51
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Yimam M, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Lee YC, Hyun EJ, Kim HJ, Kim TW, Nam JB, Kim MR, Jia Q. Evaluation of Natural Product Compositions for Appetite Suppression. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:86-104. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1429518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
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52
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Reaction of benzyne with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as an access to 1 H -3-benzazepines. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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53
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Higgins GA, Zeeb FD, Fletcher PJ. Role of impulsivity and reward in the anti-obesity actions of 5-HT 2C receptor agonists. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:1403-1418. [PMID: 29072522 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117735797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin entered clinical obesity trials with the prevalent view that satiety was a primary mechanism of action. Subsequent Phase II and III trials demonstrated efficacy in terms of weight loss, although the overall effect size (~3% placebo-corrected change) is considered modest. Lorcaserin has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of obesity with lifestyle modification, but since its introduction in 2013 its sales are in decline, probably due to its overall modest effect. However, in some individuals, lorcaserin has a much more clinically significant effect (i.e. >10% placebo-corrected change), although what common features, if any, define these high responders is presently unknown. In the present article we highlight the evidence that alternative mechanisms to satiety may contribute to the anti-obesity effect of lorcaserin, namely effects on constructs of primary and conditioned reward and impulsivity. This may better inform the clinical evaluation of lorcaserin (and any future 5-HT2C receptor agonists) to subgroups of obese subjects characterized by overeating due to maladaptive impulsivity and reward mechanisms. One such population might be individuals diagnosed with binge eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Higgins
- 1 InterVivo Solutions Inc., Toronto, Canada.,2 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fiona D Zeeb
- 3 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,4 Department of Psychology & Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- 3 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,4 Department of Psychology & Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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54
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Choice between delayed food and immediate opioids in rats: treatment effects and individual differences. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3361-3373. [PMID: 28868576 PMCID: PMC5664176 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Addiction involves maladaptive choice behavior in which immediate drug effects are valued more than delayed nondrug rewards. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To model this behavior and extend our earlier work with the prescription opioid oxycodone, we allowed rats to choose between immediate intravenous delivery of the short-acting opioid remifentanil and delayed delivery of highly palatable food pellets. Treatment drugs were tested on a baseline where remifentanil was preferred over food. RESULTS Treatment with a high dose of the opioid antagonist naltrexone decreased but did not reverse the preference for remifentanil. Treatment with the serotonin 5-HT2C agonist lorcaserin decreased remifentanil and food self-administration nonselectively. Across conditions in which the alternative to delayed food was either a moderate dose of oxycodone, a moderate or high dose of remifentanil, a smaller more immediate delivery of food, or timeout with no primary reinforcement, choice was determined by both the length of the delay and the nature of the alternative option. Delayed food was discounted most steeply when the alternative was a high dose of remifentanil, which was preferred over food when food was delayed by 30 s or more. Within-subject comparisons showed no evidence for trait-like impulsivity or sensitivity to delay across these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Choice was determined more by the current contingencies of reinforcement than by innate individual differences. This finding suggests that people might develop steep delay-discounting functions because of the contingencies in their environment, and it supports the use of contingency management to enhance the relative value of delayed nondrug reinforcers.
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55
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Abdel-Latif RT, Zaitone SA, Abdel-mottaleb Y, El-Maraghy NN. The anorectic agent, lorcaserin, disturbs estrous cyclicity and produces endometrial hyperplasia without affecting ovarian population in female rats. Life Sci 2017; 183:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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56
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Li P, Huang Y, Hu X, Dong XQ, Zhang X. Access to Chiral Seven-Member Cyclic Amines via Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2017; 19:3855-3858. [PMID: 28671474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of azepine/oxazepine-type seven-member cyclic imine hydrochlorides was successfully developed using Rh/bisphosphine-thiourea ligand ZhaoPhos, affording various chiral seven-member cyclic amines with full conversions, high yields, and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% yield, >99% ee). Additionally, this asymmetric hydrogenation can proceed well on gram scale with excellent ee value. Moreover, control experimental results displayed that the anion-bonding interaction between the chloride ion of the substrate and thiourea motif of the ZhaoPhos played an important role to obtain excellent enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , 430072, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , 430072, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , 430072, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , 430072, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
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57
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Bioassay-guided isolation of saikosaponins with agonistic activity on 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor from Bupleurum chinense and their potential use for the treatment of obesity. Chin J Nat Med 2017. [PMID: 28629538 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2C) receptor is one of the major targets of anti-obesity agents, due to its role in regulation of appetite. In the present study, the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Bupleurum chinense was revealed to have agonistic activity on 5-HT2C receptor, and the subsequent bioassay-guided isolation led to identification of several saikosaponins as the active constituents with 5-HT2C receptor agonistic activity in vitro and anti-obesity activity in vivo. The new compound, 22-oxosaikosaponin d (1), was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HR-ESI-MS, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR). The primary structure-activity relationship study suggested that the intramolecular ether bond between C-13 and C-28 and the number of sugars at C-3 position were closely related to the 5-HT2C receptor agonistic activity. Saikosaponin a (3), the main saponin in B. chinense, showed obviously agonistic activity on 5-HT2C receptor with an EC50 value of 21.08 ± 0.33 μmol·L-1in vitro and could reduce food intake by 39.1% and 69.2%, and weight gain by 13.6% and 16.4%, respectively, at 3.0 and 6.0 mg·kg-1in vivo. This investigation provided valuable information for the potential use of B. chinense as anti-obesity agent.
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58
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Higgins GA, Silenieks LB, Patrick A, De Lannoy IAM, Fletcher PJ, Parker LA, MacLusky NJ, Sullivan LC, Chavera TA, Berg KA. Studies To Examine Potential Tolerability Differences between the 5-HT 2C Receptor Selective Agonists Lorcaserin and CP-809101. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1074-1084. [PMID: 28338324 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lorcaserin (LOR) is a selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist that has been FDA approved as a treatment for obesity. The most frequently reported side-effects of LOR include nausea and headache, which can be dose limiting. We have previously reported that in the rat, while LOR produced unconditioned signs characteristic of nausea/malaise, the highly selective 5-HT2C agonist CP-809101 (CP) produced fewer equivalent signs. Because this may indicate a subclass of 5-HT2C agonists having better tolerability, the present studies were designed to further investigate this apparent difference. In a conditioned gaping model, a rodent test of nausea, LOR produced significantly higher gapes compared to CP consistent with it having higher emetogenic properties. Subsequent studies were designed to identify features of each drug that may account for such differences. In rats trained to discriminate CP-809101 from saline, both CP and LOR produced full generalization suggesting a similar interoceptive cue. In vitro tests of functional selectivity designed to examine signaling pathways activated by both drugs in CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells expressing h5-HT2C receptors failed to identify evidence for biased signaling differences between LOR and CP. Thus, both drugs showed similar profiles across PLC, PLA2, and ERK signaling pathways. In studies designed to examine pharmacokinetic differences between LOR and CP, while drug plasma levels correlated with increasing dose, CSF levels did not. CSF levels of LOR increased proportionally with dose; however CSF levels of CP plateaued from 6 to 12 mg/kg. Thus, the apparently improved tolerability of CP likely reflects a limit to CNS levels attained at relatively high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A. Higgins
- InterVivo Solutions Inc., 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, Ontario M5A 4K2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Amy Patrick
- InterVivo Solutions Inc., 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, Ontario M5A 4K2, Canada
| | | | - Paul J. Fletcher
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250
College St, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1L8, Canada
- Department of Psychology & Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Linda A. Parker
- Department
of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Neil J. MacLusky
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Laura C. Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Teresa A. Chavera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Kelly A. Berg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
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59
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Claraz A, Serpier F, Darses S. Organoboron Initiated Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cascade Reactions: A Subtle Switch in Regioselectivity Leading to Chiral 3-Benzazepine Derivatives. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Claraz
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie
Paris, 11 rue Pierre et
Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Serpier
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie
Paris, 11 rue Pierre et
Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Darses
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie
Paris, 11 rue Pierre et
Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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60
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Lynch JJ, Van Vleet TR, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG. Potential functional and pathological side effects related to off-target pharmacological activity. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 87:108-126. [PMID: 28216264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most pharmaceutical companies test their discovery-stage proprietary molecules in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to try to determine off-target interactions. During all phases of drug discovery and development, various questions arise regarding potential side effects associated with such off-target pharmacological activity. Here we present a scientific literature curation effort undertaken to determine and summarize the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interactions at 70 receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transporters with established links to adverse effects. To that end, the scientific literature was reviewed using an on-line database, and the most commonly reported effects were summarized in tabular format. The resultant table should serve as a practical guide for research scientists and clinical investigators for the prediction and interpretation of adverse side effects associated with molecules interacting with components of this screening battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lynch
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric A G Blomme
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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61
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Manjappa KB, Peng YT, Liou TJ, Yang DY. Pseudo three-component approach to coumarin-annulated azepines: synthesis of coumarin[3,4-b]azepines. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09289j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of coumarin-annulated azepines were synthesized via acid-catalyzed condensation of 3-amino-4-hydroxycoumarin with two equivalents of substituted acetophenones in toluene with moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Ting Peng
- Department of Chemistry
- Tunghai University
- Taichung 40704
- Taiwan
| | - Teau-Jiuan Liou
- Department of Applied English
- Chaoyang University of Technology
- Taichung 41349
- Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yah Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tunghai University
- Taichung 40704
- Taiwan
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62
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Tetrahydroquinoline-based tricyclic amines as potent and selective agonists of the 5-HT 2C receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5877-5882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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63
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Shen HQ, Gao X, Liu C, Hu SB, Zhou YG. A Hydrogenation/Oxidative Fragmentation Cascade for Synthesis of Chiral 4,5-Dihydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ones. Org Lett 2016; 18:5920-5923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiang Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Bo Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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64
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Ponnusamy S, Tran QT, Harvey I, Smallwood HS, Thiyagarajan T, Banerjee S, Johnson DL, Dalton JT, Sullivan RD, Miller DD, Bridges D, Narayanan R. Pharmacologic activation of estrogen receptor β increases mitochondrial function, energy expenditure, and brown adipose tissue. FASEB J 2016; 31:266-281. [PMID: 27733447 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600787rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most satiety-inducing obesity therapeutics, despite modest efficacy, have safety concerns that underscore the need for effective peripherally acting drugs. An attractive therapeutic approach for obesity is to optimize/maximize energy expenditure by increasing energy-utilizing thermogenic brown adipose tissue. We used in vivo and in vitro models to determine the role of estrogen receptor β (ER-β) and its ligands on adipose biology. RNA sequencing and metabolomics were used to determine the mechanism of action of ER-β and its ligands. Estrogen receptor β (ER-β) and its selective ligand reprogrammed preadipocytes and precursor stem cells into brown adipose tissue and increased mitochondrial respiration. An ER-β-selective ligand increased markers of tricarboxylic acid-dependent and -independent energy biogenesis and oxygen consumption in mice without a concomitant increase in physical activity or food consumption, all culminating in significantly reduced weight gain and adiposity. The antiobesity effects of ER-β ligand were not observed in ER-β-knockout mice. Serum metabolite profiles of adult lean and juvenile mice were comparable, while that of adult obese mice was distinct, indicating a possible impact of obesity on age-dependent metabolism. This phenotype was partially reversed by ER-β-selective ligand. These data highlight a new role for ER-β in adipose biology and its potential to be a safer alternative peripheral therapeutic target for obesity.-Ponnusamy, S., Tran, Q. T., Harvey, I., Smallwood, H. S., Thiyagarajan, T., Banerjee, S., Johnson, D. L., Dalton, J. T., Sullivan, R. D., Miller, D. D., Bridges, D., Narayanan, R. Pharmacologic activation of estrogen receptor β increases mitochondrial function, energy expenditure, and brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriyan Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Quynh T Tran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thirumagal Thiyagarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel L Johnson
- Molecular Informatics Core, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - James T Dalton
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Incorporated, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan D Sullivan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; .,West Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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65
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Greenway FL, Shanahan W, Fain R, Ma T, Rubino D. Safety and tolerability review of lorcaserin in clinical trials. Clin Obes 2016; 6:285-95. [PMID: 27627785 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lorcaserin is a novel selective serotonin 2C receptor agonist indicated by the US Food and Drug Administration for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight with ≥1 comorbidity. The safety and efficacy of lorcaserin were established during two Phase III clinical trials in patients without diabetes (BLOOM and BLOSSOM) and one Phase III clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (BLOOM-DM). Headache was the most common adverse event experienced by patients during all Phase III trials. Additional adverse events occurring in >5% of patients receiving lorcaserin included dizziness, fatigue, nausea, dry mouth and constipation in patients without diabetes, and hypoglycaemia, back pain, cough and fatigue in patients with diabetes. In a pooled analysis of echocardiographic data collected during the three lorcaserin Phase III trials, the incidence of FDA-defined valvulopathy was similar in patients taking lorcaserin and the placebo. Here, the safety profile of lorcaserin at the FDA-approved dose of 10 mg twice daily is reviewed using data from the lorcaserin Phase III programme, with a focus on theoretical adverse events commonly associated with agonists of the serotonin receptor family. Based on the lorcaserin Phase III clinical trial data, lorcaserin is safe and well tolerated in the indicated patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - W Shanahan
- Formerly of Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R Fain
- Formerly of Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - T Ma
- Formerly of Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - D Rubino
- Washington Center for Weight Management and Research, Arlington, VA, USA
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66
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Green MP, McMurray G, Storer RI. Selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists: Design and synthesis of pyridazine-fused azepines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4117-21. [PMID: 27381086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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67
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Higgins GA, Silenieks LB, Altherr EB, MacMillan C, Fletcher PJ, Pratt WE. Lorcaserin and CP-809101 reduce motor impulsivity and reinstatement of food seeking behavior in male rats: Implications for understanding the anti-obesity property of 5-HT2C receptor agonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2841-56. [PMID: 27241709 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin (Belviq®) has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of obesity. Impulsivity is a contributory feature of some eating disorders. OBJECTIVE Experiments investigated the effect of lorcaserin and the highly selective 5-HT2C agonist CP-809101 on measures of impulsivity and on reinstatement of food-seeking behaviour, a model of dietary relapse. The effect of both drugs on 22-h deprivation-induced feeding was also examined, as was the effect of prefeeding in each impulsivity test. RESULTS Lorcaserin (0.3-0.6 mg/kg SC) and CP-809101 (0.6-1 mg/kg SC) reduced premature responding in rats trained on the 5-CSRTT and improved accuracy in a Go-NoGo task by reducing false alarms. At equivalent doses, both drugs also reduced reinstatement for food-seeking behaviour. Neither drug altered impulsive choice measured in a delay-discounting task. Lorcaserin (1-3 mg/kg SC) and CP-809101 (3-6 mg/kg SC) reduced deprivation-induced feeding but only at higher doses. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in addition to previously reported effects on satiety and reward, altered impulse control may represent a contributory factor to the anti-obesity property of 5-HT2C receptor agonists. Lorcaserin may promote weight loss by improving adherence to dietary regimens in individuals otherwise prone to relapse and may be beneficial in cases where obesity is associated with eating disorders tied to impulsive traits, such as binge eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Higgins
- InterVivo Solutions Inc., 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, ON, M5A 4K2, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 4K2, Canada.
| | - Leo B Silenieks
- InterVivo Solutions Inc., 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, ON, M5A 4K2, Canada
| | - Everett B Altherr
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Cam MacMillan
- Vivocore, 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, ON, M5A 4K2, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Wayne E Pratt
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
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68
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Acevedo-Fuentes WA, Cassels BK. Distinguishing rotamers in N-trifluoroacetyl-3-benzazepine derivatives. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:597-600. [PMID: 26763071 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides the full (13) C NMR assignments for the trifluoroacetamides of five potentially appetite-reducing 5-HT2C benzazepine receptor agonists and two open-ring synthetic precursors. These compounds exist in solution as mixtures of two rotamers for each of which the (13) C NMR signals have now been assigned with the assistance of 2D NMR experiments and the carbonyl-induced shifts of the neighboring (13) CH2 resonances and long-range (13) C/(19) F couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ueno H, Nakazato M. Mechanistic relationship between the vagal afferent pathway, central nervous system and peripheral organs in appetite regulation. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:812-818. [PMID: 27180615 PMCID: PMC5089941 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a center of food intake and energy metabolism regulation. Information signals from peripheral organs are mediated through the circulation or the vagal afferent pathway and input into the hypothalamus, where signals are integrated to determine various behaviors, such as eating. Numerous appetite-regulating peptides are expressed in the central nervous system and the peripheral organs, and interact in a complex manner. Of such peptides, gut peptides are known to bind to receptors at the vagal afferent pathway terminal that extend into the mucosal layer of the digestive tract, modulate the electrical activity of the vagus nerve, and subsequently send signals to the solitary nucleus and furthermore to the hypothalamus. All peripheral peptides other than ghrelin suppress appetite, and they synergistically suppress appetite through the vagus nerve. In contrast, the appetite-enhancing peptide, ghrelin, antagonizes the actions of appetite-suppressing peptides through the vagus nerve, and appetite-suppressing peptides have attenuated effects in obesity as a result of inflammation in the vagus nerve. With greater understanding of the mechanism for food intake and energy metabolism regulation, medications that apply the effects of appetite-regulating peptides or implantable devices that electrically stimulate the vagus nerve are being investigated as novel treatments for obesity in basic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ueno
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Homami SS, Rezaei Z. A Practical Approach for the Synthesis of Novel Triazolo-fused Benzazepine Derivatives Using a Multi-component Reaction and an Intramolecular C–H Arylation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14505397376261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and straightforward method has been developed for the preparation of triazolo-fused benzazepines by a facile, one-pot Ugi multi-component reaction/click reaction. In this strategy, the Ugi-reaction products were coupled by a click reaction, thus integrating the triazole fragment into the benzazepine structure using an intramolecular C–H arylation. The corresponding products were obtained in good yields without unfavourable by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Saied Homami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176, Iran
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71
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Hada Y, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. [The Update of Obesity Syndrome: Molecular Mechanism, Pathophysiology and Therapies. Topics: II. Recent Topics on Care and Treatment of the Obesity Syndrome; 3. Pharmacotherapy of obesity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 104:735-41. [PMID: 26536737 DOI: 10.2169/naika.104.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Higgs S, Cooper AJ, Barnes NM. The 5-HT₂C receptor agonist, lorcaserin, and the 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist, SB-742457, promote satiety; a microstructural analysis of feeding behaviour. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:417-24. [PMID: 26507195 PMCID: PMC4710672 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Whilst the FDA-approved anorectic, lorcaserin and various 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)6 receptor antagonists reduce feeding, a direct assessment of their impact upon feeding behaviour is less clear. We therefore examined the action of lorcaserin and the clinical-stage developmental candidate 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, SB-742457, upon microstructural analysis of licking behaviour. Such analysis provides a rich source of information about the mechanisms controlling food intake. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to gain insight into the influence upon feeding behaviour of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist, lorcaserin and the developmental 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, SB-742457. METHODS The impact of lorcaserin and SB-742457 upon licking behaviour of non-deprived rats for a glucose solution was assessed using microstructural analysis. RESULTS Lorcaserin (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) displayed a dose-dependent ability to reduce glucose consumption via reduction in the number of bouts of licking. A similar action was evident with SB-742457, but only at the lowest dose tested (3.0 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS The behavioural actions of both lorcaserin and SB-742457 demonstrate they directly promote satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Alison J. Cooper
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Nicholas M. Barnes
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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74
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Cheng J, Kozikowski AP. We Need 2C but Not 2B: Developing Serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of CNS Disorders. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1963-7. [PMID: 26507582 PMCID: PMC4832415 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin 2C (5-HT2C ) receptor has been identified as a potential drug target for the treatment of a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as obesity, substance abuse, and schizophrenia. In this Viewpoint article, recent progress in developing selective 5-HT2C agonists for use in treating these disorders is summarized, including the work of our group. Challenges in this field and the possible future directions are described. Homology modeling as a method to predict the binding modes of 5-HT2C ligands to the receptor is also discussed. Compared to known ligands, the improved pharmacological profiles of the 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine-based 5-HT2C agonists make them preferred candidates for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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75
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Serafine KM, Rice KC, France CP. Directly Observable Behavioral Effects of Lorcaserin in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:381-5. [PMID: 26384326 PMCID: PMC4658489 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1R)-8-chloro-1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (lorcaserin) is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treating obesity, and its therapeutic effects are thought to result from agonist activity at serotonin (5-HT)2C receptors. Lorcaserin has affinity for other 5-HT receptor subtypes, although its activity at those subtypes is not fully described. The current study compared the behavioral effects of lorcaserin (0.0032-32.0 mg/kg) to the effects of other 5-HT receptor selective agonists in rats (n = 8). The 5-HT2C receptor selective agonist 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP, 0.032-1.0 mg/kg) and lorcaserin induced yawning which was attenuated by the 5-HT2C receptor selective antagonist 6-chloro-5-methyl-N-(6-[(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy]pydidin-3-yl)indoline-1-carboxamide (1.0 mg/kg). The 5-HT2A receptor selective agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) induced head twitching, which was attenuated by the 5-HT2A receptor selective antagonist R-(+)-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl-1-[2-(4-piperidine)-methanol] (MDL 100907, 0.01 mg/kg), lorcaserin (3.2 mg/kg), and mCPP (3.2 mg/kg). In rats pretreated with MDL 100907 (1.0 mg/kg), lorcaserin also induced head twitching. At larger doses, lorcaserin produced forepaw treading, which was attenuated by the 5-HT1A receptor selective antagonist N-(2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl)-N-(2-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (0.178 mg/kg). While the behavioral effects of lorcaserin in rats are consistent with it having agonist activity at 5-HT2C receptors, these data suggest that at larger doses it also has agonist activity at 5-HT2A and possibly 5-HT1A receptors. Mounting evidence suggests that 5-HT2C receptor agonists might be effective for treating drug abuse. A more complete description of the activity of lorcaserin at 5-HT receptor subtypes will facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate its therapeutic effects.
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MESH Headings
- DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine/pharmacology
- 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin/pharmacology
- Amphetamines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Head Movements/drug effects
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/drug effects
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Yawning/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Serafine
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.M.S., C.P.F.) and Psychiatry (C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas and Chemical Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.M.S., C.P.F.) and Psychiatry (C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas and Chemical Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Charles P France
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.M.S., C.P.F.) and Psychiatry (C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas and Chemical Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
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76
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Milbank E, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Extracellular vesicles: Pharmacological modulators of the peripheral and central signals governing obesity. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 157:65-83. [PMID: 26617220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its metabolic resultant dysfunctions such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, grouped as the "metabolic syndrome", are chronic inflammatory disorders that represent one of the most severe epidemic health problems. The imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, leading to an excess of body fat and an increase of cardiovascular and diabetes risks, is regulated by the interaction between central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral signals in order to regulate behavior and finally, the metabolism of peripheral organs. At present, pharmacological treatment of obesity comprises actions in both CNS and peripheral organs. In the last decades, the extracellular vesicles have emerged as participants in many pathophysiological regulation processes. Whether used as biomarkers, targets or even tools, extracellular vesicles provided some promising effects in the treatment of a large variety of diseases. Extracellular vesicles are released by cells from the plasma membrane (microvesicles) or from multivesicular bodies (exosomes) and contain lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, such as DNA, protein coding, and non-coding RNAs. Owing to their composition, extracellular vesicles can (i) activate receptors at the target cell and then, the subsequent intracellular pathway associated to the specific receptor; (ii) transfer molecules to the target cells and thereby change their phenotype and (iii) be used as shuttle of drugs and, thus, to carry specific molecules towards specific cells. Herein, we review the impact of extracellular vesicles in modulating the central and peripheral signals governing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Milbank
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martinez
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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77
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Collins GT, Gerak LR, Javors MA, France CP. Lorcaserin Reduces the Discriminative Stimulus and Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine in Rhesus Monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:85-95. [PMID: 26534942 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine abuse and obesity are serious public health problems, and studies suggest that both dopamine and serotonin systems are involved in regulating the consumption of drugs and food. Lorcaserin has serotonin (5-HT)2C receptor agonist actions, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating obesity, and might be effective for treating cocaine abuse. These studies characterized the pharmacokinetic and behavioral profiles of lorcaserin (intragastric administration) and determined the effectiveness of lorcaserin to alter discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects of cocaine (intravenous administration) in rhesus monkeys. Administered acutely, lorcaserin dose-dependently increased the occurrence of yawning while decreasing spontaneous activity and operant responding for food. These effects appeared within 30-60 minutes of administration and began to dissipate by 240 minutes, a time course closely matching plasma concentrations of lorcaserin. In monkeys discriminating cocaine from saline, lorcaserin alone did not occasion cocaine-appropriate responding but shifted the cocaine dose-response curve to the right and down in two of three monkeys. When administered acutely, lorcaserin dose-dependently decreased the rate at which monkeys responded for infusions of cocaine. When administered chronically, 3.2 mg/kg lorcaserin reduced the rate of cocaine-maintained responding by 50% for the duration of a 14-day treatment period. Together, these results show that lorcaserin attenuates the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine after acute administration and the reinforcing effects of cocaine after acute and repeated administration, consistent with the view that it might have utility in treating cocaine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Collins
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.T.C., L.R.G., M.A.J., C.P.F.) and Psychiatry (M.A.J., C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (G.T.C.)
| | - Lisa R Gerak
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.T.C., L.R.G., M.A.J., C.P.F.) and Psychiatry (M.A.J., C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (G.T.C.)
| | - Martin A Javors
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.T.C., L.R.G., M.A.J., C.P.F.) and Psychiatry (M.A.J., C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (G.T.C.)
| | - Charles P France
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.T.C., L.R.G., M.A.J., C.P.F.) and Psychiatry (M.A.J., C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (G.T.C.)
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78
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Wu X, Pang G, Zhang YM, Li G, Xu S, Dong L, Stackman RW, Zhang G. Activation of serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor suppresses behavioral sensitization and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in heroin-treated mice. Neurosci Lett 2015; 607:23-28. [PMID: 26375926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abuse and dependence to heroin has evolved into a global epidemic as a significant clinical and societal problem with devastating consequences. Repeated exposure to heroin can induce long-lasting behavioral sensitization and withdrawal. Pharmacological activation of 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CRs) suppresses psychostimulant-induced drug-seeking and behavioral sensitization. The present study examined the effect of a selective 5-HT2CR agonist lorcaserin on behavioral sensitization and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in heroin-treated mice. Male mice received heroin (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) twice a day for 3 days and then drug treatment was suspended for 5 days. On day 9, a challenge dose of heroin (1.0 mg/kg) was administered to examine the expression of behavioral sensitization. Lorcaserin administered during the development, withdrawal or expression stage suppressed heroin-induced behavioral sensitization on day 9. Another cohort of mice received increasing doses of heroin over a 4.5-day period. Lorcaserin, or the positive control clonidine (an α2-adrenoceptor agonist) suppressed naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in heroin-treated mice. These findings suggest that activation of 5-HT2CRs suppresses behavioral sensitization and withdrawal in heroin-treated mice. Thus, pharmacological activation of 5-HT2CRs may represent a new avenue for the treatment of heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gang Pang
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology; College of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Guangwu Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shengchun Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University and the Life Science Initiative at FAU, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University and the Life Science Initiative at FAU, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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79
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Xiao T, Peng P, Xie Y, Wang ZY, Zhou L. Ag(I)-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction of 2-Alkynylbenzaldehydes, Amines, and Diazo Compounds. Org Lett 2015; 17:4332-5. [PMID: 26309157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiebo Xiao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135
Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pai Peng
- School
of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135
Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhao-yang Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135
Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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80
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Zhu Q, Wang J, Bian X, Zhang L, Wei P, Xu Y. Novel Synthesis of Antiobesity Drug Lorcaserin Hydrochloride. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xueguo Bian
- Nanjing Yi Gong
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | - Ping Wei
- Nanjing Yi Gong
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210009, China
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81
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Higgins GA, Fletcher PJ. Therapeutic Potential of 5-HT2C Receptor Agonists for Addictive Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1071-88. [PMID: 25870913 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) has long been associated with the control of a variety of motivated behaviors, including feeding. Much of the evidence linking 5-HT and feeding behavior was obtained from studies of the effects of the 5-HT releaser (dex)fenfluramine in laboratory animals and humans. Recently, the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin received FDA approval for the treatment of obesity. This review examines evidence to support the use of selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists as treatments for conditions beyond obesity, including substance abuse (particularly nicotine, psychostimulant, and alcohol dependence), obsessive compulsive, and excessive gambling disorder. Following a brief survey of the early literature supporting a role for 5-HT in modulating food and drug reinforcement, we propose that intrinsic differences between SSRI and serotonin releasers may have underestimated the value of serotonin-based pharmacotherapeutics to treat clinical forms of addictive behavior beyond obesity. We then highlight the critical involvement of the 5-HT2C receptor in mediating the effect of (dex)fenfluramine on feeding and body weight gain and the evidence that 5-HT2C receptor agonists reduce measures of drug reward and impulsivity. A recent report of lorcaserin efficacy in a smoking cessation trial further strengthens the idea that 5-HT2C receptor agonists may have potential as a treatment for addiction. This review was prepared as a contribution to the proceedings of the 11th International Society for Serotonin Research Meeting held in Hermanus, South Africa, July 9-12, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A. Higgins
- InterVivo Solutions Inc., 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, ON M5A
4K2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul J. Fletcher
- Section of Biopsychology
and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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82
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Quick MP, Fröhlich R, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Asymmetric synthesis of 3-substituted tetrahydro-2-benzazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7265-81. [PMID: 26055189 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00731c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure tricyclic oxazolidine cis-10 was prepared in a five step synthesis starting with 1-bromo-2-iodobenzene. Me3SiCN and allylSiMe3 reacted with cis-10 in the presence of TiCl4 to form the nitrile (3S)-11 and the allyl derivative (3S)-12 with high diastereoselectivity. The hydrogenolytic removal of the chiral auxiliary failed, since the endocyclic benzyl-N-bond was cleaved simultaneously. Therefore the N-(hydroxyethyl)amide of (3S)-12 was transformed into the enamide 27, which was hydrolyzed to afford the secondary amide 28. The enamide strategy to remove the chiral auxiliary from (3S)-11 led to complete racemization due to fast deprotonation in α-position of the cyano moiety. Two pairs of enantiomers 30a-b/ent-30a-b with prototypical σ substituents at the N-atom were prepared. The low σ1 affinity of the tetrahydro-2-benzazepines (ent-30b, Ki = 407 nM) is attributed to the short distance between the two lipophilic aromatic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Quick
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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83
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Prajapati N, Giridhar R, Sinha A, Kanhed AM, Yadav MR. Regioselective alkylation of 1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[d]azepin-2-one and biological evaluation of the resulting alkylated products as potentially selective 5-HT₂c agonists. Mol Divers 2015; 19:653-67. [PMID: 25916735 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The benzazepine ring system has offered interesting CNS-active medicinal agents. Taking this privileged structure as the basic scaffold, [Formula: see text] and/or [Formula: see text]-alkylated benzazepin-2-one derivatives and their reduced analogs have been prepared as potential [Formula: see text] receptor agonists. The selective alkylation at the [Formula: see text] and/or [Formula: see text] positions of this seven-membered lactam ring is here reported for the first time under different reaction conditions. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their biological profile as potential [Formula: see text] agonists using a classic pharmacological approach. Three derivatives (15, 17, and 20) have shown promising [Formula: see text] agonistic activity which can be further optimized as anti-obesity agents for the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Further, a homology model for [Formula: see text] receptor was generated using MODELLER, and ligand-receptor interactions for these potential molecules were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnit Prajapati
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajani Giridhar
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Anshuman Sinha
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish M Kanhed
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, Gujarat, India.
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84
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Payne JT, Poor CB, Lewis JC. Directed evolution of RebH for site-selective halogenation of large biologically active molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4226-30. [PMID: 25678465 PMCID: PMC4506780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We recently characterized the substrate scope of wild-type RebH and proceeded to evolve variants of this enzyme with improved stability for biocatalysis. The substrate scopes of both RebH and the stabilized variants, however, are limited primarily to compounds similar in size to tryptophan. A substrate walking approach was used to further evolve RebH variants with expanded substrate scope. Two particularly notable variants were identified: 3-SS, which provides high conversion of tricyclic tryptoline derivatives; and 4-V, which accepts a broad range of large indoles and carbazoles. This constitutes the first reported use of directed evolution to enable the functionalization of substrates not accepted by wild-type RebH and demonstrates the utility of RebH variants for the site-selective halogenation of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
| | | | - Jared C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
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85
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Payne JT, Poor CB, Lewis JC. Directed Evolution of RebH for Site-Selective Halogenation of Large Biologically Active Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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86
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Shidore M, Machhi J, Murumkar P, Barmade M, Thanki J, Yadav MR. 3-Substituted 1-methyl-3-benzazepin-2-ones as 5-HT2C receptor agonists. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In search of potent and selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists, a series of novel 3-substituted 1-methyl-3-benzazepin-2-ones and 8-chloro-1-methyl-3-benzazepin-2-ones have been synthesized and evaluated for their 5-HT2C receptor agonistic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Shidore
- Pharmacy Department
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 001
- India
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Pharmacy Department
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 001
- India
| | - Prashant Murumkar
- Pharmacy Department
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 001
- India
| | - Mahesh Barmade
- Pharmacy Department
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 001
- India
| | - Jigar Thanki
- Pharmacy Department
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 001
- India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Pharmacy Department
- Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Kalabhavan
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 001
- India
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87
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Matsufuji T, Shimada K, Kobayashi S, Ichikawa M, Kawamura A, Fujimoto T, Arita T, Hara T, Konishi M, Abe-Ohya R, Izumi M, Sogawa Y, Nagai Y, Yoshida K, Abe Y, Kimura T, Takahashi H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chiral diazepine derivatives as bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) agonists incorporating an antedrug approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:89-104. [PMID: 25497965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel compounds based on the lead BRS-3 agonists from our HTS compounds 2a and 2b have been synthesized with the focus on obtaining peripheral BRS-3 agonists. To identify potent anti-obesity compounds without adverse effects on the central nerve system, a labile carboxylic ester with an antedrug functionality was introduced onto the terminal position. Through the extensive synthetic exploration and the pharmacokinetic studies of oral administration in mice, the phenol ester 17c was selected due to the most suitable pharmacological profile. In the evaluation of food intake suppression in B6 mice, 17c showed significant in vivo efficacy and no clear adverse effect on heart rate and blood pressure change in dog iv infusion. Our study paved the way for development of anti-diabetes and obesity drugs with a safer profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyoshi Matsufuji
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Kousei Shimada
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Shozo Kobayashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichikawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Asuka Kawamura
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Teppei Fujimoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Arita
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takashi Hara
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masahiro Konishi
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Rie Abe-Ohya
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sogawa
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yoko Nagai
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Takako Kimura
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Technology Unit, Daiichi Sankyo RD NOVARE Co., Ltd, 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takahashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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88
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Higgins GA, Desnoyer J, Van Niekerk A, Silenieks LB, Lau W, Thevarkunnel S, Izhakova J, DeLannoy IA, Fletcher PJ, DeLay J, Dobson H. Characterization of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin on efficacy and safety measures in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 3:e00084. [PMID: 25692009 PMCID: PMC4317222 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin (Belviq®) has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of obesity. The present study is a back translational investigation into the effect of 28-day lorcaserin treatment in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model using male, Sprague-Dawley rats. An assessment of drug effect on efficacy and multiple safety endpoints including cardiac function was undertaken. Lorcaserin (1-2 mg/kg SC b.i.d.) significantly reduced percentage body weight gain compared to vehicle-treated controls (VEH: 10.6 ± 0.4%; LOR 1: 7.6 ± 1.2%; LOR 2: 5.4 ± 0.6%). Measurement of body composition using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) imaging indicated this change was due to the selective reduction in body fat mass. Modest effects on food intake were recorded. At the completion of the treatment phase, echocardiography revealed no evidence for valvulopathy, that is, no aortic or mitral valve regurgitation. The pharmacokinetics of the present treatment regimen was determined over a 7-day treatment period; plasma C min and C max were in the range 13-160 ng/mL (1 mg/kg b.i.d.) and 34-264 ng/mL (2 mg/kg b.i.d.) with no evidence for drug accumulation. In sum, these studies show an effect of lorcaserin in the DIO model, that in the context of the primary endpoint measure of % body weight change was similar to that reported clinically (i.e., 3.0-5.2% vs. 3.2%). The present studies highlight the translational value of obesity models such as DIO, and suggest that assuming consideration is paid to nonspecific drug effects such as malaise, the DIO model has reasonable forward translational value to help predict clinical outcomes of a new chemical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Higgins
- InterVivo Solutions Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2 ; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Desnoyer
- InterVivo Solutions Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2
| | | | - Leo B Silenieks
- InterVivo Solutions Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2
| | - Winnie Lau
- InterVivo Solutions Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2
| | - Sandy Thevarkunnel
- InterVivo Solutions Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2
| | - Julia Izhakova
- InterVivo Solutions Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2
| | - Ines Am DeLannoy
- InterVivo Solutions Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Section of Biopsychology, Clarke Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1R8 ; Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josepha DeLay
- Animal Health Laboratory, U. Guelph Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Dobson
- InterVivo Solutions Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2 ; CanCog Technologies Inc. 120 Carlton St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2 ; Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario, Canada ; Department of Biomedical Physics, University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada
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89
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CNS drug development: lessons from the development of ondansetron, aprepitant, ramelteon, varenicline, lorcaserin, and suvorexant. Part I. J Psychiatr Pract 2014; 20:460-5. [PMID: 25406050 DOI: 10.1097/01.pra.0000456594.66363.6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This column is the first in a two-part series exploring lessons for psychiatric drug development that can be learned from the development of six central nervous system drugs with novel mechanisms of action over the past 25 years. Part 1 presents a brief overview of the neuroscience that supported the development of each drug, including the rationale for selecting a) the target, which in each case was a receptor for a specific neurotransmitter system, and b) the indication, which was based on an understanding of the role that target played in a specific neural circuit in the brain. The neurotransmitter systems on which the development of these agents were based included serotonin for ondansetron and lorcaserin, dopamine for varenicline, substance P (or neurokinin) for aprepitant, melatonin for ramelteon, and orexin for suvorexant. The indications were chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting for ondansetron and aprepitant, smoking cessation for varenicline, weight loss for lorcaserin, and insomnia for suvorexant and ramelteon.
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90
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Oliva-Madrid MJ, García-López JA, Saura-Llamas I, Bautista D, Vicente J. Insertion Reactions on Carbopalladated Benzyne: From Eight- to Nine- and Ten-Membered Palladacycles. Applications to the Synthesis of N-Heterocycles. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500772p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María-José Oliva-Madrid
- Grupo
de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E-301001 Murcia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio García-López
- Grupo
de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E-301001 Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Saura-Llamas
- Grupo
de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E-301001 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José Vicente
- Grupo
de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E-301001 Murcia, Spain
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91
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Sahn JJ, Granger BA, Martin SF. Evolution of a strategy for preparing bioactive small molecules by sequential multicomponent assembly processes, cyclizations, and diversification. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7659-72. [PMID: 25135846 PMCID: PMC4167917 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for generating diverse collections of small molecules has been developed that features a multicomponent assembly process (MCAP) to efficiently construct a variety of intermediates possessing an aryl aminomethyl subunit. These key compounds are then transformed via selective ring-forming reactions into heterocyclic scaffolds, each of which possesses suitable functional handles for further derivatizations and palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions. The modular nature of this approach enables the facile construction of libraries of polycyclic compounds bearing a broad range of substituents and substitution patterns for biological evaluation. Screening of several compound libraries thus produced has revealed a large subset of compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of medicinally-relevant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA.
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92
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DiNicolantonio JJ, Chatterjee S, O'Keefe JH, Meier P. Lorcaserin for the treatment of obesity? A closer look at its side effects. Open Heart 2014; 1:e000173. [PMID: 25346855 PMCID: PMC4206750 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- Mid America Heart Institute at Saint Luke's Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri , USA
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Heart Hospital , University College London Hospitals, London , UK ; Yale Medical School , New Haven, Connecticut , USA
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93
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Soeta T, Ohgai T, Sakai T, Fujinami S, Ukaji Y. Ring enlargement reaction of C,N-cyclic-N'-acyl azomethine imines with sulfonium ylide: an efficient synthesis of 3-benzazepine derivatives. Org Lett 2014; 16:4854-7. [PMID: 25198375 DOI: 10.1021/ol502347n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient formation of 3-benzazepine derivatives has been achieved, based on the ring expansion reaction of C,N-cyclic-N'-acyl azomethine imines with sulfonium ylide generated in situ from the corresponding sulfonium salt. The reactions proceeded smoothly to afford the tricyclic 3-benzazepine derivatives in good to high yields. A wide range of C,N-cyclic N'-acyl azomethine imines were applicable to this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University , Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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94
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Hachem R, Malet-Martino M, Gilard V. First identification and quantification of lorcaserin in an herbal slimming dietary supplement. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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95
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Effects of anti-obesity drugs, phentermine and mahuang, on the behavioral patterns in Sprague-Dawley rat model. Lab Anim Res 2014; 30:73-8. [PMID: 24999361 PMCID: PMC4079834 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2014.30.2.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
According to WHO global estimates from 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults were overweight and among them, over 200 million men and 300 million women were obese. Although the main treatment modalities for overweight and obese individuals remain dieting and physical exercise, the synthetic anti-obesity medications have been increasingly used due to their perceived convenience. Generally, anti-obesity medications are classified as appetite suppressants or fat absorption blockers. In the present study, we examined the adverse side-effects in respect of behavior changes of phentermine and Ephedra sinica (mahuang) that are anti-obesity drugs currently distributed to domestic consumers. Phentermine is mainly classified as an anorexing agent and mahuang a thermogenic agent. Because phentermine and mahuang are considered to display effectiveness through the regulation of nerve system, their potential influences of on behavioral changes were examined employing animal experiments. From the results of experiments testing locomotor activity through the use of treadmill, rota-rod, and open field system, phentermine and mahuang were commonly revealed to induce behavioral changes of rats by reducing a motor ability, an ability to cope with an external stimulus, and a sense of balance or by augmenting wariness or excitement. These adverse effects of phenternime and mahuang in behavioral changes need to be identified in humans and anti-obesity medications such as phentermine and mahuang should be prescribed for only obesity where it is anticipated that the benefits of the treatment outweigh their potential risks.
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96
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Storer RI, Brennan PE, Brown AD, Bungay PJ, Conlon KM, Corbett MS, DePianta RP, Fish PV, Heifetz A, Ho DKH, Jessiman AS, McMurray G, de Oliveira CAF, Roberts LR, Root JA, Shanmugasundaram V, Shapiro MJ, Skerten M, Westbrook D, Wheeler S, Whitlock GA, Wright J. Multiparameter Optimization in CNS Drug Discovery: Design of Pyrimido[4,5-d]azepines as Potent 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2C) Receptor Agonists with Exquisite Functional Selectivity over 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B Receptors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5258-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5003292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew S. Corbett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert P. DePianta
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Alexander Heifetz
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 114 Innovation
Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J. Shapiro
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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97
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Hasebein P, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Synthesis, σ Receptor Affinity, and Pharmacological Evaluation of 5-Phenylsulfanyl- and 5-Benzyl-Substituted Tetrahydro-2-benzazepines. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1697-703. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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98
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Teodoro JS, Varela AT, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM. High-fat and obesogenic diets: current and future strategies to fight obesity and diabetes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:406. [PMID: 24842072 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes and their associated diseases are some of the greatest challenges that the world health care systems already face and with prospects of overburdening their capacities and funding. Due to decreased energetic expenditure and increased caloric intake, particularly in saturated fats, the number of people afflicted by said conditions is increasing by the day. Due to the failure, to this day, to effectively and ubiquity prevent and revert these diseases, the research into new compounds and therapeutic strategies is vital. In this review, we explain the most common dietary models of obesity and diabetes and the novel avenues of research we believe will be taken in the next few years in obesity and diabetes research. We primarily focus on the role of mitochondria and how the modulation of mitochondrial function and number as well as several promising therapeutic strategies involving metabolic regulators can positively affect the obese and diabetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- João S Teodoro
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
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99
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Synthetic approaches to the 2012 new drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2005-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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100
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Nikolic D, Toth PP, Ferlita A, Bartolo VD, Montalto G, Banach M, Rizzo M. Novel anti-obesity drugs and plasma lipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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