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Wang Y, Wong R, Amano T, Shen H. Associations between volunteering and cognitive impairment: The moderating role of race/ethnicity. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e4433-e4441. [PMID: 35599382 PMCID: PMC10084262 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although volunteering has been shown to benefit cognitive health, there is a paucity of evidence on informal volunteering and subjective measures of cognitive impairment. Also, little is known about whether such relationships vary by race/ethnicity. This study aimed to examine the associations of both formal and informal volunteering with older adults' objective and subjective cognition and explore the moderating role of race/ethnicity in such associations. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States (2010-2016), 9941 older adults (51+) who were cognitively unimpaired in 2010 and alive through 2016 were included. Ordered logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationships among volunteering, cognitive impairment and race/ethnicity. Findings showed that more years of formal and informal volunteering significantly reduced the odds of objective cognitive impairment; neither volunteering type was significant for subjective cognitive impairment. The relationship between informal volunteering and objective cognition varied by race/ethnicity. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Black older adults who engaged in more years of informal volunteering had a significantly higher odds of cognitive impairment over time. The current study is one of the first to look at the associations between informal volunteering and cognition. The inclusion of subjective cognitive impairment, paired with objective measures of cognition, also adds value to the knowledge body. Our findings indicate any type of volunteering is a viable approach to prevent cognitive impairment for older populations. However, more research is needed to better understand why racial/ethnic minority, particularly non-Hispanic Black older adults, do not benefit from informal volunteering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Social WorkUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Roger Wong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive MedicineState University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Takashi Amano
- Department of Social WorkRutgers University – NewarkNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Huei‐Wern Shen
- Department of Social WorkUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
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Szcześniak D, Lenart-Bugla M, Misiak B, Zimny A, Sąsiadek M, Połtyn-Zaradna K, Zatońska K, Zatoński T, Szuba A, Smith EE, Yusuf S, Rymaszewska J. Unraveling the Protective Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition and Brain: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12228. [PMID: 36231530 PMCID: PMC9566249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that brain maintenance expressed in white matter hyperintensities and brain reserves, defined as gray and white matter volumes, mediate the association between cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive performance. A cross-sectional population-based observational study was conducted, and the final study sample consisted of 763 participants (282 men and 481 women) with a mean age of 61.11 years (±9.0). Data from different categories were collected from study participants, such as demographic, lifestyle, medical, and psycho-social characteristics. All participants underwent a detailed psychometric evaluation (MoCA and DSST) followed by a brain MRI. Volumetric measurements of the total gray matter (GMvol), total white matter (WMvol), and white matter hyperintensities (WMHvol) were performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12 (CAT12) and Statistical Parametric Maps 12 (SPM12) based on 3D T1-weighted sequence. Significant direct and indirect effects of cognitive reserve on cognitive functioning were measured with both scales-the MoCA and DSST. In each mediation model, the volumes of WMH and GM were significant mediators for the association between cognitive reserve and cognitive performance. This study confirms the importance of strengthening the cognitive reserve in the course of life through potentially modifiable effects on both cognition and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Lenart-Bugla
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zimny
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Sąsiadek
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Zatońska
- Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zatoński
- Department and Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eric E. Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kim J, Lee J, Ko MJ, Min Oh S. Leisure, Mental Health, and Life Satisfaction among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:477-487. [PMID: 36109858 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Little research has investigated the relationship between types of leisure activities and mental health outcomes among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The purpose of this study was to investigate how certain leisure activities are associated with life satisfaction, anxiety, loneliness, happiness, and positive and negative affect. Methods: In this study, we used the 2020 Health and Retirement Study Core Early data and conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to investigate the different effects of the 3 types of leisure activities on the mental health of older adults with MCI (N=901). Results: We found that leisure-time physical activity was the strongest predictor of enhanced life satisfaction, positive affect, and happiness, and reduced anxiety and loneliness. In addition, sedentary leisure was associated with reduced anxiety and loneliness and increased happiness. Conclusions: These findings suggest that engagement in leisure-time physical activity and sedentary leisure can be instrumental in promoting the life satisfaction and mental health of older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Junhyoung Kim, Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, United States
| | - Jungjoo Lee
- Jungjoo, Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Myung Jin Ko
- Myungjin Ko, Student, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, and Co-founder/CEO, Silvia Health;,
| | - Seok Min Oh
- Seok Min Oh, Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Sayre MK, Bharadwaj PK, Lai MHC, Wilcox RR, Alexander GE. Leisure-time sedentary behaviors are differentially associated with all-cause dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206931119. [PMID: 35994664 PMCID: PMC9436362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206931119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality, but its association with dementia is currently unclear. This study investigates whether SB is associated with incident dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity (PA). A total of 146,651 participants from the UK Biobank who were 60 years or older and did not have a diagnosis of dementia (mean [SD] age: 64.59 [2.84] years) were included. Self-reported leisure-time SBs were divided into two domains: time spent watching television (TV) or time spent using a computer. A total of 3,507 individuals were diagnosed with all-cause dementia over a mean follow-up of 11.87 (±1.17) years. In models adjusted for a wide range of covariates, including time spent in PA, time spent watching TV was associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 1.24 [1.15 to 1.32]) and time spent using a computer was associated with decreased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.81 to 0.90]). In joint associations with PA, TV time and computer time remained significantly associated with dementia risk at all PA levels. Reducing time spent in cognitively passive SB (i.e., TV time) and increasing time spent in cognitively active SB (i.e., computer time) may be effective behavioral modification targets for reducing risk of dementia regardless of engagement in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - M. Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | | | - Mark H. C. Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Rand R. Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85006
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Tian G, Shuai J, Li R, Zhou T, Shi Y, Cheng G, Yan Y. Association between playing cards/mahjong and risk of incident dementia among the Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:966647. [PMID: 36072484 PMCID: PMC9441854 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.966647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Studies have shown that the frequent participation of the elderly in cognitive stimulation activities is associated with a reduced risk of dementia, but the prospective evidence of this association is limited. Methods: We used data from a prospective cohort study of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and included 11,821 community-living Chinese individuals aged 65 years or older at 2008 baseline who were free of dementia, and were followed up every 2–3 years until 2018. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to generate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for analyzing the associations between the frequency of playing cards/mahjong and the incidence of dementia. Results: A total of 821 participants were diagnosed with dementia during the 10-year follow-up. The average age of patients with dementia and non dementia were 89 and 90 years old, respectively. Compared with participants who rarely or never played cards/mahjong, participants who played cards/mahjong almost every day had a significantly lower risk of dementia (HR = 0.63; 95%CI, 0.42–0.95) after the multivariable-adjusted model. Similar results were observed in subgroup analyses based on sex (male: HR = 0.52, 0.28–0.96; female: HR = 0.62, 0.36–0.98), age (<85years: HR = 0.55, 0.32–0.89), regularly exercise (yes: HR = 0.44, 0.28–0.87) and MMSE score [above median (25): HR = 0.66, 0.41–0.92]. Conclusions: Playing cards/mahjong in the elderly may contribute to reducing the risk of dementia.
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Wion RK, Fazeli PL, Vance DE. The Association Between Leisure Activity Engagement and Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older People With HIV. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2022; 62:1018-1028. [PMID: 34792135 PMCID: PMC9372889 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Middle-aged and older adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which may be improved by engaging in leisure activities. We examined associations between HRQoL and participation in cognitive, physical, social, and passive leisure activities, and whether depressive symptoms mediated these relationships. Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model of HRQoL guided this study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this cross-sectional observational study, we enrolled 174 adults living with HIV aged 40 and older (M = 51.3, SD = 7.03). Participants completed assessments of leisure activities, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rho correlations, hierarchal multiple regression, and mediation analyses. RESULTS Greater engagement in physical activities was associated with higher physical HRQoL (b = 2.02, p < .05). Greater engagement in social activities was associated with both higher physical (b = 1.44, p < .05) and mental HRQoL (b = 1.95, p < .01). However, all associations between leisure activities and HRQoL were fully attenuated by depressive symptoms. Cognitive and passive leisure activities were not significantly correlated with HRQoL. Mediation analyses confirmed that depressive symptoms were the mediator mechanism by which social activities affected mental and physical HRQoL. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS More frequent engagement in physical and social leisure activities is associated with better HRQoL, and social leisure activities improve HRQoL via their impact on mood. Interventions to increase leisure activities, especially among people living with HIV who have poorer affective functioning, may be the most effective approach to improving HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Wion
- School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Pariya L Fazeli
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David E Vance
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Wang J, Liu N, Zhao X. Association of Playing Cards or Mahjong with Cognitive Function in Chinese Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159249. [PMID: 35954599 PMCID: PMC9368645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline in older adults is a major public health threat. This study aimed to explore the association of participation in cards or mahjong with cognitive function in older adults. A total of 7308 older adults were selected from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. The participants were classified according to the frequency of playing cards or mahjong into the “regularly” (R) group, “occasionally” (O) group, or “never” (N) group. The results showed that older persons in the R group and O group had better cognitive function than those in the N group. Specifically, significant differences were found in attention and calculation, language, and total MMSE score between the R group and the N group. However, significant differences were not observed for adults aged 60–69 years old. Regression analysis indicated that playing cards or mahjong, together with age, educational level, sex, marital status, and occupation before age 60 could explain the cognitive function. The findings suggest that there is an association between participation in cards or mahjong and cognitive function in the population of Chinese older adults, and that the frequency of participation plays an important role in the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Nan Liu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-574-87609369
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Sharew NT. The Effect of Multimodal Non-pharmacological Interventions on Cognitive Function Improvement for People With Dementia: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:894930. [PMID: 35903373 PMCID: PMC9314571 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.894930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dementia is a progressive brain degeneration characterized by a progressive deterioration in cognition and independent living capacity. Since dementia is a complex syndrome, multimodal non-pharmacological interventions (MNPIs) are highly recommended. Currently, there is less available evidence to describe the content, length, and frequency of multimodal interventions for cognitive function improvement for people with dementia (PWD). Method A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Medline international databases. The quality appraisal of the studies was done by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools. Results A total of 19 controlled trial studies were included. Most of the included studies reported that MNPIs resulted in improvement, stability, or attenuation of decline in cognitive function of PWD. The reported effectiveness of MNPIs on cognitive function ranged from medium (0.29 Cohen's d) to large (2.02 Cohen's d) effect sizes. The median duration of intervention was 12 weeks for a 1-h session. Conclusion This systematic review showed that MNPIs might improve people's cognitive functions for PWD. Physical exercise, music, and cognitive interventions were used in the content of multimodal interventions in a majority of the studies. Therefore, high-quality randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies with repeated-measured design on the combined effect of physical exercise, music, and cognitive intervention on cognitive function for PWD are recommended. Systematic Review Registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42020222065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigussie Tadesse Sharew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Ayenigbara IO. Preventive Measures against the Development of Dementia in Old Age. Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:157-167. [PMID: 35610962 PMCID: PMC9136504 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a neurological condition characterized by numerous types of central nervous system diseases, which gradually deteriorates an individual’s reasoning, rational thinking, and judgment abilities. As a serious public health concern that currently affects more than 50 million older adults, dementia is one of the most significant causes of incapacity, disability, and dependency among older adults. As new cases are expected to increase exponentially in the next three decades, dementia, which is not a normal feature of healthy aging despite the fact that it generally affects older adults disproportionately, requires enormous management and care efforts due to its associated socioeconomic, psychological, and physical burdens that involve the patient, their caregivers, guardians, family members, and society at large. Presently, there is no cure for dementia; however, this condition could be prevented. This narrative review aimed to provide a broad overview of studies detailing the alternative lifestyle modification-centered preventive measures against dementia. A comprehensive search of key databases to find articles related to this topic revealed that participating in regular physical activities, healthy eating and dieting, avoiding all forms of smoking, avoiding air pollutants, halting or reducing alcohol consumption, exercising the mind and being socially dynamic, getting enough rest and establishing good sleeping habits, infection prevention, stress prevention, avoidance of injuries, preventing the effects of social isolation and lockdowns, continuing education, and depression prevention are protective measures against the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Oluwasegun Ayenigbara
- School and Community Health Education Unit, Department of Health Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- *Corresponding Author: Israel Oluwasegun Ayenigbara Tel: +234-8139177538, Fax: +234-809-810-3043, E-mail:
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Gelfo F, Petrosini L. Environmental Enrichment Enhances Cerebellar Compensation and Develops Cerebellar Reserve. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095697. [PMID: 35565093 PMCID: PMC9099498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The brain is able to change its structure and function in response to environmental stimulations. Several human and animal studies have documented that enhanced stimulations provide individuals with strengthened brain structure and function that allow them to better cope with damage. In this framework, studies based on the exposure of animals to environmental enrichment (EE) have provided indications of the mechanisms involved in such a beneficial action. The cerebellum is a very plastic brain region that responds to every experience with deep structural and functional rearrangement. The present review specifically aims to collect and synthesize the evidence provided by animal models on EE exposure effects on cerebellar structure and function by considering the studies on healthy subjects and on animals exposed to EE both before and after damage involving cerebellar functionality. On the whole, the evidence supports the role of EE in enhancing cerebellar compensation and developing cerebellar reserve. However, since studies addressing this issue are still scarce, large areas of inconsistency and lack of clarity remain. Further studies are required to provide suggestions on possible mechanisms of enhancement of compensatory responses in human patients following cerebellar damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gelfo
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy;
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Hansdottir H, Jonsdottir MK, Fisher DE, Eiriksdottir G, Jonsson PV, Gudnason V. Creativity, leisure activities, social engagement and cognitive impairment: the AGES-Reykjavík study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1027-1035. [PMID: 35075586 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in leisure activities and extensive social network have been associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia. AIMS We examined whether leisure activities (cognitive solitary, cognitive group, social, physical, or creative activities) and social involvement are associated with less incidence of CI or dementia. METHODS Analyses were performed from data of 2933 cognitively intact individuals at baseline included in the AGES-REYKJAVIK study. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for incident CI and dementia in relation to cognitive individual, cognitive group, social, physical, and creative leisure activities as well as social networks. Models were adjusted for a number of known risk factors for cognitive decline. RESULTS In 5 years, 12% of the cohort were diagnosed with CI or dementia. All leisure activities were associated with reduced likelihood of cognitive decline in the raw model, but in adjusted models, cognitive solitary [OR 0.49 (Confidence Interval (CI) 0.38-0.64)], cognitive group [OR 0.50 (CI 0.30-0.82)], and creative activities [OR 0.53 (CI 0.35-0.83)] were significantly associated with less cognitive decline. Analyses examining creative leisure activities independently, controlling for all other activities, suggested individuals participating in creative activities exhibited less CI [OR 0.64 (CI 0.41-0.98)]. Among social networks variables, frequency of meeting with friends and relatives was associated with reduced likelihood of CI [OR 0.49 (CI 0.31-0.75)]. DISCUSSION Cognitive and creative leisure activities and frequent gatherings with friends and relatives are associated with reduced incidence of CI in this older cohort. CONCLUSION Creative leisure activities might have special benefit for cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana E Fisher
- Office of Vision, Health and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Palmi V Jonsson
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Kurita S, Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Nakakubo S, Ishii H, Shimada H. Development of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Older Adults' Total Sedentary Time and Sedentary Time With Cognitive Activity. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:392-399. [PMID: 33840291 PMCID: PMC9003769 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211006468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a questionnaire for evaluating total sedentary time (ST) and ST with cognitive activity, and to examine the association between ST and cognitive function among Japanese older adults. The questionnaire to evaluate ST comprised 12 items regarding behavior in specific settings, including 8 items on ST with cognitive activity, in a usual week. Older adults aged ≥75 years who participated in a health check-up assessing cognitive function completed the developed questionnaire and subsequently wore an accelerometer and recorded a diary of ST with cognitive activity for a week as validity measures. Cognitive function was assessed with neuropsychological tests covering 4 domains: memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed. Fifty-two participants were included in the validity analysis. Spearman's correlation coefficient indicated fair-to-good agreement between the questionnaire-measured and the diary-measured time for ST with cognitive activity (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), but this was not the case for total ST. Bland-Altman plots showed that the questionnaire-measured total ST contained proportional bias (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis (n = 49) showed longer questionnaire-measured ST with cognitive activity was significantly associated with better neuropsychological test scores (attention: β = -0.38, p = 0.025; executive function: β = -0.46, p = 0.003; and processing speed: β = 0.31, p = 0.041), while total ST was not associated with better cognitive performance. The developed questionnaire showed acceptable validity to measure ST with cognitive activity, which was found to be protectively associated with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kurita
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan,Satoshi Kurita, Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishii
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
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Yan RWK, Kwok CPC, Kwok JOT, Lee KKW, Lu H, Chu WCW, Kwok TCY, Lam LCW, Lee ATC. Increasing participation in habitual intellectual activities on modulating functional connectivity of default mode network among older adults at risk of dementia: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:306. [PMID: 35422056 PMCID: PMC9009491 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active participation in intellectual leisure activities such as calligraphy helps prevent cognitive decline and dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. With disrupted functional connectivity (FC) of default mode network (DMN) associated with cognitive decline, we speculate that intellectual activities might optimize cognitive function through modulating FC of DMN. This two-arm single-blind randomized controlled trial aims to identify the effects of increasing practice of calligraphy on cognitive function and FC of DMN in people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS One hundred twelve community-living Chinese aged 55 to 75 years old with SCD but without mild cognitive impairment or dementia and with prior practice of calligraphy as defined by 1 h of calligraphy per week will be recruited through elderly social centres in Hong Kong and randomized into either control or intervention group. The control group will continue with their usual practice of calligraphy, whereas the intervention group will double their practice of calligraphy. Measurement of cognitive outcomes and neuroimaging on resting-state FC will be performed at baseline and in 6 months. Repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to assess cognitive and FC changes, with time being the within-group factor, control/intervention as the between-group measure, and important covariates (age, sex, educational and occupational attainment, health, and other lifestyle factors) controlled for. DISCUSSION This study will shed light on the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of how intellectual activities promotes cognitive maintenance. Our anticipated findings will provide evidence that reversing or slowing FC disruption by actively participating in intellectual activities is still possible for the at-risk individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900024433 . Registered on 11 July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W K Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Charlotte P C Kwok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jessie O T Kwok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kaspar K W Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hanna Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Timothy C Y Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Linda C W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Allen T C Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Tomioka K, Shima M, Saeki K. Age differences in the association of physical leisure activities with incident disability among community-dwelling older adults. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:16. [PMID: 35354710 PMCID: PMC9251618 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.21-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between leisure activities (LA) in old age and prevention of disability has not been fully investigated, and age and gender differences of these relationships are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether physical and cognitive LA predicted incident disability among community-dwelling older adults by age and gender. Methods We prospectively observed 8,275 residents aged 65 or above without disability at baseline for 3 years. Incident disability was defined as a new certification of the public long-term care insurance system. LA were classified into two types: physical LA and cognitive LA. The frequency of LA was categorized into frequent (i.e., once a week or more), moderate (i.e., monthly or yearly), and non-engagement. Covariates included age, gender, family number, education, perceived economic situation, body mass index, chronic medical conditions, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular dental visits, depression, cognitive functioning, and social participation. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident disability. We performed stratified analyses by age groups (i.e., the young-old aged 65–74 and the old-old aged 75–97) and gender (i.e., men and women). Results The 3-year cumulative incidence of disability was 7.5%. After adjustment for covariates and mutual adjustment for both types of LA, a significant dose-response relationship between more frequent LA and lower risk of incident disability was found in young-old physical LA (P-trend < 0.001), in old-old cognitive LA (P-trend = 0.012), in male cognitive LA (P-trend = 0.006), and in female physical LA (P-trend = 0.030). Compared with people without LA, adjusted CIR (95% CI) of frequent LA was 0.47 (0.30–0.74) in young-old physical, 0.75 (0.58–0.96) in old-old cognitive, 0.65 (0.46–0.89) in male cognitive, and 0.70 (0.52–0.95) in female physical. Regarding the effect modification according to age and gender, only interaction between age and physical LA significantly prevented incident disability (P for interaction = 0.019). Conclusion We found age differences in the association of physical LA with incident disability among community-dwelling older adults. An effective measure to prevent long-term care in the community would be to recommend frequent physical LA for the young-old. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.21-00018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University
| | - Midori Shima
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University
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65
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Wu Y, Jia M, Xiang C, Lin S, Jiang Z, Fang Y. Predicting the long-term cognitive trajectories using machine learning approaches: A Chinese nationwide longitudinal database. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114434. [PMID: 35172247 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the long-term cognitive trajectories and its' determinants, and construct prediction models for identifying high-risk populations with unfavorable cognitive trajectories. METHODS This study included 3502 older adults aged 65-105 years at their first observations in a 16-year longitudinal cohort study. Cognitive function was measured by the Chinese version Mini Mental State Examination. The heterogeneity of cognitive function was identified through mixed growth model. Machine learning algorithms, namely regularized logistic regression (r-LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and super learner (SL) were used to predict cognitive trajectories. Discrimination and calibration metrics were used for performance evaluation. RESULTS Two distinct trajectories were identified according to the changes of MMSE scores: intact cognitive functioning (93.6%), and dementia (6.4%). Older age, female gender, Han ethnicity, having no schooling, rural residents, low-frequency leisure activities, and low baseline BADL score were associated with a rapid decline in cognitive function. r-LR, SVM, and SL performed well in predicting cognitive trajectories (Sensitivity: 0.73, G-mean: 0.65). Age and psychological well-being were key predictors. CONCLUSION Two cognitive trajectories were identified among older Chinese, and the identified key factors could be targeted for constructing early risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang' an Nan Road, Xiang' an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Maoni Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang' an Nan Road, Xiang' an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Chaoyi Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang' an Nan Road, Xiang' an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Shaowu Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang' an Nan Road, Xiang' an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Zhongquan Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang' an Nan Road, Xiang' an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ya Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang' an Nan Road, Xiang' an District, Xiamen, Fujian, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
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66
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Xu C, Wang C, Tian X, Wu Y, Zhang D, Pang Z, Li S, Tan Q. Analysis of genetic and environmental correlation between leisure activities and cognitive function in aging Chinese twins. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:493-498. [PMID: 33295797 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1856777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leisure activity has been shown to be beneficial to mental health and cognitive aging. The biological basis of the correlation is, however, poorly understood. This study aimed at exploring the genetic and environmental impacts on correlation between leisure activities and cognitive function in the Chinese middle- and old-aged twins. METHODS Cognition measured using a screening test (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) and leisure activities including intellectual and social activity were investigated on 379 complete twin pairs of middle- and old-aged twins. Univariate and bivariate twin models were fitted to estimate the genetic and environmental components in their variance and covariance. RESULTS Moderate heritability was estimated for leisure activities and cognition (0.44-0.53) but insignificant for social activity. Common environmental factors accounted for about 0.36 of the total variance to social activity with no significant contribution to leisure activity, intellectual activity and cognition. Unique environmental factors displayed moderate contributions (0.47-0.64) to leisure activities and cognition. Bivariate analysis showed highly and positively genetic correlations between leisure activities and cognition (rG=0.80-0.96). Besides, intellectual activity and cognition presented low but significant unique environmental correlation (rE=0.12). CONCLUSIONS Genetic factor had the moderate contribution to leisure activities and cognition. Cognitive function was highly genetically related to leisure activities. Intellectual activity and cognitive function may share some unique environmental basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chu Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocao Tian
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxia Li
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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67
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Neuroimaging-derived brain age is associated with life satisfaction in cognitively unimpaired elderly: A community-based study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:25. [PMID: 35058431 PMCID: PMC8776862 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With the widespread increase in elderly populations, the quality of life and mental health in old age are issues of great interest. The human brain changes with age, and the brain aging process is biologically complex and varies widely among individuals. In this cross-sectional study, to clarify the effects of mental health, as well as common metabolic factors (e.g., diabetes) on healthy brain aging in late life, we analyzed structural brain MRI findings to examine the relationship between predicted brain age and life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, resilience, and lifestyle-related factors in elderly community-living individuals with unimpaired cognitive function. We extracted data from a community-based cohort study in Arakawa Ward, Tokyo. T1-weighted images of 773 elderly participants aged ≥65 years were analyzed, and the predicted brain age of each subject was calculated by machine learning from anatomically standardized gray-matter images. Specifically, we examined the relationships between the brain-predicted age difference (Brain-PAD: real age subtracted from predicted age) and life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, resilience, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Brain-PAD showed significant negative correlations with life satisfaction (Spearman's rs= -0.102, p = 0.005) and resilience (rs= -0.105, p = 0.004). In a multiple regression analysis, life satisfaction (p = 0.038), alcohol use (p = 0.040), and diabetes (p = 0.002) were independently correlated with Brain-PAD. Thus, in the cognitively unimpaired elderly, higher life satisfaction was associated with a 'younger' brain, whereas diabetes and alcohol use had negative impacts on life satisfaction. Subjective life satisfaction, as well as the prevention of diabetes and alcohol use, may protect the brain from accelerated aging.
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68
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Karsazi H, Hatami J, Rostami R, Moghadamzadeh A. The Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Relationships With Memory Function in an Iranian Elderly Sample. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:889177. [PMID: 35586406 PMCID: PMC9108157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.889177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate the Persian version of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ) and examine the relationship between life experience and memory function. To this end, two studies were conducted. Study one examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity of the Persian version of LEQ with 247 healthy elderly individuals (M age = 70.17, SD = 4.42; 55.9% women). The exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor solution, including Knowledge, Physical, Socialization, Artistic, and Leisure dimensions, which accounted for 42.42% of the explained variance. The internal consistency of the LEQ was in the acceptable range (α = 0.703). Also, the LEQ and its subscales (except the Artistic subscale) had a negative relationship with geriatric depression and a positive relationship with a healthy lifestyle, supporting the measure's convergent and discriminant validity. In the second study, we examined the relationship between LEQ (total and subscales score) and memory function using Pearson correlation and moderating analysis with 149 participants (M age = 70.37, SD = 4.29; 55.03% women). The results demonstrated that the LEQ total and subscales scores correlated positively with episodic memory. In the same vein, LEQ total score and Knowledge subscale showed a positive correlation with semantic memory. The results of moderation analysis showed that LEQ subscales have a different role in memory decline. The knowledge subscale as a content component moderates the effect of age on semantic memory (B = 0.005, t = 2.021, p = 0.045), while the mid-life non-specific activities, which are based on life stages, moderate the effect of age on episodic memory (B = 0.007, t = 3.348, p = 0.001). In conclusion, our results indicated that the Persian version of the LEQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring experiences and activities throughout life, which can be used in professional clinical and research settings in the aging context with Iranian elderly samples. Furthermore, our findings suggest that various life experiences can be considered cognitive reserves in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Karsazi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hatami
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rostami
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moghadamzadeh
- Department of Curriculum Development and Instruction Methods, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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69
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Rai HK, Schneider J, Orrell M. An Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy App for People with Dementia and Carers: Results from a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:2079-2094. [PMID: 35221680 PMCID: PMC8866989 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s323994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of digital resources that support the cognition and quality of life (QoL) of people with dementia. The individual cognitive stimulation therapy application (iCST app) aims to provide cognitive stimulation and social interaction to people with dementia and carers through interactive touch-screen technology. This study set out to determine the feasibility of conducting a full-scale, randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the iCST app. METHODS This was a single blind, feasibility RCT including people with mild to moderate dementia and their carers. Multiple trial components were assessed including recruitment and retention rates, intervention fidelity and usability, and acceptability of the outcome assessments which included measures of cognition and QoL. A sample of the intervention group was invited to a semi-structured post-trial interview to examine the experience of using the iCST app. RESULTS Sixty-one dyads were randomised to the iCST app (n = 31) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) control group (n = 30) for 11 weeks. In the iCST app group, 77% used the intervention for 20 minutes or more each week. Carers using the iCST app rated their QoL better at follow-up 2 compared to the TAU control group (EQ-5D, MD = 7.69, 95% CI = 2.32-13.06, p = 0.006). No significant differences were found on the other outcome measures. CONCLUSION The iCST app was deemed usable and enjoyable. Most participants completed the activities more quickly than anticipated and did not have enough activities to continue using the app frequently. Expansion of the iCST app is needed to maintain engagement for longer. Findings indicate that computerised cognitive stimulation can be beneficial, and a large-scale RCT is feasible with modifications to trial components. The results are relevant to researchers, software developers, policy-makers, people with dementia and carers who are looking to be involved in such interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03282877. Registered on 19 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur Rai
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1HX, UK
| | - Justine Schneider
- School of Sociology & Social Policy, Law & Social Sciences Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Martin Orrell
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, England, NG7 2TU, UK
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Iizuka A, Murayama H, Machida M, Amagasa S, Inoue S, Fujiwara T, Shobugawa Y. Leisure Activity Variety and Brain Volume Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Analysis of the Neuron to Environmental Impact Across Generations Study Data. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:758562. [PMID: 34916923 PMCID: PMC8669795 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.758562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent findings indicate that leisure activity (LA) delays cognitive decline and reduces the risk of dementia. However, the association between LA and brain volume remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between LA variety and brain volume with a focus on the hippocampus and gray matter. Methods: Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the Neuron to Environmental Impact across Generations study, which had targeted community-dwelling older adults living in Niigata, Japan. We divided LAs into 10 categories, and counted the number of categories of activities in which the participants engaged. We classified them as follows: 0 (i.e., no activity), 1, 2, or ≥ 3 types. Brain volume was assessed through magnetic resonance imaging, and hippocampal and gray matter volumes were ascertained. Results: The sample size was 482. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hippocampal and gray matter volumes were significantly greater among participants with ≥ 3 types of LAs than among their no-activity counterparts. Hippocampal volume was significantly greater among those who engaged in one type of LA than among those who engaged in no such activity. Sex-stratified analysis revealed that hippocampal volumes were significantly greater among males who engaged in ≥ 3 types of LAs and one type of LA. However, no such association was found among females. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that engaging in a wide range of LAs is related to hippocampal and gray matter volumes. Furthermore, there was a sex difference in the association between LA variety and brain volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Iizuka
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murayama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Machida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Department of Active Ageing, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Cutuli D, Landolfo E, Petrosini L, Gelfo F. Environmental Enrichment Effects on the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Healthy Condition, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:975-992. [PMID: 34897089 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein belonging to the neurotrophin family, is known to be heavily involved in synaptic plasticity processes that support brain development, post-lesion regeneration, and cognitive performances, such as learning and memory. Evidence indicates that BDNF expression can be epigenetically regulated by environmental stimuli and thus can mediate the experience-dependent brain plasticity. Environmental enrichment (EE), an experimental paradigm based on the exposure to complex stimulations, constitutes an efficient means to investigate the effects of high-level experience on behavior, cognitive processes, and neurobiological correlates, as the BDNF expression. In fact, BDNF exerts a key role in mediating and promoting EE-induced plastic changes and functional improvements in healthy and pathological conditions. This review is specifically aimed at providing an updated framework of the available evidence on the EE effects on brain and serum BDNF levels, by taking into account both changes in protein expression and regulation of gene expression. A further purpose of the present review is analyzing the potential of BDNF regulation in coping with neurodegenerative processes characterizing Alzheimer's disease (AD), given BDNF expression alterations are described in AD patients. Moreover, attention is also paid to EE effects on BDNF expression in other neurodegenerative disease. To investigate such a topic, evidence provided by experimental studies is considered. A deeper understanding of environmental ability in modulating BDNF expression in the brain may be fundamental in designing more tuned and effective applications of complex environmental stimulations as managing approaches to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
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Prophater LE, Fazio S, Nguyen LT, Hueluer G, Peterson LJ, Sherwin K, Shatzer J, Branham M, Kavalec A, O'Hern K, Stoglin K, Tate R, Hyer K. Alzheimer's Association Project VITAL: A Florida Statewide Initiative Using Technology to Impact Social Isolation and Well-Being. Front Public Health 2021; 9:720180. [PMID: 34926365 PMCID: PMC8674735 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.720180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of social engagement and the resulting social isolation can have negative impacts on health and well-being, especially in senior care communities and for those living with dementia. Project VITAL leverages technology and community resources to create a network for connection, engagement, education, and support of individuals with dementia and their caregivers, and explores the impact of these interventions in reducing feelings of social isolation and increasing mood among residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through two phases, 600 personalized Wi-Fi-enabled iN2L tablets were distributed to 300 senior care communities (55% assisted living communities, 37% skilled nursing communities, 6% memory care communities, and 2% adult family-care homes) to connect and engage residents and their families. Different phases also included Project ECHO, a video-based learning platform, Alzheimer's Association virtual and online education and support for family caregivers, evidence-based online professional dementia care staff training and certification, and Virtual Forums designed to explore ways to build sustainable, scalable models to ensure access to support and decrease social isolation in the future. Tablet usage was collected over an 11-month period and an interim survey was designed to assess the effectiveness of the tablets, in preventing social isolation and increasing mood among residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 105 care community staff (whose community used the tablets) completed the survey and overall, these staff showed a high level of agreement to statements indicating that residents struggled with loneliness and mood, and that the tablet was useful in improving loneliness and mood in residents and allowing them to stay in touch with family and friends. Additional positive results were seen through a variety of other responses around the tablets and Project ECHO. Overall, the tablets were shown to be an effective way to engage residents and connect them with friends and family, as well as being a useful tool for staff members. A third phase is currently underway in the homes of people with dementia and their family caregivers, which includes tablets and direct access to Alzheimer's Association virtual and online education and support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Fazio
- Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Gizem Hueluer
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lindsay J. Peterson
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rio Tate
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kathryn Hyer
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Paek EJ. Emotional Valence Affects Word Retrieval During Verb Fluency Tasks in Alzheimer's Dementia. Front Psychol 2021; 12:777116. [PMID: 34925179 PMCID: PMC8674734 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.777116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with amnestic Alzheimer's disease (AD) often demonstrate preserved emotional processing skills despite the neurodegenerative disease that affects their limbic system. Emotional valence encompasses the encoding and retrieval of memory and it also affects word retrieval in healthy populations, but it remains unclear whether these effects are preserved in individuals with amnestic AD. Previous studies used a variety of encoding procedures and different retrieval methods that resulted in mixed findings. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate whether emotional enhancement of memory effects is observed in an experimental condition where the memory encoding process is not required, namely verb (action) fluency tasks. Seventeen participants who were cognitively healthy older adults (CHOA) and 15 participants with amnestic AD were asked to complete verb fluency tasks, and the relative degree of emotional valence observed in their responses was compared between the two groups. A neuropsychological test battery was administered to determine the participants' cognitive and linguistic profiles, and correlational analyses were conducted to delineate relationships between emotional valence, verbal memory, and learning abilities. The results indicated that the participants with amnestic AD produced words with higher emotional valence (i.e., more pleasant words) compared to CHOA during action fluency testing. In addition, the degree of emotional valence in the words was negatively correlated with verbal memory and learning skills, showing that those with poorer memory skills tend to retrieve words with higher emotional valence. The findings are consistent with those previous studies that stressed that individuals with AD have preserved emotional enhancement of memory effects and may benefit from them for retrieval of information, which may offer some insight into the development of novel rehabilitative strategies for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Paek
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, College of Health Professions, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Camprodon-Boadas P, de la Serna E, Baeza I, Puig O, Ilzarbe D, Sugranyes G, Borras R, Castro-Fornieles J. Cognitive reserve in patients with first-episode psychosis as outcome predictor at 5-year follow-up. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1959-1967. [PMID: 33113026 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) is the premorbid brain capacity to cope with neural damage. People with good CR can tolerate higher levels of pathological brain injuries before displaying clinical symptoms than others. This study aimed to analyze CR in a sample of patients diagnosed with first-episode psychosis (FEP) during childhood or adolescence, comparing them to a community control group (CC) and assessing the predictive value of CR regarding psychosocial functioning, clinical symptoms and neuropsychological variables at the 5-year follow-up. 57 patients diagnosed with FEP during childhood or adolescence and 37 controls completed clinical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial functioning assessments at baseline and 5-year follow-up. CR was assessed in both groups at baseline. The FEP group showed lower CR scores than the CC group. Higher CR in the FEP group was associated with fewer psychotic negative symptoms, total psychotic symptoms and depressive symptoms, higher psychosocial functioning, and less impaired memory and attention at the 5-year follow-up. CR is associated with long-term clinical, neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning outcomes in patients diagnosed with FEP during childhood or adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Camprodon-Boadas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Clínic Per a La Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Institut D´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Puig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ilzarbe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Institut D´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borras
- Institut D´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut D´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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75
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Anatürk M, Suri S, Smith SM, Ebmeier KP, Sexton CE. Leisure Activities and Their Relationship With MRI Measures of Brain Structure, Functional Connectivity, and Cognition in the UK Biobank Cohort. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:734866. [PMID: 34867271 PMCID: PMC8635062 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.734866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate whether engagement in leisure activities is linked to measures of brain structure, functional connectivity, and cognition in early old age. Methods: We examined data collected from 7,152 participants of the United Kingdom Biobank (UK Biobank) study. Weekly participation in six leisure activities was assessed twice and a cognitive battery and 3T MRI brain scan were administered at the second visit. Based on responses collected at two time points, individuals were split into one of four trajectory groups: (1) stable low engagement, (2) stable weekly engagement, (3) low to weekly engagement, and (4) weekly to low engagement. Results: Consistent weekly attendance at a sports club or gym was associated with connectivity of the sensorimotor functional network with the lateral visual (β = 0.12, 95%CI = [0.07, 0.18], FDR q = 2.48 × 10-3) and cerebellar (β = 0.12, 95%CI = [0.07, 0.18], FDR q = 1.23 × 10-4) networks. Visiting friends and family across the two timepoints was also associated with larger volumes of the occipital lobe (β = 0.15, 95%CI = [0.08, 0.21], FDR q = 0.03). Additionally, stable and weekly computer use was associated with global cognition (β = 0.62, 95%CI = [0.35, 0.89], FDR q = 1.16 × 10-4). No other associations were significant (FDR q > 0.05). Discussion: This study demonstrates that not all leisure activities contribute to cognitive health equally, nor is there one unifying neural signature across diverse leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Anatürk
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Broche-Pérez Y, Fernández-Fleites Z, González B, Hernández Pérez MA, Salazar-Guerra YI. Knowledge and beliefs about dementia among the general public: A preliminary report on the Cuban population. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 36:361-368. [PMID: 34714234 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people diagnosed with dementia globally has dramatically increased in recent years. The objective of this study was to explore beliefs and knowledge among the Cuban population with regard to the risk factors that may lead to dementia and the actions that may be taken to prevent it. METHOD In an exploratory cross-sectional study, we surveyed a total of 391 people aged between 18 and 96 years. The results were stratified by sex, age range, level of education, and contact with dementia. RESULTS Dementia was the fourth most worrying disease. A total of 64.5% of participants believed that the risk of dementia could be reduced, and 60% that the appropriate time to begin prevention measures is after the age of 40. Cognitive stimulation and healthy diet were more frequently cited as useful activities to reduce risk. Survey respondents reported little presence in their lifestyle of behaviours that are beneficial for reducing the risk of dementia. CONCLUSIONS Although dementia is an important health issue for respondents, their knowledge about disease prevention is still insufficient. The results obtained constitute a starting point for the design of policies aimed at increasing knowledge about the disease and improving prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Broche-Pérez
- Universidad Central «Marta Abreu» de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba.
| | | | - B González
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas «Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz», Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - M A Hernández Pérez
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas «Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz», Santa Clara, Cuba
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Iñesta C, Oltra-Cucarella J, Bonete-López B, Calderón-Rubio E, Sitges-Maciá E. Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9958. [PMID: 34639265 PMCID: PMC8507906 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed normative data for the neuropsychological assessment of independent and cognitively active Spanish older adults over 55 years of age. METHOD Regression-based normative data were calculated from a sample of 103 non-depressed independent community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older (67% women). Raw data for Digit Span (DS), Letters and Numbers (LN), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were regressed on age, sex, and education. The model predicting TMT-B scores also included TMT-A scores. Z-scores for the discrepancy between observed and predicted scores were used to identify low scores. The base rate of low scores for SABIEX normative data was compared to the base rate of low scores using published normative data obtained from the general population. RESULTS The effects of age, sex, and education varied across neuropsychological measures. Although the proportion of low scores was similar between normative datasets, there was no agreement in the identification of cognitively impaired individuals. CONCLUSIONS Normative data obtained from the general population might not be sensitive to identify low scores in cognitively active older adults, incorrectly classifying them as cognitively normal compared to the less-active population. We provide a friendly calculator for use in neuropsychological assessment in cognitively active Spanish people aged 55 or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Iñesta
- SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain; (C.I.); (B.B.-L.); (E.C.-R.); (E.S.-M.)
| | - Javier Oltra-Cucarella
- SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain; (C.I.); (B.B.-L.); (E.C.-R.); (E.S.-M.)
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bonete-López
- SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain; (C.I.); (B.B.-L.); (E.C.-R.); (E.S.-M.)
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Calderón-Rubio
- SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain; (C.I.); (B.B.-L.); (E.C.-R.); (E.S.-M.)
| | - Esther Sitges-Maciá
- SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain; (C.I.); (B.B.-L.); (E.C.-R.); (E.S.-M.)
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Sapkota S, McFall GP, Masellis M, Dixon RA. A Multimodal Risk Network Predicts Executive Function Trajectories in Non-demented Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:621023. [PMID: 34603005 PMCID: PMC8482841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.621023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple modalities of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors may operate through interacting networks to predict differential cognitive trajectories in asymptomatic aging. We test such a network in a series of three analytic steps. First, we test independent associations between three risk scores (functional-health, lifestyle-reserve, and a combined multimodal risk score) and cognitive [executive function (EF)] trajectories. Second, we test whether all three associations are moderated by the most penetrant AD genetic risk [Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4+ allele]. Third, we test whether a non-APOE AD genetic risk score further moderates these APOE × multimodal risk score associations. Methods: We assembled a longitudinal data set (spanning a 40-year band of aging, 53-95 years) with non-demented older adults (baseline n = 602; Mage = 70.63(8.70) years; 66% female) from the Victoria Longitudinal Study (VLS). The measures included for each modifiable risk score were: (1) functional-health [pulse pressure (PP), grip strength, and body mass index], (2) lifestyle-reserve (physical, social, cognitive-integrative, cognitive-novel activities, and education), and (3) the combination of functional-health and lifestyle-reserve risk scores. Two AD genetic risk markers included (1) APOE and (2) a combined AD-genetic risk score (AD-GRS) comprised of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; Clusterin[rs11136000], Complement receptor 1[rs6656401], Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein[rs3851179]). The analytics included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), longitudinal invariance testing, and latent growth curve modeling. Structural path analyses were deployed to test and compare prediction models for EF performance and change. Results: First, separate analyses showed that higher functional-health risk scores, lifestyle-reserve risk scores, and the combined score, predicted poorer EF performance and steeper decline. Second, APOE and AD-GRS moderated the association between functional-health risk score and the combined risk score, on EF performance and change. Specifically, only older adults in the APOEε4- group showed steeper EF decline with high risk scores on both functional-health and combined risk score. Both associations were further magnified for adults with high AD-GRS. Conclusion: The present multimodal AD risk network approach incorporated both modifiable and genetic risk scores to predict EF trajectories. The results add an additional degree of precision to risk profile calculations for asymptomatic aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Sapkota
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G. Peggy McFall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger A. Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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79
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Chronic Kidney Disease and Cognitive Impairment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Fong ZH, Tan SH, Mahendran R, Kua EH, Chee TT. Arts-based interventions to improve cognition in older persons with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1605-1617. [PMID: 32643397 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1786802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the global burden of dementia rises, the search for preventive measures such as interventions for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains a research priority. While arts-based interventions have demonstrated some success in improving cognitive functioning among older adults and those with dementia, its effectiveness for older persons with MCI remains unexplored. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of arts-based interventions on cognition in older persons with MCI. METHOD The following databases were searched in November 2019: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Plus, supplemented by Google Scholar and ALOIS. Study inclusion criteria were older persons aged ≥ 60 with MCI; arts-based interventions such as dance, drama, music, or visual arts; and randomized controlled trial with cognitive outcome. Database search, study selection, and data extraction were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. RESULTS Eleven randomized controlled trials examining 13 interventions (817 participants) were identified, of which 4 involved visual arts, 4 dance/movement, 3 music, and 2 storytelling. Significant improvement on at least one cognitive outcome was reported in 10 of the 13 interventions. These included improvements in global cognition (6/7 interventions), learning and memory (5/9), complex attention (4/10), executive functioning (2/6), language (2/3), and perceptual-motor function (1/4). CONCLUSION This review found that arts-based interventions can potentially improve various aspects of cognitive functioning in older persons with MCI, although our confidence was dampened by methodological limitations such as the moderate-to-high risk of bias present in studies and heterogeneity in the way MCI was defined. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hui Fong
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ser Hong Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Academic Development Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tji Tjian Chee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Horikawa C, Otsuka R, Nishita Y, Tange C, Kato Y, Tanaka T, Rogi T, Shibata H, Ando F, Shimokata H. Interaction between cognitive leisure activity and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on global cognitive decline in a Japanese longitudinal cohort study: National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 34315440 PMCID: PMC8314584 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing interest in the significance of adopting a variety of lifestyle habits for maintaining cognitive function among older adults. A lifestyle that is easy to modify, simple, and less burdensome for older people is ideal. We investigated the longitudinal association between global cognitive decline and cognitive leisure activities (CLAs) combined with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) intake. Methods The National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) enrolled community-dwelling middle-aged and older men and women who were randomly selected from Obu-City and Higashiura Town, Aichi, Japan. Baseline data (2006–2008), including CLAs and dietary intake, were obtained from 517 participants (aged 60–84 years) with normal cognition. Global cognitive decline, defined as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 27, was assessed at baseline and four years later. Interaction between CLAs and LCPUFAs on cognitive decline was investigated using a multiple logistic analysis with adjustment for confounders. CLA engagement and LCPUFA intake were divided into high and low groups according to the frequency at which each participant engaged in the activity and the median intake level according to sex, respectively. Results A significant interaction was detected for the combination of CLA engagement and LCPUFA intake. Logistic regression coefficients revealed significant interactions when participants engaged in more than five CLA varieties. One of the CLAs, art appreciation, produced a significant main effect against cognitive decline and a significant interaction in combination with LCPUFA intake. The major LCPUFAs—docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid—also exhibited a significant interaction. The combination of high LCPUFA intake and high art appreciation frequency yielded a lower adjusted odds ratio for cognitive decline than the combination of low LCPUFA and low art appreciation [0.25 (95 % confidence intervals, 0.11–0.56)]. Conclusions Preserving cognitive function might be associated with a combination of varied and high-frequency engagement in CLAs combined with high LCPUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Horikawa
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku- gun, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, 2-9 Katahira, 480-1197, Nagakute- city, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Tanaka
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku- gun, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Rogi
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku- gun, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku- gun, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, 2-9 Katahira, 480-1197, Nagakute- city, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, 57 Takenoyama, Iwasaki-cho, 470-0196, Nisshin-city, Aichi, Japan
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Fajersztajn L, Di Rienzo V, Nakamura CA, Scazufca M. Watching TV and Cognition: The SPAH 2-Year Cohort Study of Older Adults Living in Low-Income Communities. Front Neurol 2021; 12:628489. [PMID: 34248811 PMCID: PMC8267001 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.628489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Watching TV is a highly prevalent leisure activity among older adults and, in many cases, the only leisure option of those living in low-income communities. While engaging in leisure activities have proven to protect older adults from cognitive decline, the effects of watching TV on cognition of this population is controversial in the literature. This study investigated the impact of watching TV on global cognitive function, immediate memory, verbal fluency, risk of dementia of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in a cohort of older adults residents of socioeconomically deprived areas of São Paulo, Brazil. We used data from the São Paulo Aging & Health Study (SPAH). Participants aged 65 years or over, with no dementia diagnosis at baseline and who completed the 2-year follow-up assessment were included in this study (n = 1,243). Multivariable linear regression models were performed to assess the effect of watching TV on global cognitive function, immediate memory and verbal fluency. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of developing dementia and aMCI. Models were controlled by cognitive performance at baseline, sociodemographic characteristics and functional status. Cognitive performance at baseline and follow-up were similar. Thirty-one participants were diagnosed with dementia, and 23 with aMCI 24 months after inclusion in the study. Watching TV did not show any positive or negative effect on global cognitive function, immediate memory, verbal fluency, risk of dementia and risk of aMCI. It is good news that watching TV did not predict the decline in cognition in elders. However, it is essential to increase opportunities for other leisure activities for low-income and low-educated older adults if we do consider that leisure activities protect cognition decline in older adults. In the coming decades, developing countries will experience the highest burden of dementia and more than fun, public policies to promote leisure activities might be a strategy to alleviate this burden shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Fajersztajn
- Laboratório de Poluição Ambiental, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Di Rienzo
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Akemi Nakamura
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Investigação Medica (LIM) 23, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Scazufca
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Investigação Medica (LIM) 23, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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83
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Lee S, Charles ST, Almeida DM. Change Is Good for the Brain: Activity Diversity and Cognitive Functioning Across Adulthood. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1036-1048. [PMID: 32025733 PMCID: PMC8200355 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Participating in a variety of daily activities (i.e., activity diversity) requires people to adjust to a variety of situations and engage in a greater diversity of behaviors. These experiences may, in turn, enhance cognitive functioning. This study examined associations between activity diversity and cognitive functioning across adulthood. METHOD Activity diversity was defined as the breadth and evenness of participation in seven common daily activity domains (e.g., paid work, time with children, leisure, physical activities, volunteering). Participants from the National Survey of Daily Experiences (NSDE: N = 732, Mage = 56) provided activity data during eight consecutive days at Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) 10 years apart. They also provided cognitive data at W2. RESULTS Greater activity diversity at W2 was associated with higher overall cognitive functioning and higher executive functioning at W2. Individuals who increased activity diversity from W1 to W2 also exhibited higher scores in overall cognitive functioning and executive functioning at W2. Overall cognitive functioning, executive functioning, and episodic memory were better in those who had higher activity diversity at both waves, or increased activity diversity from W1 to W2, compared to those who had lower activity diversity or decreased activity diversity over time. DISCUSSION Activity diversity is important for cognitive health in adulthood. Future work can study the directionality between activity diversity and cognitive functioning and underlying social and neurological mechanisms for these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomi Lee
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Susan T Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
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84
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Effectiveness of a chess-training program for improving cognition, mood, and quality of life in older adults: A pilot study. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:894-900. [PMID: 34098442 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular practice of a cognitively stimulating activity, such as chess, can help maintain a healthy cognitive, social, and psychological state during the aging process. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a chess-training program on cognitive status, mood, and quality of life (QoL) in a sample of institutionalized and semi-institutionalized older adults. METHOD A nonrandomized, controlled pilot study with repeated measures (pre- and post-intervention) was conducted. RESULTS Analyses revealed a positive impact of the chess program on general cognitive status (p < 0.001) and promising evidence (p < 0.043) of an impact on attention, processing speed, and executive functions. The participants in the intervention group also showed significant improvement in QoL scores (p < 0.021). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week chess-training protocol with two 60-minute sessions per week improved cognition and QoL in a sample of institutionalized and semi-institutionalized older adults. Further research with larger samples is needed to explore its effects in depth.
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85
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Muniz-Terrera G, Robitaille A, Goerdten J, Massa F, Johansson B. Do I lose cognitive function as fast as my twin partner? Analyses based on classes of MMSE trajectories of twins aged 80 and older. Age Ageing 2021; 50:847-853. [PMID: 33128547 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with an increasing risk of decline in cognitive abilities. The decline is, however, not a homogeneous process. There are substantial differences across individuals although previous investigations have identified individuals with distinct cognitive trajectories. Evidence is accumulating that lifestyle contributes significantly to the classification of individuals into various clusters. How and whether genetically related individuals, like twins, change in a more similar manner is yet not fully understood. METHODS In this study, we fitted growth mixture models to Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores from participants of the Swedish OCTO twin study of oldest-old monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twins with the purpose of investigating whether twin pairs can be assigned to the same class of cognitive change. RESULTS We identified four distinct groups (latent classes) whose MMSE trajectories followed different patterns of change over time: two classes of high performing individuals who remained stable and declined slowly, respectively, a group of mildly impaired individuals with a fast decline and a small group of impaired individuals who declined more rapidly. Notably, our analyses show no association between zygosity and class assignment. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for a more substantial impact of environmental, rather than genetic, influences on cognitive change trajectories in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annie Robitaille
- Department of Psychology, University du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jantje Goerdten
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fernando Massa
- Instituto de Estadistica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Boo Johansson
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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86
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhou C. Social engagement and physical frailty in later life: does marital status matter? BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:248. [PMID: 33858354 PMCID: PMC8047563 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical frailty is a common characteristic of older people with the ageing process and has been viewed as a major public health issue. The longitudinal association between different social engagement and physical frailty among older people has not been explored adequately in China. Marital status forms a critical context for the link between social engagement and frailty among older people, which might constitute a moderating process. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the longitudinal association between social engagement and the changes in physical frailty among Chinese older adults, and to examine whether the association between social engagement and frailty differs by marital status. METHODS The data use in this study were from the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study aged 60+ years from 2011 to 2015. A total of 6575 respondents who participated in at least one follow-up wave were included in the analysis. The relationship between social engagement and changes in frailty over time, and the moderating role of marital status were estimated using individual fixed-effects models. Sensitive analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS After adjusting the confounders, participants who interact with friends (Coef: -1.309, P < 0.001), engaging in hobby groups (Coef: -1.189, P < 0.001), engaging in sports groups (Coef: -0.945, P = 0.001), and volunteering (Coef: -1.957, P = 0.001) with a frequency of almost daily had a significantly lower frailty risk than participants who never engaging in those activities. The association between frequent engaging in hobby groups and physical frailty was strongest for unmarried than married older adults (Coef: -1.325, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Frequent social engagement might help to decrease the risk of frailty in the Chinese older population. This finding has important implications for public health policy and encourages the incorporation of a broad range of social engagement into the daily lives of older individuals. Specially, encouraging unmarried older adults to engage in intellectual activities, such as playing chess or Mahjong with others, may be an effective way to reduce physical frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
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87
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Arafa A, Eshak ES, Shirai K, Iso H, Kondo K. Engaging in musical activities and the risk of dementia in older adults: A longitudinal study from the Japan gerontological evaluation study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21:451-457. [PMID: 33825305 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Leisure cognitive activities are suggested to reduce the risk of dementia. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prospective association between engaging in different musical activities and the risk of dementia among Japanese older adults. METHODS Longitudinal data of 52 601 participants aged ≥65 years from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were analyzed. Musical activities in the form of playing a musical instrument, practicing karaoke and choir or folk singing were assessed using a questionnaire, while dementia was diagnosed using the standardized dementia scale of the long-term care insurance system. The Cox regression was used to obtain the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident dementia according to engagement in musical activities. RESULTS Compared with engaging in no musical activities at all, the hazard ratios engaging in one and more than one musical activity, after 5.8 years of a median follow-up period, were 0.94 (95% CI 0.82-1.07) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.32-1.10) in men versus 0.79 (95% CI 0.69-0.90) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.63-1.26) in women, respectively. Playing a musical instrument and practicing karaoke, compared with no musical activities at all, were associated with a faintly decreased risk of dementia in men and a significantly decreased risk of dementia in women; hazard ratios 0.70 (95% CI 0.45-1.02) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.79, 1.04) in men versus 0.75 (95% CI 0.58-0.98) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.68-0.89) in women, respectively. CONCLUSION Engaging in musical activities, especially playing a musical instrument and practicing karaoke, was associated with a reduced risk of dementia among Japanese older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 451-457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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88
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Shin SH, Park S, Wright C, D'astous VA, Kim G. The Role of Polygenic Score and Cognitive Activity in Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:319-329. [PMID: 32564085 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study explored whether the intensity of cognitive activities could moderate the relationship between a genetic predisposition for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive functioning among older adults in the United States. Furthermore, we examined whether the same moderating effects were dependent on different measures of cognition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a data set from the 2000-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey. Our sample included 3,793 individuals aged 50 or older. We used the polygenic score (PGS) for AD as a genetic trait for cognitive functioning. Reading, listening to music, using a computer, playing cards/games/solving puzzles, singing/playing musical instruments, and creating art and crafts were included as cognitive activities, and TV viewing as passive activities. We used total cognition, fluid intelligence, and crystallized intelligence as proxies for cognitive functioning. Growth-curve models were conducted. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, we found that reading books, using a computer, and playing cards/games/solving puzzles had a positive effect on cognitive functioning. An additional hour spent reading books moderated the negative effect of AD PGS on cognition. The measure of fluid, when compared with crystallized intelligence, appeared to drive these results. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Reading could be a protective factor against cognitive decline among older adults who are genetically predisposed to developing AD. Implications for individuals, caregivers, clinicians, and policymakers are suggested. Furthermore, the onset of AD in those at greater genetic risk may be delayed with this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Shin
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Soohyun Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | - Cheryl Wright
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | - Giyeon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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89
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Chen L. Leisure activities and psychological wellbeing reduce the risk of cognitive impairment among older adults with hearing difficulty: A longitudinal study in China. Maturitas 2021; 148:7-13. [PMID: 34024351 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES . We used longitudinal cohort data to examine the effect of leisure activities and psychological wellbeing on the risk of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults with hearing difficulty (HD). STUDY DESIGN . This prospective cohort study included 10,341 cognitively normal individuals aged 65 years or more at baseline from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity survey (from 2002 to 2011). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES . Hearing difficulty, leisure activities and psychological wellbeing were measured at baseline. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive impairment was defined as an MMSE score of less than 18 points. RESULTS . During a median follow-up of 5.6 years (59,869 person-years), 2,614 participants developed cognitive impairment. Cox proportional hazards models showed that the multi-adjusted hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval) of cognitive impairment was 1.42 (1.28-1.58) for HD. Participants with a healthy lifestyle had a lower risk of cognitive impairment (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.85). Furthermore, participants with HD and a healthy lifestyle (HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.27-2.18) had a lower HR of cognitive impairment than those with HD and an unhealthy lifestyle (HR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.61-2.14). A healthy lifestyle also delayed the onset of cognitive impairment by 0.50 years in people with HD. CONCLUSIONS . HD was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, but a healthy lifestyle may decrease the risk of cognitive impairment related to HD and delay the onset of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Chen
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
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90
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Fancourt D, Aughterson H, Finn S, Walker E, Steptoe A. How leisure activities affect health: a narrative review and multi-level theoretical framework of mechanisms of action. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:329-339. [PMID: 33581775 PMCID: PMC7613155 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a large and growing body of evidence on the health benefits of engagement in leisure activities (voluntary, enjoyable non-work activities, such as hobbies, arts, volunteering, community group membership, sports, and socialising). However, there is no unifying framework explaining how leisure activities affect health: what the mechanisms of action are by which engagement with leisure activities leads to the prevention, management, or treatment of mental and physical illness. In this Review, we identify and map over 600 mechanisms of action. These mechanisms can be categorised as psychological, biological, social, and behavioural processes that operate at individual (micro), group (meso), and societal (macro) levels, and are synthesised into a new theoretical framework: the Multi-level Leisure Mechanisms Framework. This framework situates understanding of leisure activities within the theoretical lens of complex adaptive systems and aims to support the design of more theory-driven, cross-disciplinary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science & Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Henry Aughterson
- Department of Behavioural Science & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Saoirse Finn
- Department of Behavioural Science & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Walker
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science & Health, University College London, London, UK
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91
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Walsh S, Causer R, Brayne C. Does playing a musical instrument reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:593-601. [PMID: 31814445 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1699019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: High levels of life course intellectually-stimulating activity are hypothesised to produce a cognitive reserve that mitigates against overt cognitive impairment in the face of neuropathology. Leisure-time musical instrument playing could be a viable source of that stimulation, but to date no systematic review has been undertaken to investigate the effect of musical instrument playing on the incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis including any study with musical instrument playing as the exposure, and cognitive impairment and/or dementia as the outcome.Results: 1211 unduplicated articles were identified from literature searching, of which three articles were included: two cohort studies and one twin study. All studies were of good methodological quality, and reported large protective effects of musical instrument playing. The twin study reported that musicians were 64% less likely to develop mild cognitive impairment or dementia, after additionally adjusting for sex, education and physical activity. A meta-analysis of the cohort studies found a 59% reduction in the risk of developing dementia within the study follow up. The evidence base is limited by size, small sample sizes and the risk of reverse causality.Conclusion: The three identified studies that investigated the specific relationship of musical instrument playing and subsequent incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia all reported a large protective association. The results are encouraging but should be interpreted with caution. Larger, more focussed studies are required to further explore this association, with a particular need to consider the cumulative lifetime quantity of music playing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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92
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Galvin JE, Tolea MI, Chrisphonte S. The Cognitive & Leisure Activity Scale (CLAS): A new measure to quantify cognitive activities in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12134. [PMID: 33816759 PMCID: PMC8012243 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potentially modifiable dementia risk factors include diet and physical and cognitive activity. However, there is a paucity of scales to quantify cognitive activities. To address this, we developed the Cognitive & Leisure Activity Scale (CLAS). METHODS The CLAS was validated in 318 consecutive individuals with and without cognitive impairment. Psychometric properties were compared with sample characteristics, disease stage, and etiology. RESULTS The CLAS has very good data quality (Cronbach alpha: 0.731; 95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.78). CLAS scores correlated with gold standard measures of cognition, function, physical functionality, behavior, and caregiver burden. CLAS scores were positively correlated with other resilience factors (eg, diet, physical activity) and negatively correlated with vulnerability factors (eg, older age, frailty). DISCUSSION The CLAS is a brief inventory to estimate dosage of participation in cognitive activities. The CLAS could be used in clinical care to enhance cognitive activity or in research to estimate dosage of activities prior to an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain HealthDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Magdalena I. Tolea
- Comprehensive Center for Brain HealthDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Stephanie Chrisphonte
- Comprehensive Center for Brain HealthDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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93
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Li B, Bi J, Wei C, Sha F. Specific Activities and the Trajectories of Cognitive Decline Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Five-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1039-1050. [PMID: 33646157 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How specific activities influence cognitive decline among different age groups, especially the late middle-aged and the early old, remains inadequately studied. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between specific activities with trajectories of cognitive functions in different age groups in China. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Mixed effects growth models were applied to analyze the association between specific activities and cognitive functions. RESULTS Interacting with friends (infrequent: β= 0.13, confidence interval [CI] = 0.03 to 0.22; daily: β= 0.19, CI = 0.09 to 0.28), playing Mah-jong or other games (infrequent: β= 0.12, CI = 0.02 to 0.22; daily:β= 0.26, CI = 0.10 to 0.42), infrequent providing help to others (β= 0.24, CI = 0.11 to 0.37), and going to a sport (infrequent: β= 0.31, CI = 0.08 to 0.54); daily: β= 0.22, CI = 0.05 to 0.38) are significantly associated with participants' memory. Infrequently playing Mah-jong or other games (β= 0.30, CI = 0.17 to 0.43) and daily sports (β= 0.24, CI = 0.03 to 0.45) are significantly associated with better mental status. Effect of each activity varies among population of different age, education level, gender, and residence. CONCLUSION This study identifies four social activities that are associated with better cognitive functions, and provides a comprehensive, in-depth understanding on the specific protective effect of each activity among different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Li
- Department of Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiefeng Bi
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Wei
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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94
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Pathways to well-being: Untangling the causal relationships among biopsychosocial variables. Soc Sci Med 2021; 272:112846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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95
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Guerrero Barragán A, Lucumí D, Lawlor B. Association of Leisure Activities With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults in Colombia: A SABE-Based Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:629251. [PMID: 33732207 PMCID: PMC7956952 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.629251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational and interventional studies suggest that participation in leisure activities may help protect against cognitive decline in older people. This study aimed to examine the association between participation in leisure activities and cognitive impairment in older adults in Colombia. Data for this study were derived from the Colombian National Survey of Aging (SABE 2015), a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 23,694 older adults representing the total population (mean age, 70.8 years; 57.3% females). Cognitive impairment was classified as cognitive impairment without dementia (CIWD) and dementia, according to the revised version of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination and the Lawton and Brody functional scale. Leisure activities were evaluated using six items of a questionnaire. Sex-stratified multinomial regression models were used to analyze the association of leisure activities with CIWD and dementia after adjusting for educational attainment, literacy, and other potential confounders. In adjusted models for men, leisure activities in later life were associated with a decreased risk of CIWD (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.78) and dementia (OR, 0,52; 95% CI, 0.48-0.58). For women, leisure activities in later life were associated with a decreased risk of CIWD (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78) and dementia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.43-0.53). The findings suggest that greater participation in leisure activities in later life may act as a protective factor against CIWD and dementia among older adults in Colombia, independent of educational attainment and literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Guerrero Barragán
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Escuela de Gobierno, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Unidad de Servicios de Salud Occidente de Kennedy, Servicio de Neurología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Lucumí
- Escuela de Gobierno, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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96
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Takahashi J, Kawai H, Fujiwara Y, Watanabe Y, Hirano H, Kim H, Ihara K, Ejiri M, Ishii K, Oka K, Obuchi S. Association between activity diversity and frailty among community-dwelling older Japanese: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 95:104377. [PMID: 33639540 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deterioration of daily activities increases frailty risk. Most of the previous research has examined the association between frailty and specific activities; nevertheless, the diversity of daily activities is also important. Although the type, frequency, and evenness of daily activities have been proposed as indicators of activity diversity, the association between these indicators and frailty remains unclear. In this study, we examined the association between activity diversity and frailty in community-dwelling older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 658 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years who participated in comprehensive health check-ups in 2018. Frailty was defined using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Three indicators, type, frequency, and evenness of daily activities, were used to assess activity diversity across one week. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, with frailty as the dependent variable and the three activity diversity indicators as independent variables. Socio-demographic, physical, and mental functioning factors were adjusted as covariates. RESULTS Of the 658 participants (median age: 72 years; age range: 65-91 years; 60.5% women), 27 (4.1%) met the criteria for frailty. The frail group had significantly lower scores for type, frequency, and evenness of daily activities, as well as Mini-Mental State Examination scores (all at p < 0.01). We found significant independent associations in all activity diversity indicators with frailty, in multiple logistic models. CONCLUSION Activity diversity is independently associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junta Takahashi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Hunkyung Kim
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Manami Ejiri
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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97
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Almeida-Meza P, Steptoe A, Cadar D. Is Engagement in Intellectual and Social Leisure Activities Protective Against Dementia Risk? Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:555-565. [PMID: 33554903 PMCID: PMC8075407 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies have suggested that mentally stimulating activities and socially engaged lifestyles may reduce dementia risk; however, it is unclear which activities are more beneficial. Objective: We investigated intellectual and social leisure activities in relation to dementia incidence and explored the modifying role of sex and marital status in these associations. Methods: The sample was comprised of 8,030 participants aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, who joined at wave 1 (2002-2003), or waves 3 (2006-2007), or 4 (2008-2009). The end of the study period was wave 8 (2016-2017). Subdistribution hazard models investigated the role of leisure activities grouped into intellectual and social domains in relation to dementia while accounting for the risk of death. Subsequent analyses were conducted with individual leisure activities. Results: During the study period of up to 15 years, 412 participants developed dementia, and 2,192 died. We found that increased engagement in the intellectual activities’ domain was associated with a decreased dementia incidence (SHR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.96, p = 0.007), independent of the risk of death in married individuals, but not in those who were single, divorced, or widowed. Individual analyses for each leisure activity showed independent associations for reading newspapers in females (SHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49–0.84, p = 0.001), mobile phone usage in males (SHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45–0.84, p = 0.002), and having hobbies for married individuals (SHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.95, p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found that intellectual leisure activities contribute to lower dementia risk in a representative population of English adults, suggesting intervention opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Almeida-Meza
- University College London, Department of Behavioral Science and Health, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- University College London, Department of Behavioral Science and Health, London, UK
| | - Dorina Cadar
- University College London, Department of Behavioral Science and Health, London, UK
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98
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Mao C, Li ZH, Lv YB, Gao X, Kraus VB, Zhou JH, Wu XB, Shi WY, Li FR, Liu SM, Yin ZX, Zeng Y, Shi XM. Specific Leisure Activities and Cognitive Functions Among the Oldest-Old: The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:739-746. [PMID: 30946444 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of specific leisure activities in affecting cognitive functions. We aim to examine the associations of specific leisure activities with the risk of cognitive impairment among oldest-old people in China. METHODS This community-based prospective cohort study included 10,741 cognitively normal Chinese individuals aged 80 years or older (median age 88 years) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate the effects of specific leisure activities on cognitive impairment outcome. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 3.4 years (41,760 person-years), 2,894 participants developed cognitive impairment. Compared to those who "never" engaged in watching TV or listening to radio, reading books or newspapers, and playing cards or mah-jong, those who engaged in such activities "almost every day" reduced their risk of cognitive impairment, the fully-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.56 (0.51-0.61), 0.64 (0.53-0.78), and 0.70 (0.56-0.86), respectively. The association between the risk of cognitive impairment and watching TV and listening to the radio, playing cards or mah-jong, and reading books or newspapers were stronger among those who had two or more years of education. Moreover, the association between risk of cognitive impairment and watching TV and listening to radio was stronger in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a greater frequency of TV watching or radio listening, reading books or newspapers, and playing cards or mah-jong may decrease the risk of cognitive impairment among the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Lab, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jin-Hui Zhou
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Ying Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Zhao-Xue Yin
- Division of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the study of Aging and Human Development and the Geriatric Division of School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Study of Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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99
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Walsh S, Luben R, Hayat S, Brayne C. Is there a dose-response relationship between musical instrument playing and later-life cognition? A cohort study using EPIC-Norfolk data. Age Ageing 2021; 50:220-226. [PMID: 33206939 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Musical instrument playing provides intellectual stimulation, which is hypothesised to generate cognitive reserve that protects against cognitive impairment. Studies to date have classified musicianship as a binary entity. This investigation draws on the dataset of the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Norfolk study to examine the effect of frequency of playing on later-life cognition. METHODS We compared three categorisations of self-reported musical playing frequency in late mid-life (12-month period) against cognitive performance measured after a 4-11 year delay, adjusted for relevant health and social confounders. Logistic regression models estimated the adjusted association between frequency of musical playing and the likelihood of being in the top and bottom cognitive deciles. RESULTS A total of 5,693 participants (745 musicians) provided data on music playing, cognition and all co-variables. Classification of musicianship by frequency of playing demonstrated key differences in socio-demographic factors. Musicians outperformed non-musicians in cognition generally. Compared with non-musicians, frequent musicians had 80% higher odds of being in the top cognitive decile (OR 1.80 [95% CI 1.19-2.73]), whereas musicians playing at any frequency had 29% higher odds (95% CI 1.03-1.62). There was evidence of a threshold effect, rather than a linear dose-response relationship. DISCUSSION This study supports a positive association between late mid-life musical instrument playing and later-life cognition, although causation cannot be assumed. Musicians playing frequently demonstrated the best cognition. 'Musicians' are a heterogeneous group and frequency of music playing seems a more informative measure than binary classification. Ideally, this more nuanced measure would be collected for different life course phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shabina Hayat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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100
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Rajendran V, Saikia A. Mild cognitive impairment and its lifestyle-related risk factors in the elderly: A community-based cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_16_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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