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Li J, Jiang J, Pang SY, Yang Y, Sun S, Wang L, Wang P. Transformation of X-ray contrast media by conventional and advanced oxidation processes during water treatment: Efficiency, oxidation intermediates, and formation of iodinated byproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116234. [PMID: 32736280 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
X-ray contrast media (ICM), as the most widely used intravascular pharmaceuticals, have been frequently detected in various environmental compartments. ICM have attracted increasingly scientific interest owing to their role as an iodine contributor, resulting in the high risk of forming toxic iodinated byproducts (I-BPs) during water treatment. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art findings relating to the removal efficiency as well as oxidation intermediates of ICM by conventional and advanced oxidation processes. Moreover, formation of specific small-molecular I-BPs (e.g., iodoacetic acid and iodoform) during these processes is also summarized. Conventional oxidants and disinfectants including chlorine (HOCl) and chloramine (NH2Cl) have low reactivities towards ICM with HOCl being more reactive. Iodinated/deiodinated intermediates are generated from reactions of HOCl/NH2Cl with ICM, and they can be further transformed into small-molecular I-BPs. Types of disinfectants and ICM as well as solution conditions (e.g., presence of bromide (Br-) and natural organic matters (NOM)) display significant impact on formation of I-BPs during chlor(am)ination of ICM. Uncatalyzed advanced oxidation process (AOPs) involving ozone (O3) and ferrate (Fe(VI)) exhibit slow to mild reactivities towards ICM, usually leading to their incomplete removal under typical water treatment conditions. In contrast, UV photolysis and catalyzed AOPs including hydroxyl radical (HO•) and/or sulfate radical (SO4.-) based AOPs (e.g., UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate, UV/peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and CuO/PMS) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) involved AOPs (e.g., UV/HOCl and UV/NH2Cl) can effectively eliminate ICM under various conditions. Components of water matrix (e.g., chloride (Cl-), Br-, bicarbonate (HCO3-), and NOM) have great impact on oxidation efficiency of ICM by catalyzed AOPs. Generally, similar intermediates are formed from ICM oxidation by UV photolysis and AOPs, mainly resulting from a series reactions of the side chain and/or C-I groups (e.g. cleavage, dealkylation, oxidation, and rearrange). Further oxidation or disinfection of these intermediates leads to formation of small-molecular I-BPs. Pre-oxidation of ICM-containing waters by AOPs tends to increase formation of I-BPs during post-disinfection process, while this trend also depends on the oxidation processes applied and solution conditions. This review summarizes the latest research findings relating to ICM transformation and (by)products formation during disinfection and AOPs in water treatment, which has great implications for the practical applications of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou511458, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou511458, China.
| | - Su-Yan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun130118, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Shaofang Sun
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Panxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
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Kiefer K, Bader T, Minas N, Salhi E, Janssen EML, von Gunten U, Hollender J. Chlorothalonil transformation products in drinking water resources: Widespread and challenging to abate. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116066. [PMID: 32652346 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil, a fungicide applied for decades worldwide, has recently been banned in the European Union (EU) and Switzerland due to its carcinogenicity and the presence of potentially toxic transformation products (TPs) in groundwater. The spread and concentration range of chlorothalonil TPs in different drinking water resources was examined (73 groundwater and four surface water samples mainly from Switzerland). The chlorothalonil sulfonic acid TPs (R471811, R419492, R417888) occurred more frequently and at higher concentrations (detected in 65-100% of the samples, ≤2200 ngL-1) than the phenolic TPs (SYN507900, SYN548580, R611968; detected in 10-30% of the samples, ≤130 ngL-1). The TP R471811 was found in all samples and even in 52% of the samples above 100 ngL-1, the drinking water standard in Switzerland and other European countries. Therefore, the abatement of chlorothalonil TPs was investigated in laboratory and pilot-scale experiments and along the treatment train of various water works, comprising aquifer recharge, UV disinfection, ozonation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), activated carbon treatment, and reverse osmosis. The phenolic TPs can be abated during ozonation (second order rate constant kO3 ∼104 M-1s-1) and by reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH) in AOPs (kOH ∼109 M-1s-1). In contrast, the sulfonic acid TPs, which occurred in higher concentrations in drinking water resources, react only very slowly with ozone (kO3 <0.04 M-1s-1) and OH (kOH <5.0 × 107 M-1s-1) and therefore persist in ozonation and OH-based AOPs. Activated carbon retained the very polar TP R471811 only up to a specific throughput of 25 m3kg-1 (20% breakthrough), similarly to the X-ray contrast agent diatrizoic acid. Reverse osmosis was capable of removing all chlorothalonil TPs by ≥98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kiefer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bader
- Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, 89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Nora Minas
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Salhi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth M-L Janssen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kong Q, Lei X, Zhang X, Cheng S, Xu C, Yang B, Yang X. The role of chlorine oxide radical (ClO •) in the degradation of polychoro-1,3-butadienes in UV/chlorine treatment: kinetics and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116056. [PMID: 32736270 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychoro-1,3-butadienes (CBDs) were widely found in aqueous environment and resistant to conventional water treatment. In this study, the abatement of CBDs during UV/chlorine treatment was investigated. In comparison to UV irradiation alone, free chlorine addition brought benefits for the reduction of tetra-CBDs (TCBDs), but to lesser extent for penta-CBDs (PCBDs), and virtually no benefit for hexa-CBD (HCBD). At a UV dose of 128 mJ cm-2 and a chlorine dose of 10 mg L-1, about 71.7-97.8% CBDs were degraded by UV/chlorine treatment within 10 min. UV irradiation contributed 32.8%-97.6%, HO• contributed 2.6%-14.4%, and reactive chlorine species (RCS) contributed less than 0.5%-42.3% to CBDs degradation. The percentages of RCS contribution generally followed the order of TCBDs (except (Z,Z)-1,2,3,4-TCBD) > PCBDs > HCBD. The chlorine oxide radical (ClO•) was the dominant RCS contributing to the degradation of CBDs. The second-order reaction rate constants of ClO• with CBDs ( [Formula: see text] ) were at ∼ 107 M-1s-1 except (Z,Z)-1,2,3,4-TCBD and HCBD (<106 M-1s-1). [Formula: see text] generally decreased with increasing numbers of chlorine atoms and was also affected by the positions of chlorine atoms in CBDs. A distinct reaction pathway of ClO•, with (Z)-1,1,2,3,4-PCBD as a representative CBD, was proposed. Photoisomers of CBDs from Z or E configuration were observed at lower concentrations in UV/chlorine treatment than under UV irradiation alone due to the radical-involved oxidation, but more organic acids including oxalic acid were observed. In a natural water sample, UV/chlorine treatment also exhibited a good performance in abatement of TCBDs and PCBDs, but not in abatement of HCBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuangshuang Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Wen D, Li W, Lv J, Qiang Z, Li M. Methylene blue degradation by the VUV/UV/persulfate process: Effect of pH on the roles of photolysis and oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:121855. [PMID: 32204952 PMCID: PMC7127383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated methylene blue (MB) degradation by the vacuum-ultraviolet/ultraviolet/persulfate (VUV/UV/PS) process using a mini-fluidic VUV/UV photoreaction system. Results show that MB degradation by the VUV/UV/PS process was significantly higher than that of the conventional UV/PS process, as the VUV photolysis of H2O and PS generated more reactive oxygen species (ROSs). HO• and SO4•-, identified as the main ROSs, were mostly consumed by dissolved organic carbon and Cl‒ in real waters, respectively. Additionally, the impacts of solution pH and the concentrations of PS, humic acid, and inorganic ions (HCO3‒, Cl‒, NO3‒, SO42‒, Fe(II), and Fe(III)) were systematically evaluated. The solution pH significantly affected the photon absorption distributions, as well as the contributions of photolysis and oxidation to MB degradation, resulting in different variations in the degradation rate constant and total organic carbon removal ratio with increasing solution pH. At all tested pH levels (3.0-11.0), particularly under acidic conditions, HO and SO4- were two predominant contributors to MB degradation, while VUV and UV photolysis contributed more when the solution pH increased. This study provides a highly efficient process for organic pollutant removal, which could be applied in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinrong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mengkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
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55
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Fernández-Perales M, Sánchez-Polo M, Rozalen M, López-Ramón MV, Mota AJ, Rivera-Utrilla J. Degradation of the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide by UV/Solar radiation assisted oxidation processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 257:109973. [PMID: 31868639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with Solar and UV radiation (UV/H2O2, UV/K2S2O8) for the degradation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), a widely used diuretic drug, in aqueous solution focusing on the influence of four experimental parameters: initial concentration of HCTZ, solution pH, nature of the water matrix, and initial concentration of radicals. The obtained results showed that using both kinds of direct photolysis (UV and Solar), the percentage of degraded HCTZ was low, but there was a decrease in the degradation rate favored by the increase of the initial concentration of this pollutant. In addition, the degradation rates were higher at acid pHs. With regard to the nature of water, the degradation rate varied in the order: ultrapure > superficial > tap water. This is due to the presence of organic and inorganic matter (bicarbonates, nitrates, and chlorides) in surface and tap water, that react with the radicals generated, which reduces the availability of radical species, generating competitive kinetics. The presence of radical-promoter species increased the degradation rate of the pollutant, reaching a degradation of 100% of HCTZ after 20 min of treatment. The results obtained point out that the degradation rate was higher in the presence of HO radicals. This behavior was attributed to the higher oxidation power of HO versus radicals. The determination of the degradation by-products led to structures very similar to the parent compound. For example, the corresponding hydroxylated dechlorinated derivative of HCTZ was found in all the systems used. The cytotoxicity test showed that these byproducts have a lower toxicity than the original product. Finally, the economic viability study confirmed that the UV/K2S2O8 system has the lowest cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Perales
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Polo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Rozalen
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M V López-Ramón
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - A J Mota
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - J Rivera-Utrilla
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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56
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Gao YQ, Zhang J, Li C, Tian FX, Gao NY. Comparative evaluation of metoprolol degradation by UV/chlorine and UV/H 2O 2 processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125325. [PMID: 31733542 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of metoprolol (MTP), a β-blocker commonly used for cardiovascular diseases, by UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 processes was comparatively evaluated. MTP direct photolysis at 254 nm could be neglected, but remarkable MTP degradation was observed in both the UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 systems. Compared with UV/H2O2, UV/chlorine has a more pronounced MTP degradation efficiency. In addition to primary radicals (OH and Cl), secondary radicals (ClO and Cl2-) played a pivotal role in degrading MTP by UV/chlorine process. The relative contributions of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) in the UV/chlorine system varied at different solution pH values (i.e., the contribution of RCS increased from 57.7% to 75.1% as the pH increased from 6 to 8). The degradation rate rose as the oxidant dosage increased in the UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 processes. The presence of Cl- slightly affected MTP degradation in both processes, while the existence of HCO3- and HA inhibited MTP degradation to different extents in both processes. In terms of the overall cost of electrical energy, UV/chlorine is more cost efficient than UV/H2O2. The degradation products during the two processes were identified and compared, and the degradation pathways were proposed accordingly. Compared with the direct chlorination of MTP, pre-oxidation with UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 significantly enhanced the formation of commonly known DBPs. Therefore, when using UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 in real waters to remove organic pollutants, the possible risk of enhanced DBP formation resulting from the degradation of certain pollutants during post-chlorination should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong Gao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Fu-Xiang Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Nai-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Removal of Diclofenac, Paracetamol, and Carbamazepine from Model Aqueous Solutions by Magnetic Sol-Gel Encapsulated Horseradish Peroxidase and Lignin Peroxidase Composites. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020282. [PMID: 32046049 PMCID: PMC7075194 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable and green synthesis of nanocomposites for degradation of pharmaceuticals was developed via immobilization and stabilization of the biological strong oxidizing agents, peroxidase enzymes, on a solid support. Sol–gel encapsulated enzyme composites were characterized using electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), atomic force microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) were adsorbed onto magnetite nanoparticles and sol–gel encapsulated in a surface silica layer. Encapsulation enhanced the stability of the biocatalysts over time and thermal stability. The biocatalysts showed appreciable selectivity in oxidation of the organic drinking water pollutants diclofenac, carbamazepine, and paracetamol with improved activity being pharmaceutical specific for each enzyme. In particular, sol–gel encapsulated LiP- and HRP-based nanocomposites were active over 20 consecutive cycles for 20 days at 55 °C (24 h/cycle). The stability of the sol–gel encapsulated catalysts in acidic medium was also improved compared to native enzymes. Carbamazepine and diclofenac were degraded to 68% and 64% by sol–gel LiP composites respectively at pH 5 under elevated temperature. Total destruction of carbamazepine and diclofenac was achieved at pH 3 (55 °C) within 3 days, in the case of both immobilized HRP and LiP. Using NMR spectroscopy, characterization of the drug decomposition products, and decomposition pathways by the peroxidase enzymes suggested.
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Ag2O/TiO2 nanostructures for the photocatalytic mineralization of the highly recalcitrant pollutant iopromide in pure and tap water. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oxidation of β-blocker atenolol by a combination of UV light and chlorine: Kinetics, degradation pathways and toxicity assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhou C, Niu J. Regeneration of porous electrospun membranes embedding alumina nanoparticles saturated with minocycline by UV radiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124495. [PMID: 31394452 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A regeneration method for porous electrospun membranes embedding alumina nanoparticles saturated with minocycline was investigated by UV-LED system. The percentage of adsorption capacities before and after regeneration were used to evaluate regeneration efficiency. The PVDF and PVDF-Al2O3 fiber mats were prepared by electrospinning technique. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses directly confirmed that Al2O3 nanoparticles were generally exposed to the surface of PVDF-Al2O3 fiber mats. Among them, PVDF-Al2O3 10% fiber mats can effectively adsorb minocycline (remove efficiency >97% in 18 h) with first-order rate constant k = 2.253 ± 0.331 h-1. The sorption capacity can still keep 81% after five sorption/UV-regeneration circulations. Two successional stages may exist during regeneration: (i) transfer of minocycline from the surface of PVDF-Al2O3 fibers to the DI water, followed by the (ii) decomposition of this compound in aqueous solution by direct and indirect photolysis to yield the intermediate species. The desorption capacity and desorption percentage were 4.39 mg g-1 and 23.30% respectively. The regeneration yields were further enhanced to 94.20% by UV radiation. Minocycline was effectively degraded to intermediate products by direct and indirect photolysis, further degraded into CO2, H2O, and NOx by UV-generated ozone during regeneration. The results indicated that UV radiation was an effective method of regenerating PVDF-Al2O3 fiber mats with low energy requirements. The photochemical byproducts and the reaction sites during regeneration were also determined and recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yanlong Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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61
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Sizykh MR, Batoeva AA. Oxidative Degradation of Azo Dyes in Combined Fenton-like Oxidative Systems. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602441912029x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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62
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Wei CJ, Li XY, Xie YF, Wang XM. Direct photo transformation of tetracycline and sulfanomide group antibiotics in surface water: Kinetics, toxicity and site modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:1-9. [PMID: 31174004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The direct photo-transformation of widely used antibiotics, including Tetracycline (TTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were quantified for surface water by using artificial UV irradiation. The photolysis rate is directly proportional to the overlap between the absorption spectrum of the solution and the spectrum of the terrestrial sunlight. Increasing overlap fraction of Tetracycline (TC) group than Sulfanomide (Sulfa) group, the transformation of TC group is certified much faster than the sulfa group. The speciation of TC and Sulfa group antibiotics are pH-dependent and consequently influence its light adsorption spectrum. And the toxicity of the four target antibiotics along the photo-transformation was assessed. In field aquatic environment, a temporal- and spatial half-life model described the behavior of the antibiotics in water column of victoria harbour could be validated by using experimentally obtained quantum yield with the target field meteorological data. The modeling results indicated the photolysis rate of different kind of antibiotics varied differently along season, daily time and water depth. Summer, midday and surface layer of water body would be the time- and space-highlight spot in which the phototransformation are the dominant process for antibiotics concentration depletion. Seasonal variety would be enhanced for sulfa-group kind antibiotics, which having only tail overlapped with irradiation spectrum. Daily averaged half-lives of TC group were relatively stable, while the sulfa group antibiotics were found to vary from about 300 to 750 h, dependent on the seasonal change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Jie Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yue-Feng Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
| | - Xiao-Mao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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63
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Niu XZ, Croué JP. Photochemical production of hydroxyl radical from algal organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:11-16. [PMID: 31170669 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical production of hydroxyl radical (·OH) from algal organic matter (AOM) collected from Lake Torrens in South Australia was examined using a sunlight simulator. The two AOM isolates featured lower molecular weight, lower chromophoric content, and lower SUVA254 (0.7 and 0.9, L mgC-1 m-1) than the reference Suwannee River hydrophobic acid (SR-HPO), they had considerably higher apparent quantum yields (ϕNOMOH, 3.03 × 10-5 and 2.18 × 10-5) than SR-HPO (0.84 × 10-5). Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) showed that the major components in the AOM were aromatic protein-like and soluble microbial substances. Unique formulas of the two AOM isolates as compared to SR-HPO were revealed using FTICR-MS and classified into four areas, namely protein-like molecules with low O/C (H/C > 1.5, O/C: 0.2-0.4), lignin-derived moieties with low O/C (H/C:1.0-1.5, O/C: 0.1-0.3), protein-like molecules with high O/C (H/C > 1.5, O/C: 0.5-0.7), and carbohydrate derivatives (H/C > 1.5, O/C > 0.7). These unique AOM moieties characterised utilizing FEEM and FTICR-MS were tentatively postulated to contribute to the high ϕNOMOH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study performed to both evaluate natural AOM as an efficient photosensitiser of ·OH and propose AOM moieties responsible for the high ϕNOMOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi Niu
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (CWQRC), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Jean-Philippe Croué
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (CWQRC), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia; Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Materiaux IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, Universite de Poitiers, France.
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64
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Boucenna A, Oturan N, Chabani M, Bouafia-Chergui S, Oturan MA. Degradation of Nystatin in aqueous medium by coupling UV-C irradiation, H 2O 2 photolysis, and photo-Fenton processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23149-23161. [PMID: 31190301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative degradation and mineralization of the antifungal drug Nystatin (NYS) was investigated using photochemical advanced oxidation processes UV-C irradiation (280-100 nm), H2O2 photolysis (UV/H2O2), and photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe3+). The effect of operating parameters such as [H2O2], [Fe3+], and [NYS] initial concentrations on degradation efficiency and mineralization ability of different processes was comparatively examined in order to optimize the processes. Photo-Fenton was found to be the most efficient process attaining complete degradation of 0.02 mM (19.2 mg L-1) NYS at 2 min and a quasi-complete mineralization (97%) of its solution at 5 h treatment while UV/H2O2 and UV-C systems require significantly more time for complete degradation and lower mineralization degrees. The degradation and mineralization kinetics were affected by H2O2 and Fe3+ initial concentration, the optimum dosages being 4 mM and 0.4 mM, respectively. Consumption of H2O2 during photo-Fenton treatment is very fast during the first 30 min leading to the appearance of two stages in the mineralization. The evolution of toxicity of treated solutions was assessed and confirmed the effectiveness of photo-Fenton process for the detoxification of NYS solution at the end of treatment. Application to real wastewater from pharmaceutical industry containing the target molecule NYS showed the effectiveness of photo-Fenton process since it achieved 92% TOC removal rate at 6-h treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Boucenna
- Laboratoire Génie de la Réaction, Faculté de Génie des Procédés et Génie Mécanique, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El Allia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
- Université Paris Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Université Paris Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Malika Chabani
- Laboratoire Génie de la Réaction, Faculté de Génie des Procédés et Génie Mécanique, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El Allia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
| | - Souad Bouafia-Chergui
- Laboratoire Génie de la Réaction, Faculté de Génie des Procédés et Génie Mécanique, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El Allia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Paris Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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65
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Synthesis and Characterization of the All Solid Z-Scheme Bi2WO6/Ag/AgBr for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin in Water. Top Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-019-01190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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66
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Li M, Li W, Wen D, Bolton JR, Blatchley ER, Qiang Z. Micropollutant Degradation by the UV/H 2O 2 Process: Kinetic Comparison among Various Radiation Sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5241-5248. [PMID: 30920806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic comparisons of micropollutant degradation by ultraviolet (UV) based advanced oxidation processes among various radiation sources are an important issue, yet this is still a challenge at present. This study investigated comparatively the kinetics of sulfamethazine (SMN) degradation by the UV/H2O2 process among three representative radiation sources, including low-pressure mercury UV (LPUV, monochromatic), medium-pressure mercury UV (MPUV, polychromatic), and vacuum UV(VUV)/UV (dual wavelengths causing different reaction mechanisms) lamps. Experiments were conducted with a newly developed mini-fluidic MPUV photoreaction system and a previously developed mini-fluidic VUV/UV photoreaction system. Measured and modeled results both indicate that the photon fluence-based SMN degradation rate constant ( kp') followed a descending order of VUV/UV/H2O2 > MPUV/H2O2 (200-300 nm) > LPUV/H2O2, and the kp' of the MPUV lamp was dependent on the wavelength range selected for photon fluence calculation. Analysis of potential errors revealed that a shorter effective path-length could have a lower error, and the maximum errors for the MPUV/H2O2 and LPUV/H2O2 processes in this study were 7.7% and 18.2%, respectively. This study has developed a new method for kinetic comparisons of micropollutant degradation by UV-AOPs among various radiation sources at bench-scale, which provides useful reference to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Dong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - James R Bolton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Ernest R Blatchley
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
- Division of Environmental & Ecological Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
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67
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Liu L, Xing X, Hu C, Wang H, Lyu L. Effect of sequential UV/free chlorine disinfection on opportunistic pathogens and microbial community structure in simulated drinking water distribution systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:971-980. [PMID: 30682762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) may be a "Trojan Horse" for some waterborne diseases caused by opportunistic pathogens (OPs). In this study, two simulated DWDS inoculated with groundwater were treated with chlorine (Cl2) and ultraviolet/chlorine (UV/Cl2) respectively to compare their effects on the OPs distributed in four different phases (bulk water, biofilms, corrosion products, and loose deposits) of DWDS. 16S rRNA genes sequencing and qPCR were used to profile microbial community and quantify target genes of OPs, respectively. Results showed that UV/Cl2 was more effective than single Cl2 to control the regrowth of OPs in the water with the same residual chlorine concentration. However, the OPs inhabiting the biofilms, corrosion products, and loose deposits seemed to be tolerant to UV/Cl2 and Cl2, demonstrating that OPs residing in these phases were resistant to the disinfection processes. Some significant microbial correlations between OPs and Acanthamoeba were found by Spearman correlative analysis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that the ecological interactions may exist in the DWDS. 16S rRNA genes sequencing of water samples revealed a significant different microbial community structure between UV/Cl2 and Cl2. This study may give some implications for controlling the OPs in the DWDS disinfected with UV/Cl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330013, China; School of Water Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lai Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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68
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Popova S, Matafonova G, Batoev V. Simultaneous atrazine degradation and E. coli inactivation by UV/S 2O 82-/Fe 2+ process under KrCl excilamp (222 nm) irradiation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:169-177. [PMID: 30447517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to reveal that the iron-catalyzed photo-activation of persulfate (UV/PS/Fe2+system) under mercury-free KrCl excilamp irradiation (222 nm) is capable of simultaneous degradation of an organic pollutant and inactivation of a microorganism in aqueous media using the herbicide atrazine (ATZ) and E. coli as model contaminants, respectively. Deionized water, natural water and wastewater effluents, contaminated with 4 mg/L ATZ and/or 105 CFU/mL E. coli, were sequentially treated by direct UV, UV/PS and UV/PS/Fe2+ processes. Lowering the pH to 3.5 accelerated both the degradation and inactivation during the UV/PS/Fe2+ treatment of natural water. Comparison of the apparent UV dose-based pseudo first-order rate constants showed the negative effect of E. coli on ATZ degradation by decreasing rates in all of the examined water matrices. This can be due to the competitive effect between ATZ and bacterial cells for reactive oxygen species (ROS). By contrast, E. coli in the presence of ATZ was inactivated faster in natural water and wastewater (but not in deionized water), as compared to the case without ATZ. A scheme of possible synergistic inactivation under ROS exposure in water, containing ATZ, natural organic matter and chloride ions as primary constituents, was proposed. Radical scavenging experiments showed a major contribution of SO4•- to ATZ degradation by UV/PS/Fe2+ treatment of deionized water and natural water. The UV doses, required for 90% removal of ATZ from natural water and wastewater, achieve 160 mJ/cm2 (pH 5.5) and concurrently provide 99.99% E. coli inactivation. These results make the UV/PS/Fe2+ system with narrow band UV light sources promising for simultaneous water treatment and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Popova
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Galina Matafonova
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Batoev
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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69
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Degradation of neonicotinoids by UV irradiation: Kinetics and effect of real water constituents. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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70
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He H, Zhou P, Shimabuku KK, Fang X, Li S, Lee Y, Dodd MC. Degradation and Deactivation of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Exposure to Free Chlorine, Monochloramine, Chlorine Dioxide, Ozone, Ultraviolet Light, and Hydroxyl Radical. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2013-2026. [PMID: 30712343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated degradation (measured by qPCR) and biological deactivation (measured by culture-based natural transformation) of extra- and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs and iARGs) by free available chlorine (FAC), NH2Cl, O3, ClO2, and UV light (254 nm), and of eARGs by •OH, using a chromosomal ARG ( blt) of multidrug-resistant Bacillus subtilis 1A189. Rate constants for degradation of four 266-1017 bp amplicons adjacent to or encompassing the acfA mutation enabling blt overexpression increased in proportion to #AT+GC bps/amplicon, or in proportion to #5'-GG-3' or 5'-TT-3' doublets/amplicon, with respective values ranging from 0.59 to 2.3 (×1011 M-1 s-1) for •OH, 1.8-6.9 (×104 M-1 s-1) for O3, 3.9-9.2 (×103 M-1 s-1) for FAC, 0.35-1.2(×101 M-1 s-1) for ClO2, and 2.0-8.8 (×10-2 cm2/mJ) for UV at pH 7, and from 1.7-4.4 M-1 s-1 for NH2Cl at pH 8. For FAC, NH2Cl, O3, ClO2, and UV, ARG deactivation paralleled degradation of amplicons approximating a ∼800-1000 bp acfA-flanking sequence required for natural transformation in B. subtilis, whereas deactivation outpaced degradation for •OH. At practical disinfectant exposures, eARGs and iARGs were ≥90% degraded/deactivated by FAC, O3, and UV, but recalcitrant to NH2Cl and ClO2. iARG degradation/ deactivation always lagged cell inactivation. These findings provide a quantitative framework for evaluating ARG fate during disinfection/oxidation, and support using qPCR as a proxy for tracking ARG deactivation under carefully selected circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington (UW) , Seattle , Washington 98195-2700 , United States
| | - Peiran Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington (UW) , Seattle , Washington 98195-2700 , United States
| | - Kyle K Shimabuku
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington (UW) , Seattle , Washington 98195-2700 , United States
| | - Xuzhi Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington (UW) , Seattle , Washington 98195-2700 , United States
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington (UW) , Seattle , Washington 98195-2700 , United States
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Michael C Dodd
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington (UW) , Seattle , Washington 98195-2700 , United States
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71
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Bustos N, Cruz-Alcalde A, Iriel A, Fernández Cirelli A, Sans C. Sunlight and UVC-254 irradiation induced photodegradation of organophosphorus pesticide dichlorvos in aqueous matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:592-600. [PMID: 30176470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorus pesticide that has been classified as highly hazardous chemical by the World Health organization. In this study, the fate of the pesticide DDVP in natural water compartments was examined under simulated sunlight. Moreover, the effect of UV-254 irradiation on DDVP depletion was also studied. In deionized water, DDVP was photodegraded only in the presence of dissolved molecular oxygen. The photodegradation during the first 6 h of sunlight irradiation occurred with pseudo first-order kinetics, and the rate constants were 0.040 h-1 at pH 7 and 0.064 h-1 at pH 3. A reaction mechanism for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via DDVP photoabsorption was proposed. Humic acids (HA) played a double role as photosensitizer and inhibitor, observing an enhancement on DDVP photodegradation at low HA concentration (TOC = 2 mg L-1). The depletion of DDVP under 254 nm UV irradiation was ascribed to direct photodegradation and oxygen mediated photoinduced reactions. Direct photodegradation of DDVP decreased with 254 nm irradiation reduction, highlighting the importance of radical mediated mechanisms at low irradiation doses. Based on LC/MS data, the main photoproducts under simulated solar light and UV-C irradiation were identified and potential reaction pathways were postulated. The three main identified products were o-methyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate, dichloroacetaldehyde and dimethylphosphate. Moreover, the toxicity of samples was evaluated along the irradiation exposure time using Microtox® assays. This study brings new insights into the role of oxygen in the photodegradation of DDVP and the induced and inhibition mechanisms involved in the presence of the humic acids in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Bustos
- Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua/CETA (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal/INPA(CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Cruz-Alcalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Analía Iriel
- Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua/CETA (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal/INPA(CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Fernández Cirelli
- Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua/CETA (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal/INPA(CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carmen Sans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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72
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Han Y, Knightes CD, Bouchard D, Zepp R, Avant B, Hsieh HS, Chang X, Acrey B, Henderson WM, Spear J. Simulating graphene oxide nanomaterial phototransformation and transport in surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:180-194. [PMID: 31297195 PMCID: PMC6621605 DOI: 10.1039/c8en01088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) has increased appreciably in recent years. Graphene oxide (GO) has been found to be the most toxic nanomaterial among GFNs and, to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to model its fate and transport in the environment. Lab studies show that GO undergoes phototransformation in surface waters under sunlight radiation resulting in formation of photoreduced GO (rGO). In this study, the recently updated Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP8) is used to simulate time-dependent environmental exposure concentrations of GO and its major phototransformation product, rGO, for Brier Creek, GA, USA at two flow scenarios under a constant loading of GO to the river for a period of 20 years. Analysis shows that the degree of phototransformation is closely associated with river flow condition: up to of 40% of GO undergoes phototransformation at low flow condition, whereas only 2.5% of GO phototransformation occurs at mean flow condition. River flow and heteroaggregation exhibit a 'competing' effect in determining the formation of rGO heteroagglomerates. Mass fraction analysis indicates that the vast majority of rGO heteroagglomerates settle to the sediment layers due to the settling of suspended solids. Simulation of natural recovery after removal of the GO source suggests that free GO and rGO are the immediate contaminants of concern in the studied surface water system, while rGO heteroaggregated with suspended solids can have a long-term ecological impact on both the water column and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlai Han
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Christopher D. Knightes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Dermont Bouchard
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Richard Zepp
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Brian Avant
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Hsin-Se Hsieh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- National Research Council Research Associate
| | - Xiaojun Chang
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- National Research Council Research Associate
| | - Brad Acrey
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - W. Matthew Henderson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Jessica Spear
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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73
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El Baz S, Kahime K. Waterborne Diseases Arising From Climate Change. ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7775-1.ch021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
As a result of increased frequency and intensity of heat waves, increased floods and droughts, change in climate will affect biological, physical, and chemical components of water through different paths thus enhancing the risk of waterborne diseases. Identifying the role of weather in waterborne infection is a priority public health research issue as climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation and temperature events. This chapter provides evidence that precipitation and temperature can affect directly or indirectly water quality and consequently affect the health human. This chapter also highlights the complex relationship between precipitation or temperature and transmission of waterborne disease such as diarrheal disease, gastroenteritis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and cholera.
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74
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Favier M, Van Schepdael A, Cabooter D. High-Resolution MS and MSn Investigation of UV Oxidation Products of Phenazone-type Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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75
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Simu GM, Atchana J, Soica CM, Coricovac DE, Simu SC, Dehelean CA. Pharmaceutical Mixtures: Still A Concern for Human and Environmental Health. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:121-153. [PMID: 30406736 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181108094222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, recent data on the sources, occurrence and fate of human-use pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment have been reviewed. Since PhACs and their metabolites are usually present as mixtures in the environment at very low concentrations, a particular emphasis was placed onto the PhACs mixtures, as well as on their short-term and long-term effects against human and environmental health. Moreover, a general overview of the main conventional as well as of the latest trends in wastewaters decontaminant technologies was outlined. Advantages and disadvantages of current processes were also pointed out. It appears that numerous gaps still exist in the current knowledge related to this field of interest, and further studies should be conducted at the global level in order to ensure a more efficient monitorisation of the presence of PhACs and their metabolites into the aquatic environment and to develop new mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta M Simu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Jeanne Atchana
- University of Maroua, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 46, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Codruta M Soica
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Dorina E Coricovac
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Sebastian C Simu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Cristina A Dehelean
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
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76
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Milstead RP, Nance KT, Tarnas KS, Egelhofer KE, Griffith DR. Photochemical degradation of halogenated estrogens under natural solar irradiance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1350-1360. [PMID: 30211921 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated estrogens are thought to be moderately potent endocrine-disrupting compounds that are formed during chlorine-based wastewater disinfection processes and may represent a significant fraction of the total amount of estrogen delivered from wastewater treatment plants to receiving waters. Yet we lack key information about the photochemical degradation of halogenated estrogens, a process that has important implications for UV-based wastewater treatment and environmental fate modeling. To better understand halogenated estrogen degradation in aquatic environments, we studied the direct photolysis of 17β-estradiol (E2), 2-bromo-17β-estradiol (monoBrE2), 2,4-dibromo-17β-estradiol (diBrE2), and 2,4-dichloro-17β-estradiol (diClE2) as well as the indirect photolysis of diBrE2 under natural solar irradiance. We found that direct photolysis rate constants increased with halogenation as pKa values decreased and molar absorptivity spectra shifted toward higher wavelengths. Compared to E2, quantum yields were threefold larger for monoBrE2, but 15-32% smaller for the dihalogenated forms. The rate of diBrE2 (pKa ∼ 7.5) photolysis was strongly influenced by pH. At pH 7, diBrE2 degraded on minute time scales due to the large red-shifted molar absorptivity values and greater quantum yields of the phenolate form. Degradation rates were only slightly different in the presence of Suwannee River Humic Acid (5 mg L-1), and quenching experiments pointed to excited triplet state dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) as the dominant reactive intermediate responsible for the indirect photolysis of diBrE2. Overall, our data suggest that halogenated estrogens are particularly susceptible to photochemical degradation at environmentally relevant pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid P Milstead
- Department of Chemistry, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA.
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77
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Aseev DG, Batoeva AA, Sizykh MR. Sono-Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Clorophenol in Aqueous Solutions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418090030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Zanella R, Avella E, Ramírez-Zamora RM, Castillón-Barraza F, Durán-Álvarez JC. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole by deposition of Au, Ag and Cu metallic nanoparticles on TiO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2353-2364. [PMID: 28697649 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1354926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mono- (Au, Ag and Cu) and bi-metallic (Au-Ag and Au-Cu) nanoparticles were deposited on TiO2 and tested for the photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using either UV-C or simulated sunlight. The optimal loading of metallic nanoparticles was determined as 1.5 wt% for Au and Ag, and 1.0 wt% for Cu. In the case of bi-metallic nanoparticles, only the ratio 1:0.5 wt% for both Au-Ag and Au-Cu was tested. In experiments using UV-C light, the highest degradation performance was found for Ag/TiO2, while bi-metallic nanoparticles supported on TiO2 also showed increased photocatalytic activity compared with unmodified TiO2. In simulated sunlight irradiation tests, Au/TiO2 showed to be the most efficient material. Complete mineralization of sulfamethoxazole was achieved when surface-modified materials were tested in both UV-C and simulated sunlight experiments. Photolysis was efficient to fully degrade sulfamethoxazole, although mineralization was lower than 10% for both luminic sources. The main by-products of sulfamethoxazole were determined in photolysis and photocatalysis tests using UV-C light, and degradation paths were proposed. By-products showed non-toxicity and low antibiotic activity. Reuse of the catalysts upon three reaction cycles did not result in the loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Zanella
- a Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacan , Mexico
| | - Edwin Avella
- a Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacan , Mexico
| | | | - Felipe Castillón-Barraza
- c Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ensenada , México
| | - Juan C Durán-Álvarez
- a Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacan , Mexico
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79
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Acero JL, Benítez FJ, Real FJ, Rodríguez E. Degradation of selected emerging contaminants by UV-activated persulfate: Kinetics and influence of matrix constituents. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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80
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Luo S, Gao L, Wei Z, Spinney R, Dionysiou DD, Hu WP, Chai L, Xiao R. Kinetic and mechanistic aspects of hydroxyl radical‒mediated degradation of naproxen and reaction intermediates. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 137:233-241. [PMID: 29550726 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) are effective for removing non‒steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during water treatment. In this study, we systematically investigated the degradation kinetics of naproxen (NAP), a representative NSAID, with a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. The second-order rate constant (k) of •OH oxidation of NAP was measured to be (4.32 ± 0.04) × 109 M-1 s-1, which was in a reasonable agreement with transition state theory calculated k value (1.08 × 109 M-1 s-1) at SMD/M05-2X/6-311++G**//M05-2X/6-31+G** level of theory. The calculated result revealed that the dominant reaction intermediate is 2‒(5‒hydroxy‒6‒methoxynaphthalen‒2‒yl)propanoic acid (HMNPA) formed via radical adduct formation pathway, in which •OH addition onto the ortho site of the methoxy-substituted benzene ring is the most favorable pathway for the NAP oxidation. We further investigated the subsequent •OH oxidation of HMNPA via a kinetic modelling technique. The k value of the reaction of HMNPA and •OH was determined to be 2.22 × 109 M-1 s-1, exhibiting a similar reactivity to the parent NAP. This is the first study on the kinetic and mechanistic aspects of NAP and its reaction intermediates. The current results are valuable in future study evaluating and extending the application of •OH based AOTs to degrade NAP and other NSAIDs of concern in water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Luo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lingwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC(2)), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Wei-Ping Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia‒Yi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
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81
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Pinto M, Salgado R, Laia C, Cooper WJ, Sontag G, Burrows HD, Branco L, Vale C, Noronha J. The effect of chloride ions and organic matter on the photodegradation of acetamiprid in saline waters. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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82
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UV-activated persulfate oxidation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole in water: Kinetics, products, and influence of natural photoinducers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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83
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Miklos DB, Hartl R, Michel P, Linden KG, Drewes JE, Hübner U. UV/H 2O 2 process stability and pilot-scale validation for trace organic chemical removal from wastewater treatment plant effluents. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 136:169-179. [PMID: 29501761 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the removal of 15 trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) occurring at ambient concentrations from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent by advanced oxidation using UV/H2O2 at pilot-scale. Pseudo first-order rate constants (kobs) for photolytic as well as combined oxidative and photolytic degradation observed at pilot-scale were validated with results from a bench-scale collimated beam device. No significant difference was determined between pilot- and lab-scale performance. During continuous pilot-scale operation at constant UV fluence of 800 mJ/cm2 and H2O2 dosage of 10 mg/L, the removal of various TOrCs was investigated. The average observed removal for photo-susceptible (kUV>10-3 cm2/mJ; like diclofenac, iopromide and sulfamethoxazole), moderately photo-susceptible (10-4<kUV<10-3 cm2/mJ; like climbazole, tramadol, sotalol, citalopram, benzotriazole, venlafaxine and metoprolol), and most photo-resistant (kUV<10-4 cm2/mJ; like primidone, carbamazepine and gabapentin) compounds was 90%, 49% and 37% including outliers, respectively. The poorly reactive compound TCEP was not significantly eliminated during pilot-scale experiments. Additionally, based on removal kinetics of photo-resistant TOrCs, continuous pilot-scale operation revealed high variations of OH-radical exposure determined from removal kinetics of photo-resistant TOrCs, primarily due to nitrite concentration fluctuations in the feed water. Furthermore, a correlation between OH-radical exposure and scavenging capacity could be determined and verified by mechanistic modeling using UV fluence, H2O2 dosage, and standard water quality parameters (i.e., DOC, NO3-, NO2- and HCO3-) as model input data. This correlation revealed the possibility of OH-radical exposure prediction by water matrix parameters and proved its applicability for pilot-scale operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Miklos
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Hartl
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Philipp Michel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Karl G Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 607, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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84
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Bakkour R, Bolotin J, Sellergren B, Hofstetter TB. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis of Polar Organic Micropollutants in Aquatic Environments. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7292-7301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rani Bakkour
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakov Bolotin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Börje Sellergren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas B. Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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85
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Ribeiro AR, Lutze HV, Schmidt TC. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis and speciation-dependent photolysis of two cephalosporin antibiotics, ceftiofur and cefapirin. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:253-260. [PMID: 29428778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lately, special attention has been given to veterinary cephalosporin antibiotics due to their broad activity spectrum and significant consumption. Indeed, the determination of hydrolytic and photolytic kinetics provides a better comprehension of the undesired persistence of cephalosporins in aqueous matrices. In this work, the two widely used veterinary antibiotics ceftiofur (CEF) and cefapirin (CEPA) showed high instability under alkaline conditions, degrading in few minutes at pH > 11. In buffered solutions at neutral pH and natural temperature (T = 22 ± 1 °C), both drugs presented moderate stability (t½ = 3 d, CEPA and 1.4 d, CEF). Our study also demonstrated that CEPA and CEF speciation did not significantly influence the direct photolysis rates. Using a simulated water disinfection set-up (λ = 254 nm), all ionic species of CEF and CEPA presented fast and similar pseudo-first order degradation rates, kapp 0.0095 ± 0.0004 and 0.0092 ± 0.001 cm2 mJ-1, respectively. Furthermore, using surface water in hydrolysis experiments, CEF demonstrated significant matrix-dependent stability with a half-life (t½ = 14.7 d) tenfold higher than in buffered solutions. In contrast, CEPA presented a very similar hydrolysis rate in river water (t½ = 4.2 d) and a subtle faster photo-degradation rate in this same matrix (kapp 0.0128 ± 0.001 cm2 mJ-1), highlighting the importance of disinfection radiation for cephalosporin depletion in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson R Ribeiro
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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86
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Ji Y, Yang Y, Zhou L, Wang L, Lu J, Ferronato C, Chovelon JM. Photodegradation of sulfasalazine and its human metabolites in water by UV and UV/peroxydisulfate processes. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 133:299-309. [PMID: 29407711 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in natural waters has raised great concerns about their potential risks on human health and ecological systems. This study systematically investigates the degradation of sulfasalazine (SSZ) and its two human metabolites, sulfapyridine (SPD) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), by UV and UV/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) processes. Experimental results show that SPD and 5-ASA were readily degraded upon UV 254 nm direct photolysis, with quantum yields measured to be (8.6 ± 0.8) × 10-3 and (2.4 ± 0.1) × 10-2 mol Einstein-1, respectively. Although SSZ was resistant to direct UV photolysis, it could be effectively removed by both UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS processes, with fluence-based pseudo-first-order rate constants determined to be 0.0030 and 0.0038 cm2 mJ-1, respectively. Second-order rate constant between SO4•- and SSZ was measured as (1.33 ± 0.01) × 109 M-1s-1 by competition kinetic method. A kinetic model was established for predicting the degradation rate of SSZ in the UV/PDS process. Increasing the dosage of PDS significantly enhanced the degradation of SSZ in the UV/PDS process, which can be well predicted by the developed kinetic model. Natural water constituents, such as natural organic matter (NOM) and bicarbonate (HCO3-), influenced the degradation of SSZ differently. The azo functional group of SSZ molecule was predicted as the reactive site susceptible to electrophilic attack by SO4•- by frontier electron densities (FEDs) calculations. Four intermediate products arising from azo bond cleavage and SO2 extrusion were identified by solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). Based on the products identified, detailed transformation pathways for SSZ degradation in the UV/PDS system were proposed. Results reveal that UV/PDS could be an efficient approach for remediation of water contaminated by SSZ and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Corinne Ferronato
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
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87
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Cheng S, Zhang X, Yang X, Shang C, Song W, Fang J, Pan Y. The Multiple Role of Bromide Ion in PPCPs Degradation under UV/Chlorine Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1806-1816. [PMID: 29338220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of bromide ions in the degradation of nine pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) during the UV/chlorine treatment of simulated drinking water containing 2.5 mgC L-1 natural organic matter (NOM). The kinetics of contributions from UV irradiation and from oxidation by free chlorine, free bromine, hydroxyl radical and reactive halogen species were evaluated. The observed loss rate constants of PPCPs in the presence of 10 μM bromide were 1.6-23 times of those observed in the absence of bromide (except for iopromide and ibuprofen). Bromide was shown to play multiple roles in PPCP degradation. It reacts rapidly with free chlorine to produce a trace amount of free bromine, which then contributes to up to 55% of the degradation of some PPCPs during 15 min of UV/chlorine treatment. Bromide was also shown to reduce the level of HO• and to change the reactive chlorine species to bromine-containing species, which resulted in decreases in ibuprofen degradation and enhancement in carbamazepine and caffeine degradation, respectively. Reactive halogen species contributed to between 37 and 96% of the degradation of the studied PPCPs except ibuprofen in the presence of 10 μM bromide ion. The effect of bromide is non-negligible during the UV/chlorine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanheng Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
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88
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Willach S, Lutze HV, Eckey K, Löppenberg K, Lüling M, Wolbert JB, Kujawinski DM, Jochmann MA, Karst U, Schmidt TC. Direct Photolysis of Sulfamethoxazole Using Various Irradiation Sources and Wavelength Ranges-Insights from Degradation Product Analysis and Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1225-1233. [PMID: 29303258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental micropollutant sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is susceptible to phototransformation by sunlight and UV-C light which is used for water disinfection. Depending on the environmental pH conditions SMX may be present as neutral or anionic species. This study systematically investigates the phototransformation of these two relevant SMX species using four different irradiation scenarios, i.e., a low, medium, and high pressure Hg lamp and simulated sunlight. The observed phototransformation kinetics are complemented by data from compound-specific stable isotope and transformation product analysis using isotope-ratio and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Observed phototransformation kinetics were faster for the neutral than for the anionic SMX species (from 3.4 (LP lamp) up to 6.6 (HP lamp) times). Furthermore, four phototransformation products (with m/z 189, 202, 242, and 260) were detected by HRMS that have not yet been described for direct photolysis of SMX. Isotopic fractionation occurred only if UV-B and UV-A wavelengths prevailed in the emitted irradiation and was most pronounced for the neutral species with simulated sunlight (εC = -4.8 ± 0.1 ‰). Phototransformation of SMX with UV-C light did not cause significant isotopic fractionation. Consequently, it was possible to differentiate sunlight and UV-C light induced phototransformation of SMX. Thus, CSIA might be implemented to trace back wastewater point sources or to assess natural attenuation of SMX by sunlight photolysis. In contrast to the wavelength range, pH-dependent speciation of SMX hardly impacted isotopic fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Willach
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre , Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Kevin Eckey
- University of Muenster , Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28-30 D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Katja Löppenberg
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Michelle Lüling
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jens-Benjamin Wolbert
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Dorothea M Kujawinski
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- University of Muenster , Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28-30 D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre , Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
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89
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Luo S, Wei Z, Spinney R, Zhang Z, Dionysiou DD, Gao L, Chai L, Wang D, Xiao R. UV direct photolysis of sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen: An experimental and modelling study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 343:132-139. [PMID: 28942186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation characteristics of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) during UV irradiation are of practical and scientific importance in selecting operational parameters during water treatment processes. In this study, the molar extinction coefficient (ε), quantum yield (φ), and degradation kinetics of neutral/anionic forms of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ibuprofen (IBU) were compared by varying solution pH. The degradation kinetics of the target compounds were observed to reversely correlate to the energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) values of the target compounds. Then, a kinetic model for predicting the direct photolytic rates at different solution pH was established based on ε and φ of neutral/anionic species. The root mean squared errors for the modeled values suggest that the model exhibits good predictive power. Finally, in order to evaluate the electrical energy consumption during the UV direct photolysis process, the electrical energy per order (EE/O) was assessed. The experimental and modelling results are important to elucidate the mechanism of degradation of target PPCPs under UV irradiation and allow for the selection of optimal conditions in water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Luo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Lingwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
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90
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Paredes L, Omil F, Lema JM, Carballa M. What happens with organic micropollutants during UV disinfection in WWTPs? A global perspective from laboratory to full-scale. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:670-678. [PMID: 28898864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phototransformation of 18 organic micropollutants (OMPs) commonly detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents was examined attempting to explain their fate during UV disinfection in WWTPs. For this purpose, a lab-scale UV reactor (lamp emitting at 254nm) was used to study the influence of the operational conditions (UV dose, temperature and water matrix) on OMPs abatement and disinfection efficiency. Chemical properties of OMPs and the quality of treated effluent were identified as key factors affecting the phototransformation rate of these compounds. Sampling campaigns were carried out at the inlet and outlet of UV systems of three WWTPs, and the results evidenced that only the most photosensitive compounds, such as sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac, are eliminated. Therefore, despite UV treatment is an effective technology to phototransform OMPs, the UV doses typically applied for disinfection (10-50mJ/cm2) are not sufficient to remove them. Consequently, small modifications (increase of UV dose, use of catalysts) should be applied in WWTPs to enhance the abatement of OMPs in UV systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Paredes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - F Omil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J M Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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91
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Vione D, Fabbri D, Minella M, Canonica S. Effects of the antioxidant moieties of dissolved organic matter on triplet-sensitized phototransformation processes: Implications for the photochemical modeling of sulfadiazine. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 128:38-48. [PMID: 29078069 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the photodegradation of some pollutants, induced by the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*), can be inhibited by back-reduction processes carried out by phenolic antioxidants occurring in dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we included such an inhibition effect into a photochemical model and applied the model predictions to sulfadiazine (SDZ), a sulfonamide antibiotic that occurs in surface waters in two forms, neutral HSDZ and anionic SDZ- (pKa = 6.5). The input parameters of the photochemical model were obtained by means of dedicated experiments, which showed that the inhibition effect was more marked for SDZ- than for HSDZ. Compared to the behavior of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, which does not undergo antioxidant inhibition when irradiated in natural water samples, the back-reduction effect on the degradation of SDZ was proportional to the electron-donating capacity of the DOM. According to the model results, direct photolysis and OH reaction would account for the majority of both HSDZ and SDZ- photodegradation in waters having low dissolved organic carbon (DOC < 1 mgC L-1). With higher DOC values (>3-4 mgC L-1) and despite the back-reduction processes, the 3CDOM* reactions are expected to account for the majority of HSDZ phototransformation. In the case of SDZ- at high DOC, most of the photodegradation would be accounted for by direct photolysis. The relative importance of the triplet-sensitized phototransformation of both SDZ- and (most importantly) HSDZ is expected to increase with increasing DOC, even in the presence of back reduction. An increase in water pH, favoring the occurrence of SDZ- with respect to HSDZ, would enhance direct photolysis at the expense of triplet sensitization. SDZ should be fairly photolabile under summertime sunlight, with predicted half-lives ranging from a few days to a couple of months depending on water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, I-10125, Turin, Italy; Università di Torino, Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Minella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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92
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Jin Q, Wang H, Hu C, Chen Z, Wang X. Effects of NOM on the degradation of chloramphenicol by UV/H2O2 and the characteristics of degradation products. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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93
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Li J, Ma LY, Li LS, Xu L. Photodegradation kinetics, transformation, and toxicity prediction of ketoprofen, carprofen, and diclofenac acid in aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:3232-3239. [PMID: 28718961 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation of 3 commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ketoprofen, carprofen, and diclofenac acid, was conducted under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The kinetic results showed that the 3 pharmaceuticals obeyed the first-order reaction with decreasing rate constants of 1.54 × 10-4 , 5.91 × 10-5 , and 7.78 × 10-6 s-1 for carprofen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac acid, respectively. Moreover, the main transformation products were identified by ion-pair liquid-liquid extraction combined with injection port derivatization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometric analysis. There were 8, 3, and 6 transformation products identified for ketoprofen, carprofen, and diclofenac acid, respectively. Decarboxylation, dechlorination, oxidation, demethylation, esterification, and cyclization were proposed to be associated with the transformation of the 3 pharmaceuticals. Toxicity prediction of the transformation products was conducted on the EPI Suite software based on ECOSAR model, and the results indicate that some of the transformation products were more toxic than the parent compounds. The present study provides the foundation to understand the transformation behavior of the studied pharmaceuticals under UV irradiation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3232-3239. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Li-Yun Ma
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Shuang Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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94
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Gao ZC, Lin YL, Xu B, Pan Y, Xia SJ, Gao NY, Zhang TY, Chen M. Degradation of acrylamide by the UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 187:268-276. [PMID: 28854381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of acrylamide (AA) during UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process (AOP) was investigated in this study. The degradation of AA was negligible during UV irradiation alone. However, AA could be effectively degraded and mineralized during UV/chlorination due to the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH). The degradation kinetics of AA during UV/chlorination fitted the pseudo-first order kinetics with the rate constant between AA and OH radicals being determined as 2.11 × 109 M-1 s-1. The degradation rate and mineralization of AA during UV/chlorination were significantly promoted at acidic conditions as well as increasing chlorine dosage. The volatile degradation products of AA during UV/chlorination were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the degradation pathways were then proposed accordingly. The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in Milli-Q water and tap water during UV/chlorination of AA was also investigated. The DBPs included chloroform, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, 2,2-dichloroacetamide and 2,2,2-trichloroacetamide. Furthermore, the variations of AA degradation during UV/chlorination in different real water samples were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yi-Li Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ji Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Nai-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Disinfection By-product Control in Water Treatment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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95
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Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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96
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Russo D, Siciliano A, Guida M, Galdiero E, Amoresano A, Andreozzi R, Reis NM, Li Puma G, Marotta R. Photodegradation and ecotoxicology of acyclovir in water under UV 254 and UV 254/H 2O 2 processes. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 122:591-602. [PMID: 28628881 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical and ecotoxicological fate of acyclovir (ACY) through UV254 direct photolysis and in the presence of hydroxyl radicals (UV254/H2O2 process) were investigated in a microcapillary film (MCF) array photoreactor, which provided ultrarapid and accurate photochemical reaction kinetics. The UVC phototransformation of ACY was found to be unaffected by pH in the range from 4.5 to 8.0 and resembled an apparent autocatalytic reaction. The proposed mechanism included the formation of a photochemical intermediate (ϕACY = (1.62 ± 0.07)·10-3 mol ein-1) that further reacted with ACY to form by-products (k' = (5.64 ± 0.03)·10-3 M-1 s-1). The photolysis of ACY in the presence of hydrogen peroxide accelerated the removal of ACY as a result of formation of hydroxyl radicals. The kinetic constant for the reaction of OH radicals with ACY (kOH/ACY) determined with the kinetic modeling method was (1.23 ± 0.07)·109 M-1 s-1 and with the competition kinetics method was (2.30 ± 0.11)·109 M-1 s-1 with competition kinetics. The acute and chronic effects of the treated aqueous mixtures on different living organisms (Vibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, D. magna) revealed significantly lower toxicity for the samples treated with UV254/H2O2 in comparison to those collected during UV254 treatment. This result suggests that the addition of moderate quantity of hydrogen peroxide (30-150 mg L-1) might be a useful strategy to reduce the ecotoxicity of UV254 based sanitary engineered systems for water reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, p.le V. Tecchio 80, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 4, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 4, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 4, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 4, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Andreozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, p.le V. Tecchio 80, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nuno M Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Gianluca Li Puma
- Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Raffaele Marotta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, p.le V. Tecchio 80, Napoli, Italy.
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97
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Dong H, Qiang Z, Lian J, Qu J. Degradation of nitro-based pharmaceuticals by UV photolysis: Kinetics and simultaneous reduction on halonitromethanes formation potential. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 119:83-90. [PMID: 28436826 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation kinetics and halonitromethanes formation potential (HNMsFP) of two nitro-based pharmaceuticals (i.e., ranitidine (RNTD) and nizatidine (NZTD)) during ultraviolet (UV) photolysis. It was found that the degradation kinetics of RNTD and NZTD exhibited pH-dependent trends, in accordance with their deprotonation equilibria. The neutral species of RNTD and NZTD were more photo-reactive than their corresponding deprotonated species, with their specific fluence-based first-order rate constants varying in the range of 5.64-31.90 m2 E-1. Both the RNTD and NZTD were prone precursors of HNMs (with molar yields of 5.6± 0.3% and 4.7± 0.4%, respectively at pH 7.0). Acidic and neutral circumstances facilitated the HNMs formation. The UV photolysis of RNTD and NZTD could reduce their HNMsFP simultaneously. Positive linear relationships between residual RNTD or NZTD concentration and HNMsFP were observed and the denitration during the UV photolysis accounted for the HNMsFP reduction. With the mandatory UV disinfection fluences in China (i.e. 20-80 mJ cm-2), the effective abatement of RNTD and NZTD and their HNMsFP could not be fully achieved, highlighting the necessity of increasing UV fluence or developing UV-based advanced oxidation process in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Junfeng Lian
- School of Architectural, Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong-qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
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98
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Yang Y, Lu X, Jiang J, Ma J, Liu G, Cao Y, Liu W, Li J, Pang S, Kong X, Luo C. Degradation of sulfamethoxazole by UV, UV/H 2O 2 and UV/persulfate (PDS): Formation of oxidation products and effect of bicarbonate. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 118:196-207. [PMID: 28431352 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The frequent detection of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in wastewater and surface waters gives rise of concerns about their ecotoxicological effects and potential risks to induce antibacterial resistant genes. UV/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) and UV/persulfate (UV/PDS) advanced oxidation processes have been demonstrated to be effective for the elimination of SMX, but there is still a need for a deeper understanding of product formations. In this study, we identified and compared the transformation products of SMX in UV, UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS processes. Because of the electrophilic nature of SO4-, the second-order rate constant for the reaction of sulfate radical (SO4-) with the anionic form of SMX was higher than that with the neutral form, while hydroxyl radical (OH) exhibited comparable reactivity to both forms. The direct photolysis of SMX predominately occurred through cleavage of the NS bond, rearrangement of the isoxazole ring, and hydroxylation mechanisms. Hydroxylation was the dominant pathway for the reaction of OH with SMX. SO4- favored attack on NH2 group of SMX to generate a nitro derivative and dimeric products. The presence of bicarbonate in UV/H2O2 inhibited the formation of hydroxylated products, but promoted the formation of the nitro derivative and the dimeric products. In UV/PDS, bicarbonate increased the formation of the nitro derivative and the dimeric products, but decreased the formation of the hydroxylated dimeric products. The different effect of bicarbonate on transformation products in UV/H2O2 vs. UV/PDS suggested that carbonate radical (CO3-) oxidized SMX through the electron transfer mechanism similar to SO4- but with less oxidation capacity. Additionally, SO4- and CO3- exhibited higher reactivity to the oxazole ring than the isoxazole ring of SMX. Ecotoxicity of transformation products was estimated by ECOSAR program based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis as well as by experiments using Vibrio fischeri, and these results indicated that the oxidation of SO4- or CO3- with SMX generated more toxic products than those of OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xinglin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Guanqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Weili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Suyan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xiujuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Congwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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99
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Park J, Yamashita N, Park C, Shimono T, Takeuchi DM, Tanaka H. Removal characteristics of pharmaceuticals and personal care products: Comparison between membrane bioreactor and various biological treatment processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 179:347-358. [PMID: 28384602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the concentrations of 57 target compounds in the different treatment units of various biological treatment processes in South Korea, including modified biological nutrient removal (BNR), anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A2O), and membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, to elucidate the occurrence and removal fates of PPCPs in WWTPs. Biological treatment processes appeared to be most effective in eliminating most PPCPs, whereas some PPCPs were additionally removed by post-treatment. With the exception of the MBR process, the A2O system was effective for PPCPs removal. As a result, removal mechanisms were evaluated by calculating the mass balances in A2O and a lab-scale MBR process. The comparative study demonstrated that biodegradation was largely responsible for the improved removal performance found in lab-scale MBR (e.g., in removing bezafibrate, ketoprofen, and atenolol). Triclocarban, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and tetracycline were adsorbed in large amounts to MBR sludge. Increased biodegradability was also observed in lab-scale MBR, despite the highly adsorbable characteristics. The enhanced biodegradation potential seen in the MBR process thus likely plays a key role in eliminating highly adsorbable compounds as well as non-degradable or persistent PPCPs in other biological treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Park
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Yamashita
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Chulhwi Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, South Korea
| | - Tatsumi Shimono
- Mitsubishi Rayon CO., LTD., 1-1, Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-8253, Japan
| | - Daniel M Takeuchi
- Mitsubishi Rayon CO., LTD., 1-1, Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-8253, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
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100
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Giannakis S, Jovic M, Gasilova N, Pastor Gelabert M, Schindelholz S, Furbringer JM, Girault H, Pulgarin C. Iohexol degradation in wastewater and urine by UV-based Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Process modeling and by-products identification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 195:174-185. [PMID: 27416798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an Iodinated Contrast Medium (ICM), Iohexol, was subjected to treatment by 3 Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) (UV, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/Fe2+). Water, wastewater and urine were spiked with Iohexol, in order to investigate the treatment efficiency of AOPs. A tri-level approach has been deployed to assess the UV-based AOPs efficacy. The treatment was heavily influenced by the UV transmittance and the organics content of the matrix, as dilution and acidification improved the degradation but iron/H2O2 increase only moderately. Furthermore, optimization of the treatment conditions, as well as modeling of the degradation was performed, by step-wise constructed quadratic or product models, and determination of the optimal operational regions was achieved through desirability functions. Finally, global chemical parameters (COD, TOC and UV-Vis absorbance) were followed in parallel with specific analyses to elucidate the degradation process of Iohexol by UV-based AOPs. Through HPLC/MS analysis the degradation pathway and the effects the operational parameters were monitored, thus attributing the pathways the respective modifications. The addition of iron in the UV/H2O2 process inflicted additional pathways beneficial for both Iohexol and organics removal from the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Giannakis
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Milica Jovic
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Valais Wallis, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Valais Wallis, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Miquel Pastor Gelabert
- Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química (ETSEQ), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Simon Schindelholz
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marie Furbringer
- SB, Physics Section Management, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Valais Wallis, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - César Pulgarin
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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