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Rtibi K, Selmi S, Grami D, Saidani K, Sebai H, Amri M, Eto B, Marzouki L. Ceratonia siliqua L. (immature carob bean) inhibits intestinal glucose absorption, improves glucose tolerance and protects against alloxan-induced diabetes in rat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2664-2670. [PMID: 27739095 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the effects of immature carob pod aqueous extract (ICPAE) on intestinal glucose absorption in vitro and in vivo using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as the potential antidiabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. OGTT was carried by administration of glucose (2 g kg-1 , p.o.) and after treatment with extract (50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 body weight). Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg kg-1 ). However, the extracts at various doses or glibenclamide (GLB, 10 mg kg-1 body weight) were given by oral administration for 2 weeks. RESULTS ICPAE (50-2000 µg mL-1 ) exerted dose-dependent reduction of sodium-dependent glucose transport across isolated mice jejunum and the maximal inhibition exceeded 50%.The ICPAE treatment improved glucose tolerance. More importantly, ICPAE at various doses showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and biochemical profiles in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that the degree of maturity of carob characterized by a different phytochemical composition may be responsible for these actions. Therefore, these compounds may be used as a food supplement in hyperglycemia and diabetes treatments. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Grami
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Saidani
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratoires TransCell-Lab, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichât, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia
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Lavoie S, Côté I, Pichette A, Gauthier C, Ouellet M, Nagau-Lavoie F, Mshvildadze V, Legault J. Chemical composition and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity of extracts from Cornus canadensis. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:123. [PMID: 28228101 PMCID: PMC5322616 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many plants of boreal forest of Quebec have been used by Native Americans to treat a variety of microbial infections. However, the antiviral activities of these plants have been seldom evaluated on cellular models to validate their in vitro efficiencies. In this study, Cornus canadensis L. (Cornaceae), a plant used in Native American traditional medicine to treat possible antiviral infections, has been selected for further examination. METHODS The plant was extracted by decoction and infusion with water, water/ethanol 1:1 and ethanol to obtain extracts similar to those used by Native Americans. The effects of the extracts were tested on herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) using a plaque reduction assay. Moreover, bioassay-guided fractionation was achieved to isolate bioactive compounds. RESULTS Water/ethanol 1:1 infusion of C. canadensis leaves were the most active extracts to inhibit virus absorption with EC50 of about 9 μg mL-1, whereas for direct mode, both extraction methods using water or water/ethanol 1:1 as solvent were relatively similar with EC50 ranging from 11 to 17 μg mL-1. The fractionation led to the identification of active fractions containing hydrolysable tannins. Tellimagrandin I was found the most active compound with an EC50 of 2.6 μM for the direct mode and 5.0 μM for the absorption mode. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results presented in this work support the antiviral activity of Cornus canadensis used in Native American traditional medicine.
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Khallouki F, Breuer A, Merieme E, Ulrich CM, Owen RW. Characterization and quantitation of the polyphenolic compounds detected in methanol extracts of Pistacia atlantica Desf. fruits from the Guelmim region of Morocco. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 134:310-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Influence of Roasting on Sensory, Antioxidant, Aromas, and Physicochemical Properties of Carob Pod Powder (Ceratonia siliquaL.). J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/4193672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to compare physicochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, lipid composition, and sensory analysis of initial and roasted carob pod powder (Ceratonia siliquaL.) obtained at different roasting temperatures. The roasted products became darker and the average moisture content, water activity, oil content, and sweetness values decreased at higher temperatures. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity increased with increasing roasted temperature. Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the main fatty acids present in carob oil. Results showed that the roasted carob pod powders are sweeter, have more caramel-like taste, and have more cacao-like aroma at lower roasting temperatures but have more astringent taste, coffee-like aroma, and roasted aroma at higher roasting temperatures.
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Rached I, Barros L, Fernandes IP, Santos-Buelga C, Rodrigues AE, Ferchichi A, Barreiro MF, Ferreira ICFR. Ceratonia siliqua L. hydroethanolic extract obtained by ultrasonication: antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds profile and effects in yogurts functionalized with their free and microencapsulated forms. Food Funct 2016; 7:1319-28. [PMID: 26887343 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive extracts were obtained from powdered carob pulp through an ultrasound extraction process and then evaluated in terms of antioxidant activity. Ten minutes of ultrasonication at 375 Hz were the optimal conditions leading to an extract with the highest antioxidant effects. After its chemical characterization, which revealed the preponderance of gallotannins, the extract (free and microencapsulated) was incorporated in yogurts. The microspheres were prepared using an extract/sodium alginate ratio of 100/400 (mg mg(-1)) selected after testing different ratios. The yogurts with the free extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the samples added with the encapsulated extracts, showing the preserving role of alginate as a coating material. None of the forms significantly altered the yogurt's nutritional value. This study confirmed the efficiency of microencapsulation to stabilize functional ingredients in food matrices maintaining almost the structural integrity of polyphenols extracted from carob pulp and furthermore improving the antioxidant potency of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irada Rached
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. and Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal. and Rural Laboratory, National Institute of Agronomic of Tunisia, 43, Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Mahrajene, Tunisia
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. and Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Isabel P Fernandes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- GIP-USAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alírio E Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ali Ferchichi
- Rural Laboratory, National Institute of Agronomic of Tunisia, 43, Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Mahrajene, Tunisia
| | - Maria Filomena Barreiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
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Goulas V, Stylos E, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Mavromoustakos T, Tzakos AG. Functional Components of Carob Fruit: Linking the Chemical and Biological Space. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1875. [PMID: 27834921 PMCID: PMC5133875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of natural products to the drug-discovery pipeline has been remarkable since they have served as a rich source for drug development and discovery. Natural products have adapted, during the course of evolution, optimum chemical scaffolds against a wide variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Advances in high-throughput screening assays, assisted by the continuous development on the instrumentation's capabilities and omics, have resulted in charting a large chemical and biological space of drug-like compounds, originating from natural sources. Herein, we attempt to integrate the information on the chemical composition and the associated biological impact of carob fruit in regards to human health. The beneficial and health-promoting effects of carob along with the clinical trials and the drug formulations derived from carob's natural components are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos 3603, Cyprus.
| | - Evgenios Stylos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11571 Athens, Greece.
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Srour N, Daroub H, Toufeili I, Olabi A. Developing a carob-based milk beverage using different varieties of carob pods and two roasting treatments and assessing their effect on quality characteristics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3047-3057. [PMID: 26416256 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work aimed at formulating a carob-based milk beverage and assessing its chemical and sensory properties. Six varieties of carob pods, each processed into roasted and unroasted powders, were used to develop 12 prototypes of the beverage. Chemical and physico-chemical analyses (moisture, ash, fibre, protein, sugars, total-phenolics, total-antioxidants, water activity and colour) and sensory tests were conducted. RESULTS The variety of carob pod had a significant effect on all chemical variables in carob powders (P < 0.01), except for sugars, and when incorporated in the beverage, on moisture, total phenolics, total antioxidant activity and colour parameters (L, a, b; P-values < 0.001). Roasting treatment significantly increased fibre, total phenolics, total antioxidant activity (P-values < 0.001), fructose, glucose (P-values < 0.05), and a-value levels (P < 0.01), significantly lowered moisture (P < 0.05), water activity, L- and b-values (P-values < 0.001) in carob powders; and significantly increased the beverage's total phenolics, a-value (P-values < 0.001) and total antioxidant activity (P < 0.01). Roasting treatment significantly increased the beverage's acceptability ratings. Beverages formulated with roasted carob powder had higher ratings for level of residue, colour, caramel odour, mocha odour and flavour, roasted coffee odour and flavour, viscosity mouthfeel and bitter aftertaste. Principal component analysis was conducted; PC1 and PC2 separated attributes according to roasting treatment and variety of carob pods, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of Akkari roasted and Baladi Ikleem el Kharoob roasted to formulate a carob-based milk beverage is recommended. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Srour
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hamza Daroub
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imad Toufeili
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hadrich B, Dimitrov K, Kriaa K. Modelling Investigation and Parameters Study of Polyphenols Extraction from Carob (Ceratonia siliquaL.) Using Experimental Factorial Design. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Hadrich
- Biological Engineering Department; National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax; Tunisia
| | | | - Karim Kriaa
- Chemical and Process Engineering Department; National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes; Tunisia
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Sassi A, Bouhlel I, Mustapha N, Mokdad-Bzeouich I, Chaabane F, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Assessment in vitro of the genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity and antioxidant of Ceratonia siliqua L. extracts in murine leukaemia cells L1210 by comet assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 77:117-24. [PMID: 26946406 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of Ceratonia siliqua extracts, was investigated by assessing their capacity to induce nucleus DNA degradation of murine leukaemia cells L1210, using the "Comet assay". The ability of total oligomer flavonoids (TOF) and aqueous extracts to protect cell DNA against oxidative stress induced by H2O2, was performed by pre- co or post-treatment of cells with the before mentioned extracts for different periods preceding exposure to H2O2 stress. No significant genotoxic effect was detected at different exposure times, except at the lowest concentration of TOF extract (16.25 μg/ml). It appears that extracts decreased DNA damage, induced by H2O2. Both of TOF and aqueous extracts exhibited cellular antioxidant capacity, with EC50 values of respectively <16.25 and < 35 μg/ml, as well as, a protective capacity against lipidperoxidation inducing using L1210 cells line as a cellular model. MDA inhibition percentages reached 88.43% and 90.52% with respectively 35.5 μg/ml of TOF extract and 70 μg/ml of aqueous extract. Antioxidant properties of carob leaf extracts revealed by our study make a good antioxidant protection and thus a good candidate as food addition component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïcha Sassi
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Ines Bouhlel
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Nadia Mustapha
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Imen Mokdad-Bzeouich
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Fadwa Chaabane
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
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Rtibi K, Selmi S, Jabri MA, Mamadou G, Limas-Nzouzi N, Sebai H, El-Benna J, Marzouki L, Eto B, Amri M. Effects of aqueous extracts from Ceratonia siliqua L. pods on small intestinal motility in rats and jejunal permeability in mice. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03457h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was performed to assess the effects of carob pod aqueous extracts (CPAE, pulp, seeds or mixture) on gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and intestinal epithelium permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis
- Tunis 2092
- Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | | | | | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149 Biomedical Research Centre
- Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis
- Tunis 2092
- Tunisia
| | - Bruno Eto
- TransCell-Lab
- Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis
- Tunis 2092
- Tunisia
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El Bouzdoudi B, El Ansari ZN, Mangalagiu I, Mantu D, Badoc A, Lamarti A. Determination of Polyphenols Content in Carob Pulp from Wild and Domesticated Moroccan Trees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2016.714177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rtibi K, Jabri MA, Selmi S, Sebai H, Marie JC, Amri M, Marzouki L, El-Benna J. Preventive effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rat. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are a common mechanism of many gastrointestinal diseases such ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte
- 7021 Zarzouna
- Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Resssources
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja
- 382-9000 Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte
- 7021 Zarzouna
- Tunisia
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale
- Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale
- Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
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Nasar-Abbas SM, E-Huma Z, Vu TH, Khan MK, Esbenshade H, Jayasena V. Carob Kibble: A Bioactive-Rich Food Ingredient. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:63-72. [PMID: 33371575 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is well known for its valuable locust bean gum obtained from the carob seeds. Separation of seeds from the pod leaves behind the carob kibble which is a good source of dietary fiber, sugars, and a range of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and pinitol. Bioactive compounds present in carob kibble have been found to be beneficial in the control of many health problems such as diabetes, heart diseases, and colon cancer due to their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Carob kibble has substantial potential to be used as a food ingredient. This article focuses on the composition, health benefits, and food applications of carob kibble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Nasar-Abbas
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Univ, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Zill- E-Huma
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Univ, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,National Inst. of Food Science & Technology, Univ. of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Thi-Huong Vu
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Univ, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Muhammad Kamran Khan
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Univ, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Dept. of Food Science, Government College Univ. Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Wrestern Sydney Univ, Parramatta NSW 2150, Australia
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Inserra L, Luciano G, Bella M, Scerra M, Cilione C, Basile P, Lanza M, Priolo A. Effect of including carob pulp in the diet of fattening pigs on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of pork. Meat Sci 2015; 100:256-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Meziani S, Oomah BD, Zaidi F, Simon-Levert A, Bertrand C, Zaidi-Yahiaoui R. Antibacterial activity of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Microb Pathog 2014; 78:95-102. [PMID: 25489722 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetone and ethanol extracts of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) leaf and pods were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory ability against the pectinolytic Gram negative Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pca, CFBP-5384) bacteria, the causal agent of potato soft rot. Potato (Solanum tuberosum, var nicola) tuber rot tissues obtained after 5 day bacterial inoculation was analyzed by LC-MS and GC-MS to study Pca pathogenicity. Trans/cis N-feruloylputrescine was identified in potato tuber after 5-day inoculation with Pca in a dark moist chamber. Although glycoalkoloid (α-chaconine and α-solanine) production increased due to Pca soft rot infection, it was not a resistance-determining factor. Many secondary metabolites were identified including the phytoalexins solavetivone and fatty acids responsible for plant defence responses. Acetone extract of carob leaf (FCA) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.5 mg/ml) and displayed synergistic antimicrobial effect in the presence of infected potato tuber extract (Pdt-Pca extract) against Pca. This synergy could be used in an integrated control program against potato soft rot pathogens, thereby reducing chemical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïda Meziani
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, A. Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; Laboratory of Chemistry of Biomolecules and Environment (LCBE), University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - B Dave Oomah
- Formerly with the National Bioproducts and Bioprocesses Program, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Farid Zaidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, A. Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | | | - Cédric Bertrand
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Biomolecules and Environment (LCBE), University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Rachida Zaidi-Yahiaoui
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, A. Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria.
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66
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Chen J, Ge ZZ, Zhu W, Xu Z, Li CM. Screening of key antioxidant compounds of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seed extract by combining online fishing/knockout, activity evaluation, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9744-50. [PMID: 25220361 DOI: 10.1021/jf502995z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To figure out the key phenolic compounds accounting for the antioxidant effects of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seed extract, online fishing/knockout method, activity evaluation assays, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis were used jointly for the first time. p-Coumaric acid-glycoside, (S)-flavogallonic acid, ellagic acid derivative, and methyl-ellagic acid glucopyranoside were first identified in longan seeds. In addition, our study revealed that ellagic acid as well as its derivative and p-coumaric acid-glycoside had important contribution to the potent antioxidant activity of longan seed extract, while gallic acid, corilagin, (S)-flavogallonic acid, methyl-ellagic acid glucopyranoside, and ethyl gallate showed very little contribution to the total antioxidant activity of longan seed extract. The combining use of the online fishing/knockout method, activity evaluation assays, FT-ICR-MS, and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis is a useful and simple strategy for screening of key bioactive compounds from complex extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, and ‡Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
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Yang HH, Hwangbo K, Zheng MS, Cho JH, Son JK, Kim HY, Baek SH, Choi HC, Park SY, Kim JR. Quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide isolated from Polygonum aviculare inhibits cellular senescence in human primary cells. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1219-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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68
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Jung ES, Lee S, Lim SH, Ha SH, Liu KH, Lee CH. Metabolite profiling of the short-term responses of rice leaves (Oryza sativa cv. Ilmi) cultivated under different LED lights and its correlations with antioxidant activities. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 210:61-9. [PMID: 23849114 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling of rice leaves (Oryza sativa cv. Ilmi) was performed to investigate the short-term responses to different light-emitting diode (LED) lights, blue (B), green (G), red (R), white (W), shade (S), by using gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry (GC-IT-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with multivariate analysis. Clear grouping patterns of each light-grown sample, except G and W, were shown in partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Thirty-two primary metabolites and eleven secondary metabolites were selected and visualized using heatmap. Antioxidant activities of rice leaves followed the order B=W=G>R>S and isoorientin-2''-O-glucoside, isovitexin-2''-O-glucoside, isoorientin-2''-O-(6'''-ρ-coumaroyl)-glucoside, and isoscoparin-2''-O-glucoside showed similar relative differences and had higher Pearson's correlation coefficients than other metabolites in correlation network. According to the orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) between B and R, the levels of amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, and flavonoid glycosides were relatively high in B, whereas the glucose and fructose levels were high in R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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69
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Miś A, Dziki D. Extensograph curve profile model used for characterising the impact of dietary fibre on wheat dough. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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70
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Rababah TM, Al-u'datt M, Ereifej K, Almajwal A, Al-Mahasneh M, Brewer S, Alsheyab F, Yang W. Chemical, Functional and Sensory Properties of Carob Juice. J FOOD QUALITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfq.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taha M. Rababah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology; Jordan University of Science and Technology; PO Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Muhammad Al-u'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology; Jordan University of Science and Technology; PO Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Khalil Ereifej
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology; Jordan University of Science and Technology; PO Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences; College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Majdi Al-Mahasneh
- Department of Community Health Sciences; College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan Brewer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL
| | - Fawzi Alsheyab
- Faculty of Science and Arts; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Wade Yang
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department; University of Florida; Gainesville FL
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71
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Torun H, Ayaz FA, Colak N, Grúz J, Strnad M. Phenolic Acid Content and Free Radical-Scavenging Activity of Two Differently Processed Carob Tree (<i>Ceratonia siliqua</i> L.) Pod. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.45070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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72
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Arapitsas P. Hydrolyzable tannin analysis in food. Food Chem 2012; 135:1708-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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73
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Masoud MS, Hagagg SS, Ali AE, Nasr NM. Solvatochromic behavior of the electronic absorption spectra of gallic acid and some of its azo derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 94:256-264. [PMID: 22516126 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electronic absorption spectra of gallic acid and its azo derivatives have been studied in various solvents of different polarities. Multiple regression techniques were applied to calculate the regression and correlation coefficients based on an equation that relates the wavenumbers of the absorption band maxima (υ(max)(-)) to the solvent parameters; refractive index (n), dielectric constant (D), empirical Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters, π*(dipolarity/polarizability), α (solvent hydrogen-bond donor acidity) and β (solvent hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity). The fitting coefficient obtained from this analysis allows estimating the contribution of each type of interactions relative to total spectral shifts in solution. The dependence of υ(max)(-) on the solvent parameters indicates that the obtained bands are affected by specific and non-specific solute-solvent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh S Masoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Sudjaroen Y, Hull WE, Erben G, Würtele G, Changbumrung S, Ulrich CM, Owen RW. Isolation and characterization of ellagitannins as the major polyphenolic components of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) seeds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 77:226-237. [PMID: 22277734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour, syn. Euphoria longan Lam.) represents an important fruit in Northern Thailand and has significant economic impact. The fruit is either consumed fresh or as commercially prepared dried and canned products. The canning industry in Thailand produces considerable quantities of waste products, in particular Longan seeds. Because these seeds may be an exploitable source of natural phenolic antioxidants, it was of interest to identify, purify and quantitate the major potential antioxidant phenolics contained therein. The polyphenolic fraction from ground Longan seeds was obtained by extraction with methanol after delipidation with hexane. The hexane extract contained predominantly long-chain fatty acids with major contributions from palmitic (35%) and oleic (28%) acids. The polyphenolic fraction (80.90 g/kg dry weight) was dominated by ellagic acid (25.84 g/kg) and the known ellagitannins corilagin (13.31 g/kg), chebulagic acid (13.06 g/kg), ellagic acid 4-O-α-l-arabinofuranoside (9.93 g/kg), isomallotinic acid (8.56 g/kg) and geraniin (5.79 g/kg). Structure elucidation was performed with mass spectrometry and complete assignment of (1)H and (13)C NMR signals. The methanol extracts exhibited strong antioxidant capacities with an IC(50) of 154 μg/ml for reactive oxygen species attack on salicylic acid and 78 μg/ml for inhibition of xanthine oxidase in the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase assay. The extracts were less effective in the 2-deoxyguanosine assay (IC(50)=2.46 mg/ml), indicating that gallates along with ellagic acid and its congeners exert their potential antioxidant effects predominantly by precipitation of proteins such as xanthine oxidase. This was confirmed for the pure compounds gallic acid, methyl gallate, ellagic acid and corilagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuttana Sudjaroen
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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75
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Le NHT, Malterud KE, Diallo D, Paulsen BS, Nergård CS, Wangensteen H. Bioactive polyphenols in Ximenia americana and the traditional use among Malian healers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:858-62. [PMID: 22212502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ximenia americana is a medicinal bushy, spiny shrub or small tree used in Mali in West Africa for treatment of various diseases, most common are infectious and inflammatory ailments. AIMS OF THE STUDY (1) To perform an ethnopharmacological survey on the traditional use of Ximenia americana among healers in Mali. (2) To isolate and identify chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of Ximenia americana leaves and to study their radical scavenging and enzyme inhibitory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In five different districts in Mali, 38 healers were interviewed about their medicinal use of Ximenia americana. An aqueous ethanol extract of the leaves of this tree was prepared and further fractionated with liquid-liquid extraction, VersaFlash and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Isolated compounds were identified by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Extracts, subfractions and isolated compounds were investigated as DPPH radical scavengers and as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and 15-lipoxygenase. RESULTS Major areas of use by Malian healers were against throat infection, amenorrhea and as tonic. Fractionation of the ethanol extract led to the isolation and identification of the cyanogenic glycoside sambunigrin (1), which is previously known from the plant. Additionally, gallic acid (2) and the gallotannins β-glucogalline (3) and 1,6-digalloyl-β-glucopyranose (4) were found. The following flavonoids were isolated: quercetin (5), quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside) (6), avicularin (quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranoside) (7), quercetin-3-O-β-xylopyranoside (8), quercetin-3-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-glucopyranoside (9) and kaempferol-3-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-glucopyranoside (10). The flavonoids were active both as enzyme inhibitors and DPPH radical scavengers. CONCLUSION Sambunigrin (1) was the main compound in the EtOAc soluble fraction of the alcoholic extract of Ximenia americana leaves. Gallic acid (2), gallotannins (3-4) and flavonoids (5-10) were identified for the first time in the genus Ximenia. The identified compounds may give a rationale for the traditional use of Ximenia americana in Mali. Healers interviewed reported the use against throat infections, amenorrhea, as tonic, for wound healing and against pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Hao Tran Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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76
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Use of farinograph measurements for predicting extensograph traits of bread dough enriched with carob fibre and oat wholemeal. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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77
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Salem MM, Davidorf FH, Abdel-Rahman MH. In vitro anti-uveal melanoma activity of phenolic compounds from the Egyptian medicinal plant Acacia nilotica. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:1279-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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78
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Bernardo-Gil MG, Roque R, Roseiro LB, Duarte LC, Gírio F, Esteves P. Supercritical extraction of carob kibbles (Ceratonia siliqua L.). J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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79
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Hsouna AB, Saoudi M, Trigui M, Jamoussi K, Boudawara T, Jaoua S, Feki AE. Characterization of bioactive compounds and ameliorative effects of Ceratonia siliqua leaf extract against CCl₄ induced hepatic oxidative damage and renal failure in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3183-91. [PMID: 21996303 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua is a typical Mediterranean plant, mainly used in food and Tunisian traditional folk medicine. Among the tested extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction (EACs) exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoids content. The antioxidant activity in vitro systems showed a more significant potent free radical scavenging activity of this extract than other analysis fractions. The HPLC finger print of EACs active extract showed the presence of six phenolic compounds. The in vivo results showed that oral administration of CCl(4) enhanced levels of hepatic and renal markers (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, γ-GT, urea and creatinine) in the serum of experimental animals. It also increased the oxidative stress markers resulting in increased levels of the lipid peroxidation with a concomitant decrease in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx) in both liver and kidney. The pre-treatment of experimental rats with 250 mg/kg (BW) of the EACs, by intraperitoneal injection for 8 days, prevented CCl(4) induced disorders in the levels of hepatic and kidney markers. The biochemical changes were in accordance with histopathological observations suggesting a marked hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect of the EACs extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biopesticides Team (LPIP), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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80
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Custodio L, Fernandes E, Escapa AL, Fajardo A, Aligue R, Albericio F, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF, Romano A. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of carob tree fruit pulps are strongly influenced by gender and cultivar. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7005-12. [PMID: 21639092 DOI: 10.1021/jf200838f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from fruit pulps of six female cultivars and two hermaphrodite Portuguese carob trees [(Ceratonia siliqua L., Fabaceae)] exhibited strong antioxidant activity and were rich in phenolic compounds. The extracts decreased the viability of different human cancer cell lines on a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gender and cultivar significantly influenced the chemical content and the biological activities of the extracts. Extracts from hermaphrodite trees had a higher content of phenolic compounds, and exhibited higher antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Among females, cv. Aida had the highest radical scavenging activity and total content of phenolics, Mulata the highest capacity to inhibit lipid oxidation and Gasparinha the strongest cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells. The decrease in cell viability was associated with apoptosis on HeLa and MDA-MB-231 lines. (+)-Catechin and gallic acid (GA) were the main compounds identified in the extracts, and GA contributed to the antioxidant activity. Our results show that the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of carob tree fruit pulps are strongly influenced by gender and cultivar, and provide new knowledge about the advantages of hermaphrodite trees over female cultivars, namely, as a source of compounds with biological interest, which may represent an increase of their agronomic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Custodio
- University of Algarve , Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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81
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Antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, and total phenolic content of extracts from three genders of carob tree barks growing in Morocco. ARAB J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Agrawal A, Mohan M, Kasture S, Foddis C, Frau MA, Loi MC, Maxia A. Antidepressant activity ofCeratonia siliquaL. fruit extract, a source of polyphenols. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:450-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.527447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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83
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Miś A. Interpretation of mechanical spectra of carob fibre and oat wholemeal-enriched wheat dough using non-linear regression models. J FOOD ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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84
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Ortega N, Macià A, Romero MP, Reguant J, Motilva MJ. Matrix composition effect on the digestibility of carob flour phenols by an in-vitro digestion model. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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85
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Atawodi SE, Atawodi JC, Idakwo GA, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, Wurtele G, Bartsch H, Owen RW. Evaluation of the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks of Moringa oleifera Lam. J Med Food 2010; 13:710-6. [PMID: 20521992 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been shown to have both chemopreventive and/or therapeutic effects on cancer and other diseases related to oxidative damage. Moringa oleifera Lam., known in the Hausa and Igala languages of Nigeria as "Zogale" and "Gergedi," respectively, and drumstick in English, is a plant that is used both as food and in folkloric medicine in Nigeria and elsewhere. Different parts of the plant were analyzed for polyphenol content as well as in vitro antioxidant potential. The methanol extract of the leaves of M. oleifera contained chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin glucoside, and kaempferol rhamnoglucoside, whereas in the root and stem barks, several procyanidin peaks were detected. With the xanthine oxidase model system, all the extracts exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of 16, 30, and 38 microL for the roots, leaves, and stem bark, respectively. Similarly, potent radical scavenging capacity was observed when extracts were evaluated with the 2-deoxyguanosine assay model system, with IC(50) values of 40, 58, and 72 microL for methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks, respectively. The high antioxidant/radical scavenging effects observed for different parts of M. oleifera appear to provide justification for their widespread therapeutic use in traditional medicine in different continents. The possibility that this high antioxidant/radical scavenging capacity may impact on the cancer chemopreventive potential of the plant must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday E Atawodi
- Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
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86
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Pfundstein B, El Desouky SK, Hull WE, Haubner R, Erben G, Owen RW. Polyphenolic compounds in the fruits of Egyptian medicinal plants (Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia horrida): characterization, quantitation and determination of antioxidant capacities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1132-1148. [PMID: 20451939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four polyphenolic substances in methanol extracts of the fruits of Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia horrida, three plants used in Egyptian folk medicine, were initially identified by HPLC-ESI-MS and quantitated by analytical HPLC after column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. After purification by semi-preparative HPLC the compounds were identified by their mass and fragmentation patterns using ESI-MS-MS. For several compounds detailed 1H/13C NMR analysis at 600 MHz was performed. Two polyphenolics, namely 4-O-(4''-O-galloyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid and 4-O-(3'',4''-di-O-galloyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid were identified by NMR. Antioxidant capacities of the raw fruit extracts and the major isolated substances were determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in vitro assays and indicated that chebulic ellagitannins have high activity which may correlate with high potential as cancer chemopreventive agents. Therefore, further studies (metabolism, bioavailability and toxicity) of the polyphenolics in Terminalia species using preclinical models and in vivo human intervention trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Pfundstein
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)/National Tumor Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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87
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Ruiz-Roso Calvo de Mora B, Conde LPO. Avance de resultados sobre consumo de fibra en España y beneficios asociados a la ingesta de fibra insoluble. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1135-3074(10)70032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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88
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Atawodi S, Atawodi J, Idakwo P, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, Wurtele G, Spiegelhalder B, Bartsch H, Owen R. Evaluation of the Polyphenol Composition and Antioxidant Activity of African Variety ofDacryodes edulis(G.Don) H.J Lam Fruit. J Med Food 2009; 12:1321-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Atawodi
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J.C. Atawodi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - P. Idakwo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - B. Pfundstein
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Haubner
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Wurtele
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Spiegelhalder
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Bartsch
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R.W. Owen
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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89
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Atawodi S, Atawodi J, Idakwo G, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, Wurtele G, Spiegelhalder B, Bartsch H, Owen R. Polyphenol Composition and Antioxidant Potential ofHibiscus esculentusL. Fruit Cultivated in Nigeria. J Med Food 2009; 12:1316-20. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Atawodi
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J.C. Atawodi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - G.A. Idakwo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - B. Pfundstein
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Haubner
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Wurtele
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Spiegelhalder
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Bartsch
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R.W. Owen
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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90
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Shabtay A, Hadar Y, Eitam H, Brosh A, Orlov A, Tadmor Y, Izhaki I, Kerem Z. The potential of Pleurotus-treated olive mill solid waste as cattle feed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:6457-6464. [PMID: 19683915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to follow: (1) the capability of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus to degrade cell wall components and soluble phenols of the olive mill solid waste (OMSW), and improve it for ruminant nutrition (2) the fate of oil and the lipid-soluble compounds tocopherols, squalene and beta-sitosterol in the fermented OMSW. A significant decrease in oil and lipid-soluble compounds with a concomitant shift in the fatty acid profile and degradation of soluble phenols took place already after 14 d. The utilization of lipids by the fungus shifted the degradation of the structural carbohydrates to a later stage, and significantly reduced the metabolizable energy of the OMSW. We propose that edible fungi with reduced lipase activity would preserve the energy and health promoting ingredients of the oil, and force the fungus to degrade structural carbohydrates, thus improving its digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Shabtay
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science and Genetics, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
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91
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Şahin H, Topuz A, Pischetsrieder M, Özdemir F. Effect of roasting process on phenolic, antioxidant and browning properties of carob powder. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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92
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Ortega N, Macià A, Romero MP, Trullols E, Morello JR, Anglès N, Motilva MJ. Rapid determination of phenolic compounds and alkaloids of carob flour by improved liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7239-44. [PMID: 19624131 DOI: 10.1021/jf901635s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An improved chromatographic method was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify phenolic compounds and alkaloids, theobromine and caffeine, in carob flour samples. The developed method has been validated in terms of speed, sensitivity, selectivity, peak efficiency, linearity, reproducibility, limits of detection, and limits of quantification. The chromatographic method allows the identification and quantification of 20 phenolic compounds, that is, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and their aglycone and glucoside forms, together with the determination of the alkaloids, caffeine and theobromine, at low concentration levels all in a short analysis time of less than 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nàdia Ortega
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-UTPV, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agraria Universidad de Lleida, Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Spain
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93
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94
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Adelekan AM, Prozesky EA, Hussein AA, Ureña LD, van Rooyen PH, Liles DC, Meyer JJM, Rodríguez B. Bioactive diterpenes and other constituents of Croton steenkampianus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1919-1922. [PMID: 18855442 DOI: 10.1021/np800333r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new indanone derivative (1) and two new diterpenoids (2 and 3), together with three known flavonoids, have been isolated from an ethanol extract of the leaves of Croton steenkampianus. The structure of 2 was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, whereas those of 1 and 3 were established mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. Antiplasmodial assays against chloroquine-susceptible strains (D10 and D6) and the chloroquine-resistant strains (Dd2 and W2) of Plasmodium falciparum showed that compound 2 gave moderate activities at 9.1-15.8 μM, while none of the compounds were cytotoxic against Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeboye M Adelekan
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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95
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Klenow S, Glei M, Haber B, Owen R, Pool-Zobel B. Carob fibre compounds modulate parameters of cell growth differently in human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells than in LT97 colon adenoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1389-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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96
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Khoufi S, Aloui F, Sayadi S. Extraction of antioxidants from olive mill wastewater and electro-coagulation of exhausted fraction to reduce its toxicity on anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 151:531-9. [PMID: 17629620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction was used in order to recover phenolic compounds from centrifuged olive mill wastewater (OMW), a polluting by-product of olive oil production process, and to reduce their toxicity for a subsequent aerobic or anaerobic digestion. Phenolic compounds were identified in untreated and treated OMW by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental results of ethyl acetate extraction showed that the monomers recovery efficiency was over 90%. This pre-treatment resulted in the removal of the major LMM phenolic compounds and a small part of HMM polyphenols. The aerobic treatment of the exhausted OMW fraction removed 78.7% of the soluble COD. In the case of anaerobic digestion at OLR ranged from 1 to 3.5 gCOD l(-1)day(-1), methanisation process exhibited high methane yield as 0.3 l CH4 produced per g COD introduced and high COD removal (80%). However, a disruption of the process was observed when the OLR was increased to 4.5 gCODl(-1)day(-1). A pre-treatment by electro-coagulation resulted in decreasing the toxicity and enhancing the performance of methanisation operated at higher OLR from 4 to 7.5 gCODl(-1)day(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Khoufi
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. K, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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97
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Jovel EM, Zhou XL, Ming DS, Wahbe TR, Towers GHN. Bioactivity-guided isolation of the active compounds from Rosa nutkana and quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid by HPLC. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 85:865-71. [PMID: 18066132 DOI: 10.1139/y07-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rosa nutkana Presl. (Rosaceae) is distributed abundantly throughout central and southern areas of British Columbia, Canada. Aboriginal people in the Pacific Northwest have traditionally used R. nutkana as a food, medicine, and source of cultural material. The methanolic extract of the fruits of R. nutkana was previously found to have inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In our study, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract from R. nutkana led to the isolation of the following 10 compounds: (i) tormentic acid, (ii) euscaphic acid, (iii) ursolic acid, (iv) maslinic acid, (v) quercetin, (vi) catechin gallate, (vii) quercetin-3-O-glucoside, (viii) 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucoside, (ix) L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and (x) 1,6-digalloyl-beta-D-glucoside. Structures were elucidated by ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance data, as well as by comparison with those of the literature. The compounds quercetin, catechin gallate, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucoside, and 1,6-digalloyl-beta-D-glucoside exhibited weak antibacterial activity against MRSA. Our research demonstrates the value of traditional knowledge held by Aboriginal people in the Pacific Northwest with respect to uses of R. nutkana. Some described uses in the ethnobotanical literature correspond to activities observed under laboratory conditions. Further work on British Columbia Rosa spp. may contribute to identifying other potential therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Jovel
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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98
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Alali FQ, Tawaha K, El-Elimat T, Syouf M, El-Fayad M, Abulaila K, Nielsen SJ, Wheaton WD, Falkinham JO, Oberlies NH. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Jordanian plants: an ICBG project. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:1121-31. [PMID: 17852749 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701590285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As part of an International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) program to study Jordan's biodiversity, the relative levels of antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of aqueous and methanolic extracts of a total of 95 plant species, all of Jordanian origin and those collected at random, have been measured. The total phenolic content of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the investigated plant species ranged from 4.4 to 78.3 mg and from 2.1 to 52.8 mg gallic acid equivalents g(-1) dry weight, respectively, while the total antioxidant capacity ranged from 20.0 to 916.7 and from 15.1 to 915.6 micromol Trolox equivalents g(-1) dry weight, respectively. Based on this collection, approximately 5% of assayed plants showed high levels of antioxidant activity. There was a significant linear correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content for aqueous and methanolic extracts, suggesting that phenolic compounds were the predominant antioxidant components in the investigated plant species. Interestingly, a few of the collected plants had high-antioxidant activity yet "low" phenolic content includes Ceratonia siliqua and Viscum cruciatum. These plants may serve as sources of antioxidants with new chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Q Alali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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99
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Atawodi SEO, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, Spiegelhalder B, Bartsch H, Owen RW. Content of polyphenolic compounds in the Nigerian stimulants Cola nitida ssp. alba, Cola nitida ssp. rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl and their antioxidant capacity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9824-9828. [PMID: 17979235 DOI: 10.1021/jf0721038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Varieties of kola nuts (Cola nitida alba, Cola nitida rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl), a group of popular Nigerian and West African stimulants, were analyzed for their content of secondary plant metabolites. The three varieties of the kola nuts contained appreciable levels of (+)-catechin (27-37 g/kg), caffeine (18-24 g/kg), (-)-epicatechin (20-21 g/kg), procyanidin B 1 [epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-catechin] (15-19 g/kg), and procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin] (7-10 g/kg). Antioxidant capacity of the extracts and purified metabolites was assessed by two HPLC-based and two colorimetric in vitro assays. Extracts of all varieties exhibited antioxidant capacity with IC 50 values in the range 1.70-2.83 and 2.74-4.08 mg/mL in the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase and 2-deoxyguanosine HPLC-based assays, respectively. Utilization of HPLC-based assays designed to reflect in situ generation of free radicals (e.g., HO(*)), as opposed to general assays (DPPH, FRAP) in common use which do not, indicate that, of the major secondary plant metabolites present in kola nut extracts, caffeine is potentially the more effective cancer chemopreventive metabolite in terms of its antioxidant capacity.
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100
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Gruendel S, Garcia AL, Otto B, Wagner K, Bidlingmaier M, Burget L, Weickert MO, Dongowski G, Speth M, Katz N, Koebnick C. Increased acylated plasma ghrelin, but improved lipid profiles 24-h after consumption of carob pulp preparation rich in dietary fibre and polyphenols. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:1170-7. [PMID: 17640415 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507777127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that a polyphenol-rich insoluble dietary fibre preparation from carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L; carob fibre) decreased postprandial acylated ghrelin, TAG and NEFA during an acute liquid meal challenge test. However, delayed effects of carob fibre consumption are unknown. Therefore, a randomized controlled crossover study in nineteen healthy volunteers consuming foods with or without 50 g carob fibre was conducted. On the subsequent day (day 2), glucose, TAG, total and acylated ghrelin as well as insulin, NEFA and leptin were assessed at baseline and at timed intervals for 300 min after ingestion of standardized bread. Consumption of carob fibre-enriched foods did not affect fasting concentrations of glucose, TAG, total ghrelin, NEFA, insulin and leptin. Fasting acylated ghrelin was increased on the day subsequent to carob fibre consumption compared with control (P = 0.046). After consumption of the standard bread on day 2, glucose response (P = 0.029) was increased, and TAG (P = 0.033) and NEFA (P < 0.001) responses were decreased compared with control. Postprandial responses of total and acylated ghrelin, insulin and leptin on day 2 were unaffected by carob fibre consumption the previous day. In conclusion, an increase in total and acylated plasma ghrelin accompanied by enhanced lipid metabolism after carob fibre consumption suggests higher lipid utilization and suppressed lipolysis on the day subsequent to carob fibre consumption. However, elevated glucose levels after carob fibre consumption need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Gruendel
- Dietary Fibre and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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