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Liu X, Wu L, Kümmel S, Richnow HH. Characterizing the biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexanes in wheat using compound-specific stable isotope analysis and enantiomer fraction analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124301. [PMID: 33144013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) are persistent organic pollutants being responsible for environmental contamination worldwide. In order to characterize transformation of HCHs in different plant compartments during uptake, a hydroponic experimental setup was designed using wheat as the test plant. The extent of transformation was determined by using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantiomer fraction (EF) analysis. In nutrient solutions, no change of carbon (δ13C) and chlorine isotope ratios (δ37Cl) of α-HCH and β-HCH was detected throughout the experiment indicating no transformation there. In wheat leaves, stems and roots, however, transformation of α-HCH due to a C‒Cl bond cleavage was indicated by increasing δ13C and δ37Cl compared to the nutrient solution. In addition, 1,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene (PCCH) was identified as the major metabolite of α-HCH transformation. For β-HCH, in contrast, no transformation was detected. The evaluation of enantiomer fraction analysis revealed no change of the EF(-) in the nutrient solution or on root surface but a decrease in the wheat compartments, providing an evidence for the preferential biological transformation of (-)α-HCH in wheat. The current study provides the first experimental evidence for biotransformation of α-HCH in wheat using CSIA and EF and provides a concept to evaluate processes during phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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52
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Fernández-López C, Posada-Baquero R, García JL, Castilla-Alcantara JC, Cantos M, Ortega-Calvo JJ. Root-mediated bacterial accessibility and cometabolism of pyrene in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143408. [PMID: 33243519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Partial transformation of pollutants and mobilization of the produced metabolites may contribute significantly to the risks resulting from biological treatment of soils polluted by hydrophobic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Pyrene, a four-ringed PAH, was selected here as a model pollutant to study the effects of sunflower plants on the bacterial accessibility and cometabolism of this pollutant when located at a spatially distant source within soil. We compared the transformation of passively dosed 14C-labeled pyrene in soil slurries and planted pots that were inoculated with the bacterium Pseudomonas putida G7. This bacterium combines flagellar cell motility with the ability to cometabolically transform pyrene. Cometabolism of this PAH occurred immediately in the inoculated and shaken soil slurries, where the bacteria had full access to the passive dosing devices (silicone O-rings). Root exudates did not enhance the survival of P. putida G7 cells in soil slurries, but doubled their transport in column tests. In greenhouse-incubated soil pots with the same pyrene sources instead located centimeters from the soil surface, the inoculated bacteria transformed 14C-labeled pyrene only when the pots were planted with sunflowers. Bacterial inoculation caused mobilization of 14C-labeled pyrene metabolites into the leachates of the planted pots at concentrations of approximately 1 mg L-1, ten times greater than the water solubility of the parent compound. This mobilization resulted in a doubled specific root uptake rate of 14C-labeled pyrene equivalents and a significantly decreased root-to-fruit transfer rate. Our results show that the plants facilitated bacterial access to the distant pollutant source, possibly by increasing bacterial dispersal in the soil; this increased bacterial access was associated with cometabolism, which contributed to the risks of biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fernández-López
- University Centre of Defense at the Spanish Air Force Academy, Santiago de la Ribera, Spain
| | - Rosa Posada-Baquero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis García
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Cantos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
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53
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Wang F, Li X, Yu S, He S, Cao D, Yao S, Fang H, Yu Y. Chemical factors affecting uptake and translocation of six pesticides in soil by maize (Zea mays L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124269. [PMID: 33144009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of residual pesticides in a soil by a certain crop plant may be governed by their physicochemical properties. Uptake and translocation of pesticides (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, tricyclazole, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole and difenoconazole) with the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) ranging from 0.57 to 4.36 were investigated in soil with maize as a model plant. The results show that all tested pesticides in soil were uptaken by maize with accumulation amount of 27.73, 17.75, 18.96, 12.56, 10.66 and 2.13 μg for imidacloprid, acetamiprid, tricyclazole, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole and difenoconazole at 14 d, respectively. The accumulation amount was negatively correlated with adsorption coefficients and positively correlated with pesticide concentration in in situ pore water (CIPW). Root bioconcentration factor varied widely from 0.61 for imidacloprid to 974.64 for difenoconazole was positively correlated with log Kow and molecular weight but negatively with water solubility. Conversely, translocation factor varied from 0 for difenoconazole to 1.64 for imidacloprid was negatively correlated with log Kow but positively with water solubility. It determined that uptake, accumulation and translocation of the pesticides in soil by maize are governed by their physicochemical properties, especially log Kow. CIPW is an appropriate candidate to evaluate the accumulation of pesticides in maize from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sumei Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuhong He
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Duantao Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shijie Yao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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54
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Brunetti G, Kodešová R, Švecová H, Fér M, Nikodem A, Klement A, Grabic R, Šimůnek J. On the Use of Mechanistic Soil-Plant Uptake Models: A Comprehensive Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the Translocation of Carbamazepine in Green Pea Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2991-3000. [PMID: 33587851 PMCID: PMC8023655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Food contamination is a major worldwide risk for human health. Dynamic plant uptake of pollutants from contaminated environments is the preferred pathway into the human and animal food chain. Mechanistic models represent a fundamental tool for risk assessment and the development of mitigation strategies. However, difficulty in obtaining comprehensive observations in the soil-plant continuum hinders their calibration, undermining their generalizability and raising doubts about their widespread applicability. To address these issues, a Bayesian probabilistic framework is used, for the first time, to calibrate and assess the predictive uncertainty of a mechanistic soil-plant model against comprehensive observations from an experiment on the translocation of carbamazepine in green pea plants. Results demonstrate that the model can reproduce the dynamics of water flow and solute reactive transport in the soil-plant domain accurately and with limited uncertainty. The role of different physicochemical processes in bioaccumulation of carbamazepine in fruits is investigated through Global Sensitivity Analysis, which shows how soil hydraulic properties and soil solute sorption regulate transpiration streams and bioavailability of carbamazepine. Overall, the analysis demonstrates the usefulness of mechanistic models and proposes a comprehensive numerical framework for their assessment and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Brunetti
- Institute
for Soil Physics and Rural
Water Management, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Faculty
of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science
and Soil Protection, Czech University of
Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- Faculty
of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center
of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Faculty
of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science
and Soil Protection, Czech University of
Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Faculty
of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science
and Soil Protection, Czech University of
Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Faculty
of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science
and Soil Protection, Czech University of
Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- Faculty
of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center
of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šimůnek
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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55
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Sima MW, Jaffé PR. A critical review of modeling Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the soil-water environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143793. [PMID: 33303199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their health effects and the recalcitrant nature of their CF bonds, Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are widely investigated for their distribution, remediation, and toxicology in ecosystems. However, very few studies have focused on modeling PFAS in the soil-water environment. In this review, we summarized the recent development in PFAS modeling for various chemical, physical, and biological processes, including sorption, volatilization, degradation, bioaccumulation, and transport. PFAS sorption is kinetic in nature with sorption equilibrium commonly quantified by either a linear, the Freundlich, or the Langmuir isotherms. Volatilization of PFAS depends on carbon chain length and ionization status and has been simulated by a two-layer diffusion process across the air water interface. First-order kinetics is commonly used for physical, chemical, and biological degradation processes. Uptake by plants and other biota can be passive and/or active. As surfactants, PFAS have a tendency to be sorbed or concentrated on air-water or non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL)-water interfaces, where the same three isotherms for soil sorption are adopted. PFAS transport in the soil-water environment is simulated by solving the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) that is coupled to PFAS sorption, phase transfer, as well as physical, chemical, and biological transformations. As the physicochemical properties and concentration vary greatly among the potentially thousands of PFAS species in the environment, systematic efforts are needed to identify models and model parameters to simulate their fate, transport, and response to remediation techniques. Since many process formulations are empirical in nature, mechanistic approaches are needed to further the understanding of PFAS-soil-water-plant interactions so that the model parameters are less site dependent and more predictive in simulating PFAS remediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Sima
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Peter R Jaffé
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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56
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Habibul N, Hu YY, Hu Y, Sheng GP. Alkyl chain length affecting uptake of imidazolium based ionic liquids by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123376. [PMID: 32652424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) have been extensively used in the various industrial fields, however, the dependence of their structure on toxicity and bioavailability by plants is not clear. Thus, in this study, uptake of imidazolium based ILs with different alkyl chain lengths (e.g., [C2mim]+ and [C8mim]+) by ryegrass and their toxicity to plant growth were investigated. Results show that the two ILs could be removed by ryegrass with high efficiencies, and a higher uptake efficiency and accumulation was observed for [C2mim]+ with shorter chain length compared with that for [C8mim]+. A higher growth inhibition of ryegrass by [C8mim]+ was observed compared with that by [C2mim]+, indicating the long alkyl chain length of ILs had a negative effect on the plant growth. ILs taken up by ryegrass was retained in the roots and their translocation from roots to shoots was restricted. The IL concentration in roots was 0.68 mg/g-fresh weight for [C2mim]+ and 0.08 mg/g- fresh weight for [C8mim]+ when the ryegrass was exposed to 10 mg/L ILs. This study proved that plant assimilation of ILs depended on their alky chain lengths, which would be useful for understanding the fate of ILs with various structures in phytoremediation for ILs-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzahat Habibul
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan-Yun Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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57
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Ju C, Li X, He S, Shi L, Yu S, Wang F, Xu S, Cao D, Fang H, Yu Y. Root Uptake of Imidacloprid and Propiconazole Is Affected by Root Composition and Soil Characteristics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15381-15389. [PMID: 33320669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Residual pesticides in soil may be taken up by crops and negatively affect food safety. The uptake mechanism of imidacloprid and propiconazole was studied using wheat roots. The factors affecting root uptake were also studied with different crops and in different soils. Imidacloprid and propiconazole were taken up by wheat roots mainly through the symplastic and apoplastic pathways, respectively. Root protein and lipid contents were the main factors affecting the uptake and accumulation of imidacloprid and propiconazole by different crop roots, respectively. The uptake of imidacloprid and propiconazole in soil by wheat plants was linearly correlated with their concentrations in soil pore water, which were governed by soil characteristics. These results are helpful for understanding and estimating crop uptake of residual pesticides in soils.
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58
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Shariq L, McLaughlin MC, Rehberg RA, Miller H, Blotevogel J, Borch T. Irrigation of wheat with select hydraulic fracturing chemicals: Evaluating plant uptake and growth impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:116402. [PMID: 33482460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oilfield flowback and produced water (FPW) is a waste stream that may offer an alternative source of water for multiple beneficial uses. One practice gaining interest in several semi-arid states is the reuse of FPW for agricultural irrigation. However, it is unknown if the reuse of FPW on edible crops could increase health risks from ingestion of exposed food, or impact crop growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using wheat (Triticum aestivum) to investigate the uptake potential of select hydraulic fracturing additives known to be associated with health risks. The selected chemicals included acrylamide, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), diethanolamine, and tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). Mature wheat grain was extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ) to quantify chemical uptake. Plant development observations were also documented to evaluate impacts of the chemicals on crop yield. Analytical results indicated that TMAC and diethanolamine had significantly higher uptake into both wheat grain and stems than control plants which were not exposed to the four chemicals under investigation. Acrylamide was measured in statistically higher concentrations in the stems only, while DDAC was not detected in grain or stems. Growth impacts included lodging in treated wheat plants due to increased stem height and grain weight, potentially resulting from increased nitrogen application. While analytical results show that uptake of select hydraulic fracturing chemicals in wheat grain and stems is measurable, reuse of FPW for irrigation in real world scenarios would likely result in less uptake because water would be subject to natural degradation, and often treatment and dilution practices. Nonetheless, based on the outstanding data gaps associated with this research topic, chemical specific treatment and regulatory safeguards are still recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey Shariq
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Molly C McLaughlin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1320 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Rachelle A Rehberg
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1872 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Hannah Miller
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jens Blotevogel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1320 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1320 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1872 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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59
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Simmer R, Mathieu J, da Silva MLB, Lashmit P, Gopishetty S, Alvarez PJJ, Schnoor JL. Bioaugmenting the poplar rhizosphere to enhance treatment of 1,4-dioxane. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140823. [PMID: 32721670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a highly mobile and persistent groundwater pollutant that often forms large dilute plumes. Because of this, utilizing aggressive pump-and-treat and ex-situ technologies such as advanced oxidation can be prohibitively expensive. In this study, we bioaugmented the poplar rhizosphere with dioxane-degrading bacteria Mycobacterium dioxanotrophicus PH-06 or Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 to enhance treatment of 1,4-dioxane in bench-scale experiments. All treatments tested removed 10 mg/L dioxane to near health advisory levels (<4 μg/L). However, PH-06-bioaugmented poplar significantly outperformed all other treatments, reaching <4 μg/L in only 13 days. Growth curve experiments confirmed that PH-06 could not utilize root extract as an auxiliary carbon source for growth. Despite this limitation, our findings suggest that PH-06 is a strong bioaugmentation candidate to enhance the treatment of dioxane by phytoremediation. In addition, we confirmed that CB1190 could utilize both 1,4-dioxane and root extract as substrates. Finally, we demonstrated the large-scale production of these two strains for use in the field. Overall, this study shows that combining phytoremediation and bioaugmentation is an attractive strategy to treat dioxane-contaminated groundwater to low risk-based concentrations (~1 μg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Simmer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Jacques Mathieu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcio L B da Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip Lashmit
- Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, Office for the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, University of Iowa Research Park, The University of Iowa, Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Sridhar Gopishetty
- Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, Office for the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, University of Iowa Research Park, The University of Iowa, Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jerald L Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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60
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Ibrahim N, El Afandi G. Evaluation of the phytoremediation uptake model for predicting heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) from the soil using Nerium oleander L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38120-38133. [PMID: 32621188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was carried out during two seasons (spring and autumn) of the year 2015, in El-Max (industrial zone) and Antoniadis park (control zone), Alexandria, Egypt. Nerium oleander L. plants has been used in this experiment because of its capability to remediate heavy metals (HMs) from the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Phytoremediation Uptake Model (UPM) in predicting the uptake of HMs (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn)) from the soil. UPM was used to estimate the contribution of various pathways in the remediation of these HMs through different parts, leaves, stem, and root. Besides, it includes soil-root-leaf and soil-leaf pathways and its deposition. The performance of the UPM has been examined using many statistical calculations tools (Person correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RSME %), mean bias error (MB %), and Willmott index of agreement degree (d)). The results showed a high harmony between the UPM predictions and the experiment. Moreover, most R2 values are ranged mostly between 0.97 and 0.99 during the spring and the autumn in the study areas. Therefore, the correlation is very strong between the measured and the predicted HMs concentrations. In addition, the less value of RMSE% (0.13) was obtained in the lower parts of the plant, while the greatest value was observed in leaf model (42.53). Also, the values of MB% were acceptable and within the range between 3.01 and 10.41. In addition, the values of the Willmott index of the agreement were within the acceptable range (0.80 to 0.97). Thus, one may conclude that the UPM has proved a high performance in estimating the uptake and removal of different concentrations of HMs from soil under different spatial and temporal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Ibrahim
- Department of Botanical Gardens Research, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Gamal El Afandi
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA.
- Astronomy and Meteorology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
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61
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Luo C, Hu B, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang G. Distribution and Chiral Signatures of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Soils and Vegetables around an e-Waste Recycling Site. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10542-10549. [PMID: 32916050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and composition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) within soil-plant systems around a notorious e-waste recycling site were investigated. The average total PCB concentrations in rhizospheric soils (RSs) and nonrhizospheric soils (NRSs) were 2160 and 1270 pg g-1 dry weight (DW), respectively. PCBs were more enriched in RS than NRS for most vegetable species. PCB accumulation in plant tissues varied greatly among plant cultivars, ranging from 4020 to 14 500 pg g-1 DW in shoots and from 471 to 24 400 pg g-1 DW in roots. The compositions of PCBs in soil and plants showed that hexa- and hepta-chlorinated PCBs were preferentially accumulated in soils, while tri- and tetra-PCBs were abundant in plant tissues. These results indicated that low-chlorinated PCBs might be prone to accumulation and transfer within plants, which was confirmed by the relationship between the root concentration factor and octanol-water coefficient. The first eluting enantiomers of PCB 84 and PCB 95 were preferentially transferred between the soil and plants, while the stereoselectivity of PCB 136 varied among plant species. A significant difference in enantiomeric fractionation of PCB 84 between the soil and roots indicated that enantiomeric enhancement of PCB 84 occurred during its translocation from soil to root, whereas no such difference was observed in these chiral PCBs during their translocation from the root to the shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Beibei Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaorui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Ibrahim N, El Afandi G. Phytoremediation uptake model of heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Zn) in soil using Nerium oleander. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04445. [PMID: 32695916 PMCID: PMC7364036 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an important and effective tool to remove different contaminations in the soil, water and air. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of phytoremediation using one species of shrubs, Nerium oleander plants, on reducing the heavy metals (HMs) contamination in the soil. The present study was carried out during 2015 in El-Dakhyla (industrial zone), Alexandria Egypt. A simple Uptake Plant Model (UPM) was used to estimate the contribution of various pathways in remediating ((Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn)) through different parts, in one of the evergreen shrubs (leaves, stem and root). These include soil-root-leaf pathway, soil-air-leaf pathway, and its deposition. The model calculations revealed that the (Root concentration Factor) log RCF of the root equals 0.5, 0.41, and 0.45, respectively. The Translocation Stem Concentration Factor (TSCF) of the upward in the xylem equals 0.85, 0.98 and 0.99. Moreover, the Bioaccumulation Factors (log BCF) of the soil is 1.32, 0.014 and 0.061. In addition, the partition coefficient of Octanol-Water (log Kow) is 4.67, 2.75, and 3.35, respectively. Therefore, one may conclude that Pb was accumulated in the root, while Cd and Zn were concentrated in the aerial parts of the Nerium oleander plant. On the other hand, Pb considered one of the heavy metals where it's movement in the plants is slower than Cd and Zn due to its molecular weight is bigger than the latter HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Ibrahim
- Department of Botanical Gardens Research, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt.,College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Gamal El Afandi
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.,Astronomy and Meteorology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Liu X, Wu L, Kümmel S, Merbach I, Lal R, Richnow HH. Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis and Enantiomer Fractionation to Characterize the Transformation of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers in a Soil-Wheat Pot System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8690-8698. [PMID: 32543837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The uptake by plants from soil is one of the first steps for hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers to enter the food web. However, the HCH transformation associated with the uptake process is still not well understood. Therefore, a soil-wheat pot experiment was conducted to characterize the HCH transformation during wheat growth using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantiomer fractionation. The results showed that the δ13C and δ37Cl values of β-HCH remained stable in soil and wheat, revealing no transformation. In contrast, an increase of δ13C and δ37Cl values of α-HCH indicated its transformation in soil and wheat. A shift of the enantiomer fraction (EF) (-) from 0.50 to 0.35 in soil at the jointing stage and 0.35 to 0.57 at the harvest stage suggested that the preferential transformation of enantiomers varied at different growth stages. Based on the dual element isotope analysis, the transformation mechanism in the soil-wheat system was different from that in wheat in hydroponic systems. The high abundance of HCH degraders, Sphingomonas sp. and Novosphingobium sp., was detected in the α-HCH-treated rhizosphere soil, supporting the potential for biotransformation. The application of CSIA and EF allows characterizing the transformation of organic pollutants such as HCHs in the complex soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Merbach
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06102 Halle, Germany
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Gredelj A, Nicoletto C, Polesello S, Ferrario C, Valsecchi S, Lava R, Barausse A, Zanon F, Palmeri L, Guidolin L, Bonato M. Uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in hydroponically grown red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.): Growth and developmental toxicity, comparison with growth in soil and bioavailability implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137333. [PMID: 32146391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have shown a high potential for plant (crop) uptake, making them possibly significant contributors to the total dietary exposure to PFAAs. The plant uptake of PFAAs is a complex process that needs better characterization, as it does not only depend on perfluoroalkyl chain length, but also on their polar terminal group, on the plant species and the exposure media. Here, a plant uptake study with nine perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) was carried out under the hydroponic (soilless) exposure conditions. Red chicory was grown in a nutrient solution, spiked with PFAAs mixture at three different concentrations (i.e. 62.5, 125 and 250 μg/L), in order to extend the range of levels tested and reported in the literature so far. Bioaccumulation metrics and transpiration stream concentration factors (TSCFs) were employed for the plant uptake characterization and consequent comparison with the results of soil uptake experiment we previously performed with the same crop. The results showed that calculated root concentration factors (RCFs) increase with PFAA chain length, while the opposite chain length dependence was present for shoots. Plants from two treatments with the highest PFAAs concentrations manifested physiological changes (discoloration, inhibited roots and leaves growth), despite of the used exposure concentrations being much lower than previously published phytotoxicity thresholds. A comparison among RCFs and TSCFs derived from hydroponic and from the soil experiment has emphasized their different magnitudes and PFAAs chain length dependence patterns. They could not be ascribed only to soil sorption as a process decreasing PFAAs bioavailability for plants, but also to developmental differences between the root systems formed in soil and in nutrient solution and to the potential competitive PFAAs sorption to roots in hydroponics. The interchangeable use of bioaccumulation and translocation parameters derived in hydroponic and soil systems would lead to erroneous conclusions and plant uptake predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gredelj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Carlo Nicoletto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Polesello
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Claudia Ferrario
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Roberto Lava
- ARPAV (Regional Environmental Agency of Veneto), Via Lissa 6, 30174 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Alberto Barausse
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Zanon
- ARPAV (Regional Environmental Agency of Veneto), Via Lissa 6, 30174 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Luca Palmeri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Guidolin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bonato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
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65
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Ju C, Dong S, Zhang H, Yao S, Wang F, Cao D, Xu S, Fang H, Yu Y. Subcellular distribution governing accumulation and translocation of pesticides in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126024. [PMID: 32004891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root uptake, translocation, and subcellular distribution of six pesticides (dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, imazethapyr, propiconazole, and chlorpyrifos) with Kow ranging from -0.549 to 4.7 were investigated in wheat to study transportation and accumulation of pesticides. The root bioconcentration factor (RCF) of pesticides decreased with water solubility (R2 = 0.6121) and increased with hydrophobicity (when the pH-adjusted log Kow > 2, R2 = 0.925), respectively. The translocation of neutral pesticides from roots to shoots increased positively with water solubility (R2 > 0.6484) but decreased with hydrophobicity (R2 > 0.8039). The subcellular fraction concentration factor (SFCF) increased linearly with hydrophobicity of the tested pesticides (R2 > 0.958). The log RCF was positively correlated with log SFCF in root cell walls (R2 = 0.9894) and organelles (R2 = 0.9786). Transportation of the pesticides from roots to stems and stems to leaves was adversely affected by the log SFCF of cell walls and organelles of roots (R2 > 0.7997) and stems (R2 > 0.6666), respectively. Hydrophobicity-dependent SFCF is a factor governing accumulation of pesticides in roots after uptake and their subsequent upward translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ju
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Suxia Dong
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shijie Yao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Feiyan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Duantao Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shiji Xu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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66
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Ilyas H, Masih I, van Hullebusch ED. Pharmaceuticals' removal by constructed wetlands: a critical evaluation and meta-analysis on performance, risk reduction, and role of physicochemical properties on removal mechanisms. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:253-291. [PMID: 32589615 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive and critical analysis of the removal of pharmaceuticals (PhCs), the governing physicochemical properties, and removal mechanisms in constructed wetlands (CWs). The average removal efficiency of the most widely studied 34 PhCs ranges from 21% to 93%, with the exception of one PhC that exhibited negative removal. Moreover, CWs are effective in significantly reducing the environmental risk caused by many PhCs. Based on risk assessment, 12 PhCs were classified under high risk category (oxytetracycline > ofloxacin > sulfamethoxazole > erythromycin > sulfadiazine > gemfibrozil > ibuprofen > acetaminophen > salicylic acid > sulfamethazine > naproxen > clarithromycin), which could be considered for regular monitoring, water quality standard formulation and control purposes. Biodegradation (aerobic and anaerobic) is responsible for the removal of the majority of PhCs, often in conjunction with other mechanisms (e.g., adsorption/sorption, plant uptake, and photodegradation). The physicochemical properties of molecules play a pivotal role in the elimination processes, and could serve as important predictors of removal. The correlation and multiple linear regression analysis suggest that organic carbon sorption coefficient (Log Koc), octanol-water distribution coefficient (Log Dow), and molecular weight form a good predictive linear regression model for the removal efficiency of PhCs (R2 = 0.65, P-value <0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Ilyas
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France E-mail: ; Water Treatment and Management Consultancy, B.V., 2289 ED Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ilyas Masih
- IHE Delft, Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Water Treatment and Management Consultancy, B.V., 2289 ED Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France E-mail:
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67
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Ilyas H, van Hullebusch ED. Performance comparison of different types of constructed wetlands for the removal of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14342-14364. [PMID: 32157544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive and critical comparison of four types of constructed wetlands (CWs): free water surface CW (FWSCW), vertical flow CW (VFCW), horizontal flow CW (HFCW), and hybrid CW (HCW) for the removal of 29 pharmaceuticals (PhCs) and 19 transformation products (TPs) using a global data compiled for 247 CWs reported in 63 peer-reviewed journal papers. Biodegradation (aerobic being more efficient than anaerobic) is the major removal mechanism for 16 out of 29 PhCs besides the influence of other processes (e.g., adsorption/sorption, plant uptake, and photodegradation). The HCW performed better followed by VFCW, HFCW, and FWSCW. The comparatively better removal in HCW might be due to the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and longer hydraulic retention time considering more than one compartment enhances the removal of PhCs (e.g., diclofenac, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, trimethoprim, and atenolol), which are removed under both conditions and adsorption/sorption processes. The augmentation in dissolved oxygen by the application of artificial aeration improved the removal of PhCs, which are degraded under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, the better performance of aerated CWs could be due to the establishment of various microenvironments with different physicochemical conditions (aerobic and anaerobic), which facilitated the contribution of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways in the removal of PhCs. The removal of some of the PhCs takes place by the formation of their TPs and the nature of these TPs (persistent or non-biodegradable/biodegradable) plays a major role in their removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Ilyas
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France.
- Water Treatment and Management Consultancy, B.V, 2289 ED, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
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Schriever C, Lamshoeft M. Lipophilicity matters - A new look at experimental plant uptake data from literature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136667. [PMID: 32019028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peer-reviewed Transpiration Stream Concentration Factor (TSCF) values were analysed to elucidate whether pH-induced changes in lipophilicity can explain some of the variability in reported TSCF and whether a potential relationship between lipophilicity and TSCF can be described by a simple mathematical model. The data set for this investigation combined TSCF values of 42 non-ionisable and ionisable compounds from hydroponic tests with intact plants and publicly available lipophilicity data for the tested compounds. The data set was not homogenous in terms of molecular weight of the tested compounds, plant species used for testing and experimental conditions, but a strong effect of one of these factors on variation in reported TSCF was not detected. Variation in TSCF was high for the same or similar predicted octanol/water partitioning coefficient (log P) but could be reduced by considering octanol/water distribution coefficients (log D) instead. The TSCF data set was split into a training and a test data set in order to identify and test a best-fit model describing the relationship between log D and TSCF. Comparing different types of models (linear, sigmoidal, Gaussian), the Gaussian model fitted to the training data set after removal of two outliers was identified as best-fit model based on visual assessment and fit statistics (RMSE = 0.20, NSE = 0.57, R = 0.75 (p < 0.001)). The 95% confidence interval around the best-fit model contained about 70% of data points in the training set and the test set, respectively. In conclusion, compound lipophilicity expressed as log D is a more appropriate descriptor of uptake by plant roots and subsequent translocation than log P when ionisable compounds are considered. Furthermore, findings in this study suggest that a relationship exists between log D and TSCF for uptake tests with intact plants which can be described by a simple bell-shaped Gaussian model.
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70
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Gredelj A, Polesel F, Trapp S. Model-based analysis of the uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from soil into plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125534. [PMID: 32050335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) bioaccumulate in crops, with uptake being particularly high for short-chain PFAAs that are constantly transported with transpiration water to aerial plant parts. Due to their amphiphilic surfactant nature and ionized state at environmental pH, predicting the partitioning behavior of PFAAs is difficult and subject to considerable uncertainty, making experimental data highly desirable. Here, we applied a plant uptake model that combines advective flux with measured partition coefficients to reproduce the set of empirically derived plant uptake and soil-partitioning data for nine PFAAs in red chicory, in order to improve the mechanistic understanding and provide new insights into the complex uptake processes. We introduced a new parameter for retarded uptake (R) to explain the slow transfer of PFAA across biomembranes of the root epidermis, which has led to low transpiration stream concentration factors (TSCFs) presented in literature so far. We estimated R values for PFAAs using experimental data derived for red chicory and used the modified plant uptake model to simulate uptake of PFAA into other crops. Results show that this semi-empirical model predicted PFAAs transport to shoots and fruits with good accuracy based on experimental root to soil concentration factors (RCFdw) and soil to water partition coefficients (Kd) as well as estimated R values and plant-specific data for growth and transpiration. It can be concluded that the combination of rather low Kd with high RCFdw and the absence of any relevant loss are the reason for the observed excellent plant uptake of PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gredelj
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, DK-2800, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Fabio Polesel
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, DK-2800, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; DHI A/S, Agern Allé 5, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, DK-2800, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
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Beltrán EM, Pablos MV, Fernández Torija C, Porcel MÁ, González-Doncel M. Uptake of atenolol, carbamazepine and triclosan by crops irrigated with reclaimed water in a Mediterranean scenario. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110171. [PMID: 31958626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a natural condition in the Mediterranean rim countries. In this region, reuse of reclaimed water (RW) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is becoming a potential source for highly water-demanding activities such as agriculture. However, the removal capacity of contaminants in regular WWTPs has been found to be limited. Considering a Mediterranean scenario, this research investigated the plant uptake and translocation of three representative pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) typically present in RW samples from a WWTP located in an urban area in Spain, and assessed the potential risk to humans from plant consumption. The RW samples were collected and analyzed for three representative PPCPs (atenolol -ATN-, carbamazepine -CBZ- and triclosan -TCS-). The target contaminants were also spiked at two levels in the RW samples to consider two worst-case scenarios. Three plant models (lettuce, maize and radish) were grown outdoors and irrigated with four treatments: tap water; RW samples, and the two spiked RW samples. Generally speaking, results revealed an efficient root uptake for the three PPCPs regardless of plant species and fortification level, and suggested an interaction effect of treatment and plant organ. Different bioaccumulation and translocation potentials of the three PPCPs were seen into the aerial organs of the plants. Overall, these observations support the idea that factors including the physico-chemical properties of the PPCPs and physiological plant variables, could be responsible for the differential accumulation and translocation potentials observed. These variables could be critical for crops irrigated with RW in regions with extended dry seasons, high solar incidence and low annual rainfall such as those in the Mediterranean rim where plants are subjected to high transpiration rates. However, the results obtained from this experimental approach suggested a negligible risk to humans from consumption of edible plants irrigated with RW samples with presence of PPCPs, despite the fact that the three representative PPCPs under study accumulated efficiently in the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia María Beltrán
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Victoria Pablos
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández Torija
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Porcel
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Doncel
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Liu K, Zhang D, Xiao X, Cui L, Zhang H. Occurrence of quinotone antibiotics and their impacts on aquatic environment in typical river-estuary system of Jiaozhou Bay, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:109993. [PMID: 31869715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a data gap on occurrence and transport of antibiotics in river-estuary system, with limited understanding of their impact on aquatic environment. To gain insight into the antibiotic pollution in river-estuary system, 22 surface sediments and 5 wetland plants from Yang River and its estuary in Jiaozhou Bay were selected to explore the occurrence and transport of eight quinotone antibiotics (QNs), and their impacts on aquatic environment. Our results indicated that QNs were widely present in the sediments from Yang River and its estuary, with a range of 1.34-8.69 ng/g (average 4.46 ng/g) in Yang River and 0.99-10.86 ng/g (average 3.92 ng/g) in its estuary, respectively. No obvious correlations were observed between QNs values and TOC contents in sediments from our study area, due to low detective concentrations and frequencies of QNs. The mass loading of individual antibiotic from Yang River to its estuary was from 11.73 to 391.59 g/year, far below those from the other estuarine regions all over the world. QNs were observed in all five wetland plants, demonstrating that QNs contaminants could be taken up by wetland plants and providing the evidence that phytoremediation could be a feasible way to remove contaminants. Negative partial coefficients between individual antibiotic and brassicasterol biomarker suggested the presence of QNs inhibited the phytoplankton growth. Evaluation of ecological risk based on the values of risk quotients (RQs) showed that OFL in Yang River displayed medium risk for algae, and CIP and OFL in its estuary also displayed medium risk value for plant and algae. The results could provide powerful basis on controlling river antibiotics pollution to enhance rivers-estuary security in similar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education /Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Daolai Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xiaotong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education /Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Lijuan Cui
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education /Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Yan Y, Pengmao Y, Xu X, Zhang L, Wang G, Jin Q, Chen L. Migration of antibiotic ciprofloxacin during phytoremediation of contaminated water and identification of transformation products. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 219:105374. [PMID: 31862549 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an effective and environmentally friendly approach to treat antibiotic contaminated water, however, the mechanisms of migration and transformation of antibiotics in plant tissues are still far from clear. In this study, the floating macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes was exposed to a series of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) concentrations. The results showed that the CIP was taken up and accumulated in the roots, which were the major accumulative tissue. CIP content increased with lipid content. During cultivation, the root bioconcentration factor (RCF) gradually increased. The average CIP content detected in aerial parts was 12.80 μg g-1, an order of magnitude lower than in the roots. At low CIP concentrations, the highest leaf bioconcentration factor (LCF) and transfer factor (TF) indicated highly efficient translocation from roots to aerial parts. The soluble protein growth rate of leaves, which is associated with metabolic activity, increased following CIP exposure. Overall, eight major transformation products in E. crassipes tissues were identified, and three possible transformation pathways were proposed involving the processes of desethylation, dehydroxylation, oxidation, hydroxylation and cleavage of the piperazine and quinoline rings. These findings could prove beneficial for improving the management or amelioration methods used for treating water contaminated with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yangzang Pengmao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qiu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liangang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
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74
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Fletcher J, Willby N, Oliver DM, Quilliam RS. Phytoremediation Using Aquatic Plants. CONCEPTS AND STRATEGIES IN PLANT SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00099-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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75
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Bigott Y, Khalaf DM, Schröder P, Schröder PM, Cruzeiro C. Uptake and Translocation of Pharmaceuticals in Plants: Principles and Data Analysis. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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76
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Oltmanns J, Licht O, Bohlen ML, Schwarz M, Escher SE, Silano V, MacLeod M, Noteborn HPJM, Kass GEN, Merten C. Potential emerging chemical risks in the food chain associated with substances registered under REACH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:105-120. [PMID: 31790114 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A screening procedure for the identification of potential emerging chemical risks in the food and feed chain developed in a previous EFSA-sponsored pilot study was applied to 15021 substances registered under the REACH Regulation at the time of evaluation. Eligible substances were selected from this dataset by excluding (a) intermediates handled under strictly controlled conditions, (b) substances lacking crucial input data and (c) compounds considered to be outside the applicability domain of the models used. Selection of eligible substances resulted in a considerable reduction to 2336 substances. These substances were assessed and scored for environmental release (tonnage and use information from REACH registration dossiers), biodegradation (predictions from BIOWIN models 3, 5 and 6 evaluated in a battery approach), bioaccumulation in food/feed (ACC-HUMANsteady modelling) and chronic human health hazards (classification according to the CLP Regulation for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity and repeated dose toxicity as well as IARC classification for carcinogenicity). Prioritisation based on the scores assigned and additional data curation steps identified 212 substances that are considered potential emerging risks in the food chain. Overall, 53% of these substances were prioritised due to chronic hazards identified in REACH registrations dossiers only (i.e. hazards not identified in classifications from other sources). Bioaccumulation in food and feed predicted on the basis of ACC-HUMANsteady modelling identified many substances that are not considered bioaccumulative in aquatic or terrestrial organisms based on screening criteria of the relevant ECHA guidance documents. Furthermore, 52% of the priority substances have not yet been assessed for their presence in food/feed by EU regulatory agencies. This finding and illustrative examples suggest that the screening procedure identified substances that have the potential to be emerging chemical risks in the food chain. Future research should investigate whether they actually represent emerging chemical risks as defined in EFSA's mandate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oltmanns
- Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH (FoBiG), Klarastraße 63, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - O Licht
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - M-L Bohlen
- Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH (FoBiG), Klarastraße 63, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - M Schwarz
- Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH (FoBiG), Klarastraße 63, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - S E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - V Silano
- European Food Safety Authority, Standing Working Group on Emerging Risks, via Carlo Magno 1/a, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - M MacLeod
- European Food Safety Authority, Standing Working Group on Emerging Risks, via Carlo Magno 1/a, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - H P J M Noteborn
- European Food Safety Authority, Standing Working Group on Emerging Risks, via Carlo Magno 1/a, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - G E N Kass
- European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, via Carlo Magno 1/a, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - C Merten
- European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, via Carlo Magno 1/a, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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77
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Fu Q, Malchi T, Carter LJ, Li H, Gan J, Chefetz B. Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products: From Wastewater Treatment into Agro-Food Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14083-14090. [PMID: 31725273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) and application of biosolids introduce numerous pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) into agro-food systems. While the use of TWW and biosolids has many societal benefits, introduction of PPCPs in production agriculture poses potential food safety and human health risks. A comprehensive risk assessment and management scheme of PPCPs in agro-food systems is limited by multiple factors, not least the sheer number of investigated compounds and their diverse structures. Here we follow the fate of PPCPs in the water-soil-produce continuum by considering processes and variables that influence PPCP transfer and accumulation. By analyzing the steps in the soil-plant-human diet nexus, we propose a tiered framework as a path forward to prioritize PPCPs that could have a high potential for plant accumulation and thus pose greatest risk. This article examines research progress to date and current research challenges, highlighting the potential value of leveraging existing knowledge from decades of research on other chemicals such as pesticides. A process-driven scheme is outlined to derive a short list that may be used to refocus our future research efforts on PPCPs and other analogous emerging contaminants in agro-food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuguo Fu
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Tomer Malchi
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences , Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Laura J Carter
- Environment Department , University of York , Heslington , York , U.K. YO10 5DD
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , U.K
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences , Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
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78
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Role of Design and Operational Factors in the Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Constructed Wetlands. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the role of design, operational, and physicochemical parameters of constructed wetlands (CWs) in the removal of pharmaceuticals (PhCs). The correlation analysis demonstrates that the performance of CWs is governed by several design and operational factors (area, depth, hydraulic loading rate, organic loading rate, and hydraulic retention time), and physicochemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH); the removal efficiency of about 50% of the examined PhCs showed a significant correlation with two or more factors. Plants contributed significantly in the removal of some of the PhCs by direct uptake and by enhancing the process of aerobic biodegradation. The use of substrate material of high adsorption capacity, rich in organic matter, and with high surface area enhanced the removal of PhCs by adsorption/sorption processes, which are the major removal mechanisms of some PhCs (codeine, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, oxytetracycline, carbamazepine, and atenolol) in CWs. Although the removal of almost all of the studied PhCs showed seasonal differences, statistical significance was established in the removal of naproxen, salicylic acid, caffeine, and sulfadiazine. The effective PhCs removal requires the integrated design of CWs ensuring the occurrence of biodegradation along with other processes, as well as enabling optimal values of design and operational factors, and physicochemical parameters.
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79
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Yu X, Liu X, Liu H, Chen J, Sun Y. The accumulation and distribution of five antibiotics from soil in 12 cultivars of pak choi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113115. [PMID: 31476671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of understanding about the potential accumulation of antibiotics in plants exposed to low-dose contaminated soil. 12 Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis cultivars were used to investigate the different accumulation capacities of sulfamethoxypyridazine, tetracycline, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and difloxacin from the soil. The results showed a significant variation (p < 0.05) among the 12 cultivars in the accumulation of antibiotics. Cultivars Y1 and Y2 had the highest accumulation capacity with average concentrations of 3.26 and 3.00 μg kg-1, respectively, while cultivars Y4 and Y9 had the lowest accumulation capacity with average concentrations of 0.83 and 0.89 μg kg-1. The average antibiotic concentration in all edible part samples (2.74 μg kg-1) of the treatment group was about 3.0-fold of that of the control group (0.93 μg kg-1). The average bioconcentration factors of sulfamethoxypyridazine, tetracycline, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and difloxacin were 0.051, 0.031, 0.017, 0.036 and 0.034, respectively, indicating a higher uptake of sulfamethoxypyridazine compared to ofloxacin. And the mobility of antibiotics in soil is a main factor affecting the bioavailability for plants. The average concentration of antibiotics in edible parts of cultivar Y12 on the 25th and 45th day were 1.52 and 1.73 μg kg-1 and that of the roots were 3.73 and 6.61 μg kg-1, respectively. The concentrations of tetracycline and difloxacin in the edible parts and roots significantly increased with growing time, while the concentration of sulfamethoxypyridazine and ofloxacin changed little throughout the growing period. The potential risks of antibiotics in vegetables on human health cannot be ignored. Overall, attention should be paid to the translocation of antibiotics from soil to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Beijing Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, Test and Supervision Center of Agro-Environmental Quality, MOA, Beijing, 100029, PR China; Environmental Factors Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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80
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Yan Y, Xu X, Shi C, Yan W, Zhang L, Wang G. Ecotoxicological effects and accumulation of ciprofloxacin in Eichhornia crassipes under hydroponic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30348-30355. [PMID: 31435908 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues pose a threat to the health of aquatic organisms. The effects and accumulation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) in a floating macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes) under hydroponic conditions were investigated. It was found that E. crassipes exposure to CIP (< 1000 μg L-1) could maintain a stable photosynthesis efficiency. In response to CIP stress, catalase and peroxidase activities of leaves were 7.24-37.51 nmol min-1 g-1 and 98.46-173.16 U g-1, respectively. The presence of CIP did not inhibit the growth of the plant. After 14 days of exposure, tender leaves became white and withered, ascribed to the decline of chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The CIP concentrations, absorbed by E. crassipes, were highest in the roots, followed by white aerial parts and green aerial parts at CIP concentrations of 100 and 1000 μg L-1. These findings demonstrated that E. crassipes could absorb and tolerate CIP in a limited time-scale and imply an alternative solution for phytoremediation in water bodies contaminated with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, 1, Wenyuan Road, Xianlin University District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, 1, Wenyuan Road, Xianlin University District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfei Shi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, 1, Wenyuan Road, Xianlin University District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yan
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, 1, Wenyuan Road, Xianlin University District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, 1, Wenyuan Road, Xianlin University District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, 1, Wenyuan Road, Xianlin University District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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81
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Zhao S, Liang T, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu T, Fu J, Wang B, Zhan J, Liu L. Fate of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) based on hydroponic culture: Uptake, translocation and biotransformation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:804-812. [PMID: 31200206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) is currently used as an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and is widely detected in the environment. The uptake, translocation and biotransformation of 6:2 FTSA in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) were investigated by hydroponic exposure for the first time. The root concentration factor (RCF) of 6:2 FTSA was 2.6-24.2 times as high as those of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) of the same or much shorter carbon chain length, demonstrating much higher bioaccumulative ability of 6:2 FTSA in pumpkin roots. The translocation capability of 6:2 FTSA from root to shoot depended on its hydrophobicity. Six terminal perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) metabolites, including perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were found in pumpkin roots and shoots. PFHpA was the primary metabolite in roots, while PFBA was the major product in shoots. 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a cytochromes P450 (CYPs) suicide inhibitor, could decrease the concentrations of PFCA products with dose-dependent relationships in pumpkin tissues, implying the role of CYP enzymes involved in plant biotransformation of 6:2 FTSA. This study indicated that the application of 6:2 FTSA can lead to the occurrence of PFCAs (C2-C7) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China.
| | - Tiankun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Bohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
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82
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Treatment of Organic Matter and Tetracycline in Water by Using Constructed Wetlands and Photocatalysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9132680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of a bench-scale simulated constructed wetland (CW) to remove organic matter (OM) and tetracycline (TC) from water was examined. The performance of CW was evaluated by varying the initial concentrations of the target compounds and the hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Findings showed that OM removal efficiencies were 55.2–80.8%, 28.1–71.9% and 72.1–79.7% for ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV-254), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) respectively, under 1 day-HRT, whereas higher initial DOC concentration achieved better removal efficiencies. Changing from 1 day-HRT to 2 day-HRT, the removal efficiency of OMs remained practically unchanged, while that of NH3-N increased considerably, from 61.7% to 73.0%, implying that the removal of ammonia in CW needs a longer time for complete treatment. CW also showed an excellent performance in removing TC, especially in the first two hours of operation through the absorption process. In addition, the findings from this research revealed an improvement in effluent water quality when photocatalysis (TiO2/α-Al2O3, with ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation) was used as the post-treatment following CW, presented by the increase in removal efficiency of OMs of the combined system compared to that of CW alone. This study points to the possible and promising application of the low-cost water treatment system for dealing with OMs and TC in water.
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83
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Wang S, Cui Y, Li A, Zhang W, Wang D, Ma J. Fate of antibiotics in three distinct sludge treatment wetlands under different operating conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:443-451. [PMID: 30933800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sludge treatment wetlands (STWs) have recently been used to treat surplus sludge. However, the distribution of antibiotics involved in the process has not been comprehensively investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the fate of two antibiotics, i.e., ciprofloxacin (CIP) and azithromycin (AZM) in STWs during the treatment of surplus sludge. Three pilot-scale STWs units-S1 with aeration tubes, S2 with aeration tubes and reed planting, and S3 with reed planting-were constructed and operated under feeding followed by resting periods. The results showed that antibiotic content in residual sludge decreased over time and unit S2 performed the best in terms of antibiotic removal. Planting reed considerably improved the antibiotic removal performance of the STWs. Biodegradation and absorption resulted in removal of most of the antibiotics in the test units. Less than 2% of the antibiotics was taken up by plants, whereas <5% of the influent antibiotics left the STW units through the drainage discharge. Overall, STW units contributed to effectively decrease CIP and AZM to 41-72% and 49-84%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Wang
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yubo Cui
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junwen Ma
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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84
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Ju C, Zhang H, Yao S, Dong S, Cao D, Wang F, Fang H, Yu Y. Uptake, Translocation, and Subcellular Distribution of Azoxystrobin in Wheat Plant ( Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6691-6699. [PMID: 31135152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The uptake mechanism, translocation, and subcellular distribution of azoxystrobin (5 mg kg-1) in wheat plants was investigated under laboratory conditions. The wheat-water system reached equilibrium after 96 h. Azoxystrobin concentrations in roots were much higher than those in stems and leaves under different exposure times. Azoxystrobin uptake by roots was highly linear at different exposure concentrations, while the bioconcentration factors and translocation factors were independent of the exposed concentration at the equilibrium state. Dead roots adsorbed a larger amount of azoxystrobin than fresh roots, which was measured at different concentrations. Azoxystrobin preferentially accumulated in organelles, and the highest distribution proportion was detected in the soluble cell fractions. This study elucidated that the passive transport and apoplastic pathway dominated the uptake of azoxystrobin by wheat roots. Azoxystrobin primarily accumulated in roots and could be acropetally translocated, but its translocation capacity from roots to stems was limited. Additionally, the uptake and distribution of azoxystrobin by wheat plants could be predicted well by a partition-limited model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ju
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Shijie Yao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Suxia Dong
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Duantao Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Feiyan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
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85
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Wang Q, Zhao H, Xu L, Wang Y. Uptake and translocation of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) by hydroponically grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:683-689. [PMID: 30878008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing load of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) has generated wide concerns about their potential residues in aquatic environments. The uptake and translocation of fourteen OPFRs by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied under hydroponic conditions. The results revealed that OPFRs were removed from hydroponic solution by wheat, and the removal processes followed first-order kinetics. After 10 days, the removal efficiencies were in a range of 57.9 ± 3.8%-63.8 ± 5.6%. The potential for translocation of these OPFRs from the roots to foliage was also assessed. OPFRs with relatively higher hydrophobicity were more likely taken up by roots, and OPFRs with lower hydrophobicity were more prone to be translocated. Root concentration factors (RCFs), transpiration stream concentration factors (TSCFs), and foliage/root concentration factors (FRCFs) were calculated. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between RCF, FRCF or TSCF values of OPFRs and log Kow (p < 0.05), and translocation of OPFRs depended on their physicochemical properties. The findings of this study develop better understanding of accumulation and translocation of OPFRs in plants, which is valuable for environmental and human health assessments of such kind of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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86
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Namiki S, Seike N, Watanabe E. Physiological disorder of plants depending on clopyralid concentration in the soil and plant. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2019; 44:136-140. [PMID: 31148940 PMCID: PMC6529748 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d19-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of clopyralid in soil on plant growth was investigated over time using three plants. The order of clopyralid sensitivity was as follows: Solanum lycopersicum>Solanum melongena>Momordica charantia, especially physiological disorder of S. lycopersicum were rapidly expressed as various serious symptoms with increasing concentration of clopyralid. In contrast, the clopyralid concentration of above-ground part was in the following order: M. charantia>S. lycopersicum, S. melongena, which differed from the order of sensitivity to clopyralid.
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87
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Patel M, Kumar R, Kishor K, Mlsna T, Pittman CU, Mohan D. Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3510-3673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 827] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kishor
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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88
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Wu X, Zhu L. Prediction of organic contaminant uptake by plants: Modified partition-limited model based on a sequential ultrasonic extraction procedure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:124-130. [PMID: 30537650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the translocation of organic contaminants to plants is crucial to ensure the quality of agricultural goods and assess the risk of human exposure through the food web. In this study, the performance of a modified plant uptake model was evaluated considering a number of chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), with a range of physicochemical properties; different plant species (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk (swamp morning glory), Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (crown daisy), Zea mays L. (corn), Brassica rapa pekinensis (Chinese cabbage), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Raphanus sativus L. (radish), Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) and Capsicum annuum L. (pepper)); and different types of soil (paddy soil, laterite soil and black soil). The biases of predictions from a previously used partition-limited model were -76.4% to -99.9% relative to the measured concentrations. An overall transmission factor (αtf=0.39), calculated from a linear regression of the measured bioavailable fraction (Cbio) and the total concentration in plants, was considered a crucial modification and was included in the modified model. Cbio was found to better represent the chemical content available in soil for root uptake. The results from this study improve the accuracy of predictions for vegetation-uptake assessments by modifying the partition-limited model and then validating the modified model using comparisons between predicted data and measured values. The accuracy of the concentrations of organic contaminants in plants improved: when using the modified model, 89.5% of the predictions were within 40% of the actual value. The average bias was limited to 1.5%-30.5%. The model showed great potential to predict plant uptake using the bioavailable fraction concentration in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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89
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Namiki S, Seike N, Motoki Y. Relationship between growth stage of Brassica rapa var. perviridis and the abilities for uptake and translocation of pesticides in soil. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2019; 44:1-8. [PMID: 30846904 PMCID: PMC6399001 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between plant growth stage and pesticide-uptake ability were investigated via cultivation of Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis in soil to which was added four pesticides of relatively high log K OW: fenobucarb, procymidone, flutolanil, and tolclofos-methyl. The root concentrations of pesticides were low in very young seedlings with undeveloped root systems, highest in seedlings with developed root systems, and tended to decrease until the usual harvesting stage. Additionally, the shoot concentrations of tested pesticides showed the same trends as the roots. The pesticide-uptake abilities of roots were lowest in very young seedlings and then constant for seedlings until the harvesting stage. In contrast, the pesticide-translocation abilities from root to shoot were constant regardless of growth stage. The results indicated that changes in shoot concentrations with growth stage were affected by the development of the root system and pesticide-uptake ability of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Namiki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Seike
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
| | - Yutaka Motoki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
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90
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Bagheri M, Al-Jabery K, Wunsch DC, Burken JG. A deeper look at plant uptake of environmental contaminants using intelligent approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:561-569. [PMID: 30245412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of contaminants from the groundwater is one pathway of interest, and efforts have been made to relate root exposure to transloation throughout the plant, termed the transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF). This work utilized machine learning techniques and statistcal analysis to improve the understanding of plant uptake and translocation of emerging contaminants. Neural network (NN) was used to develop a reliable model for predicting TSCF using physicochemical properties of compounds. Fuzzy logic was as a technique to examine the simultaneous impact of properties on TSCF, and interactions between compound properties. The significant and effective compound properties were determined using stepwise and forward regression as two widely used statiscal techniques. Clustering was used for detecting the hidden structures in the plant uptake data set. The NN predicted the TSCF with improved accuracy compared to mechanistic models. We also delivered new insight to compound properteis and their importance in transmembrane migration. The sensitivity analysis indicated that log Kow, molecular weight, hydrogen bond donor, and rotatable bonds are the most important properties. The results of fuzzy logic demonstrated that the relationship between molecular weight and log Kow with TSCF are both bell-shape and sigmoidal. The employed clustering algorithms all discovered two major distinct clusters in the data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Bagheri
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Khalid Al-Jabery
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Donald C Wunsch
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Joel G Burken
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States.
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91
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Franks CG, Pearce DW, Rood SB. A prescription for drug-free rivers: uptake of pharmaceuticals by a widespread streamside willow. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 63:136-147. [PMID: 30421133 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Following human excretion and limited removal with wastewater treatment, pharmaceuticals are accumulating in rivers worldwide. These chemicals can challenge the health of fish and aquatic organisms and since rivers provide drinking water sources, there is concern for cumulative exposure to humans. In this study, we discovered that sandbar willow (Salix exigua), a predominant riparian shrub along streams throughout North America, has the capacity to quickly remove pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions. Our study tracked [3H]- or [14C]-labeled substances including 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen in oral contraceptives; the antihypertensive, diltiazem (DTZ); and the anti-anxiety drug, diazepam (DZP); and for comparison, atrazine (ATZ), a root-absorbed herbicide. In growth chambers, willow saplings removed 40-80% of the substances from solutions in 24 h. Following uptake, the EE2 and DTZ were retained within the roots, while DZP and ATZ were partly passed on to the shoots. The absorbed EE2 was unextractable and apparently bound to the root tissue, while DTZ, DZP, and ATZ remained largely soluble (extractable). The uptake and translocation of the pharmaceuticals, reflected in the transpiration stream and root concentration factors, were reasonably predicted from their physicochemical properties, including octanol-water partitioning coefficients. These findings suggest the removal of pharmaceuticals as an unrecognized ecosystem service provided by riparian vegetation and especially the inundation tolerant sandbar willow. This encourages the conservation of riparian willows that line riverbanks, to remove pharmaceuticals and other contaminants. This phytoremediation also encourages the preservation of complex, braided channels and islands, which increase the extent of stream shorelines and riparian willows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen G Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - David W Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stewart B Rood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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92
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Sivaram AK, Subashchandrabose SR, Logeshwaran P, Lockington R, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Metabolomics reveals defensive mechanisms adapted by maize on exposure to high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:771-780. [PMID: 30296765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are an important group of persistent organic pollutants. Using plants to remediate PAHs has been recognized as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique. However, the overall impact of PAHs on the regulation of plant metabolism has not yet been explored. In this study, we analyzed the alteration in the maize (Zea mays L.) metabolome on exposure to high molecular weight PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and pyrene (PYR) in a hydroponic medium, individually and as a mixture (BaP + PYR) using GC-MS. The differences in the metabolites were analyzed using XCMS (an acronym for various forms (X) of chromatography-mass spectrometry), an online-based data analysis tool. A significant variation in metabolites was observed between treatment groups and the unspiked control group. The univariate, multivariate and pathway impact analysis showed there were more significant alterations in metabolic profiles between individual PAHs and the mixture of BaP and PYR. The marked changes in the metabolites of galactose metabolism and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis in PAHs treated maize leaves exhibit the adaptive defensive mechanisms for individual and PAHs mixture. Therefore, the metabolomics approach is essential for an understanding of the complex biochemical responses of plants to PAHs contaminants. This knowledge will shed new light in the field of phytoremediation, bio-monitoring, and environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh Ramraj Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Robin Lockington
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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93
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Namiki S, Otani T, Motoki Y, Seike N. The influence of Brassica rapa var. perviridis growth conditions on the uptake and translocation of pesticides. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2018; 43:248-254. [PMID: 30479545 PMCID: PMC6240782 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We cultivated Brassica rapa var. perviridis in soil mixed with four pesticides (fenobucarb, procymidone, flutolanil, and tolclofos-methyl) at different temperatures, day lengths, and soil water contents. We compared plants' uptake and translocation abilities of the pesticides as affected by growth conditions. The root concentration factor (RCF) of pesticides tended to increase with rising temperature; however, but the influence of temperature on the transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) differed for each pesticide. The RCFs and TSCFs of pesticides were high for short days. The soil water content had little or no effect on the uptake and translocation of pesticides. These results showed that it is necessary to consider growth conditions, especially the temperature and day length in plant uptake models for these pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Namiki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
| | - Takashi Otani
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
| | - Yutaka Motoki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Seike
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
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94
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Ando D, Fujisawa T, Katagi T. Metabolism of the Strobilurin Fungicide Mandestrobin in Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10154-10162. [PMID: 30205687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic fate of a new fungicide, mandestrobin, labeled with 14C at the phenoxy or benzyl ring was examined in wheat after a single spray application at 300 g/ha. Mandestrobin penetrated into foliage over time, with both radiolabels showing similar 14C distribution in wheat, and 2.8-3.3% of the total radioactive residue remained on the surface of straw at the final harvest. In foliage, mandestrobin primarily underwent mono-oxidation at the phenoxy ring to produce 4-hydroxy or 2-/5-hydroxymethyl derivatives, followed by their subsequent formation of malonylglucose conjugates. In grain, the cleavage of its benzyl phenyl ether bond was the major metabolic reaction, releasing the corresponding alcohol derivative, while the counterpart 2,5-dimethylphenol was not detected. The constant RS enantiomeric ratio of mandestrobin showed its enantioselective metabolism to be unlikely on/in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ando
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 4-2-1, Takarazuka , Hyogo 665-8555 , Japan
| | - Takuo Fujisawa
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 4-2-1, Takarazuka , Hyogo 665-8555 , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Katagi
- Bioscience Research Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 3-1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku , Osaka-city, Osaka 554-8558 , Japan
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95
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Zhou H, Liu X, Chen X, Ying T, Ying Z. Characteristics of removal of waste-water marking pharmaceuticals with typical hydrophytes in the urban rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1291-1302. [PMID: 29913591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The investigations on their variation and distribution of 13 called waste-water marking pharmaceuticals (WWMPs) were conducted under 4 hydrophyte conditions (without plants, with submerged aquatic plant (Myriophyllum verticillatum L.), emergent aquatic plant cattail (Typha orientalis Presl) and floating aquatic plant (Lemna minor L.)) in a simulated urban river system. By the calculation of mass balance, the quantitative distribution of WWMPs in water phase, sediment and plant tissues was identified, and the overall removal efficiencies of target pharmaceuticals in the whole system could be determined. Without plants, high persistence of atenolol (ATL) (97.7%), carbamazepine (CBM) (102.8%), clofibric acid (CLF) (101.8%) and ibuprofen (IBU) (80.9%) was detected in water phase, while triclosan (TCS) (53.5%) displayed strong adsorption affinity in sediment. The removal under the planted conditions was considerably raised, compared with no plant condition for most WWMPs. However, TCS did not show obvious differences among the hydrophyte conditions due to its strong adsorption affinity and high hydrophobicity. The relatively higher removal was found for the hydrophilic (logKow<1) or moderately hydrophobic (1<logKow<3) pharmaceuticals with submerged and emergent aquatic plants. The highly hydrophobic pharmaceuticals (logKow>4.0) did not show significant differences among the whole tests in sediment. Mass balance calculation displayed the removal of CBM (5.6%-13.6%), CLF (4.0%-17.8%) and caffeine (8.4%-17.2%) through the plant uptake was relatively higher. For the rest WWMPs, only small parts (<6.0%) of the initial concentrations were found in plant tissues. The higher removal efficiencies of most WWMPs under the planted conditions indicated that aquatic plants indeed played an important role in the removal of WWMPs although the direct uptakes might not be a dominant pathway to the overall removal of WWMPs. Besides, the floating aquatic plant removed most WWMPs from the water phase efficiently. In contrast, submerged and emergent aquatic plants could effectively remove them in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Tianqi Ying
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhenxi Ying
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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96
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Goldstein M, Malchi T, Shenker M, Chefetz B. Pharmacokinetics in Plants: Carbamazepine and Its Interactions with Lamotrigine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6957-6964. [PMID: 29787250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine and lamotrigine prescribed antiepileptic drugs are highly persistent in the environment and were detected in crops irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. This study reports pharmacokinetics of the two drugs and their metabolites in cucumber plants under hydroponic culture, testing their uptake, translocation, and transformation over 96 h in single and bisolute systems at varying pH. Ruling out root adsorption and transformations in the nutrient solution, we demonstrate that carbamazepine root uptake is largely affected by the concentration gradient across the membrane. Unlike carbamazepine, lamotrigine is adsorbed to the root and undergoes ion trapping in root cells thus its translocation to the shoots is limited. On the basis of that, carbamazepine uptake was not affected by the presence of lamotrigine, while lamotrigine uptake was enhanced in the presence of carbamazepine. Transformation of carbamazepine in the roots was slightly reduced in the presence of lamotrigine. Carbamazepine metabolism was far more pronounced in the shoots than in the roots, indicating that most of the metabolism occurs in the leaves, probably due to higher concentration and longer residence time. This study indicates that the uptake of small nonionic pharmaceuticals is passive and governed by diffusion across the root membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myah Goldstein
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
- The Hebrew University Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health , P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Tomer Malchi
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
- The Hebrew University Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health , P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Moshe Shenker
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
- The Hebrew University Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health , P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
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97
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen B. Reduced bioavailability and plant uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil slurry amended with biochars pyrolyzed under various temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16991-17001. [PMID: 29627960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has high potential for organic pollutant immobilization due to its powerful sorption capacity. Nevertheless, potential risks may exist when biochar-sorbed organic pollutants are bioavailable. A direct plant exposure assay in combination with an organic solvent extraction experiment was carried out in this study to investigate the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with the application of pine needle biochars pyrolyzed under different temperatures (100, 300, 400, and 700 °C; referred as P100-P700 accordingly). Biochar reduced solvent extractability and plant uptake of PAHs including naphthalene (Naph), acenaphthene (Acen), phenanthrene (Phen), and pyrene (Pyr), especially for three- and four-ring PAHs (Phen and Pyr) with high-temperature biochar. Plant uptake assay validates with organic solvent extraction for bioavailability assessment. Sorption of PAHs to biochars reduced plant uptake of PAHs in roots and shoots by lowering freely dissolved PAHs. Aging process reduced the bioavailability of PAHs that were bound to biochar. High pyrolysis temperature can be recommended for biochar preparation for purpose of effectively immobilizing PAHs, whereas application of moderate-temperature biochar for PAH immobilization should concern the potential risks of desorption and bioavailability of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yinshan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuecan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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98
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Namiki S, Otani T, Motoki Y, Seike N, Iwafune T. Differential uptake and translocation of organic chemicals by several plant species from soil. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2018; 43:96-107. [PMID: 30363132 PMCID: PMC6140680 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d17-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We performed uptake experiments with 12 different organic chemicals using 16 plant species and determined differences in the ability of plant species to take up and translocate these chemicals. There were differences among the plant species in the shoot and root concentrations of each organic chemical. The root concentration factor values increased with an increasing log of the n-octanol-water partition coefficient (log K OW) of organic chemicals. Thus, the concentrations in roots may be predicted to a certain extent because the root concentration factor values were related to the log K OW. The root-to-shoot translocation was related to the log K OW because the shoot-to-root concentration ratio decreased with an increasing log K OW; however, there was no clear relationship between the shoot concentration factor value and the log K OW, and this differed among plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yutaka Motoki
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Agricultural Chemicals Inspection Station
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99
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Reichl B, Himmelsbach M, Emhofer L, Klampfl CW, Buchberger W. Uptake and metabolism of the antidepressants sertraline, clomipramine, and trazodone in a garden cress (Lepidium sativum) model. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1301-1308. [PMID: 29427324 PMCID: PMC6099436 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with pharmaceuticals has received growing attention in recent years. Several studies describe the presence of traces of drugs in water bodies and soils and their impacts on nontarget organisms including plants. Due to these facts investigations of the uptake and metabolism of pharmaceuticals in organisms is an emerging research area. The present study demonstrates the analysis of three selected antidepressants (sertraline, clomipramine, and trazodone) as well as metabolites and transformation products in a cress model (Lepidium sativum). Cress was treated with tap water containing 10 mg/L of the parent drugs. Employing an analytical approach based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight or Orbitrap mass spectrometry in MS and MS² modes, in total 14 substances were identified in the cress extracts. All three parent drugs were taken up by the cress and translocated from the roots to the leaves in specific patterns. In addition to this, eleven metabolite species were identified. They were generated by hydroxylation, demethylation, conjugation with amino acids, or combinations of these mechanisms. Finally, the inclusion of control cultures in the experimental setup allowed for a differentiation of "true" metabolites generated by the cress and transformation products generated by plant-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Reichl
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryJohannes Kepler UniversityLinzAustria
| | | | - Lisa Emhofer
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryJohannes Kepler UniversityLinzAustria
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100
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Cheng DL, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Liu YW, Zhou JL, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Bui XT, Zhang XB. Bioprocessing for elimination antibiotics and hormones from swine wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1664-1682. [PMID: 29074241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and hormones in swine wastewater have become a critical concern worldwide due to the severe threats to human health and the eco-environment. Removal of most detectable antibiotics and hormones, such as sulfonamides (SAs), SMs, tetracyclines (TCs), macrolides, and estrogenic hormones from swine wastewater utilizing various biological processes were summarized and compared. In biological processes, biosorption and biodegradation are the two major removal mechanisms for antibiotics and hormones. The residuals in treated effluents and sludge of conventional activated sludge and anaerobic digestion processes can still pose risks to the surrounding environment, and the anaerobic processes' removal efficiencies were inferior to those of aerobic processes. In contrast, membrane bioreactors (MBRs), constructed wetlands (CWs) and modified processes performed better because of their higher biodegradation of toxicants. Process modification on activated sludge, anaerobic digestion and conventional MBRs could also enhance the performance (e.g. removing up to 98% SMs, 88.9% TCs, and 99.6% hormones from wastewater). The hybrid process combining MBRs with biological or physical technology also led to better removal efficiency. As such, modified conventional biological processes, advanced biological technologies and MBR hybrid systems are considered as a promising technology for removing toxicants from swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Cheng
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - H H Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - W S Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Y W Liu
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - J L Zhou
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea.
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - X T Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - X B Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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