51
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Fasano V, Winter N, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Divergent, Stereospecific Mono‐ and Difluoromethylation of Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Nils Winter
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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52
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Fasano V, Winter N, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Divergent, Stereospecific Mono‐ and Difluoromethylation of Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8502-8506. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Nils Winter
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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53
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Senatore R, Malik M, Spreitzer M, Holzer W, Pace V. Direct and Chemoselective Electrophilic Monofluoromethylation of Heteroatoms ( O-, S-, N-, P-, Se-) with Fluoroiodomethane. Org Lett 2020; 22:1345-1349. [PMID: 32004004 PMCID: PMC7205393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The commercially available fluoroiodomethane represents a valuable and effective electrophilic source for transferring the CH2F unit to a series of heteroatom-centered nucleophiles under mild basic conditions. The excellent manipulability offered by its liquid physical state (bp 53.4 °C) enables practical and straightforward one-step nucleophilic substitutions to retain the chiral information embodied, thus allowing it to overcome de facto the requirement for fluoromethylating agents with no immediate access. The high-yielding methodology was successfully applied to a variety of nucleophiles including a series of drugs currently in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Markus Spreitzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
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54
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Kazia A, Melngaile R, Mishnev A, Veliks J. Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky fluorocyclopropanation of double activated alkenes: scope and limitations. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1384-1388. [PMID: 31998934 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky fluorocyclopropanation of double activated alkenes utilizing S-monofluoromethyl-S-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylphenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate is an efficient approach to obtain a range of monofluorocyclopropane derivatives. So far, fluoromethylsulfonium salts have displayed the broadest scope for direct fluoromethylene transfer. In contrast to more commonly used fluorohalomethanes or freon derivatives, diarylfluoromethylsulfonium salts are bench stable, easy-to use reagents useful for the direct transfer of a fluoromethylene group to alkenes giving access to the challenging products - fluorocyclopropane derivatives. Interplay between the reactivity of the starting materials and stability of the fluorocyclopropanes formed determines the outcome of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armands Kazia
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia.
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55
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Synthesis of Biaryls Having a Piperidylmethyl Group Based on Space Integration of Lithiation, Borylation, and Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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56
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Wang R, Ding T, Jiang L, He W, Yi W. Fluoromethoxymethylation of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds with Fluoromethyl Iodide. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3993-4001. [PMID: 31913626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fluoromethoxymethylation of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds with fluoromethyl iodide has been reported for the first time. In this reaction, a number of unexplored fluoromethoxymethylated nitrogen heterocyclic compounds including indoles, carbazoles, and 1H-indazoles were efficiently formed. Mechanistic studies indicated that this transformation consists of electrophilic monofluoromethylation, rapid hydrolysis, and another electrophilic monofluoromethylation. This method makes it possible to synthesize complex bioactive molecules containing a CH2OCH2F group, which have the potential to be a new series of fluorine-containing chemical entities for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lvqi Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Wujuan He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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57
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Nandakumar M, Rubial B, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Ring-Opening Lithiation-Borylation of 2-Trifluoromethyl Oxirane: A Route to Versatile Tertiary Trifluoromethyl Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1187-1191. [PMID: 31710748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stereogenic trifluoromethyl-substituted carbon centers are highly sought-after moieties in pharmaceutical and agrochemical discovery. Here, we show that lithiation-borylation reactions of 2-trifluoromethyl oxirane give densely functionalized and highly versatile trifluoromethyl-substituted α-tertiary boronic esters. The intermediate boronate complexes undergo the desired 1,2-rearrangement of the carbon-based group with complete retentive stereospecificity, a process that was only observed in non-polar solvents in the presence of TESOTf. Although the trifluoromethyl group adversely affects subsequent transformations of the α-boryl group, Zweifel olefinations provide trifluoromethyl-bearing quaternary stereocenters substituted with alkenes, alkynes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Rubial
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Eddie L Myers
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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58
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Nandakumar M, Rubial B, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Ring‐Opening Lithiation–Borylation of 2‐Trifluoromethyl Oxirane: A Route to Versatile Tertiary Trifluoromethyl Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Rubial
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Eddie L. Myers
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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59
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Ashikari Y, Saito K, Nokami T, Yoshida JI, Nagaki A. Oxo-Thiolation of Cationically Polymerizable Alkenes Using Flow Microreactors. Chemistry 2019; 25:15239-15243. [PMID: 31414708 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the cationic oxo-thiolation of polymerizable alkenes by using highly reactive cationic species generated by anodic oxidation. These highly reactive cations were able to activate alkenes before their polymerization. Fast mixing in flow microreactors effectively controlled chemoselectivity, enabling higher reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology and Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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60
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Kohlbacher SM, Ionasz VS, Ielo L, Pace V. The synthetic versatility of the Tiffeneau–Demjanov chemistry in homologation tactics. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement can be regarded as an interesting alternative to the more common semi-pinacol transposition. It is usually employed for ring extension but, under specific conditions, it can also be used for ring contraction. Compared to other techniques, such as the Demjanov rearrangement or homologations with diazo compounds, the Tiffeneau–Demjanov pathway presents attractive features including high yielding and selective processes. Ring enlargements follow very strict and simple rules, such as the movement of the less substituted carbon and retention of the configuration. The rearrangement process is mainly affected by steric factors, due to presence of neighbouring groups, rather than electronic ones. The ring contraction may be achieved positioning the amine within the ring, thus achieving a high level of control. Unfortunately, applications of the reaction in modern homologation chemistry are rare; therefore, the aim of the review is re-proposing to the synthetic community the versatility of this venerable reaction and thus, spurring its employment for tackling challenging homologations processes.
Graphic abstract
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61
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Colella M, Nagaki A, Luisi R. Flow Technology for the Genesis and Use of (Highly) Reactive Organometallic Reagents. Chemistry 2019; 26:19-32. [PMID: 31498924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the field of organic synthesis, the advent of flow chemistry and flow microreactor technology represented a tremendous novelty in the way of thinking and performing chemical reactions, opening the doors to poorly explored or even impossible transformations using batch methods. In this Concept article, we would like to highlight the impact of flow chemistry for exploiting highly reactive organometallic reagents, and how, alongside the well-known advantages concerning safety, scalability, and productivity, flow chemistry makes possible processes that are impossible to control by using the traditional batch approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Aichiiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
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62
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Miele M, D'Orsi R, Sridharan V, Holzer W, Pace V. Highly chemoselective difluoromethylative homologation of iso(thio)cyanates: expeditious access to unprecedented α,α-difluoro(thio)amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12960-12963. [PMID: 31602439 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The new motif - α,α-difluoromethyl thioamide - has been assembled starting from isothiocyanate (as thioamide precursor) and a formal difluoromethyl-carbanion generated from commercially available TMSCHF2. Upon proper activation of this reagent with potassium tert-amylate, the high-yielding transfer of the difluorinated nucleophile takes place under high chemocontrol. Various sensitive functionalities (e.g. ester, nitrile, nitro, azido groups) can be accommodated across the isothiocyanate core, thus allowing a wide scope. The methodology is highly flexible and adaptable to prepare analogous α,α-difluoromethyl oxoamides by conveniently using isocyanates as the electrophilic building-blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rosarita D'Orsi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), 181143, India
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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63
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Miele M, Citarella A, Micale N, Holzer W, Pace V. Direct and Chemoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Difluoroketones via Weinreb Amide Homologation with a CHF 2-Carbene Equivalent. Org Lett 2019; 21:8261-8265. [PMID: 31599599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The homologation of Weinreb amides into difluoromethylketones with a formal nucleophilic CHF2 transfer agent is reported. Activating TMSCHF2 with potassium tert-amylate enables a convenient access to the difluorinated homologation reagent, which adds to the acylating partners. The high chemoselectivity showcased in the presence of variously multifunctionalized Weinreb amides, jointly with uniformly high yields, enables the strategy of general applicability without requiring any stabilization element for the putative carbanion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Andrea Citarella
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,University of Messina , Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- University of Messina , Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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64
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Vittorio S, Seidel T, Germanò MP, Gitto R, Ielo L, Garon A, Rapisarda A, Pace V, Langer T, De Luca L. A Combination of Pharmacophore and Docking-based Virtual Screening to Discover new Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Mol Inform 2019; 39:e1900054. [PMID: 31508903 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanogenesis controls the formation of melanin pigment whose overproduction is related to various hyperpigmentary disorders in humans. Tyrosinase is a type-3 copper enzyme involved in the rate limiting step of melanin synthesis, therefore its inhibition could represent an efficient way for the development of depigmenting agents. In this work, a combination of pharmacophore and docking-based studies has been employed to screen two in-house 3D compound databases containing about 2,000 molecules from natural and synthetic sources. As result we selected two "hit compounds" which proved to inhibit tyrosinase activity showing IC50 values in the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vittorio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur Garon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
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65
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Melngaile R, Sperga A, Baldridge KK, Veliks J. Diastereoselective Monofluorocyclopropanation Using Fluoromethylsulfonium Salts. Org Lett 2019; 21:7174-7178. [PMID: 31433191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diarylfluoromethylsulfonium salts, alternatives to freons or advanced fluorinated building blocks, are bench stable and easy-to-use sources of direct fluoromethylene (:CHF) transfer to alkenes. These salts enabled development of a trans-selective monofluorinated Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction with vinyl sulfones or vinyl sulfonamides to access synthetically challenging monofluorocyclopropane scaffolds. The described method offers rapid access to monofluorinated cyclopropane building blocks with further functionalization opportunities to deliver more complex synthetic targets diastereoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Melngaile
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arturs Sperga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kim K Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
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66
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Kumon T, Yoshida K, Yamada S, Agou T, Kubota T, Konno T. First practical synthesis of 2- or 3-fluoroalkylated indenols via cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 3] carbocyclization of fluorine-containing alkynes and 2-iodoaryl ketones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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67
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Colella M, Tota A, Großjohann A, Carlucci C, Aramini A, Sheikh NS, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Straightforward chemo- and stereoselective fluorocyclopropanation of allylic alcohols: exploiting the electrophilic nature of the not so elusive fluoroiodomethyllithium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8430-8433. [PMID: 31259351 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03394g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented direct fluorocyclopropanation of allylic alcohols is reported. This simple method involves the not so elusive fluoroiodomethyllithium, a carbenoidic intermediate that under the developed conditions discloses its electrophilic nature. Gratifyingly, the reaction turned out to be highly chemo- and stereoselective, and DFT calculations provided insights into the structure and nature of this new type of carbenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Department of Discovery Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Campo di Pile, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P. O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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68
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo-Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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69
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Reichel M, Martens J, Wöllner E, Huber L, Kornath A, Karaghiosoff K. Synthesis and Properties of the Fluoromethylating Agent (Fluoromethyl)triphenylphosphonium Iodide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reichel
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Butenandstr. 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jörn Martens
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Butenandstr. 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Eduart Wöllner
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Butenandstr. 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Laura Huber
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Butenandstr. 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Kornath
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Butenandstr. 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Butenandstr. 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
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70
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Schwarz C, Scherpf T, Rodstein I, Weismann J, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Ylide-Functionalization via Metalated Ylides: Synthesis and Structural Properties. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:621-626. [PMID: 31123665 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-metallated ylides [Ph3P-C-Z]-M+ (with Z=SO2Tol or CN and M=Na or K) were used as versatile nucleophiles for the facile access to ylide-substituted compounds. Halogenations, alkylations, carbonylations and functionalization reactions with main group element halides were easily accomplished by simple trapping reactions with the appropriate electrophiles. X-ray crystallographic studies of all compounds - including the first structures of α-fluorinated P-ylides - showed remarkable differences in the ylide backbone depending on the substituents. In the fluorinated compounds, a change from a fully planar to a pyramidalized ylidic carbon centre was observed despite the strongly anion-stabilizing ability of the yldiide substituent. π-Donation from the ylide substituent also resulted in geometric restrictions depending on the steric and electronic properties of the introduced substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schwarz
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Julia Weismann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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71
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Wang J, Tanaka J, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Catalytic Desymmetrization of 1,3‐Difluoropropan‐2‐ols via C−F Bond Activation Using a Phosphazene Base Affords Monofluoromethyl‐Substituted Epoxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Junki Tanaka
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing MaterialsZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Avenue 321004 Jinhua, China
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72
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Nagaki A, Sasatsuki K, Ishiuchi S, Miuchi N, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Functionalized Ketones from Acid Chlorides and Organolithiums by Extremely Fast Micromixing. Chemistry 2019; 25:4946-4950. [PMID: 30775815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of ketones containing various functional groups from acid chlorides bearing electrophilic functional groups and functionalized organolithiums was achieved using a flow microreactor system. Extremely fast mixing is important for high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasatsuki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Emeritus Professor, Kyoto University, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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73
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Monticelli S, Holzer W, Langer T, Roller A, Olofsson B, Pace V. Sustainable Asymmetric Organolithium Chemistry: Enantio- and Chemoselective Acylations through Recycling of Solvent, Sparteine, and Weinreb "Amine". CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1147-1154. [PMID: 30614208 PMCID: PMC6704367 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The well-established Hoppe-Beak chemistry, which involves enantioselective generation of organolithium compounds in the presence of (-)-sparteine, was revisited and applied to unprecedented acylations with Weinreb amides to access highly enantioenriched α-oxyketones and cyclic α-aminoketones. Recycling of the sustainable solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether, sparteine, and the released Weinreb "amine" [HNMe(OMe)] was possible through a simple work-up procedure that enabled full recovery of these precious materials. The methodology features a robust scope and flexibility, thus allowing the enantioselective preparation of scaffolds amenable of further derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse,14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse,14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse,14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-Ray Structure Analysis CenterUniversity of ViennaWaehringerstrasse 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySe-106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse,14Vienna1090Austria
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74
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Veliks J, Kazia A. Fluoromethylene Transfer from Diarylfluoromethylsulfonium Salts: Synthesis of Fluorinated Epoxides. Chemistry 2019; 25:3786-3789. [PMID: 30681208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diarylfluoromethyl sulfonium salts are efficient fluoromethylene transfer reagents equivalent to fluorocarbene, which is difficult to access. This was demonstrated by the development of a monofluorinated Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction with ketones and aldehydes, delivering uncommon 2-unsubstituted fluoroepoxides. This is the first evidence for the feasibility of sulfur fluoromethylylide and its action as a reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Armands Kazia
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
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75
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Trost BM, Tracy JS, Yusoontorn T. Vanadium-Catalyzed Coupling of Allenols with Electrophilic Halide Sources for the Formation of α-Halo-α′,β′-unsaturated Ketones. Org Lett 2019; 21:1207-1211. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jacob S. Tracy
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tas Yusoontorn
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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76
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Ielo L, Touqeer S, Roller A, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Telescoped, Divergent, Chemoselective C1 and C1-C1 Homologation of Imine Surrogates: Access to Quaternary Chloro- and Halomethyl-Trifluoromethyl Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2479-2484. [PMID: 30548145 PMCID: PMC6582437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A conceptually novel, high‐yielding, mono‐ or bis‐homologation was realized with lithium halocarbenoids and enables the one‐step, fully chemocontrolled assembly of a new class of quaternary trifluoromethyl aziridines. Trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides (TFAICs) act as convenient electrophilic platforms, enabling the addition of either one or two homologating elements by simply controlling the stoichiometry of the process. Mechanistic studies highlighted that the homologation event, carried out with two different carbenoids (LiCH2Cl and LiCH2F), leads to fluoromethyl analogues in which the first nucleophile is employed for constructing the cycle and the second for decorating the resulting molecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saad Touqeer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- University of Vienna, X-Ray Structure Analysis Center, Waehringerstrasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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77
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Monticelli S, Urban E, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. A Straightforward Homologation of Carbon Dioxide with Magnesium Carbenoids en Route to α-Halocarboxylic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14-1090 Vienna Austria
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78
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Hajra S, Roy S, Maity S, Chatterjee S. Reagent-Controlled Reversal of Regioselectivity in Nucleophilic Fluorination of Spiro-epoxyoxindole: Synthesis of 3-Fluoro-3-hydroxymethyloxindole and 3-Aryl-3-fluoromethyloxindole. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2252-2260. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Center of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sayan Roy
- Center of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Subrata Maity
- Center of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sandip Chatterjee
- Center of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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79
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Pisano L, Monticelli S, Bartolotta R, Pace V. Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether: An Elective Ecofriendly Ethereal Solvent in Classical and Modern Organic Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:40-70. [PMID: 30246930 PMCID: PMC6391966 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Solvents represent one of the major contributions to the environmental impact of fine-chemical synthesis. As a result, the use of environmentally friendly solvents in widely employed reactions is a challenge of vast real interest in contemporary organic chemistry. Within this Review, a great variety of examples showing how cyclopentyl methyl ether has been established as particularly useful for this purpose are reported. Indeed, its low toxicity, high boiling point, low melting point, hydrophobicity, chemical stability towards a wide range of conditions, exceptional stability towards the abstraction of hydrogen atoms, relatively low latent heat of vaporization, and the ease with which it can be recovered and recycled enable its successful employment as a solvent in a wide range of synthetic applications, including organometallic chemistry, catalysis, biphasic reactions, oxidations, and radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Roberta Bartolotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
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80
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Monticelli S, Colella M, Pillari V, Tota A, Langer T, Holzer W, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Pace V. Modular and Chemoselective Strategy for the Direct Access to α-Fluoroepoxides and Aziridines via the Addition of Fluoroiodomethyllithium to Carbonyl-Like Compounds. Org Lett 2019; 21:584-588. [PMID: 30600682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An expeditious, high-yielding synthesis of rare α-fluoroepoxides and α-fluoroaziridines through the addition of the unkown fluoroiodomethyllithium (LiCHIF)-formed via deprotonation the commercially available fluoroiodomethane with a lithium amide base-to carbonyl-like compounds is documented. The ring-closure reactions, leading to α-fluorinated three-membered heterocycles, rely on the diversely reactive C-I and C-F bonds. Excellent chemoselectivity was observed in the presence of highly sensitive functionalities-aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, alkene-which remained untouched during the homologation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
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81
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Ganiek MA, Ivanova MV, Martin B, Knochel P. Mild Homologation of Esters through Continuous Flow Chloroacetate Claisen Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17249-17253. [PMID: 30290045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selective chloromethylenation of functionalized esters using chloroacetic acid (CA) and LiHMDS (HMDS=hexamethyldisilazide) in a continuous-flow setup is reported. This Claisen homologation is for the first time extended to bis-chloromethylenation using dichloroacetic acid (DCA), thus giving access to under-explored α,α'-bis-chloroketones. The use of flow conditions enables efficient generation and reaction of the unstable chloroacetate dianion intermediates, leading to unprecedented mild and scalable reaction conditions at an economical reagent stoichiometry (-10 °C, <1 min, 1.0-2.4 equiv dianion). The clean reaction profiles allow subsequent use of the unpurified crude products, which is demonstrated in the synthesis of various heterocycles of broad interest. Furthermore, we report a novel, catalyst-free substitution of the obtained monochloro ketone products with (hetero)aryl zinc enolates to give valuable 1,4-diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Ganiek
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Maria V Ivanova
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Novartis Pharma AG, Chemical Development, Fabrikstrasse, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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82
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Colella M, Musci P, Carlucci C, Lillini S, Tomassetti M, Aramini A, Degennaro L, Luisi R. 1,3-Dibromo-1,1-difluoro-2-propanone as a Useful Synthon for a Chemoselective Preparation of 4-Bromodifluoromethyl Thiazoles. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14841-14848. [PMID: 31458153 PMCID: PMC6644220 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a synthetic protocol for the preparation of 1,3-dibromo-1,1-difluoro-2-propanone, a new synthon used for the first time in a reaction with aromatic amines and sodium thiocyanate, leading to thiazoles which are useful candidates in drug discovery programs. The new synthon allows to introduce a bromodifluoromethyl group at the C4 of the thiazole, and it is amenable of further transformation such as the Br/F exchange useful in radiopharmaceutics. Application of the strategy to the preparation of a precursor of the biologically relevant DF2755Y is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Department
of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University
of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Musci
- Department
of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University
of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- Department
of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University
of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Samuele Lillini
- Department
of Discovery, Dompé Farmaceutici
S.p.A., Via Pietro Castellino, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Mara Tomassetti
- Department
of Discovery, Dompé Farmaceutici
S.p.A., Via Pietro Castellino, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Department
of Discovery, Dompé Farmaceutici
S.p.A., Via Campo di
Pile, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
- Department
of Discovery, Dompé Farmaceutici
S.p.A., Via Pietro Castellino, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department
of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University
of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department
of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University
of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
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83
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Ganiek MA, Ivanova MV, Martin B, Knochel P. Milde Chlorhomologisierung von Estern durch Chloracetat‐Claisen‐Reaktion unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A. Ganiek
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Maria V. Ivanova
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Novartis Pharma AG Chemical Development Fabrikstraße 4002 Basel Schweiz
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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84
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Castoldi L, Monticelli S, Senatore R, Ielo L, Pace V. Homologation chemistry with nucleophilic α-substituted organometallic reagents: chemocontrol, new concepts and (solved) challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6692-6704. [PMID: 29850663 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of a reactive nucleophilic CH2X unit into a preformed bond enables the introduction of a fragment featuring the exact and desired degree of functionalization through a single synthetic operation. The instability of metallated α-organometallic species often poses serious questions regarding the practicability of using this conceptually intuitive and simple approach for forming C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. A deep understanding of processes regulating the formation of these nucleophiles is a precious source of inspiration not only for successfully applying theoretically feasible transformations (i.e. determining how to employ a given reagent), but also for designing new reactions which ultimately lead to the introduction of molecular complexity via short experimental sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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85
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Monticelli S, Rui M, Castoldi L, Missere G, Pace V. A practical guide for using lithium halocarbenoids in homologation reactions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1285-1291. [PMID: 29983454 PMCID: PMC6006224 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lithium halocarbenoids are versatile reagents for accomplishing homologation processes. The fast α-elimination they suffer has been considered an important limitation for their extensive use. Herein, we present a series of practical considerations for an effective employment in the homologation of selected carbon electrophiles. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giada Missere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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86
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Merging lithium carbenoid homologation and enzymatic reduction: A combinative approach to the HIV-protease inhibitor Nelfinavir. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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87
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Senatore R, Ielo L, Urban E, Holzer W, Pace V. Substituted α-Sulfur Methyl Carbanions: Effective Homologating Agents for the Chemoselective Preparation of β-Oxo Thioethers from Weinreb Amides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Althanstrasse 14 - 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Althanstrasse 14 - 1090 Vienna Austria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Althanstrasse 14 - 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Althanstrasse 14 - 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Althanstrasse 14 - 1090 Vienna Austria
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Senatore R, Castoldi L, Ielo L, Holzer W, Pace V. Expeditious and Chemoselective Synthesis of α-Aryl and α-Alkyl Selenomethylketones via Homologation Chemistry. Org Lett 2018; 20:2685-2688. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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89
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Castoldi L, Ielo L, Holzer W, Giester G, Roller A, Pace V. α-Arylamino Diazoketones: Diazomethane-Loading Controlled Synthesis, Spectroscopic Investigations, and Structural X-ray Analysis. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4336-4347. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Alexander Roller
- X-Ray Structure Analysis Center, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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90
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91
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Touqeer S, Castoldi L, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Homologation of halostannanes with carbenoids: a convenient and straightforward one-step access to α-functionalized organotin reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10112-10115. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A direct, single synthetic homologative transformation of halostannanes into mono- or di-substituted methyl analogues is documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Touqeer
- University of Vienna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Vienna
- Austria
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