51
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Belsa L, López C, González A, Font-Bardı́a M, Calvet T, Calvis C, Messeguer R. Neutral and Ionic Cycloruthenated 2-Phenylindoles as Cytotoxic Agents. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Belsa
- Departament de Quı́mica
Inorgànica,
Facultat de Quı́mica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción López
- Departament de Quı́mica
Inorgànica,
Facultat de Quı́mica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asensio González
- Laboratori de Quı́mica Orgànica,
Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pl. Pius
XII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardı́a
- Unitat
de Difracció de Raig-X, Centre Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarı́s 1-3, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Calvet
- Departament de Crystal·lografı́a,
Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologı́a, Universitat de Barcelona, Martı́ i Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Calvis
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Tecnological Center, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Edifici Hèlix, Baldiri Reixach
15-21, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Messeguer
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Tecnological Center, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Edifici Hèlix, Baldiri Reixach
15-21, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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52
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Ranise A, Lucchesini F, Caviglia M, Alfei S, Spallarossa A, Caneva C. Unconventional stereoselective one-pot synthesis of Knoevenagel-type indoles via in situ condensation of iminium salts with active methylene reagents. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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53
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Hadimani MB, MacDonough MT, Ghatak A, Strecker TE, Lopez R, Sriram M, Nguyen BL, Hall JJ, Kessler RJ, Shirali AR, Liu L, Garner CM, Pettit GR, Hamel E, Chaplin DJ, Mason RP, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Synthesis of a 2-aryl-3-aroyl indole salt (OXi8007) resembling combretastatin A-4 with application as a vascular disrupting agent. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1668-78. [PMID: 24016002 PMCID: PMC3985392 DOI: 10.1021/np400374w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The natural products colchicine and combretastatin A-4 are potent inhibitors of tubulin assembly, and they have inspired the design and synthesis of a large number of small-molecule, potential anticancer agents. The indole-based molecular scaffold is prominent among these SAR modifications, leading to a rapidly increasing number of agents. The water-soluble phosphate prodrug 33 (OXi8007) of 2-aryl-3-aroylindole-based phenol 8 (OXi8006) was prepared by chemical synthesis and found to be strongly cytotoxic against selected human cancer cell lines (GI₅₀ = 36 nM against DU-145 cells, for example). The free phenol, 8 (OXi8006), was a strong inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 1.1 μM) of tubulin assembly. The corresponding phosphate prodrug 33 (OXi8007) also demonstrated pronounced interference with tumor vasculature in a preliminary in vivo study utilizing a SCID mouse model bearing an orthotopic PC-3 (prostate) tumor as imaged by color Doppler ultrasound. The combination of these results provides evidence that the indole-based phosphate prodrug 33 (OXi8007) functions as a vascular disrupting agent that may prove useful for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallinath B. Hadimani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Matthew T. MacDonough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Anjan Ghatak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Tracy E. Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Ramona Lopez
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058, USA
| | - Madhavi Sriram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Benson L. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - John J. Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Raymond J. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Anupama R. Shirali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058, USA
| | - Charles M. Garner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - George R. Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - David J. Chaplin
- Oxigene Inc., 701 Gateway Boulevard, Suite 210, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058, USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, USA
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 1-254-710-4117. Fax: 1-254-710-4272.
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54
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Tomé M, López C, González A, Ozay B, Quirante J, Font-Bardía M, Calvet T, Calvis C, Messeguer R, Baldomá L, Badía J. Trans- and cis-2-phenylindole platinum(II) complexes as cytotoxic agents against human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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55
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Marrelli M, Cachet X, Conforti F, Sirianni R, Chimento A, Pezzi V, Michel S, Statti GA, Menichini F. Synthesis of a new bis(indolyl)methane that inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:2039-45. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.824440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Xavier Cachet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8638 CNRS, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8638 CNRS, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Giancarlo A. Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
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56
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Kaushik NK, Kaushik N, Attri P, Kumar N, Kim CH, Verma AK, Choi EH. Biomedical importance of indoles. Molecules 2013; 18:6620-62. [PMID: 23743888 PMCID: PMC6270133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The indole nucleus is an important element of many natural and synthetic molecules with significant biological activity. This review covers some of the relevant and recent achievements in the biological, chemical and pharmacological activity of important indole derivatives in the areas of drug discovery and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Pankaj Attri
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Chung Hyeok Kim
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
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57
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzed one pot synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-a]quinazoline performed under ultrasonication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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58
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Indole molecules as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization: potential new anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2013; 4:2085-115. [PMID: 23157240 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Agents that interfere with tubulin function have a broad anti-tumor spectrum and they represent one of the most significant classes of anticancer agents. In the past few years, several small synthetic molecules that have an indole nucleus as a core structure have been identified as tubulin inhibitors. Among these, several aroylindoles, arylthioindoles, diarylindoles and indolylglyoxyamides have shown good inhibition towards the tubulin polymerization. This article reviews the synthesis, biological activities and SARs of these main classes of indoles. Brief mention has also been made about the fused indole analogs as tubulin inhibitors.
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59
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Preliminary biological evaluation and mechanism of action studies of selected 2-arylindoles against glioblastoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1918-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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60
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O'Boyle NM, Greene LM, Keely NO, Wang S, Cotter TS, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and biochemical activities of antiproliferative amino acid and phosphate derivatives of microtubule-disrupting β-lactam combretastatins. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:705-21. [PMID: 23454513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biochemical activities of novel water-soluble β-lactam analogues of combretastatin A-4 are described. The first series of compounds investigated, β-lactam phosphate esters 7a, 8a and 9a, exhibited potent antiproliferative activity and caused microtubule disruption in human breast carcinoma-derived MCF-7 cells. They did not inhibit tubulin polymerisation in vitro, indicating that biotransformation was necessary for their antiproliferative and tubulin binding effects in MCF-7 cells. The second series of compounds, β-lactam amino acid amides (including 10k and 11l) displayed potent antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 cells, disrupted microtubules in MCF-7 cells and also inhibited the polymerisation of tubulin in vitro. This indicates that the β-lactam amides did not require metabolic activation to have antiproliferative effects, in contrast to the phosphate series. Both series of compounds caused mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Molecular modelling studies indicated potential binding conformations for the β-lactam amino acid amides 10k and 11l in the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Due to their aqueous solubility and potent biochemical effects, these compounds are promising candidates for further development as microtubule-disrupting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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61
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Lee HY, Lee LW, Nien CY, Kuo CC, Lin PY, Chang CY, Chang JY, Liou JP. Application of Suzuki arylation, Sonogashira ethynylation and Rosenmund-von Braun cyanation in the exploration of substitution effects on the anticancer activity of 2-aroylquinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9593-600. [PMID: 23132325 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of functionalities were introduced at 2-aroylquinoline's C5 position, which is considered equivalent to C-3' of the B-ring of CA4, via Suzuki arylation, Sonogashira ethynylation, and Rosenmund-von Braun cyanation. These substitutions are rarely utilized in the modification of 3'-OH of CA4. The resulting products 6 and 7 having cyano and ethynyl groups exhibited comparable antiproliferative and tubulin inhibitory activities to colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
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62
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Lee HY, Chang JY, Nien CY, Kuo CC, Shih KH, Wu CH, Chang CY, Lai WY, Liou JP. 5-Amino-2-aroylquinolines as highly potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Part 2. The impact of bridging groups at position C-2. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8517-25. [PMID: 22060033 DOI: 10.1021/jm201031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of studies on the modification of combretastatin A-4 triggered our interest in the impact of the linkers between the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring and 5-amino-6-methoxyquinoline on biological activity. The replacement of the carbonyl group with bond, amine, ether, sulfide, and sulfone groups was evaluated in this study. The results showed that compounds 14 and 15 containing sulfide and sulfone groups between the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring (A-ring) and 5-amino-6-methoxyquinoline exhibited substantial antiproliferative activity against KB, HT29, and MKN45 cells with mean IC50 values of 42 and 12 nM, respectively. 15 inhibited the tubulin polymerization with an IC50 value of 2.0 μM, similar to that with CA4. The continued work on the C-5 substituents of 3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl-6-methoxyquinoline derivatives demonstrated that compound 7 possessing OH at C-5 exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity with mean IC50 values of 3.4 nM and microtubule destabilizing potency with an IC50 of 1.5 μM, comparable to that of CA4 (IC50=1.9 μM). It also exhibited substantial vascular disrupting effects. Compounds 7 and 15 exhibited significant efficacy against MDR/MRP-related drug-resistant cell lines (KB-vin10, KB-S15, and KB-7D) with mean IC50 values of 6.7 and 2.6 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
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63
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Krishnegowda G, Prakasha Gowda AS, Tagaram HRS, Carroll KFSO, Irby RB, Sharma AK, Amin S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of isatin analogs as dual inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and Akt pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6006-14. [PMID: 21920762 PMCID: PMC3235409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 5,7-dibromoisatin analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against four human cancer cell lines including colon HT29, breast MCF-7, lung A549 and melanoma UACC903. Analogs 6, 11 and 13 displayed good in vitro anticancer activity on the HT29 human colon cancer cell line in the 1 μM range. Analogs 5, 9 and 12, containing a selenocyanate group in the alkyl chain were the most promising compounds on the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Biological assays relating to apoptosis were performed to understand the mechanism of action of these analogs. Compounds 5 and 6 were found to inhibit tubulin polymerization to the same extent as the anticancer drug vinblastine sulfate, but compounds 11 and 13 inhibited significantly better than vinblastine. Further western blot analysis suggested that compound 6 at 2 μM reduced both levels and phosphorylation state of Akt. Compounds 11 and 13 at 1 μM caused reduced Akt protein levels and strongly suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt. Therefore, 11 and 13 were demonstrated as efficient dual inhibitors of both tubulin polymerization and the Akt pathway and good candidates for further study. More importantly, the strategy of microtubule and Akt dual inhibitors might be a promising direction for developing novel drugs for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowdahalli Krishnegowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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64
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Dhayalan V, Panchapakesan G, Mohanakrishnan AK. One-Pot Synthesis of 1-Phenylsulfonyl-2-aroylindoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.525333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Dhayalan
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Madras, Guindy Campus , Chennai , India
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65
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O’Boyle NM, Greene LM, Bergin O, Fichet JB, McCabe T, Lloyd DG, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis, evaluation and structural studies of antiproliferative tubulin-targeting azetidin-2-ones. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2306-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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66
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Quirante J, Dubar F, González A, Lopez C, Cascante M, Cortés R, Forfar I, Pradines B, Biot C. Ferrocene–indole hybrids for cancer and malaria therapy. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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67
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Zhu J, Xie H, Chen Z, Li S, Wu Y. Synthesis of 6-trifluoromethylindolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and related heterocycles using N-(2-iodophenyl)trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides as starting material via C–H bond functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1512-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03197f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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O'Boyle NM, Carr M, Greene LM, Bergin O, Nathwani SM, McCabe T, Lloyd DG, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and evaluation of azetidinone analogues of combretastatin A-4 as tubulin targeting agents. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8569-84. [PMID: 21080725 DOI: 10.1021/jm101115u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activity of a new series of rigid analogues of combretastatin A-4 are described which contain the 1,4-diaryl-2-azetidinone (β-lactam) ring system in place of the usual ethylene bridge present in the natural combretastatin stilbene products. These novel compounds are also substituted at position 3 of the β-lactam ring with an aryl ring. A number of analogues showed potent nanomolar activity in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, displayed in vitro inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and did not cause significant cytotoxicity in normal murine breast epithelial cells. 4-(4-Methoxyaryl)-substituted compound 32, 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyaryl)-substituted compounds 35 and 41, and the 3-(4-aminoaryl)-substituted compounds 46 and 47 displayed the most potent antiproliferative activity of the series. β-Lactam 41 in particular showed subnanomolar activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀= 0.8 nM) together with significant in vitro inhibition of tubulin polymerization and has been selected for further biochemical assessment. These novel β-lactam compounds are identified as potentially useful scaffolds for the further development of antitumor agents that target tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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69
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Novel benzofuran-3-one indole inhibitors of PI3 kinase-alpha and the mammalian target of rapamycin: hit to lead studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2586-90. [PMID: 20303263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzofuran-3-one indole phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K) inhibitors identified via HTS has been prepared. The optimized inhibitors possess single digit nanomolar activity against p110alpha (PI3K-alpha), good pharmaceutical properties, selectivity versus p110gamma (PI3K-gamma), and tunable selectivity versus the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Modeling of compounds 9 and 32 in homology models of PI3K-alpha and mTOR supports the proposed rationale for selectivity. Compounds show activity in multiple cellular proliferation assays with signaling through the PI3K pathway confirmed via phospho-Akt inhibition in PC-3 cells.
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70
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Jafarpour F, Hazrati H. Direct Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[a]carbazolesviaPalladium-Catalyzed Domino Annulation of Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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71
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Chiang YK, Kuo CC, Wu YS, Chen CT, Coumar MS, Wu JS, Hsieh HP, Chang CY, Jseng HY, Wu MH, Leou JS, Song JS, Chang JY, Lyu PC, Chao YS, Wu SY. Generation of ligand-based pharmacophore model and virtual screening for identification of novel tubulin inhibitors with potent anticancer activity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4221-33. [PMID: 19507860 DOI: 10.1021/jm801649y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A pharmacophore model, Hypo1, was built on the basis of 21 training-set indole compounds with varying levels of antiproliferative activity. Hypo1 possessed important chemical features required for the inhibitors and demonstrated good predictive ability for biological activity, with high correlation coefficients of 0.96 and 0.89 for the training-set and test-set compounds, respectively. Further utilization of the Hypo1 pharmacophore model to screen chemical database in silico led to the identification of four compounds with antiproliferative activity. Among these four compounds, 43 showed potent antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines with the strongest inhibition on the proliferation of KB cells (IC(50) = 187 nM). Further biological characterization revealed that 43 effectively inhibited tubulin polymerization and significantly induced cell cycle arrest in G(2)-M phase. In addition, 43 also showed the in vivo-like anticancer effects. To our knowledge, 43 is the most potent antiproliferative compound with antitubulin activity discovered by computer-aided drug design. The chemical novelty of 43 and its anticancer activities make this compound worthy of further lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kun Chiang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China
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72
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Marchand P, Antoine M, Le Baut G, Czech M, Baasner S, Günther E. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-aryl(indol-3-yl)glyoxamides as antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6715-27. [PMID: 19682911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and study of the structure-activity relationships of cytotoxic compounds based on N-pyridinyl or N-aryl-2-(1-benzylindol-3-yl)glyoxamide skeleton, represented by the lead structures D-24241 and D-24851, are described. The presence of N-(pyridin-4-yl) moiety was crucial for activity and 2-[1-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-4-yl)acetamide (55), the most potent derivative, showed IC(50)=39 nM, 51 nM and 11 nM against HeLa/KB (human cervix carcinoma), L1210 (murine leukemia) and SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma) cell lines proliferation assay, respectively, as active as the lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Marchand
- Nantes Université, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Département de Pharmacochimie, IICiMed UPRES EA 1155, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue Gaston Veil 44035 Nantes, France.
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73
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S9, a novel anticancer agent, exerts its anti-proliferative activity by interfering with both PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and microtubule cytoskeleton. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4881. [PMID: 19293927 PMCID: PMC2654064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in tumor formation and progression, providing validated targets for cancer therapy. S9, a hybrid of alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone and 2-phenyl indole compound, possessed potent activity against this pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Effects of S9 on PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway were determined by Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and in vitro kinas assay. The interactions between tubulin and S9 were investigated by polymerization assay, CD, and SPR assay. The potential binding modes between S9 and PI3K, mTOR or tubulin were analyzed by molecular modeling. Anti-tumor activity of S9 was evaluated in tumor cells and in nude mice bearing human cancer xenografts. S9 abrogated EGF-activated PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling cascade and Akt translocation to cellular membrane in human tumor cells. S9 possessed inhibitory activity against both PI3K and mTOR with little effect on other tested 30 kinases. S9 also completely impeded hyper-phosphorylation of Akt as a feedback of inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin. S9 unexpectedly arrested cells in M phase other than G1 phase, which was distinct from compounds targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Further study revealed that S9 inhibited tubulin polymerization via binding to colchicine-binding site of tubulin and resulted in microtubule disturbance. Molecular modeling indicated that S9 could potentially bind to the kinase domains of PI3K p110alpha subunit and mTOR, and shared similar hydrophobic interactions with colchicines in the complex with tubulin. Moreover, S9 induced rapid apoptosis in tumor cell, which might reflect a synergistic cooperation between blockade of both PI3-Akt-mTOR signaling and tubulin cytoskeleton. Finally, S9 displayed potent antiproliferative activity in a panel of tumor cells originated from different tissue types including drug-resistant cells and in nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, S9 targets both PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and microtubule cytoskeleton, which combinatorially contributes its antitumor activity and provides new clues for anticancer drug design and development.
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74
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Dhayalan V, Ramesh N, Mohanakrishnan AK. Lewis Acid–Mediated Arylation of N-Protected Bromomethylindoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802517863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Dhayalan
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Madras , Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Neelamegam Ramesh
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Madras , Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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75
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Synthesis of Hydrazone Derivatives of 4-(2-Chloroethyl) semicarbazide : A New Class of Cytotoxic Agents. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2009.53.1.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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76
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Vogel S, Kaufmann D, Pojarová M, Müller C, Pfaller T, Kühne S, Bednarski PJ, Angerer EV. Aroyl hydrazones of 2-phenylindole-3-carbaldehydes as novel antimitotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6436-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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77
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Pojarová M, Kaufmann D, Gastpar R, Nishino T, Reszka P, Bednarski PJ, von Angerer E. [(2-Phenylindol-3-yl)methylene]propanedinitriles inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells by cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7368-79. [PMID: 17889547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle arrest of malignant cells is an important option for cancer treatment. In this study, we modified the structure of antimitotic 2-phenylindole-3-carbaldehydes by condensation with malononitrile. The resulting methylene propanedinitriles inhibited the growth of MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC(50) values below 100 nM. Though they exhibited similar structure-activity relationships as the aldehydes, they did not inhibit tubulin polymerization but were capable of blocking the cell cycle in G(2)/M phase. The cell cycle arrest was accompanied by apoptosis as demonstrated by the activation of caspases 3 and 9. Since the new 2-phenylindole derivatives also inhibited the growth of transplanted MXT mouse mammary tumors, they are interesting candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Pojarová
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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78
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Vine KL, Locke JM, Ranson M, Pyne SG, Bremner JB. An investigation into the cytotoxicity and mode of action of some novel N-alkyl-substituted isatins. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5109-17. [PMID: 17887662 DOI: 10.1021/jm0704189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A range of substituted N-alkylisatins were synthesized and their cytotoxicity evaluated against several cancer cell lines in vitro. SAR studies indicated that the introduction of an aromatic ring with a one or three carbon atom linker at N1 enhanced the activity from that of the allyl, 2'-methoxyethyl, and 3'-methylbutyl N-substituted isatins. Furthermore, electron-withdrawing groups substituted at the meta or para position of the ring were favored over the ortho orientation. Of the 24 compounds screened, nine displayed sub-micromolar IC50 values and in general demonstrated greater selectivity toward leukemia and lymphoma cell lines over any of the carcinoma cell lines tested. 5,7-Dibromo-N-(p-methylbenzyl)isatin (6) was the most active compound, inhibiting the metabolic activity of both U937 and Jurkat cancer cell lines at 0.49 muM. Various N-alkylisatins were also found to dramatically alter lymphocyte morphology, destabilize microtubules, inhibit tubulin polymerization, induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, and activate the effector caspase-3 and -7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Vine
- School of Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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79
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Kaufmann D, Pojarová M, Vogel S, Liebl R, Gastpar R, Gross D, Nishino T, Pfaller T, von Angerer E. Antimitotic activities of 2-phenylindole-3-carbaldehydes in human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5122-36. [PMID: 17533132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules such as indoles are attractive as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Thus a number of 2-phenylindole-3-carbaldehydes with lipophilic substituents in both aromatic rings was synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity in MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Some 5-alkylindole derivatives with a 4-methoxy group in the 2-phenyl ring strongly inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells with IC(50) values of 5-20nM. Their action can be rationalized by the cell cycle arrest in G(2)/M phase due to the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kaufmann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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80
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Griffin C, Sharda N, Sood D, Nair J, McNulty J, Pandey S. Selective cytotoxicity of pancratistatin-related natural Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: evaluation of the activity of two new compounds. Cancer Cell Int 2007; 7:10. [PMID: 17550595 PMCID: PMC1892540 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancratistatin (PST), a compound extracted from an Amaryllidaceae (AMD) family plant, has been shown to specifically induce apoptosis in cancer cells with no/minimal toxic effect on normal cells. A systematic synthetic approach has indicated that the minimum cytotoxic pharmacophore comprises the trans-fused b/c-ring system containing the 2, 3, 4-triol unit in the C-ring. To further explore the structure-activity relationship of this group of compounds we have investigated the anti-cancer efficacy and specificity of two PST-related natural compounds, AMD4 and AMD5. Both of these compounds lack the polyhydroxylated lycorane element of PST instead having a methoxy-substuituted crinane skeleton. Results Our results indicate that AMD5 has efficacy and selectivity similar to PST, albeit at a 10-fold increased concentration. Interestingly AMD4 lacks apoptotic activity. Conclusion Our results indicate that the phenanthridone skeleton in natural Amaryllidaceae alkaloids may be a significant common element for selectivity against cancer cells; furthermore, the configuration of the methoxy-side groups is responsible for higher binding affinity to the target protein/s thus making for a more efficient anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Sharda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Divya Sood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerald Nair
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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81
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Zimmermann J, von Angerer E. Estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of 2,4-diphenylfuran-based ligands of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 104:259-68. [PMID: 17475477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) exists in two isoforms ERalpha and ERbeta with a different distribution in the body and different functions which are not clearly identified yet. Thus, it is desirable to have both agonists and antagonists with selectivity for one or the other ER isoform available. In a previous study we showed that 2,5-diphenylfurans can be converted into pure antiestrogens with preference for ERalpha. When the arrangement of the phenyl rings was altered to a 2,4-substitution, the alpha-selectivity was lost as demonstrated by comparative assays using recombinant human ERalpha and ERbeta. 3,5-Dialkyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenylfurans) were shown to act as agonists with preference for ERbeta. Replacement of one of the alkyl groups by the [(pentylsulfanyl)propyl]aminohexyl side chain afforded estrogen antagonists without receptor selectivity. These derivatives were characterized as pure antiestrogens in transcription and proliferation assays in ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The most potent antagonists displayed IC50 values of ca. 20 nM (fulvestrant 4 nM). The data showed that the 2,4-arrangement of the phenyl rings in the furan structure increases the binding affinity for ERbeta in comparison to the isomeric 2,5-diphenylfurans but does not lead to a pure antagonist with selectivity for ERbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Zimmermann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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82
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Fournier Dit Chabert J, Marquez B, Neville L, Joucla L, Broussous S, Bouhours P, David E, Pellet-Rostaing S, Marquet B, Moreau N, Lemaire M. Synthesis and evaluation of new arylbenzo[b]thiophene and diarylthiophene derivatives as inhibitors of the NorA multidrug transporter of Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4482-97. [PMID: 17498961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis based on palladium catalytic coupling of 38 new-arylated benzo[b]thiophenes or thiophenes is described in a few steps. We also report the direct arylation of the position 3 of the benzo[b]thiophenic structure, a 'one pot' 2,5-heterodiarylation of thiophenes as well as the synthesis of precursors of amino-acids with a 2-arylated benzo[b]thiophene core. These compounds were evaluated on bacteria strains: most of them did not exhibit any antibiotic activity but were found to selectively inhibit the NorA multidrug transporter of Staphylococcus aureus. As such, they restored the activity of the NorA substrates ciprofloxacin against a resistant S. aureus strain in which this efflux pump is over-expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Fournier Dit Chabert
- ICBMS, Institut de chimie et BiochimieMoléculaire et Supramoléculaire, UMR-CNRS 5246, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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83
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Kerr DJ, Hamel E, Jung MK, Flynn BL. The concise synthesis of chalcone, indanone and indenone analogues of combretastatin A4. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3290-8. [PMID: 17360188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of aryl- and aroyl-substituted chalcone analogues of the tubulin binding agent combretastatin A4 (1) were prepared, using a recently introduced one-pot palladium-mediated hydrostannylation-coupling reaction sequence. These chalcones were converted to indanones by Nazarov cyclisation, followed by oxidation to give the corresponding indenones. Indenones were also prepared using a palladium-mediated formal [3+2]-cycloaddition process between ortho-halobenzaldehydes and diarylpropynones. All compounds were assessed as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation, but only E-31 had activity similar to that of 1. However, compound E-31 did not exhibit antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kerr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Australia
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84
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Brancale A, Silvestri R. Indole, a core nucleus for potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:209-38. [PMID: 16788980 DOI: 10.1002/med.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are the basic components of cell structure, which take part in a wide number of pivotal cellular functions. Drugs that are able to modulate the microtubule assembly either by inhibition of tubulin polymerization or by blocking microtubule disassembly are of great interest in anti-cancer therapy. Several tubulin polymerization inhibitors characterized by the presence of an indole nucleus have been obtained from natural sources or have been prepared by semi-synthesis. In the last decade an ever increasing number of synthetic indoles have been reported. We have reviewed anti-tubulin agents obtained by synthesis having an indole as core nucleus. The synthesis, the biological activity, and the structure - activity relationship aspects of 3-formyl-2-phenylindoles, heterocombretastatins, diarylindoles, 2-aroylindoles, D-24851, 2-aryl-3-aroylindoles, 3-aroyl- and 1-aroylindoles, and arylthioindoles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brancale
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, United Kingdom
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85
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Dupeyre G, Chabot GG, Thoret S, Cachet X, Seguin J, Guénard D, Tillequin F, Scherman D, Koch M, Michel S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)indol-3-ylmethane derivatives as potential antivascular agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:4410-26. [PMID: 16529936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4 (CSA-4), a stilbene derivative, is a potent vascular disrupting agent (VDA) with the structural requirement of a cis-configuration to maintain a molecular geometry and a correct orientation of both phenyl groups. A series of indolic analogues of CSA-4 was synthesized by means of an efficient strategy. Six compounds (20b, 25b-27b, 32b, and 35b) were identified as potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and also displayed cytotoxic activities on B16 melanoma cells at a nanomolar level. Both activities were well correlated with the ability to induce morphological changes of EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. In conclusion, the cis-stilbene skeleton of CSA-4 could conveniently be replaced by the 3-aroylindolic moiety, thus avoiding any isomerization leading to inactive trans compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Dupeyre
- Université Paris 5, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, UMR 8638 CNRS, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, France
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86
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De Martino G, Edler MC, La Regina G, Coluccia A, Barbera MC, Barrow D, Nicholson RI, Chiosis G, Brancale A, Hamel E, Artico M, Silvestri R. New Arylthioindoles: Potent Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization. 2. Structure−Activity Relationships and Molecular Modeling Studies. J Med Chem 2006; 49:947-54. [PMID: 16451061 DOI: 10.1021/jm050809s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arylthioindoles (ATIs) that possess a 3-methoxyphenylthio or a 3,5-dimethoxyphenylthio moiety at position 2 of the indole ring were effective tubulin assembly inhibitors, but weak inhibitors of MCF-7 cell growth. ATIs bearing a 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)thio moiety were potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors, with IC(50)s in the 2.0 (35) to 4.5 (37) microM range. They also inhibited MCF-7 cell growth at nanomolar concentrations. The 3,4,5-trimethoxy substituted ATIs showed potencies comparable to those of the reference compounds colchicine and combretastatin A-4 in both tubulin assembly and cell growth inhibition assays. Dynamics simulation studies correlate well with the observed experimental data. Furthermore, from careful analysis of the biological and in silico data, we can now hypothesize a basic pharmacophore for this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella De Martino
- Istituto Pasteur--Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Studi Farmaceutici, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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87
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Mahboobi S, Sellmer A, Beckers T. Development of Tubulin Inhibitors as Antimitotic Agents for Cancer Therapy. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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88
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Bressy C, Alberico D, Lautens M. A Route to Annulated Indoles via a Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Alkylation/Direct Arylation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:13148-9. [PMID: 16173734 DOI: 10.1021/ja054472v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A norbornene-mediated palladium-catalyzed tandem alkylation/C-H functionalization sequence is described, in which an alkyl-aryl bond and a heteroaryl-aryl bond are formed in one pot. A variety of highly substituted six- and seven-membered ring annulated indoles were synthesized in good yields from bromoalkyl indoles and aryl iodides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bressy
- Davenport Laboratories, Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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89
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Li Q, Sham HL. Discovery and development of antimitotic agents that inhibit tubulin polymerisation for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.11.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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90
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91
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De Martino G, La Regina G, Coluccia A, Edler MC, Barbera MC, Brancale A, Wilcox E, Hamel E, Artico M, Silvestri R. Arylthioindoles, potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. J Med Chem 2005; 47:6120-3. [PMID: 15566282 DOI: 10.1021/jm049360d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several arylthioindoles had excellent activity as inhibitors both of tubulin polymerization and of the growth of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Methyl 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)thio]-5-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (21), the most potent derivative, showed IC(50) = 2.0 microM, 1.6 times more active than colchicine and about as active as combretastatin A-4 (CSA4). Compound 21 inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cells at IC(50) = 13 nM. Colchicine and CSA4 had 13 nM and 17 nM IC(50) values, respectively, with these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella De Martino
- Dipartimento di Studi Farmaceutici, Università di Roma, La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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92
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Design and synthesis of novel χ2-constrained phenylalanine, naphthylalanine, and tryptophan analogues and their use in biologically active melanotropin peptides. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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93
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Mahboobi S, Pongratz H, Hufsky H, Hockemeyer J, Frieser M, Lyssenko A, Paper DH, Bürgermeister J, Böhmer FD, Fiebig HH, Burger AM, Baasner S, Beckers T. Synthetic 2-aroylindole derivatives as a new class of potent tubulin-inhibitory, antimitotic agents. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4535-53. [PMID: 11741473 DOI: 10.1021/jm010940+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of simple synthetic antimitotic compounds based on 2-aroylindoles was discovered. (5-Methoxy-1H-2-indolyl)-phenylmethanone (1) as well as analogous 3-fluorophenyl- (36) and 3-methoxyphenyl (3) derivatives displayed high cytotoxicity of IC(50) = 20 to 75 nM against the human HeLa/KB cervical, SK-OV-3 ovarian, and U373 astrocytoma carcinoma cell lines. The inhibition of proliferation correlated with the arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In in vitro assays with tubulin isolated from bovine brain, in general antiproliferative activity correlated with inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Thus, the antimitotic activity of 2-aroylindoles is explained by interference with the mitotic spindle apparatus and destabilization of microtubules. In contrast to colchicine, vincristine, nocodazole, or taxol, 1 did not significantly affect the GTPase activity of beta-tubulin. Interestingly, selected compounds inhibited angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In xenograft experiments, 1 was highly active after oral administration at 200 mg/kg against the human amelanocytic melanoma MEXF 989 in athymic nude mice. We conclude, that 2-aroylindoles constitute an interesting new class of antitubulin agents with the potential to be clinically developed for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahboobi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. @
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94
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Chen Z, Mocharla VP, Farmer JM, Pettit GR, Hamel E, Pinney KG. Preparation of new anti-tubulin ligands through a dual-mode, addition-elimination reaction to a bromo-substituted alpha, beta-unsaturated sulfoxide. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8811-5. [PMID: 11112609 DOI: 10.1021/jo0004761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, P.O. Box 97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
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95
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Pinney KG, Mejia MP, Villalobos VM, Rosenquist BE, Pettit GR, Verdier-Pinard P, Hamel E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryl azide derivatives of combretastatin A-4 as molecular probes for tubulin. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:2417-25. [PMID: 11058036 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new aryl azides, (Z)-1-(3'-azido-4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3",4",5"-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene 9 and (Z)-1-(4'-azido-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3",4",5"-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene 5, modeled after the potent antitumor, antimitotic agent combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), have been prepared by chemical synthesis as potentially useful photoaffinity labeling reagents for the colchicine site on beta-tubulin. Aryl azide 9, in which the 3'-hydroxyl group of CA-4 is replaced by an azido moiety, demonstrates excellent in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (NCI 60 cell line panel, average GI50 = 4.07 x 10(-8) M) and potent inhibition of tubulin polymerization (IC50 = 1.4+/-0.1 microM). The 4'-azido analogue 5 has lower activity (NCI 60 cell line panel, average GI50 = 2.28 x 10(-6) M, and IC50 = 5.2+/-0.2 microM for inhibition of tubulin polymerization), suggesting the importance of the 4'-methoxy moiety for interaction with the colchicine binding site on tubulin. These CA-4 aryl azide analogues also inhibit binding of colchicine to tubulin, as does the parent CA-4, and therefore these compounds are excellent candidates for photoaffinity labeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA.
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