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Larsen TA, Riechmann ME, Udert KM. State of the art of urine treatment technologies: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH X 2021; 13:100114. [PMID: 34693239 PMCID: PMC8517923 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, urine treatment technologies have developed from lab studies of a few pioneers to an interesting innovation, attracting attention from a growing number of process engineers. In this broad review, we present literature from more than a decade on biological, physical-chemical and electrochemical urine treatment processes. Like in the first review on urine treatment from 2006, we categorize the technologies according to the following objectives: stabilization, volume reduction, targeted N-recovery, targeted P-recovery, nutrient removal, sanitization, and handling of organic micropollutants. We add energy recovery as a new objective, because extensive work has been done on electrochemical energy harvesting, especially with bio-electrochemical systems. Our review reveals that biological processes are a good choice for urine stabilization. They have the advantage of little demand for chemicals and energy. Due to instabilities, however, they are not suited for bathroom applications and they cannot provide the desired volume reduction on their own. A number of physical-chemical treatment technologies are applicable at bathroom scale and can provide the necessary volume reduction, but only with a steady supply of chemicals and often with high demand for energy and maintenance. Electrochemical processes is a recent, but rapidly growing field, which could give rise to exciting technologies at bathroom scale, although energy production might only be interesting for niche applications. The review includes a qualitative assessment of all unit processes. A quantitative comparison of treatment performance was not the goal of the study and could anyway only be done for complete treatment trains. An important next step in urine technology research and development will be the combination of unit processes to set up and test robust treatment trains. We hope that the present review will help guide these efforts to accelerate the development towards a mature technology with pilot scale and eventually full-scale implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove A. Larsen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michel E. Riechmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kai M. Udert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Serna-Galvis EA, Guateque-Londoño JF, Silva-Agredo J, Porras J, Ávila-Torres Y, Torres-Palma RA. Superior selectivity of high-frequency ultrasound toward chorine containing-pharmaceuticals elimination in urine: A comparative study with other oxidation processes through the elucidation of the degradation pathways. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 80:105814. [PMID: 34763213 PMCID: PMC8590069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work considered the sonochemical degradation (using a bath-type reactor, at 375 kHz and 106.3 W L-1, 250 mL of sample) of three representative halogenated pharmaceuticals (cloxacillin, diclofenac, and losartan) in urine matrices. The action route of the process was initially established. Then, the selectivity of the sonochemical system, to degrade the target pharmaceuticals in simulated fresh urine was compared with electrochemical oxidation (using a BDD anode, at 1.88 mA cm-2), and UVC/H2O2 (at 60 W of light and 500 mol L-1 of H2O2). Also, the treatment of cloxacillin in an actual urine sample by ultrasound and UVC/H2O2 was evaluated. More than 90% of the target compounds concentration, in the simulated matrix, was removed after 60 min of sonication. However, the sono-treatment of cloxacillin in the real sample was less efficient than in the synthetic urine. The ultrasonic process achieved 43% of degradation after 90 min of treatment in the actual matrix. In the sonochemical system, hydroxyl radicals in the interfacial zone were the main degrading agents. Meanwhile, in the electrochemical process, electrogenerated HOCl was responsible for the elimination of pharmaceuticals. In turn, in UVC/H2O2 both direct photolysis and hydroxyl radicals degraded the target pollutants. Interestingly, the degradation by ultrasound of the pharmaceuticals in synthetic fresh urine was very close to the observed in distilled water. Indeed, the sonodegradation had a higher selectivity than the other two processes. Despite the sono-treatment of cloxacillin was affected by the actual matrix components, this contrasts with the UVC/H2O2, which was completely inhibited in the real urine. The sonochemical process led to 100% of antimicrobial activity (AA) elimination after 75 min sonication in the synthetic urine, and ∼ 20% of AA was diminished after 90 min of treatment in the real matrix. The AA decreasing was linked to the transformations of the penicillin nucleus on cloxacillin, the region most prone to electrophilic attacks by radicals according to a density theory functional analysis. Finally, predictions of biological activity confirmed that the sono-treatment decreased the activity associated with cloxacillin, diclofenac, and losartan, highlighting the positive environmental impact of degradation of chlorinated pharmaceuticals in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington (Uniremington), Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - John F Guateque-Londoño
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Maestría en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Tecnología, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Javier Silva-Agredo
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jazmín Porras
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington (Uniremington), Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yenny Ávila-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Qin C, Abrell L, Troya D, Hunt E, Taylor S, Dontsova K. Outdoor dissolution and photodegradation of insensitive munitions formulations IMX-101 and IMX-104: Photolytic transformation pathway and mechanism study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130672. [PMID: 33964749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
New munition compounds have been developed to replace traditional explosives to prevent unintended detonations. However, insensitive munitions (IM) can leave large proportion of unexploded charge in the field, where it is subjected to photodegradation and dissolution in precipitation. The photolytic reactions occurring on the surfaces of IMX-101 and IMX-104 formulations and the subsequent fate of photolytic products in the environment were thoroughly investigated. The constituents of IMX-101 and IMX-104 formulations dissolve sequentially under rainfall in the order of aqueous solubility: 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) > nitroguanidine (NQ) > 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) > 1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). A linear relationship between DNAN dissolution and rainwater volume was observed (r2: 0.86-0.99). It was estimated that it would take 16-228 years to completely dissolve these formulation particles under natural environmental conditions in Oracle, AZ. We used LC/MS/MS and GC/MS to examine the dissolution samples from IMX-101 and 104 particles exposed to rainfall and sunlight and found six DNAN photo-transformation products including 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol, 4-methoxy-3-nitrophenol, 4-methoxy-3-nitroaniline, 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and methoxy-dinitrophenol, which are in good agreement with computational modeling results of bond strengths. The main DNAN photodegradation pathways are therefore proposed. Predicted eco-toxicity values suggested that the parent compound DNAN, methoxy-nitrophenols, methoxy-nitroanilines and the other two products (2,4-dinitrophenol and methoxy-dinitrophenol) would be harmful to fish and daphnid. Our study provides improved insight about the rain dissolution and photochemical behavior of IM formulations under natural conditions, which helps to form target-oriented strategies to mitigate explosive contamination in military training sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, 85721-0158, United States.
| | - Leif Abrell
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0038, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Edward Hunt
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, 85721-0158, United States
| | - Susan Taylor
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Hanover, NH, 03755-1290, United States
| | - Katerina Dontsova
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, 85721-0158, United States; Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0038, United States.
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Li D, Liang W, Feng X, Ruan T, Jiang G. Recent advances in data-mining techniques for measuring transformation products by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang X, Yao H, Lei X, Lian Q, Holmes WE, Fei L, Zappi ME, Gang DD. Synergistic adsorption and degradation of sulfamethoxazole from synthetic urine by hickory-sawdust-derived biochar: The critical role of the aromatic structure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126366. [PMID: 34130166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the adsorptive removal and subsequent degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from a synthetic urine by biochar (BC). The BCs used in this study were prepared using two different feedstocks with different temperatures. Element analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results suggested that the aromaticity of one of the BCs, 700HSBC was significantly different from the 700PSBC although both of them were prepared at the same temperature (700 °C) with similar pore size distributions and specific surface areas. Due to the presence of abundant aromatic structures, 700HSBC showed a higher SMX uptake than 700PSBC, suggesting that the π-π interaction was the main adsorption mechanism. The removal of SMX from the urine was significantly enhanced by adding hydrogen peroxide to the 700HSBC. The carbonate radicals degradation of SMX mechanism was proposed and verified. With 700HSBC having abundant aromatic structures acting as π-electron donors, it could be an efficient activator for peroxymonocarbonate (HCO4-) to generate carbonate radicals. Hence, it could be concluded that the aromatic structures on BCs play a key role in both of the adsorption and hydrogen peroxide degradation of the SMX resulting in its removal from urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance genes, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing 100044, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Hong Yao
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance genes, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - William E Holmes
- Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Ling Fei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
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Li B, Guo R, Tian J, Wang Z, Qu R. New Findings of Ferrate(VI) Oxidation Mechanism from Its Degradation of Alkene Imidazole Ionic Liquids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11733-11744. [PMID: 34369153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactivity, kinetics, degradation pathways and mechanisms, and ecotoxicity of the oxidation of 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide ([VEIm]Br), the most common alternative to organic solvents, by Fe(VI) (HFeO4-) were studied by lab experiments and theoretical calculations. Results show that Fe(VI) can efficiently remove VEIm through the dioxygen transfer-hydrolysis mechanism, which has not been reported yet. The reactivity of VEIm toward Fe(VI) mainly depends on the double bonds in the side chain of VEIm. The second-order rate constant for VEIm was 629.45 M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0 and 25 °C. Typical water constituents, except for SO32-, Cl-, and Cu2+, had no obvious effects on the oxidation. The oxidation products were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which proves that there were interactions between the oxidation intermediates of the anion and cation parts of [VEIm]Br during the degradation process. The structures of related products and oxidation mechanisms were further rationalized by theoretical calculations. The ecotoxicity of products from the three oxidation pathways all showed a trend of increase after the initial decrease. We hope that the findings of this work can give researchers some new inspirations on Fe(VI) degradation of other alkene-containing contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Li J, Zhao L, Feng M, Huang CH, Sun P. Abiotic transformation and ecotoxicity change of sulfonamide antibiotics in environmental and water treatment processes: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117463. [PMID: 34358906 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) are among the most widely used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections for humans and animals. They are also used in livestock agriculture to improve growth and feed efficiency in many countries. Recent years, there is a growing concern about the environmental fate and treatment technologies of SAs, in order to eliminate their potential impact on the ecosystem and human health. Additionally, SAs are frequently used as model compounds to evaluate the performance of newly developed advanced water treatment processes. Hence, understanding the chemical reaction features of SAs can provide valuable information for further technological development. In this review, the reaction kinetics, abiotic transformations and corresponding ecotoxicity changes of SAs in natural environments and water treatment processes were comprehensively analyzed to draw critical suggestion and new insights. The •OH-based AOP is proposed as an effective method for the elimination of SAs toxicity, although it is susceptible to water constituent due to low selectivity. The application of biochar or metal-based oxidants in AOPs is becoming a future trend for SA treatment. Overall, this review would provide useful information for the development of advanced water treatment technologies and the control of ecological risks related to SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Wang J, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Cao L, Bai F, Yue S, Xie P, Ma J. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2): A novel activator of peracetic acid for the degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117291. [PMID: 34107364 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are typical antibiotics and have attracted increasing concerns about their wide occurrence in environment as well as potential risk for human health. In this study, we applied a novel advanced oxidation process in SAs degradation by combining molybdenum sulfide and peracetic acid (MoS2/PAA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including HO●, CH3C(O)O●, CH3C(O)OO●, and 1O2 were generated from PAA by MoS2 activation and contributed to SAs degradation. The effects of initial pH, the dosages of PAA and MoS2, and humic acid for SAs degradation were further evaluated by selecting sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a target SA in the MoS2/PAA process. Results suggested that the optimum pH for SMX removal was 3, where the degradation efficiency of SMX was higher than 80% after reaction for 15 min. Increasing PAA (0.075-0.45 mM) or MoS2 (0.1-0.4 g/L) dosages facilitated the SMX degradation, while the presence of humic acids retarded the SMX removal. This MoS2/PAA process also showed good efficiencies in removing other SAs including sulfaguanidine, sulfamonomethoxine and sulfamerazine. Their possible degradation pathways were proposed based on the products identification and DFT calculation, showing that apart from the oxidation of amine groups to nitro groups in SAs, MoS2/PAA induced SO2 extrusion reaction for SAs that contained six-membered heterocyclic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lisan Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyang Yue
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Liu S, Fu Y, Wang G, Liu Y. Degradation of sulfamethoxazole by UV/sulfite in presence of oxygen: Efficiency, influence factors and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Piyaviriyakul P, Boontanon N, Boontanon SK. Bioremoval and tolerance study of sulfamethoxazole using whole cell Trichoderma harzianum isolated from rotten tree bark. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:920-927. [PMID: 34270386 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1941558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination raises concerns over antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can severely impact the human health and environment. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a widely used antibiotic that is incompletely metabolized in the body. In this study, the research objectives were (1) to isolate the native strain of Trichoderma sp. from the environment and analyze the tolerance toward SMX concentration by evaluating fungal growth, and (2) to investigate the potential of SMX removal by fungi. The potential fungi isolated from rotten tree bark showed 97% similarity to Trichoderma harzianum (Accession no. MH707098.1). The whole cell of fungi was examined in vitro; the strain Trichoderma harzianum BGP115 eliminated 71% of SMX after 7 days, while the white rot fungi Trametes versicolor, demonstrated 90% removal after 10 days. Furthermore, the tolerance of fungal growth toward SMX concentration at 10 mg L-1 was analyzed, which indicated that Trichoderma harzianum BGP115 (the screened strain) exhibited more tolerance toward SMX than Trametes versicolor (the reference strain). The screened fungi isolated from rotted tree bark demonstrated the ability of SMX bioremoval and the potential to be tolerant to high concentrations of SMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaya Piyaviriyakul
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Narin Boontanon
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhang B, Wang X, Fang Z, Wang S, Shan C, Wei S, Pan B. Unravelling molecular transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter in UV/H 2O 2, UV/persulfate, and UV/chlorine processes based on FT-ICR-MS analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117158. [PMID: 33975087 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) are very promising in advanced treatment of municipal secondary effluents. However, the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) in advanced treatment of real wastewater, particularly at molecular level, remains unclear. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) coupled with multiple statistical analysis were performed to better understand the transformation of dEfOM in UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate (UV/PS), and UV/chlorine treatments. An obvious increase in oxygen content of dEfOM was observed after every UV-AOPs treatment, and the detailed oxygenation processes were further uncovered by mass difference analysis based on 24 types of typical reactions. Generally, UV/H2O2 process was subjected to the most oxygenation reactions with the typical tri-hydroxylation one (+3O), whereas di-hydroxylation reaction (+H2O2) was dominant in UV/PS and UV/chlorine processes. Additionally, the three UV-AOPs shared the majority of precursors, and more proportions of unique products were identified for each process. The precursors with lower H/C and higher aromaticity were readily degraded by UV/chlorine over UV/H2O2 and UV/PS, with the products featuring lower molecular weight. Moreover, dEfOM of high aromaticity tended to produce chlorinated byproducts through addition reactions in chlorination and UV/chlorine processes. Among these UV-AOPs, the highest reduction of both acute toxicity and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) was observed for UV/chlorine, implying the potential for UV/chlorine process in advanced treatment of wastewater. In addition, acute toxicity was highly correlated with SUVA254 and CHOS compounds. This study is believed to help better understand the different fates of dEfOM in real wastewater during UV-AOPs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoyao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Guérette C, Lemoine P, Ramirez P, Segura PA. Determination of short-chain carboxylic acids and non-targeted analysis of water samples treated by wet air oxidation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462352. [PMID: 34233247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A method based on gas chromatography coupled with electron ionization mass spectrometry employing N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with trimethylchlorosilane as derivatization agent was developed to quantify short-chain carboxylic acids (C1-C6) in hospital wastewater treated by wet air oxidation, an advanced oxidation process. Extraction from water and derivatization of volatile and semi-volatile short chain carboxylic acids were optimized and validated and limits of quantification (LOQ = 0.049 mg L-1-4.15 mg L-1), repeatability (RSD = 1.7-12.8%), recovery (31-119%) and trueness (relative bias = -19.0-3.4%) were acceptable. The validated method was successfully applied to monitor the concentration of organic acids formed after wet air oxidation of water samples. Results showed that the method described herein allowed to identify 38% and up to 46% of the final chemical oxygen demand's composition after wet air oxidation of acetaminophen spiked in deionised water and hospital wastewater samples, respectively. The developed method also allowed to perform qualitative non-targeted analysis in hospital wastewater samples after treatment. Results demonstrated that glycerol, methenamine, and benzoic acid were also present in the samples and their presence was confirmed with reference standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Guérette
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pascal Lemoine
- Centre de Transfert Technologique en Écologie Industrielle, Sorel-Tracy, QC J3R 1C2, Canada
| | - Pedro Ramirez
- Centre de Transfert Technologique en Écologie Industrielle, Sorel-Tracy, QC J3R 1C2, Canada
| | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
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63
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Clark JA, Yang Y, Ramos NC, Hillhouse HW. Selective oxidation of pharmaceuticals and suppression of perchlorate formation during electrolysis of fresh human urine. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117106. [PMID: 33933918 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urine comprises only a small (~1%) volumetric fraction of municipal wastewater, but represents a dominant source of pharmaceuticals, many of which may pass through conventional wastewater treatment and pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Point-source treatment of source-separated urine presents a unique opportunity to degrade pharmaceuticals before dilution with wastewater, and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes are one increasingly investigated option. However, they often lead to the formation of oxidation byproducts including chlorate, perchlorate at very high concentrations. Here, we show that the high urea content of fresh human urine suppresses the formation of oxychlorides by inhibiting formation of HOCl/OCl‒ during electrolysis, while still enabling pharmaceutical degradation due to the slow rate of urea oxidation by •OH. This results in improved performance compared to equivalent treatment of hydrolyzed aged urine. This electrochemical oxidation scheme is shown to degrade the model contaminants cyclophosphamide and sulfamethoxazole with surface-area-to-volume-normalized pseudo-first-order rate constants greater than 0.08 cm/min in authentic fresh human urine. It results in ~100 × decrease in pharmaceutical concentrations in 2 h while generating ~1000 × lower oxychloride byproduct concentrations in synthetic fresh urine than synthetic hydrolyzed aged urine matrixes. Importantly, this proof-of-principle shows that simple and safe electrochemical methods can be used for point-source-remediation of pharmaceuticals in fresh human urine (before storage and hydrolysis), without formation of significant oxychloride byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Clark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Institute, Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Nathanael C Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Institute, Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Hugh W Hillhouse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Institute, Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA.
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64
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Wang A, Hua Z, Wu Z, Chen C, Hou S, Huang B, Wang Y, Wang D, Li X, Li C, Fang J. Insights into the effects of bromide at fresh water levels on the radical chemistry in the UV/peroxydisulfate process. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 197:117042. [PMID: 33784605 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bromide (Br-) is a typical scavenger to sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (HO•), which simultaneously forms secondary reactive bromine species (RBS) such as Br• and Br2•-. This study investigated the effects of Br- at fresh water levels (~μM) on the radical chemistry in the UV/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) process by combining the degradation kinetics of probe compounds (nitrobenzene, metronidazole, and benzoate) with kinetic model. Br- at 1 - 50 μM promoted the conversion from SO4•- to HO• and RBS in the UV/PDS process. At pH 7, the concentration of SO4•- monotonically decreased by 31.5 - 94.8% at 1 - 50 μM Br-, while that of HO• showed an increasing and then decreasing pattern, with a maximum increase by 171.7% at 5 μM Br-. The concentrations of Br• and Br2•- (10-12 - 10-10 M) were 2 - 3 orders of magnitude higher than SO4•- and HO•. Alkaline condition promoted the conversion from SO4•- to HO•, and drove the transformation from RBS to HO•, resulting in much lower concentrations of RBS at pH 10. Br- at 1 μM and 5 μM decreased the pseudo-first-order reaction rates (k's) of 15 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) by 15.2 - 73.9%, but increased k's of naproxen and ibuprofen by 13.7 - 57.3% at pH 7. The co-existence of 10 - 1000 μM Cl- with 5 μM Br- further promoted the conversion from SO4•- to HO• compared to Br- alone. Bicarbonate consumed SO4•- and HO• but slightly affected RBS, while natural organic matter (NOM) exerted scavenging effects on HO• and RBS more significantly than SO4•-. This study demonstrated that Br- at fresh water levels significantly altered the radical chemistry of the UV/PDS process, especially for promoting the formation of HO•.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhechao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaodong Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bangjie Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Ding Wang
- General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chuanhao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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65
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Wu W, Zhu S, Huang X, Wei W, Jin C, Ni BJ. Determination of Instinct Components of Biomass on the Generation of Persistent Free Radicals (PFRs) as Critical Redox Sites in Pyrogenic Chars for Persulfate Activation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7690-7701. [PMID: 33998225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate (PS) activation on biochar (BC) is a promising technology for degrading the aqueous organic contaminants. However, the complexity of activation mechanisms and components in biomass that used to produce BC makes it difficult to predict the performance of PS activation. In this study, we employed eight sludges as the representative biomass that contained absolutely different organic or inorganic components. Results showed that the elemental composition, surface properties, and structures of the sludge-derived BCs (SBCs) clearly depended on the inherent components in the sludges. The intensities of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) correlated positively with N-containing content of sludges as electron shuttle, but negatively with the metal content as electron acceptor. Linking with PFRs as crucial sites of triggering a radical reaction, a poly-parameter relationship of predicting PS activation for organic degradation using the sludge components was established (kobs,PN = 0.004 × Cprotein + 0.16 × CM-0.895 -0.118). However, for the PS activation on those SBCs without PFRs, this redox process only relied on the sorption or conductivity-related characteristics, not correlating with the content of intrinsic components in biomass but with pyrolysis temperatures. This study provided insightful information of predicting the remediation efficiency of PS activation on BCs and further understanding the fate of contaminants and stoichiometric efficiency of oxidants in a field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shishu Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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66
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Lee MY, Wang WL, Du Y, Jeon TW, Shin SK, Wu QY, Dao GH, Hu HY. Applications of UV/H 2O 2, UV/persulfate, and UV/persulfate/Cu 2+ for the elimination of reverse osmosis concentrate generated from municipal wastewater reclamation treatment plant: Toxicity, transformation products, and disinfection byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144161. [PMID: 33360474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) resulting from treatment of municipal wastewater reclamation involves high concentrations of recalcitrant pollutants. This study evaluated the toxicity of an ROC containing harmful biocides during representative UV synergistic oxidation processes (SOPs) (e.g., UV/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), UV/persulfate (PS), and UV/PS/Cu2+). Treated ROC exhibited up to 1.3-2.3 times higher toxicity than the parent compounds such as dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC). Based on the intermediates identification, the major toxic intermediates were screened through silico assessment using the quantitative Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) tool. The transformation products (TPs) of hydroxylation and ketonization were the major formed reactions from the UV/PS/Cu2+. Also, some cytotoxic TPs were accumulated during the UV/H2O2 and UV/PS oxidations, where the carbonaceous-disinfection byproducts were more than the nitrogenous-disinfection byproducts. In the presence of chloride and bromide, chlorate and bromate could be formed during the UV-SOP; they were influenced by the different water matrix in comparison with the different ROC. Also, the formation of the total organic halogen species (TOX) was found to follow this order: UV/PS/Cu2+ < UV/H2O2 < UV/PS. In this study, the predicted cytotoxicity using the correlation between the TOX and the cytotoxicity was more acceptable than that of the cytotoxicity index method. Further, the R-square of the correlation between the TOX and the cytotoxicity for the UV/H2O2 and UV/PS was 0.82 and 0.79, respectively. The predicted cytotoxicity using the TOX correlation method in the ROC could also be used to monitor and prevent the application of different oxidations in municipal wastewater reclamation treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yong Lee
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ye Du
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tae-Wan Jeon
- Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Shin
- Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Dao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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67
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Cheng Z, Zuo Z, Yang S, Yuan Z, Huang X, Liu Y. Study of free nitrous acid (FNA)-based elimination of sulfamethoxazole: Kinetics, transformation pathways, and toxicity assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116629. [PMID: 33249308 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid (FNA)-based applications have been broadly adopted in the development of novel wastewater management technologies, but a basic understanding of the effect of the chemical properties of FNA on the elimination of micropollutants is still lacking. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate FNA-based elimination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), which is a typical species of sulphonamide antibiotics. Batch experiments were conducted under different influencing factors to investigate the antibiotics elimination processes. We found that FNA showed specific efficacy on sulphonamides characterized by sulfonamide and aniline functional groups, such as SMX. SMX degradation was affected by the initial SMX concentration, FNA concentration and solution pH and described by d[SMX]/dt=-0.29e-1.69pH[SMX]0.945[FNA]1.35. The cationic forms of SMX were more reactive towards FNA-based active components. Sulfonamide bond (S-N or C-S bonds) cleavage, nitrosubstitution, deamination and radical oxidation were proposed to be the relevant transformation pathways. The FNA-based technique was not effective for diminishing toxicity, but this process could strongly control antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084
| | - Zhiqiang Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084
| | - Shaolin Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084.
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68
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Lv Y, Li Z, Zhou X, Cheng S, Zheng L. Stabilization of source-separated urine by heat-activated peroxydisulfate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142213. [PMID: 33370919 PMCID: PMC7607252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Source-separated urine is an attractive fertilizer due to its high nutrient content, but the rapidly hydrolysis of urea leads to ammonia volatilization and other environmental problems. Urine stabilization, which meanly means preventing enzymatic urea hydrolysis, receives increasing attention. Accordingly, this study developed a technique to stabilize fresh urine by heat-activated peroxydisulfate (PDS). The effect of three crucial parameters, including temperature (55, 62.5, and 70 °C), heat-activated time (1, 2, and 3 h), and PDS concentration (10, 30, and 50 mM) that affect the activation of PDS in urine stabilization were investigated. Nitrogen in fresh urine treated with 50 mM PDS at 62.5 °C for 3 h existed mainly in the form of urea for more than 22 days at 25 °C. Moreover, the stabilized urine could remain stable and resist second contamination by continuous and slow pH decrease due to PDS decomposition during storage. Less than 8% of nitrogen loss in stabilized urine was detected during the experiment. The investigation of nitrogen transformation pathway demonstrated that urea was decomposed into NH4+ by heat-activated PDS and further oxidized to NO2- and NO3-. The nitrogen loss during treatment occurred via heat-driven ammonia volatilization and N2 emission produced by synproportionation of NO2- and NH4+ under acid and thermal conditions. Overall, this study investigated an efficient approach of urine stabilization to improve urine utilization in terms of nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Lv
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shikun Cheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
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69
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Fang F, Zhang Y, Bai J, Li J, Mei X, Zhou C, Zhou M, Zhou B. Efficient urine removal, simultaneous elimination of emerging contaminants, and control of toxic chlorate in a photoelectrocatalytic-chlorine system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115605. [PMID: 33254651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urine, which is an important waste biomass resource, is the main source of nitrogen in sewage and contains large quantities of emerging contaminants (ECs). In this study, we propose a new method to efficiently remove urine, simultaneously eliminate ECs, and control the generation of toxic chlorate during urine treatment using a photoelectrocatalytic-chlorine (PEC-Cl) system. A type-II heterojunction of WO3/BiVO4 was used as a photoanode to generate chlorine radicals (Cl•) by decreasing the oxidation potential of WO3 valence band for the highly selective conversion of urine to N2 and the simultaneous degradation of ECs in an efficient manner. The method presented surprising results. It was observed that the amount of toxic chlorate was significantly inhibited by circumventing the over-oxidation of Cl- by holes or hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Moreover, the removal of urea nitrogen reached 97% within 90 min, while the degradation rate of trimethoprim in urine was above 98.6% within 60 min, which was eight times more than that in the PEC system (12.1%). Compared to the bare WO3 photoanode, the toxic chlorate and nitrate generated by the WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode decreased by 61% and 44%, respectively. Thus, this study provides a safe, efficient, and environmentally-friendly approach for the disposal of urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Mei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mengyang Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan, 650034, PR China.
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70
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Wu M, Tang Y, Liu Q, Tan Z, Wang M, Xu B, Xia S, Mao S, Gao N. Highly efficient chloramphenicol degradation by UV and UV/H 2 O 2 processes based on LED light source. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:2049-2059. [PMID: 32474955 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, UV-LED was employed as a novel light source to investigate the degradation of a representative antibiotic compound, chloramphenicol (CAP), in the absence or presence of H2 O2 . The UV-LED irradiation showed a higher capability for degradation of CAP than conventional UV-Hg vapor lamps. Effects of the initial CAP concentration, UV wavelength, and light intensity on the degradation of CAP by UV-LED were evaluated. Introduction of H2 O2 evidently enhanced the degradation efficiency of CAP due to the production of reactive hydroxyl radicals. Results showed that the UV-LED/H2 O2 removed CAP by up to 95% within 60 min at pH 5.0, which was twice as that achieved by the UV-LED alone. The degradation products were identified to propose plausible degradation pathways. Moreover, the formation potentials of typical carbonaceous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) were assessed for the CAP polluted water treated by the UV-LED alone and UV-LED/H2 O2 processes. Results indicate unintended formation of certain DBPs, thereby highlighting the importance of health risk assessments before practical application. This study opens a new avenue for developing environment-friendly and high-performance UV-LED photocatalytic reactors for abatement of CAP pollution in water. PRACTITIONER POINTS: UV-LED bore higher capability to degrade CAP than low-pressure Hg lamp. The optimal performance to degrade CAP can be achieved at the UV wavelength of 280 nm. The degradation efficiency under UV-LED/H2 O2 process was double of that under UV-LED process. TCM, DCAN, and TCNM formation were higher under the existence of UV-LED radiation. The addition of H2 O2 had greater influence on the formation of DCAcAm than the introduction of UV-LED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjiao Tan
- Wuxi Public Utilities Environment Testing Research Institute Co. Ltd., Wuxi, China
| | - Mu Wang
- Wuxi Public Utilities Environment Testing Research Institute Co. Ltd., Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengji Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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71
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Hong M, Wang Y, Lu G. UV-Fenton degradation of diclofenac, sulpiride, sulfamethoxazole and sulfisomidine: Degradation mechanisms, transformation products, toxicity evolution and effect of real water matrix. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127351. [PMID: 32563068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four common refractory pharmaceuticals, diclofenac (DF), sulpiride (SP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfisomidine (SIM) were detected in the Disc Tubular Reverse Osmosis (DTRO) concentrates with higher concentrations ranging from 0.85 to 11.57 μg/L from the local landfill. The effect of complex matrix of DTRO concentrates on the UV-Fenton degradation kinetics of DF, SP, SMX and SIM and their transformation products (TPs) were studied. All the four pharmaceuticals could be degraded more efficiently in the ultrapure water than that in the DTRO-concentrate matrix, which also had a significant negative effect on the kinetic constants of the degradation. Twenty-two out of forty-nine TPs were newly identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS and their peak-area evolution was presented. The main degradation pathways for four pharmaceuticals were identified. When assessing cytotoxicity by using HepG2 cells, there appeared to be an obvious toxicity-increase region for each of SP, SMX and SIM. Eleven TPs were identified as the potential toxicity-increase causing TPs by combination of the QSAR prediction, HepG2 cytotoxicity assessment and peak-area evolution of TPs. Therefore, UV-Fenton process was a promising method for the refractory pharmaceutical degradation even in the complex water matrix and choosing appropriate reaction parameters for the UV-Fenton could eliminate the cytotoxicity of the TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianwei Hong
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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72
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Yang C, Song G, Lim W. A review of the toxicity in fish exposed to antibiotics. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108840. [PMID: 32640291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of human and veterinary diseases and are being used worldwide in the agriculture industry to promote livestock growth. However, a variety of antibiotics that are found in aquatic environments are toxic to aquatic organisms. Antibiotics are not completely removed by wastewater treatment plants and are therefore released into aquatic environments, which raises concern about the destruction of the ecosystem owing to their non-target effects. Since antibiotics are designed to be persistent and work steadily in the body, their chronic toxicity effects have been studied in aquatic microorganisms. However, research on the toxicity of antibiotics in fish at the top of the aquatic food chain is relatively poor. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the reported toxicity studies with antibiotics in fish, including zebrafish, to date. Four antibiotic types; quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides, which are thought to be genetically toxic to fish have been reported to bioaccumulate in fish tissues, as well as in aquatic environments such as rivers and surface water. The adverse effects of these antibiotics are known to cause damage to developmental, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems, as well as in altering anti-oxidant and immune responses, in fish. Therefore, there are serious concerns about the toxicity of antibiotics in fish and further research and strategies are needed to prevent them in different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
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Adil S, Maryam B, Kim EJ, Dulova N. Individual and simultaneous degradation of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim by ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/persulfate processes: A comparative study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109889. [PMID: 32979996 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the individual and simultaneous degradation and mineralization of the antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) in aqueous solution by ozonation, ozone-activated persulfate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) processes. The trials were carried out in a semi-continuous column bubble reactor with an ozone diffuser located at the bottom of the column for a period of 2 h. Furthermore, the efficiency of studied processes were evaluated at two different initial pH and various doses of oxidants. The target compounds degradation observed pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) and removal of total organic carbon (TOC) using ozone-based oxidation processes were compared. Irrespective of the applied processes, the mineralization of target compounds was less effective than their degradation in both individual and simultaneous systems. The highest antibiotics degradation rate constants were observed for individual oxidation of TMP (kobs = 0.379 min-1) and SMX (kobs = 0.367 min-1) at alkaline initial pH (pH0) in the O3/H2O2 system at an [antibiotic]/H2O2 molar ratio of 1/1. Irrespective of the antibiotic studied, the most effective TOC removal (~44%) was observed after a 2-h treatment with the O3/H2O2 system at an [antibiotic]/H2O2 molar ratio of 1/5 (pH0 10.9). The O3/PS system at an [antibiotic]/PS molar ratio of 1/5 (pH0 10.9) proved the most effective system for both mineralization and degradation (kobs values of 0.294 min-1 and 0.266 min-1) of TMP and SMX, respectively, during the simultaneous oxidation of SMX-TMP. The decomposition by-products of SMX and TMP in studied ozone-based processes were identified using LC-MS analysis. The results of this study strongly suggest that using the O3/PS process is a promising solution to reduce SMX-TMP contamination in water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawaira Adil
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST-School, Korea University of Science and Technology, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bareera Maryam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST-School, Korea University of Science and Technology, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Niina Dulova
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia.
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Xue G, Zheng M, Qian Y, Li Q, Gao P, Liu Z, Chen H, Li X. Comparison of aniline removal by UV/CaO 2 and UV/H 2O 2: Degradation kinetics and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126983. [PMID: 32402867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The instability and rapid consumption of H2O2 limit the application of UV/H2O2 in water treatment. Recently, calcium peroxide (CaO2) has been demonstrated as an effective source of H2O2. However, the performance and mechanism of UV/CaO2 are still unknown. Herein, UV/CaO2 and UV/H2O2 were compared for degradation of aniline. The removal efficiency of aniline by UV/CaO2 was slightly lower than that by UV/H2O2, which could be attributed to the light scavenger by CaO2 suspended particles. HO‧ was identified to participate in aniline degradation in both UV/CaO2 and UV/H2O2, while O2-· was only involved in UV/CaO2. The efficiency of aniline degradation in UV/CaO2 was affected by the released H2O2 in the system. The release and decomposition rate of H2O2 in UV/CaO2 system were influenced by the CaO2 dosage and reaction pH, but slightly related with water matrix. Excessive CaO2 would scavenge aniline degradation through the released H2O2 to react with HO‧. Acidic condition would enhance the concentration of H2O2 in UV/CaO2 and promote the degradation of aniline. Cl- showed slight and almost no effect on aniline degradation in UV/CaO2 and UV/H2O2 systems, respectively, while HCO3- scavenged aniline degradation in UV/CaO2. NO3- inhibited aniline degradation in both UV/CaO2 and UV/H2O2. Compared to UV/H2O2, UV/CaO2 shows the similar efficiency on organics removal but conquers the limitations in UV/H2O2, which is a promising alternative choice in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Yajie Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Qian Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Pin Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Zhenhong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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75
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Wang S, Liu Y, Wang J. Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Fe-Co-O-Codoped Graphite Carbon Nitride for Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10361-10369. [PMID: 32672945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has a stable structure but poor catalytic capability for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). In this study, the codoping of g-C3N4 with bimetallic oxides (iron and cobalt) and oxygen was investigated to enhance its catalytic capability. The results showed that iron, cobalt, and oxygen codoped g-C3N4 (Fe-Co-O-g-C3N4) was successfully prepared, which was capable of completely degrading sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (0.04 mM) within 30 min, with a reaction rate of 0.085 min-1, indicating the superior catalytic activity of Fe-Co-O-g-C3N4. The mineralization efficiency of SMX was 22.1%. Sulfate radicals and singlet oxygen were detected during the process of PMS activation. However, the role that singlet oxygen played in degrading SMX was not obvious. Surface-bound reactive species and sulfate radicals were responsible for SMX degradation, in which sulfate radicals contributed to 46.6% of SMX degradation. The superior catalytic activity was due to the synergistic effect of metal oxides and O-g-C3N4, in which O-g-C3N4 could act as a carrier and an activator as well as an electron mediator to promote the conversion of Fe(III) to Fe(II) and Co(III) to Co(II). Four main steps of SMX degradation were proposed, including direct oxidation of SMX, bond fission of N-C, bond fission of N-S, and bond fission of S-C. The effect of the pH, temperature, PMS concentration, chloridion, bicarbonate, and humic acids on SMX degradation was investigated. Cycling experiments demonstrated the good stability of Fe-Co-O-g-C3N4. This study first reported the preparation of bimetallic oxide and oxygen codoped g-C3N4, which was an effective PMS activator for degradation of toxic organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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76
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Chen C, Wu Z, Zheng S, Wang L, Niu X, Fang J. Comparative Study for Interactions of Sulfate Radical and Hydroxyl Radical with Phenol in the Presence of Nitrite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8455-8463. [PMID: 32516530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate radical (SO4•-)- and hydroxyl radical (HO•)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective for the removal of organic pollutants in water treatment. This study compared the interactions of SO4•- and HO• for the transformation of phenol in UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS) and UV/H2O2 with the presence of NO2-, which is widely present in aquatic environments and transforms SO4•- and HO• to •NO2. By using laser flash photolysis, the products of phenol reacting with SO4•- and HO• were demonstrated to be phenoxy radical and phenol-HO-adduct radical, respectively. This result, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicate that the predominant reaction mechanisms of phenol with SO4•- and HO• with phenol are electron transfer and addition, respectively. The different mechanisms induced the much higher formation of nitrophenols by SO4•- than HO• in the presence of NO2- through the fast combination of phenoxy radicals and •NO2. The conversion yields of phenol to nitrophenols (including 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol), were 47.5% by SO4•- versus 5.3% by HO• at the experimental conditions. Increasing PDS/H2O2 dosages from 0.2 to 1 mM resulted in a 61.9% increase of nitrophenol conversion yield in UV/PDS/NO2- but a 35.4% decrease of that in UV/H2O2/NO2-. In addition, the significant formation of phenoxy radicals by SO4•- also induced many nitrated polymers in UV/PDS/NO2-, while those induced in UV/H2O2/NO2- were negligible. The significant formation of nitrophenols and nitrated polymers increased the mutagenicity by 860.5% when the removal rate of phenol was 98% by UV/PDS/NO2-. This is the first study to demonstrate the different mechanisms of phenol transformation by SO4•- and HO• in the presence of NO2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xizhi Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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77
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Song Y, Huang L, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang H, Liu Y. Synergistic effect of persulfate and g-C 3N 4 under simulated solar light irradiation: Implication for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122379. [PMID: 32120217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A method combining g-C3N4 and potassium peroxydisulfate (PDS) under simulated sunlight was put forward to effectively degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The SMX removal efficiency was substantially improved compared with the processes involving only g-C3N4 or PDS. The kinetic constants for the g-C3N4, PDS and g-C3N4/PDS systems were 0.0023, 0.0239 and 0.068 min-1, respectively. The g-C3N4/PDS process reached an SMX removal rate of 98.4 % after 60 min of simulated sunlight; in addition, the proposed system showed desirable efficiency for SMX degradation in two different actual water samples as well. The reaction mechanism was illustrated by trapping experiments, which showed that g-C3N4 can promote S2O82- to transfer SO4-, S2O82- favored the generation of O2-, and O2-, SO4- and holes (h+) were the main oxidative species for the SMX degradation in the combined reaction process under simulated sunlight. Then, to further explore this mechanism, the intermediates generated during the combined reaction process were analyzed by LC/MS and possible degradation pathways were proposed. The result showed that the breaking of the SN and C-S bonds, the hydroxylation of the benzene ring and the oxidation of the amino group were identified as the main pathways in the SMX degradation process by the g-C3N4/PDS system under simulated sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Song
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Long Huang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yali Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
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Yang J, Wang Z, Lv G, Liu W, Wang Y, Sun X, Gao J. Indirect photodegradation of fludioxonil by hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen in aquatic environment: Mechanism, photoproducts formation and eco-toxicity assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110644. [PMID: 32325330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fludioxonil has been proven valuable as a broad-spectrum fungicide. However, there are concerns about its risk posed to non-target organisms in aquatic environments. In this paper, the mechanism, photoproducts transformation and eco-toxicity of fludioxonil during •OH/1O2-initiated process were systematically studied using quantum chemistry and computational toxicology. The results indicate that the two favorable pathways of •OH/1O2-initiated reactions are both occurred in pyrrole ring. It can conclude that the rate constants of •OH and 1O2 are 1.23 × 1010 and 3.69 × 107 M-1 s-1 at 298K, respectively, which results in half-lives of <2 days in surface waters under sunlit near-surface conditions. Based on toxicity assessments, these photoproducts showed a decreased aquatic toxicity but the majority products are still toxic. This study gives more insight into the chemical transformation mechanism of fludioxonil in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoxue Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Guochun Lv
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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79
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Li B, Ma X, Deng J, Li Q, Chen W, Li G, Chen G, Wang J. Comparison of acetaminophen degradation in UV-LED-based advance oxidation processes: Reaction kinetics, radicals contribution, degradation pathways and acute toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137993. [PMID: 32220734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including UV-LED/chloramine (UV-LED/NH2Cl), UV-LED/hydrogen peroxide (UV-LED/H2O2) and UV-LED/persulfate (UV-LED/PS), were adopted for acetaminophen (AAP) removal. Results showed that AAP could be effectively degraded by the hybrid processes compared to solely using with UV irradiation and oxidants. The AAP degradation in the three UV-LED-based AOPs were in the order of UV-LED/PS > UV-LED/H2O2 > UV-LED/NH2Cl and followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The degradation rate constant (kobs) increased with increasing oxidant dosage, whereas overdosing lowered the AAP degradation. The second-order rate constants of HO, SO4-, and Cl with AAP were calculated as 5.15 × 109, 7.66 × 109 and 1.08 × 1010 M-1 s-1, respectively. Under neutral conditions, the contributions of UV-LED, HO, and Cl to AAP degradation were 4.21%, 60.15% and 35.64% in the UV-LED/NH2Cl system, whereas the respective contributions of UV-LED, HO and SO4- to AAP degradation were 2.09%, 22.84% and 75.07% in UV-LED/PS system, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding contributions of the involved reactive species were found to be pH-dependence. The natural organic materials (NOM) inhibited the AAP degradation, and the presence of Cl-, HCO3-, and NO3- had different effects on AAP degradation in the three hybrid processes. The AAP degradation was significantly inhibited in the three UV-LED-based AOPs in real water. In addition, the intermediate products were also identified, and possible degradation pathways were proposed in the three UV-LED-based AOPs. The acute toxicity bioassay using bacterium Vibrio fischeri suggested that the UV-LED/PS process was more effective than the UV-LED/H2O2 and UV-LED/NH2Cl processes in reducing the acute toxicity of the reacted AAP solution. Among the three UV-LED-based AOPs, the UV-LED/PS was found to be the most efficient process for AAP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Republic of China, People Republic of China, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guoyuan Chen
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiping Wang
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
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80
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Wang S, Liu H, Wang J. Nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen co-doped carbon-armored Co/Co 9S 8 rods (Co/Co 9S 8@N-S-O-C) as efficient activator of peroxymonosulfate for sulfamethoxazole degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121669. [PMID: 31740303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen co-doped carbon armored cobalt sulfide (Co/Co9S8@N-S-O-C) composite was synthesized, characterized and used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). SMX (0.04 mM) can be completely degraded within 20 min in the presence of 0.8 mM PMS and 0.1 g/L Co/Co9S8@N-S-O-C composite. The first-order kinetics constant of SMX degradation was 0.307 min-1, and the mineralization of SMX was 30.1 %. The Quenching experiments of the free radicals and the identification of degradation products demonstrated that sulfate radicals played a dominant role in SMX degradation. The degradation rate of SMX increased with temperature, and activation energy was calculated to be 48.6 kJ/mol. The degradation rate of SMX increased firstly then decreased with increase of pH. Chloridion and humic acid decreased the degradation rate of SMX no matter what their initial concentration was. The effect of carbonate on SMX degradation depended on its initial concentration. Co/Co9S8@N-S-O-C composite showed good stability, the removal efficiency of SMX was 98.4 % in the fifth experiment. Based on the characterization results of the catalyst before and after use, it was concluded that cobalt, sulfur, pyridnic N and graphitic N were responsible for PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Datang Environment Industry Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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81
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Wang S, Xu W, Wu J, Gong Q, Xie P. Improved sulfamethoxazole degradation by the addition of MoS2 into the Fe2+/peroxymonosulfate process. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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82
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Li R, Huang J, Cai M, Huang J, Xie Z, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Liu H, Lv W, Liu G. Activation of peroxymonosulfate by Fe doped g-C 3N 4 /graphene under visible light irradiation for Trimethoprim degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121435. [PMID: 31629594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fe-doped g-C3N4 / graphene (rGO) composites were investigated as catalysts for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade Trimethoprim (TMP) under visible light irradiation. The rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in g-C3N4 may be suppressed by doping with Fe and incorporating rGO. The TMP degradation efficiency using 0.2% Fe-g-C3N4/2 wt% rGO/PMS was 3.8 times than that of g-C3N4/PMS. The degradation efficiency of TMP increased with higher catalyst dosages and PMS concentrations. Acidic condition (pH = 3) was observed to significantly enhance the TMP degradation efficiency from 61.4% at pH = 6 to nearly 100%. By quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR), O2- was found to play an important role for the activation of PMS to accelerate the generation of reactive radicals for the TMP degradation. A total of 8 intermediates derived from hydroxylation, demethoxylation and carbonylation were identified through theoretical calculations and the HRAM/LC-MS-MS technique, and transformation pathways of TMP oxidation were proposed. TOC removal rate of TMP increased as reaction time was prolonged. Acute toxicity estimation by quantitative structure-active relationship analysis indicated that most of the less toxic intermediates were generated. The aim of this study was to elucidate and validate the functionality of a promising polymeric catalyst for the environmental remediation of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobai Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiashu Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meixuan Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijie Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Henan Key laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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83
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The bromate formation accompanied by the degradation of 2,4-bromophenol in UV/peroxymonosulfate. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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84
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Wang Z, Wang J, Xiong B, Bai F, Wang S, Wan Y, Zhang L, Xie P, Wiesner MR. Application of Cobalt/Peracetic Acid to Degrade Sulfamethoxazole at Neutral Condition: Efficiency and Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:464-475. [PMID: 31763831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An advanced oxidation process of combining cobalt and peracetic acid (Co/PAA) was developed to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in this study. The formed acetylperoxy radical (CH3CO3•) through the activation of PAA by Co (Co2+) was the dominant radical responsible for SMX degradation, and acetoxyl radical (CH3CO2•) might also have played a role. The efficient redox cycle of Co3+/Co2+ allows good removal efficiency of SMX even at quite low dosage of Co (<1 μM). The presence of H2O2 in the Co/PAA process has a negative effect on the degradation of SMX due to the competition for reactive radicals. The SMX degradation in the Co/PAA process is pH dependent, and the optimum reaction pH is near-neutral. Humic acid and HCO3- can inhibit SMX degradation in the Co/PAA process, while the presence of Cl- plays a little role in the degradation of SMX in this system. Although transformation products of SMX in the Co/PAA system show higher acute toxicity, the low Co dose and SMX concentration in aquatic solution can efficiently weaken the acute toxicity. After reaction in the Co/PAA process, numerous carbon sources that could be provided for bacteria and algae growth can be produced, suggesting that the proposed Co/PAA process has good potential when combined with the biotreatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Durham, North Carolina 27708-0287, United States
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Durham, North Carolina 27708-0287, United States
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85
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Gong H, Chu W, Gong H, Huang A, Lin J, Yan M. Cooperation of Fe(II) and peroxymonosulfate for enhancement of sulfamethoxazole photodegradation: mechanism study and toxicity elimination. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35646-35657. [PMID: 35517072 PMCID: PMC9056884 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05704e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at systematically examining the potential of removing the emerging pollutant sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous solution under photo-assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by Fe(ii). The residual SMX was determined by HPLC analysis. The concentration of Fe(ii) ([Fe(ii)]) was monitored during SMX degradation. Fe(ii) and PMS cooperated with each other for faster SMX photodegradation; a relatively lower or higher molar ratio between Fe(ii) and PMS led to lower SMX removal efficiency due to the insufficient radicals or scavenging effect. A fixed reaction ratio of [Fe(ii)]Δ : [PMS]0 with 1.6 : 1 at the first 5 min was detected for reactions with [Fe(ii)]0 ≥ 0.5 mM or [PMS]0 ≤ 0.25 mM. The pH level of around 6.0 was recommended for optimal SMX removal under the treatment process UVA + Fe(ii) + PMS. Six transformation products were detected through UPLC/ESI-MS analysis, and four of the proposed intermediates were newly reported. Concentrations of the intermediates were proposed based on the isoxazole-ring balance and the Beer–Lambert law. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) reduction was mainly attributed to the loss of benzene ring, N–S cleavage, and isoxazole ring opening during SMX degradation. The contributions of reactive species OH˙ and SO4˙− were determined based on quench tests. The acute toxicity of SMX to the rotifers was eliminated after the proposed treatment, demonstrating that the process was effective for SMX treatment and safe to the environment. For the first time, this study systematically revealed the potential, the mechanism and the risk of removing sulfamethoxazole by UV/Fe(II)/peroxymonosulfate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gong
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation
- College of Marine Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - He Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- ShengLi College
- China University of Petroleum
- Dongying
- China
| | - Airu Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation
- College of Marine Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jingjun Lin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation
- College of Marine Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Muting Yan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation
- College of Marine Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
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86
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Abazari R, Morsali A, Dubal DP. An advanced composite with ultrafast photocatalytic performance for the degradation of antibiotics by natural sunlight without oxidizing the source over TMU-5@Ni–Ti LDH: mechanistic insight and toxicity assessment. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are considered as emerging organic contaminants that have become a serious environmental problem, which endanger human health and environmental bio-diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abazari
- Department of Chemistry
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Deepak P. Dubal
- Centre for Materials Science
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics
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87
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Fu Y, Li S, Shi Y, Geng J, Li J, Wu G, Xu K, Ren H. Removal of artificial sweeteners using UV/persulfate: Radical-based degradation kinetic model in wastewater, pathways and toxicity. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 167:115102. [PMID: 31574346 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) have been frequently detected in aquatic environment and are of emerging concern due to their environmental persistence, acesulfame (ACE) and sucralose (SUC) are two ASs that are difficult to remove. The ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) advanced oxidation process has been proven to remove ASs in real wastewater effectively. In this study, radical-based degradation kinetic model, pathways and toxicity evaluation of ASs by UV/PS process were explored. ACE and SUC were effectively removed by UV/PS process, and UV photolysis, hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) and sulfate radicals (SO4∙-) contributes the degradation of ASs. A kinetic prediction model for ASs degradation was established based on the second-order rate constants with HO∙ and SO4∙-, and the steady state concentrations of HO∙ and SO4∙- were calculated through the degradations of two reference compounds. The kinetic model could predict the degradation process of ASs in five real wastewaters effluents. Furthermore, two models based on the kinetic and the water matrices parameters for ASs degradation in wastewater were compared. Finally, the tentative pathways of ASs degradations by UV/PS were proposed. Also, toxicity evaluation showed that ASs after UV/PS treatment enhanced the toxicity on C. carpio liver, and prolongation of treatment time and recovery in fresh water can reduce the toxicity on C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yufei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Juechun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
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88
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Wang Z, Sun P, Li Y, Meng T, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhang R, Jia H, Yao H. Reactive Nitrogen Species Mediated Degradation of Estrogenic Disrupting Chemicals by Biochar/Monochloramine in Buffered Water and Synthetic Hydrolyzed Urine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12688-12696. [PMID: 31625381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the severe endocrine-related health problems because of the discharge of estrogenic disrupting chemicals (EDCs) into the natural environment. In this study, we investigated the activation of monochloramine (NH2Cl) by biochar [pyrolyzed by cotton straw at 350 °C (Cot350), wheat straw at 350 and 700 °C (WS350 and WS700), and corn straw at 350 and 700 °C (CS350 and CS700)] for the degradation of estradiol (E2) and ethinylestradiol (EE2). Approximately 95% of parent E2 and EE2 was removed by Cot350/NH2Cl in buffered solution, and 87% of E2 and 75% of EE2 were removed in urine within 24 h. Electronic paramagnetic resonance analysis and radical-quenching experiments showed that biochar activated NH2Cl and primarily generated •NO radicals for the degradation of the EDCs. The nitrogen and silicon elements of Cot350 served as primary catalytic sites for NH2Cl activation, whereas the sp2-hybridized carbon on WS700 and CS700 played a major role. The effect of major urine components (i.e., ammonia species, chloride, and bicarbonate) on the reaction pathways of biochar/NH2Cl was also elucidated. This study provides new insights into the reaction pathways of NH2Cl activation by biochar and suggests potential applications for other carbonaceous materials for NH2Cl activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | | | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Resources and Environment , Northwest A& F University , Yangling 712100 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- School of Civil Engineering , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
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89
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Wachter N, Aquino JM, Denadai M, Barreiro JC, Silva AJ, Cass QB, Bocchi N, Rocha-Filho RC. Electrochemical degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in a flow reactor using distinct BDD anodes: Reaction kinetics, identification and toxicity of the degradation products. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:461-470. [PMID: 31228848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The performances of distinct BDD anodes (boron doping of 100, 500 and 2500 ppm, with sp3/sp2 carbon ratios of 215, 325, and 284, respectively) in the electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin - CIP (0.5 L of 50 mg L-1 in 0.10 M Na2SO4, at 25 °C) were comparatively assessed using a recirculating flow system with a filter-press reactor. Performance was assessed by monitoring the CIP and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, oxidation intermediates, and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli as a function of electrolysis time. CIP removal was strongly affected by the solution pH (kept fixed), flow conditions, and current density; similar trends were obtained independently of the BDD anode used, but the BDD100 anode yielded the best results. Enhanced mass transport was achieved at a low flow rate by promoting the solution turbulence within the reactor. The fastest complete CIP removal (within 20 min) was attained at j = 30 mA cm-2, pH = 10.0, and qV = 2.5 L min-1 + bypass turbulence promotion. TOC removal was practically accomplished only after 10 h of electrolysis, with quite similar performances by the distinct BDD anodes. Five initial oxidation intermediates were identified (263 ≤ m/z ≤ 348), whereas only two terminal oxidation intermediates were detected (oxamic and formic acids). The antimicrobial activity of the electrolyzed CIP solution was almost completely removed within 10 h of electrolysis. The characteristics of the BDD anodes only had a marked effect on the CIP removal rate (best performance by the least-doped anode), contrasting with other data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihara Wachter
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Mario Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Denadai
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Barreiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone 1100,Ed. Química Ambiental, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson José Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nerilso Bocchi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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90
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Majumder A, Gupta B, Gupta AK. Pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous environment: A status, toxicity and insights of remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108542. [PMID: 31387068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have pernicious effects on all kinds of life forms because of their toxicological effects and are found profoundly in various wastewater treatment plant influents, hospital effluents, and surface waters. The concentrations of different pharmaceuticals were found in alarmingly high concentrations in various parts of the globe, and it was also observed that the concentration of PhACs present in the water could be eventually related to the socio-economic conditions and climate of the region. Drinking water equivalent limit for each PhAC has been calculated and compared with the occurrence data from various continents. Since these compounds are recalcitrant towards conventional treatment methods, while advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown better efficiency in degrading these PhACs. The performance of the AOPs have been evaluated based on percentage removal, time, and electrical energy consumed to degrade different classes of PhACs. Ozone based AOPs were found to be favorable because of their low treatment time, low cost, and high efficiency. However, complete degradation cannot be achieved by these processes, and various transformation products are formed, which may be more toxic than the parent compounds. The various transformation products formed from various PhACs during treatment have been highlighted. Significant stress has been given on the role of various process parameters, water matrix, oxidizing radicals, and the mechanism of degradation. Presence of organic compounds, nitrate, and phosphate usually hinders the degradation process, while chlorine and sulfate showed a positive effect. The role of individual oxidizing radicals, interfering ions, and pH demonstrated dissimilar effects on different groups of PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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91
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Luo J, Liu T, Zhang D, Yin K, Wang D, Zhang W, Liu C, Yang C, Wei Y, Wang L, Luo S, Crittenden JC. The individual and Co-exposure degradation of benzophenone derivatives by UV/H 2O 2 and UV/PDS in different water matrices. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:102-110. [PMID: 31082641 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone derivatives, including benzophenone-1 (C13H10O3, BP1), benzophenone-3 (C14H12O3, BP3) and benzophenone-8 (C14H12O4, BP8), that used as UV filters are currently viewed as emerging contaminants. Degradation behaviors on co-exposure benzophenone derivatives using UV-driven advanced oxidation processes under different aqueous environments are still unknown. In this study, the degradation behavior of mixed benzophenone derivatives via UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS), in different water matrices (surface water, hydrolyzed urine and seawater) were systematically examined. In surface water, the attack of BP3 by hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) or carbonate radicals (CO3∙-) in UV/H2O2 can generate BP8, which was responsible for the relatively high degradation rate of BP3. Intermediates from BP3 and BP8 in UV/PDS were susceptible to CO3∙-, bringing inhibition of BP1 degradation. In hydrolyzed urine, Cl- was shown the negligible effect for benzophenone derivatives degradation due to low concentration of reactive chlorine species (RCS). Meanwhile, BP3 abatement was excessively inhibited during co-exposure pattern. In seawater, non-first-order kinetic behavior for BP3 and BP8 was found during UV/PDS treatment. Based on modeling, Br- was the sink for HO∙, and the co-existence of Br- and Cl- was the sink for SO4∙-. The cost-effective treatment toward target compounds removal in different water matrices was further evaluated using EE/O. In most cases, UV/H2O2 process is more economically competitive than UV/PDS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Luo
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Tongcai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Danyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Weiqiu Zhang
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Longlu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
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92
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Liang J, Ning XA, Song J, Lu X, Sun J, Zhang Y. Treatment of 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine in sludge by advance oxidation process: Degradation products and toxicity evaluation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:102-109. [PMID: 30849594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the oxidation products of organic pollutants and their toxicity in textile dyeing sludge after the sludge was treated by the advance oxidation processes were limited, since textile dyeing sludge was a complicated mixture. For the first time, simulated sludge was used to study the degradation mechanism of 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (DMB) during the combined ultrasound-Mn(VII) treatment. The toxicity of DMB and its products was also evaluated. The results indicated that the compositions and microstructures of polyaluminium chloride (PAC)- and polyferric sulphate (PFS)-based simulated sludge were similar to those of real textile dyeing sludge. The optimum conditions of ultrasound-Mn(VII) treatment were: a KMnO4 dosage of 40 μM, an ultrasound power density of 0.36 W cm-3, and a reaction time of 20 min. 98.24% of DMB and 63.04% of total organic carbon (TOC) in the simulated sludge were removed. Six products, that is, 2-nitroanisole, 3-methoxy-4-nitrophenol, vanillylmandelic acid, vanillyl alcohol, m-anisic acid, and benzoic acid, were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS-MS. It was noted that all of these identified products were also detected in the real textile dyeing sludge after the ultrasound-Mn(VII) treatment. All of them were less toxic than DMB. Moreover, 53.30% and 54.80% of toxicity toward the alga Desmodesmus subspicatus and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri were removed in simulated sludge, respectively. Therefore, simulated sludge was helpful for studying a pollutant's degradation mechanism in the complex sludge mixtures. The results would also provide some useful suggestions for the sludge disposal after the sludge was treated by the advance oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xun-An Ning
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jian Song
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingwen Lu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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93
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Luo C, Feng M, Sharma VK, Huang CH. Oxidation of Pharmaceuticals by Ferrate(VI) in Hydrolyzed Urine: Effects of Major Inorganic Constituents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5272-5281. [PMID: 30933490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of pharmaceuticals excreted in urine can be an efficient approach to eliminate these environmental pollutants. However, urine contains high concentrations of chloride, ammonium, and bicarbonate, which may hinder treatment processes. This study evaluated the application of ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42-, Fe(VI)) to oxidize pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine (CBZ), naproxen (NAP), trimethoprim (TMP), and sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs)) in synthetic hydrolyzed human urine and uncovered new effects from urine's major inorganic constituents. Chloride slightly decreased pharmaceuticals' removal rate by Fe(VI) due to the ionic strength effect. Ammonium (0.5 M) in undiluted hydrolyzed urine posed a strong scavenging effect, but lower concentrations (≤0.25 M) of ammonium enhanced the pharmaceuticals' degradation by 300 μM Fe(VI), likely due to the reactive ammonium complex form of Fe(V)/Fe(IV). For the first time, bicarbonate was found to significantly promote the oxidation of aniline-containing SAs by Fe(VI) and alter the reaction stoichiometry of Fe(VI) and SA from 4:1 to 3:1. In depth investigation indicated that bicarbonate not only changed the Fe(VI)/SA complexation ratio from 1:2 to 1:1 but provided a stabilizing effect for Fe(V) intermediate formed in situ, enabling its degradation of SAs. Overall, the results of this study suggested that Fe(VI) is a promising oxidant for the removal of pharmaceuticals in hydrolyzed urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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94
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Yu J, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Chen T, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Yin D. Efficient removal of several estrogens in water by Fe-hydrochar composite and related interactive effect mechanism of H 2O 2 and iron with persistent free radicals from hydrochar of pinewood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:1013-1022. [PMID: 30677966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, hydrochar (HC) with existed persistent free radicals (PFRs) has attracted researches' attention for the potential application in heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions, but studies on the interactive effects of H2O2, iron, and HC in removal of organic pollutants are still limited. In this paper, magnetic iron (hydr)oxides immobilized hydrochar composite (Fe/HC) derived from hydrothermal carbon (HTC) of pinewood were synthesized and characterized. The interactive effects of H2O2, iron, and HC in the removal of several estrogens were systematically investigated to understand the removal performance and related mechanism, especially at a pH range close to natural water environment. Batch experiments results showed that estrogens could be efficiently removed over Fe/HC material under a wide pH range of 4-9. Based on the analysis of electron spin resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, mechanism study indicated that the carbon-centered PFRs on the surface of hydrochar can act as electron donors, and transfer the electrons on adsorbed O2 to generate O2- rapidly, while the addition of H2O2 enhanced the transmission ability of electron to produce OH(ads) on the material surface. The iron and hydrochar components contributed to the desirable removal of estrogens via the synergistic effect between catalysis and adsorption. This study provides a promising application for the use of Fe/HC materials on remediation of pollution with trace estrogens in water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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95
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Lee MY, Wang WL, Xu ZB, Ye B, Wu QY, Hu HY. The application of UV/PS oxidation for removal of a quaternary ammonium compound of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC): The kinetics and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1261-1269. [PMID: 30577118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) that is a widespread contaminant in environmental media and therefore of increasing concern. The synergistic effect with UV irradiation and persulfate (UV/PS) was used to degrade DTAC. The removal of DTAC was 91% with the PS dosage of 75.6 μM (UV/PS) and UV fluence of 870 mJ·cm-2. The second-order rate constants of DTAC with HO and SO4- were determined to be kHO, DTAC (4.2 ± 0.18) × 109 M-1 s-1 and kSO4∙-, DTAC (2.5 ± 0.27) × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. The contributions of HO and SO4- to DTAC degradation in the UV/PS were found to be 30% and 62% at pH 7, respectively. The contributions of SO4- and HO were not significantly influenced by acidic medium (pH 3-pH 7), whereas they were significantly affected by basic medium (pH 7-pH 11). The wastewater matrixes of HCO3-, Cl- and humic acid inhibited the DTAC elimination, whereas NO3- and SO42- had no significant impact on its elimination. Moreover, the kobs,DTAC in the reverse osmosis influent (ROI) and reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) were examined to be 0.04 to 0.1 min-1 and 0.02 to 0.05 min-1, respectively, as the PS dosage increased from 18.9 to 113.4 μM. The inhibitive effects of matrix in ROI and ROC was 70% and 81%, respectively. The contribution of radical scavenging effect by matrix ROI and ROC was more significant to DTAC degradation than UV scattering effect in ROI and ROC matrices. A UV fluence of 1305 mJ·cm-2 was necessitated for complete detoxification and DTAC solution by UV/PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yong Lee
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, GuRangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zi-Bin Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Bei Ye
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, GuRangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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96
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Understanding the adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics on MIL-53s: Metal dependence of breathing effect and adsorptive performance in aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 535:159-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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97
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Liu T, Yin K, Liu C, Luo J, Crittenden J, Zhang W, Luo S, He Q, Deng Y, Liu H, Zhang D. The role of reactive oxygen species and carbonate radical in oxcarbazepine degradation via UV, UV/H 2O 2: Kinetics, mechanisms and toxicity evaluation. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:204-213. [PMID: 30312793 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is ubiquitous in the aqueous environment. And due to its ecotoxicological effects and potential risks to human, an effective way to eliminate OXC from aqueous environment has aroused public concerns in recent years. Radical-based reactions have been shown to be an efficient way for OXC destruction, but the reactions of OXC with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbonate radical (CO3•-) are still unclear. In this study, we focused the degradation of OXC and ROS, CO3•- generation mechanism, and their roles in OXC degradation via UV and UV/H2O2. The triplet state of oxcarbazepine (3OXC∗) was found to play an important role in OXC degradation via UV. And hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were found to be the dominant ROS in OXC degradation. Superoxide radical (O2•-) did not react with OXC directly, but it may react with intermediate byproducts. Generation of CO3•- played a positive role on OXC degradation for both UV and UV/H2O2. In addition to •OH, 3OXC* also contribute to CO3•- production. The second-order rate constants of OXC with •OH and CO3•- were 1.7 × 1010 M-1 s-1 and 8.6 × 107 M-1 s-1, respectively. Potential OXC degradation mechanisms by •OH were proposed and included hydroxylation, α-ketol rearrangement, and benzylic acid rearrangement. Compared with non-selective •OH, the reactions involving CO3•- are mainly electron transfer and hydrogen abstraction. And the acute toxicity of OXC was lower after UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/HCO3- treatments, which was confirmed by luminescent bacterial assay (Vibrio fischeri bacterium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jinming Luo
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States.
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| | - Weiqiu Zhang
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hongkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Qunying He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yongxiu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Danyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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98
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Sun P, Li Y, Meng T, Zhang R, Song M, Ren J. Removal of sulfonamide antibiotics and human metabolite by biochar and biochar/H 2O 2 in synthetic urine. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:91-100. [PMID: 30300785 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Source-separated urine has been increasingly regarded as a promising alternative waste-stream for effectively removing pharmaceuticals and human metabolites. This study investigated the removal of sulfonamide antibiotics, one category among the most frequently detected antibiotics in the environment, by biochar and biochar/H2O2 in synthetic urine matrix. The adsorption and degradation of four parent sulfonamide antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, and one human metabolite, N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (together referred as SAs) were investigated. Biochar derived from cotton straw was applied as adsorbent for SAs and catalyst for H2O2. Results showed that the adsorption of SAs was inhibited in urine compared with that in phosphate buffer solution. Bicarbonate in urine placed major influence. Langmuir isotherm model well described the adsorption process in both buffer and urine matrices. Adsorption and desorption rates were estimated by a kinetic model, which well fitted the removal of SAs from aqueous phase at various biochar doses. The adsorption of SAs on biochar was due to multiple forces, in which van der Waals forces and hydrophobicity played major roles in distinguishing the sorption behavior of different SAs. To destruct the SAs, H2O2 was added with biochar. Except for N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole, all the parent SAs can be degraded in urine matrix. Carbonate radical, produced from the activation of peroxymonocarbonate by biochar, was proposed to be the major contributing reactive species in biochar/H2O2 system in urine matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yaxiu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tan Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruochun Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Min Song
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Environmental Sciences, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road No.66, Shenyang, 110036, China
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99
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Ao X, Liu W, Sun W, Yang C, Lu Z, Li C. Mechanisms and toxicity evaluation of the degradation of sulfamethoxazole by MPUV/PMS process. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:365-375. [PMID: 30149309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a sulfate radical (SO4-)-based advanced oxidation process was applied to the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). In these experiments, a medium pressure UV (MPUV) lamp was employed to active peroxymonosulfate (PMS). It was found that 98% of SMX was removed by MPUV/PMS at a UV dose of 200 mJ cm-2 (3.95 μM SMX, 0.2 mM PMS, pH0 = 3.7). Direct MPUV photolysis played a remarkable role in SMX removal by MPUV/PMS process. As for the indirect photolysis, SO4- was the major reactive species under acidic and neutral conditions in MPUV/PMS system, while the hydroxyl radical (OH) became the predominant radical under alkaline conditions. The transformation products (TPs) of SMX that formed in the MPUV-only and MPUV/PMS experiments were identified, and the possible degradation pathways were proposed. Photoisomerization of the isoxazole ring was the major pathway of SMX during MPUV-only process. Hydroxylation/oxidation of the aniline and isoxazole ring was the predominant degradation mechanism of SMX by MPUV/PMS. Toxicity evaluation showed that MPUV/PMS was effective at reducing the antibacterial activity of SMX solutions, while MPUV-only was not. However, some TPs with equivalent or even higher antibacterial activity than SMX were formed during the initial degradation period in MPUV/PMS system. Ecotoxicity of SMX and its TPs was also hypothetically predicted via the ECOSAR program, and the results indicated that some TPs could be more toxic than SMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Ao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zedong Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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100
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Yin K, He Q, Liu C, Deng Y, Wei Y, Chen S, Liu T, Luo S. Prednisolone degradation by UV/chlorine process: Influence factors, transformation products and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:56-66. [PMID: 30138856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prednisolone (PDNN) as an emergent micropollutant directly influences the regional ecological security. In this study, the degradation of PDNN by ultraviolet activated chlorine (UV/chlorine) oxidation process was comprehensively evaluated. The quenching experiment suggested that the PDNN degradation in UV/chlorine process was involved in the participation of hydroxyl radical (OH) and reactive chlorine species (RCS). Influence factors including chlorine dosage, pH, common anion and cation, fulvic acid (FA) on PDNN degradation via UV/chlorine process were investigated. A low chlorine (≤7.1 mg L-1) promoted the PDNN degradation, while a high chlorine dosage (>7.1 mg L-1) was adverse. The pH (4.0-10.0) showed negligible effect, while the investigated anions (Cl-, Br-, HCO3- and SO42-), NH4+ and FA exerted negative impact on PDNN degradation. An efficient process to minimize pharmaceutical micropollutants was the disposal of human urine containing a high concentration of pharmaceutical and potential toxic metabolites. An inhibitory effect was observed in the synthetic urine (fresh urine and hydrolyzed urine). The intermediates/products were identified and the mechanism of PDNN degradation was proposed. PDNN gone through three degradation routes, involving the direct addition of α, β-unsaturated ketone at C1 or C5, the photolysis of C17 and H-abstraction of C11. The main reactive sites were further determined by comparison of the frontier orbitals calculation and the proposed mechanism. Based on the toxicological tests for PDNN degradation, TP396 (TP396-C1Cl and TP396-C5Cl) and TP414-2-1 (TP414-C1ClC5OH) exhibited much higher toxicity than PDNN, and prolonging reaction time was necessary to achieve PDNN detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qunying He
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yongxiu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tongcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
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