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Li Y, Shi Y, Huang D, Wu Y, Dong W. Enhanced activation of persulfate by Fe(III) and catechin without light: Reaction kinetics, parameters and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125420. [PMID: 33618272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An environmental-friendly plant polyphenol, catechin (CAT), was applied in Fe(III) activated persulfate (PS) system for naproxen (NPX) degradation in this research. Reaction kinetics, parameters, NPX degradation products and reaction mechanism were investigated. Combining the results of quenching experiments as well as Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), it was observed that SO4•- was critical in NPX degradation, and the contribution of HO• was minor in the Fe(III)/CAT/PS system. O2•- was generated during the reaction but did not contribute to NPX degradation. SO4•- and HO• were produced from the PS activation by Fe(II), which was formed from the transient complexing and reduction process between Fe(III) and CAT. The effects of Fe(III), CAT, PS concentration and pH value on NPX degradation were evaluated. Moreover, the mineralization rate was 20.2%, and the toxicity of the treated solution were lower than the initial solution. Nine possible intermediates were determined when using LC-QTOF-MS to analyze, and three degradation pathways were put ward. The results proved that CAT could accelerate the redox cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II), consequently to strengthen PS activation without light. It was a promising oxidation technology as it offered an energy-saving and hypo-toxic way for refractory organic pollutants treatment, and it was applicable at a comparatively wide pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yahong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dingfeng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Cao W, Wu N, Qu R, Sun C, Huo Z, Ajarem JS, Allam AA, Wang Z, Zhu F. Oxidation of benzophenone-3 in aqueous solution by potassium permanganate: kinetics, degradation products, reaction pathways, and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31301-31311. [PMID: 33599933 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is used in a wide range of personal care products and plastics to resist ultraviolet light, which has aroused considerable public concern due to its endocrine-disrupting effects. In this work, we systematically investigated the chemical oxidation process of BP-3 by KMnO4. The influences of several factors, such as pH, oxidant dose, temperature, coexisting water constituents, and water matrices, on BP-3 degradation efficiency were evaluated. The removal rate of 10 μM BP-3 could reach 91.3% in 2 h under the conditions of pH = 8.0, [BP-3]0:[KMnO4]0 = 1:20, and T = 25 °C, with the observed rate constant (kobs) value of 0.0202 min-1. The presence of typical anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) and HA could slightly increase BP-3 removal, while HCO3- caused a relatively significant promotion of BP-3 degradation. On the basis of mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations, hydroxylation, direct oxidation, and carbon-carbon bridge bond cleavage were mainly involved in the oxidation process. Toxicity assessment revealed that the acute and chronic toxicities were reduced significantly, which suggested KMnO4 is a promising technique for BP-3 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jamaan S Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, 65211, Egypt
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Ding C, Fu K, Wu M, Gong S, Liu J, Shi J, Deng H. Photocatalytic performance and mechanism of AgI/Ag/ZnO composites as catalysts for the visible-light-driven degradation of naproxen. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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54
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Xia H, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhang W, Purchase D, Zhao C, Song X, Wang Y. Degradation mechanism of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) as an emerging contaminant in advanced oxidation processes: A DFT modelling approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129674. [PMID: 33571912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a typical toxic organophosphate and emerging contaminant, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is resistant to conventional water treatment processes. Studies on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to degrade TCEP have received increasing attention, but the detailed mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study investigated the mechanistic details of TCEP degradation promoted by OH by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Our results demonstrated that in the initial step, energy barriers of the hydrogen abstraction pathways were no more than 7 kcal/mol. Cleavage of the P-O or C-Cl bond was possible to occur, whilst the C-O or C-C cleavage had to overcome an energy barrier above 50 kcal/mol, which was too high for mild experimental conditions. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) combined with the distortion/interaction energy (DIE) analysis disclosed origin of the various reactivities of each site of TCEP. The systematic calculations on the transformation of products generated in the initial step showed remarkable exothermic property. The novel information at molecular level provides insight on how these products are generated and offers valuable theoretical guidance to help develop more effective AOPs to degrade TCEP or other emerging environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110044, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Environment and Resources (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, United Kingdom.
| | - Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, UK
| | - Chuanqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Environment and Resources (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China
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López-Cázares MI, Isaacs-Páez ED, Ascacio-Valdés J, Aguilar-González CN, Rangel-Mendez JR, Chazaro-Ruiz LF. Electro-assisted naproxen adsorption followed by its electrodegradation and simultaneous electroreactivation of the activated carbon electrode. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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56
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Wang T, Liu X, Wang D, Gong Z, Si B, Zhai Y. Persulfate assisted hydrothermal processing of spirulina for enhanced deoxidation carbonization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124543. [PMID: 33348116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of persulfate assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) (160 °C-220 °C) of spirulina and hydrochar properties was assessed. The elementary composition and proximate analysis of hydrochar were investigated on the carbonization degree and basic fuel properties, and the surface functional groups and morphological characteristics of hydrochar were analyzed as well as thermal stability. Results suggested that persulfate assisted process enhanced the carbonization degree of hydrochar by oxygen reduction (1.53%-2.74%) and increase of C ratio, and HHVs increased 0.81-1.39 MJ/kg at temperature above 180 °C. The -OH and CO on hydrochar surface were significantly reduced, and C-(C, H) and C-(O, N) were weakened by persulfate addition and more C-H peaks was formed. Additionally, the persulfate addition enhanced the thermal stability of hydrochar by lowing the maximum mass loss rate. The result suggested that HTC can be conducted with persulfate at lower temperature for hydrochar biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Xiangmin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Buchun Si
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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57
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Xia H, Zhang W, Yang Z, Dai Z, Yang Y. Spectrophotometric Determination of p-Nitrophenol under ENP Interference. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6682722. [PMID: 33505765 PMCID: PMC7808843 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been widely developed in various fields in recent years, resulting in an increasing occurrence of nanoparticles in the natural environment. However, the tiny substances have created unexpected confusion in environmental sample testing due to the negative nanoeffect of ENPs. In this paper, a novel technique of spectrophotometric determination of p-nitrophenol (PNP) was developed under the interfering impact of nano-Fe(OH)3, widely distributed in the natural environment as a typical example of ENPs. Because of the strong absorption at the two characteristic peaks of PNP, namely, 317 nm and 400 nm, nano-Fe(OH)3 interfered with the colorimetric determination of PNP. Thus, the developed testing method, with HCl acidification at 60°C and ascorbic acid (AA) masking FeCl3, was proposed and successfully realized the accurate determination of PNP in water samples by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with 317 nm as the absorption wavelength. The final colorimetric system of 5% HCl, 10% CH3OH, and 1% ascorbic acid was confirmed by optimized batch experiments, and the optimum condition of acidification pretreatment was heating at 60°C for 20 min. Further results demonstrated that the proposed novel method had good accuracy and reproducibility even in high-salinity natural water bodies such as groundwater and surface water. The testing technique presented in this paper provided an interesting and useful tool for problem solving of PNP surveys under ENPs' interference and practically supported water quality assessment for a better environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Lab of Groundwater and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhenxue Dai
- Key Lab of Groundwater and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110044, China
- Key Lab of Groundwater and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
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58
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Wu Y, Jin X, Liu Y, Huang S, Wang F, Zheng X, Wei D, Liu H, Chen P, Liu G. Facile synthesis of solar light-driven Z-scheme Ag2CO3/TNS-001 photocatalyst for the effective degradation of naproxen: Mechanisms and degradation pathways. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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59
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Yin R, Hu L, Xia D, Yang J, He C, Liao Y, Zhang Q, He J. Hydroxylamine promoted Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle on ilmenite surface to enhance persulfate catalytic activation and aqueous pharmaceutical ibuprofen degradation. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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60
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Qin W, Lin Z, Dong H, Yuan X, Qiang Z, Liu S, Xia D. Kinetic and mechanistic insights into the abatement of clofibric acid by integrated UV/ozone/peroxydisulfate process: A modeling and theoretical study. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116336. [PMID: 32889366 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of integrated UV/ozone (O3)/peroxydisulfate (PDS) process for abatement of clofibric acid (CA) was systematically explored in this study with focus on the kinetic simulation and oxidation mechanisms. The results indicated the UV/O3/PDS process was of prominent treatment capability with pseudo-first-order rate constant of CA degradation increased by 65.9% and 86.0% compared to UV/O3 and UV/PDS processes, respectively. A chemical kinetic model was developed and successfully employed to predict CA elimination as well as the specific contributions of UV, hydroxyl radical (•OH) and sulfate radical (SO4•-) under different PDS dosage, pH, natural organic matters, bicarbonate and chloride conditions in UV/O3/PDS process. According to quantum chemical calculation, radical addition on ortho site of isopropoxy substituent and single electron transfer were corroborated to be the dominant reaction channels for the oxidation of CA by •OH and SO4•-, respectively. Additionally, the reactive sites and transformation pathways of CA were proposed via Fukui function calculation and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Moreover, the performance of UV/O3/PDS process was further evaluated with regard to the energy demand and bromate formation. This study first proposed a kinetic model in UV/O3/PDS process and elucidated the regioselectivity and products distribution of CA during oxidative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Qin
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan 430200, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhuang Lin
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiangjuan Yuan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan 430200, China; Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shaogang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 158 Da-xue Road, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan 430200, China; Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan 430200, China.
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61
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Zheng X, Chen S, Gao L, Liu Y, Shen F, Liu H. Experimental and theoretical study of kinetic and mechanism of hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of sulfamethazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40504-40511. [PMID: 32666441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH)-based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) is an effective and clean way to remove sulfonamide antibiotics in water at ambient temperature and pressure. In this study, we systematically investigated the degradation kinetics of sulfamethazine (SMT) by •OH with a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. The second-order rate constant (k) of SMT with •OH was experimentally determined to be 5.27 ± 0.06 × 109 M-1 s-1 at pH 4.5. We also calculated the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors for the reactions by density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP/6-31G*. The results revealed that •OH addition pathways at the methylene (C4) site on the pyridine ring and the ortho sites (C12 and C14) of the amino group on the benzene ring dominate the reaction, especially C14 site on the benzene ring accounted for 43.95% of SMT degradation kinetics. The theoretical k value which was calculated by conventional transition state theory is 3.96 × 109 M-1 s-1, indicating that experimental observation (5.27 ± 0.06 × 109) is correct. These results could further help AOTs design in treating sulfonamide during wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lingwei Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Fenghua Shen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
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62
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Zhou Y, Chen C, Guo K, Wu Z, Wang L, Hua Z, Fang J. Kinetics and pathways of the degradation of PPCPs by carbonate radicals in advanced oxidation processes. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116231. [PMID: 32777595 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The carbonate radical (CO3•-) is a typical secondary radical observed in engineering and natural aquatic systems. This study investigated the degradation kinetics of 20 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) by CO3•- and the transformation pathways of a typical PPCP (naproxen) that is susceptible to CO3•-. CO3•- is highly selective for compounds containing aniline and phenolic hydroxyl groups as well as naphthalene rings, such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, salbutamol, propranolol, naproxen, and macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin, for which the second-order rate constants range from 5.6 × 107 M-1s-1 to 2.96 × 108 M-1s-1. A good linear relationship is observed between the natural logarithms of kCO3•- and the negative values of the Hammett Σσp+ constant for aromatic PPCPs, indicating that electron-donating groups promote the attack of benzene derivatives by CO3•-. The contribution of CO3•- to naproxen degradation is significant in different processes such as UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate, UV/chlorine, and UV/monochloramine, in the presence of HCO3-, which compensates for the decreased contributions of primary radicals. In particular, the formation of CO3•- increases the first-order rate constant of naproxen by 127% in UV/monochloramine in the presence of 50 mM HCO3- compared to that without HCO3-. Natural organic matter (NOM) exerts a slight scavenging effect on CO3•-, decreasing the inhibition effect of NOM on the degradation of naproxen by UV/H2O2 in the presence of HCO3-. The pathways involved in the transformation of naproxen by CO3•- include decarboxylation, hydroxylation, ketonization, demethylation and aldolization. In addition, the alteration of the genotoxicity during naproxen degradation by CO3•- was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kaiheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhechao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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63
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Wu N, Qu R, Li C, Bin-Jumah M, Allam AA, Cao W, Yu Y, Sun C, Wang Z. Enhanced oxidative degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether in soil by coupling Fenton-persulfate processes: Insights into degradation products and reaction mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139777. [PMID: 32531511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has extreme hydrophobicity, which results in its significant accumulation in soil, sediments and other solid materials. In this work, an oxidation method coupling Fenton with persulfate (PS) was proposed for the effective degradation of BDE-209 adsorbed on solid surfaces. After adding 0.1 M PS to the Fenton system at 1.0 h, the removal rate of BDE-209 was significantly increased from 62.2% to 94.0%. The degradation of BDE-209 in various soil samples was also investigated by the coupling Fenton-PS method. Removal efficiency of 73.4-95.8% was obtained, suggesting that this coupling method was feasible in real application. According to the radical scavenging experiments, •OH dominated the overall reaction of BDE-209 in the coupling system. Meanwhile, the enhanced removal was attributed to the generation of SO4•- from the catalytic decomposition of PS. The calculated energy barriers for SO4•- attacking on the carbons were smaller than •OH initiated reactions, which further confirmed that SO4•- plays a role in the accelerated removal of BDE-209. The initial attack of BDE-209 by SO4•- generated the SO4•- adducts, which may undergo debromination or CO bond cleavage reaction together with subsequent hydroxyl substitution to form the primary product OH-Nona-BDEs and pentabromophenol. Under the successive attack of radicals, these primary products were further transformed into lower-brominated hydroxylation products and bromophenols via direct debromination and hydroxyl substitution reaction. This work provides an economical and effective method for treating BDE-209 contaminated soils and samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt
| | - Wanming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Yang J, Wang Z, Lv G, Liu W, Wang Y, Sun X, Gao J. Indirect photodegradation of fludioxonil by hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen in aquatic environment: Mechanism, photoproducts formation and eco-toxicity assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110644. [PMID: 32325330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fludioxonil has been proven valuable as a broad-spectrum fungicide. However, there are concerns about its risk posed to non-target organisms in aquatic environments. In this paper, the mechanism, photoproducts transformation and eco-toxicity of fludioxonil during •OH/1O2-initiated process were systematically studied using quantum chemistry and computational toxicology. The results indicate that the two favorable pathways of •OH/1O2-initiated reactions are both occurred in pyrrole ring. It can conclude that the rate constants of •OH and 1O2 are 1.23 × 1010 and 3.69 × 107 M-1 s-1 at 298K, respectively, which results in half-lives of <2 days in surface waters under sunlit near-surface conditions. Based on toxicity assessments, these photoproducts showed a decreased aquatic toxicity but the majority products are still toxic. This study gives more insight into the chemical transformation mechanism of fludioxonil in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoxue Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Guochun Lv
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Yang Y, Xia Y, Wei F, Teng G, Yao Y. Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic stearic acid-Yb-PbO2 anode and its application on the electrochemical degradation of naproxen sodium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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66
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Bai R, Xiao Y, Yan W, Wang S, Ding R, Yang F, Li J, Lu X, Zhao F. Rapid and efficient removal of naproxen from water by CuFe 2O 4 with peroxymonosulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21542-21551. [PMID: 32279248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Naproxen, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been detected in many environmental matrixes and is regarded as an emerging pollutant. Sulfate radical (SO4·-) -based advanced oxidation processes have attracted wide attention due to their high efficiency and applicability in the removal of emerging contaminants. In this study, CuFe2O4 was used as an efficient catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate to oxidize naproxen. The results suggested that 92.3% of naproxen was degraded and 50.3% total organic carbon was removed in 60 min in the presence of 0.3 g·L-1 CuFe2O4 and 2 mM peroxymonosulfate. This degradation system showed strong adaptability in a wide pH range from 4.0 to 10.0. Free radical scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance analysis indicated that 1O2, ·OH, and SO4·- are the main active species. Finally, the potential degradation pathways of naproxen were proposed by detecting and analyzing the degradation products with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The results of this study suggest that the CuFe2O4-activated peroxymonosulfate system is a promising technology for the removal of naproxen from natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Weifu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Rui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Mei Q, Cao H, Han D, Li M, Yao S, Xie J, Zhan J, Zhang Q, Wang W, He M. Theoretical insight into the degradation of p-nitrophenol by OH radicals synergized with other active oxidants in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121901. [PMID: 31879096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) based on OH radicals (HO∙), HO2 radicals (HO2∙) and O2 in aqueous solution was investigated using theoretical computational methods. The complete degradation mechanisms of reaction between p-NP and HO∙ were explored by density functional theory (DFT) methods. The 4-nitrophenoxy radicals and 1,2-dihydroxy-4-nitrocylohexadienyl radicals are confirmed to be major intermediates of the HO∙-initiated reactions in aqueous phase, which consistent with experimental results. The chemical structures of some products (2,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one and 4-nitrocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione) which were not identified in the experiment are determined. New favorable formation channels for some intermediates were found. The primary reactions initiated by HO∙ or HO2∙ with p-NP reveals that HO∙-initiated degradation is the dominant reaction. HO2∙ and O2 can enhance the degradation extent of p-NP in further reactions. Rate constants of the elementary reactions and overall rate constants were calculated. In addition, the HO∙-initiated primary reactions in a water box of 500 water molecules were studied using Monte Carlo simulation. All the OH-addition reactions are barrierless and highly feasible. The observed dynamic reaction process is similar to the DFT calculation prediction. Furthermore, the eco-toxicity evaluation shows that important products are harmless or harmful to aquatic organisms, and are much less toxic than p-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Mei
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Haijie Cao
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Dandan Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, PR China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Side Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Dong S, Zhai X, Pi R, Wei J, Wang Y, Sun X. Efficient degradation of naproxen by persulfate activated with zero-valent iron: performance, kinetic and degradation pathways. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:2078-2091. [PMID: 32701488 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of naproxen (NAP) by persulfate (PS) activated with zero-valent iron (ZVI) was investigated in our study. The NAP in aqueous solution was degraded effectively by the ZVI/PS system and the degradation exhibited a pseudo-first-order kinetics pattern. Both sulfate radical (SO4 •-) and hydroxyl radical (HO•) participate in the NAP degradation. The second-order rate constants for NAP reacting with SO4 •- and HO• were (5.64 ± 0.73) × 109 M- 1 s- 1 and (9.05 ± 0.51) × 109 M- 1 s- 1, respectively. Influence of key parameters (initial pH, PS dosage, ZVI dosage, and NAP dosage) on NAP degradation were evaluated systematically. Based on the detected intermediates, the pathways of NAP degradation in ZVI/PS system was proposed. It was found that the presence of ammonia accelerated the corrosion of ZVI and thus promoted the release of Fe2+, which induced the increased generation of sulfate radicals from PS and promoted the degradation of NAP. Compared to its counterpart without ammonia, the degradation rates of NAP by ZVI/PS were increased to 3.6-17.5 folds and 1.2-2.2 folds under pH 7 and pH 9, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, 132012, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaoxue Zhai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, 132012, China E-mail:
| | - Ruobing Pi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, 132012, China E-mail:
| | - Jinbao Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, 132012, China E-mail:
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, 132012, China E-mail:
| | - Xuhui Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, 132012, China E-mail:
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69
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Xiao R, Bai L, Liu K, Shi Y, Minakata D, Huang CH, Spinney R, Seth R, Dionysiou DD, Wei Z, Sun P. Elucidating sulfate radical-mediated disinfection profiles and mechanisms of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115552. [PMID: 32062220 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Practical applications of disinfection technologies for engineered waters require an in‒depth understanding of disinfection profiles and mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria in a complex matrix. This study investigated the inactivation of E. coli and E. faecalis by SO4•-, an emerging advanced disinfectant, in ultrapure water (UPW) and wastewater effluent (WE). Based on the bacterial inactivation kinetics in UPW in a zerovalent iron/peroxydisulfate system, the second order rate constants (k) for SO4•- reacting with E. coli and E. faecalis were measured to be (1.39 ± 0.1) × 109 M-1 s-1 and (6.71 ± 0.1) × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. The morphological images of both bacteria by the scanning electron microscope indicated that SO4•- initiates oxidative reactions on the wall/membranes, causing their irreversible damage, ultimately affecting membrane permeability and physiological functions. To profile the inactivation kinetics of two strains of bacteria in WE matrix, a mechanistic process‒based model with the obtained k values was developed. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses indicated that the key parameters for the model predictions were the concentrations of halide ions (i.e., Br- and Cl-) in WE and their k values reacting with SO4•- accounting for >80% of uncertainty or variance expected in predicted bacterial inactivation. This model allows precise estimation of required disinfectant dose even in complex water matrices, shedding lights on the extension of application of SO4•-‒based technology in wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Daisuke Minakata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Rajesh Seth
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China; Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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70
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Wu Y, Wang F, Jin X, Zheng X, Wang Y, Wei D, Zhang Q, Feng Y, Xie Z, Chen P, Liu H, Liu G. Highly active metal-free carbon dots/g-C 3N 4 hollow porous nanospheres for solar-light-driven PPCPs remediation: Mechanism insights, kinetics and effects of natural water matrices. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115492. [PMID: 31945649 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are increasingly being scrutinized by the scientific community due to their environmental persistence. Therefore, the development of novel environmentally compatible and energy-efficient technologies for their removal is highly anticipated. In this work, a novel metal-free photocatalytic nanoreactor was successfully synthesized by anchoring carbon dots to hollow carbon nitride nanospheres (HCNS/CDs). The unique structure of these hollow nanospherical HCNS/CDs hybrids endowed them with a high population of reactive sites, while enhancing optical absorption due to internal light reflection. Simultaneously, the CDs served as "artificial antennas" to absorb and convert photons with low energy, due to their superior up-converting properties. Consequently, the HCNS/CDs demonstrated excellent photodegradation activities for the degradation of PPCPs under broad-spectrum irradiation. Remarkedly, 10 mg/L of naproxen (NPX) was completely degraded following 5 min of natural solar irradiation. It was further revealed that the O2•- played a significant role during the photocatalytic process, which could lead to the decomposition of NPX. The effects of natural water matrices and the degradation of trace PPCPs further supported that this photocatalytic system may be efficaciously applied for the remediation of PPCPs contamination in ambient waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingfei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiping Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhijie Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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71
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Gao L, Mao Q, Luo S, Cao L, Xie X, Yang Y, Deng Y, Wei Z. Experimental and theoretical insights into kinetics and mechanisms of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals-mediated degradation of sulfamethoxazole: Similarities and differences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113795. [PMID: 31918128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH)- and sulfate radical ()-based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) have been proven an effective method to remove antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study aims to gain insights into kinetics and mechanisms of neutral sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation, a representative antibiotic, by •OH and using an experimental and theoretical approach. First, the second-order rate constants (k) of SMX with •OH and were determined to be (7.27 ± 0.43) × 109 and (2.98 ± 0.32) × 109 M-1 s-1 in UV/H2O2 and UV/persulfate (UV/PS) systems, respectively. The following theoretical calculations at the M06-2X level of theory revealed that addition of radicals to the benzene ring is the most favorable first-step reaction for both •OH and , but that exhibits higher energy barriers and selectivity than •OH due to steric hindrance. We further analyzed subsequent reactions and, interestingly, our findings closely corroborated HOMO/LUMO distributions of SMX to the oxidation pathways. Finally, the estimation of energy consumption for UV alone, •OH-, and -mediated oxidation processes was compared. These comparative results, for the first time, provide insights into the similarities and differences of degradation of SMX by •OH/ at the molecular level and can help improve antibiotics removal using radical based AOTs in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Qiming Mao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Linying Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiande Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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72
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Xiao R, He L, Luo Z, Spinney R, Wei Z, Dionysiou DD, Zhao F. An experimental and theoretical study on the degradation of clonidine by hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136333. [PMID: 32050369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals that cannot be completely removed by traditional biological treatments are ubiquitously present in water bodies with detected concentrations ranging from ng L-1 to mg L-1. Advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) are promising, efficient, and environmentally friendly for the removal of these pharmaceuticals. In this study, we investigated the degradation kinetics of a model pharmaceutical, clonidine (CLD), via hydroxyl radical (OH) in UV/H2O2 and sulfate radical (SO4•-) in UV/peroxydisulfate (PS) systems for the first time. The second-order rate constants (k) of protonated cationic CLD with OH and SO4•- were measured to be (2.15 ± 0.07) × 109 M-1 s-1 and (1.12 ± 0.03) × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. We also calculated the pKa value of CLD and thermodynamic behaviors for reactions of CLD/HCLD+ with OH and SO4•- at M05-2X/6-311++G**//M05-2X/6-31+G** level with SMD solvation model. The pKa value was calculated to be 8.14, confirming the literature value. H atom abstraction pathway was the most favorable pathway for both OH and SO4•-, while single electron transfer pathway was thermodynamically feasible only for SO4•- for CLD but not for HCLD+. In addition, the reactivities of both tautomeric forms of CLD (i.e., amino and imino CLD) with both radicals were also investigated. This study contributed to a better understanding on the degradation mechanisms of CLD and proposed the possibilities of the elimination of pharmaceuticals by applying AOTs during wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zonghao Luo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, U.S.A
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, U.S.A
| | - Feiping Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
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73
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Jung SC, Bang HJ, Lee H, Kim H, Ha HH, Yu YH, Park YK. Degradation behaviors of naproxen by a hybrid TiO 2 photocatalyst system with process components. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135216. [PMID: 31806301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid system combining microwave and a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) was proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional TiO2 photocatalysts. The degradation efficiency and mechanism of naproxen were determined using a series of single processes, including conventional TiO2 photocatalyst reactors and a hybrid system that fuses them. Although the degradation efficiency tended to increase after changing the experimental condition of a single process, the optimal conditions existed for these experimental conditions. On the other hand, remarkable synergy was observed in the fused process, whose efficiency was significantly higher than that of the unit process. In particular, the optimal degradation ability was obtained by adding hydrogen peroxide together with microwave irradiation. The seven intermediates in the proposed photocatalytic degradation pathway were generated by the demethylation and hydroxylation by hydroxyl radicals. These results are expected to provide new data on the design of high efficiency photocatalytic systems at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Bang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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74
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Wang Y, Guo S, Gu Z, Zhang A. Comparison study on microwave irradiation-activated persulfate and hydrogen peroxide systems in the treatment of dinitrodiazophenol industrial wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125139. [PMID: 31704523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, refractory organics in industrial wastewater containing dinitrodiazophenol (DDNP) were treated by microwave (MW) irradiation-activated persulfate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The organics degradation effect of MW output power, oxidant dosage and initial pH were investigated. Spectral analysis and radical scavenging experiments were used to investigate the degradation pathway and identify reactive oxygen species in the two systems. As the MW output power increased, kobs of both systems increased, but excessively high-power output inhibited organics degradation in the MW-PS system. The impact of initial pH on MW-PS system performance was not obvious compared to that of the MW-H2O2 system (in which alkalinity significantly limited the reaction with organics). Under the same reaction condition, COD removals reached 89.89% (MW-PS) and 54.56% (MW-H2O2) and biodegradability improved from 0.060 to 0.561 (MW-PS) and 0.535 (MW-H2O2). In addition, SO4and ·OHwere identified in the MW-PS system but only ·OHexisted in the MW-H2O2 system, indicating that the MW-PS system could oxidize more types of organics in DDNP wastewater than the MW-H2O2 system. Furthermore, UV-Vis and FITR analyses showed that organics with diazo groups and nitro-groups could be decomposed and intermediate products with C-O-H (which are biodegradable) will be generated. The MW-PS system also produced a better economic benefit than the MW-H2O2 system. Therefore, this study provides valuable references for the use of MW irradiation-activated oxidants to treat DDNP industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shengpeng Guo
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Zhepei Gu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
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75
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Xiao R, Ma J, Luo Z, Zeng W, Wei Z, Spinney R, Hu WP, Dionysiou DD. Experimental and theoretical insight into hydroxyl and sulfate radicals-mediated degradation of carbamazepine. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113498. [PMID: 31761579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely detected pharmaceutical in wastewaters, cannot currently be treated by conventional activated sludge technologies, as it is highly resistant to biodegradation. In this study, the degradation kinetics and reaction mechanisms of CBZ by hydroxyl radical (OH) and sulfate radical ()-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were investigated with a combined experimental/theoretical approach. We first measured the UV absorption spectrum of CBZ and compared it to the theoretical spectrum. The agreement of two spectra reveals an extended π-conjugation system on CBZ molecular structure. The second-order rate constants of OH and with CBZ, measured by competition kinetics method, were (4.63 ± 0.01) × 109 M-1 s-1 and (8.27 ± 0.01) × 108 M-1 s-1, respectively at pH 3. The energetics of the initial steps of CBZ reaction with OH and were also calculated by density functional theory (DFT) at SMD/M05-2X/6-311++G**//M05-2X/6-31 + G**level. Our results reveal that radical addition is the dominant pathway for both OH and . Further, compared to the positive ΔGR0 value for the single electron transfer (SET) reaction pathway between CBZ and OH, the ΔGR0 value for SET reaction between CBZ and is negative, showing that this reaction route is thermodynamically favorable. Our results demonstrated the remarkable advantages of AOPs for the removal of refractory organic contaminants during wastewater treatment processes. The elucidation of the pathways for the reaction of OH and with CBZ are beneficial to predict byproducts formation and assess associated ecotoxicity, providing an evaluation mean for the feasibility of AOPs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Junye Ma
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zonghao Luo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weizhi Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wei-Ping Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia‒Yi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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76
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Bai FY, Ni S, Tang YZ, Pan XM, Zhao Z. Ciprofloxacin transformation in aqueous environments: Mechanism, kinetics, and toxicity assessment during •OH-mediated oxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134190. [PMID: 31670037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The initial reactions of organics with •OH are important to understand their transformations and fates in advanced oxidation processes in aqueous phase. Herein, the kinetics and mechanism of •OH-initiated degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic of fluoroquinolone class, are obtained using density functional and computational kinetics methods. All feasible mechanisms are considered, including H-abstraction, •OH-addition, and sequential electron proton transfer. Results showed that the H-abstraction is the dominant reaction pathway, and the product radicals P7H, P9H, and P10H are the dominating intermediates. The aqueous phase rate coefficients for the •OH-triggered reaction of ciprofloxacin are calculated from 273 K to 323 K to examine the temperature dependent effect, and the theoretical value of 6.07 × 109 M-1 s-1 at 298 K is close to the corresponding experimental data. Moreover, the intermediates P7H, P9H, and P10H could easily transform to several stable products in the presence of O2, HO2•, and •OH. The peroxy radical, which is generated from the incorporation of H-abstraction product radicals (P7H, P9H, and P10H) with O2, prefers to produce HO2• into the surrounding through direct concerted elimination rather than the indirect mechanism. In addition, the peroxy radical could react with HO2• via triplet and singlet routes, and the former is more favorable due to its smaller barrier compared with the latter. The hydroxyl-substituted CIP has higher activity than its parent compound in their reactions with •OH due to its lower barrier and faster rate. In addition, the -NHC(O)-containing compound IM3-P10-H-4 is harmful to aquatic fish and is the primary product in the •OH-rich environment according to the ecotoxicity assessment computations. This study can improve our comprehension on CIP transformation in complex water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yang Bai
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ni
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhen Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Pan
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, People's Republic of China
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77
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Liu J, Liu Y, Tian Y, Feng L, Zhang L. Comparison of the oxidation of halogenated phenols in UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation processes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6464-6472. [PMID: 35496003 PMCID: PMC9049674 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS) and UV/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can effectively degrade halophenols (HPs, e.g., 2,4-bromophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol); meanwhile, information about the discrepancies in the related degradation kinetics and mechanisms of these two processes is limited. To gain this knowledge, the degradation of two typical HPs (i.e., bromophenols and chlorophenols) in UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 processes were investigated and compared. The results showed that the degradation rates of HPs with different substitution positions in the UV/PDS process were in the order of para-substituted HPs (i.e., 4-BP and 4-CP) > ortho-substituted HPs (i.e., 2-BP and 2-CP) > meta-substituted HPs (i.e., 3-BP and 3-CP), while in the UV/H2O2 process, these rates were in the order of para-substituted HPs > meta-substituted HPs > ortho-substituted HPs. These discrepancies were ascribed to the different reaction activities of SO4˙− and HO˙ with HPs, which were calculated based on the competition method. Further density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that SO4˙− reacts more readily with HPs via electron transfer than HO˙. In the presence of water matrices (such as Cl−, HCO3− and natural organic matter (NOM)), the degradation of 2-BP in both UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 treatment processes was inhibited due to the scavenging of free radicals by these background substances. The degradation products and pathways further confirmed that SO4˙− is a strong one-electron oxidant that reacts with HPs mainly via electron transfer, while HO˙ reacts with HPs via electron transfer and hydroxyl addition. The oxidation of halogenated phenols with different substitution positions in UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 processes was compared.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yajun Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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78
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Mao Q, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Liang L, Wang H, Luo S, Luo L, Jeyakumar P, Ok YS, Rizwan M. Experimental and theoretical aspects of biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron activating H 2O 2 for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 380:120848. [PMID: 31319334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin has been frequently detected in water environment, and its removal has become a significant public concern. Biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (BC/nZVI) to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has many advantages on promoting the removal of organic contaminants. In this paper, the BC/nZVI activating H2O2 degradation of ciprofloxacin was systematically investigated by experimental and theoretical approaches. The morphologies and property analysis showed that nZVI particles distributed uniformly on the biochar surface, which mainly include -OH, >CO and COC and CO groups. Different reaction conditions were compared to define the optimal conditions for ciprofloxacin removal in BC/nZVI/H2O2 system. More than 70% of ciprofloxacin was removed in the optimal conditions: acidic condition (pH 3∼4), low doses of H2O2 (20 mM), and temperature of 298 K. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) oxidation was the primary pathway in BC/nZVI/H2O2 degradation of ciprofloxacin process. The theoretical calculation indicated that hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) pathways were the dominant oxidation pathways contributing 92.3% in overall second‒order rate constants (k) of •OH and ciprofloxacin. The current results are valuable to evaluate the application of BC/nZVI activating H2O2 degradation of ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Mao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lifen Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
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79
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Xu L, Ma X, Niu J, Chen J, Zhou C. Removal of trace naproxen from aqueous solution using a laboratory-scale reactive flow-through membrane electrode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120692. [PMID: 31255850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanisms of naproxen (NPX) degradation with the concentration of 20-200 μg/L were investigated by using reactive flow-through membrane anode. The electrochemical degradation of NPX followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The kinetic rate constant (k) of 0.649 min-1 and energy consumption (EEO) of 0.744 Wh/L were found under optimal conditions with the initial NPX concentration of 50 μg/L. Higher current density benefited •OH production and NPX degradation. Faster rotational speed of pump and lower pH were in favor of electrochemical degradation of NPX, in which k and EEO were 3.9 and 0.27 times when rotational speed was increased from 100 to 600 rpm, and 4.9 and 0.21 times when pH was decreased from 11.0 to 3.0, respectively. The degradation efficiency and energy consumption were both maintained at a narrow range when the initial concentration of NPX was changed from 20 to 200 μg/L, and even under the addition of humic acid (1.0-10.0 mg/L). The major degradation pathways of NPX were demethylation and decarboxylation, followed with the further ring cleavage reactions. The flow-through membrane electrode is proved to be effective for the elimination of trace NPX from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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80
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Liu Y, Tang Y, Wu Y, Feng L, Zhang L. Degradation of naproxen in chlorination and UV/chlorine processes: kinetics and degradation products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34301-34310. [PMID: 30746625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Naproxen (NAP) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has been widely used and frequently detected in water environments. This study investigated the NAP degradation in the chlorination and UV/chlorine disinfection processes, which usually acted as the last barriers for water treatment. The results showed that both chlorination and UV/chlorine disinfection could remove NAP effectively. At various chlorine dosages (0.1~0.5 mM), the contributions of chlorination and reactive radicals to the degradation of NAP in the UV/chlorine process were calculated to be 50.5~56.9% and 43.1~49.5%, respectively. However, the reactive radicals dominated in NAP degradation in alkaline solutions, while chlorination dominated in acidic conditions. The HCO3- (10~50 mM) slightly inhibited, Cl- (10~50 mM) gradually promoted, and HA (1~5 mg/L) significantly reduced NAP degradation by UV/chlorine process. The degradation intermediates and products were obtained via high-performance liquid chromatography with QE-MS/MS; NAP was degraded by demethylation, acetylation, and dicarboxylic acid pathways during the chlorination and UV/chlorination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongxin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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81
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Evaluation of Partial Nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) Process Performance and Microorganisms Community Composition under Different C/N Ratio. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process with intermittent aeration is possible under sidestream conditions, but implementation in a mainstream is a challenge due to increased Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratios in domestic wastewater. This study investigated the effect of C/N ratios on process efficiency and the effect of narrowing non-aeration time on process improvement at high chemical oxygen demand (COD) load. An increase in TN removal efficiency was achieved in both series with gradual change of C/N ratio from 1 to 3, from 65.1% to 83.4% and 63.5% to 78% in 1st and 2nd series, respectively. However, at the same time, the ammonium utilization rate (AUR) value decreased with the increase in C/N ratio. At a high COD (C/N = 3) concentration, the process broke down and regained productivity after narrowing the non-aeration time in both series. Shifts in the system performance were also connected to adaptive changes in microbial community revealed by data obtained from 16S rRNA NGS (next-generation sequencing), which showed intensive growth of the bacteria with dominant heterotrophic metabolism and the decreasing ratio of autotrophic bacteria. The study shows that deammonification is applicable to the mainstream provided that the C/N ratio and the aeration/non-aeration time are optimized.
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82
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Dong W, Jin Y, Zhou K, Sun SP, Li Y, Chen XD. Efficient degradation of pharmaceutical micropollutants in water and wastewater by Fe III-NTA-catalyzed neutral photo-Fenton process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:513-520. [PMID: 31726571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferric-nitrilotriacetate complex (FeIII-NTA) has been adopted to catalyze the photo-Fenton degradation of emerging pharmaceutical micropollutants in water and wastewater at neutral pH. The generation of hydroxyl radicals (HO) in UVA/FeIII-NTA/H2O2 was identified by using electron spin resonance (ESR) trapping technique. The effects of critical parameters (e.g., NTA:FeIII molar ratio, FeIII-NTA and H2O2 dosages) on the steady-state HO concentrations were studied in terms of the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ, as a model compound) in Milli-Q water. In addition, the degradation of pharmaceuticals mixtures (including CBZ, crotamiton (CRMT) and ibuprofen (IBP)) in wastewater effluents from a biological aerated filter (BAF) by UVA/FeIII-NTA/H2O2 was studied in continuous-flow mode. The results showed that the efficacies of FeIII-NTA in catalyzing photo-Fenton degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluents were comparable to those obtained by FeIII-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (FeIII-EDDS), and far exceeded other FeIII-L complex (e.g., citric acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid). More than 92% degradation efficiencies of CBZ, CRMT and IBP were obtained in continuous-flow mode under the given conditions of 0.178 mM FeIII-NTA (1:1), 4.54 mM H2O2, UVA intensity 4.05 mW cm-2, hydraulic retention time (HRT) 2 h, influent pH 7.6 (±0.2) and temperature 20 °C. The results presented herein suggest that FeIII-NTA-catalyzed neutral photo-Fenton reaction can be an alternative tertiary process for the treatment of pharmaceutical micropollutants in secondary wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Dong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yaoyao Jin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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83
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Liu Q, Xu X, Wang L, Lin L, Wang D. Simultaneous determination of forty-two parent and halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in drinking water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:241-247. [PMID: 31200196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs) and halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) in drinking water has generated much concern recently. However, a method to simultaneously determine these compounds has not been developed. In this study, a method using solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of PPAHs and HPAHs in drinking water was established. Forty-two target compounds including 16 PPAHs and 26 HPAHs (16 chlorinated PAHs (Cl-HPAHs) and 10 brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs)) were selected to evaluate the performance. Our results indicate enriching compounds with a LC18 cartridge and eluting with dichloromethane is optimal with recovery of 74.88-119.4%. Method detection limits ranged from 0.34 to 3.37 ng L-1 when only using 1 L samples. The method accomplished the analysis of trace PPAHs and HPAHs. We found the coexistence of PPAHs and HPAHs including 12 PPAHs, 2 Cl-PAHs and 3 Br-PAHs in tap water samples. Maximum total concentration of PPAHs and HPAHs reached 33.69 ng L-1 and 3.04 ng L-1, respectively. Trace Br-PAHs were first detected in drinking water. 6-bromobenzene[a]pyrene was dominated among the HPAHs with a concentration from 2.30 to 2.69 ng L-1. The simultaneous occurrence of PPAHs and HPAHs in drinking water should receive more attention, and their formation mechanism should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Long Wang
- Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Lihua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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84
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Machado HG, Sanches-Neto FO, Coutinho ND, Mundim KC, Palazzetti F, Carvalho-Silva VH. "Transitivity": A Code for Computing Kinetic and Related Parameters in Chemical Transformations and Transport Phenomena. Molecules 2019; 24:E3478. [PMID: 31557893 PMCID: PMC6803931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transitivity function, defined in terms of the reciprocal of the apparent activation energy, measures the propensity for a reaction to proceed and can provide a tool for implementing phenomenological kinetic models. Applications to systems which deviate from the Arrhenius law at low temperature encouraged the development of a user-friendly graphical interface for estimating the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of physical and chemical processes. Here, we document the Transitivity code, written in Python, a free open-source code compatible with Windows, Linux and macOS platforms. Procedures are made available to evaluate the phenomenology of the temperature dependence of rate constants for processes from the Arrhenius and Transitivity plots. Reaction rate constants can be calculated by the traditional Transition-State Theory using a set of one-dimensional tunneling corrections (Bell (1935), Bell (1958), Skodje and Truhlar and, in particular, the deformed ( d -TST) approach). To account for the solvent effect on reaction rate constant, implementation is given of the Kramers and of Collins-Kimball formulations. An input file generator is provided to run various molecular dynamics approaches in CPMD code. Examples are worked out and made available for testing. The novelty of this code is its general scope and particular exploit of d -formulations to cope with non-Arrhenius behavior at low temperatures, a topic which is the focus of recent intense investigations. We expect that this code serves as a quick and practical tool for data documentation from electronic structure calculations: It presents a very intuitive graphical interface which we believe to provide an excellent working tool for researchers and as courseware to teach statistical thermodynamics, thermochemistry, kinetics, and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo G Machado
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação. Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 75132-400 Anápolis, GO, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Flávio O Sanches-Neto
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação. Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 75132-400 Anápolis, GO, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Nayara D Coutinho
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Kleber C Mundim
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Federico Palazzetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Valter H Carvalho-Silva
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação. Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 75132-400 Anápolis, GO, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, Brazil.
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85
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Wei Z, Li W, Zhao D, Seo Y, Spinney R, Dionysiou DD, Wang Y, Zeng W, Xiao R. Electrophilicity index as a critical indicator for the biodegradation of the pharmaceuticals in aerobic activated sludge processes. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:10-17. [PMID: 31129377 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving biodegradation of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment is critical to control the release of emerging micropollutants to natural waters. In this study, biodegradation of six model pharmaceuticals was investigated at different initial concentrations in two discrete activated sludge systems, and moreover, the correlation was explored between the biodegradation rate and key molecular properties of the contaminants. First, the biodegradation rates of the pharmaceuticals were measured fitting a pseudo first-order kinetic model to the experimental kinetic data. The degradation rate constants (kbio) were found to negatively correlate to the initial concentration of the chemicals, indicating an inhibitory effect on the microorganisms by the pharmaceuticals. Further examinations of the rate data against the key molecular properties of the pharmaceuticals revealed, for the first time, that the electrophilicity index (ω), a measure of electrophilic power, served as a better indicator of the biodegradability and predictive parameter for the kbio than the conventional log KOW (a measure of hydrophobicity) in the two discrete aerobic activated sludge systems. However, the correlation strength (goodness‒of‒fit) between ω and kbio deteriorated when the reactor turned from aerobic to anoxic and anaerobic conditions, suggesting that electron transfer from pharmaceutical molecules to enzymes was inhibited when dissolved oxygen was deficit or absent. Our results show that ω can potentially serve as a straightforward and robust indicator for predicting the biodegradability of pharmaceutical in conventional activated sludge processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsu Wei
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China; Section for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Section for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weizhi Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
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86
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Qu R, Pan X, Li C, Liu J, Wang X, Zeng X, Wang Z. Formation of hydroxylated derivatives and coupling products from the photochemical transformation of polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs) on silica surfaces. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:72-81. [PMID: 31128354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs) are dioxin compounds that have been detected in industrial fluoroaromatic chemicals and can cause adverse effects to organisms. In this work, the photochemical behaviors of PFDDs congeners on silica was systematically investigated. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (k, h-1) of surface photolysis changed with the substitution number and position of fluorine atoms, and the tetra-fluorinated PFDDs tended to degrade more efficiently. Octafluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OFDD) was selected as a representative to explore the reaction mechanisms. Product analysis showed that OFDD was decomposed into hydroxylated PFDDs (OH-PFDDs) and hydroxylated polyfluorinated diphenyl ethers (OH-PFDEs) via hydroxyl substitution and (OH radical mediated or direct) C-O bond cleavage. Coupling elimination reaction was also observed, resulting in the formation of three-membered and four-membered ring compounds. According to the extracted peak areas in mass spectra and the energy barrier in potential energy surface, direct homolysis of C-O bond occurs as the dominant reaction pathway. This work could provide some new insights into the environmental fate of dioxin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiaoqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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87
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Chi H, Wang Z, He X, Zhang J, Wang D, Ma J. Activation of peroxymonosulfate system by copper-based catalyst for degradation of naproxen: Mechanisms and pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:54-64. [PMID: 31022620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic degradation by zero-valent metal (ZVM)-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems has drawn great attention in water treatment. Among various types of ZVM, zero-valent copper (ZVC) showed greatest activating capacity. However, the disadvantages of the released Cu2+ limit the practical utilization of ZVC. In this study, the activation capacity of four normal-sized copper catalysts, namely, copper sheet, graphene-copper sheet, copper foam, and graphene-copper foam, for PMS was investigated using Naproxen (NPX) as the probe compound. Results showed that the degradation efficiency of NPX increased by 10%, while the release of Cu2+ decreased by 30% by coating the copper with graphene. Stability tests showed that all of the four catalysts exhibited considerable stability in PMS activation. Furthermore, we found for the first time that the hydroxyl radical was the dominant species in the degradation of NPX rather than the sulfate radical, which was proved by ESR and radical scavenging experiments. Finally, six intermediates were identified by HPLC-MS/MS, and the degradation pathways were proposed. This study confirmed the feasibility of graphene coating on metals to achieve the enhancement of PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Xu He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Jianqiao Zhang
- Environmental Protection and Affairs Bureau of Shenzhen Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518003, China.
| | - Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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88
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Gao Y, Li G, Qin Y, Ji Y, Mai B, An T. New theoretical insight into indirect photochemical transformation of fragrance nitro-musks: Mechanisms, eco-toxicity and health effects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:68-75. [PMID: 31121517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of fragrance-associated synthetic musk is cause for serious concern due to their transformation and environmental impacts. In particular, nitro-musks are frequently detected in various matrices, including water, even though they were restricted because of carcinogenicity. Thus, using musk xylene as a model compound, the mechanism, eco-toxicity and health effects during OH-initiated transformation process were systematically studied using quantum chemistry and computational toxicology. Results indicate that musk xylene can be exclusively transformed via H-abstraction pathways from its methyl group, with total rate constants of 5.65 × 108-8.79 × 109 M-1 s-1, while the contribution of other pathways, including single-electron transfer and OH-addition pathways, were insignificant. The subsequent dehydrogenation intermediates (MX(H)) could further transform into cyclic, aldehyde and demethylation products. Based on toxicity assessments, all the transformation products exhibited decreased aquatic toxicity to fish in comparison with the parent musk xylene but they were still classified at toxic or very toxic levels, especially the cyclic products. More importantly, these products still exhibited carcinogenic activity during OH-initiated transformation and increased carcinogenicity relative to the parent musk xylene. This is the first time that the transformation mechanism and environmental impacts of nitro-musks have been explored through theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Gao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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89
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Tu N, Liu Y, Li R, Lv W, Liu G, Ma D. Experimental and theoretical investigation on photodegradation mechanisms of naproxen and its photoproducts. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:142-150. [PMID: 30986596 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical degradation of the pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has attracted increasing attention. In this study, a deep inspection of the photolysis mechanisms of naproxen and its photoproducts has been performed by employing experimental and theoretical methods. Contributions of different reactive oxygen species (ROS, such as OH, 1O2, and O2-) in the photolysis reaction also have been clarified. Based on the detected intermediates and DFT calculations, several photodegradation pathways of naproxen and its photoproducts have been proved. Furthermore, the deprotonated form of naproxen has been confirmed to be more reactive than the protonated one, and the lowest triplet state of naproxen is the reactive state. The decarboxylation mechanism of naproxen has been fully discussed. Meanwhile, the free energy barriers of OH-induced photolysis reactions (ΔG‡eff(1a) = 7.6 kcal mol-1, ΔG‡eff(4a) = 7.0 kcal mol-1) are much lower than the free energy barriers induced by O2- and 1O2. It proves that OH is the most favourable one among the three ROS. The similar inhabition rates and free energy barriers of reactions induced by O2- and 1O2, respectively, have demonstrated that O2- and 1O2 equally contribute to the degradation. Additionally, the computational results are coincident with the observed experimental findings. Hence, this work has verified a part of naproxen photodegradation mechanism under UV irradiation and brought about a rational way to investigate contributions of different ROS in the complex photochemical system of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Tu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China.
| | - Ruobai Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Dujuan Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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90
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Wang B, Ni BJ, Yuan Z, Guo J. Cometabolic biodegradation of cephalexin by enriched nitrifying sludge: Process characteristics, gene expression and product biotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:275-282. [PMID: 30959294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nitrifying systems have been reported to be able to biodegrade micropollutants, yet it is still unclear about the cometabolism of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) towards micropollutants, in particular their enzyme and transcriptional responses under exposure of micropollutants. This study investigated cometabolic biodegradation of a selected antibiotic, cephalexin (CFX), by an enriched nitrifying culture through a series of batch experiments, together with the assessments of enzymatic activity, key gene expression, and biotoxicity of the degradation products. More than 99% CFX with an initial concentration of 50 μg/L could be removed with the presence of ammonium, while <44% of CFX removal was observed in the absence of ammonium, suggesting the cometabolic degradation of CFX by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). After the addition of 50 μg/L CFX, the ammonia oxidizing rate (AOR) decreased from 36.6 to 11.0 mg N/(L·h·g VSS), followed by a slight recovery when CFX concentration decreased to below 8 μg/L. Ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity showed a similar trend with that of AOR. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay indicated that the expression level of amoA gene was significantly upregulated (up to 3-fold, p < 0.05) due to the addition of CFX, while decreased to the normal level once CFX was degraded, suggesting a mechanism of AOB to neutralize the toxicity of CFX by metabolizing ammonia more effectively. Meanwhile, the biotoxicity test showed the degradation products of CFX did not exhibit any antibacterial impacts in terms of cell viability, compared to the parent compounds. Our finding shed a light on AMO-mediated cometabolic biodegradation of antibiotics in nitrifying cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzheng Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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91
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Experimental and DFT studies of the removal of pharmaceutical metronidazole from water using polypyrrole. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-019-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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92
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Ge J, Huang D, Han Z, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z. Photochemical behavior of benzophenone sunscreens induced by nitrate in aquatic environments. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 153:178-186. [PMID: 30711793 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs), which are widely used UV filters, have aroused considerable public concern owing to their potential endocrine-disrupting activities. Herein, we systematically investigated their photochemical behavior and fate, which is mediated by nitrate in aquatic environments. The results showed that 10 μM of 3 BPs can be completely degraded within 4 h of simulated sunlight irradiation in a 10 mM nitrate solution at pH 8.0, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1) has a 31.6% mineralization rate after 12 h irradiation. Their photolytic rates (kobs) presented a significant linear correlation with the logarithmic values of the nitrate concentration for 0.1-10 mM (R2 > 0.98), and in three actual waters, the rates of BP-1 were also positively related to the intrinsic nitrate concentration. Furthermore, higher transformation rates under alkaline condition were observed, especially for BP-1, with its kobs at pH 10 being 8.3-fold higher than that at pH 6.0. Moreover, dissolved oxygen (DO) also has an impact on the reaction kinetics to some degree. According to the quenching experiments, we found that three reactive oxygen species (ROS), namely, •OH, •NO, and •NO2, participated in this photolysis of BPs, and the contribution of •OH accounted for 32.1%. Furthermore, we selected BP-1 as the model molecule to study the transformation pathways and toxicity changes in this system. Four main transformation pathways including hydroxylation, nitrosylation, nitration, and dimerization were proposed, based on liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis and density functional theory (DFT). According to the toxicity test, the formed intermediates were more toxic to Photobacterium phosphoreum than the parent BP-1. Therefore, these results can help reveal primary phototransformation mechanisms and evaluate the potential ecological risks of BPs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zerong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Xinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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93
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Dar AA, Wang X, Wang S, Ge J, Shad A, Ai F, Wang Z. Ozonation of pentabromophenol in aqueous basic medium: Kinetics, pathways, mechanism, dimerization and toxicity assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:546-555. [PMID: 30597362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation has been identified effective technique to degrade phenolic compounds, and production of intermediate dimers are major threat. In this study, we systematically investigated the degradation of Pentabromophenol (PBP) in an aqueous medium by using two different ozone generators (sources: air and water). We studied various factors that influenced the degradation kinetics of PBP, including the pH (7.0, 8.0, and 9.0), humic acid (HA) and anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, and HCO3-). PBP was efficiently degraded within 5 min (O3 source: water) and 45 min (O3 source: air) at pH 8.0 maintained by phosphate buffer. Reaction kinetics revealed 17 b y-products with five possible pathways, including dimers with their isomers and lower bromophenols. Furthermore, the frontier molecular orbital theory was employed to confirm the proposed ozonation pathways, including the breakage of the CO bond at C5 and C4 positions, and the cleavage of the CC bond at C3 and C6 position. Product P5, P14 (hydroxyl-nonabromophenyl ether) and P15 (dihydroxyl-octabromophenyl ether) were identified with isomers. Ecological Structure Activity Relationships toxicity assessment resulted into the conversion of highly toxic PBP (acute toxicity: LC50 = 0.11 mg L-1 for fish, LC50 = 0.124 mg L-1 for daphnia, and EC50 = 0.118 mg L-1 for green algae) to less harmful products aside from dimers. P14 (acute toxicity: LC50 = 1.04 × 105) found to be more toxic as compare to PBP. From these findings, we concluded that ozonation is an effective and ideal process for PBP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Ahmed Dar
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jiali Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Asam Shad
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Fuxun Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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94
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Yang Y, Li Y, Gu Z, Lu F, Xia S, Hermanowicz S. Quick start-up and stable operation of a one-stage deammonification reactor with a low quantity of AOB and ANAMMOX biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:933-941. [PMID: 30453263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a quick start-up of one-stage deammonification in an immobilized aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anoxic ammonium oxidizing (ANAMMOX) bacteria up-flow reactor (IAAR) was successfully achieved. With the aid of gel layers, AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria had excellent spatial distribution, theoretically meeting dissolved oxygen requirements for the simultaneous processes of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing. The results indicated that an IAAR containing 0.4 g-VSS L-1 immobilized biomass achieved a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.53 kg-N m-3 d-1 after only 10 days of operation and subsequently reached a maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRRmax) of 3.73 kg-N m-3 d-1. The micro-profiles of DO and pH were measured using microelectrodes to help understand the stratification of the microbial processes inside the gel layers. The distribution of AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria within the gel layers was verified using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. The community distribution in the FISH three-dimensional images closely corresponded to the micro-profiles of DO concentration and pH, enabling rapid adaptation and stable operation of the reactor seeded with a quite low quantity of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zaoli Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Slawomir Hermanowicz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Shenzhen, PR China
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95
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Cvetnić M, Novak Stankov M, Kovačić M, Ukić Š, Bolanča T, Kušić H, Rasulev B, Dionysiou DD, Lončarić Božić A. Key structural features promoting radical driven degradation of emerging contaminants in water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:38-48. [PMID: 30639906 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diverse contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) can be found in nowadays aquatic environment, possessing high potential to cause adverse ecological and human health effects. Due to their recalcitrance, conventional water treatment methods are shown to be inadequately effective. Thus, their upgrade by advanced oxidation processes, involving the generation of highly reactive species (HO and SO4-), is highly demanded. In order to assess the susceptibility of CECs by HO and SO4-, as well as to determine the corresponding reaction rate constants kHO and kSO4-, the complex experimental studies has to be maintained. The alternative is the application of modeling approaches which correlate structural characteristics with activities/properties of interest, i.e. quantitative structure activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR). In this study kHO and kSO4- of fifteen selected CECs were determined by competitive kinetics, and afterward used to elucidate key structural features promoting their degradation. In that purpose, QSPR models were constructed using multiple linear regression (MLR) combined with genetic algorithm (GA) approach. The models were submitted to the internal and external validation (using additional set of 17 CECs). Selected 3-variable models predicting kHO and kSO4- were characterized with high accuracy and predictivity (R2 = 0.876 and Q2 = 0.847 and R2 = 0.832 and Q2 = 0.778, respectively). Although selected models at the first sight include descriptors derived through complicated calculation procedures, their weighting schemes indicate on their relevance and transparency toward established reaction theories and differences regarding radical type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Novak Stankov
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovačić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šime Ukić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bolanča
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kušić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Ana Lončarić Božić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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96
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Peng J, Wang X, Yin F, Xu G. Characterizing the removal routes of seven pharmaceuticals in the activated sludge process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2437-2445. [PMID: 30292999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The removal routes of pharmaceuticals especially biodegradation routes in the activated sludge process are still unclear. Some studies indicated pharmaceuticals were mainly removed via nitrification process (autotrophic biodegradation), while others suggested pharmaceuticals were mainly removed via COD degradation process (heterotrophic biodegradation). These unclear problems limited the improvements of pharmaceuticals removal. In this study, in order to elucidate three biodegradation routes (nitrification, COD degradation, or both nitrification and COD degradation), autotrophic and heterotrophic reactors were individually developed to separate nitrification and COD degradation form the activated sludge process (mix-trophic process including nitrification and COD degradation). Furthermore, the pharmaceuticals removal routes of adsorption, hydrolysis, and oxidation were also studied. Among six degradable pharmaceuticals, heterotrophic biodegradation and adsorption were the major removal routes. Two sulfonamides of five antibiotics were predominantly removed by COD degradation process, while nitrification and adsorption had no contributions. Adsorption, hydrolysis, nitrification, and COD degradation were the main elimination routes of cefalexin. COD degradation and adsorption were the dominant removal routes of norfloxacin. Tetracycline was mainly removed by the adsorption route, and hydrolysis and oxidation also played a role. For two drugs, ibuprofen was removed mainly via nitrification and COD degradation, and no adsorption occurred. Diclofenac could not be removed at all and was persistent in the aerobic conditions. Kinetic studies showed that biodegradation of the two sulfonamides, cefalexin, norfloxacin, and ibuprofen followed first-order kinetics rather than zero-order or second-order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Peng
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Xingzu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Fengjun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Guihua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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97
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Illés E, Mizrahi A, Marks V, Meyerstein D. Carbonate-radical-anions, and not hydroxyl radicals, are the products of the Fenton reaction in neutral solutions containing bicarbonate. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:1-6. [PMID: 30458276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Fenton reaction, Fe(H2O)62+ + H2O2 → Oxidizing product, is of major importance in biology as the major cause of oxidative stress, and in advanced oxidation processes. It is commonly assumed that ·OH is the product of the Fenton reaction. The results presented herein point out that ·OH is indeed the oxidizing product in acidic solutions for [Fe(H2O)62+] > [H2O2]; FeIVaq is the active oxidizing product in neutral solutions; in slightly acidic solutions for [H2O2] > [Fe(H2O)62+] a mixture of ·OH and FeIVaq is formed. However CO3·- is the active oxidizing product in neutral solutions containing HCO3- even at low concentrations, i.e. under physiological conditions. The implications to our understanding of the origins of oxidative stress and of catalytic oxidations in advanced oxidation processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Illés
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amir Mizrahi
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vered Marks
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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98
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Liu L, Li J, Zhang H, Li L, Zhou P, Meng X, Guo M, Jia J, Sun T. In situ fabrication of highly active γ-MnO 2/SmMnO 3 catalyst for deep catalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and o-xylene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:178-186. [PMID: 30236939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
γ-MnO2, SmMnO3, and γ-MnO2/SmMnO3 catalysts were prepared by facile methods, wherein the SmMnO3 (SMO) perovskite was synthesized through one-step calcination and the γ-MnO2/SmMnO3 was formed by an in situ growth of γ-MnO2 on the surface of SMO. These materials ware characterized by XRD, SEM-mapping, N2-adsorption, XPS and H2-TPR to investigate their textural properties. Compared with that of SMO and γ-MnO2, the γ-MnO2/SMO shows better performance for catalytic oxidation of aromatic VOCs in wet air (10 vol.%), which may be attributed to its higher surface molar ratio of lattice oxygen to adsorbed oxygen (Olatt/Oads) and better low-temperature reducibility. Besides, for γ-MnO2/SMO catalyst, a successive oxidation route and the inner principle of BETX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and o-xylene) oxidation were also revealed via various tests and a comprehension of dynamics investigation. Meanwhile, the experiments under simulated realistic exhaust conditions displayed that the γ-MnO2/SmMnO3 is also a good catalyst with high stability for aromatic VOCs oxidation, and fulfilled endurability to high humidity (20 vol.%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Juexue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Pin Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Mingming Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Tonghua Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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99
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Gao L, Minakata D, Wei Z, Spinney R, Dionysiou DD, Tang CJ, Chai L, Xiao R. Mechanistic Study on the Role of Soluble Microbial Products in Sulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:342-353. [PMID: 30500178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of soluble microbial products (SMP), the most important component of effluent organic matter from municipal wastewater treatment plants, in sulfate radical (SO4•-)-based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) remains substantially unclear. In this study, we first utilized a suite of macro- and microanalytical techniques to characterize the SMP from a membrane bioreactor for its fundamental molecular, spectroscopic, and reactivity properties. The degradation kinetics of three representative pharmaceuticals (i.e., naproxen, gemfibrozil, and sulfadiazine) in the presence of SMP was significantly reduced as compared to in its absence. Possible mechanisms for the interference by SMP in degrading these target compounds (TCs) were investigated. The low percentage of bound TCs to SMP ruled out the cage effect. The measurement of steady-state 1O2 concentration indicated that formation of 1O2 upon UV irradiation on SMP was not primarily responsible for the degradation of TCs. However, the comparative and quenching results reveal that SMP absorbs UV light acting as an inner filter toward the TCs, and meanwhile scavenges SO4•- with a high second-order rate constant of 2.48 × 108 MC-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Daisuke Minakata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan 49931 , United States
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Department of Civil Engineering , Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE) , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221 , United States
| | - Chong-Jian Tang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution , Changsha , 410083 , China
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100
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Manoli K, Morrison LM, Sumarah MW, Nakhla G, Ray AK, Sharma VK. Pharmaceuticals and pesticides in secondary effluent wastewater: Identification and enhanced removal by acid-activated ferrate(VI). WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:272-280. [PMID: 30390508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to antibacterial drugs and pesticides in water is unprecedented. This may have adverse consequences to human health and ecological systems. This paper first sought the identification of a wide range of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in two secondary effluent wastewaters (SEW) of different quality characteristics, followed by their removal by ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI), FeO42-). Screening for 22 pharmaceuticals and 32 pesticides, revealed that 11 pharmaceuticals and 3 pesticides in SEW of plant A, and 14 pharmaceuticals and 5 pesticides in SEW of plant B were present at concentrations higher than the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method quantitation limit. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals and pesticides ranged from 0.15 ng/L-413.03 ng/L. Investigation of the removal of these pharmaceuticals and pesticides by Fe(VI) showed that some had recalcitrant activity towards their oxidation. Acid-activated Fe(VI) resulted in enhanced oxidation (12.6%-56.2% degradation efficiency) of 6 and 7 pharmaceuticals in SEW of plant A and plant B, respectively, at a shorter time than Fe(VI) without activation (i.e. 3-5 min versus 15-30 min). The degradation of 1 and 3 pesticides in SEW of plant A and plant B respectively, has also been enhanced by activating Fe(VI) (13.8%-86.2% degradation efficiency). Results on testing of organic matter characterization of treated SEW with and without acid-activated Fe(VI) treatment are also presented. Acid-activated Fe(VI) treatment has potential in enhancing the removal of micropollutants in real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Manoli
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Lucas M Morrison
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V4T3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V4T3, Canada
| | - George Nakhla
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Ajay K Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada.
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
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