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Ornelas-Hernández LF, Garduno-Robles A, Zepeda-Moreno A. A Brief Review of Carbon Dots-Silica Nanoparticles Synthesis and their Potential Use as Biosensing and Theragnostic Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:56. [PMID: 35661270 PMCID: PMC9167377 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm and have attracted attention due to their relatively low toxicity, great biocompatibility, water solubility, facile synthesis, and exceptional photoluminescence properties. Accordingly, CDs have been widely exploited in different sensing and biomedical applications, for example, metal sensing, catalysis, biosensing, bioimaging, drug and gene delivery, and theragnostic applications. Similarly, the well-known properties of silica, such as facile surface functionalization, good biocompatibility, high surface area, and tunable pore volume, have allowed the loading of diverse inorganic and organic moieties and nanoparticles, creating complex hybrid nanostructures that exploit distinct properties (optical, magnetic, metallic, mesoporous, etc.) for sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, diagnosis, and gene and drug delivery. In this context, CDs have been successfully grafted into diverse silica nanostructures through various synthesis methods (e.g., solgel chemistry, inverse microemulsion, surfactant templating, and molecular imprinting technology (MIT)), imparting hybrid nanostructures with multimodal properties for distinct objectives. This review discusses the recently employed synthesis methods for CDs and silica nanoparticles and their typical applications. Then, we focus on combined synthesis techniques of CD-silica nanostructures and their promising biosensing operations. Finally, we overview the most recent potential applications of these materials as innovative smart hybrid nanocarriers and theragnostic agents for the nanomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Ornelas-Hernández
- Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Angeles Garduno-Robles
- Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Abraham Zepeda-Moreno
- Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Investigación Y Diagnóstico SA de CV, Hospital San Javier, Pablo Casals 640, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
- Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Dutra LV, de Oliveira Fontoura CR, da Cruz JC, Nascimento MA, de Oliveira AF, Lopes RP. Green Synthesis Optimization of Graphene Quantum Dots by Dohelert Design For Dye Photodegradation Application. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nazarkovsky M, Mikhraliieva A, Achete CA, Alves LA, Araujo J, Archanjo BS, de Barros JJF, Cardoso LMDF, Couceiro JNSS, Marques FD, Oliveira BS, de Souza RND, Teixeira AJ, Vasconcelos TL, Zaitsev V. Rational design of large flat nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots with green-luminescence suitable for biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14342-14355. [PMID: 35702221 PMCID: PMC9096629 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational synthesis and simple methodology for the purification of large (35-45 nm in lateral size) and flat (1.0-1.5 nm of height) nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are presented. The methodology allows robust metal-free and acid-free preparation of N-GOQDs with a yield of about 100% and includes hydrothermal treatment of graphene oxide with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. It was demonstrated that macroscopic impurities can be separated from N-GOQD suspension by their coagulation with 0.9% NaCl solution. Redispersible in water and saline solutions, particles of N-GOQDs were characterized using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), photoluminescent, XPS, and UV-VIS spectroscopies. The size and morphology of N-GOQDs were studied by dynamic light scattering, AFM, SEM, and TEM. The procedure proposed allows nitrogen-doped GOQDs to be obtained, having 60-51% of carbon, 34-45% of oxygen, and up to 7.2% of nitrogen. The N-GOQD particles obtained in two hours of synthesis contain only pyrrolic defects of the graphene core. The fraction of pyridine moieties grows with the time of synthesis, while the fraction of quaternary nitrogen declines. Application of TERS allows demonstration that the N-GOQDs consist of a graphene core with an average crystallite size of 9 nm and an average distance between nearest defects smaller than 3 nm. The cytotoxicity tests reveal high viability of the monkey epithelial kidney cells Vero in the presence of N-GOQDs in a concentration below 60 mg L-1. The N-GOQDs demonstrate green luminescence with an emission maximum at 505 nm and sedimentation stability in the cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nazarkovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Marques de Sao Vicente, 225 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Albina Mikhraliieva
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Marques de Sao Vicente, 225 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Carlos A Achete
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation 4365 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Joyce Araujo
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Bráulio S Archanjo
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | | | - Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation 4365 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro 21045-900 Brazil
| | - José Nelson S S Couceiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Davi Marques
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Bruno S Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Rafael Nascimento Dias de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Ayla Josma Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation 4365 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Thiago L Vasconcelos
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Inmetro Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém Duque de Caxias 25250-020 Brazil
| | - Vladimir Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Marques de Sao Vicente, 225 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy 2 Skovorody Vul. Kyiv 04070 Ukraine
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Delgado-Martín J, Delgado-Olidén A, Velasco L. Carbon Dots Boost dsRNA Delivery in Plants and Increase Local and Systemic siRNA Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105338. [PMID: 35628147 PMCID: PMC9141514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we obtained carbon dots from glucose or saccharose as the nucleation source and passivated them with branched polyethylenimines for developing dsRNA nanocomposites. The CDs were fully characterized using hydrodynamic analyses, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ζ potential determined that the CDs had positive charges, good electrophoretic mobility and conductivity, and were suitable for obtaining dsRNA nanocomposites. DsRNA naked or coated with the CDs were delivered to leaves of cucumber plants by spraying. Quantitation of the dsRNA that entered the leaves showed that when coated with the CDs, 50-fold more dsRNA was detected than when naked dsRNA. Moreover, specific siRNAs derived from the sprayed dsRNAs were 13 times more abundant when the dsRNA was coated with the CDs. Systemic dsRNAs were determined in distal leaves and showed a dramatic increase in concentration when delivered as a nanocomposite. Similarly, systemic siRNAs were significantly more abundant in distal leaves when spraying with the CD-dsRNA nanocomposite. Furthermore, FITC-labeled dsRNA was shown to accumulate in the apoplast and increase its entry into the plant when coated with CDs. These results indicate that CDs obtained by hydrothermal synthesis are suitable for dsRNA foliar delivery in RNAi plant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josemaría Delgado-Martín
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
- Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejo Delgado-Olidén
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Leonardo Velasco
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
- Correspondence:
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Pramanik A, Patibandla S, Gao Y, Corby LR, Rhaman MM, Sinha SS, Ray PC. Bio-Conjugated Magnetic-Fluorescence Nanoarchitectures for the Capture and Identification of Lung-Tumor-Derived Programmed Cell Death Lighand 1-Positive Exosomes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16035-16042. [PMID: 35571808 PMCID: PMC9096927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As per the American Cancer Society, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Since the accumulation of exosomal programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with therapeutic resistance in programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-L1 immunotherapy, tracking PD-L1-positive (PD-L1 (+)) exosomes is very important for predicting anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapy for lung cancer. Herein, we report the design of an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody-conjugated magnetic-nanoparticle-attached yellow fluorescent carbon dot (YFCD) based magnetic-fluorescence nanoarchitecture for the selective separation and accurate identification of PD-L1-expressing exosomes. In this work, photostable YFCDs with a good photoluminescence quantum yield (23%) were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. In addition, nanoarchitectures with superparamagnetic (28.6 emu/g), biocompatible, and selective bioimaging capabilities were developed by chemically conjugating the anti-PD-L1 antibody and YFCDs with iron oxide nanoparticles. Importantly, using human non-small-cell lung cancer H460 cells lines, which express a high amount of PD-L1 (+) exosomes, A549 lung cancer cells lines, which express a low amount of PD-L1 (+) exosomes, and the normal skin HaCaT cell line, which does not express any PD-L1 (+) exosomes, we demonstrate that nanoarchitectures are capable of effectively separating and tracking PD-L1-positive exosomes simultaneously. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept of clinical setting applications, a whole blood sample infected with PD-L1 (+) exosomes was analyzed, and our finding shows that this nanoarchitecture holds great promise for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Shamily Patibandla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Lauren R. Corby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Md Mhahabubur Rhaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Sudarson Sekhar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Paresh Chandra Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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56
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Gold nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped carbon dots based fluorescent nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of thiram in hawthorn. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Malavika JP, Shobana C, Sundarraj S, Ganeshbabu M, Kumar P, Selvan RK. Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon quantum dots: An approach in cancer theranostics. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212756. [PMID: 35929302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained significant growing attention in the recent past due to their peculiar characteristics including smaller size, high surface area, photoluminescence, chemical stability, facile synthesis and functionalization possibilities. They are carbon nanostructures having less than 10 nm size with fluorescent properties. In recent years, the scientific community is curiously adopting biomass precursors for the preparation of CQDs over the chemical compounds. These biomass sources are sustainable, eco-friendly, inexpensive, widely available and convert waste into valuable materials. Hence in our work the fundamental understating of diverse fabrication methodologies of CQDs, and the types of raw materials employed in recent times, are all examined and correlated comprehensively. Their unique combination of remarkable properties, together with the ease with which they can be fabricated, makes CQDs as promising materials for applications in diverse biomedical fields, in particular for bio-imaging, targeted drug delivery and phototherapy for cancer treatment. The mechanism for luminescence is of considerable significance for leading the synthesis of CQDs with tunable fluorescence emission. Therefore, it is aimed to explore and provide an updated review on (i) the recent progress on the different synthesis methods of biomass-derived CQDs, (ii) the contribution of surface states or functional groups on the luminescence origin and (iii) its potential application for cancer theranostics, concentrating on their fluorescence properties. Finally, we explored the challenges in modification for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass derivatives and the future scope of CQDs in phototherapy for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaja Prasad Malavika
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj
- Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi - 626 124, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mariappan Ganeshbabu
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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58
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Wu X, Abbas K, Yang Y, Li Z, Tedesco AC, Bi H. Photodynamic Anti-Bacteria by Carbon Dots and Their Nano-Composites. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040487. [PMID: 35455484 PMCID: PMC9032997 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse of many types of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to increased antimicrobial resistance. As a result, the development of a novel antibacterial agent is essential. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is becoming more popular due to its advantages in eliminating drug-resistant strains and providing broad-spectrum antibacterial resistance. Carbon dots (CDs), zero-dimensional nanomaterials with diameters smaller than 10 nm, offer a green and cost-effective alternative to PACT photosensitizers. This article reviewed the synthesis methods of antibacterial CDs as well as the recent progress of CDs and their nanocomposites in photodynamic sterilization, focusing on maximizing the bactericidal impact of CDs photosensitizers. This review establishes the base for future CDs development in the PACT field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Khurram Abbas
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-551-63861279
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Rawat P, Nain P, Sharma S, Sharma PK, Malik V, Majumder S, Verma VP, Rawat V, Rhyee JS. An Overview of Synthetic Methods and Applications of Photoluminescent Properties of Carbon Quantum Dots. LUMINESCENCE 2022. [PMID: 35419945 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are promising carbonaceous nanomaterials fortuitously discovered in 2004. CQDs are the rising stars in the nanotechnology ensemble because of their unique properties and widespread applications in sensing, imaging, medicine, catalysis, and optoelectronics. CQDs are notable for their excellent solubility and effective luminescence, and as a result, they are also known as carbon nanolights. Many strategies are used for the efficient and economical preparation of CQDs; however, CQDs prepared from waste or green sustainable methods have greater requirements due to their safety and ease of synthesis. Sustainable chemical strategies for CQDs have been developed, emphasizing green synthetic methodologies based on "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches. This review summarizes many such studies relevant to the development of sustainable methods for photoluminescent CQDs. Furthermore, we have emphasized recent advances in CQDs' photoluminescent applications in chemical and biological fields. Finally, a brief overview of synthetic processes utilizing the green source and their associated applications are tabulated, providing a clear understanding of the new optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rawat
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India.,Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hyee University, Yong-in, Republic of Korea
| | - Parul Nain
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Shaveta Sharma
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Parshant Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, S.D. College of Engineering & Technology, Muzaffarnagar, U.P, India
| | - Vidhu Malik
- Department of Chemistry, DCRUST Murthal, Sonipat
| | - Sudip Majumder
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali , Banasthali Newai University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India.,School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jong Soo Rhyee
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hyee University, Yong-in, Republic of Korea
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60
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Zhang W, Zhong H, Zhao P, Shen A, Li H, Liu X. Carbon quantum dot fluorescent probes for food safety detection: Progress, opportunities and challenges. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kaschuk JJ, Al Haj Y, Rojas OJ, Miettunen K, Abitbol T, Vapaavuori J. Plant-Based Structures as an Opportunity to Engineer Optical Functions in Next-Generation Light Management. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104473. [PMID: 34699648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the reconstruction of structural plant components (cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses) into materials displaying advanced optical properties. The strategies to isolate the main building blocks are discussed, and the effects of fibrillation, fibril alignment, densification, self-assembly, surface-patterning, and compositing are presented considering their role in engineering optical performance. Then, key elements that enable lignocellulosic to be translated into materials that present optical functionality, such as transparency, haze, reflectance, UV-blocking, luminescence, and structural colors, are described. Mapping the optical landscape that is accessible from lignocellulosics is shown as an essential step toward their utilization in smart devices. Advanced materials built from sustainable resources, including those obtained from industrial or agricultural side streams, demonstrate enormous promise in optoelectronics due to their potentially lower cost, while meeting or even exceeding current demands in performance. The requirements are summarized for the production and application of plant-based optically functional materials in different smart material applications and the review is concluded with a perspective about this active field of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Jaqueline Kaschuk
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, 00076, Finland
| | - Yazan Al Haj
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, 00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kati Miettunen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, SE-114 28, Sweden
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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Ðorđević L, Arcudi F, Cacioppo M, Prato M. A multifunctional chemical toolbox to engineer carbon dots for biomedical and energy applications. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:112-130. [PMID: 35173327 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles, or carbon dots, are an emerging class of materials that has recently attracted considerable attention for biomedical and energy applications. They are defined by characteristic sizes of <10 nm, a carbon-based core and the possibility to add various functional groups at their surface for targeted applications. These nanomaterials possess many interesting physicochemical and optical properties, which include tunable light emission, dispersibility and low toxicity. In this Review, we categorize how chemical tools impact the properties of carbon dots. We look for pre- and postsynthetic approaches for the preparation of carbon dots and their derivatives or composites. We then showcase examples to correlate structure, composition and function and use them to discuss the future development of this class of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Ðorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Francesca Arcudi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Michele Cacioppo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain.
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63
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Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) and Enzymes: From Nanozymes to CNM-Enzyme Conjugates and Biodegradation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031037. [PMID: 35160982 PMCID: PMC8838330 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and enzymes differ significantly in terms of their physico-chemical properties—their handling and characterization require very different specialized skills. Therefore, their combination is not trivial. Numerous studies exist at the interface between these two components—especially in the area of sensing—but also involving biofuel cells, biocatalysis, and even biomedical applications including innovative therapeutic approaches and theranostics. Finally, enzymes that are capable of biodegrading CNMs have been identified, and they may play an important role in controlling the environmental fate of these structures after their use. CNMs’ widespread use has created more and more opportunities for their entry into the environment, and thus it becomes increasingly important to understand how to biodegrade them. In this concise review, we will cover the progress made in the last five years on this exciting topic, focusing on the applications, and concluding with future perspectives on research combining carbon nanomaterials and enzymes.
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64
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Wu J, Chen G, Jia Y, Ji C, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Leblanc RM, Peng Z. Carbon dot composites for bioapplications: a review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:843-869. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the synthesis of carbon dot composites and their applications in biomedical fields (bioimaging, drug delivery and biosensing) have been carefully summarized. The current challenges and future trends of CD composites in this field have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinnong Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Ji
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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65
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Huang C, Feng M, Zhu X, Zhou Q, Zeng S, Huang Y, Zhang H. Polymer Precursor Strategy Toward the Precise Synthesis of Uniform Hairy Carbon Dots with Tunable Sizes and Size Effects over Their Fluorescence. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chushu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Meiran Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xueer Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qinyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shanshan Zeng
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yifu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Jieyang, Guangdong Province 522000, China
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66
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Moradi M, Molaei R, Kousheh SA, T Guimarães J, McClements DJ. Carbon dots synthesized from microorganisms and food by-products: active and smart food packaging applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1943-1959. [PMID: 34898337 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2015283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly becoming a commercial reality for application in food packaging. In particular, the incorporation of nanoparticles into packaging materials is being used to increase the shelf life and safety of foods. Carbon dots (C-dots) have a diverse range of potential applications in food packaging. They can be synthesized from environmentally friendly sources such as microorganisms, food by-products, and waste streams, or they may be generated in foods during normal processing operations, such as cooking. These processes often produce nitrogen- and sulfur-rich heteroatom-doped C-dots, which are beneficial for certain applications. The incorporation of C-dots into food packaging materials can improve their mechanical, barrier, and preservative properties. Indeed, C-dots have been used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, photoluminescent, and UV-light blocker additives in food packaging materials to reduce the chemical deterioration and inhibit the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in foods. This article reviews recent progress on the synthesis of C-dots from microorganisms and food by-products of animal origin. It then highlights their potential application for the development of active and intelligent food packaging materials. Finally, a discussion of current challenges and future trends is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rahim Molaei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alaleh Kousheh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang G, Ren H, Chen Q, Zhou M, Xie F, Yan M, Wang Q, Bi H. Eco‐friendly
PCL
@
CDs
biomaterials via phytic acid,
CDs
‐cocatalyzed polymerization for rifapentin delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Huifang Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Qiuyang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Mingchen Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Fei Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Manqing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Hong Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
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68
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Lv A, Chen Q, Zhao C, Li S, Sun S, Dong J, Li Z, Lin H. Long-wavelength (red to near-infrared) emissive carbon dots: Key factors for synthesis, fluorescence mechanism, and applications in biosensing and cancer theranostics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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69
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Asefa T, Tang C, Ramírez-Hernández M. Nanostructured Carbon Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007136. [PMID: 33856111 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing energy demand worldwide has led to increased use of fossil fuels. This, in turn, is making fossil fuels dwindle faster and cause more negative environmental impacts. Thus, alternative, environmentally friendly energy sources such as fuel cells and electrolyzers are being developed. While significant progress has already been made in this area, such energy systems are still hard to scale up because of their noble metal catalysts. In this concept paper, first, various scalable nanocarbon-based electrocatalysts that are being synthesized for energy conversions in these energy systems are introduced. Next, notable heteroatom-doping and nanostructuring strategies that are applied to produce different nanostructured carbon materials with high electrocatalytic activities for energy conversions are discussed. The concepts used to develop such materials with different structures and large density of dopant-based catalytic functional groups in a sustainable way, and the challenges therein, are emphasized in the discussions. The discussions also include the importance of various analytical, theoretical, and computational methods to probe the relationships between the compositions, structures, dopants, and active catalytic sites in such materials. These studies, coupled with experimental studies, can further guide innovative synthetic routes to efficient nanostructured carbon electrocatalysts for practical, large-scale energy conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Asefa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Chaoyun Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Maricely Ramírez-Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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70
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Herperger KR, Krumland J, Cocchi C. Laser-Induced Electronic and Vibronic Dynamics in the Pyrene Molecule and Its Cation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9619-9631. [PMID: 34714646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene is widely used as an optical probe thanks to its peculiar ultraviolet absorption and infrared emission features. Interestingly, this molecule is also an abundant component of the interstellar medium, where it is detected via its unique spectral fingerprints. In this work, we present a comprehensive first-principles study on the electronic and vibrational response of pyrene and its cation to ultrafast, coherent pulses in resonance with their optically active excitations in the ultraviolet region. The analysis of molecular symmetries, electronic structure, and linear optical spectra is used to interpret transient absorption spectra and kinetic energy spectral densities computed for the systems excited by ultrashort laser fields. By disentangling the effects of the electronic and vibrational dynamics via ad hoc simulations with stationary and moving ions, and, in specific cases, with the aid of auxiliary model systems, we rationalize that the nuclear motion is mainly harmonic in the neutral species, while strong anharmonic oscillations emerge in the cation, driven by electronic coherence. Our results provide additional insights into the ultrafast vibronic dynamics of pyrene and related compounds and set the stage for future investigations on more complex carbon-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Herperger
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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71
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Yang L, Wei F, Liu JM, Wang S. Functional Hybrid Micro/Nanoentities Promote Agro-Food Safety Inspection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12402-12417. [PMID: 34662114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanomaterials has provided a good theoretical basis and technical support to solve the problems of food safety inspection. The combination of functionalized composite nanomaterials and well-known detection methods is gradually applied to detect hazardous substances, such as chemical residues and toxins, in agricultural food products. This review concentrates on the latest agro-food safety inspection techniques and methodologies constructed with the assistance of new hybrid micro/nanoentities, such as molecular imprinting polymers integrated with quantum dots (MIPs@QDs), molecular imprinting polymers integrated with upconversion luminescent nanoparticles (MIPs@UCNPs), upconversion luminescent nanoparticles combined with metal-organic frameworks (UCNPs@MOFs), magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs@Fe3O4), magnetic covalent-organic frameworks (Fe3O4@COFs), covalent-organic frameworks doped with quantum dots (COFs@QDs), nanobody-involved immunoassay for fast inspection, etc. The presented summary and discussion favor a relevant outlook for further integrating various disciplines, like material science, nanotechnology, and analytical methodology, for addressing new challenges that emerge in agro-food research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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72
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Li D, Ushakova EV, Rogach AL, Qu S. Optical Properties of Carbon Dots in the Deep-Red to Near-Infrared Region Are Attractive for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102325. [PMID: 34365728 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) represent a recently emerged class of luminescent materials with a great potential for biomedical theranostics, and there are a lot of efforts to shift their absorption and emission toward deep-red (DR) to near-infrared (NIR) region falling in the biological transparency window. This review offers comprehensive insights into the synthesis strategies aimed to achieve this goal, and the current approaches of modulating the optical properties of CDs over the DR to NIR region. The underlying mechanisms of their absorption, photoluminescence, and chemiluminescence, as well as the related photophysical processes of photothermal conversion and formation of reactive oxygen species are considered. The already available biomedical applications of CDs, such as in the photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and their use as bioimaging agents and drug carriers are then shortly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Elena V Ushakova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Songnan Qu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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73
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Mansuriya BD, Altintas Z. Carbon Dots: Classification, Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Health Care-An Updated Review (2018-2021). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2525. [PMID: 34684966 PMCID: PMC8541690 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are usually smaller than 10 nm in size, and are meticulously formulated and recently introduced nanomaterials, among the other types of carbon-based nanomaterials. They have gained significant attention and an incredible interest in the field of nanotechnology and biomedical science, which is merely due to their considerable and exclusive attributes; including their enhanced electron transferability, photobleaching and photo-blinking effects, high photoluminescent quantum yield, fluorescence property, resistance to photo-decomposition, increased electrocatalytic activity, good aqueous solubility, excellent biocompatibility, long-term chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, negligible toxicity, and acquaintance of large effective surface area-to-volume ratio. CDs can be readily functionalized owing to the abundant functional groups on their surfaces, and they also exhibit remarkable sensing features such as specific, selective, and multiplex detectability. In addition, the physico-chemical characteristics of CDs can be easily tunable based on their intended usage or application. In this comprehensive review article, we mainly discuss the classification of CDs, their ideal properties, their general synthesis approaches, and primary characterization techniques. More importantly, we update the readers about the recent trends of CDs in health care applications (viz., their substantial and prominent role in the area of electrochemical and optical biosensing, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, as well as in photodynamic/photothermal therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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74
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Quantum and carbon dots conjugated molecularly imprinted polymers as advanced nanomaterials for selective recognition of analytes in environmental, food and biomedical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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75
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Jafari SM, Masoum S, Tafreshi SAH. A microlagal-based carbonaceous sensor for enzymatic determination of glucose in blood serum. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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76
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Nayak S, Das P. Covalent Conjugation of Carbon Dots with Plasmid and DNA Condensation Thereafter: Realistic Insights into the Condensate Morphology, Energetics, and Photophysics. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21425-21435. [PMID: 34471745 PMCID: PMC8387987 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of carbon quantum dots (CDs) as trackable nanocarriers for plasmid and gene as hybrid DNA condensates has gained momentum, as evident from the significant recent research efforts. However, the in-depth morphology of the condensates, the energetics of the condensation process, and the photophysical aspects of the CD are not well understood and often disregarded. Herein, for the first time, we covalently attached linearized pUC19 with citric acid and cysteamine-derived CD through the reaction of the surface amine groups of CDs with the 5'-phospho-methyl imidazolide derivative of the plasmid to obtain a 1:1 CD-pUC19 covalent conjugate. The CD-pUC19 conjugates were further transformed into DNA condensates with spermine that displayed a toroidal morphology with a diameter of ∼200 nm involving ∼2-5 CD-pUC19 conjugates in a single condensate. While the interaction of pristine CD to spermine was exothermic, the binding of the CD-pUC19 conjugate with spermine was endothermic and primarily entropy-driven. The condensed plasmid displayed severe conformational stress and deviation from the B-form due to the compact packing of the DNA but better transfection ability than the pristine CD. The CDs in the condensates tend to come close to each other at the core that results in their shielding from excitation. However, this does not prevent them from emanating reactive oxygen species on visible light exposure that compromises the decondensation process and cell viability at higher exposure times, calling for utmost caution in establishing them as nonviral transfecting agents universally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna, 801106 Bihar, India
| | - Prolay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna, 801106 Bihar, India
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77
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Ghirardello M, Ramos-Soriano J, Galan MC. Carbon Dots as an Emergent Class of Antimicrobial Agents. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1877. [PMID: 34443713 PMCID: PMC8400628 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a recognized global challenge. Tools for bacterial detection can combat antimicrobial resistance by facilitating evidence-based antibiotic prescribing, thus avoiding their overprescription, which contributes to the spread of resistance. Unfortunately, traditional culture-based identification methods take at least a day, while emerging alternatives are limited by high cost and a requirement for skilled operators. Moreover, photodynamic inactivation of bacteria promoted by photosensitisers could be considered as one of the most promising strategies in the fight against multidrug resistance pathogens. In this context, carbon dots (CDs) have been identified as a promising class of photosensitiser nanomaterials for the specific detection and inactivation of different bacterial species. CDs possess exceptional and tuneable chemical and photoelectric properties that make them excellent candidates for antibacterial theranostic applications, such as great chemical stability, high water solubility, low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. In this review, we will summarize the most recent advances on the use of CDs as antimicrobial agents, including the most commonly used methodologies for CD and CD/composites syntheses and their antibacterial properties in both in vitro and in vivo models developed in the last 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Ghirardello
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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78
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Ahmed HB, Abualnaja KM, Ghareeb RY, Ibrahim AA, Abdelsalam NR, Emam HE. Technical textiles modified with immobilized carbon dots synthesized with infrared assistance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:15-29. [PMID: 34261016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots "CQDs" were investigated as photo-luminescent nanomaterials as it advantageous with nontoxicity to be alternative for metallic-nanomaterials in different purposes. Therefore, the presented report demonstrates an innovative strategy for industrialization of antimicrobial/fluorescent cotton textiles via exploitation of "CQDs". Unique/novel infrared-assisted technique was currently investigated for clustering "CQDs" form carboxymethyl cellulose. The successive nucleation of "CQDs" (8.0 nm) was affirmed via infra-red, Raman spectroscopy, NMR, TEM and Zeta-potential analysis. The clustered "CQDs" showed antimicrobial and fluorescent characters. The minimal inhibition concentration for "CQDs" (100 mg/mL) against E. coli and C. albicans showed pathogenic reduction of 96% and 82%, respectively. Fluorescent emission spectra for "CQDs" showed two intense peaks at 415-445 nm. "CQDs" were loaded upon pristine and cationized cotton to prepare CQDs@cotton and CQDs@cationized cotton. While, their physical/mechanical properties (air and water vapor permeabilities, tensile strength and elongation %) and thermal stability (TGA & DTG analysis) were studied. The CQDs@cationized cotton exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity with good durability as after ten repretitive washings, inhibition zone diameter against E. coli, was diminished from 21.0 mm to 14.0 mm. The fluorescent emmision intensity was diminished from 741 to 287 after 10 washing cycles. The produced cotton fabrics could be safely used in the medical and military textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Khamael M Abualnaja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rehab Y Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Air Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira A Ibrahim
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Air Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nader R Abdelsalam
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, 21531, Egypt
| | - Hossam E Emam
- Department of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Scopus affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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79
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Yin T, Zhou X, Shi J. Influence of amphiphilic molecules on the peroxidase-like behavior of nanoparticles in an aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23968-23974. [PMID: 35479042 PMCID: PMC9036758 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have drawn considerable attention in recent decades due to their outstanding biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. In this study, we synthesized ionic liquid (1-aminopropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide)-modified carbon dots (IL-CDs) showing good peroxidase-like activity. Furthermore, we investigated their enzymic behavior in the presence of two different amphiphilic molecules, namely tert-butanol (TBA, a typical hydrotrope) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT, a typical anionic surfactant). In an aqueous solution of TBA, a microscopic heterogeneous structure was formed in a certain concentration range of TBA, which resulted in an anomaly in the reaction process. However, in the AOT aqueous solution, the situation became more complicated. IL-CDs formed vesicles or precipitation at different concentrations of AOT, which led to different enzymic activities of IL-CDs due to the variance in the structure and the surface electronic density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China +86 21 64250804 +86 21 64252012
| | - Xingnan Zhou
- The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an Huai'an 223002 China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China +86 21 64250804 +86 21 64252012
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Rozhin P, Charitidis C, Marchesan S. Self-Assembling Peptides and Carbon Nanomaterials Join Forces for Innovative Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:4084. [PMID: 34279424 PMCID: PMC8271590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling peptides and carbon nanomaterials have attracted great interest for their respective potential to bring innovation in the biomedical field. Combination of these two types of building blocks is not trivial in light of their very different physico-chemical properties, yet great progress has been made over the years at the interface between these two research areas. This concise review will analyze the latest developments at the forefront of research that combines self-assembling peptides with carbon nanostructures for biological use. Applications span from tissue regeneration, to biosensing and imaging, and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Rozhin
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Costas Charitidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, Zografou, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- INSTM, Unit of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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81
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Andra S, Balu SK, Jeevanandam J, Muthalagu M. Emerging nanomaterials for antibacterial textile fabrication. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:1355-1382. [PMID: 33710422 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, the search for innovative material to fabricate smart textiles has been increasing to satisfy the expectation and needs of the consumers, as the textile material plays a key role in the evolution of human culture. Further, the textile materials provide an excellent environment for the microbes to grow, because of their large surface area and ability to retain moisture. In addition, the growth of harmful bacteria on the textile material not only damages them but also leads to intolerable foul odour and significant danger to public health. In particular, the pathogenic bacteria present in the fabric surface can cause severe skin infections such as skin allergy and irritation via direct human contact and even can lead to heart problems and pneumonia in certain cases. Recently, nanoparticles and nanomaterials play a significant role in textile industries for developing functional smart textiles with self-cleaning, UV-protection, insect repellent, waterproof, anti-static, flame-resistant and antimicrobial-resistant properties. Thus, this review is an overview of various textile fibres that favour bacterial growth and potential antibacterial nanoparticles that can inhibit the growth of bacteria on fabric surfaces. In addition, the probable antibacterial mechanism of nanoparticles and the significance of the fabric surface modification and fabric finishes in improving the long-term antibacterial efficacy of nanoparticle-coated fabrics were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Andra
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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82
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An Overview of the Recent Developments in Carbon Quantum Dots—Promising Nanomaterials for Metal Ion Detection and (Bio)Molecule Sensing. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent an emerging subset of carbonaceous nanomaterials, recently becoming a powerful tool for biosensing, bioimaging, and drug and gene delivery. In general, carbon dots are defined as zero-dimensional (0D), spherical-like nanoparticles with <10 nm in size. Their unique chemical, optical, and electronic properties make CQDs versatile materials for a wide spectrum of applications, mainly for the sensing and biomedical purposes. Due to their good biocompatibility, water solubility, and relatively facile modification, these novel materials have attracted tremendous interest in recent years, which is especially important for nanotechnology and nanoscience expertise. The preparation of the biomass-derived CQDs has attracted growing interest recently due to their low-cost, renewable, and green biomass resources, presenting also the variability of possible modification for the enhancement of CQDs’ properties. This review is primarily focused on the recent developments in carbon dots and their application in the sensing of different chemical species within the last five years. Furthermore, special emphasis has been made regarding the green approaches for obtaining CQDs and nanomaterial characterization toward better understanding the mechanisms of photoluminescent behavior and sensing performance. In addition, some of the challenges and future outlooks in CQDs research have been briefly outlined.
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83
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Shabashini A, Panja SK, Nandi GC. Applications of Carbon Dots (CDs) in Latent Fingerprints Imaging. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1057-1072. [PMID: 33724694 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a new member of the carbon-based material family, possess unique properties, such as high fluorescence, non-toxicity, eco-friendliness, stability and cost-effectiveness. These properties helped CDs to receive tremendous attention in various fields, namely, biological, opto-electronic, bio-imaging and energy-related applications. Although CDs are widely explored in bio-imaging and bio-sensing applications, their effectiveness in forensic science and technology is comparatively new. In this review, applications of CDs pertaining to latent FPs recovery since 2015 to 2020 is summarized comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arivalagan Shabashini
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli, Mahuva Road, Surat, 394350, Gujrat, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
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84
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Xu S, Tan L, Liu F, Cui Y, Shao H, Wang C, Zhang R. Influence of ligand and impurities on optical properties of carbon dots: Narrow linewidth and controllable UV-Vis spectrum. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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85
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Dunphy A, Patel K, Belperain S, Pennington A, Chiu NHL, Yin Z, Zhu X, Priebe B, Tian S, Wei J, Yi X, Jia Z. Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Carbon Nanodots and Elucidation of Carbon Nanodot Uptake Routes in Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1116. [PMID: 33925858 PMCID: PMC8145848 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents an ever-present global concern, as it is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and an immense public welfare issue. Macrophages play a key role in the onset of the disease state and are popular targets in vascular research and therapeutic treatment. Carbon nanodots (CNDs) represent a type of carbon-based nanomaterial and have garnered attention in recent years for potential in biomedical applications. This investigation serves as a foremost attempt at characterizing the interplay between macrophages and CNDs. We have employed THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages as our target cell line representing primary macrophages in the human body. Our results showcase that CNDs are non-toxic at a variety of doses. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and co-treatment with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs. This co-treatment significantly increased the expression of CD 206 and CD 68 (key receptors involved in phagocytosis) and increased the expression of CCL2 (a monocyte chemoattractant and pro-inflammatory cytokine). The phagocytic activity of THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages co-treated with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs also showed a significant increase. Furthermore, this study also examined potential entrance routes of CNDs into macrophages. We have demonstrated an inhibition in the uptake of CNDs in macrophages treated with nocodazole (microtubule disruptor), N-phenylanthranilic acid (chloride channel blocker), and mercury chloride (aquaporin channel inhibitor). Collectively, this research provides evidence that CNDs cause functional changes in macrophages and indicates a variety of potential entrance routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunphy
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Kamal Patel
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Sarah Belperain
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Aubrey Pennington
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Norman H. L. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (Z.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Ziyu Yin
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (Z.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Brandon Priebe
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (Z.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Xianwen Yi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
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Wei F, Cui X, Wang Z, Dong C, Li J, Han X. Recoverable peroxidase-like Fe 3O 4@MoS 2-Ag nanozyme with enhanced antibacterial ability. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021. [PMID: 33052192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial agents with enzyme-like properties and bacteria-binding ability have provided an alternative method to efficiently disinfect drug-resistance microorganism. Herein, a Fe3O4@MoS2-Ag nanozyme with defect-rich rough surface was constructed by a simple hydrothermal method and in-situ photodeposition of Ag nanoparticles. The nanozyme exhibited good antibacterial performance against E. coli (~69.4%) by the generated ROS and released Ag+, while the nanozyme could further achieve an excellent synergistic disinfection (~100%) by combining with the near-infrared photothermal property of Fe3O4@MoS2-Ag. The antibacterial mechanism study showed that the antibacterial process was determined by the collaborative work of peroxidase-like activity, photothermal effect and leakage of Ag+. The defect-rich rough surface of MoS2 layers facilitated the capture of bacteria, which enhanced the accurate and rapid attack of •OH and Ag+ to the membrane of E. coli with the assistance of local hyperthermia. This method showed broad-spectrum antibacterial performance against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, drug-resistant bacteria and fungal bacteria. Meanwhile, the magnetism of Fe3O4 was used to recycle the nanozyme. This work showed great potential of engineered nanozymes for efficient disinfection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Changchang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Zhu Z, Liu C, Song XM, Mao Q, Ma T. Carbon Dots as an Indicator of Acid–Base Titration and a Fluorescent Probe for Endoplasm Reticulum Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3623-3629. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhu
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xi-Ming Song
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Quanxing Mao
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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88
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Naik GG, Shah J, Balasubramaniam AK, Sahu AN. Applications of natural product-derived carbon dots in cancer biology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:587-608. [PMID: 33660530 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have contributed conspicuously to the development of innovative nanomedicines. Hence, the interface between nanomaterial science and plant natural products may bestow comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for tackling diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. Natural product-derived carbon dots (NPdCDs) have revealed noteworthy attributes in the fields of cancer theranostics, microbial imaging, drug sensing and drug delivery. As plants consist of a cocktail of bioactive phytomolecules, the NPdCDs can be anticipated to have medicinal properties, biocompatibility, photo-stability and easy functionalization. NPdCDs have wide-ranging applications. The primary objective of this review is to comment on recent developments in the use of NPdCDs, with special reference to their application in cancer biology. The future of the use of NPdCDs has also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gopal Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jainam Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Alakh N Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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89
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Sousa HBA, Martins CSM, Prior JAV. You Don't Learn That in School: An Updated Practical Guide to Carbon Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:611. [PMID: 33804394 PMCID: PMC7998311 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have started to emerge as candidates for application in cell imaging, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery, amongst other research fields, due to their unique properties. Those applications are possible as the CQDs exhibit tunable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and a versatile surface. This review aims to summarize the recent development in the field of CQDs research, namely the latest synthesis progress concerning materials/methods, surface modifications, characterization methods, and purification techniques. Furthermore, this work will systematically explore the several applications CQDs have been subjected to, such as bioimaging, fluorescence sensing, and cancer/gene therapy. Finally, we will briefly discuss in the concluding section the present and future challenges, as well as future perspectives and views regarding the emerging paradigm that is the CQDs research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João A. V. Prior
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (H.B.A.S.); (C.S.M.M.)
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90
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Saraf M, Tavakkoli Yaraki M, Prateek, Tan YN, Gupta RK. Insights and Perspectives Regarding Nanostructured Fluorescent Materials toward Tackling COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:911-948. [PMID: 37556236 PMCID: PMC7885806 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has exposed the world's preparation to fight against unknown/unexplored infectious and life-threatening pathogens. The unavailability of vaccines, slow or sometimes unreliable real-time virus/bacteria detection techniques, insufficient personal protective equipment (PPE), and a shortage of ventilators and many other transportation equipments have further raised serious concerns. Material research has been playing a pivotal role in developing antimicrobial agents for water treatment and photodynamic therapy, fast and ultrasensitive biosensors for virus/biomarkers detection, as well as for relevant biomedical and environmental applications. It has been noticed that these research efforts nowadays primarily focus on the nanomaterials-based platforms owing to their simplicity, reliability, and feasibility. In particular, nanostructured fluorescent materials have shown key potential due to their fascinating optical and unique properties at the nanoscale to combat against a COVID-19 kind of pandemic. Keeping these points in mind, this review attempts to give a perspective on the four key fluorescent materials of different families, including carbon dots, metal nanoclusters, aggregation-induced-emission luminogens, and MXenes, which possess great potential for the development of ultrasensitive biosensors and infective antimicrobial agents to fight against various infections/diseases. Particular emphasis has been given to the biomedical and environmental applications that are linked directly or indirectly to the efforts in combating COVID-19 pandemics. This review also aims to raise the awareness of researchers and scientists across the world to utilize such powerful materials in tackling similar pandemics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Saraf
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4,
117585, Singapore
- Research and Development Department,
Nanofy Technologies Pte. Ltd., 048580,
Singapore
| | - Prateek
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Yen Nee Tan
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU,
U.K.
- Newcastle Research & Innovation Institute,
Devan Nair Institute for Employment & Employability, 80
Jurong East Street 21, 609607, Singapore
| | - Raju Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar
Pradesh, India
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar
Pradesh, India
- Department of Sustanable Energy Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar
Pradesh, India
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91
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Zhu Y, Yan L, Xu M, Li Y, Song X, Yin L. Difference between ammonia and urea on nitrogen doping of graphene quantum dots. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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92
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Paderni D, Giorgi L, Fusi V, Formica M, Ambrosi G, Micheloni M. Chemical sensors for rare earth metal ions. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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93
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Qi Z, Lu R, Wang S, Xiang C, Xie C, Zheng M, Tian X, Xu X. Selective fluorometric determination of microcystin-LR using a segment template molecularly imprinted by polymer-capped carbon quantum dots. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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94
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Das S, Ngashangva L, Goswami P. Carbon Dots: An Emerging Smart Material for Analytical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:84. [PMID: 33467583 PMCID: PMC7829846 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are optically active carbon-based nanomaterials. These nanomaterials can change their light emission properties in response to various external stimuli such as pH, temperature, pressure, and light. The CD's remarkable stimuli-responsive smart material properties have recently stimulated massive research interest for their exploitation to develop various sensor platforms. Herein, an effort has been made to review the major advances made on CDs, focusing mainly on its smart material attributes and linked applications. Since the CD's material properties are largely linked to their synthesis approaches, various synthesis methods, including surface passivation and functionalization of CDs and the mechanisms reported so far in their photophysical properties, are also delineated in this review. Finally, the challenges of using CDs and the scope for their further improvement as an optical signal transducer to expand their application horizon for developing analytical platforms have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (L.N.)
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95
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Mahmoudi T, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Shirdel B, Baradaran B, Morales-Narváez E, Golmohammadi H. (Nano)tag-antibody conjugates in rapid tests. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5414-5438. [PMID: 34143173 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00571e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) are naturally derived materials with favorable affinity, selectivity, and fast binding kinetics to the respective antigens, which enables their application as promising recognition elements in the development of various types of biosensors/bioassays, especially in rapid tests. These tests are low-cost and easy-to-use biosensing devices with broad applications including medical or veterinary diagnostics, environmental monitoring and industrial usages such as safety and quality analysis in food, providing on-site quick monitoring of various analytes, making it possible to save analysis costs and time. To reach such features, the conjugation of Abs with various nanomaterials (NMs) as tags is necessary, which range from conventional gold nanoparticles to other nanoparticles recently introduced, where magnetic, plasmonic, photoluminescent, or multi-modal properties play a critical role in the overall performance of the analytical device. In this context, to preserve the Ab affinity and provide a rapid response with long-term storage capability, the use of efficient bio-conjugation techniques is critical. Thanks to their prominent role in rapid tests, many studies have been devoted to the design and development of Abs-NMs conjugates with various chemistries including passive adsorption, covalent coupling, and affinity interactions. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art techniques allowing various Ab-NM conjugates with a special focus on the efficiency of the developed probes to be employed in in vitro rapid tests. Challenges and future perspectives on the development of Ab-conjugated nanotags in rapid diagnostic tests are highlighted along with a survey of the progress in commercially available Ab-NM conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Pourhassan-Moghaddam
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Behnaz Shirdel
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C. Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, 37150 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Hamed Golmohammadi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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96
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Li YX, Lee JY, Lee H, Hu CC, Chiu TC. Highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+ and ClO− ions and fluorescent ink. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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97
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Tejwan N, Saini AK, Sharma A, Singh TA, Kumar N, Das J. Metal-doped and hybrid carbon dots: A comprehensive review on their synthesis and biomedical applications. J Control Release 2020; 330:132-150. [PMID: 33340566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are the most promising candidates of the carbon family with superior properties like ultra-small size, high aqueous solubility, low cytotoxicity, and inherent photoluminescence which makes them suitable for diverse biomedical applications. Methods have been developed to enhance their applications. Doping/surface passivation of CDs improves their physicochemical properties, visible light absorption probability, and quantum yield by controlling their size, morphology, structure, and band-gap energy. Recently, metal-doped CDs have emerged as an important class of nanomaterials with numerous biomedical applications. Additionally, the conjugation of CDs with semiconductor metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) enhances their free radical production rates under visible light irradiation. Conjugation of fluorescent CDs with magnetic NPs leads to the development of multimodal imaging platforms. Similarly, ternary conjugates composed of fluorescent CDs, near-infrared (NIR) responsive, and magnetic NPs are useful for multi-modal imaging-guided, and NIR-responsive synergistic chemo-phototherapy. However, no comprehensive review is published yet which covers metal-doped and hybrid CDs. Therefore, herein we provide detailed information about their synthesis and important biomedical applications. Firstly, we have covered various synthesis methods for CD conjugation including the critical analysis of the effects of the reaction conditions and doping/conjugation on the structure and properties of the CDs. Then we have extensively reviewed their biomedical applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bioimaging agents, and in the field of cancer phototherapy with special emphasis on their mechanisms of actions. Finally, the future directions of research and the applications of the metal-doped and hybrid CDs have been discussed. We believe that this review article will enrich the understanding of different synthetic routes of CD-nanocomposites and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Tejwan
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India; Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana 133207, India; Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Kumarhatti, Solan, HP 173229, India
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India; Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India
| | - Th Abhishek Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India; Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Science and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 73229, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India; Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India.
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98
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Feng F, Miao C, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Weng S. Positively Charged and
pH
‐sensitive Carbon Dots for Fluorescence Detection of Copper Ion. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Department of Pharmacy Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Health College Fuzhou 350003 China
| | - Chenfang Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou Fujian 362000 China
| | - Zhengjun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
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99
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Wang Y, Han C, Yu L, Wu J, Min Y, Tan J, Zhao Y, Zhang P. Etching-controlled suppression of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between nitrogen-doped carbon dots and Ag nanoprisms for glucose assay and diabetes diagnosis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118713. [PMID: 32759033 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous methods have been developed for glucose detection, only few cases can be really applied in clinical diagnosis. Herein, we report a new approach to achieve the detection of glucose in clinical samples and distinguishing the diabetic patients with healthy ones. Specifically, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system is established first, where nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) and Ag nanoprisms (AgNPRs) with good spectral overlap act as energy donor and acceptor, respectively. Then, the FRET can be inhibited through oxidative etching of the energy acceptor in the presence of glucose and glucose oxidase, where hydrogen peroxide is generated to transform AgNPRs into Ag+ ions. Based on the turn-on fluorescent signal versus glucose concentration, a new method for quantitative detection of glucose is developed. This etching-induced analytical method is simple, reliable, robust and cost-effective, which is promising to assist the doctors to clinically diagnose diabetes and other diseases related to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chaoqin Han
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiangling Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuanhong Min
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology of Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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100
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Yan Q, Zhang C, Xing Y, Xiong Y, Zhang F, Wang Z. Highly Luminescent Solid‐State Carbon Dots Embedded in a Boric Acid Matrix. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Qinqin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Yifei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
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