular composition and microbial community structure of the PW in the transportation and storage process (i.e., from the gas-liquid separator to the storage tank) were investigated. As the PW was transported from the gas-liquid separator to the portable storage tank, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) showed greater saturation, less oxidation, and lower polarity. DOMs with high O/C and low H/C ratios (numbers of oxygen and hydrogen divided by numbers of carbon) were eliminated, which may be due to precipitation or adsorption by the solids suspended in the PW. The values of double-bond equivalent (DBE), DBE/C (DBE divided by the number of carbon), and aromatic index (AI) decreased, likely because of the microbial degradation of aromatic compounds. The PW in the gas-liquid separator presented a lower biodiversity than that in the storage tank. The microbial community in the storage tank showed the coexistence of anaerobes and aerobes. Genera related to biocorrosion and souring were detected in the two facilities, thus indicating the necessity of more efficient anticorrosion strategies. This study helps to enhance the understanding of the environmental behavior of PW during shale gas collection and provides a scientific reference for the design and formulation of efficient transportation and storage strategies to prevent and control the environmental risk of shale gas-derived PW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Yiling Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rugang Liao
- Sinopec Chongqing Fuling Shale Gas Exploration & Development Co. Ltd., Chongqing, 408014, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- Sinopec Chongqing Fuling Shale Gas Exploration & Development Co. Ltd., Chongqing, 408014, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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55
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Kang TW, Park YJ, Jeong GJ, Bae B, Kim SW. Eu 3+-doped Bi 2MoO 6 phosphors for highly sensitive and visible H 2S gas indicator material: optical and color properties, and gas sensing performance. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3231-3234. [PMID: 34197423 DOI: 10.1364/ol.431168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bi2MoO6:Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized by a solid state reaction, and H2S gas sensing performance was investigated. The Bi2MoO6:Eu3+ phosphors showed an excellent red emission due to f-f transition of Eu3+. Owing to the exposure to H2S gas, the emission intensity of the phosphors dramatically decreased to 40% of the initial value. The body color of the phosphor changed from yellow-white to dark brown. The response of the Bi2MoO6:Eu3+ phosphors for H2S gas was started from 10 ppm, and the emission intensity exponentially decreased with increasing the concentration until 500 ppm.
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56
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Thakur M, Anand A. Hydrogen sulfide: An emerging signaling molecule regulating drought stress response in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1227-1243. [PMID: 33860955 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a small, reactive signaling molecule that is produced within chloroplasts of plant cells as an intermediate in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway by the enzyme sulfite reductase. In addition, H2 S is also produced in cytosol and mitochondria by desulfhydration of l-cysteine catalyzed by l-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) in the cytosol and from β-cyanoalanine in mitochondria, in a reaction catalyzed by β-cyano-Ala synthase C1 (CAS-C1). H2 S exerts its numerous biological functions by post-translational modification involving oxidation of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). At lower concentrations (10-1000 μmol L-1 ), H2 S shows huge agricultural potential as it increases the germination rate, the size, fresh weight, and ultimately the crop yield. It is also involved in abiotic stress response against drought, salinity, high temperature, and heavy metals. H2 S donor, for example, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), has been exogenously applied on plants by various researchers to provide drought stress tolerance. Exogenous application results in the accumulation of polyamines, sugars, glycine betaine, and enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities in response to drought-induced osmotic and oxidative stress, thus, providing stress adaptation to plants. At the biochemical level, administration of H2 S donors reduces malondialdehyde content and lipoxygenase activity to maintain the cell integrity, causes abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure to prevent water loss through transpiration, and accelerates the photosystem II repair cycle. Here, we review the crosstalk of H2 S with secondary messengers and phytohormones towards the regulation of drought stress response and emphasize various approaches that can be addressed to strengthen research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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57
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Hamoda MF, Alshalahi SF. Assessment of hydrogen sulfide emission in a wastewater pumping station. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:352. [PMID: 34021834 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater collection systems can be a source of odors that lead to complaints from plant workers, the public, and nearby property owners. The primary source of odors released from such systems is the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas at high concentrations. This study was conducted in the main pumping station in Kuwait with a capacity of 570,000 m3/day to assess H2S gas emission, determine factors affecting H2S generation, and evaluate the effectiveness of the odor control system comprising stripping using sodium hydroxide and carbon adsorption. Yearly data on wastewater flow rate, temperature, pH, BOD5, and H2S were obtained from plant records over the years 2013-2015, as well as monthly data measurements were conducted during May to December 2016, and weekly data were collected during a plant monitoring program in March and April 2017. Statistical analysis showed seasonal, daily, and hourly variations in H2S concentrations, with higher values reported in summer, cyclic hourly patterns obtained daily, and peak H2S level of 10 ppm recorded at 7 pm and 40 °C. The ANOVA test indicated that the wastewater temperature, flow rate, and BOD5 were statistically significant factors affecting the formation of hydrogen sulfide gas because of the strong correlation and a p value less than the significance level of 0.05. It was evident that the wastewater temperature is the most influential factor. A model was developed to predict H2S emission. The odor control system used in the station proved to be highly effective and able to remove up to 99.9% of H2S released from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Hamoda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University, PO Box 5969, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Sara F Alshalahi
- Sanitary Engineering Sector, Ministry of Public Works, Kuwait, Kuwait
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58
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Review of Fiber Optical Sensors and Its Importance in Sewer Corrosion Factor Analysis. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects of wastewater on the hygiene of human and circumstances is a major issue in society. Appropriate refining systems with high efficiency is required to treat the wastewater. Sewage treatment plant plays a major and important role in conserving incredible nature of the environment. Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) is an important phenomenon in sewage structures which causes the deterioration of infrastructures. Huge capital has been spent and efforts have been made on wastewater treatment infrastructure to increase operating efficiency and reliability of compliance. The investments in reimbursement and maintenance of sewer structures upsurge with an increase in the rate of MIC. The focus of this review is to describe MIC in sewer structure and the factors influencing the corrosion such as the generation of Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Relative Humidity (RH), pH of the concrete structure and temperature. Modern developments in the design of Fiber Optical Sensors (FOSs) for observing the parameters including pH, Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), RH and temperature will be discussed.
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59
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Wang J, Xu X, Liu S, Shao Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Li Q, He Y, Wang Y, Sun W, Luo F, Qi W, Liu G, Qi L, Wang H. Modeling sulfide production in full flow concrete sewers based on the HRT variation of sewerage. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2063-2074. [PMID: 33989176 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion and odor in concrete sewers are mainly related to the sulfide production, which is, under certain circumstances, directly proportional to the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the sewer. To reduce the corrosion and control the odor in concrete sewers, it is necessary to model the production of sulfide in the concrete sewers with different HRTs. However, previous researches were mostly carried out in simulated Perspex-made sewers, and the obtained theoretical formulas based on the Monod equation were impractical because of the complexity. An actual concrete pipe with domestic sewage was employed in this study to obtain a simple but practical model, which can be applied to quantitively describe the sulfide production according to the HRT of the sewer and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the sewage. The empirical equation obtained was rs = (0.045 × lnHRT + 0.071) × ([COD] - b)0.6, the coefficient is a logarithmic function of the HRT, and the sulfide production rate and COD have a power relationship. Based on the data of COD and HRT obtained in the realistic sewer, the production of sulfide in the sewer can be predicted for better maintaining sewers through sulfide control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Wang
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail: ; † These two authors are co-first authors
| | - Xianglong Xu
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail: ; † These two authors are co-first authors
| | - Shuai Liu
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Yuting Shao
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Jian Wang
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Qinyu Li
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Yuanpu He
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Yue Wang
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Wenzhuo Sun
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Fangzhou Luo
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Wei Qi
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Guohua Liu
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
| | - Lu Qi
- Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China E-mail:
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Edathil AA, Kannan P, Haija MA, Banat F. Sulfide remediation from wastewater using hydrothermally synthesized δ-MnO 2/porous graphitic carbon as adsorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110429. [PMID: 33171121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A facile hydrothermal assisted in-situ precipitation technique was employed for synthesizing highly efficient porous graphitic carbon/manganese dioxide (PGC/MnO2) nanocomposite adsorbent using calcium alginate as carbon precursor. Morphological and structural characterization using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques confirmed the interconnected nanoporous architecture and birnessite (δ) MnO2 polymorph evenly distributed on the PGC structure. The synergistic effect of PGC and MnO2 was exploited for enhanced sulfide removal from wastewater via adsorptive oxidation. The effect of different experimental parameters, including solution pH, initial sulfide concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on removal efficiency was investigated. The equilibrium and kinetic data for sulfide adsorption by PGC/MnO2 nanocomposite fitted well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The maximum uptake capacity of sulfide by the nanocomposite was determined as 500 mg/g with complete sulfide removal. Further, it was estimated that a typical field application using the synthesized nanocomposite adsorbent would require 0.5-1 g/L per 200 mg/L of sulfide contaminated wastewater. Based on the experimental results, a schematic of the adsorptive oxidation mechanism of PGC/MnO2 nanocomposite is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Achazhiyath Edathil
- National Center for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pravin Kannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad Abu Haija
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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61
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Role of Models in the Decision-Making Process in Integrated Urban Water Management: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Managing urban water systems in which stormwater, wastewater, and drinking water sectors affect each other is a difficult task that requires the right modeling tools for decision making. Integrated urban water management models (IUWMs) are tools that allow decision makers to demonstrate the effectiveness of various management, operational and design strategies. Although models are useful tools, the wide range of available models with many different capabilities make it challenging for the users to select an appropriate model for their specific objectives. In this review we investigated the capabilities of popular models in IUWM. We developed a comprehensive list of indicators to compare the capabilities of the models. We also analyzed the application of these models in a comparative way and evaluated their input requirements. Finally, we provided a procedure to select the appropriate model in the management environment based on the user’s needs. In summary, the results show that most of the models’ applications are focused on supply and demand, wastewater management, and stormwater management. Very few models consider social factors and policy aspects in IUWM. While each model has its own advantages, we found some of them, such as MIKE Urban, Hydro Planner, and Aqua Cycle, to be more comprehensive. Nevertheless, there are still gaps in the models in areas such as water-energy nexus, evaluating ecosystem services, including socioeconomic factors and sustainability analysis.
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62
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Condition Assessment for Concrete Sewer Pipes Using Displacement Probes: A Robotic Design Case Study. ROBOTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/robotics10020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, millions of kilometres of sewers are constructed from concrete pipes. Unfortunately, concrete sewers are susceptible to corrosion from biogenic hydrogen sulphide, and, though they may pass visual inspection, their ability to hold together under load may be degraded. This paper presents the design of a teleoperated robot with a protractible probe, that allows an operator to apply a localised load to selected points within a concrete sewer pipe. We report findings from laboratory and field trials of our prototype, with initial results suggesting that this approach has the potential to contribute useful information to sewer maintenance planning.
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63
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Zhu P, Shen Y, Pan X, Dong B, Zhou J, Zhang W, Li X. Reducing odor emissions from feces aerobic composting: additives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15977-15988. [PMID: 35481176 PMCID: PMC9031696 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic composting is a reliable technology for treating human and animal feces, and converting them into resources. Odor emissions in compost (mainly NH3 and VSCs) not only cause serious environmental problems, but also cause element loss and reduce compost quality. This review introduces recent progresses on odor mitigation in feces composting. The mechanism of odor generation, and the path of element transfer and transformation are clarified. Several strategies, mainly additives for reducing odors proven effective in the literature are proposed. The characteristics of these methods are compared, and their respective limitations are analyzed. The mechanism and characteristics of different additives are different, and the composting plant needs to be chosen according to the actual situation. The application of adsorbent and biological additives has a broad prospect in feces composting, but the existing research is not enough. In the end, some future research topics are highlighted, and further research is needed to improve odor mitigation and element retention in feces compost. Aerobic composting is a reliable technology for treating human and animal feces, and converting them into resources. The addition of additives can reduce the production of odor during the composting process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 PR China +86-021-66137747
| | - John Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney 15 Broadway Sydney NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology 30 Guanghua Street, Hongwei District Liaoyang City Liaoning Province 111003 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
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64
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Zheng T, Li W, Ma Y, Liu J. Time-based succession existed in rural sewer biofilms: Bacterial communities, sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea, and sulfide and methane generation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144397. [PMID: 33385817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rural sewers are applied widely to collect rural sewage and biofilm characteristics in rural sewers may be different with municipal sewers. The succession of bacteria communities, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) need to be studied since rural sewers have a potential risk of sulfide and methane accumulation. In this study, lab-scale rural sewer facilities were established to analyze the characteristics of sewer biofilm and the generation of sulfide and methane. The results indicate that the variation tendency of biofilm thickness in rural sewers was different with municipal sewers. Time-based bacterial succession existed in rural sewer biofilms and the predominant genus was changed from Acinetobacter (approximately 19.10%) to Pseudomonas (approximately 12.61%). SRB (mean 1.49 × 106dsrA copies/cm2) were abundant than MA (mean 2.57 × 105mcrA copies/cm2) while MA were eliminated gradually in rural sewer biofilms. The tendency of sulfide and methane generation was similar with the number variation of SRB and MA, indicating sulfide accumulation might be more serious trouble than methane accumulation in a long-run rural sewer. Overall, this study deeply analyzed the succession of rural sewer biofilms and found that MA and methane were automatically inhibited in rural sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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65
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Nechifor AC, Cotorcea S, Bungău C, Albu PC, Pașcu D, Oprea O, Grosu AR, Pîrțac A, Nechifor G. Removing of the Sulfur Compounds by Impregnated Polypropylene Fibers with Silver Nanoparticles-Cellulose Derivatives for Air Odor Correction. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:256. [PMID: 33916200 PMCID: PMC8067035 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unpleasant odor that appears in the industrial and adjacent waste processing areas is a permanent concern for the protection of the environment and, especially, for the quality of life. Among the many variants for removing substance traces, which give an unpleasant smell to the air, membrane-based methods or techniques are viable options. Their advantages consist of installation simplicity and scaling possibility, selectivity; moreover, the flows of odorous substances are direct, automation is complete by accessible operating parameters (pH, temperature, ionic strength), and the operation costs are low. The paper presents the process of obtaining membranes from cellulosic derivatives containing silver nanoparticles, using accessible raw materials (namely motion picture films from abandoned archives). The technique used for membrane preparation was the immersion precipitation for phase inversion of cellulosic polymer solutions in methylene chloride: methanol, 2:1 volume. The membranes obtained were morphologically and structurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution SEM (HR SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermal analysis (TG, ATD). Then, the membrane performance process (extraction efficiency and species flux) was determined using hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ethanethiol (C2H5SH) as target substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Simona Cotorcea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Constantin Bungău
- Department of Engineering and Management, Faculty of Management and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Paul Constantin Albu
- Department of Radioisotopes and Radiation Metrology, IFIN Horia Hulubei, 30 Reactorului St., 023465 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Pașcu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Ovidiu Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Raluca Grosu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Andreia Pîrțac
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Gheorghe Nechifor
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (G.N.)
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66
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Zan F, Guo G, Zheng T, Chen G. Biofilm development in a pilot-scale gravity sewer: Physical characteristics, microstructure, and microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110838. [PMID: 33581085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The existence of abundant biofilms on sewer pipeline walls can lead to negative environmental impacts, such as poisonous gas release and pipe corrosions through transforming various pollutants. Investigating the formation process of sewer biofilms is of importance in advancing knowledge of sewer operation and maintenance. In this study, the changes in physical characteristics, microstructure, and microbial communities of sewer biofilm were analyzed in-depth in a pilot-scale gravity sewer during a 45-day operation. The results show that a high specific surface area at the early stage could channel the substrates for stimulating the primary colonizers (e.g., Cytophagia, Sphingobacteriia, Alpha-, and Betaproteobacteria), which could excrete an extracellular matrix to facilitate biofilm growth. The sewer biofilms were gradually formed with 62 g VS/m2 organic content, 1.2 mm biofilm thickness, and 89 mg/cm3 dry density after 45 days operation. Moreover, the biofilm growth promoted the emergence of facultative bacteria and anaerobes (affiliated with Flavobacteriia, Gemmatimonadetes, Deltaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria). Microelectrode analysis further verified that an anaerobic zone existed in mature biofilm with a negative oxidation-reduction potential (-105 mV), where approximately 0.1 μmol/L of sulfide was produced. Our results suggest that the migration of the microbial community correlated with the changes in the evolved physical characteristics and microstructure of sewer biofilm, and this can contribute to the strategies for sulfide control for improving sewer maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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67
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Kang X, Lv Z, Zhao Y, Chen Z. A QSPR model for estimating Henry's law constant of H2S in ionic liquids by ELM algorithm. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128743. [PMID: 33139046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvents have been studied in the application of gas sweetening. However, it is a huge challenge to obtain all the experimental values because of the high costs and generated chemical wastes. This study pioneered a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for estimating Henry's law constant (HLC) of H2S in ILs. A dataset consisting of the HLC data of H2S for 22 ILs within a wide range of temperature (298.15-363.15 K) were collected from published reports. The electrostatic potential surface area (SEP) and molecular volume of these ILs were calculated and used as input descriptors together with temperature. The extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm was employed for nonlinear modelling. Results showed that the determination coefficient (R2) of the training set, test set and total set were 0.9996, 0.9989,0.9994, respectively, while the average absolute relative deviation (AARD%) of them were 1.3383, 2,4820 and 1.5820, respectively. The statistical parameters for the measurement of the model exhibited the great reliability, stability, and predictive power of the ELM model. The Applicability Domain (AD) of the ELM model is also investigated. It proves that the majority of ILs in the training and test sets are located in the model's AD and verifies the reliability of the model. The proposed model is potentially applicable to guide the application of ILs for gas sweetening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, 221116, Xuzhou, China; Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuopeng Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-5080, United States.
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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68
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Thai DA, Lee NY. A paper-based colorimetric chemosensor for rapid and highly sensitive detection of sulfide for environmental monitoring. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1332-1339. [PMID: 33651059 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on paper-based colorimetric detection of sulfide using a newly synthesized chemical acting as a chemosensor, based on the deprotonation mechanism. Paper strips were also fabricated and incorporated with the chemosensor for on-site monitoring. The presence of sulfide induced deprotonation of a hydroxyl group of the chemosensor, which eventually resulted in a distinct spectral change in the tube as well as a visible color change on a paper strip. The chemosensor showed a highly selective colorimetric response to sulfide by changing its color from colorless to yellow without any interference from a mixture containing other anions. Moreover, the chemosensor effectively differentiated sulfide from other thiols, including cysteine and glutathione. The chemosensor colorimetrically detected sulfide with a fast response time of 10 s under physiological conditions. Practically, the paper test strip enabled colorimetric visualization of as low as 30 μM sulfide and a good recovery in quantitative analysis in water samples. The introduced paper-based chemosensor is a promising colorimetric strategy with rapid, selective, and sensitive sensing abilities for sulfide monitoring in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Anh Thai
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
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Gomes PIA, Samararatne S, Wai OWH, Perera MDD. Impact of increased instream heterogeneity by deflectors on the removal of hydrogen sulfide of regulated urban waterways-A laboratory study. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:445-454. [PMID: 32860306 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that increase in physical heterogeneity by deflectors would improve the water quality of urban regulated (straight and prismatic) waterways. Deflectors changed the near-uniform flow to a rapidly varied flow, as such the depth, velocity, and Froude number (Fr) variations were four, 10, and 14 times more than the without deflector scenario, respectively. Removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), the main focus of the study, was significantly high when deflectors were placed in the laboratory urban waterway. Introduction of a sediment bed further improved H2 S removal; however, in this case turbidity and color were significantly high too. These observations endorse the fact that attenuation induced by deflectors and assimilation promoted by the sediment bed aids the H2 S removal. These facts were further strengthened by the significant strong negative correlations H2 S made with DO and pH for all experiments. Further studies are recommended for different deflector orientations and modified sediment beds (e.g., mixture of sediment and gravel), identification of localized water quality hot spots to capture spatial variation of water quality, and impact of increased heterogeneity on flood safety. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Increase in physical heterogeneity (by deflectors) on water quality improvement was studied in a laboratory set up. Deflectors changed the near-uniform flow to rapidly varied flow with several mesoscale physical habitats. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) removal was greatest with deflectors and the sediment bed, but was characterized by high turbidity. H2 S removal showed strong negative correlations with dissolved oxygen and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattiyage I A Gomes
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
| | - Saneth Samararatne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
| | - Onyx W H Wai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manimeldura D D Perera
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
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70
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Huang R, Tang Y, Luo L. Thermochemistry of sulfur during pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludges. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 121:276-285. [PMID: 33388650 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an abundant and redox-active element in urban wastewater systems and plays a critical role in both the wastewater and sludge treatment processes. This study comparatively characterized the transformation of S and several closely associated metals (Cu, Zn, and Fe) during pyrolysis (250 to 750 °C) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC, 150 to 275 °C) treatments of sewage sludge. S, Fe, Zn, and Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy was applied to quantitatively evaluate the fate of S and contribution of different S species in regulating metal speciation. During pyrolysis, aliphatic-S and sulfonate were preferentially degraded at low temperature (below 350 °C) and sulfate was thermochemically reduced at temperature above 450 °C, while metal sulfides (up to 27%) and thiophenes (up to 70%) were increasingly formed. Similar to the pyrolysis process, metal sulfides (up to 40% at temperature above 200 °C) and thiophenes were formed during HTC. The degradation of thiols and organic sulfide, as well as sulfate reduction, released sulfide and strongly affected metal speciation. For example, almost all Cu and half of Zn were transformed into Cu-Fe- or Zn-Fe-sulfides during HTC, whereas they were partially desulfidized during pyrolysis. High abundance of reduced S species (S-1 and S-2) in hydrochars may contribute to their strong reductive adsorption of Cr(VI). Results from this work reveal the thermochemical reactions driving the transformations of S and its associated metals during pyrolysis and HTC. The results provide fundamental knowledge for selecting thermochemical sludge treatment techniques for value-added applications of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30324-0340, USA
| | - Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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71
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Bazemo U, Gardner E, Romero A, Hauduc H, Al-Omari A, Takacs I, Murthy S, Torrents A, De Clippeleir H. Investigating the dynamics of volatile sulfur compound emission from primary systems at a water resource recovery facility. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:316-327. [PMID: 32706455 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study quantifies volatile sulfur compound (VSC) emissions from primary settling tanks and investigates their mechanisms of generation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and methyl mercaptan (MM) concentrations in the off-gas were dominant among the VSCs analyzed, while dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were under their odor threshold for most sampling dates. H2 S emission in primary settling tanks was mainly the result of the stripping of dissolved sulfide (64%) generated in the sewers. Results indicate that MM emission was more dependent on the conditions in the primary clarifiers (only 16% stripping). Prevention of odor emission in primary settling tanks can be achieved by managing biofilms and microbial reactions in the sewer network. Controlling the biomass seeding and fermentation product availability in the primary settling tanks is essential to significantly minimize the kinetics of H2 S and MM generation. Overall, the management of sludge blanket heights and thus avoiding time at low oxidation-reduction potential minimized odor emission independent of sewer conditions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: H2 S emission from primary clarifiers mainly originated from the stripping of the dissolved sulfide formed in the sewers. MM emission contributed for 89% to overall odor emitted from primary clarifiers. Seeding of active biomass from the sewer into the primary clarifiers was be the main driver for both MM and H2 S formation. Increased availability of fermentation products or fermenters increased MM production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Gardner
- The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
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Rodríguez-Gómez LE, Rodríguez-Sevilla J, Hernández A, Álvarez M. Factors affecting nitrification with nitrite accumulation in treated wastewater by oxygen injection. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:813-825. [PMID: 31314696 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1645742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work provides information on nitrification with nitrite accumulation in low strength ammonia (below 50 mg L-1 NH4-N) and low organic matter (below 150 mg L-1 COD) reclaimed wastewater. In the South Tenerife reclaimed wastewater pipeline (62 km long), injection of O2 has been applied to promote a nitrification process in order to improve water quality and to avoid anaerobic conditions. Nitrification occurs, in most cases, with nitrite accumulation. The amount of oxidized nitrogen compounds produced increases with the oxygen dose applied. The nitrification process is usually favoured instead of the organic matter transformation, due to the low organic matter/ammonia nitrogen ratio of water. The influence of organic matter content on nitrification has been analysed, and a good suitability for COD has been found as an indicator for nitrification limitation (for the range of COD and NH4-N concentrations of the system). Nitrification limitation has been observed above 85 mg L-1 COD, and nitrification inhibition above a concentration of 105 mg L-1. In addition, the limitation of nitrite oxidation bacteria activity (nitrite accumulation) by free ammonia and temperature has been assessed, finding that, for the range of free ammonia (0.6-2.1 mg L-1 NH3) and temperature (20.4-27.0°C) in the study, temperature plays a much more relevant role than free ammonia on nitrite accumulation. The lower limiting temperature for nitrite build-up in the system has been 21.0°C. Below this temperature, nitrite accumulation did not exist or was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Rodríguez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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73
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Electrochemical removal of sulfide ions and recovery of sulfur from sulfide ions containing wastes. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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74
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The Inclusion of Acidic and Stormwater Flows in Concrete Sewer Corrosion Mitigation Studies. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concrete sewer pipes can be deteriorated by sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which is created by the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of certain bacteria inside the sewers. This process is called biocorrosion. In this paper, H2SO4 (i.e., chemical, non-biogenic) was used to study acid attack on concrete samples. The authors conducted experiments under different acid flows and concentrations, to account for the conditions prevailing in sewage networks exposed to flowing acidic waters. The effect of intermittent stormwater on the removal of protective layers was studied in addition to constant flow runs. Specimens’ erosion depth was measured with a Vernier micrometer. In addition, unconfined compression at an axial strain rate of 0.0016 mm/mm/min was used for the estimation of unconfined compressive strength and elastic modulus. Moreover, the formation of gypsum as a protective layer and its role in biocorrosion was discussed. From this study, it was concluded that although the utilization of constant flowrates of acidic waters represents an important indication of corrosion mechanism, intermittent sewage and water flows should be taken into account, corresponding to real conditions in sewage networks, and resulting into accelerated concrete corrosion. Stormwater in combined sewers could remove the protective gypsum layer, thus accelerating chemical corrosion; however, in the presence of biogenic H2SO4, the removal of gypsum by excess flows due to stormwater could have a positive effect on corrosion mitigation. Finally, for combined sewers, selected coatings should withstand the effect of stormwater and high-velocity water flow tests should be included in future studies.
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75
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Mohsenpour SF, Hennige S, Willoughby N, Adeloye A, Gutierrez T. Integrating micro-algae into wastewater treatment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142168. [PMID: 33207512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Improving the ecological status of water sources is a growing focus for many developed and developing nations, in particular with reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater effluent. In recent years, mixotrophic micro-algae have received increased interest in implementing them as part of wastewater treatment. This is based on their ability to utilise organic and inorganic carbon, as well as inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in wastewater for their growth, with the desired results of a reduction in the concentration of these substances in the water. The aim of this review is to provide a critical account of micro-algae as an important step in wastewater treatment for enhancing the reduction of N, P and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater, whilst utilising a fraction of the energy demand of conventional biological treatment systems. Here, we begin with an overview of the various steps in the treatment process, followed by a review of the cellular and metabolic mechanisms that micro-algae use to reduce N, P and COD of wastewater with identification of when the process may potentially be most effective. We also describe the various abiotic and biotic factors influencing micro-algae wastewater treatment, together with a review of bioreactor configuration and design. Furthermore, a detailed overview is provided of the current state-of-the-art in the use of micro-algae in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Mohsenpour
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sebastian Hennige
- School of Geosciences, The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Adebayo Adeloye
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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76
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Zwain HM, Nile BK, Faris AM, Vakili M, Dahlan I. Modelling of hydrogen sulfide fate and emissions in extended aeration sewage treatment plant using TOXCHEM simulations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22209. [PMID: 33335267 PMCID: PMC7747736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Odors due to the emission of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been a concern in the sewage treatment plants over the last decades. H2S fate and emissions from extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) system in Muharram Aisha-sewage treatment plant (MA-STP) were studied using TOXCHEM model. Sensitivity analysis at different aeration flowrate, H2S loading rate, wastewater pH, wastewater temperature and wind speed were studied. The predicted data were validated against actual results, where all the data were validated within the limits, and the statistical evaluation of normalized mean square error (NMSE), geometric variance (VG), and correlation coefficient (R) were close to the ideal fit. The results showed that the major processes occurring in the system were degradation and emission. During summer (27 °C) and winter (12 °C), about 25 and 23%, 1 and 2%, 2 and 2%, and 72 and 73% were fated as emitted to air, discharged with effluent, sorbed to sludge, and biodegraded, respectively. At summer and winter, the total emitted concentrations of H2S were 6.403 and 5.614 ppm, respectively. The sensitivity results indicated that aeration flowrate, H2S loading rate and wastewater pH highly influenced the emission and degradation of H2S processes compared to wastewater temperature and wind speed. To conclude, TOXCHEM model successfully predicted the H2S fate and emissions in EAAS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider M Zwain
- College of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Babylon, 51013, Iraq. .,Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, P.O. Box 33, 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Basim K Nile
- College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, 56100, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Faris
- School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 1684613114, Narmak, Tehran, Iran.,Kerbala Sewerage Directorate, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq
| | - Mohammadtaghi Vakili
- Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Irvan Dahlan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.,Solid Waste Management Cluster, Science and Engineering Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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77
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Li Y, Xu Q, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang D, Yang G, Yuan X, Yang F, Huang J, Wu Z. Peroxide/Zero-valent iron (Fe 0) pretreatment for promoting dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge: A mechanistic study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123112. [PMID: 32947734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxide/Zero-valent iron (Fe0) was reported to promote dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge (ADS), but the mechanism of how Peroxide/Fe0 facilitates ADS dewatering is unknown. This study therefore aims to uncover the details of how Peroxide/Fe° elevates ADS dewaterability. Experimental results showed that with 0.6 g Fe0/g TSS and 0.08 g peroxide/g TSS, capillary suction time, specific resistance to filtration, and time to filtration of ADS was 50.7 %, 41.4 %, and 54.4 % of that in the control, respectively. In this condition, water content of sludge cake decreased from 91.2 % ± 0.5 % (the control) to 68.6 % ± 1.3 %. The mechanism explorations revealed that the elevated dewaterability was mainly caused by role of OH and Fe(II)/Fe(III) species during Peroxide/Fe° pretreatment. OH decreased the polysaccharides and proteins in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), then injured the cytoderm & cytomembrane through the releases of lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetylglucosamine, and further facilitated the decrease of intracellular substances, which disengaged the water trapped in ADS. In addition, the cell lysis caused by OH facilitated forming macro-pores. Moreover, OH converted the conformational structure of extracellular proteins, which may strengthen the ADS hydrophobicity, promoting the discharge of unbound water and ADS flocculation. Meanwhile, Fe(II)/Fe(III) benefited aggregating the denatured ADS particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Qiuxiang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yali Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Guojing Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hunan Communication Research Institute Co, Changsha, 410000, PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Ecological and Environmental Affairs, Changsha, 410000, PR China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
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78
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Properties and Performance of Novel Mg(OH) 2-Based Coatings for Corrosion Mitigation in Concrete Sewer Pipes. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225291. [PMID: 33238399 PMCID: PMC7700176 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity occurring in urban sewerage systems usually leads to the (biogenic) corrosion of pipe infrastructure. Anti-corrosion coating technology was developed in an effort to protect sewer pipes from degradation. This study evaluates a new class of relatively low-cost magnesium hydroxide-based coatings, regarding their ability to adhere efficiently onto the concrete surface, and offer efficient corrosion protection. Six magnesium hydroxide-based coatings were prepared with the addition of two different types of cellulose, used as adhesion additives, and these were applied on concrete specimens. Pull-off measurements showed that the addition of higher amounts of cellulose could improve the coating adhesion onto the concrete surface. An accelerated sulfuric acid spraying test was used to evaluate the consumption time of the applied coatings and their efficiency in maintaining over time slightly alkaline pH values (above 8) on the coated/protected surfaces. At the end of spraying test, a mineralogical analysis of surface samples was performed, indicating that the formation of corrosion by-products (mainly gypsum) was increased when the added amount of cellulose was lower. Hardness and roughness measurements were also conducted on the concrete surfaces, revealing that the coatings helped the concrete surface to preserve its initial surface properties, in comparison to the uncoated specimens. A SEM/microstructure analysis showed that aggregates were formed (possibly consisting of Mg(OH)2), affecting the reactivity of the protected surface against sulfuric acid attack.
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79
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Wilk ŁJ, Ciechanowska A, Kociołek-Balawejder E. Adsorptive-Oxidative Removal of Sulfides from Water by MnO 2-Loaded Carboxylic Cation Exchangers. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225124. [PMID: 33202896 PMCID: PMC7696700 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid ion exchangers (HIX) containing manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2) based on macroporous and gel-type carboxylic cation exchangers as supporting materials were obtained. The hybrid materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and mercury porosimetry. HIX with introduced MnO2 (20.0–32.8 wt% Mn) were tested for removal of dissolved sulfides from anoxic aqueous solutions with 100–500 mg S2−/dm3 concentrations. The process proceeded effortlessly at pH 10–13 despite unfavorable electrostatic interactions of the reactants. The highest exhibited sorption capacity was 144.3 ± 7.1 mg S2−/g. Approximately 65% of dissolved sulfides were oxidized to S2O32− ions and repelled from HIX structure. On average, 13% of sulfide removal products were adsorbed by the MnO2 surface. The impact of MnO2 load and the ionic form of HIX functional groups on removal of sulfides and resulting products was examined. The mechanism of the process is suggested.
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80
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Gao R, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Liu J, Lu J. Upstream Natural Pulsed Ventilation: A simple measure to control the sulfide and methane production in gravity sewer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140579. [PMID: 32629266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Production of sulfide and methane due to anaerobic biological transformations in sewer pipes causes serious problems to sewer maintenance. For gravity sewers, enhancing ventilation is a practical method that reduces the production of both sulfide and methane. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a new method, Upstream Natural Pulsed Ventilation (UNPV), to control sulfide and methane production in gravity sewers. Two lab-scale reactors simulating the gravity sewer pipe with and without ventilation were set up to assess the effectiveness. The results show that compared with the gravity sewer pipe without ventilation, under the UNPV condition, the total sulfide concentration reduced by 39.08% and 58.74%, and the methane concentration reduced by 42.29% and 35.70% in the upstream and downstream sewer pipe, respectively. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the UNPV method could inhibit the proliferation of sulfate-reducing bacteria and stimulate the proliferation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within the whole sewer pipe. The composition of methanogenic archaea that are responsible for methane production was changed by ventilation. The increased oxidation-reduction potential and organic carbon transportation in wastewater under ventilation may be responsible for the microbial community changes. The findings of this study may provide new insight to reduce sulfide and methane production in gravity sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Gao
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junzhuo Liu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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81
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Taheri S, Ams M, Bustamante H, Vorreiter L, Bevitt JJ, Withford M, Clark SM. Characterizing concrete corrosion below sewer tidal levels at chemically dosed locations. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116245. [PMID: 32758792 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unexplainable concrete softening below the water line has been observed by Sydney Water in their gravity sewer network, some of which is subjected to corrosion control methods using chemical ferrous chloride (FeCl2) dosing of the wastewater. We applied a combination of physical and chemical tools to determine the properties of the top 20 mm of concrete cores recovered from sewer pipes. These techniques consist of neutron tomographic imaging, scanning electron microscopy, hardness mapping, and pH profiling. Concrete cores were collected from roof (crown), tidal (wall) and below flow regions of gravity sewer pipes of Sydney Water's wastewater system from locations that received no treatment as well as locations dosed with FeCl2. All samples showed a degree of softening of the surface exposed to the sewerage with an associated depletion in calcium concentration and reduced pH in the same regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Taheri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Martin Ams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | | | - Joseph J Bevitt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234 Australia
| | - Michael Withford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Simon Martin Clark
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234 Australia
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82
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Microbial Communities and Sulfate-Reducing Microorganisms Abundance and Diversity in Municipal Anaerobic Sewage Sludge Digesters from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (Marrakech, Morocco). Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both molecular analyses and culture-dependent isolation were combined to investigate the diversity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes and explore their role in sulfides production in full-scale anaerobic digesters (Marrakech, Morocco). At global scale, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Synergistetes, and Euryarchaeota were the most dominant phyla. The abundance of Archaea (3.1–5.7%) was linked with temperature. The mcrA gene ranged from 2.18 × 105 to 1.47 × 107 gene copies.g−1 of sludge. The sulfate-reducing prokaryotes, representing 5% of total sequences, involved in sulfides production were Peptococcaceae, Syntrophaceae, Desulfobulbaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Syntrophobacteraceae, Desulfurellaceae, and Desulfobacteraceae. Furthermore, dsrB gene ranged from 2.18 × 105 to 1.92 × 107 gene copies.g−1 of sludge. The results revealed that exploration of diversity and function of sulfate-reducing bacteria may play a key role in decreasing sulfide production, an undesirable by-product, during anaerobic digestion.
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83
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Comparison between two different fixed-bed reactor configurations for nitrogen removal coupled to biogas biodesulfurization. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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84
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Pang Y, Gu T, Zhang G, Yu Z, Zhou Y, Zhu DZ, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Experimental study on volatile sulfur compound inhibition using a single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30571-30582. [PMID: 32468370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Odor emissions from sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants have attracted much attention due to the potential negative effects on human health. A single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell was proposed for the removal of sulfides in a sewer system. The feasibility of the use of volatile sulfur compounds and their removal efficiency in liquid and headspace gas phases were investigated using synthetic wastewater with real sewer sediment and Ru/Ir-coated titanium electrodes. The results indicate that hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic sulfur compounds were effectively inhibited in the liquid phase upon electrochemical treatment at current densities of 1.55, 2.06, and 2.58 mA/cm2, and their removal rates reached up to 86.2-100%, except for dimethyl trisulfide, the amount of which increased greatly at 1.55 mA/cm2. In addition, the amount of volatile sulfur compounds in the headspace decreased greatly; however, the total theoretical odor concentration was still high, and methanethiol and ethanethiol greatly contributed to the total strength of the odor concentration due to their low odor threshold concentrations. The major pathway for sulfide removal in the single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell is biotic oxidation, the removal rate of which was 0.4-0.5 mg/min, 4-5 times that of indirect electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianfeng Gu
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guijiao Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Zhiguang Yu
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Yiping Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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85
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Abstract
Gold amalgam microelectrodes (GAMEs) have been characterized and successfully calibrated to measure >1.5 mM (30 mg L−1) sulfide in artificial wastewater (AWW) using cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV). Microbial sulfide generation in two types of AWW was traced. Artificial wastewater type 1 (AWW1) held the potential for almost 50% conversion of sulfur compounds at a maximum rate of ~4.3 ± 0.5 µM h−1 while AWW 2 held a potential for 75–100% conversion at a rate of 165 µM h−1. In addition, the GAMEs were thoroughly examined during fabrication, maturation, and aging. An earlier described plating method was found to result in varying electrode surfaces due to excess mercury deposition and, therefore, deviating stripping signals. The limited shelf life of GAMEs has been proposed previously. This study shows the extent of electrode surface changes during amalgam formation and the wear and tear of application. As a result, suggestions to optimize fabrication and application are discussed to provide reliable measurements and proceed toward a future commercialization.
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86
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Least Cost Analysis for Biocorrosion Mitigation Strategies in Concrete Sewers. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The changing role of the municipal water and wastewater authorities, together with the need for a sustainable maintenance treatment in the sewer systems, have been the catalysts for the integration of technical and financial information into asset management systems. This paper presents results from a cost-comparative analysis focusing on an annuities calculation for the evaluation of microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) or biocorrosion mitigation methodologies used in the maintenance of concrete sewers. The replacement cost of deteriorated sewer concrete pipes is high, and MIC mitigation methods can be used to increase the current service life of concrete pipes. From the MIC mitigation methods that are frequently used, the authors examined those of flushing with high-pressure water (i.e., a common method used in Greece), and spraying with magnesium hydroxide slurry (MHS). The authors chose four different cities for the assessment, which presented different sewer characteristics and socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, all methods for concrete sewer MIC mitigation were compared to the present value of replacement of sewer concrete pipes with new PVC ones. Results showed that flushing with high-pressure water is very cost demanding and should be avoided, while spraying with MHS could be a sustainable and economic solution in the long term.
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87
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Zeng Q, Hao T, Yuan Z, Chen G. Dewaterability enhancement and sulfide mitigation of CEPT sludge by electrochemical pretreatment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115727. [PMID: 32259684 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dewatering and sulfide control are the key challenges in treating chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge. In this study, an electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) approach with the input of 10 V/800 mA was explored for simultaneously improving the dewaterability of CEPT sludge and eliminating its sulfide production. The effects of different electrode materials (carbon and titanium) and EPT durations (from 5 to 15 min) were documented to reveal the underlying EPT mechanism. EPT with titanium electrodes (titanium-EPT) led to limited improvement in dewaterability and sulfide control. EPT with carbon electrodes (carbon-EPT) for 15 min, however, led to decreases in capillary suction time and specific resistance in filtration of over 80% and the suppression of about 99% of hydrogen sulfide (H2S(g)) production over 5 days of anaerobic storage. Analysis of the characteristics of treated CEPT sludge revealed that carbon-EPT disintegrated sludge flocs with ∼70% reduction in sludge particle sizes and release of aromatic and tyrosine protein-like substances, thus enhancing sludge dewaterability. The sulfur balance in the liquid and gaseous phases showed that most of the sulfur-containing compounds remained in the solid phase as aliphatic sulfur and sulfonic acid after carbon-EPT, thereby mitigating sulfide emission. While the pattern of sulfur distribution in sludge with titanium-EPT was dominated by sulfide, it was similar to the control sample. Reduction in bacteria associated with sulfide production (i.e., Lachnospiraceae) in CEPT sludge after carbon-EPT also contributed to sulfide elimination. This study demonstrates that EPT can be a superior option for simultaneously enhancing the dewaterability of CEPT sludge and mitigating its sulfide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
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88
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Zhang J, Zhu Q, Xing Z. Preparation of new materials by ethylene glycol modification and Al(OH) 3 coating NZVI to remove sulfides in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:122049. [PMID: 32007862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) modified by ethylene glycol (EG), and then an aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) film was wound on it to make a new material (EG-NZVI@Al(OH)3), it is used to remove sulfides in water and it has greatly improved the performance of sulfide removal. At different pH values, Al(OH)3 film can effectively improve the adsorption of sulfide by EG-NZVI @Al(OH)3. Al(OH)3 film can also enhance suspension stability and reduce NZVI corrosion in water. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization methods were used to prove that the NZVI was successfully modified by EG and coated by Al(OH)3, achieved the role of protecting NZVI from being oxidized during preparation and drying, and enhanced suspension stability, chemical reactivity and longevity. The removal of sulfides in water by NZVI is mainly through the formation of surface complexes, iron mercapto oxide (FeOSH) and the precipitates of iron sulfide (FeS, FeS2, FeSn) adsorbed on the surface of NZVI. Al(OH)3 film is positively charged It will cause electrostatic adsorption and adsorption on sulfur ions. EG-NZVI@Al(OH)3 is used to remove sulfide from 2.5-50 mg/L aqueous solution. It shows the highest adsorption capacity is 175.5 mg/g. And the mechanism of adsorption is speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Zipeng Xing
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China
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89
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Van Dinh C. Anticorrosion Behavior of the SiO 2/Epoxy Nanocomposite-Concrete Lining System under H 2SO 4 Acid Aqueous Environment. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10533-10542. [PMID: 32426611 PMCID: PMC7227047 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concrete structures in the sewer are corroded by sulfuric acid solution resulted from the actions of microorganisms in a sewer environment. Many reports pointed out that it can shorten the service life of concrete sewer networks from 10 to 50 years. Isolation of sulfuric acid solution from the surface of the sewerage concrete structures by using a polymer lining is effective corrosion protection. This study presents the preparation of a silica-epoxy nanocomposite material used for this lining purpose. Diffusion behavior, the cohesion of the lining on the concrete surface under the severer conditions, was investigated. Dispersion and distribution of the nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis contribute to the enhancement of the lining's barrier properties to water and to H2SO4 acid solution at different temperatures. An improvement of cohesion between the concrete and the nanocomposite lining was found. The nanocomposite lining remained cohesive on a concrete substrate almost two times longer than the neat lining when they were exposed to the 10.0 wt % H2SO4 acid solution at both 40 and 60 °C. The energy-dispersive system combined SEM analysis results of the pulled-off linings confirmed that the corrosion of the concrete interfaces is because of H2SO4 acid. It contributes to the adhesion loss of the lining. Thus, loaded nanosilica particles into epoxy enhance barrier properties, bond strength, and longevity of the service life of the sewerage concrete structure.
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90
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Zuo Z, Zheng M, Chang J, Ren D, Huang X, Yuan Z, Liu Y. Free nitrous acid-based suppression of sulfide production in sewer sediments: In-situ effect mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136871. [PMID: 32014769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide production control in gravity sewer sediments is more complex and difficult due to the greater spatial complexity of biological processes as a result of the abundant microflora inside the sediments. In this study, a promising and cost-effective free nitrous acid (FNA)-based suppression strategy for sulfide production in sewer sediments was proposed. Novel in-situ measurement methods were implemented by incorporating the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique and high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) with microbial characterization analysis along the vertical sediment profile to examine the effect mechanism of the FNA-based inhibition process on sulfide production in the sediments. The results revealed that the FNA-based exposure strategy could effectively suppress the sulfidogenic activity across the whole shallow active layer (approximately 0.5 cm below the surface) in the sediments. An initial high FNA concentration up to 2.5 mg HNO2-N/L was required to maintain a critical inhibition level (24-h average concentration > 0.2 mg HNO2-N/L) across the whole active sediment zone. The FNA concentration decreased sharply deeper than 0.5 cm with a significant pH increase, resulting in FNA inactivation only reducing the microbial live/total ratio and shifting the microbial community structure near the sediment surface. Maintaining a low pH is the critical factor for the FNA-based suppression strategy of the sulfidogenic activity in the shallow sediment zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jian Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daheng Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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91
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Matos RV, Ferreira F, Matos JS. Influence of ventilation in H 2S exposure and emissions from a gravity sewer. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:2043-2056. [PMID: 32701485 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of natural ventilation and intermittent pumping events in hydrogen sulfide and methane dynamics, in terms of system operation and risk of gas exposure. Work was conducted in a full scale gravity sewer downstream of pumping stations, in Portugal. Different ventilation rates and locations were assessed, as well as H2S removal rates and potential exposure risk, through the opening of distinct manhole covers. Increased ventilation, resulting from opening of one manhole cover, saw a 38% increase in average pipe air velocity peaks, doubling the estimated rate of air turnovers per day, accompanied by an increase of nearly 20% in H2S average removal rate. Simultaneous opening of two manhole covers induced similar airflow rates through the vent stack, but different rates throughout the pipe. H2S removal rates were also found to differ, according to location of open manholes, but also initial H2S headspace concentration. Under more unfavourable conditions, natural ventilation did not suffice in attaining recommended safety concentrations, regardless of number and location of open manhole covers. H2S concentrations above defined thresholds were verified for all studied setups. Headspace oxygen concentrations below an 18.5% asphyxiation threshold also occasionally occurred, even at manholes immediately downstream of ventilation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ventura Matos
- CERIS, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal E-mail:
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- CERIS, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal E-mail:
| | - José Saldanha Matos
- CERIS, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal E-mail:
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92
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Zan F, Dai J, Jiang F, Ekama GA, Chen G. Ground food waste discharge to sewer enhances methane gas emission: A lab-scale investigation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115616. [PMID: 32145553 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emission of sulfide and methane from sewerage system has been a major concern for a long time. Sewers are now facing emerging challenges, such as receiving food waste (FW) to relieve the burdens on solid waste treatment. However, the knowledge of the direct impact of FW addition on sulfide and methane production in and emission from sewers is still lacking. In this study, two lab-scale sewer reactors, one without and one with FW addition, were continuously operated to investigate the production of sulfide and methane and microbial communities arising from FW discharge to freshwater sewerage system. The 190-day long-term monitoring and the batch tests on days 69 and 124 suggest that the FW addition has little impact on sulfide production possibly due to the limited sulfate concentration (40 mg S/L) but enhanced methane production by up to 60%. Moreover, cryosection-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the FW addition significantly stimulated the accumulation of methanogenic archaea (MA) in sewer biofilms and altered the spatial distributions of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and MA. Moreover, the relative abundance of MA in biofilms with FW addition was higher than that without FW addition, whereas the relative abundance of SRB was similar. Metabolic pathway analysis for sulfidogenesis and methanogenesis indicates that sufficient substrates derived from the FW addition were biodegraded during fermentation to produce acetate and hydrogen, and consequently facilitate methanogenesis. These findings shed light on the impacts of changes in wastewater compositions (e.g., FW addition) on sulfide and methane production in the freshwater sewerage system for improved policy-making on sewer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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93
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Ntagia E, Fiset E, Truong Cong Hong L, Vaiopoulou E, Rabaey K. Electrochemical treatment of industrial sulfidic spent caustic streams for sulfide removal and caustic recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121770. [PMID: 31836376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline spent caustic streams (SCS) produced in the petrochemical and chemical manufacturing industry, contain high concentrations of reactive sulfide (HS-) and caustic soda (NaOH). Common treatment methods entail high operational costs while not recovering the possible resources that SCS contain. Here we studied the electrochemical treatment of SCS from a chemical manufacturing industry in an electrolysis cell, aiming at anodic HS- removal and cathodic NaOH, devoid of sulfide, recovery. Using a synthetic SCS we first evaluated the HS- oxidation product distribution over time, as well as the HS- removal and the NaOH recovery, as a function of current density. In a second step, we investigated the operational aspects of such treatment for the industrial SCS, under 300 A m-2 fixed current density. In an electrolysis cell receiving 205 ± 60 g S L-1 d-1 HS- over 20 days of continuous operation, HS- was removed with a 38.0 ± 7.7 % removal and ∼80 % coulombic efficiency, with a concomitant recovery of a ∼12 wt.% NaOH solution. The low cell voltage obtained (1.75 ± 0.12 V), resulted in low energy requirements of 3.7 ± 0.6 kW h kg-1 S and 6.3 ± 0.4 kW h kg-1 NaOH and suggests techno-economic viability of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Ntagia
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium; CAPTURE, www.capture-resources.be, Belgium
| | - Erika Fiset
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium; CAPTURE, www.capture-resources.be, Belgium
| | - Linh Truong Cong Hong
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eleni Vaiopoulou
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium; Concawe, Boulevard du Souverain, 165 B-1160, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium; CAPTURE, www.capture-resources.be, Belgium.
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94
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The effect of Hydrogen sulfide oxidation with ultraviolet light and aeration on sour water treatment via membrane contactors. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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95
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Biocorrosion of Concrete Sewers in Greece: Current Practices and Challenges. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12072638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper is intended to review the current practices and challenges regarding the corrosion of the Greek sewer systems with an emphasis on biocorrosion and to provide recommendations to avoid it. The authors followed a holistic approach, which included survey data obtained by local authorities serving more than 50% of the total country’s population and validated the survey answers with field measurements and analyses. The exact nature and extent of concrete biocorrosion problems in Greece are presented for the first time. Moreover, the overall condition of the sewer network, the maintenance frequency, and the corrosion prevention techniques used in Greece are also presented. Results from field measurements showed the existence of H2S in the gaseous phase (i.e., precursor of the H2SO4 formation in the sewer) and acidithiobacillus bacteria (i.e., biocorrosion causative agent) in the slime, which exists at the interlayer between the concrete wall and the sewage. Biocorrosion seems to mainly affect old concrete networks, and the replacement of the destroyed concrete pipes with new polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ones is currently common practice. However, in most cases, the replacement cost is high, and the authors provide some recommendations to increase the current service life of concrete pipes.
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96
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Sun J, Wei L, Yin R, Jiang F, Shang C. Microbial iron reduction enhances in-situ control of biogenic hydrogen sulfide by FeOOH granules in sediments of polluted urban waters. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115453. [PMID: 31918385 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the abiotic and biotic processes in the in-situ control of biogenic hydrogen sulfide generated from microbial sulfate reduction by ferric (FeIII) (hydr)oxides (FeOOH) granules in the sediments of polluted urban waters. Granular ferric hydroxide (GFH, β-FeOOH) and granular ferric oxide (GFO, α-FeOOH) dosed in the organic- and sulfate-rich sediments had 180% and 19% higher sulfide removal capacities than those used for the purely abiotic removal of dissolved sulfide, respectively. The enhancement was attributable to the involvement of the biotic pathways, besides the abiotic pathways (mainly sulfide oxidation). The FeOOH granules stimulated the microbial reduction of surface FeIII by iron-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrio and Carnobacterium), and increased the microbial sulfate reduction by 24%-30% under an organic-rich condition, likely due to the enhanced organic fermentation. The microbial iron reduction significantly enhanced the removal of the formed biogenic hydrogen sulfide through increasing sulfide precipitation because it remarkably promoted the release of Fe2+ ions from the granule surface, likely due to the involvement of siderophores as ligands. This biotic pathway led to the formation of amorphous FeS(s) as a major sulfur product (56%-81%), instead of elemental sulfur. The enhancement in the sulfide control performance was much more pronounced when the poorly ordered GFH was used, because of the faster Fe2+ release, compared to the highly ordered GFO. The abiotic and biotic mechanisms elucidated in this study provide insights into the iron-sulfur chemistry in the sediments of various polluted waters (e.g., storm drains, urban rivers, and estuary), where the manually-dosed and naturally-occurring FeIII (hydr)oxides control biogenic hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Wei
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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97
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Zan F, Dai J, Jiang F, Chan RC, Chen G. Test of transformation mechanism of food waste and its impacts on sulfide and methane production in the sewer system. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:845-852. [PMID: 32460287 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) management has become an important issue worldwide. Diverting FW into the sewer system is considered promising to tackle the FW issue. However, the transformation of FW in sewers and its impact on the sewer process have not received adequate attention due to the overlooked sewer networks. In this study, a laboratory-scale sewer reactor system was established to investigate the transformation of FW and the production of sulfide and methane under anaerobic conditions. The transformation of FW in the sewer reactor could result in an increase in the substrate level through hydrolyzing and converting biodegradable substances into preferred substrates. Moreover, the generated substrates from the addition of FW were preferable for the metabolism of key microbes in sewer biofilms. As a result, methane production from the sewer reactor could be enhanced from the addition of FW, whereas sulfide production was not affected at a low sulfate concentration. The findings of this study suggest that the diversion of FW may exert an adverse impact on sewers and the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emission. Hence, more research is necessary to clarify the detailed impacts on FW management and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China E-mail:
| | - Ji Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China E-mail:
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard C Chan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China E-mail:
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China E-mail:
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98
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Masoumpour MS, Mousavipour SH. A theoretical study on the kinetics of multichannel Multiwell reaction of H 2S( 1A1) with HO 2( 2A′′). Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1583387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Hosein Mousavipour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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99
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Farghali M, Andriamanohiarisoamanana FJ, Ahmed MM, Kotb S, Yamamoto Y, Iwasaki M, Yamashiro T, Umetsu K. Prospects for biogas production and H 2S control from the anaerobic digestion of cattle manure: The influence of microscale waste iron powder and iron oxide nanoparticles. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 101:141-149. [PMID: 31610475 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving the quality and quantity of biogas usually requires pre-treatment to maximize methane yields and/or post-treatment to remove H2S, which involves considerable energy consumption and higher costs. Therefore, this study proposes a cost-effective method for the enhanced anaerobic digestion (AD) of dairy manure (DM) without pre/post-treatment by directly adding waste iron powder (WIP) and iron oxide nanoparticles (INPs) to batch digesters. The results showed that the addition of iron in the form of microscale WIP (generated from the laser cutting of iron and steel) at concentrations of 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L improved methane yields by 36.99%, 39.36%, and 56.89%, respectively. In comparison, the equivalent dosages of INPs improved yields by 19.74%, 18.14%, and 21.11%, respectively. Additionally, the highest WIP dose (1000 mg/L) achieved the maximum improvement in the rate of hydrolysis (k), which was 1.25 times higher than in control reactions, and a maximum biomethane production rate (Rmax) of 0.045 L/gVS/d according to kinetic analysis models (i.e., first-order and the Gompertz kinetic models). The rate of H2S production was also significantly reduced (by 45.20%, 58.16%, and 77.24%) using the three WIP concentrations in comparison with INPs (which achieved reductions of 33.59%, 46.30%, and 53.52%, respectively). Therefore, the direct mixing of WIP with cattle manure is proposed as a practical and economical means of addressing complex and high-cost pre- and post-treatments that are otherwise required in the digestion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farghali
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene & Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
| | | | - Moustafa M Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene & Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
| | - Saber Kotb
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene & Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Umetsu
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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100
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Recent progress on solution and materials chemistry for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from various gas plants. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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