51
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Ouassaf M, Bourougaa L, Al-Mijalli SH, Abdallah EM, Bhat AR, A. Kawsar SM. Marine-Derived Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Hsp90 for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Drug Development: A Comprehensive In Silico Study. Molecules 2023; 28:8074. [PMID: 38138564 PMCID: PMC10871121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine compounds constitute a diverse and invaluable resource for the discovery of bioactive substances with promising applications in the pharmaceutical development of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents. In this study, a comprehensive methodology was employed, encompassing pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, in silico ADMET assessment (encompassing aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), and molecular dynamics simulations. These methods were applied to identify new inhibitors targeting the Hsp90 protein (heat shock protein 90), commencing with a diverse assembly of compounds sourced from marine origins. During the virtual screening phase, an extensive exploration was conducted on a dataset comprising 31,488 compounds sourced from the CMNPD database, characterized by a wide array of molecular structures. The principal objective was the development of structure-based pharmacophore models, a valuable approach when the pool of known ligands is limited. The pharmacophore model DDRRR was successfully constructed within the active sites of the Hsp90 crystal structure. Subsequent docking studies led to the identification of six compounds (CMNPD 22591, 9335, 10015, 360799, 15115, and 20988) demonstrating substantial binding affinities, each with values below -8.3 kcal/mol. In the realm of in silico ADMET predictions, five of these compounds exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and total binding energy calculations using MM-PBSA indicated that these marine-derived compounds formed exceptionally stable complexes with the Hsp90 receptor over a 100-nanosecond simulation period. These findings underscore the considerable potential of these novel marine compounds as promising candidates for anticancer and antimicrobial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebarka Ouassaf
- Group of Computational and Medicinal Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra 707000, Algeria;
| | - Lotfi Bourougaa
- Group of Computational and Medicinal Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra 707000, Algeria;
| | - Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M. Abdallah
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ajmal R. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India;
| | - Sarkar M. A. Kawsar
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
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52
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Zhao Y, Rao PPN. Small Molecules N-Phenylbenzofuran-2-carboxamide and N-Phenylbenzo[ b]thiophene-2-carboxamide Promote Beta-Amyloid (Aβ42) Aggregation and Mitigate Neurotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4185-4198. [PMID: 37972377 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the unusual ability of small molecules N-phenylbenzofuran-2-carboxamide (7a) and N-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (7b) to promote and accelerate Aβ42 aggregation. In the in vitro aggregation kinetic assays, 7a was able to demonstrate rapid increases in Aβ42 fibrillogenesis ranging from 1.5- to 4.7-fold when tested at 1, 5, 10, and 25 μM compared to Aβ42-alone control. Similarly, compound 7b also exhibited 2.9- to 4.3-fold increases in Aβ42 fibrillogenesis at the concentration range tested. Electron microscopy studies at 1, 5, 10, and 25 μM also demonstrate the ability of compounds 7a and 7b to promote and accelerate Aβ42 aggregation with the formation of long, elongated fibril structures. Both 7a and 7b were not toxic to HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells and strikingly were able to prevent Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells (cell viability ∼74%) compared to the Aβ42-treated group (cell viability ∼20%). Fluorescence imaging studies using BioTracker 490 green, Hoeschst 33342, and the amyloid binding dye ProteoStat further demonstrate the ability of 7a and 7b to promote Aβ42 fibrillogenesis and prevent Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity to HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells. Computational modeling studies suggest that both 7a and 7b can interact with the Aβ42 oligomer and pentamers and have the potential to modulate the self-assembly pathways. The 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) dye binding assay also demonstrates the ability of 7a and 7b to expose the hydrophobic surface of Aβ42 to the solvent surface that promotes self-assembly and rapid fibrillogenesis. These studies demonstrate the unique ability of small molecules 7a and 7b to alter the self-assembly and misfolding pathways of Aβ42 by promoting the formation of nontoxic aggregates. These findings have direct implications in the discovery and development of novel small-molecule-based chemical and pharmacological tools to study the Aβ42 aggregation mechanisms, and in the design of novel antiamyloid therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Praveen P N Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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53
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Kellett T, Noor R, Zhou Q, Esquer H, Sala R, Stojanovic P, Rudolph J, Luger K, LaBarbera DV. HTS discovery of PARP1-HPF1 complex inhibitors in cancer. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:394-401. [PMID: 37844763 PMCID: PMC10872402 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PARP1/2 inhibitors (PARPi) are effective clinically used drugs for the treatment of cancers with BRCA deficiencies. PARPi have had limited success and applicability beyond BRCA deficient cancers, and their effect is diminished by resistance mechanisms. The recent discovery of Histone PARylation Factor (HPF1) and the role it plays in the PARylation reaction by forming a shared active site with PARP1 raises the possibility that novel inhibitors that target the PARP1-HPF1 complex can be identified. Herein we describe a simple and cost-effective high-throughput screening (HTS) method aimed at discovering inhibitors of the PARP1-HPF1 complex. Upon HTS validation, we first applied this method to screen a small PARP-focused library of compounds and then scale up our approach using robotic automation to conduct a pilot screen of 10,000 compounds and validating >100 hits. This work demonstrates for the first time the capacity to discover potent inhibitors of the PARP1-HPF1 complex, which may have utility as probes to better understand the DNA damage response and as therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kellett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU AMC), Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rida Noor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; The CU AMC Center for Drug Discovery, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hector Esquer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; The CU AMC Center for Drug Discovery, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rita Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU AMC), Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Petra Stojanovic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Daniel V LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; The CU AMC Center for Drug Discovery, Aurora, CO, USA; The University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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54
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Hamurcu F. Synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of novel Schiff bases containing pentafluorophenyl hydrazine. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23512. [PMID: 37638565 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, new Schiff bases derived from pentafluorophenyl-hydrazine (L1, L2, L3, L4) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), 13 C NMR, 19 F NMR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis methods. Then, the anticancer activities of the obtained compounds were investigated using three human cancer cell lines (A2780, over; Caco-2, colon; and HT-29 colon carcinoma cell lines). According to the obtained cytotoxicity results, compound number L4 was found to have the highest anticancer activity in A2780 (over) and Caco-2 (colon) cell lines. Furthermore, in silico, ADMET properties, where studies play an important role in the development and prediction of drug compounds, were calculated using web-based platforms. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the binding interactions between the synthesized pentafluorophenyl-hydrazone compounds and the MDM2 protein (4JSC). Both in vitro and in silico results showed that the synthesized compounds could act as potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hamurcu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
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55
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Berrino E, Carradori S, Carta F, Melfi F, Gallorini M, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Fernández-Bolaños JG, López Ó, Petzer JP, Petzer A, Guglielmi P, Secci D, Supuran CT. A Multitarget Approach against Neuroinflammation: Alkyl Substituted Coumarins as Inhibitors of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2044. [PMID: 38136164 PMCID: PMC10740956 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) include a large range of diseases characterized by neural dysfunction with a multifactorial etiology. The most common NDs are Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, in which cholinergic and dopaminergic systems are impaired, respectively. Despite different brain regions being affected, oxidative stress and inflammation were found to be common triggers in the pathogenesis and progression of both diseases. By taking advantage of a multi-target approach, in this work we explored alkyl substituted coumarins as neuroprotective agents, capable to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting enzymes involved in neurodegeneration, among which are Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs), Monoamine Oxidases (MAOs), and Cholinesterases (ChEs). The compounds were synthesized and profiled against the three targeted enzymes. The binding mode of the most promising compounds (7 and 9) within MAO-A and -B was analyzed through molecular modeling studies, providing and explanation for the different selectivities observed for the MAO isoforms. In vitro biological studies using LPS-stimulated rat astrocytes showed that some compounds were able to counteract the oxidative stress-induced neuroinflammation and hamper interleukin-6 secretion, confirming the success of this multitarget approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.G.); (D.S.)
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, ‘‘G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Francesco Melfi
- Department of Pharmacy, ‘‘G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, ‘‘G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - José G. Fernández-Bolaños
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.G.F.-B.); (Ó.L.)
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.G.F.-B.); (Ó.L.)
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (J.P.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (J.P.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
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56
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Chen J, Farraj RA, Limonta D, Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Kerek EM, Bhattacharya A, Reformat FM, Mabrouk OM, Brigant B, Pfeifer TA, McDermott MT, Ussher JR, Hobman TC, Glover JNM, Hubbard BP. Reversible and irreversible inhibitors of coronavirus Nsp15 endoribonuclease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105341. [PMID: 37832873 PMCID: PMC10656235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, has resulted in the largest pandemic in recent history. Current therapeutic strategies to mitigate this disease have focused on the development of vaccines and on drugs that inhibit the viral 3CL protease or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzymes. A less-explored and potentially complementary drug target is Nsp15, a uracil-specific RNA endonuclease that shields coronaviruses and other nidoviruses from mammalian innate immune defenses. Here, we perform a high-throughput screen of over 100,000 small molecules to identify Nsp15 inhibitors. We characterize the potency, mechanism, selectivity, and predicted binding mode of five lead compounds. We show that one of these, IPA-3, is an irreversible inhibitor that might act via covalent modification of Cys residues within Nsp15. Moreover, we demonstrate that three of these inhibitors (hexachlorophene, IPA-3, and CID5675221) block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication in cells at subtoxic doses. This study provides a pipeline for the identification of Nsp15 inhibitors and pinpoints lead compounds for further development against coronavirus disease 2019 and related coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rabih Abou Farraj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Limonta
- Department of Cell Biology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Evan M Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashim Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filip M Reformat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ola M Mabrouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin Brigant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom A Pfeifer
- High Throughput Biology Facility, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark T McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom C Hobman
- Department of Cell Biology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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57
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Tran-Nguyen VK, Junaid M, Simeon S, Ballester PJ. A practical guide to machine-learning scoring for structure-based virtual screening. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3460-3511. [PMID: 37845361 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) via docking has been used to discover active molecules for a range of therapeutic targets. Chemical and protein data sets that contain integrated bioactivity information have increased both in number and in size. Artificial intelligence and, more concretely, its machine-learning (ML) branch, including deep learning, have effectively exploited these data sets to build scoring functions (SFs) for SBVS against targets with an atomic-resolution 3D model (e.g., generated by X-ray crystallography or predicted by AlphaFold2). Often outperforming their generic and non-ML counterparts, target-specific ML-based SFs represent the state of the art for SBVS. Here, we present a comprehensive and user-friendly protocol to build and rigorously evaluate these new SFs for SBVS. This protocol is organized into four sections: (i) using a public benchmark of a given target to evaluate an existing generic SF; (ii) preparing experimental data for a target from public repositories; (iii) partitioning data into a training set and a test set for subsequent target-specific ML modeling; and (iv) generating and evaluating target-specific ML SFs by using the prepared training-test partitions. All necessary code and input/output data related to three example targets (acetylcholinesterase, HMG-CoA reductase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) are available at https://github.com/vktrannguyen/MLSF-protocol , can be run by using a single computer within 1 week and make use of easily accessible software/programs (e.g., Smina, CNN-Score, RF-Score-VS and DeepCoy) and web resources. Our aim is to provide practical guidance on how to augment training data to enhance SBVS performance, how to identify the most suitable supervised learning algorithm for a data set, and how to build an SF with the highest likelihood of discovering target-active molecules within a given compound library.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Saw Simeon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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58
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Horgan MJ, Zell L, Siewert B, Stuppner H, Schuster D, Temml V. Identification of Novel β-Tubulin Inhibitors Using a Combined In Silico/ In Vitro Approach. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6396-6411. [PMID: 37774242 PMCID: PMC10598795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to their potential as leads for various therapeutic applications, including as antimitotic and antiparasitic agents, the development of tubulin inhibitors offers promise for drug discovery. In this study, an in silico pharmacophore-based virtual screening approach targeting the colchicine binding site of β-tubulin was employed. Several structure- and ligand-based models for known tubulin inhibitors were generated. Compound databases were virtually screened against the models, and prioritized hits from the SPECS compound library were tested in an in vitro tubulin polymerization inhibition assay for their experimental validation. Out of the 41 SPECS compounds tested, 11 were active tubulin polymerization inhibitors, leading to a prospective true positive hit rate of 26.8%. Two novel inhibitors displayed IC50 values in the range of colchicine. The most potent of which was a novel acetamide-bridged benzodiazepine/benzimidazole derivative with an IC50 = 2.9 μM. The screening workflow led to the identification of diverse inhibitors active at the tubulin colchicine binding site. Thus, the pharmacophore models show promise as valuable tools for the discovery of compounds and as potential leads for the development of cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark James Horgan
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Zell
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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59
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Egleston M, Dong L, Howlader AH, Bhat S, Orris B, Bianchet MA, Greenberg MM, Stivers JT. Deoxyguanosine-Linked Bifunctional Inhibitor of SAMHD1 dNTPase Activity and Nucleic Acid Binding. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2200-2210. [PMID: 37233733 PMCID: PMC10596003 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif histidine-aspartate domain protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase that exists in monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric forms. It is activated by GTP binding to an A1 allosteric site on each monomer subunit, which induces dimerization, a prerequisite for dNTP-induced tetramerization. SAMHD1 is a validated drug target stemming from its inactivation of many anticancer nucleoside drugs leading to drug resistance. The enzyme also possesses a single-strand nucleic acid binding function that promotes RNA and DNA homeostasis by several mechanisms. To discover small molecule inhibitors of SAMHD1, we screened a custom ∼69 000-compound library for dNTPase inhibitors. Surprisingly, this effort yielded no viable hits and indicated that exceptional barriers for discovery of small molecule inhibitors existed. We then took a rational fragment-based inhibitor design approach using a deoxyguanosine (dG) A1 site targeting fragment. A targeted chemical library was synthesized by coupling a 5'-phosphoryl propylamine dG fragment (dGpC3NH2) to 376 carboxylic acids (RCOOH). Direct screening of the products (dGpC3NHCO-R) yielded nine initial hits, one of which (R = 3-(3'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]), 5a) was investigated extensively. Amide 5a is a competitive inhibitor against GTP binding to the A1 site and induces inactive dimers that are deficient in tetramerization. Surprisingly, 5a also prevented ssDNA and ssRNA binding, demonstrating that the dNTPase and nucleic acid binding functions of SAMHD1 can be disrupted by a single small molecule. A structure of the SAMHD1-5a complex indicates that the biphenyl fragment impedes a conformational change in the C-terminal lobe that is required for tetramerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Egleston
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Linghao Dong
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - A. Hasan Howlader
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shridhar Bhat
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Benjamin Orris
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Mario A. Bianchet
- Department
of Neurology and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Marc M. Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - James T. Stivers
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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60
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Aguirre T, Dornan GL, Hostachy S, Neuenschwander M, Seyffarth C, Haucke V, Schütz A, von Kries JP, Fiedler D. An unconventional gatekeeper mutation sensitizes inositol hexakisphosphate kinases to an allosteric inhibitor. eLife 2023; 12:RP88982. [PMID: 37843983 PMCID: PMC10578927 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) are emerging as relevant pharmacological targets because a multitude of disease-related phenotypes has been associated with their function. While the development of potent IP6K inhibitors is gaining momentum, a pharmacological tool to distinguish the mammalian isozymes is still lacking. Here, we implemented an analog-sensitive approach for IP6Ks and performed a high-throughput screen to identify suitable lead compounds. The most promising hit, FMP-201300, exhibited high potency and selectivity toward the unique valine gatekeeper mutants of IP6K1 and IP6K2, compared to the respective wild-type (WT) kinases. Biochemical validation experiments revealed an allosteric mechanism of action that was corroborated by hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry measurements. The latter analysis suggested that displacement of the αC helix, caused by the gatekeeper mutation, facilitates the binding of FMP-201300 to an allosteric pocket adjacent to the ATP-binding site. FMP-201300 therefore serves as a valuable springboard for the further development of compounds that can selectively target the three mammalian IP6Ks; either as analog-sensitive kinase inhibitors or as an allosteric lead compound for the WT kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Aguirre
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Gillian L Dornan
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Sarah Hostachy
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | | | - Carola Seyffarth
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Anja Schütz
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | | | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
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61
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Souza BGD, Choudhary S, Vilela GG, Passos GFS, Costa CACB, Freitas JDD, Coelho GL, Brandão JDA, Anderson L, Bassi ÊJ, Araújo-Júnior JXD, Tomar S, Silva-Júnior EFD. Design, synthesis, antiviral evaluation, and In silico studies of acrylamides targeting nsP2 from Chikungunya virus. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115572. [PMID: 37364511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Togaviridae family comprises several New- and Old-World Alphaviruses that have been responsible for thousands of human illnesses, including the RNA arbovirus Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Firstly, it was reported in Tanzania in 1952 but rapidly it spread to several countries from Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Since then, CHIKV has been circulating in diverse countries around the world, leading to increased morbidity rates. Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs or licensed vaccines to specifically treat CHIKV infections. Thus, there is a lack of alternatives to fight against this viral disease, making it an unmet need. Structurally, CHIKV is composed of five structural proteins (E3, E2, E1, C, and 6k) and four non-structural proteins (nsP1-4), in which nsP2 represents an attractive antiviral target for designing novel inhibitors since it has an essential role in the virus replication and transcription. Herein, we used a rational drug design strategy to select some acrylamide derivatives to be synthesized and evaluated against CHIKV nsP2 and also screened on CHIKV-infected cells. Thus, two regions of modifications were considered for these types of inhibitors, based on a previous study of our group, generating 1560 possible inhibitors. Then, the 24 most promising ones were synthesized and screened by using a FRET-based enzymatic assay protocol targeting CHIKV nsP2, identifying LQM330, 333, 336, and 338 as the most potent inhibitors, with Ki values of 48.6 ± 2.8, 92.3 ± 1.4, 2.3 ± 1.5, and 181.8 ± 2.5 μM, respectively. Still, their Km and Vmax kinetic parameters were also determined, along with their competitive binding modes of CHIKV nsP2 inhibition. Then, ITC analyses revealed KD values of 127, 159, 198, and 218 μM for LQM330, 333, 336, and 338, respectively. Also, their ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG physicochemical parameters were determined. MD simulations demonstrated that these inhibitors present a stable binding mode with nsP2, interacting with important residues of this protease, according to docking analyzes. Moreover, MM/PBSA calculations displayed that van der Waals interactions are mainly responsible for stabilizing the inhibitor-nsP2 complex, and their binding energies corroborated with their Ki values, having -198.7 ± 15.68, -124.8 ± 17.27, -247.4 ± 23.78, and -100.6 ± 19.21 kcal/mol for LQM330, 333, 336, and 338, respectively. Since Sindbis (SINV) nsP2 is similar to CHIKV nsP2, these best inhibitors were screened against SINV-infected cells, and it was verified that LQM330 presented the best result, with an EC50 value of 0.95 ± 0.09 μM. Even at 50 μM concentration, LQM338 was found to be cytotoxic on Vero cells after 48 h. Then, LQM330, 333, and 336 were evaluated against CHIKV-infected cells in antiviral assays, in which LQM330 was found to be the most promising antiviral candidate in this study, exhibiting an EC50 value of 5.2 ± 0.52 μM and SI of 31.78. The intracellular flow cytometry demonstrated that LQM330 is able to reduce the CHIKV cytopathogenic effect on cells, and also reduce the percentage of CHIKV-positive cells from 66.1% ± 7.05 to 35.8% ± 5.78 at 50 μM concentration. Finally, qPCR studies demonstrated that LQM330 was capable of reducing the number of viral RNA copies/μL, suggesting that CHIKV nsP2 is targeted by this inhibitor as its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gois de Souza
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Shweta Choudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gabriel Gomes Vilela
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Felipe Silva Passos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Alagoas, Maceió Campus, Mizael Domingues Street, 57020-600, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Lobo Coelho
- Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Júlia de Andrade Brandão
- Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Leticia Anderson
- Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil; CESMAC University Center, 57051-160, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ênio José Bassi
- Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil; Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões Campus, 57072-970, Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
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McGown A, Nafie J, Otayfah M, Hassell-Hart S, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Banks R, Marsh GP, Maple HJ, Kostakis GE, Proietti Silvestri I, Colbon P, Spencer J. Chirality: a key parameter in chemical probes. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:716-721. [PMID: 37799583 PMCID: PMC10549247 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many small molecule bioactive and marketed drugs are chiral. They are often synthesised from commercially available chiral building blocks. However, chirality is sometimes incorrectly assigned by manufacturers with consequences for the end user ranging from: experimental irreproducibility, wasted time on synthesising the wrong product and reanalysis, to the added cost of purchasing the precursor and resynthesis of the correct stereoisomer. Further on, this could lead to loss of reputation, loss of funding, to safety and ethical concerns due to potential in vivo administration of the wrong form of a drug. It is our firm belief that more stringent control of chirality be provided by the supplier and, if needed, requested by the end user, to minimise the potential issues mentioned above. Certification of chirality would bring much needed confidence in chemical structure assignment and could be provided by a variety of techniques, from polarimetry, chiral HPLC, using known chiral standards, vibrational circular dichroism, and x-ray crystallography. A few case studies of our brushes with wrong chirality assignment are shown as well as some examples of what we believe to be good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGown
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Jordan Nafie
- Biotools, Inc., 17546 Beeline Highway Jupiter Florida 33458 USA
| | - Mohammed Otayfah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Rebecca Banks
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - Graham P Marsh
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - Hannah J Maple
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - George E Kostakis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | | | - Paul Colbon
- Liverpool ChiroChem Ltd, The Heath Business & Technical Park Runcorn Cheshire WA7 4QX UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
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63
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Ropponen HK, Diamanti E, Johannsen S, Illarionov B, Hamid R, Jaki M, Sass P, Fischer M, Haupenthal J, Hirsch AKH. Exploring the Translational Gap of a Novel Class of Escherichia coli IspE Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300346. [PMID: 37718320 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of novel antibiotics needs multidisciplinary approaches to gain target enzyme and bacterial activities while aiming for selectivity over mammalian cells. Here, we report a multiparameter optimisation of a fragment-like hit that was identified through a structure-based virtual-screening campaign on Escherichia coli IspE crystal structure. Subsequent medicinal-chemistry design resulted in a novel class of E. coli IspE inhibitors, exhibiting activity also against the more pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. While cytotoxicity remains a challenge for the series, it provides new insights on the molecular properties for balancing enzymatic target and bacterial activities simultaneously as well as new starting points for the development of IspE inhibitors with a predicted new mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henni-Karoliina Ropponen
- Drug Discovery and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Current address: AMR Action Fund GP GmbH, Messeplatz 10, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Diamanti
- Drug Discovery and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sandra Johannsen
- Drug Discovery and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Boris Illarionov
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rawia Hamid
- Drug Discovery and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Miriam Jaki
- Drug Discovery and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Current address: University of Freiburg, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Sonnenstraße 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Sass
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Universität Tubingen
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Drug Discovery and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Drug Discovery and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Coant N, Bickel JD, Rahaim R, Otsuka Y, Choi YM, Xu R, Simoes M, Cariello C, Mao C, Saied EM, Arenz C, Spicer TP, Bannister TD, Tonge PJ, Airola MV, Scampavia L, Hannun YA, Rizzo RC, Haley JD. Neutral ceramidase-active site inhibitor chemotypes and binding modes. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106747. [PMID: 37531819 PMCID: PMC10681040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides impact a diverse array of biological functions and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. The enzyme neutral ceramidase (nCDase) is a zinc-containing hydrolase and mediates the metabolism of ceramide to sphingosine (Sph), both in cells and in the intestinal lumen. nCDase inhibitors based on substrate mimetics, for example C6-urea ceramide, have limited potency, aqueous solubility, and micelle-free fraction. To identify non-ceramide mimetic nCDase inhibitors, hit compounds from an HTS campaign were evaluated in biochemical, cell based and in silico modeling approaches. A majority of small molecule nCDase inhibitors contained pharmacophores capable of zinc interaction but retained specificity for nCDase over zinc-containing acid and alkaline ceramidases, as well as matrix metalloprotease-3 and histone deacetylase-1. nCDase inhibitors were refined by SAR, were shown to be substrate competitive and were active in cellular assays. nCDase inhibitor compounds were modeled by in silico DOCK screening and by molecular simulation. Modeling data supports zinc interaction and a similar compound binding pose with ceramide. nCDase inhibitors were identified with notably improved activity and solubility in comparison with the reference lipid-mimetic C6-urea ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Coant
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - John D Bickel
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ronald Rahaim
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yuka Otsuka
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yong-Mi Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael Simoes
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chris Cariello
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Essa M Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Peter J Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Robert C Rizzo
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - John D Haley
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Renaissance School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Fancher AT, Hua Y, Close DA, Xu W, McDermott LA, Strock CJ, Santiago U, Camacho CJ, Johnston PA. Characterization of allosteric modulators that disrupt androgen receptor co-activator protein-protein interactions to alter transactivation-Drug leads for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:325-343. [PMID: 37549772 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Three series of compounds were prioritized from a high content screening campaign that identified molecules that blocked dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced formation of Androgen Receptor (AR) protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2) coactivator and also disrupted preformed AR-TIF2 PPI complexes; the hydrobenzo-oxazepins (S1), thiadiazol-5-piperidine-carboxamides (S2), and phenyl-methyl-indoles (S3). Compounds from these series inhibited AR PPIs with TIF2 and SRC-1, another p160 coactivator, in mammalian 2-hybrid assays and blocked transcriptional activation in reporter assays driven by full length AR or AR-V7 splice variants. Compounds inhibited the growth of five prostate cancer cell lines, with many exhibiting differential cytotoxicity towards AR positive cell lines. Representative compounds from the 3 series substantially reduced both endogenous and DHT-enhanced expression and secretion of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) cancer biomarker in the C4-2 castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell line. The comparatively weak activities of series compounds in the H3-DHT and/or TIF2 box 3 LXXLL-peptide binding assays to the recombinant ligand binding domain of AR suggest that direct antagonism at the orthosteric ligand binding site or AF-2 surface respectively are unlikely mechanisms of action. Cellular enhanced thermal stability assays (CETSA) indicated that compounds engaged AR and reduced the maximum efficacy and right shifted the EC50 of DHT-enhanced AR thermal stabilization consistent with the effects of negative allosteric modulators. Molecular docking of potent representative hits from each series to AR structures suggest that S1-1 and S2-6 engage a novel binding pocket (BP-1) adjacent to the orthosteric ligand binding site, while S3-11 occupies the AR binding function 3 (BF-3) allosteric pocket. Hit binding poses indicate spaces and residues adjacent to the BP-1 and BF-3 pockets that will be exploited in future medicinal chemistry optimization studies. Small molecule allosteric modulators that prevent/disrupt AR PPIs with coactivators like TIF2 to alter transcriptional activation in the presence of orthosteric agonists might evade the resistance mechanisms to existing prostate cancer drugs and provide novel starting points for medicinal chemistry lead optimization and future development into therapies for metastatic CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley T Fancher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Nucleus Global, 2 Ravinia Drive, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30346, USA
| | - Yun Hua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David A Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lee A McDermott
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; PsychoGenics Inc, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | | | - Ulises Santiago
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, at the University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, at the University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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Benito G, D'Agostino I, Carradori S, Fantacuzzi M, Agamennone M, Puca V, Grande R, Capasso C, Carta F, Supuran CT. Erlotinib-containing benzenesulfonamides as anti- Helicobacter pylori agents through carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1865-1883. [PMID: 37886837 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Development of dual-acting antibacterial agents containing Erlotinib, a recognized EGFR inhibitor used as an anticancer agent, with differently spaced benzenesulfonamide moieties known to bind and inhibit Helicobacter pylori carbonic anhydrase (HpCA) or the antiviral Zidovudine. Methods & materials: Through rational design, ten derivatives were obtained via a straightforward synthesis including a click chemistry reaction. Inhibitory activity against a panel of pathogenic carbonic anhydrases and antibacterial susceptibility of H. pylori ATCC 43504 were assessed. Docking studies on α-carbonic anhydrase enzymes and EGFR were conducted to gain insight into the binding mode of these compounds. Results & conclusion: Some compounds proved to be strong inhibitors of HpCA and showed good anti-H. pylori activity. Computational studies on the targeted enzymes shed light on the interaction hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Benito
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | | | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Mariangela Agamennone
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies & Technology, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture & Food Sciences, National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences & Bioresources, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
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67
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Alsrhani A, Farhana A, Khan YS, Ashraf GM, Shahwan M, Shamsi A. Phytoconstituents as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19: a computational study on inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37713337 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2257328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) has become a global health crisis, and the urgent need for effective treatments is evident. One potential target for COVID-19 therapeutics is the main protease (Mpro) of SARS‑CoV‑2, an essential enzyme for viral replication. Natural compounds have been explored as a source of potential inhibitors for Mpro due to their safety and availability. In this study, we employed a computational approach to screen a library of phytoconstituents and identified potential Mpro inhibitors based on their binding affinities and molecular interactions. The top-ranking compounds were further validated through molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and free energy calculations. As a result of the above procedures, we identified two phytoconstituents, Khelmarin B and Neogitogenin, with appreciable binding affinity and specificity towards the Mpro binding pocket. Our results suggest that Khelmarin B and Neogitogenin could potentially serve as Mpro inhibitors and have the potential to be developed as COVID-19 therapeutics. Further experimental studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of these compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Saleem Khan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Ramharack P, Salifu EY, Agoni C. Dual-Target Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibition: Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Antifolate Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14021. [PMID: 37762327 PMCID: PMC10530724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has posed a significant challenge to global efforts in combating tuberculosis. To address this issue, innovative therapeutic strategies are required that target essential biochemical pathways while minimizing the potential for resistance development. The concept of dual targeting has gained prominence in drug discovery against resistance bacteria. Dual targeting recognizes the complexity of cellular processes and disrupts more than one vital pathway, simultaneously. By inhibiting more than one essential process required for bacterial growth and survival, the chances of developing resistance are substantially reduced. A previously reported study investigated the dual-targeting potential of a series of novel compounds against the folate pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Expanding on this study, we investigated the predictive pharmacokinetic profiling and the structural mechanism of inhibition of UCP1172, UCP1175, and UCP1063 on key enzymes, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 5'-phosphate reductase (RV2671), involved in the folate pathway. Our findings indicate that the compounds demonstrate lipophilic physiochemical properties that promote gastrointestinal absorption, and may also inhibit the drug-metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4, thus enhancing their biological half-life. Furthermore, key catalytic residues (Serine, Threonine, and Aspartate), conserved in both enzymes, were found to participate in vital molecular interactions with UCP1172, which demonstrated the most favorable free binding energies to both DHFR and RV2671 (-41.63 kcal/mol, -48.04 kcal/mol, respectively). The presence of characteristic loop shifts, which are similar in both enzymes, also indicates a common inhibitory mechanism by UCP1172. This elucidation advances the understanding of UCP1172's dual inhibition mechanism against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritika Ramharack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Elliasu Y. Salifu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Belfield, Ireland
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69
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Gupta SRR, Ta TM, Khan M, Singh A, Singh IK, Peethambaran B. Identification and validation of a small molecule targeting ROR1 for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1243763. [PMID: 37779899 PMCID: PMC10534069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1243763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with roughly 10-15% of new cases classified as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Traditional chemotherapies are often toxic to normal cells. Therefore, it is important to discover new anticancer compounds that target TNBC while causing minimal damage to normal cells. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal protein overexpressed in numerous human malignancies, including TNBC. This study investigated potential small molecules targeting ROR1. Methodology: Using AutoDock Vina and Glide, we screened 70,000 chemicals for our investigation. We obtained 10 representative compounds via consensus voting, deleting structural alerts, and clustering. After manual assessment, compounds 2 and 4 were chosen for MD simulation and cell viability experiment. Compound 4 showed promising results in the viability assay, which led us to move further with the apoptosis assay and immunoblotting. Results: Compound 4 (CID1261330) had docking scores of -6.635 and -10.8. It fits into the pocket and shows interactions with GLU64, ASP174, and PHE93. Its RMSD fluctuates around 0.20 nm and forms two stable H-bonds indicating compound 4 stability. It inhibits cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231, HCC1937, and HCC1395 cell lines, with IC50 values of approximately 2 μM to 10 μM, respectively. Compound 4 did not kill non-malignant epithelial breast cells MCF-10A (IC50 > 27 μM). These results were confirmed by the significant number of apoptotic cells in MDA-MB-231 cells (47.6%) but not in MCF-10A cells (7.3%). Immunoblot analysis provided additional support in the same direction. Discussion: These findings collectively suggest that compound 4 has the potential to effectively eliminate TNBC cells while causing minimal harm to normal breast cells. The promising outcomes of this study lay the groundwork for further testing of compound 4 in other malignancies characterized by ROR1 upregulation, serving as a proof-of-concept for its broader applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradheya R. R. Gupta
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Tram M. Ta
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maryam Khan
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bela Peethambaran
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Langer G, Scott J, Lind C, Otto C, Bothe U, Laux-Biehlmann A, Müller J, le Roy B, Irlbacher H, Nowak-Reppel K, Schlüter A, Davenport AJ, Slack M, Bäurle S. Discovery and In Vitro Characterization of BAY 2686013, an Allosteric Small Molecule Antagonist of the Human Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:105-114. [PMID: 37348913 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor (hPAC1-R), a class B G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) identified almost 30 years ago, represents an important pharmacological target in the areas of neuroscience, oncology, and immunology. Despite interest in this target, only a very limited number of small molecule modulators have been reported for this receptor. We herein describe the results of a drug discovery program aiming for the identification of a potent and selective hPAC1-R antagonist. An initial high-throughput screening (HTS) screen of 3.05 million compounds originating from the Bayer screening library failed to identify any tractable hits. A second, completely revised screen using native human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells yielded a small number of hits exhibiting antagonistic properties (4.2 million compounds screened). BAY 2686013 (1) emerged as a promising compound showing selective antagonistic activity in the submicromolar potency range. In-depth characterization supported the hypothesis that BAY 2686013 blocks receptor activity in a noncompetitive manner. Preclinical, pharmacokinetic profiling indicates that BAY 2686013 is a valuable tool compound for better understanding the signaling and function of hPAC1-R. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the human pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor (hPAC1-R) is of major significance as a therapeutic target with a well documented role in pain signaling, only a very limited number of small-molecule (SMOL) compounds are known to modulate its activity. We identified and thoroughly characterized a novel, potent, and selective SMOL antagonist of hPAC1-R (acting in an allosteric manner). These characteristics make BAY 2686013 an ideal tool for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Langer
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - John Scott
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Christoffer Lind
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Christiane Otto
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Ulrich Bothe
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Alexis Laux-Biehlmann
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Jörg Müller
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Beau le Roy
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Horst Irlbacher
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Katrin Nowak-Reppel
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Anne Schlüter
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Adam J Davenport
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Mark Slack
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
| | - Stefan Bäurle
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany (G.L., U.B., J.M., B.l.R., S.B.); Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany (C.O., A.L.-B.); Innovation Campus Berlin, a Nuvisan Company, Berlin, Germany (H.I., K.N.-R.); Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany (A.S., M.S.); and Evotec (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (J.S., C.L., A.J.D.)
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71
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Zhang Z, Le GNT, Ge Y, Tang X, Chen X, Ejim L, Bordeleau E, Wright GD, Burns DC, Tran S, Axerio-Cilies P, Wang YT, Dong M, Woolley GA. Isomerization of bioactive acylhydrazones triggered by light or thiols. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1285-1295. [PMID: 37308709 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The acylhydrazone unit is well represented in screening databases used to find ligands for biological targets, and numerous bioactive acylhydrazones have been reported. However, potential E/Z isomerization of the C=N bond in these compounds is rarely examined when bioactivity is assayed. Here we analysed two ortho-hydroxylated acylhydrazones discovered in a virtual drug screen for modulators of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and other bioactive hydroxylated acylhydrazones with structurally defined targets reported in the Protein Data Bank. We found that ionized forms of these compounds, which are populated under laboratory conditions, photoisomerize readily and the isomeric forms have markedly different bioactivity. Furthermore, we show that glutathione, a tripeptide involved with cellular redox balance, catalyses dynamic E⇄Z isomerization of acylhydrazones. The ratio of E to Z isomers in cells is determined by the relative stabilities of the isomers regardless of which isomer was applied. We conclude that E/Z isomerization may be a common feature of the bioactivity observed with acylhydrazones and should be routinely analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Giang N T Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linda Ejim
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotics Discovery M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Bordeleau
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotics Discovery M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotics Discovery M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darcy C Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susannah Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Axerio-Cilies
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Yu Tian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - G Andrew Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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72
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Iliev I, Mavrova A, Yancheva D, Dimov S, Staneva G, Nesheva A, Tsoneva I, Nikolova B. 2-Alkyl-Substituted-4-Amino-Thieno[2,3- d]Pyrimidines: Anti-Proliferative Properties to In Vitro Breast Cancer Models. Molecules 2023; 28:6347. [PMID: 37687177 PMCID: PMC10489817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thienopyrimidines are structural analogs of quinazolines, and the creation of new 2-alkyl derivatives of ethyl 4-aminothienopyrimidine-6-carboxylates for the study of their anti-proliferative properties is of great pharmacological interest. Some 2-alkyl-4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines 2-5 were synthesized, and their cyto- and phototoxicity against BALB 3T3 cells were established by an in vitro 3T3 NRU test. The obtained results indicate that the tested compounds are not cytotoxic or phototoxic, and that they are appropriate to be studied for their anti-proliferative and anti-tumor properties. The anti-proliferative potential of the compounds was investigated on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, as well as a MCF-10A cell line (normal human mammary epithelial cells). The most toxic to MCF-7 was thienopyrimidine 3 with IC50 13.42 μg/mL (IC50 0.045 μM), followed by compound 4 (IC50 28.89 μg/mL or IC50 0.11 μM). The thienopyrimidine 4 revealed higher selectivity to MCF-7 and lower activity (IC50 367 μg/mL i.e., 1.4 μM) than compound 3 with MCF-10A cells. With respect to MDA-MB-231 cells, ester 2 manifested the highest effect with IC50 52.56 μg/mL (IC50 0.16 μM), and 2-ethyl derivative 4 revealed IC50 62.86 μg/mL (IC50 0.24 μM). It was estimated that the effect of the substances on the cell cycle progression was due to cell cycle arrest in the G2 stage for MDA-MB-231, while arrest in G1 was detected for the estrogen (ER)-positive MCF-7 cell line. The tested compound's effects on the change of the zeta potential in the tumorigenic cells utilized in this study were determined. The calculation which we performed of the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters influencing the biological activity suggested high intestinal absorption, as well as drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Iliev
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Anelia Mavrova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, S8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Stefan Dimov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, S8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Galya Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Alexandrina Nesheva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Iana Tsoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Biliana Nikolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.N.); (I.T.)
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73
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Alshehri SA, Wahab S, Almoyad MAA. In silico identification of potential protein kinase C alpha inhibitors from phytochemicals from IMPPAT database for anticancer therapeutics: a virtual screening approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37643015 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C alpha (PKCα) is a critical signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Over the years, there has been a growing interest in targeting PKCα as a promising drug target for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Targeting PKCα can, therefore, serve as a potential strategy to prevent cancer progression and enhance the efficacy of conventional anticancer therapies. We conducted a systematic search for promising compounds for their anticancer potential that target PKCα using natural compounds from the IMPPAT database. The initial compounds were screened through various tests, including analysis of their physical and chemical properties, PAINS filter, ADMET analysis, PASS analysis, and specific interaction analysis. We selected those that showed high binding affinity and specificity to PKCα from the screened compounds, and we further analyzed them using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and principal component analysis (PCA). Various systematic parameters from the MDS analyses suggested that the protein-ligand complexes were stabilized throughout the simulation trajectories of 100 nanoseconds (ns). Our findings indicated that compounds Nicandrenone and Withaphysalin D bind to PKCα with high stability and affinity, making them potential candidates for further research in cancer therapeutics innovation in clinical contexts.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Khamis Mushyt, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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74
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Wu X, Krishna Sudhakar H, Alcock LJ, Lau YH. Mannich Base PIP-199 Is a Chemically Unstable Pan-Assay Interference Compound. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11271-11281. [PMID: 37555818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Mannich base PIP-199 is the only reported small-molecule inhibitor of the Fanconi anemia complementation group M-RecQ-mediated genome instability protein (FANCM-RMI), a protein-protein interaction that governs genome instability in the genetic disorders Fanconi anemia and Bloom's syndrome. PIP-199 and analogues with the same indole-derived Mannich base scaffold have been used as tool compounds in diverse biological studies. We report the first published synthesis of PIP-199 and its analogues, demonstrating that PIP-199 immediately decomposes in common aqueous buffers and some organic solvents. Neither PIP-199 nor its more hydrolytically stable analogues show any observable activity in binding and competitive biophysical assays for FANCM-RMI. We conclude that PIP-199 is not an effective tool compound for biological studies and that apparent cellular activity likely arises from the nonspecific toxicity of breakdown products. More generally, apparent inhibitors that share this Mannich scaffold potentially represent a new family of pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) that should be thoroughly assessed for aqueous stability prior to use in biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Eastern Avenue, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Lisa J Alcock
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Eastern Avenue, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Eastern Avenue, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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75
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Henches R, Ozga T, Gao Y, Tu Z, Zhang T, Francis CL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(Tetrazol-5-yl)sulfonylacetamides as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 92:129391. [PMID: 37369331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-(tetrazol-5-yl)sulfonylacetamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium marinum (Mm). The most active compounds exhibited in vitro MIC90 values of 1.25 μg/mL against Mtb, but they were less effective against Mm (MIC90 ≥ 10 μg/mL). Despite the most active compounds having favourable physicochemical properties and one of them having a half-life of ∼3 h when incubated with mouse liver microsomes, two representative highly active compounds showed strong chemical reactivity to cysteine derivatives, as surrogate in vivo sulfur-centred nucleophiles, indicating excessive electrophilicity, and therefore, likely indiscriminate chemical reactivity in vivo, representing an unacceptably high risk of general toxicity, and low likelihood of being therapeutically effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Henches
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Théo Ozga
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yamin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Craig L Francis
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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76
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Hartung IV, Rudolph J, Mader MM, Mulder MPC, Workman P. Expanding Chemical Probe Space: Quality Criteria for Covalent and Degrader Probes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:9297-9312. [PMID: 37403870 PMCID: PMC10388296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Within druggable target space, new small-molecule modalities, particularly covalent inhibitors and targeted degraders, have expanded the repertoire of medicinal chemists. Molecules with such modes of action have a large potential not only as drugs but also as chemical probes. Criteria have previously been established to describe the potency, selectivity, and properties of small-molecule probes that are qualified to enable the interrogation and validation of drug targets. These definitions have been tailored to reversibly acting modulators but fall short in their applicability to other modalities. While initial guidelines have been proposed, we delineate here a full set of criteria for the characterization of covalent, irreversible inhibitors as well as heterobifunctional degraders ("proteolysis-targeting chimeras", or PROTACs) and molecular glue degraders. We propose modified potency and selectivity criteria compared to those for reversible inhibitors. We discuss their relevance and highlight examples of suitable probe and pathfinder compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo V. Hartung
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Global Research & Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Joachim Rudolph
- Discovery
Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mary M. Mader
- Molecular
Innovation, Indiana Biosciences Research
Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana 64202, United States
| | - Monique P. C. Mulder
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Workman
- Centre
for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute
of Cancer Research, London, Sutton SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
- Chemical
Probes Portal, https://www.chemicalprobes.org/
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77
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Wang S, Malebari AM, Greene TF, Kandwal S, Fayne D, Nathwani SM, Zisterer DM, Twamley B, O'Boyle NM, Meegan MJ. Antiproliferative and Tubulin-Destabilising Effects of 3-(Prop-1-en-2-yl)azetidin-2-Ones and Related Compounds in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1000. [PMID: 37513912 PMCID: PMC10385824 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)azetidin-2-one, 3-allylazetidin-2-one and 3-(buta-1,3-dien-1-yl)azetidin-2-one analogues of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) were designed and synthesised as colchicine-binding site inhibitors (CBSI) in which the ethylene bridge of CA-4 was replaced with a β-lactam (2-azetidinone) scaffold. These compounds, together with related prodrugs, were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity, cell cycle effects and ability to inhibit tubulin assembly. The compounds demonstrated significant in vitro antiproliferative activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, particularly for compounds 9h, 9q, 9r, 10p, 10r and 11h, with IC50 values in the range 10-33 nM. These compounds were also potent in the triple-negative breast cancer (TBNC) cell line MDA-MB-231, with IC50 values in the range 23-33 nM, and were comparable with the activity of CA-4. The compounds inhibited the polymerisation of tubulin in vitro, with significant reduction in tubulin polymerization, and were shown to interact at the colchicine-binding site on tubulin. Flow cytometry demonstrated that compound 9q arrested MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase and resulted in cellular apoptosis. The antimitotic properties of 9q in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were also evaluated, and the effect on the organization of microtubules in the cells after treatment with compound 9q was observed using confocal microscopy. The immunofluorescence results confirm that β-lactam 9q is targeting tubulin and resulted in mitotic catastrophe in MCF-7 cells. In silico molecular docking supports the hypothesis that the compounds interact with the colchicine-binding domain of tubulin. Compound 9q is a novel potent microtubule-destabilising agent with potential as a promising lead compound for the development of new antitumour agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Azizah M Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas F Greene
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shubhangi Kandwal
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren Fayne
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seema M Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
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78
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Chupak L, Wichroski M, Zheng X, Ding M, Martin S, Allard C, Shi J, Gentles R, Meanwell NA, Fang J, Tenney D, Tokarski J, Cao C, Wee S. Discovery of Potent, Dual-Inhibitors of Diacylglycerol Kinases Alpha and Zeta Guided by Phenotypic Optimization. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:929-935. [PMID: 37465293 PMCID: PMC10351048 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a phenotypic screening and optimization strategy to discover compounds that block intracellular checkpoint signaling in T-cells. We identified dual DGKα and ζ inhibitors notwithstanding the modest similarity between α and ζ relative to other DGK isoforms. Optimized compounds produced cytokine release and T-cell proliferation consistent with DGK inhibition and potentiated an immune response in human and mouse T-cells. Additionally, lead inhibitor BMS-502 demonstrated dose-dependent immune stimulation in the mouse OT-1 model, setting the stage for a drug discovery program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Chupak
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Wichroski
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiaofan Zheng
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Min Ding
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Scott Martin
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Christopher Allard
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jianliang Shi
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United
States
| | - Robert Gentles
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United
States
| | - Jie Fang
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United
States
| | - Daniel Tenney
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United
States
| | - John Tokarski
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United
States
| | - Carolyn Cao
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United
States
| | - Susan Wee
- Bristol
Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United
States
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79
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Culletta G, Tutone M, Ettari R, Perricone U, Di Chio C, Almerico AM, Zappalà M. Virtual Screening Strategy and In Vitro Tests to Identify New Inhibitors of the Immunoproteasome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10504. [PMID: 37445688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoproteasome inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases. The design of non-covalent inhibitors of the immunoproteasome β1i/β5i catalytic subunits could be a novel approach to avoid the drawbacks of the known covalent inhibitors, such as toxicity due to off-target binding. In this work, we report the biological evaluation of thirty-four compounds selected from a commercially available collection. These hit compounds are the outcomes of a virtual screening strategy including a dynamic pharmacophore modeling approach onto the β1i subunit and a pharmacophore/docking approach onto the β5i subunit. The computational studies were first followed by in vitro enzymatic assays at 100 μM. Only compounds capable of inhibiting the enzymatic activity by more than 50% were characterized in detail using Tian continuous assays, determining the dissociation constant (Ki) of the non-covalent complex where Ki is also the measure of the binding affinity. Seven out of thirty-four hits showed to inhibit β1i and/or β5i subunit. Compound 3 is the most active on the β1i subunit with Ki = 11.84 ± 1.63 µM, and compound 17 showed Ki = 12.50 ± 0.77 µM on the β5i subunit. Compound 2 showed inhibitory activity on both subunits (Ki = 12.53 ± 0.18 and Ki = 31.95 ± 0.81 on the β1i subunit and β5i subunit, respectively). The induced fit docking analysis revealed interactions with Thr1 and Phe31 of β1i subunit and that represent new key residues as reported in our previous work. Onto β5i subunit, it interacts with the key residues Thr1, Thr21, and Tyr169. This last hit compound identified represents an interesting starting point for further optimization of β1i/β5i dual inhibitors of the immunoproteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Culletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ugo Perricone
- Drug Discovery Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Di Chio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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80
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Szal T, Chauhan SS, Lewe P, Rachad FZ, Madre M, Paunina L, Witt S, Parthasarathi R, Windshügel B. Efflux Pump-Binding 4(3-Aminocyclobutyl)Pyrimidin-2-Amines Are Colloidal Aggregators. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1000. [PMID: 37371580 DOI: 10.3390/biom13061000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps are a relevant factor in antimicrobial resistance. In E. coli, the tripartite efflux pump AcrAB-TolC removes a chemically diverse set of antibiotics from the bacterium. Therefore, small molecules interfering with efflux pump function are considered adjuvants for improving antimicrobial therapies. Several compounds targeting the periplasmic adapter protein AcrA and the efflux pump AcrB have been identified to act synergistically with different antibiotics. Among those, several 4(3-aminocyclobutyl)pyrimidin-2-amines have been shown to bind to both proteins. In this study, we intended to identify analogs of these substances with improved binding affinity to AcrA using virtual screening followed by experimental validation. While we succeeded in identifying several compounds showing a synergistic effect with erythromycin on E. coli, biophysical studies suggested that 4(3-aminocyclobutyl)pyrimidin-2-amines form colloidal aggregates that do not bind specifically to AcrA. Therefore, these substances are not suited for further development. Our study emphasizes the importance of implementing additional control experiments to identify aggregators among bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Szal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Science, Constructor University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Shweta Singh Chauhan
- Computational Toxicology Facility, Toxicoinformatics & Industrial Research CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Philipp Lewe
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fatima-Zahra Rachad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Madre
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Paunina
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Susanne Witt
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi
- Computational Toxicology Facility, Toxicoinformatics & Industrial Research CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Björn Windshügel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Science, Constructor University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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81
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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82
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Rudrapal M, Eltayeb WA, Rakshit G, El-Arabey AA, Khan J, Aldosari SM, Alshehri B, Abdalla M. Dual synergistic inhibition of COX and LOX by potential chemicals from Indian daily spices investigated through detailed computational studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8656. [PMID: 37244921 PMCID: PMC10224994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Lipoxygenase (LOX) are essential enzymes for arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosanoids conversion. These AA-derived eicosanoids are essential for initiating immunological responses, causing inflammation, and resolving inflammation. Dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors are believed to be promising novel anti-inflammatory agents. They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs), but have no effect on lipoxin formation. This mechanism of combined inhibition circumvents certain limitations for selective COX-2 inhibitors and spares the gastrointestinal mucosa. Natural products, i.e. spice chemicals and herbs, offer an excellent opportunity for drug discovery. They have proven anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential of a molecule to be a lead/ drug candidate can be much more enhanced if it has the property of inhibition in a dual mechanism. Synergistic activity is always a better option than the molecule's normal biological activity. Herein, we have explored the dual COX/5-LOX inhibition property of the three major potent phytoconsituents (curcumin, capsaicin, and gingerol) from Indian spices using in silico tools and biophysical techniques in a quest to identify their probable inhibitory role as anti-inflammatory agents. Results revealed the dual COX/5-LOX inhibitory potential of curcumin. Gingerol and capsaicin also revealed favorable results as dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors. Our results are substantiated by target similarity studies, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, energy calculations, DFT, and QSAR studies. In experimental inhibitory (in vitro) studies, curcumin exhibited the best dual inhibitory activities against COX-1/2 and 5-LOX enzymes. Capsaicin and gingerol also showed inhibitory potential against both COX and LOX enzymes. In view of the anti-inflammatory potential these spice chemicals, this research could pave the way for more scientific exploration in this area for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to Be University), Guntur, 522213, India.
| | - Wafa Ali Eltayeb
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shendi University, Shendi, 414601, Sudan
| | - Gourav Rakshit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al'Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al'Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sahar M Aldosari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al'Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al'Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al'Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al'Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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83
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Gaudêncio SP, Bayram E, Lukić Bilela L, Cueto M, Díaz-Marrero AR, Haznedaroglu BZ, Jimenez C, Mandalakis M, Pereira F, Reyes F, Tasdemir D. Advanced Methods for Natural Products Discovery: Bioactivity Screening, Dereplication, Metabolomics Profiling, Genomic Sequencing, Databases and Informatic Tools, and Structure Elucidation. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050308. [PMID: 37233502 DOI: 10.3390/md21050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Products (NP) are essential for the discovery of novel drugs and products for numerous biotechnological applications. The NP discovery process is expensive and time-consuming, having as major hurdles dereplication (early identification of known compounds) and structure elucidation, particularly the determination of the absolute configuration of metabolites with stereogenic centers. This review comprehensively focuses on recent technological and instrumental advances, highlighting the development of methods that alleviate these obstacles, paving the way for accelerating NP discovery towards biotechnological applications. Herein, we emphasize the most innovative high-throughput tools and methods for advancing bioactivity screening, NP chemical analysis, dereplication, metabolite profiling, metabolomics, genome sequencing and/or genomics approaches, databases, bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, and three-dimensional NP structure elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Engin Bayram
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Room HKC-202, Hisar Campus, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Lada Lukić Bilela
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mercedes Cueto
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana R Díaz-Marrero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica (IUBO), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Berat Z Haznedaroglu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Room HKC-202, Hisar Campus, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Carlos Jimenez
- CICA- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR Thalassocosmos, 71500 Gournes, Crete, Greece
| | - Florbela Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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84
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Zhao XZ, Wang W, Lountos GT, Kiselev E, Tropea JE, Needle D, Pommier Y, Burke TR. Identification of multidentate tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) inhibitors that simultaneously access the DNA, protein and catalytic-binding sites by oxime diversification. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:334-343. [PMID: 37181631 PMCID: PMC10170656 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00230b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a member of the phospholipase D family that can downregulate the anticancer effects of the type I topoisomerase (TOP1) inhibitors by hydrolyzing the 3'-phosphodiester bond between DNA and the TOP1 residue Y723 in the critical stalled intermediate that is the foundation of TOP1 inhibitor mechanism of action. Thus, TDP1 antagonists are attractive as potential enhancers of TOP1 inhibitors. However, the open and extended nature of the TOP1-DNA substrate-binding region has made the development of TDP1 inhibitors extremely challenging. In this study, starting from our recently identified small molecule microarray (SMM)-derived TDP1-inhibitory imidazopyridine motif, we employed a click-based oxime protocol to extend the parent platform into the DNA and TOP1 peptide substrate-binding channels. We applied one-pot Groebke-Blackburn-Bienayme multicomponent reactions (GBBRs) to prepare the needed aminooxy-containing substrates. By reacting these precursors with approximately 250 aldehydes in microtiter format, we screened a library of nearly 500 oximes for their TDP1 inhibitory potencies using an in vitro florescence-based catalytic assay. Select hits were structurally explored as their triazole- and ether-based isosteres. We obtained crystal structures of two of the resulting inhibitors bound to the TDP1 catalytic domain. The structures reveal that the inhibitors form hydrogen bonds with the catalytic His-Lys-Asn triads ("HKN" motifs: H263, K265, N283 and H493, K495, N516), while simultaneously extending into both the substrate DNA and TOP1 peptide-binding grooves. This work provides a structural model for developing multivalent TDP1 inhibitors capable of binding in a tridentate fashion with a central component situated within the catalytic pocket and extensions that project into both the DNA and TOP1 peptide substrate-binding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhi Zhao
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick MD USA
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - George T Lountos
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD USA
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Joseph E Tropea
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Frederick MD USA
| | - Danielle Needle
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Frederick MD USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick MD USA
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85
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Bührmann M, Kallepu S, Warmuth JD, Wiese JN, Ehrt C, Vatheuer H, Hiller W, Seitz C, Levy L, Czodrowski P, Sievers S, Müller MP, Rauh D. Fragtory: Pharmacophore-Focused Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of an sp 3-Enriched Fragment Library. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6297-6314. [PMID: 37130057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery has played an important role in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research. Despite numerous demonstrated successes, the limited diversity and overrepresentation of planar, sp2-rich structures in commercial libraries often hamper the full potential of this approach. Hence, the thorough design of screening libraries inevitably determines the probability for meaningful hits and subsequent structural elaboration. Against this background, we present the generation of an exclusive fragment library based on iterative entry nomination by a specifically designed computational workflow: "Fragtory". Following a pharmacophore diversity-driven approach, we used Fragtory in an interdisciplinary academic setting to guide both tailored synthesis efforts and the implementation of in-house compounds to build a curated 288-member library of sp3-enriched fragments. Subsequent NMR screens against a model protein and hit validation by protein crystallography led to the identification of structurally novel ligands that were further characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry, demonstrating the applicability of our experimental approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Bührmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Shivakrishna Kallepu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Jonas D Warmuth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Jan N Wiese
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Christiane Ehrt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Helge Vatheuer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Carina Seitz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11/15, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Laura Levy
- Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-Figge-Strasse 76a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Paul Czodrowski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11/15, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Matthias P Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Dortmund 44227, Germany
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86
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Gaddameedi JD, Chou T, Geller BS, Rangarajan A, Swaminathan TA, Dixon D, Long K, Golder CJ, Vuong VA, Banuelos S, Greenhouse R, Snyder MP, Lipchik AM, Gruber JJ. Acetyl-Click Screening Platform Identifies Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Histone Acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1). J Med Chem 2023; 66:5774-5801. [PMID: 37027002 PMCID: PMC10243098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
HAT1 is a central regulator of chromatin synthesis that acetylates nascent histone H4. To ascertain whether targeting HAT1 is a viable anticancer treatment strategy, we sought to identify small-molecule inhibitors of HAT1 by developing a high-throughput HAT1 acetyl-click assay. Screening of small-molecule libraries led to the discovery of multiple riboflavin analogs that inhibited HAT1 enzymatic activity. Compounds were refined by synthesis and testing of over 70 analogs, which yielded structure-activity relationships. The isoalloxazine core was required for enzymatic inhibition, whereas modifications of the ribityl side chain improved enzymatic potency and cellular growth suppression. One compound (JG-2016 [24a]) showed relative specificity toward HAT1 compared to other acetyltransferases, suppressed the growth of human cancer cell lines, impaired enzymatic activity in cellulo, and interfered with tumor growth. This is the first report of a small-molecule inhibitor of the HAT1 enzyme complex and represents a step toward targeting this pathway for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender D. Gaddameedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Tristan Chou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94309
| | - Benjamin S. Geller
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94309
| | - Amithvikram Rangarajan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94309
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Tarun A. Swaminathan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235
| | - Danielle Dixon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235
| | - Katherine Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235
| | - Caiden J. Golder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235
| | - Van A. Vuong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235
| | - Selene Banuelos
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94309
| | - Robert Greenhouse
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94309
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94309
| | - Andrew M. Lipchik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Joshua J. Gruber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235
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87
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Das B, Mathew AT, Baidya ATK, Devi B, Salmon RR, Kumar R. Artificial intelligence assisted identification of potential tau aggregation inhibitors: ligand- and structure-based virtual screening, in silico ADME, and molecular dynamics study. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10645-3. [PMID: 37022608 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, growing, multifactorial disorder affecting millions of people worldwide characterized by cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. The accumulation of tau protein into paired helical filaments is one of the major pathological hallmarks of AD and has gained the interest of researchers as a potential drug target to treat AD. Lately, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the drug discovery process by speeding it up and reducing the overall cost. As a part of our continuous effort to identify potential tau aggregation inhibitors, and leveraging the power of AI, in this study, we used a fully automated AI-assisted ligand-based virtual screening tool, PyRMD to screen a library of 12 million compounds from the ZINC database to identify potential tau aggregation inhibitors. The preliminary hits from virtual screening were filtered for similar compounds and pan-assay interference compounds (the compounds containing reactive functional groups which can interfere with the assays) using RDKit. Further, the selected compounds were prioritized based on their molecular docking score with the binding pocket of tau where the binding pockets were identified using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation. Thirty-three compounds showing good docking scores for all the tau clusters were selected and were further subjected to in silico pharmacokinetic prediction. Finally, top 10 compounds were selected for molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA binding free energy calculations resulting in the identification of UNK_175, UNK_1027, UNK_1172, UNK_1173, UNK_1237, UNK_1518, and UNK_2181 as potential tau aggregation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanuranjan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Alen T Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Anurag T K Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Rahul Rampa Salmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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88
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Acchioni C, Acchioni M, Mancini F, Amendola A, Marsili G, Tirelli V, Gwee CP, Chan KWK, Sandini S, Bisbocci M, Mysara M, ElHefnawi M, Sanchez M, Venturi G, Barreca ML, Manfroni G, Bresciani A, Vasudevan SG, Sgarbanti M. A cellular screening platform, stably expressing DENV2 NS5, defines a novel anti-DENV mechanism of action of Apigenin based on STAT2 activation. Virology 2023; 583:1-13. [PMID: 37060797 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) evasion by Dengue virus (DENV) is key in DENV pathogenesis. The non-structural protein 5 (NS5) antagonizes IFN-I response through the degradation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2). We developed a K562 cell-based platform, for high throughput screening of compounds potentially counteracting the NS5-mediated antagonism of IFN-I signaling. Upon a screening with a library of 1220 approved drugs, 3 compounds previously linked to DENV inhibition (Apigenin, Chrysin, and Luteolin) were identified. Luteolin and Apigenin determined a significant inhibition of DENV2 replication in Huh7 cells and the restoration of STAT2 phosphorylation in both cell systems. Apigenin and Luteolin were able to stimulate STAT2 even in the absence of infection. Despite the "promiscuous" and "pan-assay-interfering" nature of Luteolin, Apigenin promotes STAT2 Tyr 689 phosphorylation and activation, highlighting the importance of screening for compounds able to interact with host factors, to counteract viral proteins capable of dampening innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Acchioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marta Acchioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Mancini
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonello Amendola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Marsili
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Tirelli
- Core Facility Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chin Piaw Gwee
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Kitti Wing-Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Silvia Sandini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Monica Bisbocci
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, IRBM S.p.A., Pomezia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Sciences (CIS), School of Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud ElHefnawi
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatics Group, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Core Facility Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulietta Venturi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bresciani
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, IRBM S.p.A., Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Marco Sgarbanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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89
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Sadeeshkumar H, Balaji A, Sutherland AG, Mootien S, Anthony KG, Breaker RR. Screening for small molecule inhibitors of SAH nucleosidase using an SAH riboswitch. Anal Biochem 2023; 666:115047. [PMID: 36682579 PMCID: PMC11149561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens, it is imperative to identify new targets for antibiotic drug discovery. The S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) nucleosidase enzyme is a promising target for antimicrobial drug development due to its critical functions in multiple bacterial processes including recycling of toxic byproducts of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-mediated reactions and producing the precursor of the universal quorum sensing signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2). Riboswitches are structured RNA elements typically used by bacteria to precisely monitor and respond to changes in essential bacterial processes, including metabolism. Natural riboswitches fused to a reporter gene can be exploited to detect changes in metabolism or in physiological signaling. We performed a high-throughput screen (HTS) using an SAH-riboswitch controlled β-galactosidase reporter gene in Escherichia coli to discover small molecules that inhibit SAH recycling. We demonstrate that the assay strategy using SAH riboswitches to detect the effects of SAH nucleosidase inhibitors can quickly identify compounds that penetrate the barriers of Gram-negative bacterial cells and perturb pathways involving SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sadeeshkumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA
| | - Aparaajita Balaji
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA
| | | | | | - Karen G Anthony
- L2 Diagnostics, LLC, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ronald R Breaker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA.
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90
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Wang J, Shahed-Ai-Mahmud M, Chen A, Li K, Tan H, Joyce R. An Overview of Antivirals against Monkeypox Virus and Other Orthopoxviruses. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4468-4490. [PMID: 36961984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The current monkeypox outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited interest in orthopoxvirus antivirals. Monkeypox belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, which also includes the variola virus, vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus. Two orally bioavailable drugs, tecovirimat and brincidofovir, have been approved for treating smallpox infections. Given their human safety profiles and in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models, both drugs have also been recommended to treat monkeypox infection. To facilitate the development of additional orthopoxvirus antivirals, we summarize the antiviral activity, mechanism of action, and mechanism of resistance of orthopoxvirus antivirals. This perspective covers both direct-acting and host-targeting antivirals with an emphasis on drug candidates showing in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models. We hope to speed the orthopoxvirus antiviral drug discovery by providing medicinal chemists with insights into prioritizing proper drug targets and hits for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Md Shahed-Ai-Mahmud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Angelo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Haozhou Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ryan Joyce
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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91
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Lindberg MF, Deau E, Arfwedson J, George N, George P, Alfonso P, Corrionero A, Meijer L. Comparative Efficacy and Selectivity of Pharmacological Inhibitors of DYRK and CLK Protein Kinases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4106-4130. [PMID: 36876904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) and cdc2-like kinases (CLKs) play a large variety of cellular functions and are involved in several diseases (cognitive disorders, diabetes, cancers, etc.). There is, thus, growing interest in pharmacological inhibitors as chemical probes and potential drug candidates. This study presents an unbiased evaluation of the kinase inhibitory activity of a library of 56 reported DYRK/CLK inhibitors on the basis of comparative, side-by-side, catalytic activity assays on a panel of 12 recombinant human kinases, enzyme kinetics (residence time and Kd), in-cell inhibition of Thr-212-Tau phosphorylation, and cytotoxicity. The 26 most active inhibitors were modeled in the crystal structure of DYRK1A. The results show a rather large diversity of potencies and selectivities among the reported inhibitors and emphasize the difficulties to avoid "off-targets" in this area of the kinome. The use of a panel of DYRKs/CLKs inhibitors is suggested to analyze the functions of these kinases in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Deau
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Jonas Arfwedson
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Nicolas George
- Oncodesign, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal George
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Patricia Alfonso
- Enzymlogic, Qube Technology Park, C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Corrionero
- Enzymlogic, Qube Technology Park, C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
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92
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Balboni B, Rinaldi F, Previtali V, Ciamarone A, Girotto S, Cavalli A. Novel Insights into RAD52’s Structure, Function, and Druggability for Synthetic Lethality and Innovative Anticancer Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061817. [PMID: 36980703 PMCID: PMC10046612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the RAD52 protein has been highlighted as a mediator of many DNA repair mechanisms. While RAD52 was initially considered to be a non-essential auxiliary factor, its inhibition has more recently been demonstrated to be synthetically lethal in cancer cells bearing mutations and inactivation of specific intracellular pathways, such as homologous recombination. RAD52 is now recognized as a novel and critical pharmacological target. In this review, we comprehensively describe the available structural and functional information on RAD52. The review highlights the pathways in which RAD52 is involved and the approaches to RAD52 inhibition. We discuss the multifaceted role of this protein, which has a complex, dynamic, and functional 3D superstructural arrangement. This complexity reinforces the need to further investigate and characterize RAD52 to solve a challenging mechanistic puzzle and pave the way for a robust drug discovery campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Balboni
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Rinaldi
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viola Previtali
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciamarone
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Structural Biophysics and Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.C.); Tel.: +39-010-2896-983 (S.G.); +39-010-2897-403 (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.C.); Tel.: +39-010-2896-983 (S.G.); +39-010-2897-403 (A.C.)
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93
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Kumar M, Tripathi MK, Gupta D, Kumar S, Biswas NR, Ethayathulla AS, Kaur P. N-acetylglucosamine-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase as a novel target for probing potential inhibitor against Leishmania donovani. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1904-1918. [PMID: 35014594 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2025429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania donavani is the causative agent of leishmaniasis, responsible for social and economic disruption, especially in developing countries. Lack of effective drugs with few side effects have necessitated the discovery of newer therapeutic solutions for leishmaniasis. Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) synthesis plays a vital role in protozoan cell membranes structural formation and antigenic modification. Hence, any disruption in its biosynthesis can prove fatal to the parasitic protozoans. N-acetylglucosamine-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase (NAGP-deacetylase) is an enzyme from the GPI biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol to glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol, a step essential for the proper functioning of the enzyme. In the quest for novel scaffolds as anti-leishmaniasis agents, we have executed in silico virtual screening, density function theory, molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA based energy calculations with a natural product library and a diverse library set from Chembridge database. Two compounds, 14671 and 4610, were identified at the enzyme's active site and interacted with catalytic residues, Asp43, Asp44, His41, His147, His 150, Arg80 and Arg231. Both molecules exhibited stable conformation in their protein-ligand complexes with binding free energies for compound-14671 and compound-4610 of -54 ± 4 and -50 ± 4 kcal/mol, respectively. These scaffolds can be incorporated in future synthetic determinations, focusing on developing druggable inhibitor support, increasing potency, and introducing species selectivity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Deepali Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science (IGIMS), Patna, India
| | - A S Ethayathulla
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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94
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Li J, Zhou Y, Eelen G, Zhou QT, Feng WB, Labroska V, Ma FF, Lu HP, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P, Wang MW, Yang DH. A high-throughput screening campaign against PFKFB3 identified potential inhibitors with novel scaffolds. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:680-692. [PMID: 36114272 PMCID: PMC9958033 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of solid tumors depends on tumor vascularization and the endothelial cells (ECs) that line the lumen of blood vessels. ECs generate a large fraction of ATP through glycolysis, and elevation of their glycolytic activity is associated with angiogenic behavior in solid tumors. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) positively regulates glycolysis via fructose-2/6-bisphosphate, the product of its kinase activity. Partial inhibition of glycolysis in tumor ECs by targeting PFKFB3 normalizes the otherwise abnormal tumor vessels, thereby reducing metastasis and improving the outcome of chemotherapy. Although a limited number of tool compounds exist, orally available PFKFB3 inhibitors are unavailable. In this study we conducted a high-throughput screening campaign against the kinase activity of PFKFB3, involving 250,240 chemical compounds. A total of 507 initial hits showing >50% inhibition at 20 µM were identified, 66 of them plus 1 analog from a similarity search consistently displayed low IC50 values (<10 µM). In vitro experiments yielded 22 nontoxic hits that suppressed the tube formation of primary human umbilical vein ECs at 10 µM. Of them, 15 exhibited binding affinity to PFKFB3 in surface plasmon resonance assays, including 3 (WNN0403-E003, WNN1352-H007 and WNN1542-F004) that passed the pan-assay interference compounds screening without warning flags. This study provides potential leads to the development of new PFKFB3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Center for Cancer Biology, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Qing-Tong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Viktorija Labroska
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fen-Fen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201300, China
| | - Hui-Ping Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201300, China
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Center for Cancer Biology, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Center for Cancer Biology, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, 572025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - De-Hua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, 572025, China.
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95
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ElHady AK, El-Gamil DS, Abadi AH, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. An overview of cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) inhibitors and their therapeutic indications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:343-398. [PMID: 36262046 DOI: 10.1002/med.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, Clk1 has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of various diseases, in which deregulated alternative splicing plays a role. First small molecules targeting Clk1 are in clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancer, where variants of oncogenic proteins derived from alternative splicing promote tumor progression. Since many infectious pathogens hi-jack the host cell's splicing machinery to ensure efficient replication, further indications in this area are under investigation, such as Influenza A, HIV-1 virus, and Trypanosoma infections, and more will likely be discovered in the future. In addition, Clk1 was found to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease through causing an imbalance of tau splicing products. Interestingly, homozygous Clk1 knockout mice showed a rather mild phenotype, opposed to what might be expected in view of the profound role of Clk1 in alternative splicing. A major drawback of most Clk1 inhibitors is their insufficient selectivity; in particular, Dyrk kinases and haspin were frequently identified as off-targets, besides the other Clk isoforms. Only few inhibitors were shown to be selective over Dyrk1A and haspin, whereas no Clk1 inhibitor so far achieved selectivity over the Clk4 isoform. In this review, we carefully compiled all Clk1 inhibitors from the scientific literature and summarized their structure-activity relationships (SAR). In addition, we critically discuss the available selectivity data and describe the inhibitor's efficacy in cellular models, if reported. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current state of Clk1 drug discovery and highlight the most promising chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K ElHady
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia S El-Gamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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96
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Grossman S, Fishwick CWG, McPhillie MJ. Developments in Non-Intercalating Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Allosteric and ATPase Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:261. [PMID: 37259406 PMCID: PMC9964621 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in antibiotic usage and antimicrobial resistance occurrence have caused a dramatic reduction in the effectiveness of many frontline antimicrobial treatments. Topoisomerase inhibitors including fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a range of infections, which stabilise a topoisomerase-DNA cleavage complex via intercalation of the bound DNA. However, these are subject to bacterial resistance, predominantly in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the active site. Significant research has been undertaken searching for novel bioactive molecules capable of inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases at sites distal to the fluoroquinolone binding site. Notably, researchers have undertaken searches for anti-infective agents that can inhibit topoisomerases through alternate mechanisms. This review summarises work looking at the inhibition of topoisomerases predominantly through non-intercalating agents, including those acting at a novel allosteric site, ATPase domain inhibitors, and those offering unique binding modes and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Grossman
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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97
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Zephyr J, Rao DN, Johnson C, Shaqra AM, Nalivaika EA, Jordan A, Kurt Yilmaz N, Ali A, Schiffer CA. Allosteric quinoxaline-based inhibitors of the flavivirus NS2B/NS3 protease. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106269. [PMID: 36446201 PMCID: PMC10155214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Viruses from the Flavivirus genus infect millions of people worldwide and cause severe diseases, including recent epidemics of dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). There is currently no antiviral treatment against flavivirus infections, despite considerable efforts to develop inhibitors against essential viral enzymes including NS2B/NS3 protease. Targeting the flavivirus NS2B/NS3 protease proved to be challenging because of the conformational dynamics, topology, and electrostatic properties of the active site. Here, we report the identification of quinoxaline-based allosteric inhibitors by fragment-based drug discovery approach as a promising new drug-like scaffold to target the NS2B/NS3 protease. Enzymatic assays and mutational analysis of the allosteric site in ZIKV NS2B/NS3 protease support noncompetitive inhibition mechanism as well as engineered DENV protease construct indicating the compounds likely compete with the NS2B cofactor for binding to the protease domain. Furthermore, antiviral activity confirmed the therapeutic potential of this new inhibitor scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueto Zephyr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Desaboini Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Colby Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Ala M Shaqra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Ellen A Nalivaika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Aria Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Nese Kurt Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
| | - Celia A Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
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98
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Enzyme Inhibitors from Gorgonians and Soft Corals. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020104. [PMID: 36827145 PMCID: PMC9963996 DOI: 10.3390/md21020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, gorgonians and soft corals have been considered promising sources of bioactive compounds, attracting the interest of scientists from different fields. As the most abundant bioactive compounds within these organisms, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids have received the highest coverage in the scientific literature. However, enzyme inhibitors, a functional class of bioactive compounds with high potential for industry and biomedicine, have received much less notoriety. Thus, we revised scientific literature (1974-2022) on the field of marine natural products searching for enzyme inhibitors isolated from these taxonomic groups. In this review, we present representative enzyme inhibitors from an enzymological perspective, highlighting, when available, data on specific targets, structures, potencies, mechanisms of inhibition, and physiological roles for these molecules. As most of the characterization studies for the new inhibitors remain incomplete, we also included a methodological section presenting a general strategy to face this goal by accomplishing STRENDA (Standards for Reporting Enzymology Data) project guidelines.
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99
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Computational Approaches to Enzyme Inhibition by Marine Natural Products in the Search for New Drugs. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020100. [PMID: 36827141 PMCID: PMC9961086 DOI: 10.3390/md21020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of biologically relevant chemical space for the discovery of small bioactive molecules present in marine organisms has led not only to important advances in certain therapeutic areas, but also to a better understanding of many life processes. The still largely untapped reservoir of countless metabolites that play biological roles in marine invertebrates and microorganisms opens new avenues and poses new challenges for research. Computational technologies provide the means to (i) organize chemical and biological information in easily searchable and hyperlinked databases and knowledgebases; (ii) carry out cheminformatic analyses on natural products; (iii) mine microbial genomes for known and cryptic biosynthetic pathways; (iv) explore global networks that connect active compounds to their targets (often including enzymes); (v) solve structures of ligands, targets, and their respective complexes using X-ray crystallography and NMR techniques, thus enabling virtual screening and structure-based drug design; and (vi) build molecular models to simulate ligand binding and understand mechanisms of action in atomic detail. Marine natural products are viewed today not only as potential drugs, but also as an invaluable source of chemical inspiration for the development of novel chemotypes to be used in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry research.
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100
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Park S, Kye S, Jung ME, Chae CH, Yang K, Kim S, Choi G, Lee K. Discovery of TRD‐93 as a novel
DRAK2
inhibitor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Park
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon South Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology University of Science & Technology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Seungmin Kye
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon South Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology University of Science & Technology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Myoung Eun Jung
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Chong Hak Chae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon South Korea
| | | | | | - Gildon Choi
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon South Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology University of Science & Technology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon South Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology University of Science & Technology Daejeon South Korea
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