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Kanthe AD, Krause M, Zheng S, Ilott A, Li J, Bu W, Bera MK, Lin B, Maldarelli C, Tu RS. Armoring the Interface with Surfactants to Prevent the Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibodies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9977-9988. [PMID: 32013386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry uses surface-active agents (excipients) in protein drug formulations to prevent the aggregation, denaturation, and unwanted immunological response of therapeutic drugs in solution as well as at the air/water interface. However, the mechanism of adsorption, desorption, and aggregation of proteins at the interface in the presence of excipients remains poorly understood. The objective of this work is to explore the molecular-scale competitive adsorption process between surfactant-based excipients and two monoclonal antibody (mAb) proteins, mAb-1 and mAb-2. We use pendant bubble tensiometry to measure the ensemble average adsorption dynamics of mAbs with and without the excipient. The surface tension measurements allow us to quantify the rate at which the molecules "race" to the interface in single-component and mixed systems. These results define the phase space, where coadsorption of both mAbs and excipients occurs onto the air/water interface. In parallel, we use X-ray reflectivity (XR) measurements to understand the molecular-scale dynamics of competitive adsorption, revealing the surface-adsorbed amounts of the antibody and excipient. XR has revealed that at a sufficiently high surface concentration of the excipient, mAb adsorption to the surface and subsurface domains was inhibited. In addition, despite the fact that both mAbs adsorb via a similar mechanistic pathway and with similar dynamics, a key finding is that the competition for the interface directly correlates with the surface activity of the two mAbs, resulting in a fivefold difference in the concentration of the excipient needed to displace the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit D Kanthe
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The City College of New York , New York , New York 10031 United States
| | - Mary Krause
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 United States
| | - Songyan Zheng
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 United States
| | - Andrew Ilott
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 United States
| | - Jinjiang Li
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 United States
| | - Wei Bu
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Mrinal K Bera
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Charles Maldarelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The City College of New York , New York , New York 10031 United States
- Levich Institute , The City College of New York , New York , New York 10031 United States
| | - Raymond S Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The City College of New York , New York , New York 10031 United States
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52
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Marques AC, Costa PJ, Velho S, Amaral MH. Functionalizing nanoparticles with cancer-targeting antibodies: A comparison of strategies. J Control Release 2020; 320:180-200. [PMID: 31978444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Standard cancer therapies sometimes fail to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor cells in a safe and effective manner. Nanotechnology takes the lead in providing new therapeutic options for cancer due to major potential for selective targeting and controlled drug release. Antibodies and antibody fragments are attracting much attention as a source of targeting ligands to bind specific receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells. Therefore, researchers are devoting time and effort to develop targeting strategies based on nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies, which hold great promise to enhance therapeutic efficacy and circumvent severe side effects. Several methods have been described to immobilize antibodies on the surface of nanoparticles. However, selecting the most appropriate for each application is challenging but also imperative to preserve antigen binding ability and yield stable antibody-conjugated nanoparticles. From this perspective, we aim to provide considerable knowledge on the most widely used methods of functionalization that can be helpful for decision-making and design of conjugation protocols as well. This review summarizes adsorption, covalent conjugation (carbodiimide, maleimide and "click" chemistries) and biotin-avidin interaction, while discussing the advantages, limitations and relevant therapeutic approaches currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - P J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Velho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M H Amaral
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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53
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Surfaces Affect Screening Reliability in Formulation Development of Biologics. Pharm Res 2020; 37:27. [PMID: 31907628 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ability to predict an antibody's propensity for aggregation is particularly important during product development to ensure the quality and safety of therapeutic antibodies. We demonstrate the role of container surfaces on the aggregation process of three mAbs under elevated temperature and long-term storage conditions in the absence of mechanical stress. METHODS A systematic study of aggregation is performed for different proteins, vial material, storage temperature, and presence of surfactant. We use size exclusion chromatography and micro-flow imaging to determine the bulk concentration of aggregates, which we combine with optical and atomic force microscopy of vial surfaces to determine the effect of solid-liquid interfaces on the bulk aggregate concentration under different conditions. RESULTS We show that protein particles under elevated temperature conditions adhere to the vial surfaces, causing a substantial underestimation of aggregation propensity as determined by common methods used in development of biologics. Under actual long-term storage conditions at 5°C, aggregate particles do not adhere to the surface, causing an increase in bulk concentration of particles, which cannot be predicted from elevated temperature screening tests by common methods alone. We also identify specific protein - surface interactions which promote oligomer formation in the nanometre range. CONCLUSIONS Special care should be taken when interpreting size exclusion and particle count data from stability studies if different temperatures and vial types are involved. We propose a novel combination of methods to characterise vial surfaces and bulk solution for a full understanding of protein aggregation processes in a sample.
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54
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Deliorman M, Janahi FK, Sukumar P, Glia A, Alnemari R, Fadl S, Chen W, Qasaimeh MA. AFM-compatible microfluidic platform for affinity-based capture and nanomechanical characterization of circulating tumor cells. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:20. [PMID: 34567635 PMCID: PMC8433216 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) carried by the patient's bloodstream are known to lead to the metastatic spread of cancer. It is becoming increasingly clear that an understanding of the nanomechanical characteristics of CTCs, such as elasticity and adhesiveness, represents advancements in tracking and monitoring cancer progression and metastasis. In the present work, we describe a combined microfluidic-atomic force microscopy (AFM) platform that uses antibody-antigen capture to routinely isolate and nanomechanically characterize CTCs present in blood samples from prostate cancer patients. We introduce the reversible assembly of a microfluidic device and apply refined and robust chemistry to covalently bond antibodies onto its glass substrate with high density and the desired orientation. As a result, we show that the device can efficiently capture CTCs from patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer through anti-EpCAM, anti-PSA, and anti-PSMA antibodies, and it is suitable for AFM measurements of captured intact CTCs. When nanomechanically characterized, CTCs originating from metastatic cancer demonstrate decreased elasticity and increased deformability compared to those originating from localized cancer. While the average adhesion of CTCs to the AFM tip surface remained the same in both the groups, there were fewer multiple adhesion events in metastatic CTCs than there were in their counterparts. The developed platform is simple, robust, and reliable and can be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer as well as other forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammedin Deliorman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Farhad K. Janahi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 505055, Dubai, UAE
| | - Pavithra Sukumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayoub Glia
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Roaa Alnemari
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Samar Fadl
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
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55
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Vázquez NAR. Adsorption of terbium ion on Fc/dymethylacrylamide: application of Monte Carlo simulation. POLIMEROS 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.08419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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56
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Pollok NE, Rabin C, Smith L, Crooks RM. Orientation-Controlled Bioconjugation of Antibodies to Silver Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:3078-3086. [PMID: 31730333 PMCID: PMC6920564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on the use of heterobifunctional cross-linkers (HBCLs) to control the number, orientation, and activity of immunoglobulin G antibodies (Abs) conjugated to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A hydrazone conjugation method resulted in exclusive modification of the polysaccharide chains present on the fragment crystallizable region of the Abs, leaving the antigen-binding regions accessible. Two HBCLs, each having a hydrazide terminal group, were synthesized and tested for effectiveness. The two HBCLs differed in two respects, however: (1) either a thiol or a dithiolane group was used for attachment to the AgNP; and (2) the spacer arm was either a PEG chain or an alkyl chain. Both cross-linkers immobilized 5 ± 1 Abs on the surface of each 20-nm-diameter AgNP. Electrochemical results, obtained using a half-metalloimmunoassay, proved that Abs conjugated to AgNPs via either of the two HBCLs were 4 times more active than those conjugated by the more common physisorption technique. This finding confirmed that the HBCLs exerted orientational control over the Abs. We also demonstrated that the AgNP-HBCL-Ab conjugates were stable and active for at least 2 weeks. Finally, we found that the stability of the HBCLs themselves was related to the nature of their spacer arms. Specifically, the results showed that the HBCL having the alkyl chain is chemically stable for at least 90 days, making it the preferred cross-linker for bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leilani Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, U.S.A
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, U.S.A
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57
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Hu J, Gao M, Wang Y, Liu M, Wang J, Li J, Song Z, Chen Y, Wang Z. Imaging the Substructures of Individual IgE Antibodies with Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14896-14901. [PMID: 31661619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between antibodies and substrates directly affect their conformations and thus their immune functions. Therefore, it is desirable to study the structures of antibodies at the single molecule level. Herein, the substructures of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) on solid surfaces were investigated. For this purpose, tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to observe individual IgE substructures adsorbed onto Mg2+ and Na+ modified mica substrates in air. As expected, the AFM images revealed that the IgE antibodies exhibited different conformations on the surface of mica substrate consisting of the four basic orientations: three domain, two equivalent domain, two unequal domain, and single domain morphologies. Moreover, the differences in the different orientations in single IgE antibodies were also identified clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Mingyan Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Jiani Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Zhengxun Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- School of Life Sciences , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- JR3CN & IRAC , University of Bedfordshire , Luton LU1 3JU , U.K
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58
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Ruane S, Li Z, Campana M, Hu X, Gong H, Webster JRP, Uddin F, Kalonia C, Bishop SM, van der Walle CF, Lu JR. Interfacial Adsorption of a Monoclonal Antibody and Its Fab and Fc Fragments at the Oil/Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13543-13552. [PMID: 31510747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The physical stability of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) solution for injection in a prefilled syringe may in part depend on its behavior at the silicone oil/water interface. Here, the adsorption of a mAb (termed COE-3) and its fragment antigen-binding (Fab) and crystallizable (Fc) at the oil/water interface was measured using neutron reflection. A 1.4 ± 0.1 μm hexadecane oil film was formed on a sapphire block by a spin-freeze-thaw process, retaining its integrity upon contact with the protein solutions. Measurements revealed that adsorbed COE-3 and its Fab and Fc fragments retained their globular structure, forming layers that did not penetrate substantially into the oil phase. COE-3 and Fc were found to adsorb flat-on to the interface, with denser 45 and 42 Å inner layers, respectively, in contact with the oil and a more diffuse 17-21 Å outer layer caused by fragments adsorbing in a tilted manner. In contrast, Fab fragments formed a uniform 60 Å monolayer. Monolayers were formed under all conditions studied (10-200 ppm, using three isotopic contrasts), although changes in packing density across the COE-3 and Fc layers were observed. COE-3 had a higher affinity to the interface than either of its constituent fragments, while Fab had a lower interfacial affinity consistent with its higher net surface charge. This study extends the application of high-resolution neutron reflection measurements to the study of protein adsorption at the oil/water interface using an experimental setup mimicking the protein drug product in a siliconized prefilled syringe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ruane
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Zongyi Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Mario Campana
- ISIS Neutron Facility , STFC , Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QZ , U.K
| | - Xuzhi Hu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Haoning Gong
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | | | - Faisal Uddin
- Dosage Form Design & Development , AstraZeneca , Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH , U.K
| | - Cavan Kalonia
- Dosage Form Design & Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Steven M Bishop
- Dosage Form Design & Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | | | - Jian R Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
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59
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Zhang H, Miller BL. Immunosensor-based label-free and multiplex detection of influenza viruses: State of the art. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111476. [PMID: 31272058 PMCID: PMC6717022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of influenza viruses to rapidly evolve has caused significant challenges in viral surveillance, diagnosis, and therapeutic development. Molecular sequencing methods, though powerful tools for monitoring influenza evolution at the genetic level, are not able to fully characterize the antigenic properties of influenza viruses. Understanding influenza virus antigenicity is critical to vaccine development and disease prevention. Traditional immunoassays which have been widely used for evaluating influenza antigenicity have limited throughput. To alleviate these problems, new bioanalytical tools to investigate influenza antigenicity by measuring antibody-antigen binding are an active area of research. Herein, we review immunosensor technologies from the aspects of various sensing principles, while highlighting recent developments in multiplex, label-free detection strategies. Highlighted technologies include electrochemical immunosensors relying on impedimetric detection; these demonstrate simple design and cost effectiveness for mass production. Antibody arrays implemented on an optical interferometric sensor system allow systematic characterization of influenza antigenicity. Quartz microbalance immunosensors are highly sensitive but have yet to be explored for multiplex sensing. Immunosensors made on lateral flow strips have shown promise in rapid diagnosis of influenza subtypes. We anticipate that these and other technologies discussed in the review will facilitate advances in the study of influenza, and other viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 500 Joseph C. Wilson Blvd. Box 270216, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Benjamin L Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 500 Joseph C. Wilson Blvd. Box 270216, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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60
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Barbosa AI, Barreto AS, Reis NM. Transparent, Hydrophobic Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Offers Rapid, Robust, and Irreversible Passive Adsorption of Diagnostic Antibodies for Sensitive Optical Biosensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2780-2790. [PMID: 35030812 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Current literature data is scarce and somehow contradictory in respect to the suitability of "nonstick" fluoropolymer surfaces for immobilization of biomolecules. We have previously shown empirically that transparent Teflon fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) offers rapid and sensitive optical biosensing of clinically relevant biomarkers. This study shows for the first time a comprehensive experimental analysis of passive adsorption of diagnostic IgG antibodies on actual Teflon FEP microfluidic strips. Full equilibrium isotherms and kinetics for passive adsorption were studied and modeled employing a protein titration method using hundreds of multibore microfluidic strips for a range of temperatures, pH, ionic strengths, and inner diameters, using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody systems. Results were benchmarked against other plastic hydrophobic and glass hydrophilic capillary surfaces. For the first time, it was shown quantitatively that the hydrophobicity of fluoropolymer surfaces encourages the passive adsorption of diagnostic antibodies for biosensing and is insensitive to the temperature of incubation and to ionic buffer strength. The mass of captured antigen increased with increasing antibody surface coverage up to ∼400 ng/cm2, with an optimal adsorbed antibody activity for 45-69% of full monolayer coverage, matching results of other biosensing surfaces. The equilibrium was reached fast, within 5-10 min, and surprisingly both the kinetics and equilibrium of antibody adsorption were dependent on the inner diameter of microcapillaries. This is a novel and relevant result that will generally impact on the design of miniaturized microfluidic biosensing devices. The antibody surface densities obtained with hydrophobic plastic surfaces were 2- to 4-fold lower than for a hydrophilic, glass surface, however the former presented a monolayered adsorption with a higher level of irreversibility, as shown by the adsorption and desorption rates around 1 order of magnitude smaller than for glass, which is highly desirable for biosensing with surface-coated biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Barbosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto Sampaio Barreto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Miguel Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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61
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Jin J, Ma J, Song L, Jiang W, Ederth T. Fabrication of a polypropylene immunoassay platform by photografting reaction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:492-501. [PMID: 31147020 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The technology of an immunoassay detection platform is critical to clinical disease diagnoses, especially for developing a medical diagnostic system. A polymer-based immunoassay platform was fabricated on nonwoven fabric polypropylene (PP) using a photografting reaction to graft 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and sulfobetaine (SBMA). The antifouling properties of PP-g-P(HEMA-co-SBMA) were investigated by fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion. Carbonyldiimidazole was employed to activate the pendant hydroxyl groups in HEMA moieties and covalently coupled antibody molecules. The detection of the limit of the immunoassay platform was as low as 10 pg/mL. Antibody amount and bioactivity affected the availability of antibody and the sensitivity of immunoassay. The immune efficiency was dependent on the strategies of antibody immobilization. The immune efficiency of Au-g-P(SBMA-co-HEMA) and Au-SH surfaces measured by QCM-D was 165% and 35.7%, respectively. The covalently binding antibody via hydrophilic polymer chains as spacers could retain fragment antigen-binding up orientation, maintain the bioactivity of antibody, and mainly improve the accessibility of antibody molecules via adjusting the conformations of polymer chains when the antibodies recognized the antigens. Therefore, grafting hydrophilic polymers, such as zwitterionic PSBMA and reactive PHEMA onto nonwoven fabric PP, and binding antibody by covalent strategy had the potential to be developed as a commercial immunoassay platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jiao Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials and Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lingjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Thomas Ederth
- Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
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62
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Lou D, Ji L, Fan L, Ji Y, Gu N, Zhang Y. Antibody-Oriented Strategy and Mechanism for the Preparation of Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Fast and Sensitive Immunodetection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4860-4867. [PMID: 30821462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprobes have been widely used in biomedical engineering. However, antibodies are generally conjugated onto nanoparticles disorderly, which reduces their antigen recognition ability. The existing antibody orientation approaches are usually complex. Here, we developed and demonstrated a simple antibody-oriented strategy for the lateral flow immunoassay of cardiac troponin I by conjugating antibodies onto polystyrene nanospheres at the optimal pH. The binding amount and orientation of antibodies as well as the detection sensitivity were significantly improved. Although pH regulation is commonly used to optimize antibody conjugation, this paper illustrates the mechanism of its antibody orientation enhancement ability for the first time and reveals the important influences of the density, the charge distribution and hydrophilicity of the antibody, the control of the velocities of physical adsorption and chemical coupling, and other factors on antibody orientation. It is of great significance to understand and regulate antibody conjugation on the surface of micro- or nanospheres to construct high-performance probes for in vitro diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Lu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Lin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Yongxin Ji
- Nanjing Nanoeast Biotech Co., LTD , Nanjing 211100 , China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
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Awsiuk K, Petrou P, Thanassoulas A, Raczkowska J. Orientation of Biotin-Binding Sites in Streptavidin Adsorbed onto the Surface of Polythiophene Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3058-3066. [PMID: 30696244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of biotin-binding sites of streptavidin adsorbed to thin films of three polythiophenes (PTs), namely, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RP3HT), regiorandom poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT), and poly(3,3‴-didodecylquaterthiophene) (PQT12), has been investigated. Polymer films were examined prior to and after protein adsorption with atomic force microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to ToF-SIMS data revealed subtle changes in surface chemistry of polymer films and orientation of adsorbed streptavidin. PCA resolved the surface alignment of alkyl side chains and differentiated the ToF-SIMS data for PQT12, RP3HT, and P3BT, verifying an amorphous morphology for P3BT and a semicrystalline one for PQT12 and RP3HT. After the characterization of the polymeric films, streptavidin adsorption from solutions with different protein concentrations (up to 300 μg/mL) has been conducted. The PCA results distinguished between amino acids characteristic for external regions of streptavidin molecules adsorbed to different PTs suggest that streptavidin adsorbed to PQT12 exposes molecular regions rich in tryptophan and tyrosine, which are components of the biotin-binding sites. The latter results were confirmed using biotin-labeled horse radish peroxidase to estimate the exposed binding sites of streptavidin adsorbed onto the different PT films. The analysis of streptavidin structure suggests that interaction between polythiophene film and dipole moment of streptavidin subunit is responsible for orientation of biotin-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Awsiuk
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , 30-348 Kraków , Poland
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety , NCSR Demokritos , 15310 Agia Paraskevi , Greece
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety , NCSR Demokritos , 15310 Agia Paraskevi , Greece
| | - Angelos Thanassoulas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety , NCSR Demokritos , 15310 Agia Paraskevi , Greece
| | - Joanna Raczkowska
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , 30-348 Kraków , Poland
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64
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Ebrahim-Habibi MB, Ghobeh M, Mahyari FA, Rafii-Tabar H, Sasanpour P. An investigation into non-covalent functionalization of a single-walled carbon nanotube and a graphene sheet with protein G:A combined experimental and molecular dynamics study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1273. [PMID: 30718580 PMCID: PMC6362288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of non-covalent interaction of hydrophobic surfaces with the protein G (PrG) is necessary due to their frequent utilization in immunosensors and ELISA. It has been confirmed that surfaces, including carbonous-nanostructures (CNS) could orient proteins for a better activation. Herein, PrG interaction with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and graphene (Gra) nanostructures was studied by employing experimental and MD simulation techniques. It is confirmed that the PrG could adequately interact with both SWCNT and Gra and therefore fine dispersion for them was achieved in the media. Results indicated that even though SWCNT was loaded with more content of PrG in comparison with the Gra, the adsorption of the PrG on Gra did not induce significant changes in the IgG tendency. Several orientations of the PrG were adopted in the presence of SWCNT or Gra; however, SWCNT could block the PrG-FcR. Moreover, it was confirmed that SWCNT reduced the α-helical structure content in the PrG. Reduction of α-helical structure of the PrG and improper orientation of the PrG-SWCNT could remarkably decrease the PrG tendency to the Fc of the IgG. Importantly, the Gra could appropriately orient the PrG by both exposing the PrG-FcR and also by blocking the fragment of the PrG that had tendency to interact with Fab in IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Bagher Ebrahim-Habibi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghobeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hashem Rafii-Tabar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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65
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Development of a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) through use of poly-protein G-expressing cell-based microplates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17868. [PMID: 30552393 PMCID: PMC6294806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is limited by the low binding avidity and heterogeneous orientation of capture antibodies coated on polystyrene-based microplates. Here, we developed a highly sensitive ELISA strategy by fixing poly-protein G-expressing cells on microplates to improve the coating amount and displayed orientation of capture antibodies. One or eight repeated fragment crystallisable (Fc) binding domains of protein G are stably expressed on the surface of BALB/c 3T3 cells (termed 1pG cells or 8pG cells), which then act as highly antibody-trapping microparticles. The 8pG cells showed higher antibody-trapping ability than the 1pG cells did. The antibody-coating amount of the 8pG cell-based microplates was 1.5–23 times and 1.2–6.8 times higher than that of traditional polystyrene-based and commercial protein G-based microplates, respectively. The 8pG cell-based microplates were then applied to an anti-IFN-α sandwich ELISA and an anti-CTLA4 competitive ELISA, respectively, and dramatically enhanced their detection sensitivity. Importantly, direct coating unpurified capture antibody produced by mammalian cells did not impair the antigen-capturing function of 8pG cell-based microplates. The 8pG cell-based microplates exhibited a significant improvement in antibody-coating amount and preserved the homogeneous orientation of capture antibodies, making them a potential replacement for traditional microplates in various formats of ELISAs.
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66
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Pivetal J, Pereira FM, Barbosa AI, Castanheira AP, Reis NM, Edwards AD. Covalent immobilisation of antibodies in Teflon-FEP microfluidic devices for the sensitive quantification of clinically relevant protein biomarkers. Analyst 2018; 142:959-968. [PMID: 28232992 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study reports for the first time the sensitive colorimetric and fluorescence detection of clinically relevant protein biomarkers by sandwich immunoassays using the covalent immobilisation of antibodies onto the fluoropolymer surface inside Teflon®-FEP microfluidic devices. Teflon®-FEP has outstanding optical transparency ideal for high-sensitivity colorimetric and fluorescence bioassays, however this thermoplastic is regarded as chemically inert and very hydrophobic. Covalent immobilisation can offer benefits over passive adsorption to plastic surfaces by allowing better control over antibody density, orientation and analyte binding capacity, and so we tested a range of different and novel covalent immobilisation strategies. We first functionalised the inner surface of a 10-bore, 200 μm internal diameter FEP microcapillary film with high-molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) without changing the outstanding optical transparency of the device delivered by the matched refractive index of FEP and water. Glutaraldehyde immobilisation was compared with the use of photoactivated linkers and NHS-ester crosslinkers for covalently immobilising capture antibodies onto PVOH. Three clinically relevant sandwich ELISAs were tested against the cytokine IL-1β, the myocardial infarct marker cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and the chronic heart failure marker brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Overall, glutaraldehyde immobilisation was effective for BNP assays, but yielded unacceptable background for IL-1β and cTnI assays caused by direct binding of the biotinylated detection antibody to the modified PVOH surface. We found NHS-ester groups reacted with APTES-treated PVOH coated fluoropolymers. This facilitated a novel method for capture antibody immobilisation onto fluoropolymer devices using a bifunctional NHS-maleimide crosslinker. The density of covalently immobilised capture antibodies achieved using PVOH/APTES/NHS/maleimide approached levels seen with passive adsorption, and sensitive and quantitative assay performance was achieved using this method. Overall, the PVOH coating provided an excellent surface for controlled covalent antibody immobilisation onto Teflon®-FEP for performing high-sensitivity immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pivetal
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Filipa M Pereira
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK
| | - Ana I Barbosa
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Ana P Castanheira
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK
| | - Nuno M Reis
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alexander D Edwards
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK. and Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK
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67
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Barbosa AI, Reis NM. A critical insight into the development pipeline of microfluidic immunoassay devices for the sensitive quantitation of protein biomarkers at the point of care. Analyst 2018; 142:858-882. [PMID: 28217778 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The latest clinical procedures for the timely and cost-effective diagnosis of chronic and acute clinical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes or sepsis (i.e. the biggest causes of death worldwide), involve the quantitation of specific protein biomarkers released into the blood stream or other physiological fluids (e.g. urine or saliva). The clinical thresholds are usually in the femtomolar to picolomar range, and consequently the measurement of these protein biomarkers heavily relies on highly sophisticated, bulky and automated equipment in centralised pathology laboratories. The first microfluidic devices capable of measuring protein biomarkers in miniaturised immunoassays were presented nearly two decades ago and promised to revolutionise point-of-care (POC) testing by offering unmatched sensitivity and automation in a compact POC format; however, the development and adoption of microfluidic protein biomarker tests has fallen behind expectations. This review presents a detailed critical overview into the pipeline of microfluidic devices developed in the period 2005-2016 capable of measuring protein biomarkers from the pM to fM range in formats compatible with POC testing, with a particular focus on the use of affordable microfluidic materials and compact low-cost signal interrogation. The integration of these two important features (essential unique selling points for the successful microfluidic diagnostic products) has been missed in previous review articles and explain the poor adoption of microfluidic technologies in this field. Most current miniaturised devices compromise either on the affordability, compactness and/or performance of the test, making current tests unsuitable for the POC measurement of protein biomarkers. Seven core technical areas, including (i) the selected strategy for antibody immobilisation, (ii) the surface area and surface-area-to-volume ratio, (iii) surface passivation, (iv) the biological matrix interference, (v) fluid control, (vi) the signal detection modes and (vii) the affordability of the manufacturing process and detection system, were identified as the key to the effective development of a sensitive and affordable microfluidic protein biomarker POC test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Barbosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Nuno M Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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68
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Zhang Z, Orski S, Woys AM, Yuan G, Zarraga IE, Wagner NJ, Liu Y. Adsorption of polysorbate 20 and proteins on hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces studied by neutron reflectometry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 168:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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69
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Papadakis G, Murasova P, Hamiot A, Tsougeni K, Kaprou G, Eck M, Rabus D, Bilkova Z, Dupuy B, Jobst G, Tserepi A, Gogolides E, Gizeli E. Micro-nano-bio acoustic system for the detection of foodborne pathogens in real samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 111:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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70
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Li Z, Chen GY. Current Conjugation Methods for Immunosensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E278. [PMID: 29701654 PMCID: PMC5977292 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of immunosensors using polymeric nanomaterials and nanoparticles have enabled a wide range of new functions and applications in diagnostic and prognostic research. One fundamental challenge that all immunosensors must overcome is to provide the specificity of target molecular recognition by immobilizing antibodies, antibody fragments, and/or other peptides or oligonucleotide molecules that are capable of antigen recognition on a compact device surface. This review presents progress in the application of immobilization strategies including the classical adsorption process, affinity attachment, random cross-linking and specific covalent linking. The choice of immobilization methods and its impact on biosensor performance in terms of capture molecule loading, orientation, stability and capture efficiency are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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71
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Mackey D, Kelly E, Nooney R, O'Kennedy R. Direct immunoassays and their performance – theoretical modelling of the effects of antibody orientation and associated kinetics. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:598-604. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical and computational modelling are used to quantify immunoassay signals for various immobilized antibody orientations, antigen sizes and kinetic parameters, in order to determine optimal surface coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mackey
- School of Mathematical Sciences
- Dublin Institute of Technology
- Dublin 8
- Ireland
| | - Eilís Kelly
- School of Mathematical Sciences
- Dublin Institute of Technology
- Dublin 8
- Ireland
| | - Robert Nooney
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University
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72
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Soares RRG, Ricelli A, Fanelli C, Caputo D, de Cesare G, Chu V, Aires-Barros MR, Conde JP. Advances, challenges and opportunities for point-of-need screening of mycotoxins in foods and feeds. Analyst 2018; 143:1015-1035. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01762f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in analytical methods for mycotoxin screening in foods and feeds are reviewed, focusing on point-of-need detection using integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R. G. Soares
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Portugal
- IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
| | | | - Corrado Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Domenico Caputo
- Department of Information Engineering
- Electronics and Telecommunications
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Giampiero de Cesare
- Department of Information Engineering
- Electronics and Telecommunications
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Portugal
| | - M. Raquel Aires-Barros
- IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - João P. Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
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73
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Kim J, Sinha S, Solomon M, Perez-Herrero E, Hsu J, Tsinas Z, Muro S. Co-coating of receptor-targeted drug nanocarriers with anti-phagocytic moieties enhances specific tissue uptake versus non-specific phagocytic clearance. Biomaterials 2017; 147:14-25. [PMID: 28923682 PMCID: PMC5667353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers (NCs) help improve the performance of therapeutics, but their removal by phagocytes in the liver, spleen, tissues, etc. diminishes this potential. Although NC functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG) lowers interaction with phagocytes, it also reduces interactions with tissue cells. Coating NCs with CD47, a protein expressed by body cells to avoid phagocytic removal, offers an alternative. Previous studies showed that coating CD47 on non-targeted NCs reduces phagocytosis, but whether this alters binding and endocytosis of actively-targeted NCs remains unknown. To evaluate this, we used polymer NCs targeted to ICAM-1, a receptor overexpressed in many diseases. Co-coating of CD47 on anti-ICAM NCs reduced macrophage phagocytosis by ∼50% for up to 24 h, while increasing endothelial-cell targeting by ∼87% over control anti-ICAM/IgG NCs. Anti-ICAM/CD47 NCs were endocytosed via the CAM-mediated pathway with efficiency similar (0.99-fold) to anti-ICAM/IgG NCs. Comparable outcomes were observed for NCs targeted to PECAM-1 or transferrin receptor, suggesting broad applicability. When injected in mice, anti-ICAM/CD47 NCs reduced liver and spleen uptake by ∼30-50% and increased lung targeting by ∼2-fold (∼10-fold over IgG NCs). Therefore, co-coating NCs with CD47 and targeting moieties reduces macrophage phagocytosis and improves targeted uptake. This strategy may significantly improve the efficacy of targeted drug NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kim
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sauradeep Sinha
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Edgar Perez-Herrero
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Janet Hsu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Zois Tsinas
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
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74
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Lilyanna S, Ng EMW, Moriguchi S, Chan SP, Kokawa R, Huynh SH, Chong PCJ, Ng YX, Richards AM, Ng TW, Liew OW. Variability in Microplate Surface Properties and Its Impact on ELISA. J Appl Lab Med 2017; 2:687-699. [PMID: 33636870 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2017.023952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplate-based immunoassays are widely used in clinical and research settings to measure a broad range of biomarkers present in complex matrices. Assay variability within and between microplates can give rise to false-negative and false-positive results leading to incorrect conclusions. To date, the contribution of microplates to this variability remains poorly characterized and described. This study provides new insights into variability in immunoassays attributable to surface characteristics of commercial microplates. METHODS Well-to-well assay variation in γ-treated and nontreated 96-well opaque microplates suitable for chemiluminescence assays was determined by use of a validated sandwich ELISA. Microplate surface characteristics were assessed by sessile drop contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS All microplate types tested exhibited vendor-specific assay response profiles; and "rogue" plates with very high intraassay variation and deviant mean assay responses were found. Within-plate, location-dependent bias in assay responses and variability in well contact angle were also observed. We demonstrate substantial differences in well-surface properties with putative effects on protein-coating reproducibility and hence consistency in immunoassay responses. A surface "cleaning" effect on manufacturing residues was attributed to γ-irradiation, and treated microplates manifest increased polar functionalities, surface roughness, and assay responses. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that tighter control of variability in surface roughness, wettability, chemistry, and level of residual contaminants during microplate preparation is warranted to improve consistency of ELISA assay read out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shera Lilyanna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Enoch Ming Wei Ng
- Laboratory for Optics & Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Siew Pang Chan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ryohei Kokawa
- Global Application Development Center, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan
| | - So Hung Huynh
- Laboratory for Optics & Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - P C Jenny Chong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yan Xia Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.,Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tuck Wah Ng
- Laboratory for Optics & Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
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75
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Surface engineering of poly(methylmethacrylate): Effects on fluorescence immunoassay. Biointerphases 2017; 12:02C415. [PMID: 28587470 DOI: 10.1116/1.4984010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present surface engineering modifications through chemistry of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) that have dramatic effects on the result of surface-bound fluorescence immunoassays, both for specific and nonspecific signals. The authors deduce the most important effect to be clustering of antibodies on the surface leading to significant self-quenching. Secondary effects are attributable to the formation of sparse multilayers of antibody. The authors compare PMMA as an antibody support surface with ultraviolet-ozone oxidized PMMA and also to substrates that were, after the oxidation, surface modified by a four-unit poly(ethyleneglycol) carboxylic acid (PEG4), a branched tricarboxylic acid, and a series of carboxylic acid-terminated dendrimers, from generation 1.5 to 5.5. Fluorescence immunoassay and neutron reflectometry were used to compare the apparent antibody surface loading, antigen binding and nonspecific binding on these various surfaces using anti-human IgG as a model antibody, chemically coupled to the surface by amide formation. Simple physical adsorption of the antibody on PMMA resulted in a thick antibody multilayer with small antigen binding capacity. On the carboxylated surfaces, with chemical coupling, a simple monolayer was formed. The authors deduce that antibody clustering was driven by conformational inflexibility and high carboxylate density. The PEG4-modified surface was the most conformationally flexible. The dendrimer-modified interfaces showed a collapse and densification. In fluorescence immunoassay, the optimal combination of high specific and low nonspecific fluorescence signal was found for the G3.5 dendrimer.
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76
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Disulfide-modified antigen for detection of celiac disease-associated anti-tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3799-3806. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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77
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Shen M, Rusling J, Dixit CK. Site-selective orientated immobilization of antibodies and conjugates for immunodiagnostics development. Methods 2017; 116:95-111. [PMID: 27876681 PMCID: PMC5374010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilized antibody systems are the key to develop efficient diagnostics and separations tools. In the last decade, developments in the field of biomolecular engineering and crosslinker chemistry have greatly influenced the development of this field. With all these new approaches at our disposal, several new immobilization methods have been created to address the main challenges associated with immobilized antibodies. Few of these challenges that we have discussed in this review are mainly associated to the site-specific immobilization, appropriate orientation, and activity retention. We have discussed the effect of antibody immobilization approaches on the parameters on the performance of an immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
| | - James Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 060
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chandra K Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
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78
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Gajos K, Budkowski A, Pagkali V, Petrou P, Biernat M, Awsiuk K, Rysz J, Bernasik A, Misiakos K, Raptis I, Kakabakos S. Indirect immunoassay on functionalized silicon surface: Molecular arrangement, composition and orientation examined step-by-step with multi-technique and multivariate analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 150:437-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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79
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Lai CH, Choon Lim S, Wu LC, Wang CF, Tsai WS, Wu HC, Chang YC. Site-specific antibody modification and immobilization on a microfluidic chip to promote the capture of circulating tumor cells and microemboli. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4152-4155. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibody coating via Fc-domain site-specific immobilization improves capture efficiency of circulating tumor cells and microemboli in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Hui Lai
- Genomics Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
| | | | | | | | - Wen-Sy Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science
- Chang-Gung University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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80
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Awsiuk K, Budkowski A, Petrou P, Marzec MM, Biernat M, Jaworska-Gołąb T, Rysz J. Orientation and biorecognition of immunoglobulin adsorbed on spin-cast poly(3-alkylthiophenes): Impact of polymer film crystallinity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:278-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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81
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Mackey D, Kelly E, Nooney R. Modelling random antibody adsorption and immunoassay activity. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2016; 13:1159-1168. [PMID: 27775373 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2016036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary considerations in immunoassay design is optimizing the concentration of capture antibody in order to achieve maximal antigen binding and, subsequently, improved sensitivity and limit of detection. Many immunoassay technologies involve immobilization of the antibody to solid surfaces. Antibodies are large molecules in which the position and accessibility of the antigen-binding site depend on their orientation and packing density. In this paper we propose a simple mathematical model, based on the theory known as random sequential adsorption (RSA), in order to calculate how the concentration of correctly oriented antibodies (active site exposed for subsequent reactions) evolves during the deposition process. It has been suggested by experimental studies that high concentrations will decrease assay performance, due to molecule denaturation and obstruction of active binding sites. However, crowding of antibodies can also have the opposite effect by favouring upright orientations. A specific aim of our model is to predict which of these competing effects prevails under different experimental conditions and study the existence of an optimal coverage, which yields the maximum expected concentration of active particles (and hence the highest signal).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mackey
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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82
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Serrano D, Manthe RL, Paul E, Chadha R, Muro S. How Carrier Size and Valency Modulate Receptor-Mediated Signaling: Understanding the Link between Binding and Endocytosis of ICAM-1-Targeted Carriers. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3127-3137. [PMID: 27585187 PMCID: PMC5831250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of drug carriers to endocytic cell receptors facilitates intracellular drug delivery. Carrier size and number of targeting moieties (valency) influence cell binding and uptake. However, how these parameters influence receptor-mediated cell signaling (the link between binding and uptake) remains uncharacterized. We studied this using polymer carriers of different sizes and valencies, targeted to endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a marker overexpressed in many pathologies. Unexpectedly, induction of cell signals (ceramide and protein kinase C (PKC) enrichment and activation) and uptake, were independent of carrier avidity, total number of carriers bound per cell, cumulative cell surface area occupied by carriers, number of targeting antibodies at the carrier-cell contact, and cumulative receptor engagement by all bound carriers. Instead, "valency density" (number of antibodies per carrier surface area) ruled signaling, and carrier size independently influenced uptake. These results are key to understanding the interplay between carrier design parameters and receptor-mediated signaling conducive to endocytosis, paramount for intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Serrano
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Rachel L. Manthe
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Eden Paul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Rishi Chadha
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
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83
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Santos A, Bueno PR. Glycoprotein assay based on the optimized immittance signal of a redox tagged and lectin-based receptive interface. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:368-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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84
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Funari R, Della Ventura B, Altucci C, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D, Velotta R. Single Molecule Characterization of UV-Activated Antibodies on Gold by Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8084-91. [PMID: 27444884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between proteins and solid surfaces can influence their conformation and therefore also their activity and affinity. These interactions are highly specific for the respective combination of proteins and solids. Consequently, it is desirable to investigate the conformation of proteins on technical surfaces, ideally at single molecule level, and to correlate the results with their activity. This is in particular true for biosensors where the conformation-dependent target affinity of an immobilized receptor determines the sensitivity of the sensor. Here, we investigate for the first time the immobilization and orientation of antibodies (Abs) photoactivated by a photonic immobilization technique (PIT), which has previously demonstrated to enhance binding capabilities of antibody receptors. The photoactivated immunoglobulins are immobilized on ultrasmooth template stripped gold films and investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at the level of individual molecules. The observed protein orientations are compared with results of nonactivated antibodies adsorbed on similar gold films and mica reference samples. We find that the behavior of Abs is similar for mica and gold when the protein are not treated (physisorption), whereas smaller contact area and larger heights are measured when Abs are treated (PIT). This is explained by assuming that the activated antibodies tend to be more upright compared with nonirradiated ones, thereby providing a better exposure of the binding sites. This finding matches the observed enhancement of Abs binding efficiency when PIT is used to functionalize gold surface of QCM-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Funari
- Department of Physics Ettore Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II , via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B Della Ventura
- Department of Physics Ettore Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II , via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Altucci
- Department of Physics Ettore Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II , via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Offenhäusser
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8) and Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Mayer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8) and Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - R Velotta
- Department of Physics Ettore Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II , via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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85
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Liu J, Zhao J, Petrochenko P, Zheng J, Hewlett I. Sensitive detection of influenza viruses with Europium nanoparticles on an epoxy silica sol-gel functionalized polycarbonate-polydimethylsiloxane hybrid microchip. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:150-155. [PMID: 27362253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new tools for diagnosing influenza in resource-limited settings, we fabricated a polycarbonate (PC)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid microchip using a simple epoxy silica sol-gel coating/bonding method and employed it in sensitive detection of influenza virus with Europium nanoparticles (EuNPs). The incorporation of sol-gel material in device fabrication provided functionalized channel surfaces ready for covalent immobilization of primary antibodies and a strong bonding between PDMS substrates and PC supports without increasing background fluorescence. In microchip EuNP immunoassay (µENIA) of inactivated influenza viruses, replacing native PDMS microchips with hybrid microchips allowed the achievement of a 6-fold increase in signal-to-background ratio, a 12-fold and a 6-fold decreases in limit-of-detection (LOD) in influenza A and B tests respectively. Using influenza A samples with known titers, the LOD of influenza µENIA on hybrid microchips was determined to be ~10(4) TCID50 titer/mL and 10(3)-10(4) EID50 titer/mL. A comparison test indicated that the sensitivity of influenza µENIA enhanced using the hybrid microchips even surpassed that of a commercial laboratory influenza ELISA test. In addition to the sensitivity improvement, assay variation was clearly reduced when hybrid microchips instead of native PDMS microchips were used in the µENIA tests. Finally, infectious reference viruses and nasopharyngeal swab patient specimens were successfully tested using μENIA on hybrid microchip platforms, demonstrating the potential of this unique microchip nanoparticle assay in clinical diagnosis of influenza. Meanwhile, the tests showed the necessity of using nucleic acid confirmatory tests to clarify ambiguous test results obtained from prototype or developed point-of-care testing devices for influenza diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Jiangqin Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Peter Petrochenko
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Indira Hewlett
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
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86
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Ghaffarian R, Herrero EP, Oh H, Raghavan SR, Muro S. Chitosan-Alginate Microcapsules Provide Gastric Protection and Intestinal Release of ICAM-1-Targeting Nanocarriers, Enabling GI Targeting In Vivo. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3382-3393. [PMID: 27375374 PMCID: PMC4926773 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201600084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
When administered intravenously, active targeting of drug nanocarriers (NCs) improves biodistribution and endocytosis. Targeting may also improve oral delivery of NCs to treat gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies or for systemic absoption. However, GI instability of targeting moieties compromises this strategy. We explored whether encapsulation of antibody-coated NCs in microcapsules would protect against gastric degradation, providing NCs release and targeting in intestinal conditions. We used nanoparticles coated with antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (anti-ICAM) or non-specific IgG. NCs (~160-nm) were encapsulated in ~180-μm microcapsules with an alginate core, in the absence or presence of a chitosan shell. We found >95% NC encapsulation within microcapsules and <10% NC release from microcapsules in storage. There was minimal NC release at gastric pH (<10%) and burst release at intestinal pH (75-85%), slightly attenuated by chitosan. Encapsulated NCs afforded increased protection against degradation (3-4 fold) and increased cell targeting (8-20 fold) after release vs. non-encapsulated NCs. Mouse oral gavage showed that microencapsulation provided 38-65% greater protection of anti-ICAM NCs in the GI tract, 40% lower gastric retention, and 4-9-fold enhanced intestinal biodistribution vs. non-encapsulated NCs. Therefore, microencapsulation of antibody-targeted NCs may enable active targeting strategies to be effective in the context of oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Ghaffarian
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Edgar Pérez Herrero
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 1227C Chemical & Nuclear Engineering Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Srinivasa R. Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 1227C Chemical & Nuclear Engineering Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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87
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Castanheira AP, Barbosa AI, Edwards AD, Reis NM. Multiplexed femtomolar quantitation of human cytokines in a fluoropolymer microcapillary film. Analyst 2016; 140:5609-18. [PMID: 26120601 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive quantitation of multiple cytokines can provide important diagnostic information during infection, inflammation and immunopathology. In this study sensitive immunoassay detection of human cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70 and TNFα is shown for singleplex and multiplex formats using a novel miniaturized ELISA platform. The platform uses a disposable plastic multi-syringe aspirator (MSA) integrating 8 disposable fluoropolymer microfluidic test strips, each containing an array of ten 200 μm mean i.d. microcapillaries coated with a set of monoclonal antibodies. Each MSA device thus performs 10 tests on 8 samples, delivering 80 measurements. Unprecedented levels of sensitivity were obtained with the novel fluoropolymer microfluidic material and simple colorimetric detection in a flatbed scanner. The limit of detection for singleplex detection ranged from 2.0 to 15.0 pg ml(-1), i.e. 35 and 713 femtomolar for singleplex cytokine detection, and the intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) remained within 10%. In addition, a triplex immunoassay was developed for measuring IL-1β, IL-12p70 and TNFα simultaneously from a given sample in the pg ml(-1) range. These assays permit high sensitivity measurement with rapid <15 min assay or detection from undiluted blood serum. The portability, speed and low-cost of this system are highly suited to point-of-care testing and field diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Castanheira
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, Billingshurst, West Sussex RH14 9SJ, UK
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88
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Shargh VH, Hondermarck H, Liang M. Antibody-targeted biodegradable nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:63-79. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology has great potentials to revolutionize the future cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this context, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for targeted delivery of diagnostic/therapeutic agents to the tumor sites, which thus result in greater efficacy and much less side effects. The targeting property of NPs is often achieved by functionalizing their surface with tumor-specific ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, small molecules and oligonucleotides. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in the multifunctional design of antibody-targeted NPs with a special focus on liposomal, polymeric and protein-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Heravi Shargh
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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89
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Jepsen ST, Jørgensen TM, Zong W, Trydal T, Kristensen SR, Sørensen HS. Evaluation of back scatter interferometry, a method for detecting protein binding in solution. Analyst 2015; 140:895-901. [PMID: 25503796 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Back Scatter Interferometry (BSI) has been proposed to be a highly sensitive and versatile refractive index sensor usable for analytical detection of biomarker and protein interactions in solution. However the existing literature on BSI lacks a physical explanation of why protein interactions in general should contribute to the BSI signal. We have established a BSI system to investigate this subject in further detail. We contribute with a thorough analysis of the robustness of the sensor including unwanted contributions to the interferometric signal caused by temperature variation and dissolved gasses. We report a limit of the effective minimum detectability of refractive index at the 10(-7) level. Long term stability was examined by simultaneously monitoring the temperature inside the capillary revealing an average drift of 2.0 × 10(-7) per hour. Finally we show that measurements on protein A incubated with immunoglobulin G do not result in a signal that can be attributed to binding affinities as otherwise claimed in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Jepsen
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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90
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Vossler JD, Min Ju Y, Williams JK, Goldstein S, Hamlin J, Lee SJ, Yoo JJ, Atala A. CD133 antibody conjugation to decellularized human heart valves intended for circulating cell capture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:055001. [PMID: 26333364 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/5/055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The long term efficacy of tissue based heart valve grafts may be limited by progressive degeneration characterized by immune mediated inflammation and calcification. To avoid this degeneration, decellularized heart valves with functionalized surfaces capable of rapid in vivo endothelialization have been developed. The aim of this study is to examine the capacity of CD133 antibody-conjugated valve tissue to capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Decellularized human pulmonary valve tissue was conjugated with CD133 antibody at varying concentrations and exposed to CD133 expressing NTERA-2 cl.D1 (NT2) cells in a microflow chamber. The amount of CD133 antibody conjugated on the valve tissue surface and the number of NT2 cells captured in the presence of shear stress was measured. Both the amount of CD133 antibody conjugated to the valve leaflet surface and the number of adherent NT2 cells increased as the concentration of CD133 antibody present in the surface immobilization procedure increased. The data presented in this study support the hypothesis that the rate of CD133(+) cell adhesion in the presence of shear stress to decellularized heart valve tissue functionalized by CD133 antibody conjugation increases as the quantity of CD133 antibody conjugated to the tissue surface increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Vossler
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine and, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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91
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Pérez-Ruiz E, Spasic D, Gils A, van IJzendoorn L, Prins M, Lammertyn J. Ara h 1 protein–antibody dissociation study: evidence for binding inhomogeneities on a molecular scale. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:458-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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92
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Perevozchikova T, Nanda H, Nesta DP, Roberts CJ. Protein Adsorption, Desorption, and Aggregation Mediated by Solid-Liquid Interfaces. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1946-1959. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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93
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Bhakta SA, Evans E, Benavidez TE, Garcia CD. Protein adsorption onto nanomaterials for the development of biosensors and analytical devices: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 872:7-25. [PMID: 25892065 PMCID: PMC4405630 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An important consideration for the development of biosensors is the adsorption of the biorecognition element to the surface of a substrate. As the first step in the immobilization process, adsorption affects most immobilization routes and much attention is given into the research of this process to maximize the overall activity of the biosensor. The use of nanomaterials, specifically nanoparticles and nanostructured films, offers advantageous properties that can be fine-tuned to maximize interactions with specific proteins to maximize activity, minimize structural changes, and enhance the catalytic step. In the biosensor field, protein-nanomaterial interactions are an emerging trend that span across many disciplines. This review addresses recent publications about the proteins most frequently used, their most relevant characteristics, and the conditions required to adsorb them to nanomaterials. When relevant and available, subsequent analytical figures of merits are discussed for selected biosensors. The general trend amongst the research papers allows concluding that the use of nanomaterials has already provided significant improvements in the analytical performance of many biosensors and that this research field will continue to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Tomás E Benavidez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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94
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Kapp SJ, Larsson I, Van De Weert M, Cárdenas M, Jorgensen L. Competitive Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibodies and Nonionic Surfactants at Solid Hydrophobic Surfaces. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:593-601. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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95
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Madaboosi N, Soares RRG, Chu V, Conde JP. A microfluidic immunoassay platform for the detection of free prostate specific antigen: a systematic and quantitative approach. Analyst 2015; 140:4423-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel physisorption- and bio-affinity amplification-based microfluidic immunoassay platform for free PSA detection within a clinically relevant range is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Madaboosi
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Ruben R. G. Soares
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
| | - Virginia Chu
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - João Pedro Conde
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering
- Instituto Superior Técnico
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96
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Hu X, Dinu CZ. Analysis of affinities between specific biological ligands using atomic force microscopy. Analyst 2015; 140:8118-26. [PMID: 26525901 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We used atomic force microscopy to rank the energetics of biomolecular recognition events of protein–ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- West Virginia University
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Morgantown
- USA
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97
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Hamid Mujawar L, van Amerongen A, Norde W. Influence of Pluronic F127 on the distribution and functionality of inkjet-printed biomolecules in porous nitrocellulose substrates. Talanta 2015; 131:541-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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98
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Cho H, Jaworski J. Enzyme directed formation of un-natural side-chains for covalent surface attachment of proteins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:846-850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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99
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Mitsakakis K, Tsortos A, Gizeli E. Quantitative determination of protein molecular weight with an acoustic sensor; significance of specific versus non-specific binding. Analyst 2014; 139:3918-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multi-analyte acoustic biosensor determines the molecular weight of proteinsviathe phase change of the acoustic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology
- Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas
- GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology
- University of Crete
| | - Achilleas Tsortos
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology
- Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas
- GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Electra Gizeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology
- Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas
- GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology
- University of Crete
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100
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Wang Z, Yue T, Yuan Y, Cai R, Niu C, Guo C. Preparation of immunomagnetic nanoparticles for the separation and enrichment of Alicyclobacillus spp. in apple juice. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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