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Sahoo R, Chauhan TKS, Lalhmangaihzuali L, Sinha E, Qureshi S, Mahawar M. Pan msr gene deleted strain of Salmonella Typhimurium suffers oxidative stress, depicts macromolecular damage and attenuated virulence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21852. [PMID: 38071209 PMCID: PMC10710478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella encounters but survives host inflammatory response. To defend host-generated oxidants, Salmonella encodes primary antioxidants and protein repair enzymes. Methionine (Met) residues are highly prone to oxidation and convert into methionine sulfoxide (Met-SO) which compromises protein functions and subsequently cellular survival. However, by reducing Met-SO to Met, methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) enhance cellular survival under stress conditions. Salmonella encodes five Msrs which are specific for particular Met-SO (free/protein bound), and 'R'/'S' types. Earlier studies assessed the effect of deletions of one or two msrs on the stress physiology of S. Typhimurium. We generated a pan msr gene deletion (Δ5msr) strain in S. Typhimurium. The Δ5msr mutant strain shows an initial lag in in vitro growth. However, the Δ5msr mutant strain depicts very high sensitivity (p < 0.0001) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chloramine T (ChT) and superoxide-generating oxidant paraquat. Further, the Δ5msr mutant strain shows high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls, and protein aggregation. On the other side, the Δ5msr mutant strain exhibits lower levels of free amines. Further, the Δ5msr mutant strain is highly susceptible to neutrophils and shows defective fitness in the spleen and liver of mice. The results of the current study suggest that the deletions of all msrs render S. Typhimurium highly prone to oxidative stress and attenuate its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Sahoo
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | | | | | - Esha Sinha
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Salauddin Qureshi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Manish Mahawar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
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Tack B, Vita D, Ntangu E, Ngina J, Mukoko P, Lutumba A, Vangeluwe D, Toelen J, Allegaert K, Lunguya O, Ravinetto R, Jacobs J. Challenges of Antibiotic Formulations and Administration in the Treatment of Bloodstream Infections in Children Under Five Admitted to Kisantu Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1245-1259. [PMID: 37903440 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe bacterial infections in children need prompt, appropriate antibiotic treatment. We report challenges observed within a prospective, cohort study on antibiotic efficacy in non-typhi Salmonella bloodstream infection (NCT04850677) in Kisantu district hospital (Democratic Republic of Congo). Children (aged > 28 days to < 5 years) admitted with suspected bloodstream infection (August 1, 2021 through July 31, 2022) were enrolled and followed until day 3 or discharge for non-typhi Salmonella patients. Antibiotics were administered to 98.4% (1,838/1,867) of children, accounting for 2,296 antibiotic regimens (95.7% intravenous, 4.3% oral). Only 78.3% and 61.8% of children were, respectively, prescribed and administered antibiotics on the admission day. At least one dose was not administered in 3.6% of children, mostly because of mismatch of the four times daily cefotaxime schedule with the twice-daily administration rounds. Inappropriate intravenous administration practices included multidose use, air-venting, and direct injection instead of perfusion. There was inaccurate aliquoting in 18.0% (32/178) of intravenous ciprofloxacin regimens, and thus administered doses were > 16% below the intended dose. Dosing accuracy of oral suspensions was impaired by lack of instructions for reconstitution, volume indicators, and/or dosing devices. Adult-dose tablets were split without/beyond scoring lines in 84.4% (27/32) of tablets. Poor availability and affordability of age-appropriate oral formulations contributed to low proportions of intravenous-to-oral switch (33.3% (79/237) of non-typhi Salmonella patients). Other quality issues included poor packaging, nonhomogeneous suspensions, and unsafe water for reconstitution. In conclusion, poor antibiotic products (no age-appropriate formulations, poor quality and access), processes (delayed prescription/administration, missed doses), and practices (inaccurate doses, [bio]safety risks) must be urgently addressed to improve pediatric antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Tack
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Vita
- Saint Luc Hôpital Général de Référence Kisantu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Emmanuel Ntangu
- Saint Luc Hôpital Général de Référence Kisantu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Japhet Ngina
- Saint Luc Hôpital Général de Référence Kisantu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pathy Mukoko
- Saint Luc Hôpital Général de Référence Kisantu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Adèle Lutumba
- Saint Luc Hôpital Général de Référence Kisantu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jaan Toelen
- Department of Pediatrics, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Octavie Lunguya
- Department of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Medical Biology, University Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Raffaella Ravinetto
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Belgium
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53
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McFarlane JA, Hansen EG, Ortega EC, Iskender I, Noireaux V, Bowden SD. A ToxIN homolog from Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis impairs bacteriophage infection. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad299. [PMID: 38059866 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if the bacteriophage abortive infection system ToxIN is present in foodborne Salmonella and if it protects against infection by bacteriophages specific to enteric bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS A set of foodborne Salmonella enteritidis isolates from a 2010 eggshell outbreak was identified via BLASTN (basic local alignment search tool nucleotide) queries as harboring a close homolog of ToxIN, carried on a plasmid with putative mobilization proteins. This homolog was cloned into a plasmid vector and transformed into the laboratory strain Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and tested against a set of Salmonella-specific phages (FelixO1, S16, Sp6, LPST153, and P22 HT105/1 int-201). ToxIN reduced infection by FelixO1, S16, and LPST153 by ∼1-4 log PFU ml-1 while reducing the plaque size of Sp6. When present in LT2 and Escherichia coli MG1655, ToxIN conferred cross-genus protection against phage isolates, which infect both bacteria. Finally, the putative ToxIN plasmid was found in whole-genome sequence contigs of several Salmonella serovars, pathogenic E. coli, and other pathogenic enterobacteria. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella and E. coli can resist infection by several phages via ToxIN under laboratory conditions; ToxIN is present in foodborne pathogens including Salmonella and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McFarlane
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eleanore G Hansen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Estephany C Ortega
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Irem Iskender
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Vincent Noireaux
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven D Bowden
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Hajra D, Nair AV, Chakravortty D. Decoding the invasive nature of a tropical pathogen of concern: The invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella strains causing host-restricted extraintestinal infections worldwide. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127488. [PMID: 37716125 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasive-Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) are the major cause of health concern in the low-income, under-developed nations in Africa and Asia that lack proper sanitation facilities. Around 5% of the NTS cases give rise to invasive, extraintestinal diseases leading to focal infections like osteomyelitis, meningitis, osteoarthritis, endocarditis and neonatal sepsis. iNTS serovars like S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Dublin, S. Choleraesuis show a greater propensity to become invasive than others which hints at the genetic basis of their emergence. The major risk factors attributing to the invasive diseases include immune-compromised individuals having co-infection with malaria or HIV, or suffering from malnutrition. The rampant use of antibiotics leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains poses a great challenge in disease management. An extensive understanding of the iNTS pathogenesis and its epidemiology will open up avenues for the development of new vaccination and therapeutic strategies to restrict the spread of this neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipasree Hajra
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, India
| | - Abhilash Vijay Nair
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, India
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Pradhan J, Pradhan D, Sahu JK, Mishra S, Mallick S, Das S, Negi VD. A novel rspA gene regulates biofilm formation and virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106432. [PMID: 37926364 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria and belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Although much has been known about Salmonella pathogenesis, the functional characterizations of certain genes are yet to be explored. The rspA (STM14_1818) is one such gene with putative dehydratase function, and its role in pathogenesis is unknown. The background information showed that rspA gene is upregulated in Salmonella when it resides inside macrophages, which led us to investigate its role in Salmonella pathogenesis. We generated the rspA knockout strain and complement strain in S. Typhimurium 14028. Ex-vivo and in-vivo infectivity was looked at macrophage and epithelial cell lines and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The mutant strain differentially formed the biofilm at different temperatures by altering the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of cellulose and curli. Besides, the mutant strain is hyperproliferative intracellularly and showed increased bacterial burden in C. elegans. The mutant strain became more infectious and lethal, causing faster death of the worms than the wild type, and also modulates the worm's innate immunity. Thus, we found that the rspA deletion mutant was more pathogenic. In this study, we concluded that the rspA gene differentially regulates the biofilm formation in a temperature dependent manner by modulating the genes involved in the synthesis of cellulose and curli and negatively regulates the Salmonella virulence for longer persistence inside the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pradhan
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Diana Pradhan
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Jugal Kishor Sahu
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Satyajit Mishra
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Swarupa Mallick
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Vidya Devi Negi
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Esfandiari N, Farkhani EM, Sharifi L, Bokaie S. Typhoid and Non-Typhoid Salmonellosis Related Mortality in Iran, National Data from the Ministry of Health. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 52:2686-2694. [PMID: 38435768 PMCID: PMC10903324 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i12.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Despite the declining trend, salmonellosis is still an important preventable cause of death in Iran and the world, especially in certain age and occupational subgroups, and the need for preventive measures, especially raising awareness of at-risk groups, is necessary. Methods Data were obtained from the Ministry of Health covering the years 2013 to 2019. The data were then stratified by year, season, month, and province of death as well as sex, age group, belonging to rural vs. urban communities and cause of death and were then analyzed using SPSS to report differences in age, sex, seasonal patterns, and spatial distribution. Results Non-typhoid salmonellosis (NTS) and typhoid were recorded as the cause of 800 and 32 deaths, respectively, with the highest number in 2015 and 2013. Septicemia was the cause of 87.3% of deaths due to NTS, whereas typhoid was the cause of 62.5% of its respective cases. The highest percentage of death related to both occurred in spring (P<0.001). NTS mortality rates were higher in the 70-80 and 80-90 age groups, while typhoid mortality was greatest in the under 10 yr age group. NTS mortality was higher in urban while typhoid mortality was higher in rural areas (P<0.001). Most deaths occurred in Ardabil, Sistan and Baluchistan and Khorasan Razavi provinces and Sistan and Baluchistan, West Azerbaijan and Khorasan Razavi related to NTS and typhoid, respectively. Conclusion Salmonella remains a preventable cause of death, especially among the elderly and children, the data gathered in this study provides important information for priority setting in specific subpopulations and food safety policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Esfandiari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mosa Farkhani
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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57
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Brittenham GM, Moir-Meyer G, Abuga KM, Datta-Mitra A, Cerami C, Green R, Pasricha SR, Atkinson SH. Biology of Anemia: A Public Health Perspective. J Nutr 2023; 153 Suppl 1:S7-S28. [PMID: 37778889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our goal is to present recent progress in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying anemia from a public health perspective. We describe important advances in understanding common causes of anemia and their interactions, including iron deficiency (ID), lack of other micronutrients, infection, inflammation, and genetic conditions. ID develops if the iron circulating in the blood cannot provide the amounts required for red blood cell production and tissue needs. ID anemia develops as iron-limited red blood cell production fails to maintain the hemoglobin concentration above the threshold used to define anemia. Globally, absolute ID (absent or reduced body iron stores that do not meet the need for iron of an individual but may respond to iron supplementation) contributes to only a limited proportion of anemia. Functional ID (adequate or increased iron stores that cannot meet the need for iron because of the effects of infection or inflammation and does not respond to iron supplementation) is frequently responsible for anemia in low- and middle-income countries. Absolute and functional ID may coexist. We highlight continued improvement in understanding the roles of infections and inflammation in causing a large proportion of anemia. Deficiencies of nutrients other than iron are less common but important in some settings. The importance of genetic conditions as causes of anemia depends upon the specific inherited red blood cell abnormalities and their prevalence in the settings examined. From a public health perspective, each setting has a distinctive composition of components underlying the common causes of anemia. We emphasize the coincidence between regions with a high prevalence of anemia attributed to ID (both absolute and functional), those with endemic infections, and those with widespread genetic conditions affecting red blood cells, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and regions in Asia and Oceania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Brittenham
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Gemma Moir-Meyer
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelvin Mokaya Abuga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Ananya Datta-Mitra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carla Cerami
- The Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ralph Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Diagnostic Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and Clinical Haematology at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sarah H Atkinson
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Aguilera M, Tobar-Calfucoy E, Rojas-Martínez V, Norambuena R, Serrano MJ, Cifuentes O, Zamudio MS, San Martín D, Lara P, Sabag A, Zabner M, Tichy D, Camejo P, León L, Pino M, Ulloa S, Rojas F, Pieringer C, Muster C, Castillo D, Ferreira N, Avendaño C, Canaval M, Pieringer H, Cifuentes P, Cifuentes Muñoz N. Development and characterization of a bacteriophage cocktail with high lytic efficacy against field-isolated Salmonella enterica. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103125. [PMID: 37879168 PMCID: PMC10618821 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is a prevalent pathogen that causes great public health concern worldwide. Bacteriophage-based cocktails have arisen as an alternative to antibiotics to inhibit the growth of Salmonella. However, the bactericidal effect of bacteriophage cocktails in vivo largely differs from their observed effect in vitro. This is partly because in vitro developments of cocktails do not always consider the bacterial diversity nor the environmental conditions where bacteriophages will have to replicate. Here, we isolated and sequenced 47 bacteriophages that showed variable degrees of lytic activity against 258 Salmonella isolates from a commercial broiler company in Brazil. Three of these bacteriophages were characterized and selected to assemble a cocktail. In vitro quantitative assays determined the cocktail to be highly effective against multiple serovars of Salmonella, including Minnesota and Heidelberg. Remarkably, the in vitro lytic activity of the cocktail was retained or improved in conditions that more closely resembled the chicken gut, such as anaerobiosis, 42°C, and Salmonella mono-strain biofilms. Analysis of bacterial cross-resistance between the 3 bacteriophages composing the cocktail revealed limited or no generation of cross-resistance. Our results highlight the relevance of an optimized flux of work to develop bacteriophage cocktails against Salmonella with high lytic efficacy and strong potential to be applied in vivo in commercial broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Aguilera
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Tobar-Calfucoy
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Rojas-Martínez
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Norambuena
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesús Serrano
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Onix Cifuentes
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Sofía Zamudio
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel San Martín
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pabla Lara
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Sabag
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Zabner
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Tichy
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Camejo
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis León
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Pino
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Ulloa
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Rojas
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Pieringer
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Muster
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Castillo
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Ferreira
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Avendaño
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Canaval
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hans Pieringer
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cifuentes
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Cifuentes Muñoz
- PhageLab Chile SpA, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Centro de Innovación Anacleto Angelini 5th floor, Santiago, Chile..
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Suwanthada P, Kongsoi S, Miura N, Belotindos LP, Piantham C, Toyting J, Akapelwa ML, Pachanon R, Koide K, Kim H, Thapa J, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. The Impact of Substitutions at Positions 1 and 8 of Fluoroquinolones on the Activity Against Mutant DNA Gyrases of Salmonella Typhimurium. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:552-560. [PMID: 37792363 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many drug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections are reported globally, their treatment is challenging owing to the ineffectiveness of the currently available antimicrobial drugs against resistant bacteria. It is therefore essential to discover novel antimicrobial drugs for the management of these infections. In this study, we report high inhibitory activities of the novel fluoroquinolones (FQs; WQ-3810 and WQ-3334) with substitutions at positions R-1 by 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl and R-8 by methyl group or bromine, respectively, against wild-type and mutant DNA gyrases of Salmonella Typhimurium. The inhibitory activities of these FQs were assessed against seven amino acid substitutions in DNA gyrases conferring FQ resistance to S. Typhimurium, including high-level resistant mutants, Ser83Ile and Ser83Phe-Asp87Asn by in vitro DNA supercoiling assay. Drug concentrations of WQ compounds with 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl that suppressed DNA supercoiling by 50% (IC50) were found to be ∼150-fold lower than ciprofloxacin against DNA gyrase with double amino acid substitutions. Our findings highlight the importance of the chemical structure of an FQ drug on its antimicrobial activity. Particularly, the presence of 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl at R-1 and either methyl group or bromine at R-8 of WQ-3810 and WQ-3334, respectively, was associated with improved antimicrobial activity. Therefore, WQ-3810 and WQ-3334 are promising candidates for use in the treatment of patients infected by FQ-resistant Salmonella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pondpan Suwanthada
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nami Miura
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lawrence P Belotindos
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Research for Development Division, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Science City of Munoz, Philippines
| | - Chayada Piantham
- Division of Bioinformatics, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jirachaya Toyting
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mwangala L Akapelwa
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ruttana Pachanon
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development: HU-IVRe, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development: HU-IVRe, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Bernal JF, Díaz PL, Perez-Sepulveda BM, Valencia-Guerrero MF, Clavijo V, Weisner M, Montaño LA, Arevalo SA, León IM, Castellanos LR, Underwood A, Duarte C, Argimón S, Moreno J, Aanensen D, Donado-Godoy P. A One Health approach based on genomics for enhancing the Salmonella enterica surveillance in Colombia. IJID REGIONS 2023; 9:80-87. [PMID: 38020187 PMCID: PMC10630622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to provide evidence of the domestic benefits of introducing an integrative genomic analysis from the One Health approach in the national surveillance of Salmonella enterica between 1997-2017 in Colombia. Methods Data on Salmonella from clinical laboratory-based surveillance between 1997-2017 and from a national cross-sectional study at chicken retail stores in Colombia were compared using a phenotypic, molecular, and genomic approaches. Additional analysis by serovar using single nucleotide polymorphism was developed to increase the resolution of the relatedness between the interfaces. Results Locally, the diversity and pathogenic factors of the prevalent S. enterica serovars associated with foodborne disease in Colombia were described using laboratory, pulse field gel electrophoresis, and whole genome sequencing data. For example, the resolution of pulse field gel electrophoresis allowed the description of two main foodborne clusters of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates, which were expanded to eight foodborne clades using whole genome sequencing. Likewise, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance determinants, and mobile genetic elements that converged in the foodborne clades should be considered a public health concern in Colombia. All results by serovar were compiled in an interactive easy to share report. Conclusion Whole genome sequencing is a technology that provides a precise assessment of emerging foodborne risks such as the Salmonella foodborne clades, but it requires an integrative and continued collaboration between the stakeholders across the One Health sectors to promote appropriated actions and policies in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F. Bernal
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA) - C.I Tibaitata, Global Health Research Unit on antimicrobial resistance (GHRU)-AMR and Colombian Integrated Program of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (COIPARS), Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Paula L. Díaz
- Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Grupo de Microbiología, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Blanca M. Perez-Sepulveda
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences (IVES), Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - María Fernanda Valencia-Guerrero
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA) - C.I Tibaitata, Global Health Research Unit on antimicrobial resistance (GHRU)-AMR and Colombian Integrated Program of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (COIPARS), Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Viviana Clavijo
- University of the Andes, Department of Biological Sciences, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Magdalena Weisner
- Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Grupo de Microbiología, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | | | - Stefany A. Arevalo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA) - C.I Tibaitata, Global Health Research Unit on antimicrobial resistance (GHRU)-AMR and Colombian Integrated Program of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (COIPARS), Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Ingrid Maribel León
- Texas A&M University, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College Station, USA
| | | | - Anthony Underwood
- University of Oxford, Global Health Research Unit (GHRU)-AMR, Big Data Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Duarte
- Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Grupo de Microbiología, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Silvia Argimón
- University of Oxford, Global Health Research Unit (GHRU)-AMR, Big Data Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime Moreno
- Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Grupo de Microbiología, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - David Aanensen
- University of Oxford, Global Health Research Unit (GHRU)-AMR, Big Data Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Donado-Godoy
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA) - C.I Tibaitata, Global Health Research Unit on antimicrobial resistance (GHRU)-AMR and Colombian Integrated Program of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (COIPARS), Mosquera, Colombia
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Thilliez G, Mashe T, Chaibva BV, Robertson V, Bawn M, Tarupiwa A, Takawira FT, Kock MM, Midzi S, Mwamakamba LW, Matheu J, Juru A, Kingsley RA, Ehlers MM. Population structure of Salmonella enterica Typhi in Harare, Zimbabwe (2012-19) before typhoid conjugate vaccine roll-out: a genomic epidemiology study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e1005-e1014. [PMID: 37952554 PMCID: PMC10686908 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continued emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, with ever increasing antimicrobial resistance, necessitates the use of vaccines in endemic countries. A typhoid fever outbreak in Harare, Zimbabwe, in 2018 from a multidrug resistant S Typhi with additional resistance to ciprofloxacin was the catalyst for the introduction of a typhoid conjugate vaccine programme. We aimed to investigate the emergence and evolution of antimicrobial resistance of endemic S Typhi in Zimbabwe and to determine the population structure, gene flux, and sequence polymorphisms of strains isolated before a typhoid conjugate vaccine programme to provide a baseline for future evaluation of the effect of the vaccination programme. METHODS In this genomic epidemiology study, we used short-read whole-genome sequencing of S Typhi isolated from clinical cases of typhoid fever in Harare, Zimbabwe, between Jan 1, 2012, and Feb 9, 2019, to determine the S Typhi population structure, gene flux, and sequence polymorphisms and reconstructed the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Maximum likelihood time-scaled phylogenetic trees of Zimbabwe isolates in the context of global isolates obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information were constructed to infer spread and emergence of antimicrobial resistance. FINDINGS The population structure of S Typhi in Harare, Zimbabwe, from 2012 to 2019 was dominated by multidrug resistant genotype 4.3.1.1.EA1 (H58) that spread to Zimbabwe from neighbouring countries in around 2009 (95% credible interval 2008·5-2010·0). Acquisition of an IncN plasmid carrying antimicrobial resistance genes including a qnrS gene and a mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region of gyrA gene contributed to non-susceptibility and resistance to quinolone antibiotics. A minority population of antimicrobial susceptible S Typhi genotype 3.3.1 strains were present throughout. INTERPRETATION The currently dominant S Typhi population is genotype 4.3.1.1 that spread to Zimbabwe and acquired additional antimicrobial resistance though acquisition of a plasmid and mutation in the gyrA gene. This study provides a baseline population structure for future evaluation of the effect of the typhoid conjugate vaccine programme in Harare. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Institute Strategic Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Thilliez
- Microbes and Food Safety, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Tapfumanei Mashe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe; World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | | | - Valerie Robertson
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Matt Bawn
- Microbes and Food Safety, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK; Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew Tarupiwa
- National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Faustinos T Takawira
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Lusubilo W Mwamakamba
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Agnes Juru
- National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Robert A Kingsley
- Microbes and Food Safety, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
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Hanumunthadu B, Kanji N, Owino N, Ferreira Da Silva C, Robinson H, White R, Ferruzzi P, Nakakana U, Canals R, Pollard AJ, Ramasamy M. Salmonella Vaccine Study in Oxford (SALVO) trial: protocol for an observer-participant blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of the iNTS-GMMA vaccine within a European cohort. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072938. [PMID: 37963701 PMCID: PMC10649500 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellosis (iNTS) is mainly caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis and is estimated to result in 77 500 deaths per year, disproportionately affecting children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae serovars are increasingly acquiring resistance to first-line antibiotics, thus an effective vaccine would be a valuable tool in reducing morbidity and mortality from infection. While NTS livestock vaccines are in wide use, no licensed vaccines exist for use in humans. Here, a first-in-human study of a novel vaccine (iNTS-GMMA) containing S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis Generalised Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) outer membrane vesicles is presented. METHOD AND ANALYSIS The Salmonella Vaccine Study in Oxford is a randomised placebo-controlled participant-observer blind phase I study of the iNTS-GMMA vaccine. Healthy adult volunteers will be randomised to receive three intramuscular injections of the iNTS-GMMA vaccine, containing equal quantities of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis GMMA particles adsorbed on Alhydrogel, or an Alhydrogel placebo at 0, 2 and 6 months. Participants will be sequentially enrolled into three groups: group 1, 1:1 randomisation to low dose iNTS-GMMA vaccine or placebo; group 2, 1:1 randomisation to full dose iNTS-GMMA vaccine or placebo; group 3, 2:1 randomisation to full dose or lower dose (dependant on DSMC reviews of groups 1 and 2) iNTS-GMMA vaccine or placebo.The primary objective is safety and tolerability of the vaccine. The secondary objective is immunogenicity as measured by O-antigen based ELISA. Further exploratory objectives will characterise the expanded human immune profile. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for this study has been obtained from the South Central-Oxford A Research Ethics Committee (Ethics REF:22/SC/0059). Appropriate documentation and regulatory approvals have been acquired. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed articles and conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EudraCT Number: 2020-000510-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brama Hanumunthadu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Nasir Kanji
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Nelly Owino
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Carla Ferreira Da Silva
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Rachel White
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Rocio Canals
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Maheshi Ramasamy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
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Fajardo-Lubian A, Venturini C. Use of Bacteriophages to Target Intracellular Pathogens. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S423-S432. [PMID: 37932114 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) have shown great potential as natural antimicrobials against extracellular pathogens (eg, Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae), but little is known about how they interact with intracellular targets (eg, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Mycobacterium spp.) in the mammalian host. Recent research has demonstrated that phages can enter human cells. However, for the design of successful clinical applications, further investigation is required to define their subcellular behavior and to understand the complex biological processes that underlie the interaction with their bacterial targets. In this review, we summarize the molecular evidence of phage internalization in eucaryotic cells, with specific focus on proof of phage activity against their bacterial targets within the eucaryotic host, and the current proposed strategies to overcome poor penetrance issues that may impact therapeutic use against the most clinically relevant intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fajardo-Lubian
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney ID Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carola Venturini
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lamar F, Mucache HN, Mondlane-Milisse A, Jesser KJ, Victor C, Fafetine JM, Saíde JÂO, Fèvre EM, Caruso BA, Freeman MC, Levy K. Quantifying Enteropathogen Contamination along Chicken Value Chains in Maputo, Mozambique: A Multidisciplinary and Mixed-Methods Approach to Identifying High Exposure Settings. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117007. [PMID: 37962439 PMCID: PMC10644898 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-scale poultry production is widespread and increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Exposure to enteropathogens in poultry feces increases the hazard of human infection and related sequela, and the burden of disease due to enteric infection in children < 5 y in particular is substantial. Yet, the containment and management of poultry-associated fecal waste in informal settings in LMICs is largely unregulated. OBJECTIVES To improve the understanding of potential exposures to enteropathogens carried by chickens, we used mixed methods to map and quantify microbial hazards along production value chains among broiler, layer, and indigenous chickens in Maputo, Mozambique. METHODS To map and describe the value chains, we conducted 77 interviews with key informants working in locations where chickens and related products are sold, raised, and butchered. To quantify microbial hazards, we collected chicken carcasses (n = 75 ) and fecal samples (n = 136 ) from chickens along the value chain and assayed them by qPCR for the chicken-associated bacterial enteropathogens C. jejuni/coli and Salmonella spp. RESULTS We identified critical hazard points along the chicken value chains and identified management and food hygiene practices that contribute to potential exposures to chicken-sourced enteropathogens. We detected C. jejuni/coli in 84 (76%) of fecal samples and 52 (84%) of carcass rinses and Salmonella spp. in 13 (11%) of fecal samples and 16 (21%) of carcass rinses. Prevalence and level of contamination increased as chickens progressed along the value chain, from no contamination of broiler chicken feces at the start of the value chain to 100% contamination of carcasses with C. jejuni/coli at informal markets. Few hazard mitigation strategies were found in the informal sector. DISCUSSION High prevalence and concentration of C. jejuni/coli and Salmonella spp. contamination along chicken value chains suggests a high potential for exposure to these enteropathogens associated with chicken production and marketing processes in the informal sector in our study setting. We identified critical control points, such as the carcass rinse step and storage of raw chicken meat, that could be intervened in to mitigate risk, but regulation and enforcement pose challenges. This mixed-methods approach can also provide a model to understand animal value chains, sanitary risks, and associated exposures in other settings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11761.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederica Lamar
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Kelsey J. Jesser
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Courtney Victor
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - José M. Fafetine
- Veterinary Faculty, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Biotechnology Centre, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Eric M. Fèvre
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bethany A. Caruso
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew C. Freeman
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Levy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Vinueza-Burgos C, Medina-Santana J, Maldonado R, Vásquez Y, Lincango L, Villagomez E, Gómez C, Ron-Garrido L, Cevallos-Almeida MB. Evaluation of Virulence of Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis with In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:484-491. [PMID: 37668605 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Infantis and Enteritidis serovars have been reported as important causes of salmonellosis in humans worldwide. However, the virulence of these two serovars has yet to be compared. To evaluate the virulence of Salmonella Infantis (n = 23) and Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 7), we used two models: the Caco2 cells model (in vitro) and the Galleria mellonella model (in vivo). Additionally, the virulence genes of all tested strains were contrasted with phenotypic outcomes. Results showed that adhesion means were 18.2% for Salmonella Enteritidis and 38.2% for Salmonella Infantis strains. Invasion means were 77.1% for Salmonella Enteritidis and 56.2% for Salmonella Infantis strains. Significant differences were found between serovars in adherence and invasion assays. Mortality rates (58% for Salmonella Enteritidis and 62.6% for Salmonella Infantis) were not significantly different between serotypes. The distribution of virulence genes showed that genes fae (fimbrial adherence determinants) and shdA (nonfimbrial adherence determinants) were only found in Salmonella Infantis strains. On the other hand, the rck gene (invasion) and Plasmid-encoded fimbriae genes (pef A, B, C, D) were present in Salmonella Enteritidis exclusively. In conclusion, this study shows that Salmonella Enteritidis has a higher virulence potential under experimental conditions than Salmonella Infantis. However, more studies are needed to determine the risk that Salmonella Infantis could represent compared with Salmonella Enteritidis. Moreover, other in vivo models should be considered to assess the virulence of these serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jose Medina-Santana
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ruben Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal Agencia de Regulación y Control Fito y Zoosanitario, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yuly Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lisseth Lincango
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emilia Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Ron-Garrido
- Centro Internacional de Zoonosis, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Belén Cevallos-Almeida
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Yousefi MH, Wagemans J, Shekarforoush SS, Vallino M, Pozhydaieva N, Höfer K, Lavigne R, Hosseinzadeh S. Isolation and molecular characterization of the Salmonella Typhimurium orphan phage Arash. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:297. [PMID: 37858092 PMCID: PMC10585845 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current threat of multidrug resistant strains necessitates development of alternatives to antibiotics such as bacteriophages. This study describes the isolation and characterization of a novel Salmonella Typhimurium phage 'Arash' from hospital wastewater in Leuven, Belgium. Arash has a myovirus morphology with a 95 nm capsid and a 140 nm tail. The host range of Arash is restricted to its isolation host. Approximately 86% of the phage particles are adsorbed to a host cell within 10 min. Arash has latent period of 65 min and burst size of 425 PFU/cell. Arash has a dsDNA genome of 180,819 bp with GC content of 53.02% with no similarities to any characterized phages, suggesting Arash as a novel species in the novel 'Arashvirus' genus. Arash carries no apparent lysogeny-, antibiotic resistance- nor virulence-related genes. Proteome analysis revealed 116 proteins as part of the mature phage particles of which 27 could be assigned a function. Therefore, the present findings shed light on the morphological, microbiological and genomic characteristics of Arash and suggest its potential application as therapeutic and/or biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashem Yousefi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946- 84471, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Shahram Shekarforoush
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946- 84471, Iran
| | - Marta Vallino
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Turin, 10135, Italy
| | - Nadiia Pozhydaieva
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, SYNMIKRO, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 16, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Katharina Höfer
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, SYNMIKRO, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 16, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946- 84471, Iran.
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Hagedoorn NN, Murthy S, Birkhold M, Marchello CS, Crump JA. Prevalence and distribution of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serogroups and serovars isolated from normally sterile sites: A global systematic review. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 152:e4. [PMID: 37850326 PMCID: PMC10789991 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To inform coverage by potential vaccines, we aimed to systematically review evidence on the prevalence and distribution of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serogroups and serovars. We searched four databases from inception through 4 June 2021. Articles were included that reported at least one non-typhoidal S. enterica strain by serogroup or serovar isolated from a normally sterile site. Of serogrouped isolates, we pooled the prevalence of serogroup O:4, serogroup O:9, and other serogroups using random-effects meta-analyses. Of serotyped isolates, we pooled the prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium (member of serogroup O:4), Salmonella Enteritidis (member of serogroup O:9), and other serovars. Of 82 studies yielding 24,253 serogrouped isolates, the pooled prevalence (95% CI) was 44.6% (36.2%-48.2%) for serogroup O:4, 45.5% (37.0%-49.1%) for serogroup O:9, and 9.9% (6.1%-13.3%) for other serogroups. Of serotyped isolates, the pooled prevalence (95%CI) was 36.8% (29.9%-44.0%) for Salmonella Typhimurium, 37.8% (33.2%-42.4%) for Salmonella Enteritidis, and 18.4% (11.4%-22.9%) for other serovars. Of global serogrouped non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from normally sterile sites, serogroup O:4 and O:9 together accounted for 90%, and among serotyped isolates, serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis together accounted for 75%. Vaccine development strategies covering serogroups O:4 and O:9, or serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, have the potential to prevent the majority of non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shruti Murthy
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan Birkhold
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - John A. Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Alvarez DM, Barrón-Montenegro R, Conejeros J, Rivera D, Undurraga EA, Moreno-Switt AI. A review of the global emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 403:110297. [PMID: 37406596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is an emergent foodborne and zoonotic Salmonella serovar with critical implications for global health. In recent years, the prevalence of S. Infantis infections has increased in the United States, Europe, and Latin America, due to contaminated chicken and other foods. An essential trait of S. Infantis is its resistance to multiple antibiotics, including the critically important third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones, undermining effective medical treatment, particularly in low-resource settings. We describe the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Infantis, focusing on humans, animals, the environment, and food. We conducted a systematic review (1979-2021), selected 183 studies, and analyzed the origin, source, antimicrobial resistance, and presence of a conjugative plasmid of emerging S. Infantis (pESI) in reported isolates. S. Infantis has been detected worldwide, with a substantial increase since 2011. We found the highest number of isolations in the Americas (42.9 %), Europe (29.8 %), Western Pacific (17.2 %), Eastern Mediterranean (6.6 %), Africa (3.4 %), and South-East Asia (0.1 %). S. Infantis showed MDR patterns and numerous resistant genes in all sources. The primary source of MDR S. Infantis is broiler and their meat; however, this emerging pathogen is also present in other reservoirs such as food, wildlife, and the environment. Clinical cases of MDR S. Infantis have been reported in children and adults. The global emergence of S. Infantis is related to a plasmid (pESI) with antibiotic and arsenic- and mercury-resistance genes. Additionally, a new megaplasmid (pESI-like), carrying blaCTX-M-65 and antibiotic-resistant genes reported in an ancestral version, was detected in the broiler, human, and chicken meat isolates. Strains harboring pESI-like were primarily observed in the Americas and Europe. MDR S. Infantis has spread globally, potentially becoming a major public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Alvarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Barrón-Montenegro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Conejeros
- Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Dácil Rivera
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A Undurraga
- Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile; Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile; CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program, CIFAR, 661 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Andrea I Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Depew CE, McSorley SJ. The role of tissue resident memory CD4 T cells in Salmonella infection: Implications for future vaccines. Vaccine 2023; 41:6426-6433. [PMID: 37739887 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella infections cause a wide range of intestinal and systemic disease that affects global human health. While some vaccines are available, they do not mitigate the impact of Salmonella on endemic areas. Research using Salmonella mouse models has revealed the important role of CD4 T cells and antibody in the development of protective immunity against Salmonella infection. Recent work points to a critical role for hepatic tissue-resident memory lymphocytes in naturally acquired immunity to systemic infection. Thus, understanding the genesis and function of this Salmonella-specific population is an important objective and is the primary focus of this review. Greater understanding of how these memory lymphocytes contribute to bacterial elimination could suggest new approaches to vaccination against an important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Depew
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Kahsay AG, Dejene TA, Kassaye E. A Systematic review on Prevalence, Serotypes and Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in Ethiopia, 2010-2022. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6703-6715. [PMID: 37854471 PMCID: PMC10581021 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s424345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Ethiopia, salmonellosis is one of the most common zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Ethiopia continues to be at risk for its fast-expanding medication resistance. For the development of preventative and control methods, summarized knowledge regarding salmonellosis is necessary. Determining a thorough evaluation of the prevalence, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in humans and animals from January 1, 2010, to December 30, 2022, in Ethiopia was our goal. Methods To find Salmonella related articles that published in English, we used the Google Scholar and PubMed search engines. Three researchers conducted the eligible studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, making sure to include the necessary keywords. If studies were duplicates, incomplete publications, or reported without an antimicrobial test were excluded. Excel 2013 was used to calculate frequencies and tabulate data. Results There were a total of 43 investigations from food handlers, diarrhoeic patients, and animals. The prevalence rates ranged from 1% to 10% and 1% to 13% among food handlers and diarrhoea patients, respectively. The highest prevalence was among pigs (41.6%). S. Anatum in animals and S. Typhimurium in people were the predominant serotypes. Amoxicillin and ampicillin were claimed to be 100% resistant in human studies. The highest recorded resistances for ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were 16.7% and 100%, respectively. Animal studies revealed that Salmonella resistances to ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline were 100%, 90%, 86.4%, respectively. S. Kentucky showed complete resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin. Conclusion The prevalence of Salmonella among asymptomatic food handlers, diarrheal patients and animals were high in Ethiopia. S. Typhimurium that have the zoonotic importance was presented predominantly in human study. High levels of resistances were showed to tetracycline, ampicillin and streptomycin in animal studies. Salmonellosis prevention and control techniques should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsehaye Asmelash Dejene
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Enquebaher Kassaye
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Microbiology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Abramov VM, Kosarev IV, Machulin AV, Deryusheva EI, Priputnevich TV, Panin AN, Chikileva IO, Abashina TN, Manoyan AM, Ahmetzyanova AA, Ivanova OE, Papazyan TT, Nikonov IN, Suzina NE, Melnikov VG, Khlebnikov VS, Sakulin VK, Samoilenko VA, Gordeev AB, Sukhikh GT, Uversky VN. Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 Strain: Probiotic Properties and Anti- Salmonella Effect with Prebiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1535. [PMID: 37887236 PMCID: PMC10604316 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 (LS7247) strain, originally isolated from a healthy woman's intestines and reproductive system, has been studied for its probiotic potential, particularly against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) as well as its potential use in synbiotics. LS7247 showed high tolerance to gastric and intestinal stress and effectively adhered to human and animal enterocyte monolayers, essential for realizing its probiotic properties. LS7247 showed high anti-Salmonella activity. Additionally, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) of LS7247 exhibited anti-Salmonella activity, with a partial reduction upon neutralization with NaOH (p < 0.05), suggesting the presence of anti-Salmonella factors such as lactic acid (LA) and bacteriocins. LS7247 produced a high concentration of LA, reaching 124.0 ± 2.5 mM after 48 h of cultivation. Unique gene clusters in the genome of LS7247 contribute to the production of Enterolysin A and metalloendopeptidase. Notably, LS7247 carries a plasmid with a gene cluster identical to human intestinal strain L. salivarius UCC118, responsible for class IIb bacteriocin synthesis, and a gene cluster identical to porcine strain L. salivarius P1ACE3, responsible for nisin S synthesis. Co-cultivation of LS7247 with SE and ST pathogens reduced their viability by 1.0-1.5 log, attributed to cell wall damage and ATP leakage caused by the CFS. For the first time, the CFS of LS7247 has been shown to inhibit adhesion of SE and ST to human and animal enterocytes (p < 0.01). The combination of Actigen prebiotic and the CFS of LS7247 demonstrated a significant combined effect in inhibiting the adhesion of SE and ST to human and animal enterocytes (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the potential of using the LS7247 as a preventive strategy and employing probiotics and synbiotics to combat the prevalence of salmonellosis in animals and humans caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of SE and ST pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Abramov
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Kosarev
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Priputnevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Panin
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
| | - Irina O. Chikileva
- Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health RF, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana N. Abashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ashot M. Manoyan
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
| | - Anna A. Ahmetzyanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
| | - Olga E. Ivanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
| | | | - Ilia N. Nikonov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim K. Sakulin
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, 142380 Lyubuchany, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Samoilenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey B. Gordeev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Falay D, Hardy L, Bonebe E, Mattheus W, Ngbonda D, Lunguya O, Jacobs J. Intestinal carriage of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella among household members of children with Salmonella bloodstream infection, Kisangani, DR Congo. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1241961. [PMID: 37901802 PMCID: PMC10602682 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS), mainly Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, causes a severe burden in sub-Saharan Africa; however, its reservoir (animal or environmental) is unclear. The present study assessed healthy household members of index patients for intestinal carriage of Salmonella. Methods Index patients were admitted to the University Hospital of Kisangani (DR Congo), and Salmonella was grown from blood cultures. Household members were asked to provide three stool samples for culture for Salmonella. Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis isolates from index patients, and household members were assessed for genetic relatedness using the multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and the multilocus sequence type (ST) was determined by whole genome sequencing. Results Between May 2016 and January 2020, 22 households were visited. The index patient serotypes were Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Typhi, and Paratyphi C; II:42:r:-; and I:7:y:- (n = 8, 7, 5, and each 1, respectively). The median (range) delay between the index patient and household sampling was 25 days (2 days to 7.3 months); 203 household members provided at least one stool sample. In all, 15 (7.3%) Salmonella carriers were found in nine of 22 households. For one index patient, the household comprised S. Typhimurium in four household members, including the index patient, sampled 27 days after bloodstream infection; the MLVA types of these five isolates were similar. They belonged to ST313 lineage 2 and were closely related [0-1 allelic distance (AD) among the stool isolates and eight AD with the blood culture isolate]. In another household, the stool culture of the index patient (obtained 67 days after bloodstream infection) grew S. Enteritidis of the same MLVA type; both isolates belonged to the ST11 Central/Eastern African clade and were closely related (three AD). Discussion The present study provides evidence of household clustering of S. Typhimurium ST313 and intestinal carriage of iNTS several weeks after bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi Falay
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liselotte Hardy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edmonde Bonebe
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Wesley Mattheus
- Division of Human Bacterial Diseases, Sciensano, Uccle, Belgium
| | - Dauly Ngbonda
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Octavie Lunguya
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sears KT, Nasrin S, Baliban SM, Council DN, Pasetti MF, Tennant SM. Evaluation of Three Candidate Live-Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Vaccines to Prevent Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infection in an Infant Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1562. [PMID: 37896965 PMCID: PMC10610874 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, including in the United States, where infants show the highest incidence amongst all age groups. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most frequently isolated serovars from NTS infections. We have developed several candidate live-attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccines to prevent NTS infection. The goal of the current study was to assess three live S. Typhimurium vaccine strains (CVD 1921, CVD 1921 ∆htrA and CVD 1926, which have two, three and four gene deletions, respectively) with various levels of reactogenicity and immunogenicity in infant BALB/c mice to predict how they would perform following peroral immunization of infants. We first tested intranasal immunization of 14-day-old mice with three doses delivered at 1-week intervals and evaluated antibody responses and protection against lethal infection with wild-type S. Typhimurium. The vaccines were administered to 14-day-old mice via the peroral route at 1- or 2-week intervals and to 28-day-old mice at 2-week intervals. The three vaccine strains were immunogenic following intranasal immunization of infant mice with vaccine efficacies of 80% (CVD 1921), 63% (CVD 1921 ∆htrA) and 31% (CVD 1926). In contrast, peroral immunization of 14-day-old mice yielded much poorer protection against lethal infection and only immunization of 28-day-old mice at 2-week intervals showed similar protective capacity as intranasal administration (CVD 1921: 83%, CVD 1921 ∆htrA: 43% and CVD 1926: 58%). CVD 1921 was consistently more protective than both CVD 1921 ∆htrA and CVD 1926, regardless of the route of vaccination, immunization schedule and age of mice. Anti-LPS serum IgG responses were similar between the three strains and did not correlate with protection. Due to previously observed reactogenicity of CVD 1921, CVD 1921 ∆htrA and CVD 1926 are our preferred vaccines, but these data show that further improvements would need to be made to achieve suitable protection in young infants when using peroral immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandra T. Sears
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.S.); (S.M.B.); (M.F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shamima Nasrin
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.S.); (S.M.B.); (M.F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Scott M. Baliban
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.S.); (S.M.B.); (M.F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Danielle N. Council
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.S.); (S.M.B.); (M.F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.S.); (S.M.B.); (M.F.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sharon M. Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.S.); (S.M.B.); (M.F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Chung The H, Pham P, Ha Thanh T, Phuong LVK, Yen NP, Le SNH, Vu Thuy D, Chau TTH, Le Phuc H, Ngoc NM, Vi LL, Mather AE, Thwaites GE, Thomson NR, Baker S, Pham DT. Multidrug resistance plasmids underlie clonal expansions and international spread of Salmonella enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- ST34 in Southeast Asia. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1007. [PMID: 37789208 PMCID: PMC10547704 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- (Typhimurium monophasic variant) of sequence type (ST) 34 has emerged as the predominant pandemic genotype in recent decades. Despite increasing reports of resistance to antimicrobials in Southeast Asia, Salmonella ST34 population structure and evolution remained understudied in the region. Here we performed detailed genomic investigations on 454 ST34 genomes collected from Vietnam and diverse geographical sources to elucidate the pathogen's epidemiology, evolution and antimicrobial resistance. We showed that ST34 has been introduced into Vietnam in at least nine occasions since 2000, forming five co-circulating major clones responsible for paediatric diarrhoea and bloodstream infection. Most expansion events were associated with acquisitions of large multidrug resistance plasmids of IncHI2 or IncA/C2. Particularly, the self-conjugative IncA/C2 pST34VN2 (co-transferring blaCTX-M-55, mcr-3.1, and qnrS1) underlies local expansion and intercontinental spread in two separate ST34 clones. At the global scale, Southeast Asia was identified as a potential hub for the emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant Salmonella ST34, and mutation analysis suggests of selection in antimicrobial responses and key virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chung The
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Phuong Pham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Ha Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Son-Nam H Le
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Vu Thuy
- Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Hoang Le Phuc
- Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Lu Lan Vi
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alison E Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duy Thanh Pham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Muthumbi EM, Mwanzu A, Mbae C, Bigogo G, Karani A, Mwarumba S, Verani JR, Kariuki S, Scott JAG. The epidemiology of fecal carriage of nontyphoidal Salmonella among healthy children and adults in three sites in Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011716. [PMID: 37883602 PMCID: PMC10629669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) disease in Africa, epidemiologic data on carriage and transmission are few. These data are important to understand the transmission of NTS in Africa and to design control strategies. METHOD To estimate the prevalence of stool carriage of NTS in Kenya, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Kilifi, Nairobi, and Siaya, sites with a low, moderate and high incidence of invasive NTS disease, respectively. At each site, we randomly selected 100 participants in each age-group of 0-11 months, 12-59 months, 5-14 years, 15-54 years and ≥55 years. We collected stool, venous blood (for hemoglobin and malaria rapid tests), anthropometric measurements, and administered a questionnaire on Water Access Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) practices. Stool samples were cultured on selective agar for Salmonella; suspect isolates underwent serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULT Overall, 53 (3.5%) isolates of NTS were cultured from 1497 samples. Age-adjusted prevalence was 13.1% (95%CI 8.8-17.4) in Kilifi, 0.4% (95%CI 0-1.3) in Nairobi, and 0.9% (95%CI 0-2.0) in Siaya. Prevalence was highest among those aged 15-54 years (6.2%). Of 53 isolates; 5 were S. Enteritidis, 1 was S. Typhimurium. No S. Typhi was isolated. None of the risk factors were associated with carriage of NTS. All isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole. CONCLUSION Prevalence of fecal carriage was high in Kilifi, an area of low incidence of invasive NTS disease and was low in areas of higher incidence in Nairobi and Siaya. The age-prevalence, risk factors, geographical and serotype distribution of NTS in carriage differs from invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M. Muthumbi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred Mwanzu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Cecilia Mbae
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Centre for Microbiology Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Godfrey Bigogo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Angela Karani
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Salim Mwarumba
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer R. Verani
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Centre for Microbiology Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J. Anthony G. Scott
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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76
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Rodríguez EC, Saavedra SY, Montaño LA, Sossa DP, Correa FP, Vaca JA, Duarte C. Characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamases in Colombian clinical isolates of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica between 1997 and 2022. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:374-384. [PMID: 37871566 PMCID: PMC10637434 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Salmonella spp. is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans through contaminated water or food. The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases is a growing public health problem because these enzymes are resistant to third and fourth generation cephalosporins. Objective. To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Salmonella spp. isolates received by the acute diarrheal disease/foodborne disease surveillance program of the Grupo de Microbiología of the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Materials and methods. A total of 444 Salmonella spp. isolates, resistant to at least one of the cephalosporins, were obtained between January 1997 and June 2022. The extendedspectrum β-lactamases phenotype was identified by the double disk test. DNA extraction was carried out by the boiling method, and the blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes were amplified by PCR. Results. All the isolates were positive for the extended-spectrum β-lactamases test. The genes identified were: blaCTX-M + blaTEM (n=200), blaCTX-M (n=177), blaSHV (n=16), blaSHV + blaCTX-M (n=6), blaTEM (n=13) and blaSHV + blaCTX-M + blaTEM (n=3). Twenty-six isolates were negative for the evaluated genes. Positive extended-spectrum β-lactamases isolates were identified in Bogotá and 21 departments: Chocó, Magdalena, Meta, Bolívar, Casanare, Cesar, Córdoba, Quindío, Atlántico, Tolima, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Boyacá, Caldas, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Antioquia, Nariño, Santander y Valle del Cauca. Conclusion. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Salmonella spp. isolates was mainly caused by blaCTX-M. Isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (44 %; 197/444). The most frequent extended-spectrum β-lactamases-expressing serotypes were Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Duarte
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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Rosso F, Rebellón-Sánchez DE, Llanos-Torres J, Hurtado-Bermudez LJ, Ayerbe L, Suárez JH, Orozco-Echeverri N, Rojas-Perdomo CC, Zapata-Vasquez IL, Patiño-Niño J, Parra-Lara LG. Clinical and microbiological characterization of Salmonella spp. isolates from patients treated in a university hospital in South America between 2012-2021: a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:625. [PMID: 37749501 PMCID: PMC10519077 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonellosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and one of the most frequent etiologies of diarrhea in the world. Mortality due to Salmonellosis in Latin America still poorly understood, and there is a lack of studies that evaluate resistance and clinical manifestations. The aims of this study were to characterize patients infected with Salmonella spp. seen in a university hospital in Colombia between 2012 and 2021, to evaluate trends in antibiotic resistance and to determine the proportion of overall mortality and related factors. METHODS Retrospective observational study. All patients with microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp. were included. The sociodemographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics were described, and the proportion of antibiotic resistant isolates per year was estimated. The prevalence of mortality according to age groups was calculated. Log binomial regression models were used to establish factors associated with mortality. RESULTS Five hundred twenty-two patients were analyzed. Salmonellosis accounted for 0.01% of all medical consultations. The median age was 16 years old. The most common clinical presentation was gastroenteric syndrome (77.1%) and symptoms included diarrhea (79.1%), fever (66.7%), abdominal pain (39.6%) and vomiting (35.2%). Of the Salmonella spp. isolates, 78.2% were not classified, 19.1% corresponded to non-typhoidal Salmonella and 2.7% to Salmonella typhi. Mortality occurs in 4.02% of the patients and was higher in patients with hematologic malignancy (11.6%). When analyzing by age group, the proportion of deaths was 2.8% in patients aged 15 years or younger, while in those older than 15 years it was 5.4%. Factors associated to mortality where bacteremia (aPR = 3.41 CI95%: 1.08-10.76) and to require treatment in the ICU (aPR = 8.13 CI95%: 1.82-37.76). In the last 10 years there has been a steady increase in resistance rates to ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam and ceftriaxone, reaching rates above 60% in recent years. CONCLUSIONS Despite improved availability of antibiotics for the treatment of salmonellosis in the past decades, mortality due to salmonellosis continues occurring in children and adults, mainly in patients with hematological malignancies and bacteremia. Antibiotic resistance rates have increased significantly over the last 10 years. Public health strategies for the control of this disease should be strengthened, especially in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rosso
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia.
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia.
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia.
| | - David E Rebellón-Sánchez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia.
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Julio Llanos-Torres
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
| | - Leidy Johanna Hurtado-Bermudez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | - Laura Ayerbe
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | - John Harold Suárez
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Orozco-Echeverri
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | | | - Isabel Lucia Zapata-Vasquez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jaime Patiño-Niño
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Departamento de Pediatría, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Gabriel Parra-Lara
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Carrera 98 #18-49, 760031, Cali, Colombia
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Smith C, Smith E, Chiu C, Hinton J, Perez Sepulveda B, Gordon M, Choy RK, Hill PW, Meiring JE, Darton TC, Carey ME, Cooke G, Gibani MM. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:111. [PMID: 37808389 PMCID: PMC10558987 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly as a cause of bloodstream infection in children and immunocompromised adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines to prevent non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) would represent a valuable public health tool in this setting to avert cases and prevent expansion of antimicrobial resistance. Several NTS and combination typhoidal-NTS vaccine candidates are in early-stage development, although the pathway to licensure is unclear due to challenges in conducting large phase III field trials. Controlled human infection models (CHIM) present an opportunity to accelerate vaccine development for a range of enteric pathogens. Several recent typhoidal Salmonella CHIMs have been conducted safely and have played pivotal roles in progressing vaccine candidates to pre-qualification and licensure. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) consortium has been formed with funding from the Wellcome Trust, to deliver the first NTS CHIM, which can act as a platform for future vaccine evaluation. This paper reports the conclusions of a consultation group workshop convened with key stakeholders. The aims of this meeting were to: (1) define the rationale for an NTS CHIM (2) map the NTS vaccine pipeline (3) refine study design and (4) establish potential future use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Emma Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jay Hinton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Blanca Perez Sepulveda
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Melita Gordon
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Peter W.S. Hill
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - James E. Meiring
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Megan E. Carey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Cooke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Malick M. Gibani
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - CHANTS Consortium
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, 98121, USA
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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79
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Smith C, Smith E, Chiu C, Hinton J, Perez Sepulveda B, Gordon M, Choy RK, Hill PW, Meiring JE, Darton TC, Carey ME, Cooke G, Gibani MM. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:111. [PMID: 37808389 PMCID: PMC10558987 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly as a cause of bloodstream infection in children and immunocompromised adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines to prevent non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) would represent a valuable public health tool in this setting to avert cases and prevent expansion of antimicrobial resistance. Several NTS and combination typhoidal-NTS vaccine candidates are in early-stage development, although the pathway to licensure is unclear due to challenges in conducting large phase III field trials. Controlled human infection models (CHIM) present an opportunity to accelerate vaccine development for a range of enteric pathogens. Several recent typhoidal Salmonella CHIMs have been conducted safely and have played pivotal roles in progressing vaccine candidates to pre-qualification and licensure. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) consortium has been formed with funding from the Wellcome Trust, to deliver the first NTS CHIM, which can act as a platform for future vaccine evaluation. This paper reports the conclusions of a consultation group workshop convened with key stakeholders. The aims of this meeting were to: (1) define the rationale for an NTS CHIM (2) map the NTS vaccine pipeline (3) refine study design and (4) establish potential future use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Emma Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jay Hinton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Blanca Perez Sepulveda
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Melita Gordon
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Peter W.S. Hill
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - James E. Meiring
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Megan E. Carey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Cooke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Malick M. Gibani
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - CHANTS Consortium
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, 98121, USA
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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80
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Mkangara M. Prevention and Control of Human Salmonella enterica Infections: An Implication in Food Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:8899596. [PMID: 37727836 PMCID: PMC10506869 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8899596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen causing diarrhoeal disease to humans after consuming contaminated water, animal, and plant products. The bacterium is the third leading cause of human death among diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. Therefore, human salmonellosis is of public health concern demanding integrated interventions against the causative agent, Salmonella enterica. The prevention of salmonellosis in humans is intricate due to several factors, including an immune-stable individual infected with S. enterica continuing to shed live bacteria without showing any clinical signs. Similarly, the asymptomatic Salmonella animals are the source of salmonellosis in humans after consuming contaminated food products. Furthermore, the contaminated products of plant and animal origin are a menace in food industries due to Salmonella biofilms, which enhance colonization, persistence, and survival of bacteria on equipment. The contaminated food products resulting from bacteria on equipment offset the economic competition of food industries and partner institutions in international business. The most worldwide prevalent broad-range Salmonella serovars affecting humans are Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, and poultry products, among others, are the primary source of infection. The broader range of Salmonella serovars creates concern over multiple strategies for preventing and controlling Salmonella contamination in foods to enhance food safety for humans. Among the strategies for preventing and controlling Salmonella spread in animal and plant products include biosecurity measures, isolation and quarantine, epidemiological surveillance, farming systems, herbs and spices, and vaccination. Other measures are the application of phages, probiotics, prebiotics, and nanoparticles reduced and capped with antimicrobial agents. Therefore, Salmonella-free products, such as beef, pork, poultry meat, eggs, milk, and plant foods, such as vegetables and fruits, will prevent humans from Salmonella infection. This review explains Salmonella infection in humans caused by consuming contaminated foods and the interventions against Salmonella contamination in foods to enhance food safety and quality for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwanaisha Mkangara
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2958, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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81
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Mohakud NK, Panda RK, Singh D, Patra SD, Simnani FZ, Sinha A, Nandi A, Jha E, Singh S, Kaushik NK, Panda PK, Singh D, Verma SK, Suar M. Intrinsic insights to antimicrobial effects of Nitrofurantoin to multi drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ms202. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115180. [PMID: 37454596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) serovar of Salmonella has raised the concern of their impactful effect on pathogenic infection and mortality in human lead by the enteric diseases. In order to combat the battle against these MDR Salmonella pathogen, new drug molecules need to be evaluated for their potent antibacterial application. This study evaluates the mechanistic antimicrobial effect of nitrofurantoin against a MDR strain of Salmonella named S. enterica Typhimurium ms202. The antimicrobial effect of nitrofurantoin was studied through experimental and computational approach using standard microbiological and molecular techniques like growth curve analysis, live-dead analysis, oxidative stress evaluation using high throughput techniques like flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. The result showed a potent dose dependent antibacterial effect of nitrofurantoin against S. enterica Typhimurium ms202 with a MIC value of 64 µg/ml. Moreover, the mechanistic excavation of the phenomenon described the mechanism as an effect of molecular interaction of nitrofurantoin molecule with membrane receptor proteins OmpC of S. enterica Typhimurium ms202 leading to internalization of the nitrofurantoin heading towards the occurrence of cellular physiological disturbances through oxidative stress impeded by nitrofurantoin-Sod1 C protein interaction. The results indicated towards a synergistic effect of membrane damage, oxidative stress and genotoxicity for the antibacterial effect of nitrofurantoin against S. enterica Typhimurium ms202. The study described the potent dose-dependent application of nitrofurantoin molecule against MDR strains of Salmonella and guided towards their use in further discovered MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Mohakud
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Panda
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | | | | | | | - Adrija Sinha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Ealisha Jha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Sarita Singh
- BVG Life Sciences Limited, Sagar Complex, Old Pune-Mumbai Road, Chinchwad, Pune 411034, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deobrat Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
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82
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Thota P, Dravid A, Ramesh S, Massawe H, Sheth NP. Evaluating the Social Impact of a Proposed Orthopedic Center of Excellence in Northern Tanzania: A Novel Use of the Impact Multiple of Money Methodology. World J Surg 2023; 47:2125-2131. [PMID: 37198281 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-07049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries-often a result of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs)-represent a significant burden in sub-Saharan Africa. RTA victims are faced with lifelong disability and diminished employment. Northern Tanzania in particular lacks the orthopedic surgical capacity needed to provide patients with definitive surgical fixation. While there is great potential in establishing an Orthopedic Center of Excellence (OCE), the precise social impact of such an initiative is currently unknown. METHODS To demonstrate the social value of an orthopedic OCE in Northern Tanzania, this paper proposes a methodology for calculating social impact. This methodology draws upon RTA-related Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), current and projected surgical complication rates, anticipated changes in surgical volume, and average per capita income to quantify how much social value can be gained by mitigating the impact of RTAs. These parameters can be utilized to calculate an impact multiplier of money (IMM), stating the social returns on each dollar invested. RESULTS Modeling exercises demonstrate that improvements in the complication rate and surgical volume over the current baseline results in significant social impact. In the best-case scenario, the COE is expected to yield over $131 million over 10 years, with an IMM of 13.19. CONCLUSIONS Investments in orthopedic care will yield significant dividends, as demonstrated by our novel methodology. The cost-effectiveness of the OCE is comparable to, if not greater, than many other global health initiatives. More broadly, the IMM methodology can be used to quantify the impact of other projects aimed at reducing long-term injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Thota
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Centre Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Avi Dravid
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Centre Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sireesh Ramesh
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Neil P Sheth
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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83
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Jiang M, Li X, Xie CL, Chen P, Luo W, Lin CX, Wang Q, Shu DM, Luo CL, Qu H, Ji J. Fructose-enabled killing of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enteritidis by gentamicin: Insight from reprogramming metabolomics. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106907. [PMID: 37385564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a food-borne pathogen that poses a severe threat to both poultry production and human health. Antibiotics are critical for the initial treatment of bacterial infections. However, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics results in the rapid evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the discovery and development of new antibiotics are declining. Therefore, understanding antibiotic resistance mechanisms and developing novel control measures are essential. In the present study, GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis was performed to determine the metabolic profile of gentamicin sensitive (SE-S) and resistant (SE-R) S. enterica. Fructose was identified as a crucial biomarker. Further analysis demonstrated a global depressed central carbon metabolism and energy metabolism in SE-R. The decrease in the pyruvate cycle reduces the production of NADH and ATP, causing a decrease in membrane potential, which contributes to gentamicin resistance. Exogenous fructose potentiated the effectiveness of gentamicin in killing SE-R by promoting the pyruvate cycle, NADH, ATP and membrane potential, thereby increasing gentamicin intake. Further, fructose plus gentamicin improved the survival rate of chicken infected with gentamicin-resistant Salmonella in vivo. Given that metabolite structures are conserved across species, fructose identified from bacteria could be used as a biomarker for breeding disease-resistant phenotypes in chicken. Therefore, a novel strategy is proposed for fighting against antibiotic-resistant S. enterica, including exploring molecules suppressed by antibiotics and providing a new approach to find pathogen targets for disease resistance in chicken breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Xiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Ming Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Long Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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84
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Chandrasekhar H, Mohapatra G, Kajal K, Singh M, Walia K, Rana S, Kaur N, Sharma S, Tuli A, Das P, Srikanth CV. SifA SUMOylation governs Salmonella Typhimurium intracellular survival via modulation of lysosomal function. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011686. [PMID: 37773952 PMCID: PMC10566704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the mechanisms shaping the pathophysiology during the infection of enteric pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium is host PTM machinery utilization by the pathogen encoded effectors. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) during infection in host cells thrives in a vacuolated compartment, Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV), which sequentially acquires host endosomal and lysosomal markers. Long tubular structures, called as Salmonella induced filaments (SIFs), are further generated by S. Tm, which are known to be required for SCV's nutrient acquisition, membrane maintenance and stability. A tightly coordinated interaction involving prominent effector SifA and various host adapters PLEKHM1, PLEKHM2 and Rab GTPases govern SCV integrity and SIF formation. Here, we report for the first time that the functional regulation of SifA is modulated by PTM SUMOylation at its 11th lysine. S. Tm expressing SUMOylation deficient lysine 11 mutants of SifA (SifAK11R) is defective in intracellular proliferation due to compromised SIF formation and enhanced lysosomal acidification. Furthermore, murine competitive index experiments reveal defective in vivo proliferation and weakened virulence of SifAK11R mutant. Concisely, our data reveal that SifAK11R mutant nearly behaves like a SifA knockout strain which impacts Rab9-MPR mediated lysosomal acidification pathway, the outcome of which culminates in reduced bacterial load in in vitro and in vivo infection model systems. Our results bring forth a novel pathogen-host crosstalk mechanism where the SUMOylation of effector SifA regulated S. Tm intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayatree Mohapatra
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kirti Kajal
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Mukesh Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kshitiz Walia
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarika Rana
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Amit Tuli
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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85
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Marmion M, Soro AB, Whyte P, Scannell AGM. A culture-based assessment of the microbiota of conventional and free-range chicken meat from Irish processing facilities. Food Microbiol 2023; 114:104306. [PMID: 37290880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chicken meat is the most popularly consumed meat worldwide, with free-range and ethically produced meat a growing market among consumers. However, poultry is frequently contaminated with spoilage microbes and zoonotic pathogens which impact the shelf-life and safety of the raw product, constituting a health risk to consumers. The free-range broiler microbiota is subject to various influences during rearing such as direct exposure to the external environment and wildlife which are not experienced during conventional rearing practices. Using culture-based microbiology approaches, this study aimed to determine whether there is a detectable difference in the microbiota from conventional and free-range broilers from selected Irish processing plants. This was done through analysis of the microbiological status of bone-in chicken thighs over the duration of the meat shelf-life. It was found that the shelf-life of these products was 10 days from arrival in the laboratory, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) evident between free-range and conventionally raised chicken meat. A significant difference, however, was established in the presence of pathogenesis-associated genera in different meat processors. These results reinforce past findings which indicate that the processing environment and storage during shelf-life are key determinants of the microflora of chicken products reaching the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marmion
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - A B Soro
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15DY05, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Ireland
| | - A G M Scannell
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, Ireland; UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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86
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Ford L, Shah HJ, Eikmeier D, Hanna S, Chen J, Tagg KA, Langley G, Payne DC, Plumb ID. Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection Following International Travel-United States, 2018-2019. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:533-541. [PMID: 37129066 PMCID: PMC10839744 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) can limit treatment options. We assessed the contribution of international travel to antimicrobial-resistant NTS infections. METHODS We describe NTS infections that were reported to the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network during 2018-2019 and screened for genetic resistance determinants, including those conferring decreased susceptibility to first-line agents (ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or azithromycin). We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between resistance and international travel during the 7 days before illness began. We estimated the contribution of international travel to resistance using population-attributable fractions, and we examined reported antimicrobial use. RESULTS Among 9301 NTS infections, 1159 (12%) occurred after recent international travel. Predicted resistance to first-line antimicrobials was more likely following travel; the adjusted odds ratio varied by travel region and was highest after travel to Asia (adjusted odds ratio, 7.2 [95% confidence interval, 5.5-9.5]). Overall, 19% (95% confidence interval, 17%-22%) of predicted resistance to first-line antimicrobials was attributable to international travel. More travelers than nontravelers receiving ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones had isolates with predicted resistance to fluoroquinolones (29% vs 9%, respectively; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS International travel is a substantial risk factor for antimicrobial-resistant NTS infections. Understanding risks of resistant infection could help target prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ford
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hazel J. Shah
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dana Eikmeier
- Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samir Hanna
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Chen
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kaitlin A. Tagg
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- ASRT, Inc., Smyrna Georgia, USA
| | - Gayle Langley
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel C. Payne
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ian D. Plumb
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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87
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Syed Abu Thahir S, Rajendiran S, Shaharudin R, Veloo Y. Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Species and Their Mobile Genetic Elements from Poultry Farm Environments in Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1330. [PMID: 37627750 PMCID: PMC10451245 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and persistent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in low-income countries have received growing attention among the public and scientific community. Notably, the excessive use of antibiotics in chicken feed for the purpose of treatment or as prophylaxis in the poultry industry have led to a rising rate of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella species and its mobile genetic elements from soil and effluent samples of 33 randomly selected poultry farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Salmonella species were isolated on selective media (CHROMagar™ Salmonella). VITEK® 2 system was used to identify the isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Subsequently, eight isolates were subjected to the whole genome sequencing (WGS). Based on the results, Salmonella spp. was detected in 38.1% (24/63) of samples, with the highest resistance to ampicillin (62.5%), followed by ampicillin/sulbactam (50.0%) and ciprofloxacin (45.8%). Meanwhile, the identified serovars were Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Weltevreden (S. Weltevreden), S. Jedburgh, and S. Brancaster. The most prevalent resistance genes detected include qnrS1, blaTEM-176, dfrA14, and tet(A). The IncX1 plasmid, with encoded resistance genes, was also detected in four isolates. Furthermore, mutations in the quinolone resistant-determining regions (QRDR) were discovered, specifically in the gyrA, gyrB, and parC genes. In short, surveillance such as continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and emerging trends in resistance patterns through farm environmental samples could provide information to formulate public health interventions for effective infection prevention and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahidiah Syed Abu Thahir
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Sakshaleni Rajendiran
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Rafiza Shaharudin
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Yuvaneswary Veloo
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
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88
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Blondel CJ, Amaya FA, Bustamante P, Santiviago CA, Pezoa D. Identification and distribution of new candidate T6SS effectors encoded in Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 6. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1252344. [PMID: 37664116 PMCID: PMC10469887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contact-dependent contractile multiprotein apparatus widely distributed in Gram-negative bacteria. These systems can deliver different effector proteins into target bacterial and/or eukaryotic cells, contributing to the environmental fitness and virulence of many bacterial pathogens. Salmonella harbors five different T6SSs encoded in different genomic islands. The T6SS encoded in Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 6 (SPI-6) contributes to Salmonella competition with the host microbiota and its interaction with infected host cells. Despite its relevance, information regarding the total number of effector proteins encoded within SPI-6 and its distribution among different Salmonella enterica serotypes is limited. In this work, we performed bioinformatic and comparative genomics analyses of the SPI-6 T6SS gene cluster to expand our knowledge regarding the T6SS effector repertoire and the global distribution of these effectors in Salmonella. The analysis of a curated dataset of 60 Salmonella enterica genomes from the Secret6 database revealed the presence of 23 new putative T6SS effector/immunity protein (E/I) modules. These effectors were concentrated in the variable regions 1 to 3 (VR1-3) of the SPI-6 T6SS gene cluster. VR1-2 were enriched in candidate effectors with predicted peptidoglycan hydrolase activity, while VR3 was enriched in candidate effectors of the Rhs family with C-terminal extensions with predicted DNase, RNase, deaminase, or ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. A global analysis of known and candidate effector proteins in Salmonella enterica genomes from the NCBI database revealed that T6SS effector proteins are differentially distributed among Salmonella serotypes. While some effectors are present in over 200 serotypes, others are found in less than a dozen. A hierarchical clustering analysis identified Salmonella serotypes with distinct profiles of T6SS effectors and candidate effectors, highlighting the diversity of T6SS effector repertoires in Salmonella enterica. The existence of different repertoires of effector proteins suggests that different effector protein combinations may have a differential impact on the environmental fitness and pathogenic potential of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Blondel
- Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando A. Amaya
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paloma Bustamante
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A. Santiviago
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Pezoa
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
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89
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Chatterjee R, Chowdhury AR, Mukherjee D, Chakravortty D. From Eberthella typhi to Salmonella Typhi: The Fascinating Journey of the Virulence and Pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhi. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25674-25697. [PMID: 37521659 PMCID: PMC10373206 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), the invasive typhoidal serovar of Salmonella enterica that causes typhoid fever in humans, is a severe threat to global health. It is one of the major causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. According to recent WHO estimates, approximately 11-21 million typhoid fever illnesses occur annually worldwide, accounting for 0.12-0.16 million deaths. Salmonella infection can spread to healthy individuals by the consumption of contaminated food and water. Typhoid fever in humans sometimes is accompanied by several other critical extraintestinal complications related to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, and hepatobiliary system. Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-1 and Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-2 are the two genomic segments containing genes encoding virulent factors that regulate its invasion and systemic pathogenesis. This Review aims to shed light on a comparative analysis of the virulence and pathogenesis of the typhoidal and nontyphoidal serovars of S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Chatterjee
- Department
of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department
of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Debapriya Mukherjee
- Department
of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department
of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
- Centre
for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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90
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Peter SK, Mutiso JM, Ngetich M, Mbae C, Kariuki S. Seroprevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella disease and associated factors in children in Mukuru settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288015. [PMID: 37459317 PMCID: PMC10351689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections remain a significant public health challenge especially in sub-Saharan Africa. NTS disease is endemic in Kenya and is associated with sporadic fatal outbreaks in several regions of the country with poor resource setting. Data is limited on background exposure of NTS in the population in endemic areas and the general immune status of the community most affected by NTS. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion of children exposed to Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Typhimurium O antigen among the apparently healthy children and patients and the associated host and environmental factors among children attending selected healthcare facilities in Mukuru, Nairobi County, Kenya. A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted among patients and apparently healthy participants aged 0-5 years. Blood was collected and centrifuged to obtain serum. The serum was used to test for the presence of antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM) against NTS using ELISA. A questionnaire was administered to obtain relevant demographic, socio-economic and healthcare utilization information. A total of 382 children were recruited into the study. The NTS seroprevalence was 12.6%. Among the apparently healthy participants, mean age of those exposed to NTS was 36 months and those not exposed was 27 months. Among patients, the mean age was 39 months and those not exposed was 30 months. The seroprevalence of NTS infection among the apparently healthy was significantly associated with cooking water, washing water and age of the child. Treating water using chlorine or boiling method was identified as being protective against contracting Salmonella Typhimurium/Enteritidis. Among the patients, the proportion of exposure was significantly associated with keeping animals and the chicken count. There is a high exposure to NTS among young children below five years of age and the population has developed immunity to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schola K. Peter
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua M. Mutiso
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mercy Ngetich
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cecilia Mbae
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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91
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Das S, Howlader DR, Lu T, Whittier SK, Hu G, Sharma S, Dietz ZK, Ratnakaram SSK, Varisco DJ, Ernst RK, Picking WD, Picking WL. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of nanoparticle formulations of L-SseB against Salmonella infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208848. [PMID: 37457702 PMCID: PMC10347375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica, a Gram-negative pathogen, has over 2500 serovars that infect a wide range of hosts. In humans, S. enterica causes typhoid or gastroenteritis and is a major public health concern. In this study, SseB (the tip protein of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system) was fused with the LTA1 subunit of labile-toxin from enterotoxigenic E. coli to make the self-adjuvanting antigen L-SseB. Two unique nanoparticle formulations were developed to allow multimeric presentation of L-SseB. Mice were vaccinated with these formulations and protective efficacy determined via challenging the mice with S. enterica serovars. The polysaccharide (chitosan) formulation was found to elicit better protection when compared to the squalene nanoemulsion. When the polysaccharide formulation was used to vaccinate rabbits, protection from S. enterica challenge was elicited. In summary, L-SseB in a particulate polysaccharide formulation appears to be an attractive candidate vaccine capable of broad protection against S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Debaki R. Howlader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sean K. Whittier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Simran Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zackary K. Dietz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Siva S. K. Ratnakaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - David J. Varisco
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William D. Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Wendy L. Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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92
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Fu Y, M’ikanatha NM, Dudley EG. Whole-Genome Subtyping Reveals Population Structure and Host Adaptation of Salmonella Typhimurium from Wild Birds. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0184722. [PMID: 37249426 PMCID: PMC10281135 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01847-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Within-host evolution of bacterial pathogens can lead to host-associated variants of the same species or serovar. Identification and characterization of closely related variants from diverse host species are crucial to public health and host-pathogen adaptation research. However, the work remained largely underexplored at a strain level until the advent of whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Here, we performed WGS-based subtyping and analyses of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (n = 787) from different wild birds across 18 countries over a 75-year period. We revealed seven avian host-associated S. Typhimurium variants/lineages. These lineages emerged globally over short timescales and presented genetic features distinct from S. Typhimurium lineages circulating among humans and domestic animals. We further showed that, in terms of virulence, host adaptation of these variants was driven by genome degradation. Our results provide a snapshot of the population structure and genetic diversity of S. Typhimurium within avian hosts. We also demonstrate the value of WGS-based subtyping and analyses in unravelling closely related variants at the strain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhi Fu
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Edward G. Dudley
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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93
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Cuypers WL, Meysman P, Weill FX, Hendriksen RS, Beyene G, Wain J, Nair S, Chattaway MA, Perez-Sepulveda BM, Ceyssens PJ, de Block T, Lee WWY, Pardos de la Gandara M, Kornschober C, Moran-Gilad J, Veldman KT, Cormican M, Torpdahl M, Fields PI, Černý T, Hardy L, Tack B, Mellor KC, Thomson N, Dougan G, Deborggraeve S, Jacobs J, Laukens K, Van Puyvelde S. A global genomic analysis of Salmonella Concord reveals lineages with high antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3517. [PMID: 37316492 PMCID: PMC10267216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Concord (S. Concord) is known to cause severe gastrointestinal and bloodstream infections in patients from Ethiopia and Ethiopian adoptees, and occasional records exist of S. Concord linked to other countries. The evolution and geographical distribution of S. Concord remained unclear. Here, we provide a genomic overview of the population structure and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. Concord by analysing genomes from 284 historical and contemporary isolates obtained between 1944 and 2022 across the globe. We demonstrate that S. Concord is a polyphyletic serovar distributed among three Salmonella super-lineages. Super-lineage A is composed of eight S. Concord lineages, of which four are associated with multiple countries and low levels of AMR. Other lineages are restricted to Ethiopia and horizontally acquired resistance to most antimicrobials used for treating invasive Salmonella infections in low- and middle-income countries. By reconstructing complete genomes for 10 representative strains, we demonstrate the presence of AMR markers integrated in structurally diverse IncHI2 and IncA/C2 plasmids, and/or the chromosome. Molecular surveillance of pathogens such as S. Concord supports the understanding of AMR and the multi-sector response to the global AMR threat. This study provides a comprehensive baseline data set essential for future molecular surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim L Cuypers
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Unit of Tropical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - François-Xavier Weill
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des bactéries pathogènes entériques, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU-Food), Research Group of Global Capacity Building, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Getenet Beyene
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - John Wain
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Satheesh Nair
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Marie A Chattaway
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Blanca M Perez-Sepulveda
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Tessa de Block
- Clinical Reference Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Winnie W Y Lee
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Pardos de la Gandara
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des bactéries pathogènes entériques, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Christian Kornschober
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jacob Moran-Gilad
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Kees T Veldman
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Cormican
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mia Torpdahl
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology & Parasitology, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Patricia I Fields
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tomáš Černý
- National Reference Laboratory for salmonella, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liselotte Hardy
- Unit of Tropical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bieke Tack
- Unit of Tropical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kate C Mellor
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID),Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
| | - Stijn Deborggraeve
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Unit of Tropical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Puyvelde
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID),Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom.
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Romanescu M, Oprean C, Lombrea A, Badescu B, Teodor A, Constantin GD, Andor M, Folescu R, Muntean D, Danciu C, Dalleur O, Batrina SL, Cretu O, Buda VO. Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO High Priority Pathogens-Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119727. [PMID: 37298678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the 10 global health issues identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021. While AMR is a naturally occurring process, the inappropriate use of antibiotics in different settings and legislative gaps has led to its rapid progression. As a result, AMR has grown into a serious global menace that impacts not only humans but also animals and, ultimately, the entire environment. Thus, effective prophylactic measures, as well as more potent and non-toxic antimicrobial agents, are pressingly needed. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) is supported by consistent research in the field. Although EOs have been used for centuries, they are newcomers when it comes to managing infections in clinical settings; it is mainly because methodological settings are largely non-overlapping and there are insufficient data regarding EOs' in vivo activity and toxicity. This review considers the concept of AMR and its main determinants, the modality by which the issue has been globally addressed and the potential of EOs as alternative or auxiliary therapy. The focus is shifted towards the pathogenesis, mechanism of resistance and activity of several EOs against the six high priority pathogens listed by WHO in 2017, for which new therapeutic solutions are pressingly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirabela Romanescu
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Camelia Oprean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- OncoGen Centre, County Hospital 'Pius Branzeu', Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Lombrea
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bianca Badescu
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ana Teodor
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - George D Constantin
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Minodora Andor
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Folescu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Olivia Dalleur
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Laurentiu Batrina
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valentina Oana Buda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Ineu City Hospital, 2 Republicii Street, 315300 Ineu, Romania
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95
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Smith AM, Erasmus LK, Tau NP, Smouse SL, Ngomane HM, Disenyeng B, Whitelaw A, Lawrence CA, Sekwadi P, Thomas J. Enteric fever cluster identification in South Africa using genomic surveillance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 37339282 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa participates in national laboratory-based surveillance for human isolates of Salmonella species. Laboratory analysis includes whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of isolates. We report on WGS-based surveillance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) in South Africa from 2020 through 2021. We describe how WGS analysis identified clusters of enteric fever in the Western Cape Province of South Africa and describe the epidemiological investigations associated with these clusters. A total of 206 Salmonella Typhi isolates were received for analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from bacteria and WGS was performed using Illumina NextSeq technology. WGS data were investigated using multiple bioinformatics tools, including those available at the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology, EnteroBase and Pathogenwatch. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing was used to investigate the phylogeny of isolates and identify clusters. Three major clusters of enteric fever were identified in the Western Cape Province; cluster one (n=11 isolates), cluster two (n=13 isolates), and cluster three (n=14 isolates). To date, no likely source has been identified for any of the clusters. All isolates associated with the clusters, showed the same genotype (4.3.1.1.EA1) and resistome (antimicrobial resistance genes: bla TEM-1B, catA1, sul1, sul2, dfrA7). The implementation of genomic surveillance of Salmonella Typhi in South Africa has enabled rapid detection of clusters indicative of possible outbreaks. Cluster identification allows for targeted epidemiological investigations and a timely, coordinated public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Marius Smith
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Linda Kathleen Erasmus
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomsa Pauline Tau
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shannon Lucrecia Smouse
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hlengiwe Mimmy Ngomane
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bolele Disenyeng
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew Whitelaw
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene Ann Lawrence
- Communicable Disease Control, Service Priorities Coordination, Department of Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phuti Sekwadi
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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96
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Farid N, Waheed A, Motwani S. Synthetic and natural antimicrobials as a control against food borne pathogens: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17021. [PMID: 37484319 PMCID: PMC10361103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Food borne pathogens are one of the most common yet concerning cause of illnesses around the globe. These microbes invade the body via food items, through numerous mediums of contamination and it is impossible to completely eradicate these organisms from food. Extensive research has been made regarding their treatment. Unfortunately, the only available treatment currently is by antibiotics. Recent exponential increase in antibiotic resistance and the side effect of synthetic compounds have established a need for alternate therapies that could be utilized either on their own or along with antibiotics to provide protection against food-borne diseases. The aim of this review is to provide information regarding some common food borne diseases, their current and possible natural treatment. It will include details regarding some common foodborne pathogens, the disease they cause, prevalence, manifestations and treatment of the respective disease. Some natural modes of potential treatment will be summarized, which including phytochemicals, derived from plants either as crude extracts or as purified form and Bacteriocins as microbial based treatment, obtained from various types of bacteria. The paper will describe their mechanism of action, classification, susceptible organisms, some antimicrobial compounds and producing organisms, application in food systems and as potential treatment. Along with that, synthetic treatment i.e., antibiotics will be discussed including the first-line treatment of some common food borne infections, prevalence and mechanism of resistance against antibiotics in the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Farid
- Corresponding author. Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
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97
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Tao L, Foster P, Russo C, Cassat JE, Humphries RM. The Brief Case: Invasive Ceftriaxone-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Considerations. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0075022. [PMID: 37219092 PMCID: PMC10204636 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00750-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pamela Foster
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carmella Russo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E. Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Romney M. Humphries
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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98
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Uzairue LI, Shittu OB, Ojo OE, Obuotor TM, Olanipekun G, Ajose T, Arogbonlo R, Medugu N, Ebruke B, Obaro SK. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of invasive Salmonella enterica from children with bacteremia in north-central Nigeria. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231175322. [PMID: 37223673 PMCID: PMC10201152 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231175322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bacteremia due to invasive Salmonella enterica has been reported earlier in children in Nigeria. This study aimed to detect the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of invasive Salmonella enterica from children with bacteremia in north-central Nigeria. Method From June 2015 to June 2018, 4163 blood cultures yielded 83 Salmonella isolates. This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Salmonella isolates. The Salmonella enterica were isolated and identified using standard bacteriology protocol. Biochemical identifications of the Salmonella enterica were made by Phoenix MD 50 identification system. Further identification and confirmation were done with polyvalent antisera O and invA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done following clinical and laboratory standard institute guidelines. Resistant genes and virulence genes were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Result Salmonella typhi 51 (61.4%) was the most prevalent serovar, followed by Salmonella species 13 (15.7%), choleraesuis 8 (9.6%), enteritidis 6 (7.2%), and typhimurium 5 (6.1%). Fifty-one (61.4%) of 83 Salmonella enterica were typhoidal, while 32 (38.6%) were not. Sixty-five (78.3%) of the 83 Salmonella enterica isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, followed by chloramphenicol 39 (46.7%), tetracycline 41 (41.4%), piperacillin 33 (33.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanate, and streptomycin 21 (25.3%), while cephalothin was 19 (22.9%). Thirty-nine (46.9%) of the 83 Salmonella enterica isolates were multi-drug resistant, and none were extensive drug resistant or pan-drug resistant. A blaTEM 42 (50.6%), floR 32 (38.6%), qnrA 24 (28.9%), tetB 20 (20.1%), tetA 10 (10.0%), and tetG 5 (6.0%) were the antibiotic resistance genes detected. There were perfect agreement between phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance in tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, while beta-lactam showed κ = 0.60 agreement. All of the Salmonella enterica isolates had the virulence genes invA, sopB, mgtC, and sip4D, while 33 (39.8%), 45 (51.8%), and 2 (2.4%) had ssaQ, spvC, and ljsGI-1, respectively. Conclusion Our findings showed multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica in children with bacteremia in northern Nigeria. In addition, significant virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were found in invasive Salmonella enterica in northern Nigeria. Thus, our study emphasizes the need to monitor antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica from invasive sources in Nigeria and supports antibiotic prudence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard I Uzairue
- Department of Microbiology, Federal
University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- International Foundation Against
Infectious Disease in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory
Sciences, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke B Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Federal
University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi E Ojo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology
and Parasitology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope M Obuotor
- Department of Microbiology, Federal
University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Grace Olanipekun
- International Foundation Against
Infectious Disease in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Theresa Ajose
- International Foundation Against
Infectious Disease in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ronke Arogbonlo
- International Foundation Against
Infectious Disease in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nubwa Medugu
- International Foundation Against
Infectious Disease in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology and
Parasitology, National Hospital, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | - Bernard Ebruke
- International Foundation Against
Infectious Disease in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Stephen K Obaro
- International Foundation Against
Infectious Disease in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Pediatric Infectious Division, the
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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99
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Leleiwi I, Rodriguez-Ramos J, Shaffer M, Sabag-Daigle A, Kokkinias K, Flynn RM, Daly RA, Kop LFM, Solden LM, Ahmer BMM, Borton MA, Wrighton KC. Exposing new taxonomic variation with inflammation - a murine model-specific genome database for gut microbiome researchers. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:114. [PMID: 37210515 PMCID: PMC10199544 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The murine CBA/J mouse model widely supports immunology and enteric pathogen research. This model has illuminated Salmonella interactions with the gut microbiome since pathogen proliferation does not require disruptive pretreatment of the native microbiota, nor does it become systemic, thereby representing an analog to gastroenteritis disease progression in humans. Despite the value to broad research communities, microbiota in CBA/J mice are not represented in current murine microbiome genome catalogs. RESULTS Here we present the first microbial and viral genomic catalog of the CBA/J murine gut microbiome. Using fecal microbial communities from untreated and Salmonella-infected, highly inflamed mice, we performed genomic reconstruction to determine the impacts on gut microbiome membership and functional potential. From high depth whole community sequencing (~ 42.4 Gbps/sample), we reconstructed 2281 bacterial and 4516 viral draft genomes. Salmonella challenge significantly altered gut membership in CBA/J mice, revealing 30 genera and 98 species that were conditionally rare and unsampled in non-inflamed mice. Additionally, inflamed communities were depleted in microbial genes that modulate host anti-inflammatory pathways and enriched in genes for respiratory energy generation. Our findings suggest decreases in butyrate concentrations during Salmonella infection corresponded to reductions in the relative abundance in members of the Alistipes. Strain-level comparison of CBA/J microbial genomes to prominent murine gut microbiome databases identified newly sampled lineages in this resource, while comparisons to human gut microbiomes extended the host relevance of dominant CBA/J inflammation-resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS This CBA/J microbiome database provides the first genomic sampling of relevant, uncultivated microorganisms within the gut from this widely used laboratory model. Using this resource, we curated a functional, strain-resolved view on how Salmonella remodels intact murine gut communities, advancing pathobiome understanding beyond inferences from prior amplicon-based approaches. Salmonella-induced inflammation suppressed Alistipes and other dominant members, while rarer commensals like Lactobacillus and Enterococcus endure. The rare and novel species sampled across this inflammation gradient advance the utility of this microbiome resource to benefit the broad research needs of the CBA/J scientific community, and those using murine models for understanding the impact of inflammation on the gut microbiome more generally. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikaia Leleiwi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Josué Rodriguez-Ramos
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Michael Shaffer
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Anice Sabag-Daigle
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Katherine Kokkinias
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Rory M. Flynn
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Rebecca A. Daly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Linnea F. M. Kop
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radbound University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Biophysics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Lindsey M. Solden
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Brian M. M. Ahmer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Mikayla A. Borton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Kelly C. Wrighton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, The Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
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100
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Hariharan V, Chowdhury AR, Rao S S, Chakravortty D, Basu S. phoP maintains the environmental persistence and virulence of pathogenic bacteria in mechanically stressed desiccated droplets. iScience 2023; 26:106580. [PMID: 37168573 PMCID: PMC10164896 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on kinematic features of impacting drops, the effect of mechanical stress on desiccated bacteria-laden droplets remains unexplored. In the present study, we unveiled the consequences of the impaction of bacteria-laden droplets on solid surfaces and their subsequent desiccation on the virulence of an enteropathogen Salmonella typhimurium (STM). The methodology elucidated the deformation, cell-cell interactions, adhesion energy, and roughness in bacteria induced by impact velocity and low moisture because of evaporation. Salmonella retrieved from the dried droplets were used to understand fomite-mediated pathogenesis. The impact velocity-induced mechanical stress deteriorated the in vitro viability of Salmonella. Of interest, an uninterrupted bacterial proliferation was observed in macrophages at higher mechanical stress. Wild-type Salmonella under mechanical stress induced the expression of phoP whereas infecting macrophages. The inability of STM ΔphoP to grow in nutrient-rich dried droplets signifies the role of phoP in sensing the mechanical stress and maintaining the virulence of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Hariharan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka State 560012, India
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka State 560012, India
| | - Srinivas Rao S
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka State 560012, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka State 560012, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695551, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka State 560012, India
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka State 560012, India
- Corresponding author
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