51
|
Javaroni V. Editorial Comment: Interaction between the impact of the Co-ronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and demographic charac-teristics on sexual/erectile dysfunction in Latin America: crosssectional study. Int Braz J Urol 2022; 48:548-552. [PMID: 35373949 PMCID: PMC9060164 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2021.764.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valter Javaroni
- Departamento de Andrologia, Hospital Federal do Andaraí Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Gueta K, Klar-Chalamish C. "The Global Sense of Disaster was Synchronized With my Own Disaster": Implications of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Wellbeing of Survivors of Sexual Violence. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:985-997. [PMID: 35582919 PMCID: PMC9127623 DOI: 10.1177/10497323221089878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study is designed to improve our understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as collective trauma, on the wellbeing of survivors of sexual violence (SV). The data are based on an online qualitative survey about the experiences of 39 survivors and a thematic analysis of ten in-depth interviews with service providers in Israel. The findings reveal that the pandemic and restrictive measures are associated with increased risk for participants' wellbeing, caused directly by pandemic characteristics, as well as indirectly through the denial of access to coping resources. Paradoxically, the pandemic also offers relief, given the widespread restrictions imposed on the entire population and the general crisis atmosphere. The service providers' perspective indicates an increased demand for services as well as for their adjustment. These findings highlight the vulnerability of individuals with a history of SV and the need for accommodation of frontline SV services for health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Gueta
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan
University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Carmit Klar-Chalamish
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan
University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- The Association of Rape Crisis Centers
in Israel Tel-Aviv
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
King M, Farrington A, Donohue G, McCann E. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Nurses. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:300-307. [PMID: 34644213 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.1978598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the psychological effects of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on mental health nurses. An internet-based questionnaire that included the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Score (SAS) was used to assess the impact of the pandemic on the wellbeing of mental health nurses in an Irish mental health service. Among the nurses surveyed (n = 161), 12% of the participants had an overall IES-R score from 24 to 32 indicating that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was a clinical concern, while 38% had an overall IES-R score >32 indicating that PTSD was a probable diagnosis. The mean SAS score that had been converted to anxiety index scores was 40.78 (SD = 9.25). The results showed that 30% of mental health nurses experienced anxiety levels from moderate to extreme. Overall findings confirm that mental health nurses are experiencing psychological distress as a result of working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses who were <30 years of age or who were in their current roles for less than a year or were ward-based and worked full-time, were most likely to be affected. Working during COVID-19 has not been routine work practice and for a cohort of workers who are already under pressure, the sacrifice in terms of general well-being has been immense. The offer of individualized psychological support for mental health nurses working during the pandemic should be both practical in nature and flexible enough to meet individual needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie King
- Nurse Education Centre, St. Patrick's Mental Health Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Farrington
- Nurse Education Centre, St. Patrick's Mental Health Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Donohue
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward McCann
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wu X, Geng X, Shang Z, Wang Z, Lu H, Ma H, Liu W, Xu H. Post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with rheumatic disease during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional case-control study in China. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e049749. [PMID: 35354638 PMCID: PMC8968122 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a traumatic event, but a collective stressor unfolding over time, causing devastating implications for the mental health. This study aimed to shed light on the mental health status of patients with rheumatic disease (RD) during the massive outbreak of COVID-19 in China, especially the prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with healthy individuals. METHODS A total of 486 patients with RD and 486 age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited into the study. For each participant, we collected demographic and clinical characteristics data. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and four items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to investigate the prevalence and severity of PTSD and sleep quality, respectively. RESULTS Compared with healthy control subjects (n=486), patients with RD (n=486) had a higher prevalence of PTSD (12.1% vs 4.1%; p<0.001). Higher total scores on the PCL-5 and on all four items from the PSQI (p≤0.001) were also observed. Female, old age, poor sleep quality, long duration of RD, poor subjective evaluation of the disease and pessimistic subjective perception of the epidemic were identified as risk factors of PTSD in patients with RD during the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 outbreak, patients with RD presented a higher prevalence and severity of PTSD and showed more sleep disturbances. Our findings confirm the importance of psychological assessment and mental healthcare out of regular clinical care for patients with RD during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuqiang Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilei Shang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjuan Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huji Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
COVID-19 Health Crisis Workloads and Screening for Psychological Impact in Nursing Home Staff: A Qualitative and Quantitative Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074061. [PMID: 35409741 PMCID: PMC8998048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nursing homes were particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively with the use of a self-reported questionnaire as a tool for screening for mental disorders in nursing home staff. Methods: A multicenter epidemiological study was conducted in 12 nursing homes in France with 1117 nursing home staff eligible. Socio-demographic, occupational, and medical data were collected by anonymous self-reported questionnaire using validated scales to assess anxiety/depressive symptoms (HAD scale) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL-5). A total of 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess acceptance and expectations for the use of the questionnaire. Results: The participation rate was 34.5%. Data from 373 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The questionnaire was well accepted by the participants and met their wishes for prevention action. The sample was 82% female. More than half reported a feeling of powerlessness and lack of time or staffing. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 22%, depressive symptoms 10%, and post-traumatic stress 7%. Conclusions: This study underlines the interest in screening for mental disorders by self-reported questionnaire and deploying preventive actions in the workplace to reduce stress and facilitate the reconciliation of family and working life in this context of the pandemic.
Collapse
|
56
|
Busbee PB, Bam M, Yang X, Abdulla OA, Zhou J, Ginsberg JPJ, Aiello AE, Uddin M, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Dysregulated TP53 Among PTSD Patients Leads to Downregulation of miRNA let-7a and Promotes an Inflammatory Th17 Phenotype. Front Immunol 2022; 12:815840. [PMID: 35058939 PMCID: PMC8763839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.815840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder and patients diagnosed with PTSD often express other comorbid health issues, particularly autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Our previous reports investigating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from PTSD patients showed that these patients exhibit an increased inflammatory T helper (Th) cell phenotype and widespread downregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), key molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. A combination of analyzing prior datasets on gene and miRNA expression of PBMCs from PTSD and Control samples, as well as experiments using primary PBMCs collected from human PTSD and Controls blood, was used to evaluate TP53 expression, DNA methylation, and miRNA modulation on Th17 development. In the current report, we note several downregulated miRNAs were linked to tumor protein 53 (TP53), also known as p53. Expression data from PBMCs revealed that compared to Controls, PTSD patients exhibited decreased TP53 which correlated with an increased inflammatory Th17 phenotype. Decreased expression of TP53 in the PTSD population was shown to be associated with an increase in DNA methylation in the TP53 promotor region. Lastly, the most significantly downregulated TP53-associated miRNA, let-7a, was shown to negatively regulate Th17 T cells. Let-7a modulation in activated CD4+ T cells was shown to influence Th17 development and function, via alterations in IL-6 and IL-17 production, respectively. Collectively, these studies reveal that PTSD patients could be susceptible to inflammation by epigenetic dysregulation of TP53, which alters the miRNA profile to favor a proinflammatory Th17 phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Marpe Bam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Osama A Abdulla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Juhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jay Paul Jack Ginsberg
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Departments of Psychophysiology, Clinical Psychology, and Research Office, Saybrook University, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina (UNC) Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Mcgavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Lombard T, Spijkerman S, van Rooyen C. Prevalence and predisposing factors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in anaesthetists during the second wave of COVID-19 in South Africa. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2022. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2022.28.2.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Lombard
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - S Spijkerman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - C van Rooyen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Messman BA, Rafiuddin HS, Slavish DC, Weiss NH, Contractor AA. Examination of daily-level associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and COVID-19 worries. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2022; 14:497-506. [PMID: 34766803 PMCID: PMC10257942 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stressors and worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to the onset and exacerbation of psychological symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Using a microlongitudinal framework, we uniquely investigated bidirectional associations between daily-level PTSD symptoms and COVID-19 worries. METHOD Data from 42 trauma-exposed university students (Mage = 22.67 ± 5.02, 86.7% female) were collected between March and August 2020. Participants completed daily surveys for 10 days to assess PTSD symptom severity and COVID-19 worries. Multilevel regression was conducted to examine both lagged and simultaneous models of daily person-centered mean PTSD symptom severity predicting COVID-19 worries, and vice-versa. RESULTS Days with greater COVID-19 worries were associated with greater same-day (b = .53, SE = .19, p = .006) and next-day (b = .65, SE = .21, p = .003) PTSD symptom severity. Additionally, days with greater PTSD symptom severity were associated with greater same-day COVID-19 worries (b = .06, SE = .02, p = .006). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 worries may influence same-day and next-day PTSD symptoms, and PTSD symptoms may influence same day COVID-19 worries. Findings substantiate the interplay between ongoing stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and posttrauma symptoms and support therapeutically targeting COVID-19 stress in PTSD treatments to potentially impact posttrauma symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
59
|
Tang L, Gao Y, Qi S, Cui J, Zhou L, Feng Y. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients with mental disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:156. [PMID: 35232421 PMCID: PMC8886345 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive public health concerns, posing significant challenges to healthcare services. One particular area of concern is the mental health of patients with mental disorder, who are often a neglected group. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of, and associated factors for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients with mental disorder in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to patients in four psychiatric hospitals in Beijing, China, between April 28th and May 30th, 2020. Information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 related factors, support, psychosomatic factors, and PTSD symptoms were collected using a series of scales, such as the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale, and so on. Multivariate regression was used to identify factors related to PTSD symptoms. RESULTS A total of 1,055 patients with mental disorder were included in the final sample. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 41.3%. Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated that fear of the pandemic and anxiety were shared associated factors for both symptoms of PTSD and their subscales. Additionally, age was an associated factor for the total PTSD (β = 0.12, p < 0.01), intrusion (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), and avoidance (β = 0.1, p < 0.05) symptoms; depression was an associated factor for the total PTSD (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), intrusion (β = 0.11, p < 0.01), and hyperarousal (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was high among patients with mental disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. This study found that age, fear of the pandemic, anxiety and depression are significant associated factors of PTSD symptoms in patients with mental disorder during the pandemic. We call for higher awareness and introduction of PTSD interventions to relieve the psychological stress in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Tang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Clinical Psychology Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Clinical Psychology Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyi Qi
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Clinical Psychology Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cui
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Clinical Psychology Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Clinical Psychology Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, 39 South College Road, Haidian District, 100081, Beijing, China. .,Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Degraded Psychophysiological Status in Caregivers and Human Resources Staff during a COVID-19 Peak Unveiled by Psychological and HRV Testing at Workplace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031710. [PMID: 35162733 PMCID: PMC8835268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic peaks, healthcare professionals are a frontline workforce that deals with death on an almost daily basis and experiences a marked increase in workload. Returning home is also associated with fear of contaminating or be contaminated. An obvious consequence is stress accumulation and associated risks, especially in caregivers in mobility and possibly in human resource teams managing mobility. Here, during the second pandemic peak, we designed a 15-min testing procedure at the workplace, combining HADS and Brief COPE questionnaires with heart rate variability (HRV) recordings to evaluate psychophysiological status in four groups: caregivers in mobility (MOB); human resources teams managing mobility (ADM); caregivers without mobility (N-MOB); and university researchers teaching online (RES). Anxiety, depression, coping strategies, vagally-mediated heart rate regulation, and nonlinear dynamics (entropy) in cardiac autonomic control were quantified. Anxiety reached remarkably high levels in both MOB and ADM, which was reflected in vagal and nonlinear HRV markers. ADM maintained a better problem-solving capacity. MOB and N-MOB exhibited degraded problem-solving capacity. Multivariate approaches show how combining psychological and physiological markers helps draw highly group-specific psychophysiological profiles. Entropy in HRV and problem-solving capacity were highly relevant for that. Combining HADS and Brief COPE questionnaires with HRV testing at the workplace may provide highly relevant cues to manage mobility during crises as well as prevent health risks, absenteeism, and more generally malfunction incidents at hospitals.
Collapse
|
61
|
Zhen R, Zhou X. Latent Patterns of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Depression, and Posttraumatic Growth Among Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:197-209. [PMID: 34339577 PMCID: PMC8426724 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Researchhas shown that posttraumatic reactions can co-occur in trauma-exposed individuals. Many studies have assessed the co-occurring patterns of two types of reactions, but few have assessed the patterns of multiple reactions. To build on existing knowledge, the present study examined co-occurring patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 683) were adolescents selected from an area in China severely affected by COVID-19 who completed the PTSD Checklist, a measure of depression, a PTG inventory, and a cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire. Latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used for the data analyses. The results showed three heterogeneous patterns characterized by growth (n = 248, 36.3%), distress (n = 101, 14.8%), and struggle (n = 334, 48.9%). Positive refocusing and reappraisal were associated with membership in the growth group compared with distress group, OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.75, 0.93] and OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.68, 0.90], whereas rumination, catastrophizing, and "putting into perspective" were associated with membership in the distress group compared with growth group, ORs = 1.15-1.44. These findings suggest that posttraumatic reactions show heterogeneous characteristics: struggle, rather than growth or distress, is common among adolescents during COVID-19; and distinct cognitive emotional regulation strategies have distinguishing roles in the three patterns of posttraumatic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhen
- School of EducationHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Bracone F, Gialluisi A, Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Persichillo M, Olivieri M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Retrospective Recall of Psychological Distress Experienced During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: Results From the ALT RISCOVID-19 Survey. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604345. [PMID: 35153649 PMCID: PMC8833312 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To estimate psychological distress experienced during the Italian lockdown (March-May 2020) by assessing, in the transition period of the pandemic (June-September 2020), participants’ recalling of their psychological state. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis on 1,880 adults (mean age 48.9 ± 14.5 years) from the web-based ALT RISCOVID-19 survey. Participants were asked to retrospectively recall their psychological state during lockdown concerning symptoms of depression (Patients’ Health Questionnaire), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder), stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and post-traumatic stress (Screening Questionnaire for Disaster Mental Health). Results: Experienced symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress was recalled by 15.8, 15.3 and 13.1% of respondents, respectively. These psychometric scales tended to decrease during the 4-month period of assessment (p < 0.05), while perceived stress levels did not (p = 0.13). Men and older individuals reported lower symptoms of depression (β = −0.42 and β = −0.42; p < 0.0001, respectively), anxiety (β = −0.41 and β = −0.45; p < 0.0001, respectively), stress (β = −0.36 and β = 0.50; p < 0.0001, respectively) and post-traumatic stress (β = −0.42; p < 0.0001, men vs women). Conclusion: Recalled psychological distress experienced during COVID-19 lockdown tended to decrease during the transition period of the pandemic, except for stress. Women and younger people were at higher risk to recall psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bracone
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- *Correspondence: Licia Iacoviello,
| | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Saba T, Rehman A, Shahzad MN, Latif R, Bahaj SA, Alyami J. Machine learning for post-traumatic stress disorder identification utilizing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2083-2094. [PMID: 35088496 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is essential for proper treatment of the patients to recover from this disorder. The aligned purpose of this study was to investigate the performance deviations in regions of interest (ROI) of PTSD than the healthy brain regions, to assess interregional functional connectivity and applications of machine learning techniques to identify PTSD and healthy control using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The rs-fMRI data of 10 ROI was extracted from 14 approved PTSD subjects and 14 healthy controls. The rs-fMRI data of the selected ROI were used in ANOVA to measure performance level and Pearson's correlation to investigate the interregional functional connectivity in PTSD brains. In machine learning approaches, the logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) with linear, radial basis function, and polynomial kernels were used to classify the PTSD and control subjects. The performance level in brain regions of PTSD deviated as compared to the regions in the healthy brain. In addition, significant positive or negative functional connectivity was observed among ROI in PTSD brains. The rs-fMRI data have been distributed in training, validation, and testing group for maturity, implementation of machine learning techniques. The KNN and SVM with radial basis function kernel were outperformed for classification among other methods with high accuracies (96.6%, 94.8%, 98.5%) and (93.7%, 95.2%, 99.2%) to train, validate, and test datasets, respectively. The study's findings may provide a guideline to observe performance and functional connectivity of the brain regions in PTSD and to discriminate PTSD subject using only the suggested algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila Saba
- Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics Lab (AIDA), CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Rehman
- Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics Lab (AIDA), CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rabia Latif
- Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics Lab (AIDA), CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ali Bahaj
- MIS Department College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber Alyami
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Imaging Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Năstăsescu V, Mititelu M, Stanciu TI, Drăgănescu D, Grigore ND, Udeanu DI, Stanciu G, Neacșu SM, Dinu-Pîrvu CE, Oprea E, Ghica M. Food Habits and Lifestyle of Romanians in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030504. [PMID: 35276862 PMCID: PMC8839677 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has produced significant changes in socio-cultural life, diet, and interpersonal relationships across the world’s population. The present study aims to identify changes in lifestyle and diet among the Romanian population one year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire with 58 items (addressing the following aspects: socio-demographic and anthropometric data, current eating habits, and lifestyle changes) was distributed using institutional mailing lists and social media. A total number of 2040 respondents participated in the study, of whom 1464 were women, and 576 men. Among the respondents, 1598 came from urban areas and 442 from rural areas. The processing of the collected data showed significant changes in the behavior of the respondents caused by the pandemic situation with psycho-affective changes in some cases. The number of people who had anxiety, depression and nervousness increased by up to 20%. The majority of respondents (over 57%) were up to 30 years old, either students (43.50%) or employees going to workplaces (33.20%). Analyzing eating habits, we found that diet modification was needed to increase the daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, and seafood. Regarding weight status during the pandemic, we noticed that 34.7% of normal-weight respondents said that they gained weight while 49.7% of overweight people and 52.5% of obese people said that they gained weight (p < 0.0001). Regarding psycho-emotional behavior, 11.81% of the surveyed women stated that they frequently had depressive states during the pandemic period and 11.63% of the men stated that they frequently presented depressive states during the pandemic (p = 0.005).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Năstăsescu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (V.N.); (C.E.D.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (N.D.G.); (D.I.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Pharmaceutical Physics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta Diana Grigore
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (N.D.G.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Denisa Ioana Udeanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (N.D.G.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Gabriela Stanciu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanța, 900527 Constanța, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Cristina Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (V.N.); (C.E.D.-P.)
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Manuela Ghica
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Qi X, Wang J, Liu J, Amporfro DA, Wang K, Liu H, Shah S, Wu Q, Hao Y. Factors associated with peritraumatic stress symptoms among the frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e047753. [PMID: 35017231 PMCID: PMC8753098 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the prevalence of peritraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs), perceived threat, social support and factors contributing to clinically significant PTSS among frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers (HCWs) in China. DESIGN AND SETTING An online survey through self-administered questionnaires was conducted from 18 February to 4 March 2020, during the outbreak of COVID-19. OUTCOMES MEASURES PTSS was assessed using the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) self-rating scale. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, self-reported health, physical/psychological symptoms, perceived threat from frontline work and perceived social support were investigated. Multivariable line regression analysis distinguished factors associated with HCWs' PTSS scores. RESULTS A total of 676 (58.1%) HCWs have shown clinically significant high levels of PTSS. Only 441 (37.9%) self-reported good health. Most had physical symptom(s) (915 (78.7%)), psychological symptom(s) (906 (77.9%)), inability to vent emotions (284 (24.4%)), emotional exhaustion (666 (57.3%)) and 1037 (89.2%) needed professional respect. Moreover, social support received was less than expected, and the receipt of psychological services/help scored the lowest (3.11±1.73). Combined psychological and physical symptoms, difficulty in releasing tension and venting emotions timely, fear of infection, emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation are significantly associated with PTSS scores among frontline HCWs. Working ≥8 hours, having the senior professional title, self-reported health, enjoying perfect protection and control measures, economic subsidy and control policy on reducing discriminatory practices are negatively correlated with PTSS scores. CONCLUSIONS During the outbreak of COVID-19, frontline HCWs experienced clinically significant high levels of PTSS and heavy workload, and the emergency resulted in their inadequate psychosocial support. If this is left unchecked, HCWs have a higher risk of developing PTSD. Early detection, identification and person-directed, targeted multidisciplinary interventions should be undertaken to address various influencing factors. Comprehensive measures, including setting up emotional release channels, as well as providing psychological and social support intervention for HCWs globally, are highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Qi
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Daniel Adjei Amporfro
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Saleh Shah
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Onukwuli V, Aronu A, Chinawa A, Ossai E, Chinawa J, Odinka P, Odinka J. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Secondary School Students during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Enugu. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_163_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
67
|
Sadegh-Zadeh SA, Bahrami M, Najafi A, Asgari-Ahi M, Campion R, Hajiyavand AM. Evaluation of COVID-19 pandemic on components of social and mental health using machine learning, analysing United States data in 2020. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933439. [PMID: 36003977 PMCID: PMC9393328 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 was named a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Governments across the world issued various restrictions such as staying at home. These restrictions significantly influenced mental health worldwide. This study aims to document the prevalence of mental health problems and their relationship with the quality and quantity of social relationships affected by the pandemic during the United States national lockdown. METHODS Sample data was employed from the COVID-19 Impact Survey on April 20-26, 2020, May 4-10, 2020, and May 30-June 8, 2020 from United States Dataset. A total number of 8790, 8975, and 7506 adults participated in this study for April, May and June, respectively. Participants' mental health evaluations were compared clinically by looking at the quantity and quality of their social ties before and during the pandemic using machine learning techniques. To predict relationships between COVID-19 mental health and demographic and social factors, we employed random forest, support vector machine, Naive Bayes, and logistic regression. RESULTS The result for each contributing feature has been analyzed separately in detail. On the other hand, the influence of each feature was studied to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. The overall result of our research indicates that people who had previously been diagnosed with any type of mental illness were most affected by the new constraints during the pandemic. These people were among the most vulnerable due to the imposed changes in lifestyle. CONCLUSION This study estimates the occurrence of mental illness among adults with and without a history of mental disease during the COVID-19 preventative limitations. With the persistence of quarantine limitations, the prevalence of psychiatric issues grew. In the third survey, which was done under quarantine or house restrictions, mental health problems and acute stress reactions were substantially greater than in the prior two surveys. The findings of the study reveal that more focused messaging and support are needed for those with a history of mental illness throughout the implementation of restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahboobe Bahrami
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirreza Najafi
- Department of Information Technology Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Asgari-Ahi
- Department of Information Technology Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russell Campion
- Department of Computing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Amir M Hajiyavand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Cipolletta S, Tomaino SCM, Rivest-Beauregard M, Sapkota RP, Brunet A, Winter D. Narratives of the worst experiences associated with peritraumatic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed method study in the USA and Italy. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2129359. [PMID: 36247840 PMCID: PMC9559052 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic experiences, no study has explored yet the association of specific COVID-19 narratives with peritraumatic distress, the precursor of PTSD. Objective: To explore the worst experiences associated with peritraumatic distress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Adult residents (N = 1098), from the US (n = 741) and Italy (n = 357), completed an online survey including socio-demographic data, COVID-19-related experiences, the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory and an open question on their worst experiences during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). A thematic content analysis (TCA) was conducted on the answers to the open question and a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to identify the themes that best predicted the clinical levels of peritraumatic distress. Results: The main TCA themes related to participants' worst COVID-19 experiences were anxiety, threat, loss, anger, stress and constriction. Threat was the most prevalent theme and correlated with experiences such as being quarantined, being infected and a loved one receiving the diagnosis. US participants' descriptions of their worst experiences related more to life-threat and loss, while Italians reported more threat to the world, stress, social isolation, and feeling trapped. In the CART analysis, the main predictor (79.9%) was perceiving negative effects from the COVID-19 crisis. Among them, a COVID-related threat to self-experience was the most robust predictor. In its absence, being deprived of resources or experiencing high levels of anxiety were other robust predictors. Conclusions: The study provided evidence of the utility of a mixed-method approach in conceptualizing experiences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of traumatic symptoms. Its findings may inform healthcare interventions and policies for tackling the new challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. HIGHLIGHTS Clinically significant levels of peritraumatic distress symptoms were prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinically significant levels of peritraumatic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic were related to experiences of life-threat, resource deprivation, and anxiety, cross-cutting the themes articulated by the thematic content analysis of anxiety, threat, loss, anger, stress and constriction.The US and Italian participants' descriptions of their worst experiences differed in subtle but important ways, with Americans reporting more life-threat and losses compared to Italians reporting more threat to the world, stress, social isolation, and feelings of being trapped.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjolaine Rivest-Beauregard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ram P Sapkota
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alain Brunet
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Winter
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Giner L, Vera-Varela C, de la Vega D, Zelada GM, Guija JA. Suicidal Behavior in the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:1-10. [PMID: 35080711 PMCID: PMC8790944 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been numerous social changes to try to contain the spread of the disease. These sudden changes in daily life have also changed the way we relate to others, in addition to creating a climate of uncertainty and fear. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compile published data of the consequences of suicidal behavior in the first months from the onset of the pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS The analysis reflects a concern about issues related to suicide since the beginning of the pandemic. A large number of online surveys have been released and have provided data on relatively large populations. The percentage of the population with suicidal ideation in that period seems to be approximately 5-15%. Many studies associate suicidal ideation with being young, female, and presence of sleep problems. Surveys of healthcare workers do not seem to indicate a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation compared to the general population. The incidence of suicide attempts seen in emergency departments did not seem to change, while the number of visits for other issues, unrelated to suicide, did decrease. The few studies on completed suicide do not indicate an increase in incidence in these first 6 months since March 2020, when the WHO declared the start of the pandemic. It does not seem that there have been major changes in the figures related to suicidal behavior in the studies from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, although it is still too early to know the consequences it will have long term. The social and economic damages resulting from the pandemic will certainly take a long time to recover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Giner
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Diego de la Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain ,Unidad de Hospitalización de Salud Mental. Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental del Hospital Virgen Macarena. Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville, Spain
| | - Giovani M. Zelada
- Internal Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Julio A. Guija
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain ,Instituto de Medicina Legal Y Ciencias Forenses de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Vasileva AV. [Post-traumatic stress disorder in the focus of international research: from soldier heart to ICD-11]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:72-81. [PMID: 36279231 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212210172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the evolution of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) definition from various war syndromes to PTSD definition as a sovereign disorder and complex PTSD appearance in ICD-11 as distinct diagnosis. It is focused on the epidemiology, gender issues, clinical features and differential diagnostic PTSD aspects. It is considered elaboration of the new international clinical guidelines for the anxiety disorders including PTSD, the new pharmaceutical and psychotherapeutic treatment algorithms for PTSD based on the evidence based research data is presented. Additionally as an illustration case vignette is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Vasileva
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Liao X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Jiang J, Li Y, Zhang W. Mental burden among Chinese undergraduate medical students: A prospective longitudinal study before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:982469. [PMID: 36276316 PMCID: PMC9582608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.982469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicated a clear association between COVID-19 pandemic and mental health. This study aimed to assess the dynamic change of mental burden during and after the COVID-19 outbreak and related predictive factors among Chinese undergraduate medical students. METHODS This longitudinal survey was conducted among Chinese undergraduate medical students before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak. We focused on COVID-19 related mental burdens including psychological distress, stress reaction, and insomnia symptoms, and defined the sum score of the three specific mental burden indexes as the overall mental burden index. The prevalence of specific and overall mental burdens and their changing patterns at two phases of the pandemic (during vs. after the COVID-19 outbreak) were measured. In addition, multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess the associations between the psychosocial status before the pandemic and specific and overall mental burden changing patterns. RESULTS Our findings showed that the prevalence of overall mental burden increased (from 27.46 to 37.28%) after the COVID-19 outbreak among the 863 Chinese undergraduate medical students who participated in the surveys at baseline, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, the prevalence of stress reaction symptoms decreased (from 10.90 to 3.60%), while the rates of psychological distress (from 28.06 to 37.95%) and insomnia symptoms (from 12.54 to 20.71%) increased. Participants, with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatic symptoms, internet addiction, childhood adversity, stressful life events, and being neurotic were found to have a higher risk of developing mental burden in at least one survey (during or after the COVID-19 outbreak). Healthy family function and being extravert were found to positively impact mental burden. CONCLUSION Psychological distress, stress reaction and insomnia symptoms have been prevalent among Chinese undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak, and the prevalence of overall mental burden increased after the COVID-19 outbreak. Some students, especially those with the risk factors noted above, exhibited persistent or progression symptoms. Continued mental health care was in demand for them even after the COVID-19 outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Simai Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Stankovic M, Papp L, Nyúl B, Ivánkovits L, Pető Z, Töreki A. Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of Hungarian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261745. [PMID: 34965255 PMCID: PMC8716026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic has had a global major healthcare, social and economic impact. In present study we aim to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale to Hungarian. Materials and methods Forward-backward translation method was used to translate the English version of the scale to Hungarian. Participants were a convenience sample of 2175 university students and employees. The study was conducted between January 18th and February 12th 2021. The test battery included Hungarian versions of Fear of COVID-19 scale, short Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-H) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results The scale showed one-factor structure, the loadings on the factor were significant and strong (from .47 to .84). Internal consistency was very good (α = .84). Construct validity for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was supported by significant and positive correlations with STAI (r = 0.402; p < 0.001) and BDI-H (r = 0.270; p < 0.001). Conclusion The Hungarian version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale is a reliable and valid tool in assessing fear of coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Stankovic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - László Papp
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Nyúl
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Ivánkovits
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pető
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamária Töreki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Kabunga A, Okalo P. Frontline Nurses' Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Predictive Factors During the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Central, Uganda. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:3627-3633. [PMID: 34934315 PMCID: PMC8684604 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s340771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ugandan healthcare system was already under severe strain due to a lack of human resources, poor working conditions, and poor management. At the center of these challenges are nurses, the backbone of the health system. This study investigated post-traumatic stress disorder and associated predictive factors during the second wave of COVID-19 among frontline nurses in the country. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among 601 nurses between May and June 2021. Post-traumatic stress disorder was assessed using PTSD Checklist-Civilian. The bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors predicting PTSD. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant at 95% CI. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 65.7%. In the multivariate logistic regression, the predictive factors of PTSD among the study participants were social support (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 034-0.60; p ≤ 0.001), fear of getting infected with COVID-19 (AOR: 3.10; 95% CI: 2.17-4.43; p < 0.001) and increased workload (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.16-2.34; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of the study highlight the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of front-line nurses. Assessing PTSD among nurses may increase the understanding of COVID-19 induced mental health issues. Identifying the risk factors like lack of social support and heavy workload and providing treatment is essential given that various waves of COVID-19 seem inevitable. Supportive strategies like counseling should be provided to the nurses to prevent or manage PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kabunga
- Department of Psychology, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya
| | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Khoo VPH, Ting RSK, Wang X, Luo Y, Seeley J, Ong JJ, Zhao M, Morsillo J, Su C, Fu X, Zhang L. Risk and Protective Factors for the Mental Wellbeing of Deployed Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Qualitative Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:773510. [PMID: 34955992 PMCID: PMC8695437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.773510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Though many literatures documented burnout and occupational hazard among healthcare workers and frontliners during pandemic, not many adopted a systemic approach to look at the resilience among this population. Another under-studied population was the large numbers of global healthcare workers who have been deployed to tackle the crisis of COVID-19 pandemic in the less resourceful regions. We investigated both the mental wellbeing risk and protective factors of a deployed healthcare workers (DHWs) team in Wuhan, the epicenter of the virus outbreak during 2020. Method: A consensual qualitative research approach was adopted with 25 DHWs from H province through semi-structured interviews after 3 months of deployment period. Results: Inductive-Deductive thematic coding with self-reflexivity revealed multi-layered risk and protective factors for DHWs at the COVID-19 frontline. Intensive working schedule and high-risk environment, compounded by unfamiliar work setting and colleagues; local culture adaptation; isolation from usual social circle, strained the DHWs. Meanwhile, reciprocal relationships and "familial relatedness" with patients and colleagues; organizational support to the DHWs and their immediate families back home, formed crucial wellbeing resources in sustaining the DHWs. The dynamic and dialectical relationships between risk and protective factors embedded in multiple layers of relational contexts could be mapped into a socio-ecological framework. Conclusion: Our multidisciplinary study highlights the unique social connectedness between patient-DHWs; within DHWs team; between deploying hospital and DHWs; and between DHWs and the local partners. We recommend five organizational strategies as mental health promotion and capacity building for DHWs to build a resilient network and prevent burnout at the disaster frontline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Poh Hoay Khoo
- China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, China
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, Eastern College Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Xinli Wang
- Oriental Evaluation Center of NPO and Social Service, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanshan Luo
- Zhongshan Experiment Middle School Counselling Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J. Ong
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, China
| | - Julie Morsillo
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, Eastern College Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chunyan Su
- School of Journalism and Communication, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Fu
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, China
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Bani Issa W, Al Nusair H, AlTamimi A, Rababa M, Saqan R, Hijazi H, Al-Marzouqi A, Abdul Rahman H, Naing L. Posttraumatic stress disorders and influencing factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of frontline nurses. Int Nurs Rev 2021; 69:285-293. [PMID: 34878183 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the extent of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and severity, factors motivating work continuation, and factors influencing PTSD development among frontline nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has an emotional toll on nurses. Exposure to traumatic events associated with the pandemic places frontline nurses at risk for developing PTSD. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Frontline nurses (n = 370) who cared for COVID-19 patients in three governmental hospitals in the United Arab Emirates were recruited from November 2020 to January 2021. The self-reported Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) was used to assess PTSD. The motivational factors for work continuation explored were: work-related factors (e.g., availability of personal protective equipment and management recognition), family support, and obligation to care. We used correlation and multiple regression analyses to investigate factors that influenced PDS score, including sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., gender, age, exercising status, and general health status), work factors (e.g., hospital type [COVID vs non-COVID], prior work experience, and encountering deaths), and factors motivating work continuation. The reporting of this study was consistent with STROBE guidelines. RESULTS In total, 36.2% participants had a probable PTSD diagnosis (PDS score ≥28) with most reporting unwanted memories. Family support (95.9%) and management recognition (90.8%) were the most frequently reported motivating factors. Factors significantly associated with higher PDS score were smoking, lack of management recognition, not exercising, and encountering COVID-19 deaths; the correlation and regression coefficients (b) were significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING/HEALTH POLICY Policy makers must expand healthcare policies to address frontline nurses' mental health as a priority during the pandemic. Nurse leaders must be involved in health policy development to protect nurses in anticipation of and during global health emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wegdan Bani Issa
- College of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University Of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussam Al Nusair
- Executive Management, Sheikh Khalifa General Hospital, Umm Alquwain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad Rababa
- Adult Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Roba Saqan
- Research Institute of Medical And Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Heba Hijazi
- Department of Health Services Administration, Chair, College of Health Sciences;, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amina Al-Marzouqi
- College of Health Sciences, Health Services Administration, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanif Abdul Rahman
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Lin Naing
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Lee JY, Kim M, Jhon M, Kim H, Kang HJ, Ryu S, Kim JM, Kim SW. The association of gratitude with perceived stress among nurses in Korea during COVID-19 outbreak. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:647-652. [PMID: 34861959 PMCID: PMC8530766 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses might experience added emotional stress. This study examined the relationship between gratitude and psychological stress to explore effective psychological support among nurses. METHODS A cross-sectional survey assessed the level of psychological distress in 646 nurses in Gwangju, South Korea, using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (K-GQ-6), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). Sociodemographic factors and COVID-19-related experiences were also examined. A linear regression model was used to determine the factors influencing perceived stress. RESULTS The mean PSS-10 score was 19.0 ± 4.4. Linear regression analyses revealed that the MBI-GS-Exhaustion, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores were positively associated with perceived stress, while the MBI-GS-Professional efficacy score was inversely associated with perceived stress. Gratitude disposition using the K-GQ-6 score negatively predicted PSS-10 (β = 0.829, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Psychological interventions that help cultivate gratitude and professional efficacy among nurses can help promote stress resilience throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Gwang-ju Mental Health Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Gwang-ju Mental Health Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Honey Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Gwang-ju Mental Health Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
|
78
|
Sansone A, Mollaioli D, Limoncin E, Ciocca G, Bắc NH, Cao TN, Hou G, Yuan J, Zitzmann M, Giraldi A, Jannini EA. The Sexual Long COVID (SLC): Erectile Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Systemic Complications for COVID-19 Long Haulers. Sex Med Rev 2021; 10:271-285. [PMID: 34933829 PMCID: PMC8604714 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Long term complications of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2, involve many organ systems, dramatically worsening the quality of life, and finally contributing to impaired physical functioning. Despite the presence of well-identified pathogenetic mechanisms, the effect of “Long COVID” on sexual health has been only marginally addressed. Objectives To provide coverage of the current literature on long COVID, its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relevance for erectile function. Methods. Comprehensive review of literature pertaining to the epidemiology and pathophysiology of long COVID, and its relevance for erectile function. Results Symptoms of long COVID are highly prevalent and involve almost all systems of the human body, with a plethora of clinical manifestations which range from minor nuisances to life-threatening conditions. “Brain fog” and fatigue are the most common complaints, although other neuropsychiatric complications, including sensory dysfunctions, anxiety, depression, and cerebrovascular events have also been reported. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are also affected, with dyspnea, pulmonary fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and myocarditis occurring in some COVID long haulers. A subset of patients might develop endocrine manifestations, including onset of diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and hypogonadism. Overall, long COVID features many complications which can impair erectile function by multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, and which could require tailored treatment: (i) careful investigation and management from the sexual medicine expert are therefore much needed, (ii) and future research on this topic is warranted. Conclusion in COVID-19 long haulers, several complications can adversely affect erectile function which, upon future tailored studies, could be used as biomarker for the severity of the long COVID disease and for its follow-up. Sansone A, Mollaioli D, Limoncin E et al. The Sexual Long COVID (SLC): Erectile Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Systemic Complications for COVID-19 Long Haulers. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:271–285.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Mollaioli
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Limoncin
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ciocca
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nguyễn Hoài Bắc
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thắng Nguyễn Cao
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Guangdong Hou
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael Zitzmann
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Münster, Germany
| | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Sexological Clinic, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Lei L, Zhu H, Li Y, Dai T, Zhao S, Zhang X, Muchu X, Su S. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders and associated factors one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 among the public in southwestern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:545. [PMID: 34736442 PMCID: PMC8566661 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the whole world and brought strong psychological impact. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in the general people of southwestern China and associated factors 1 month after the outbreak of the COVID-19. METHODS This study was started on 4-10 Feb 2020 based on online survey. The present work was carried out in the provinces of southeastern China, including Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, and Chongqing City.1593 respondents aged 18 years and above administered to this study. Data on whether they have experienced confirmed or suspected COVID-19 of themselves/family members/acquaintances were also collected, and based on 'yes' answers, the number of affected individuals (via COVID-19) were categorized into four exposure levels i.e., non-affected, less, moderately, or significantly affected. The civilian version of the PTSD checklist and the self-reported information about COVID-19 were used. RESULTS The prevalence of PTSD was approximately 25.2%(n = 401/1593). The chances of developing PTSD were 6.053(OR = 6.053, 95% CI 1.394 to 26.280) or 3.673(OR = 3.673, 95% CI 1.738 to 7.765) times higher among respondents who had been significantly and moderately affected than those who had not been affected, accordingly. Male (OR = 1.484, 95% CI 1.147 to 1.920),younger age individuals (40 ~ 49 age group/<30 age group, OR = 0.395, 95% CI 0.258 to 0.606) and health care workers (OR = 1.788, 95% CI 1.155 to 2.277) were at higher risk of developing PTSD. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that a positive correlation between the pandemic and PTSD. It is urgent to establish a screening and prevention systems for the population who are significantly exposed to COVID-19,and provide different psychological intervention strategies for different groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hongyi Zhu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yi Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Tao Dai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Shouju Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoluzi Muchu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Shaoyu Su
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Burnout in Healthcare Professionals During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: a Cross-Sectional Study. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2021; 7:14-20. [PMID: 34722899 PMCID: PMC8519377 DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2020-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and general care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 are at risk of developing adverse psychological reactions. A cross-sectional study of healthcare professionals aimed to determine the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals in two of the largest referral hospitals in Athens, Greece. Methods The study was conducted in the two largest SARS-CoV-2 referral hospitals in Athens, Greece. An assessment and the interrelationship of post-traumatic stress disorder, using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised [IES-R]) and burnout, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI]) was carried out. Results A total of 162 subjects were enrolled in the study. Fifty-six (35%) had an IES-R score > 33, suggesting post-traumatic stress disorder. Forty-nine (30%) had an MBI score > 27. Seventy-five (46%) had a personal accomplishment score of < 33 and 46 (28%) had a depersonalization score >10. Stepwise backward logistic regression revealed that the only independent variable that was retained regarding the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder was the emotional exhaustion score of the MBI (at a cut-off of 24 in this scale, the 95% CI of the odds ratio for the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 1.077-1.173). Conclusions In this sample of first-line Greek healthcare professionals against SARS-CoV-2, most of them were proven to be quite resilient to this challenge. One-third of them had post-traumatic stress disorder, which depended on their degree of emotional exhaustion. Healthcare professionals, as represented by this study, performed their duties without feeling helpless and developing adverse psychological reactions.
Collapse
|
81
|
Dong M, Tao Y, Wu S, Li Z, Wang X, Tan J. Sexual and psychological health of couples with azoospermia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12162. [PMID: 34721957 PMCID: PMC8541304 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, there have been no reports on the sexual and psychological health of patients with azoospermia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Previous studies on the sexual health of couples with azoospermia are limited and are especially lacking in data on the wives of azoospermic men. Methods We conducted a case–control cross-sectional study between 1 July 2020 and 20 December 2020. In total, 100 couples with azoospermia comprised the experimental group and 100 couples with normozoospermia comprised the control group. The couples’ sexual health was measured using standardised sexual function questionnaires (male: International Index of Erectile Function-15 [IIEF-15] and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool [PEDT]; female: Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI]) and a self-designed questionnaire to evaluate changes in sexual behaviours (sexual satisfaction, desire, frequency of sexual activity, masturbation, and pornography use) during lockdown. The couples’ psychological health was measured using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was used to analyse the associations between sexual health and psychological health. Results The IIEF-15 scores (53.07 ± 11.11 vs. 57.52 ± 8.57, t = − 3.17, p = 0.00) were lower and the PEDT scores (6.58 ± 3.13 vs. 5.17 ± 2.22, t = 3.67, p = 0.00) and incidence of premature ejaculation (χ2 = 14.73, p = 0.00) were higher for men with azoospermia than for men with normozoospermia. Compared with those of wives of men with normozoospermia, the total FSFI scores (25.12 ± 5.56 vs. 26.75 ± 4.82, t = − 2.22, p = 0.03) of wives of men with azoospermia were lower. The chi-square test showed that the perceived changes in sexual satisfaction (χ2 = 7.22, p = 0.03), frequency of masturbation (χ2 = 21.96, p = 0.00), and pornography use (χ2 = 10.90, p = 0.01) were significantly different between the female groups with azoospermia and normozoospermia, but there were no significant changes in sexual behaviour between the male groups. The GAD-7 (men: 7.18 ± 5.56 vs. 5.68 ± 4.58, p = 0.04; women: 6.65 ± 5.06 vs. 5.10 ± 3.29, p = 0.01) and PHQ-9 scores (men: 10.21 ± 6.37 vs. 7.49 ± 6.10, p = 0.00; women: 8.81 ± 6.50 vs. 6.98 ± 4.43, p = 0.02) were significantly higher for couples with azoospermia than for couples with normozoospermia. The APIM showed that for couples with azoospermia, sexual function negatively correlated with their own anxiety (men: β = −0.22, p = 0.00; women: β = −0.38, p = 0.00) and depression symptoms (men: β = −0.21, p = 0.00; women: β = −0.57, p = 0.00) but not with their partner’s anxiety and depression symptoms (p > 0.05). Conclusions Couples with azoospermia had a lower quality of sexual function and higher levels of psychological distress than couples with normozoospermia. Their sexual health negatively correlated with psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dong
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengtao Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jichun Tan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Coleshill MJ, Baldwin P, Black M, Newby J, Shrestha T, Haffar S, Mills L, Stensel A, Cockayne N, Tennant J, Harvey S, Christensen H. The Essential Network (TEN): Protocol for an implementation study of a digital-first mental health solution for Australian healthcare workers during COVID-19 (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e34601. [PMID: 35148269 PMCID: PMC8916098 DOI: 10.2196/34601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has placed health care workers (HCWs) under severe stress, compounded by barriers to seeking mental health support among HCWs. The Essential Network (TEN) is a blend of digital and person-to-person (blended care) mental health support services for HCWs, funded by the Australian Federal Department of Health as part of their national COVID-19 response strategy. TEN is designed as both a preventative measure and treatment for common mental health problems faced by HCWs. New blended services need to demonstrate improvements in mental health symptoms and test acceptability in their target audience, as well as review implementation strategies to improve engagement. Objective The primary objective of this implementation study is to design and test an implementation strategy to improve uptake of TEN. The secondary objectives are examining the acceptability of TEN among HCWs, changes in mental health outcomes associated with the use of TEN, and reductions in mental health stigma among HCWs following the use of TEN. Methods The implementation study contains 3 components: (1) a consultation study with up to 39 stakeholders or researchers with implementation experience to design an implementation strategy, (1) a longitudinal observational study of at least 105 HCWs to examine the acceptability of TEN and the effectiveness of TEN at 1 and 6 months in improving mental health (as assessed by the Distress Questionnaire [DQ-5], Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Oldenburg Burnout Inventory [OBI-16], and Work and Social Adjustment Scale [WSAS]) and reducing mental health stigma (the Endorsed and Anticipated Stigma Inventory [EASI]), and (3) an implementation study where TEN service uptake analytics will be examined for 3 months before and after the introduction of the implementation strategy. Results The implementation strategy, designed with input from the consultation and observational studies, is expected to lead to an increased number of unique visits to the TEN website in the 3 months following the introduction of the implementation strategy. The observational study is expected to observe high service acceptability. Moderate improvements to general mental health (DQ-5, WSAS) and a reduction in workplace- and treatment-related mental health stigma (EASI) between the baseline and 1-month time points are expected. Conclusions TEN is a first-of-a-kind blended mental health service available to Australian HCWs. The results of this project have the potential to inform the implementation and development of blended care mental health services, as well as how such services can be effectively implemented during a crisis. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/34601
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew James Coleshill
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Baldwin
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Black
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jill Newby
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Shrestha
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sam Haffar
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Llewellyn Mills
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Faculty Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Stensel
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Cockayne
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jon Tennant
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Damiano RF, Di Santi T, Beach S, Pan PM, Lucchetti AL, Smith FA, Forlenza OV, Fricchione GL, Miguel EC, Lucchetti G. Mental health interventions following COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: a systematic review of current recommendations and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2021; 43:665-678. [PMID: 33852690 PMCID: PMC8639008 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the most common mental health strategies aimed at alleviating and/or preventing mental health problems in individuals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other coronavirus pandemics. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature assessing three databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO). A meta-analysis was performed with data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). For non-RCT studies, a critical description of recommendations was performed. RESULTS From a total of 2,825 articles, 125 were included. Of those, three RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the interventions promoted better overall mental health outcomes as compared to control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.87 [95%CI 0.33-1.41], p < 0.001, I2 = 69.2%), but did not specifically improve anxiety (SMD = 0.98 [95%CI -0.17 to 2.13], p > 0.05; I2 = 36.8%). Concerning the systematic review, we found a large body of scientific literature proposing recommendations involving psychological/psychiatric interventions, self-care, education, governmental programs, and the use of technology and media. CONCLUSIONS We found a large body of expert recommendations that may help health practitioners, institutional and governmental leaders, and the general population cope with mental health issues during a pandemic or a crisis period. However, most articles had a low level of evidence, stressing the need for more studies with better design (especially RCTs) investigating potential mental health interventions during COVID-19. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020190212.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo F. Damiano
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Di Santi
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Scott Beach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedro M. Pan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra L. Lucchetti
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Felicia A. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Orestes V. Forlenza
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gregory L. Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eurípedes C. Miguel
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Sfera A, Osorio C, Rahman L, Zapata-Martín del Campo CM, Maldonado JC, Jafri N, Cummings MA, Maurer S, Kozlakidis Z. PTSD as an Endothelial Disease: Insights From COVID-19. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:770387. [PMID: 34776871 PMCID: PMC8586713 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.770387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, has affected almost every aspect of human life, precipitating stress-related pathology in vulnerable individuals. As the prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in pandemic survivors exceeds that of the general and special populations, the virus may predispose to this disorder by directly interfering with the stress-processing pathways. The SARS-CoV-2 interactome has identified several antigens that may disrupt the blood-brain-barrier by inducing premature senescence in many cell types, including the cerebral endothelial cells. This enables the stress molecules, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, to aberrantly activate the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex, increasing the vulnerability to stress related disorders. This is supported by observing the beneficial effects of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in both posttraumatic stress disorder and SARS-CoV-2 critical illness. In this narrative review, we take a closer look at the virus-host dialog and its impact on the renin-angiotensin system, mitochondrial fitness, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We discuss the role of furin cleaving site, the fibrinolytic system, and Sigma-1 receptor in the pathogenesis of psychological trauma. In other words, learning from the virus, clarify the molecular underpinnings of stress related disorders, and design better therapies for these conditions. In this context, we emphasize new potential treatments, including furin and bromodomains inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Carolina Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Leah Rahman
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Jose Campo Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Steve Maurer
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Balters S, Gowda N, Ordonez F, Paredes PE. Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20646. [PMID: 34667184 PMCID: PMC8526569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In-car passive stress sensing could enable the monitoring of stress biomarkers while driving and reach millions of commuters daily (i.e., 123 million daily commuters in the US alone). Here, we present a nonintrusive method to detect stress solely from steering angle data of a regular car. The method uses inverse filtering to convert angular movement data into a biomechanical Mass Spring Damper model of the arm and extracts its damped natural frequency as an approximation of muscle stiffness, which in turn reflects stress. We ran a within-subject study (N = 22), in which commuters drove a vehicle around a closed circuit in both stress and calm conditions. As hypothesized, cohort analysis revealed a significantly higher damped natural frequency for the stress condition (P = .023, d = 0.723). Subsequent automation of the method achieved rapid (i.e., within 8 turns) stress detection in the individual with a detection accuracy of 77%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Balters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Gowda
- Alliance Innovation Lab Silicon Valley, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Ordonez
- Computer Science Department, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pablo E Paredes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Transnational and Transdisciplinary Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm14100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On 7 January 2020, China identified a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [...]
Collapse
|
87
|
Couarraze S, Delamarre L, Marhar F, Quach B, Jiao J, Avilés Dorlhiac R, Saadaoui F, Liu ASI, Dubuis B, Antunes S, Andant N, Pereira B, Ugbolue UC, Baker JS, Clinchamps M, Dutheil F. The major worldwide stress of healthcare professionals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic - the international COVISTRESS survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257840. [PMID: 34614016 PMCID: PMC8494302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has initiated an upheaval in society and has been the cause of considerable stress during this period. Healthcare professionals have been on the front line during this health crisis, particularly paramedical staff. The aim of this study was to assess the high level of stress of healthcare workers during the first wave of the pandemic. Materials and methods The COVISTRESS international study is a questionnaire disseminated online collecting demographic and stress-related data over the globe, during the pandemic. Stress levels were evaluated using non-calibrated visual analog scale, from 0 (no stress) to 100 (maximal stress). Results Among the 13,537 individuals from 44 countries who completed the survey from January to June 2020, we included 10,051 workers (including 1379 healthcare workers, 631 medical doctors and 748 paramedical staff). The stress levels during the first wave of the pandemic were 57.8 ± 33 in the whole cohort, 65.3 ± 29.1 in medical doctors, and 73.6 ± 27.7 in paramedical staff. Healthcare professionals and especially paramedical staff had the highest levels of stress (p < 0.001 vs non-healthcare workers). Across all occupational categories, women had systematically significantly higher levels of work-related stress than men (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between age and stress level (r = -0.098, p < 0.001). Healthcare professionals demonstrated an increased risk of very-high stress levels (>80) compared to other workers (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.87–2.41). Paramedical staff risk for very-high levels of stress was higher than doctors’ (1.88, 1.50–2.34). The risk of high levels of stress also increased in women (1.83, 1.61–2.09; p < 0.001 vs. men) and in people aged <50 (1.45, 1.26–1.66; p < 0.001 vs. aged >50). Conclusions The first wave of the pandemic was a major stressful event for healthcare workers, especially paramedical staff. Among individuals, women were the most at risk while age was a protective factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Couarraze
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of Toulouse, University Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- UMR EFTS, Université Toulouse 2 –Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Louis Delamarre
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of Toulouse, University Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fouad Marhar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Binh Quach
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Foued Saadaoui
- King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, College of Sciences and Theoretical Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andy Su-I Liu
- University of Taipei, Exercise and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Benoït Dubuis
- Université de Genève, UNIGE, Fondation INARTIS, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Antunes
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário, Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses, APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Andant
- University Hospital of Clermont Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research and Innovation Direction—Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- University Hospital of Clermont Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research and Innovation Direction—Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ukadike C. Ugbolue
- University of the West of Scotland, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Practical Report of Disaster-Related Mental Health Interventions Following the Great East Japan Earthquake during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential for Suicide Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910424. [PMID: 34639724 PMCID: PMC8507691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: This practical report aims to publicize the ongoing disaster-related mental health interventions following the Great East Japan Earthquake during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Disaster-related mental health interventions consisted of: (1) screening high-risk evacuees with high psychological distress (Kessler 6 score ≥ 13) or binge drinking; and (2) visiting selected high-risk individuals and providing them counseling through outreach in evacuee housing. These activity records were compiled from existing material in the Sendai City Office; therefore, no new interviews or questionnaire surveys were conducted. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we introduced telephone counseling and shortened the time of support as a result of the restrictions. Counselors addressed issues of “loneliness” or “isolation” among evacuees, who had little connection with society due to the pandemic. Moreover, the procedure for obtaining COVID-19 special financial aid was explained to evacuees in financial difficulty. During this period, the suicide rates in the affected area did not increase significantly as compared to the national average. Conclusions: Our report may be instructive in terms of preventing suicide during the pandemic using high-risk approaches and counselors trained in disaster-related mental health interventions.
Collapse
|
89
|
Iskandarsyah A, Shabrina A, Djunaidi A, Siswadi AGP. Mental Health, Work Satisfaction and, Quality of Life Among Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Indonesian Sample. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1437-1446. [PMID: 34557045 PMCID: PMC8455290 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s330676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals (HCP) might experience mental health problems and work-related stress, which can lead to less satisfaction at work and decreased health and quality of life in the long period. This study aims to explore the role of mental health and workplace satisfaction on the quality of life in health professionals who are involved in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional approach using purposive sampling techniques. The online survey was conducted from May through September 2020. A total of 200 respondents from the West Java province in Indonesia were included. Data on mental health, work satisfaction, and quality of life were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis. Responses to open questions regarding concerns and strengths were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS An increased mental health symptom experienced by healthcare professionals was associated with decreased health status (β=-0.724, p=0.001) and self-perceived health (β=-0.59, p=0.001). Further, serving patients with COVID-19 (β=-0.133, p=0.024) was related to lower health status. Five themes emerged regarding concerns about being exposed to COVID-19, namely 1) fear of transmitting the virus, 2) the impact of COVID-19 on family life, 3) death and isolation, 4) personal safety, and 5) social stigma. Five themes emerged regarding the source of encouragement and strength, ie. 1) religiosity, 2) social support systems, 3) the moral responsibility of the profession, 4) following health and safety protocols, and 5) acceptance and positive attitudes towards the future. CONCLUSION Mental health problems impacted the quality of life. Serving patients with COVID-19 could predict lower health status. HCPs' concerns and sources of strength when exposed to COVID-19 are discussed. Our results give a better understanding of the factors that can decrease and improve HCPs' quality of life, therefore can be used to design psychological interventions to lower HCP's psychological problems and improving their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aulia Iskandarsyah
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Arina Shabrina
- Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Djunaidi
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Giannopoulou I, Galinaki S, Kollintza E, Adamaki M, Kympouropoulos S, Alevyzakis E, Tsamakis K, Tsangaris I, Spandidos DA, Siafakas N, Zoumpourlis V, Rizos E. COVID-19 and post-traumatic stress disorder: The perfect 'storm' for mental health (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1162. [PMID: 34504607 PMCID: PMC8392877 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its outbreak, in December, 2019, in the Chinese city of Wuhan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into an ongoing global pandemic. Due to the novel antigenic properties of this virus, the world population could not develop immunity effectively and this led to the subsequent spread of COVID-19. This caused an unprecedented emergency situation with significant negative effects on health and well-being both on an individual and societal level. Apart from health, economic and social consequences, the impact of this pandemic on mental health is increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive discussion of the possible neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, together with the related underlying molecular pathways. In addition, the present review focused on populations which are at a higher risk of developing psychiatric disturbances due to the COVID-19 pandemic and discussed possible routes of clinical management and therapeutics to minimize the burden associated with psychiatric disorders. Moreover, research findings exploring the prevalence of COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across vulnerable groups, including children, adolescents and COVID-19 survivors are presented, with particular emphasis on those with severe disease who required hospitalization and/or intensive care unit admission. Based on the available literature, the identification of potential determinants associated with PTSD across the different populations is underlined. Lessons learnt from the pandemics across the globe together with the ongoing research on COVID-19 and its impact on mental health, highlight the utmost importance for evidence-based, proactive and targeted interventions in high-risk groups aiming to mitigate the risks and manage vulnerabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Giannopoulou
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Sofia Galinaki
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kollintza
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kympouropoulos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Evangelos Alevyzakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Iraklis Tsangaris
- Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Alexander C, Vasefi M. Cannabidiol and the corticoraphe circuit in post-traumatic stress disorder. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:88-102. [PMID: 34485973 PMCID: PMC8408530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance, negative affect, and impaired memory processing, may develop after traumatic events. PTSD is complicated by impaired plasticity and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity, hyperactivity of the amygdala, and impaired fear extinction. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a promising candidate for treatment due to its multimodal action that enhances plasticity and calms hyperexcitability. CBD’s mechanism in the mPFC of PTSD patients has been explored extensively, but literature on the mechanism in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is lacking. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we examined current literature regarding CBD in PTSD and overlapping symptomologies to propose a mechanism by which CBD treats PTSD via corticoraphe circuit. Acute CBD inhibits excess 5-HT release from DRN to amygdala and releases anandamide (AEA) onto amygdala inputs. By first reducing amygdala and DRN hyperactivity, CBD begins to ameliorate activity disparity between mPFC and amygdala. Chronic CBD recruits the mPFC, creating harmonious corticoraphe signaling. DRN releases enough 5-HT to ameliorate mPFC hypoactivity, while the mPFC continuously excites DRN 5-HT neurons via glutamate. Meanwhile, AEA regulates corticoraphe activity to stabilize signaling. AEA prevents DRN GABAergic interneurons from inhibiting 5-HT release so the DRN can assist the mPFC in overcoming its hypoactivity. DRN-mediated restoration of mPFC activity underlies CBD’s mechanism on fear extinction and learning of stress coping. CBD reduces PTSD symptoms via the DRN and corticoraphe circuit. Acute effects of CBD reduce DRN-amygdala excitatory signaling to lessen the activity disparity between amygdala and mPFC. Chronic CBD officially resolves mPFC hypoactivity by facilitating 5-HT release from DRN to mPFC. CBD-facilitated endocannabinoid signaling stabilizes DRN activity and restores mPFC inhibitory control. Chronically administered CBD acts via the corticoraphe circuit to favor fear extinction over fear memory reconsolidation.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- 5-HT, Serotonin
- 5-HT1AR, 5-HT Receptor Type 1A
- 5-HT2AR, 5-HT Receptor Type 2 A
- AEA, Anandamide
- CB1R, Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1
- CB2R, Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2
- CBD, Cannabidiol
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
- Cannabidiol
- DRN, Dorsal Raphe Nucleus
- ERK1/2, Extracellular Signal-Related Kinases Type 1 or Type 2
- FAAH, Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase
- GABA, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- GPCRs, G-Protein Coupled Receptors
- NMDAR, N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors
- PET, Positron Emission Tomography
- PFC, DRN and Raphe
- PFC, Prefrontal Cortex
- PTSD
- PTSD, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- SSNRI, Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
- SSRI, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
- Serotonin
- TRPV1, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channels
- Traumatic Stress
- fMRI, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- mPFC, Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Alexander
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
| | - Maryam Vasefi
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Martínez-Caballero CM, Cárdaba-García RM, Varas-Manovel R, García-Sanz LM, Martínez-Piedra J, Fernández-Carbajo JJ, Pérez-Pérez L, Madrigal-Fernández MA, Barba-Pérez MÁ, Olea E, Durantez-Fernández C, Herrero-Frutos MT. Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 Trauma on Developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Emergency Medical Workers in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179132. [PMID: 34501726 PMCID: PMC8431006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic presented the characteristics of a traumatic event that could trigger post-traumatic stress disorder. Emergency Medical Services workers are already a high-risk group due to their professional development. The research project aimed to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EMS professionals in terms of their mental health. For this purpose, we present a descriptive crosssectional study with survey methodology. A total of 317 EMS workers (doctors, nurses, and emergency medical technicians) were recruited voluntarily. Psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and insomnia were assessed. The instruments were the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS-8), and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-8). We found that 36% of respondents had psychological distress, 30.9% potentially had PTSD, and 60.9% experienced insomnia. Years of work experience were found to be positively correlated, albeit with low effect, with the PTSD score (r = 0.133). Finally, it can be stated that the COVID-19 pandemic has been a traumatic event for EMS workers. The number of professionals presenting psychological distress, possible PTSD, or insomnia increased dramatically during the early phases of the pandemic. This study highlights the need for mental health disorder prevention programmes for EMS workers in the face of a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Martínez-Caballero
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocío Varas-Manovel
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
| | - Laura M. García-Sanz
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
| | | | - Juan J. Fernández-Carbajo
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
| | - Lucía Pérez-Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Primary Care Management Valladolid West (SACYL), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Madrigal-Fernández
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Barba-Pérez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain or (L.P.-P.); or (M.A.M.-F.); (M.Á.B.-P.); (E.O.)
- Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - M. Teresa Herrero-Frutos
- Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain; (C.M.M.-C.); (R.M.C.-G.); (R.V.-M.); (L.M.G.-S.); (J.J.F.-C.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
McKeaveney C, Noble H, Carswell C, Johnston W, Reid J. Psychosocial Well-Being of Patients with Kidney Failure Receiving Haemodialysis during a Pandemic: A Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1087. [PMID: 34442224 PMCID: PMC8392847 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living with kidney failure and undergoing hospital haemodialysis (HD) is associated with a high prevalence of mental health problems and poor quality of life. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional challenges for this patient population. OBJECTIVES To understand the impact on mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in people receiving HD. METHODS An online survey using a cross-sectional study design. Two validated assessment tools (General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12); Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI)), binary, Likert and free-text qualitative questions were included. Individuals with kidney failure receiving HD, over 18 years of age, were recruited online between July and August 2020. RESULTS Forty-four participants were recruited. Approximately, 54% of respondents were tested for COVID-19; however, no positive results were reported by patients or associated family members. Scores of GHQ-12 and PWI were compared with those from previous studies. Mental health distress was higher in prevalence (68.2%) and severity (M = 18.3) in this study when compared to that of the general population in Northern Ireland during COVID-19 (April 2020). In addition, well-being (M = 37.16, SD = 18.19) was poorer when compared to that of a pre-COVID-19 dialysis patient population. CONCLUSION During the current pandemic, individuals receiving hospital HD have heightened mental health distress, and their well-being is impacted negatively. This study reinforces the need to provide appropriate psychosocial care as well as supportive interventions for mental distress to patients with kidney failure during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare McKeaveney
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.M.); (H.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Helen Noble
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.M.); (H.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Claire Carswell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.M.); (H.N.); (C.C.)
| | - William Johnston
- Northern Ireland Kidney Patient Association, c/o Dialysis Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK;
- Kidney Care, Alton GU34 1EF, UK
| | - Joanne Reid
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.M.); (H.N.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Qiu D, Li Y, Li L, He J, Ouyang F, Xiao S. Infectious Disease Outbreak and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:668784. [PMID: 34421723 PMCID: PMC8376538 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As one of the most widely researched consequence of traumatic events, the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak varies greatly across studies. This review aimed at examining the pooled prevalence of PTSS among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak, summarizing the possible causes of the inconsistencies in the current estimates. Methods: Systematic searches of databases were conducted for literature published on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PsycArticles, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) until 14 October 2020. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (registration number: CRD42020182366). Results: About 106 studies were included. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSS among the general population exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak was 24.20% (95% CI: 18.54-30.53%), the pooled prevalence of PTSS among healthcare workers was 24.35% (95% CI: 18.38-1.51%), the pooled prevalence of PTSS among patients with infectious disease was 28.83% (95% CI: 18.53-44.86%), and the pooled prevalence of PTSS among suspected cases of infectious disease was 25.04% (95% CI: 18.05-34.73%). Mortality rate was a significant contributor to heterogeneity. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that PTSS were very common among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak. Health policymakers should consider both short-term and long-term preventive strategy of PTSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyun Ouyang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Ingegnoli F, Buoli M, Posio C, Di Taranto R, Lo Muscio A, Cumbo E, Ostuzzi S, Caporali R. COVID-19 related poor mental health and sleep disorders in rheumatic patients: a citizen science project. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:385. [PMID: 34344329 PMCID: PMC8330176 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic rheumatic diseases (RDs) are more vulnerable and the containment measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic might have severe psychological consequences. We investigated the presence of and risk factors associated with poor mental health, sleep disorders among RDs during the pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional Italian citizen science project evaluated the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with RDs. Between May and September 2020, eleven RD patients' associations sent the survey by using their mailing list and the related webpage and social network. 507 RD patients completed an ad-hoc anonymous online survey including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). RESULTS The mean scores on the PSS-10 and the IES-R were 18.1 and 29.7, respectively. Higher PSS scores were associated with younger age (p < 0.01), female gender (p < 0.01), overweight/obesity (p = 0.01), psychiatric pharmacotherapy (p < 0.01), and anxiety for loss of income (p < 0.01). Higher IES-R scores were associated with female gender (p < 0.01), intestinal diseases (p = 0.03), anxiety (p < 0.01), and health concern (p < 0.01). Among 375 patients with inflammatory arthritis, 246 (65.6%) had trouble staying asleep, 238 (63.5%) falling asleep, and 112 (29.9%) had dreams about the pandemic. Older age (OR = 1.038, CI 1.002-1.076), psychiatric pharmacotherapy (OR = 25.819, CI 11.465-58.143), and COVID infection (OR = 2.783, CI 1.215-6.372) were predictive of insomnia during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS A considerable COVID-19 related psychosocial burden has been detected in RDs. Different factors were predictive of poor mental health and sleep disorders in these patients. Focused supportive strategies should be implemented to improve the psychological well-being of fragile patients during pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ingegnoli
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Posio
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Taranto
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lo Muscio
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Cumbo
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ostuzzi
- ALOMAR Lombard Association for Rheumatic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Antičević V, Bubić A, Britvić D. Peritraumatic Distress and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Contributions of Psychosocial Factors and Pandemic-Related Stressors. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:691-700. [PMID: 34121215 PMCID: PMC8426734 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the contributions of sociodemographic factors, psychological hardiness, and pandemic-related stressors to the development of peritraumatic distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examined the mediating contribution of peritraumatic distress with respect to the associations between PTSS and (a) individual characteristics and (b) pandemic-related stressors. A total of 1,238 participants (82.1% women, 17.9% men) aged 18-75 years were included in the study. Participants completed the Dispositional Resilience Scale, Peritraumatic Distress Inventory, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist. The results showed that 11.5% of participants scored above the clinical cutoff for peritraumatic distress, and 12.8% of participants scored above the clinical cutoff for PTSS. Regression models showed that higher levels of peritraumatic distress were statistically predicted by female gender, β = -.12, p < .001; exposure to more than one stressor, β = .21, p < .001; lower levels of commitment to people and activities, β = -.12, p = .002; and resistance to challenges, β = -.17, p < .001. Additionally, male gender, β = .05, p = .007; younger age, β = -.05, p = .005; lower levels of commitment to people and activities, β = -.11, p < .001; lower ratings of hardiness with regard to challenge, β = -.04, p = .043; and more severe peritraumatic distress, β = .75, p < .001, predicted more severe PTSS during the pandemic. Peritraumatic distress mediated the associations between PTSS and both the number of experienced stressors and psychological hardiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreja Bubić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesUniversity of SplitSplitCroatia
| | - Dolores Britvić
- Split University HospitalSplitCroatia
- School of MedicineUniversity of SplitSplitCroatia
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Simor P, Polner B, Báthori N, Sifuentes-Ortega R, Van Roy A, Albajara Sáenz A, Luque González A, Benkirane O, Nagy T, Peigneux P. Home confinement during the COVID-19: day-to-day associations of sleep quality with rumination, psychotic-like experiences, and somatic symptoms. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab029. [PMID: 33567067 PMCID: PMC7928634 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, populations from many countries have been confined at home for extended periods of time in stressful environmental and media conditions. Cross-sectional studies already evidence deleterious psychological consequences, with poor sleep as a risk factor for impaired mental health. However, limitations of cross-sectional assessments are response bias tendencies and the inability to track daily fluctuations in specific subjective experiences in extended confinement conditions. In a prospective study conducted across three European countries, we queried participants (N = 166) twice a day through an online interface about their sleep quality and their negative psychological experiences for two consecutive weeks. The focus was set on between- and within-person associations of subjective sleep quality with daytime experiences, such as rumination, psychotic-like experiences, and somatic complaints about the typical symptoms of the coronavirus. The results show that daily reports of country-specific COVID-19 deaths predicted increased negative mood, psychotic-like experiences, and somatic complaints during the same day and decreased subjective sleep quality the following night. Disrupted sleep was globally associated with negative psychological outcomes during the study period, and a relatively poorer night of sleep predicted increased rumination, psychotic-like experiences, and somatic complaints the following day. This temporal association was not paralleled by daytime mental complaints predicting relatively poorer sleep quality on the following night. Our findings show that night-to-night changes in sleep quality predict how individuals cope the next day with daily challenges induced by home confinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertalan Polner
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Báthori
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebeca Sifuentes-Ortega
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Roy
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariadna Albajara Sáenz
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alba Luque González
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oumaima Benkirane
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Rück C, Mataix-Cols D, Malki K, Adler M, Flygare O, Runeson B, Sidorchuk A. Swedish nationwide time series analysis of influenza and suicide deaths from 1910 to 1978. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049302. [PMID: 34233997 PMCID: PMC8266430 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic will be associated with an increase in suicides, but evidence supporting a link between pandemics and suicide is limited. Using data from the three influenza pandemics of the 20th century, we aimed to investigate whether an association exists between influenza deaths and suicide deaths. DESIGN Time series analysis. SETTING Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Deaths from influenza and suicides extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of Sweden for 1910-1978, covering three pandemics (the Spanish influenza, the Asian influenza and the Hong Kong influenza). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Annual suicide rates in Sweden among the whole population, men and women. Non-linear autoregressive distributed lag models was implemented to explore if there is a short-term and/or long-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates with suicide rates during 1910-1978. RESULTS Between 1910 and 1978, there was no evidence of either short-term or long-term significant associations between influenza death rates and changes in suicides (β coefficients of 0.00002, p=0.931 and β=0.00103, p=0.764 for short-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates, respectively, with suicide rates, and β=-0.0002, p=0.998 and β=0.00211, p=0.962 for long-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates, respectively, with suicide rates). The same pattern emerged in separate analyses for men and women. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of short-term or long-term association between influenza death rates and suicide death rates across three 20th century pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rück
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kinda Malki
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Adler
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Flygare
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Runeson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sidorchuk
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Zhou YG, Shang ZL, Zhang F, Wu LL, Sun LN, Jia YP, Yu HB, Liu WZ. PTSD: Past, present and future implications for China. Chin J Traumatol 2021; 24:187-208. [PMID: 33994278 PMCID: PMC8343811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a long history since human beings began to realize the existence of post-traumatic symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a diagnostic category adopted in 1980 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Ⅲ, described typical clusters of psychiatric symptoms occurring after traumatic events. Abundant researches have helped deepen the understanding of PTSD in terms of epidemiological features, biological mechanisms, and treatment options. The prevalence of PTSD in general population ranged from 6.4% to 7.8% and was significantly higher among groups who underwent major public traumatic events. There has been a long way in the studies of animal models and genetic characteristics of PTSD. However, the high comorbidity with other stress-related psychiatric disorders and complexity in the pathogenesis of PTSD hindered the effort to find specific biological targets for PTSD. Neuroimage was widely used to elucidate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of PTSD. Functional MRI studies have showed that PTSD was linked to medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and sub-cortical structures like amygdala and hippocampus, and to explore the functional connectivity among these brain areas which might reveal the possible neurobiological mechanism related to PTSD symptoms. For now, cognitive behavior therapy-based psychotherapy, including combination with adjunctive medication, showed evident treatment effects on PTSD. The emergence of more effective PTSD pharmacotherapies awaits novel biomarkers from further fundamental research. Several natural disasters and emergencies have inevitably increased the possibility of suffering from PTSD in the last two decades, making it critical to strengthen PTSD research in China. To boost PTSD study in China, the following suggestions might be helpful: (1) establishing a national psychological trauma recover project, and (2) exploring the mechanisms of PTSD with joint effort and strengthening the indigenized treatment of PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Guang Zhou
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Shang
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lu-Na Sun
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan-Pu Jia
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Wei-Zhi Liu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Corresponding author. Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Reame NK. Anxiety and hot flashes as predictors of mid-life palpitations: getting to the heart of the matter in the time of COVID-19. Menopause 2021; 28:731-734. [PMID: 34165445 PMCID: PMC8240496 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|